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Priest A priest or priestess is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23707
PL/I PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced and sometimes written PL/1) is a procedural, imperative computer programming language developed and published by IBM. It is designed for scientific, engineering, business and system programming. It has been used by academic, commercial and industrial organizations since ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23708
Punctuation Punctuation (or sometimes interpunction) is the use of spacing, conventional signs, and certain typographical devices as aids to the understanding and correct reading of written text, whether read silently or aloud. Another description is, "It is the practice action or system of inserting points or other s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23711
Pentomino A pentomino (or 5-omino) is a polyomino of order 5, that is, a polygon in the plane made of 5 equal-sized squares connected edge-to-edge. When rotations and reflections are not considered to be distinct shapes, there are 12 different "free" pentominoes. When reflections are considered distinct, there are 18 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23712
Programmer A computer programmer, sometimes called a software developer, a programmer or more recently a coder (especially in more informal contexts), is a person who creates computer software. The term "computer programmer" can refer to a specialist in one area of computers, or to a generalist who writes code for man...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23716
Peter Singer Peter Albert David Singer (born 6 July 1946) is an Australian moral philosopher. He is the Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, and a Laureate Professor at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics at the University of Melbourne. He specialises in applied ethics and appr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23721
Poznań Poznań ( , , or ; ; known also by other historical names) is a city on the Warta River in west-central Poland, in the Greater Poland region. It is best known for its renaissance Old Town and Ostrów Tumski Cathedral. Today, Poznań is an important cultural and business centre and one of Poland's most populous reg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23723
Peter Falk Peter Michael Falk (September 16, 1927 – June 23, 2011) was an American actor and comedian, known for his role as Lieutenant Columbo in the long-running television series "Columbo" (1968–2003), for which he won four Primetime Emmy Awards (1972, 1975, 1976, 1990) and a Golden Globe Award (1973). He first sta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23725
Pixies (band) The Pixies are an American alternative rock band formed in 1986 in Boston, Massachusetts. The original lineup comprised Black Francis (vocals, rhythm guitar), Joey Santiago (lead guitar), Kim Deal (bass, backing vocals) and David Lovering (drums). The band disbanded acrimoniously in 1993, but reunited in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23726
Plasma ashing In semiconductor manufacturing plasma ashing is the process of removing the photoresist (light sensitive coating) from an etched wafer. Using a plasma source, a monatomic (single atom) substance known as a reactive species is generated. Oxygen or fluorine are the most common reactive species. The reactiv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23731
Psychophysiology Psychophysiology (from Greek , "psȳkhē", "breath, life, soul"; , "physis", "nature, origin"; and , "-logia") is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes. While psychophysiology was a general broad field of research in the 1960s and 1970s, it ha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23732
Periodization Periodization is the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified named blocks of time. This is usually done in order to facilitate the study and analysis of history, understanding current and historical processes, and causality that might have linked those events. This results in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23733
Petrarch Francesco Petrarca (; July 20, 1304 – July 18/19, 1374), commonly anglicized as Petrarch (), was an Italian scholar and poet during the early Italian Renaissance who was one of the earliest humanists. Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renais...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23734
Propeller A propeller is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are set at a pitch to form a helical spiral, that when rotated performs an action which is similar to Archimedes' screw. It transforms rotational power into linear thrust by acting upon a working fluid such as water or air. The rotational ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23738
Peter Duesberg Peter H. Duesberg (born December 2, 1936) is a German American molecular biologist and a professor of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He is known for his early research into genetic aspects of cancer. He played a pivotal role in the AIDS denialism controversy as a p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23739
Toxin A toxin is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants created by artificial processes are thus excluded. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from the word toxic. Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are cap...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23740
Philadelphia Phillies The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the National League (NL) East division. Since 2004, the team's home stadium has been Citizens Bank Park, located in South Philadelph...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23741
