text
stringlengths
10
951k
source
stringlengths
39
44
Paul Bunyan Paul Bunyan is a giant lumberjack and folk hero in American and Canadian folklore. His exploits revolve around the tall tales of his superhuman labors, and he is customarily accompanied by Babe the Blue Ox. The character originated in the oral tradition of North American loggers, and was later popularized ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24277
Pear The pear () tree and shrub are a species of genus Pyrus , in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pear are valued for their edible fruit and juices while others are cultivated as trees. The tree is medium-sized and native to coastal as well as mildly temperate reg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24278
PowerPC PowerPC (with the backronym Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing, sometimes abbreviated as PPC) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as "AIM". PowerPC, as an evolving instruction set...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24281
Pope Urban II Pope Urban II (;  – 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for initiating the Crusades. Odo was a native of France. He was a descendant of a noble family in Châtillon-sur...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24284
Pope Urban IV Pope Urban IV (; c. 1195 – 2 October 1264), born Jacques Pantaléon, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 August 1261 to his death. He was not a cardinal; only a few popes since his time have not been cardinals, including Gregory X, Urban V and Urban VI. Pantaléon was...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24286
Pandora In Greek mythology, Pandora (Greek: , derived from , "pān", i.e. "all" and , "dōron", i.e. "gift", thus "the all-endowed", "all-gifted" or "all-giving") was the first human woman created by Hephaestus on the instructions of Zeus. As Hesiod related it, each god cooperated by giving her unique gifts. Her other n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24290
Peremptory plea In the common law, the peremptory pleas (pleas in bar) are defensive pleas that set out special reasons for which a trial cannot proceed; they serve to bar the case entirely. Pleas in bar may be used in civil or criminal cases; they address the substantial merits of the case. In a criminal case, the p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24294
Pope Urban V Pope Urban V (; 1310 – 19 December 1370), born Guillaume de Grimoard, was the head of the Catholic Church from 28 September 1362 until his death in 1370 and was also a member of the Order of Saint Benedict. He was the only Avignon pope to be beatified. Even after his election as pontiff, he continued to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24297
Potsdam Conference The Potsdam Conference () was held in Potsdam, Germany, from 17 July to 2 August 1945. (In some older documents, it is also referred to as the Berlin Conference of the Three Heads of Government of the USSR, the USA, and the UK.) The participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the Uni...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24298
Pope Urban VI Pope Urban VI (; c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano (), was the Roman claimant to the headship of the Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 to his death. He was the most recent pope to be elected from outside the College of Cardinals. His pontificate began shortly after the end of the Avign...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24302
Pope Urban VII Pope Urban VII (; 4 August 1521 – 27 September 1590), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 to 27 September 1590. His twelve-day papacy was the shortest in history. Giovanni Battista Castagna was born in Rome in 1521 to a noble family as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24303
Password A password, sometimes called a passcode, is a memorized secret, typically a string of characters, used to confirm the identity of a user. Using the terminology of the NIST Digital Identity Guidelines, the secret is memorized by a party called the "claimant" while the party verifying the identity of the claima...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24304
Portable Network Graphics Portable Network Graphics (PNG, officially pronounced , more commonly pronounced ) is a raster-graphics file format that supports lossless data compression. PNG was developed as an improved, non-patented replacement for Graphics Interchange Format (GIF). PNG supports palette-based images (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24306
Pope Urban VIII Pope Urban VIII (; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), born Maffeo Barberini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death in 1644. He expanded the papal territory by force of arms and advantageous politicking, and was also a prominent patron of the a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24308
Pope Silverius Pope Silverius (died 2 December 537) ruled the Holy See from 8 June 536 to his deposition in 537, a few months before his death. His rapid rise to prominence from a deacon to the papacy coincided the efforts of Ostrogothic king Theodahad (nephew to Theodoric the Great), who intended to install a pro-Got...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24309
Pope Sylvester III Pope Sylvester III (1000 – October 1063), born John in Rome, was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 20 January to March 1045. Christened John, he was born into the powerful Roman patrician family Crescentii. Upon the death of Pope John XIX in October 1032, the papal throne became the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24311
Planar graph In graph theory, a planar graph is a graph that can be embedded in the plane, i.e., it can be drawn on the plane in such a way that its edges intersect only at their endpoints. In other words, it can be drawn in such a way that no edges cross each other. Such a drawing is called a plane graph or planar em...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24314
Pellucidar Pellucidar is a fictional Hollow Earth invented by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs for a series of action adventure stories. In a crossover event between Burroughs's series, there is a Tarzan story in which he travels into Pellucidar. The stories initially involve the adventures of mining heir David I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24316
Peace Now Peace Now ( "Shalom Achshav", ) is a non-governmental organization, "liberal advocacy" and activist group in Israel with the aim of promoting a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Peace Now was formed during the 1978 Israeli-Egyptian peace talks between Israeli Prime Minister Menachem B...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24319
Palestine Liberation Organization The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; , ) is an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of the "liberation of Palestine" through armed struggle, with much of its violence aimed at Israeli civilians. It is recognized as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24324
Pol Pot Pol Pot (born Saloth Sâr; 19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998) was a Cambodian revolutionary and politician who governed Cambodia as the Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea between 1975 and 1979. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and a Khmer nationalist, he was a leading member of Cambodia's communist movement, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24326
Prairie dog Prairie dogs (genus Cynomys) are herbivorous burrowing rodents native to the grasslands of North America. The five species are: black-tailed, white-tailed, Gunnison's, Utah, and Mexican prairie dogs. They are a type of ground squirrel, found in North America. In Mexico, prairie dogs are found primarily in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24327
Pope Stephen III Pope Stephen III (; died 1 February 772) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 7 August 768 to his death. Stephen was a Benedictine monk who worked in the Lateran Palace during the reign of Pope Zachary. In the midst of a tumultuous contest by rival factions to name a successor to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24333
Pope Stephen IV Pope Stephen IV (; c. 770 – 24 January 817) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from June 816 to his death. Stephen belonged to a noble Roman family. In October 816, he crowned Louis the Pious as emperor at Rheims, and persuaded him to release some Roman political prisoners he held in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24334
Pope Stephen VII Pope Stephen VII (; died 15 March 931) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from February 929 to his death in 931. A candidate of the infamous Marozia, his pontificate occurred during the period known as the "Saeculum obscurum". Stephen was a Roman by birth, the son of Theodem...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24338
Pope Stephen VIII Pope Stephen VIII (; died October 942) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from 14 July 939 to his death. His pontificate occurred during the "Saeculum obscurum", when the power of popes was diminished by the ambitious counts of Tusculum, and was marked by the conflict betwee...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24339
Pope Stephen IX Pope Stephen IX (; c. 1020 – 29 March 1058) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 3 August 1057 to his death. Christened Frederick, he was a younger brother of Duke Godfrey the Bearded of Lorraine, and part of the Ardennes-Verdun dynasty that would play a prominent role in the poli...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24340
Projective plane In mathematics, a projective plane is a geometric structure that extends the concept of a plane. In the ordinary Euclidean plane, two lines typically intersect in a single point, but there are some pairs of lines (namely, parallel lines) that do not intersect. A projective plane can be thought of as a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24350
Pacific Beach, San Diego Pacific Beach is a neighborhood in San Diego, bounded by La Jolla to the north, Mission Beach and Mission Bay to the south, Interstate 5 to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. While formerly largely populated by young people, surfers, and college students, because of rising property an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24353
Pharmacology Pharmacology is a branch of medicine and pharmaceutical sciences which is concerned with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug can be broadly or narrowly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24354
Perth Perth ( ) is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia (WA). It is named after the city of Perth, Scotland and is Australia's fourth-most populous city, with a population of 2.14 million living in Greater Perth. Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia, w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24355
Human pathogen A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans. The human physiological defense against common pathogens (such as "Pneumocystis") is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body's norma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24358
People Against Gangsterism and Drugs People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD) is a group formed in 1996 in the Cape Flats area of Cape Town, South Africa. The organisation came to prominence for acts of vigilante violence against gangsters, including arson and murder. PAGAD was originally initiated by a handful ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24363