Phanerozoic The Phanerozoic Eon is the current geologic eon in the geologic time scale, and the one during which abundant animal and plant life has existed. It covers million years to the present, and began with the Cambrian Period when animals first developed hard shells preserved in the fossil record. The time befor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23743
Pokémon also known as in Japan, is a Japanese media franchise managed by the Pokémon Company, a company founded and with shares divided between Nintendo, Game Freak, and Creatures. The franchise copyright and Japanese trademark is shared by all three companies, but Nintendo is the sole owner of the trademark in other...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23745
Photolithography Photolithography, also called optical lithography or UV lithography, is a process used in microfabrication to pattern parts on a thin film or the bulk of a substrate (also called a "wafer"). It uses light to transfer a geometric pattern from a photomask (also called an "optical mask") to a photosensit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23748
Platypus The platypus ("Ornithorhynchus anatinus"), sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, is a semiaquatic egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. The platypus is the sole living representative of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus ("Ornithorhynchus"), though a number of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23749
Paramagnetism Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism whereby some materials are weakly attracted by an externally applied magnetic field, and form internal, induced magnetic fields in the direction of the applied magnetic field. In contrast with this behavior, diamagnetic materials are repelled by magnetic fields and fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23750
Parapsychology Parapsychology is the study of alleged psychic phenomena (extrasensory perception, as in telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis, a.k.a. telekinesis, and psychometry) and other paranormal claims, for example related to near-death experiences, synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc. It...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23754
Presburger arithmetic Presburger arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers with addition, named in honor of Mojżesz Presburger, who introduced it in 1929. The signature of Presburger arithmetic contains only the addition operation and equality, omitting the multiplication operation entirely. The axio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23756
Purdue University Purdue University is a public research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system. The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money to establish a college of science, technology, and agriculture in hi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23757
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (or Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite) was a Christian theologian and Neoplatonic philosopher of the late 5th to early 6th century, who wrote a set of works known as the "Corpus Areopagiticum" or "Corpus Dionysiacum". The author pseudonymously identifies h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23758
Perfect crystal Crystalline materials (mainly metals and alloys, but also stoichiometric salts and other materials) are made up of solid regions of ordered matter (atoms placed in one of a number of ordered formations called Bravais lattices). These regions are known as crystals. A perfect crystal is the one that cont...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23759
Paul Keating Paul John Keating (born 18 January 1944) is an Australian politician who served as the 24th Prime Minister of Australia and the Leader of the Labor Party from 1991 to 1996. He had previously served as Treasurer in the Hawke Government from 1983 to 1991. Keating was born in Sydney and left school at the a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23767
Paolo Agostino Paolo Agostino (or Agostini; Augustinus in Latin; c. 1583 – 1629) was an Italian composer and organist of the early Baroque era. He was born perhaps at Vallerano, near Viterbo. He studied under Giovanni Bernardino Nanino, according to the dedication in the third and fourth books of his masses. Subsequen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23769
Pavel Urysohn Pavel Samuilovich Urysohn () (February 3, 1898 – August 17, 1924) was a Soviet mathematician who is best known for his contributions in dimension theory, and for developing Urysohn's metrization theorem and Urysohn's lemma, both of which are fundamental results in topology. His name is also commemorated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23770
Pascal (programming language) Pascal is an imperative and procedural programming language, designed by Niklaus Wirth as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. It is named in honour of the French mathematician, philosopher and phys...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23773
Paint Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable, or solid mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. Paint can be made or purchased in many colors—and in many different types, such as w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23776
Photoresist A photoresist (also known simply as a resist) is a light-sensitive material used in several processes, such as photolithography and photoengraving, to form a patterned coating on a surface. This process is crucial in the electronic industry. The process begins by coating a substrate with a light-sensitive...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23781
Phrenology Phrenology () is a pseudoscience which involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits. It is based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules. Although both of those ideas have a basis in reality...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23785