PDP-8 The PDP-8 is a 12-bit minicomputer that was produced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It was the first commercially successful minicomputer, with over 50,000 units being sold over the model's lifetime. Its basic design follows the pioneering LINC but has a smaller instruction set, which is an expanded ver...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24364
Porsche Dr.-Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, usually shortened to Porsche AG (; see below), is a German automobile manufacturer specializing in high-performance sports cars, SUVs and sedans. The headquarters of Porsche AG is in Stuttgart, and is owned by Volkswagen AG, a controlling stake of which is owned by Porsche Automobi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24365
Porsche 924 The Porsche 924 is a sports car produced by Porsche AG of Germany from 1976 to 1988. A two-door, 2+2 coupé, the 924 was intended to replace the Porsche 914 as the company's entry-level model. Although the water-cooled, front-engined 928 gran turismo was designed first, the 924 was the first road-going Por...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24366
Pain Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely used definition defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage". In medic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24373
List of pacifist organisations A Pacifist organization promotes the pacifist principle of renouncing war and violence for political ends. They are distinguished from organizations concerned only with removing nuclear weapons from war, though those organization may call for suspension of hostilities as well. Other orga...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24374
Porsche 944 The Porsche 944 is a sports car manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Porsche from 1982 to 1991. A front-engine, rear-wheel drive mid-level model based on the 924 platform, the 944 was available in coupé or cabriolet body styles, with either naturally aspirated or turbocharged engines. The 944 wa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24375
Porsche 968 The Porsche 968 is a sports car manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Porsche AG from 1991 to 1995. It was the final evolution of a series of water-cooled front-engine rear wheel drive models begun almost 20 years earlier with the 924, taking over the entry-level position in the company lineup fro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24376
Porsche 912 The Porsche 912 is a sports car by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany produced for the 1965 through 1969 model years. The 912 is an entry-level variant of the 911. Like the 911, the 912 was offered in Coupé and Targa body styles. The 912 is a nimble-handling compact 2+2 fitted with a 1.6-liter air cooled 4-c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24377
Pope Victor I Pope Victor I (died 199) was the bishop of Rome in the late second century (189–199 A.D.). He was of Berber origin. The dates of his tenure are uncertain, but one source states he became pope in 189 and gives the year of his death as 199. He was the first bishop of Rome born in the Roman Province of Afri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24382
Pope Victor II Pope Victor II (c. 1018 – 28 July 1057), born Gebhard of Dollnstein-Hirschberg, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 13 April 1055 until his death in 1057. Victor II was one of a series of German-born popes who led Gregorian Reform. Gebhard was a native of the Kingdom of Germany in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24383
Pope Victor III Pope Victor III ( 1026 – 16 September 1087), born Dauferio, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 24 May 1086 to his death. He was the successor of Pope Gregory VII, yet his pontificate is far less impressive in history than his time as Desiderius, the great abbot of Montecassino. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24384
Political science Political science, occasionally called politology, is a social science which deals with systems of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, associated constitutions and political behavior. Political science comprises numerous subfields, including comparative politics...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24388
Public relations Public relations (PR) is the practice of deliberately managing the release and spread of information between an individual or an organization (such as a business, government agency, or a nonprofit organization) and the public. Public relations (PR) and publicity differ in that PR is controlled interna...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24389
Paradox A paradox, also known as an antinomy, is a logically self-contradictory statement or a statement that runs contrary to one's expectation. It is a statement that, despite apparently valid reasoning from true premises, leads to a seemingly self-contradictory or a logically unacceptable conclusion. A paradox usua...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24390
Paul J. McAuley Paul J. McAuley (born 23 April 1955) is a British botanist and science fiction author. A biologist by training, McAuley writes mostly hard science fiction. His novels dealing with themes such as biotechnology, alternative history/alternative reality, and space travel. McAuley began with far-future sp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24397
PDP-11 The PDP-11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 into the 1990s, one of a set of products in the Programmed Data Processor (PDP) series. In total, around 600,000 PDP-11s of all models were sold, making it one of DEC's most successful product lines. The PDP-11 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24399
Pair programming Pair programming is an agile software development technique in which two programmers work together at one workstation. One, the "driver", writes code while the other, the "observer" or "navigator", reviews each line of code as it is typed in. The two programmers switch roles frequently. While reviewi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24400
Psychology of torture The psychology of torture refers to the psychological processes underlying all aspects of torture including the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim, the immediate and long-term effects, and the political and social institutions that influence its use. Torture itself is the use of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24401
Pongo de Manseriche The Pongo de Manseriche is a gorge in northwest Peru. The Marañón River runs through this gorge (and water gap) before it reaches the Amazon Basin. The Pongo de Manseriche is 3 miles (4.8 km) long, located at 4° 27′ 30″ south latitude and 77° 34′ 51″ west longitude, just below the mouth of the Río...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24402
Personality psychology Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that studies personality and its variation among individuals. It is a scientific study which aims to show how people are individually different due to psychological forces. Its areas of focus include: "Personality" is a dynamic and organized set...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24984
Pronoun In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun (abbreviated ) is a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. It is a particular case of a pro-form. Pronouns have traditionally been regarded as one of the parts of speech, but some modern theorists would not consider them to form a single class, in view of the va...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24985
Pendulum clock A pendulum clock is a clock that uses a pendulum, a swinging weight, as its timekeeping element. The advantage of a pendulum for timekeeping is that it is a harmonic oscillator: it swings back and forth in a precise time interval dependent on its length, and resists swinging at other rates. From its inv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24989
Programmable logic controller A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an industrial digital computer which has been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines, or robotic devices, or any activity that requires high reliability, ease of programm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24992
Peter David Peter Allen David (born September 23, 1956), often abbreviated PAD, is an American writer of comic books, novels, television, films and video games. His notable comic book work includes an award-winning 12-year run on "The Incredible Hulk", as well as runs on "Aquaman", "Young Justice", "Supergirl", "Falle...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24994
Pretoria Pretoria (; ; ), also known as Tshwane, is one of South Africa’s three capital cities, serving as the seat of the administrative branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to South Africa. (Cape Town is the legislative capital and Bloemfontein the judicial capital.) Pretoria straddles the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25002
Psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. Psychiatrists are medical doctors, unlike psychologists, and must evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a ph...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25004
Peano axioms In mathematical logic, the Peano axioms, also known as the Dedekind–Peano axioms or the Peano postulates, are axioms for the natural numbers presented by the 19th century Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano. These axioms have been used nearly unchanged in a number of metamathematical investigations, incl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25005
Procyon Procyon is the brightest star in the constellation of Canis Minor and usually the eighth-brightest star in the night sky, with a visual apparent magnitude of 0.34. It has the Bayer designation α Canis Minoris, which is Latinised to Alpha Canis Minoris, and abbreviated α CMi or Alpha CMi, respectively. As dete...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25006
Prisoner of war A prisoner of war (POW) is a non-combatant—whether a military member, an irregular military fighter, or a civilian—who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610. Belligerents hold...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25008
Privacy Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves, and thereby express themselves selectively. When something is private to a "person", it usually means that something is inherently special or sensitive to them. The domain of privacy partially overlaps wit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25009
Proton–proton chain reaction The proton–proton chain reaction is one of two known sets of nuclear fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium. It dominates in stars with masses less than or equal to that of the Sun, whereas the CNO cycle, the other known reaction, is suggested by theoretical models to d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25010
Plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms that live in large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current. The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. They provide a crucial source of food to many small and large aquatic organisms, such as bivalves, fish and whales....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25011
Pi Day Pi Day is an annual celebration of the mathematical constant (pi). Pi Day is observed on March 14 (3/14 in the "month/day" format) since 3, 1, and 4 are the first three significant digits of . In 2009, the United States House of Representatives supported the designation of Pi Day. UNESCO's 40th General Conferen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25013
Pauli effect The Pauli effect or Pauli's Device Corollary is the supposed tendency of technical equipment to encounter critical failure in the presence of certain people. The term was coined after mysterious anecdotal stories involving Austrian theoretical physicist Wolfgang Pauli, describing numerous instances in whi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25018
Pat Mills Pat Eamon Mills (born 1949) is a British comics writer and editor who, along with John Wagner, revitalised British boys comics in the 1970s, and has remained a leading light in British comics ever since. He has been called "the godfather of British comics". His comics are notable for their violence and anti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25020
Pearl Index The Pearl Index, also called the Pearl rate, is the most common technique used in clinical trials for reporting the effectiveness of a birth control and tampon selection. formula_1 Three kinds of information are needed to calculate a Pearl Index for a particular study: There are two calculation methods ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25021
Paul Auster Paul Benjamin Auster (born February 3, 1947) is an American writer and film director. His notable works include "The New York Trilogy" (1987), "Moon Palace" (1989), "The Music of Chance" (1990), "The Book of Illusions" (2002), "The Brooklyn Follies" (2005), "Invisible" (2009), "Sunset Park" (2010), "Winter...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25022
Plain text In computing, plain text is a loose term for data (e.g. file contents) that represent only characters of readable material but not its graphical representation nor other objects (floating-point numbers, images, etc.). It may also include a limited number of characters that control simple arrangement of text...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25030
Presbyterian Church (USA) The Presbyterian Church (USA), abbreviated PC(USA), is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States. A part of the Reformed tradition, it is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the US, and known for its relatively progressive stance on doctrine. The PC(USA) was estab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25031
PackBits PackBits is a fast, simple lossless compression scheme for run-length encoding of data. Apple introduced the PackBits format with the release of MacPaint on the Macintosh computer. This compression scheme is one of the types of compression that can be used in TIFF-files. TGA-files also use this RLE compressi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25034
Pub rock (Australia) Pub rock is a style of Australian rock and roll popular throughout the 1970s and 1980s, and still influencing contemporary Australian music in the 2000s decade. The term came from the venues where most of these bands originally played — inner-city and suburban pubs. These often noisy, hot, small a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25036
Phonation The term phonation has slightly different meanings depending on the subfield of phonetics. Among some phoneticians, "phonation" is the process by which the vocal folds produce certain sounds through quasi-periodic vibration. This is the definition used among those who study laryngeal anatomy and physiology a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25037
Principal ideal domain In mathematics, a principal ideal domain, or PID, is an integral domain in which every ideal is principal, i.e., can be generated by a single element. More generally, a principal ideal ring is a nonzero commutative ring whose ideals are principal, although some authors (e.g., Bourbaki) refer to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25039
Pioneer program The Pioneer programs were two series of United States lunar and planetary space probes exploration. The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, successfully sent one spacecraft to fly by the Moon, and successfully sent one spacecraft to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25040
Lockheed P-38 Lightning The Lockheed P-38 Lightning is a World War II–era American piston-engined fighter aircraft. Developed for the United States Army Air Corps, the P-38 had distinctive twin booms and a central nacelle containing the cockpit and armament. Allied propaganda claimed it had been nicknamed the fork-tai...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25041
Prayer Prayer is an invocation or act that seeks to activate a rapport with an object of worship through deliberate communication. In the narrow sense, the term refers to an act of supplication or intercession directed towards a deity (a god), or a deified ancestor. More generally, prayer can also have the purpose of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25042
Punjabi language Punjabi ( / ; ; ) is an Indo-Aryan language with more than 125 million native speakers in the Indian subcontinent and around the world. It is the native language of the Punjabi people, an ethnolinguistic group of the cultural region of Punjab, which encompasses northwest India and eastern Pakistan. P...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25044
Power associativity In mathematics, specifically in abstract algebra, power associativity is a property of a binary operation that is a weak form of associativity. An algebra (or more generally a magma) is said to be power-associative if the subalgebra generated by any element is associative. Concretely, this means t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25054
Pierre de Coubertin Charles Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin (, ; born Pierre de Frédy; 1 January 1863 – 2 September 1937, also known as Pierre de Coubertin and Baron de Coubertin) was a French educator and historian, founder of the International Olympic Committee, and its second president. He is known as the fathe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25055
Polish notation Polish notation (PN), also known as normal Polish notation (NPN), Łukasiewicz notation, Warsaw notation, Polish prefix notation or simply prefix notation, is a mathematical notation in which operators "precede" their operands, in contrast to the more common infix notation, in which operators are placed...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25056
Primary school A primary school, junior school (in UK), elementary school or grade school (in US & Canada) is a school for children from about four to eleven years old, in which they receive primary or elementary education. It can refer to both the physical structure (buildings) and the organisation. Typically it come...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25058
Piedmont Piedmont ( ; , ; Piedmontese, Occitan and , ) is a region in northwest Italy, one of the 20 regions of the country. It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east and the Aosta Valley region to the northwest; it also borders Switzerland to the northeast and Fra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25061
Product ring In mathematics, it is possible to combine several rings into one large product ring. This is done by giving the Cartesian product of a (possibly infinite) family of rings coordinatewise addition and multiplication. The resulting ring is called a direct product of the original rings. An important example ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25063
Posthumanism Posthumanism or post-humanism (meaning "after humanism" or "beyond humanism") is a term with at least seven definitions according to philosopher Francesca Ferrando: Philosopher Ted Schatzki suggests there are two varieties of posthumanism of the philosophical kind: One, which he calls 'objectivism', tri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25064
Parameter A parameter (from the Ancient Greek παρά, "para": "beside", "subsidiary"; and μέτρον, "metron": "measure"), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25065
Paavo Nurmi Paavo Johannes Nurmi (; 13 June 1897 – 2 October 1973) was a Finnish middle-distance and long-distance runner. He was called the "Flying Finn" or the "Phantom Finn", as he dominated distance running in the early 20th century. Nurmi set 22 official world records at distances between 1500 metres and 20 kilom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25071
Purple Heart The Purple Heart is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the President to those wounded or killed while serving, on or after April 5, 1917, with the U.S. military. With its forerunner, the Badge of Military Merit, which took the form of a heart made of purple cloth, the Purple Heart ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25072
Polyatomic ion A molecular ion is a covalently bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge that is not zero. Unlike a molecule, which has a net charge of zero, this chemical species is an ion. . (The prefix "poly-" carries the mean...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25073
Persecution of Christians The persecution of Christians can be historically traced from the first century of the Christian era to the present day. Early Christians were persecuted for their faith at the hands of both the Jews from whose religion Christianity arose and the Romans who controlled many of the lands across...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25074
Pet A pet, or companion animal, is an animal kept primarily for a person's company or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock or a laboratory animal. Popular pets are often considered to have attractive appearances, intelligence and relatable personalities, but some pets may be taken in on an altruist...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25079
Photograph A photograph (also known as a photo) is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor, such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Most photographs are created using a camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's visible wavelengths of light into ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25080
Paradigm shift A paradigm shift, a concept identified by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn, is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a . Kuhn presented his notion of a paradigm shift in his influential book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" (1962). Kuhn cont...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25081
Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP. It is the second and youngest epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and is followed by the Pleistocene Epoch. Prior to the 2...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23291
Pharaoh Pharaoh (, ; "Pǝrro") is the common title of the monarchs of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BCE) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Empire in 30 BCE, although the actual term "Pharaoh" was not used contemporaneously for a ruler until Merneptah, c. 1200 BCE. In the early dynasty, ancient ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23294
Printing press A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in which the cloth, paper or other medium was brushed or rubbed repeatedly to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23295
Pat Rafter Patrick Michael Rafter (born 28 December 1972) is an Australian former professional tennis player. He reached the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) world No. 1 singles ranking on 26 July 1999. His career highlights include consecutive US Open titles in 1997 and 1998, consecutive runner-up appearance...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23297
Proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If "n"% of the electorate support a particular political party or set of candidates as their favorite, then roughly "n"% of seats will be w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23298