Pope Alexander VII Pope Alexander VII (13 February 159922 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death in 1667. He began his career as a vice-papal legate, and he held various diplomatic positions in the Holy See. He was ordained as a priest...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23789
Pope Alexander VIII Pope Alexander VIII (22 April 1610 – 1 February 1691), born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was Pope from 6 October 1689 to his death in 1691. He is to date the last pope to take the pontifical name of "Alexander" upon his election to the papacy. Pietro Vito Ottoboni was born in 1610 of a noble Venetian fam...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23790
Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja ( , ; 1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), was Pope from 11 August 1492 until his death in 1503. Born into the prominent Borgia family in Xàtiva in the Crown of Aragon (now Spain), Rodrigo studied law at the University of Bologna. He was ordained deacon and made...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23791
Patti Smith Patricia Lee Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, author, and poet who became an influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album "Horses". Called the "punk poet laureate," Smith fused rock and poetry in her work. Her most widely...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22995
Horses (album) Horses is the debut studio album by American musician Patti Smith, released on November 10, 1975, on Arista Records. Smith, a fixture of the then-burgeoning New York punk rock music scene, began recording "Horses" with her band in 1975 after being signed to Arista Records, with John Cale being enlisted ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22996
Panama Panama ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Panama (), is a transcontinental country in Central America and South America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The capital and largest city is Panama City, whose metropol...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22997
Polynomial In mathematics, a polynomial is an expression consisting of variables (also called indeterminates) and coefficients, that involves only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative integer exponents of variables. An example of a polynomial of a single indeterminate, , is . An ex...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23000
Polymer A polymer (; Greek "poly-", "many" + "-mer", "part") is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. Due to their broad spectrum of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play essential and ubiquitous roles in everyday life. Polyme...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23001
Perfect competition In economics, specifically general equilibrium theory, a perfect market, also known as an atomistic market, is defined by several idealizing conditions, collectively called perfect competition, or atomistic competition. In theoretical models where conditions of perfect competition hold, it has been...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23002
Philosophy of religion Philosophy of religion is "the philosophical examination of the central themes and concepts involved in religious traditions". Philosophical discussions on such topics date from ancient times, and appear in the earliest known texts concerning philosophy. The field is related to many other branch...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23003
Precedent A precedent is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. Common-law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules, so ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23004
Philip K. Dick Philip Kindred Dick (December 16, 1928 – March 2, 1982) was an American writer known for his work in science fiction. He produced 44 published novels and approximately 121 short stories, most of which appeared in science fiction magazines during his lifetime. His fiction explored varied philosophical an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23005
Penélope Cruz Penélope Cruz Sánchez (; ; born 28 April 1974) is a Spanish actress and model. Signed by an agent at the age of 15, she made her acting debut at 16 on television, and her feature film debut the following year in "Jamón Jamón" (1992). Her subsequent roles in the 1990s and 2000s included "Belle Époque" (19...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23006
Paul Ehrlich Paul Ehrlich (; 14 March 1854 – 20 August 1915) was a Nobel prize-winning German physician and scientist who worked in the fields of hematology, immunology, and antimicrobial chemotherapy. He is credited with finding a cure for syphilis in 1909. He invented the precursor technique to Gram staining bacteri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23010
Philosophical methodology Philosophical method (or philosophical methodology) is the study of how to do philosophy. A common view among philosophers is that philosophy is distinguished by the ways that philosophers follow in addressing philosophical questions. There is not just one method that philosophers use to answ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23012
Punch and Judy Punch and Judy is a traditional puppet show featuring Mr. Punch and his wife Judy. The performance consists of a sequence of short scenes, each depicting an interaction between two characters, most typically Mr. Punch and one other character who usually falls victim to Punch's slapstick. It is often ass...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23013
Poker Poker is any of a number of card games in which players wager over which hand is best according to that specific game's rules in ways similar to these rankings. Often using a standard deck, poker games vary in deck configuration, the number of cards in play, the number dealt face up or face down, and the number ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23014
Programming language A programming language is a formal language comprising a set of instructions that produce various kinds of output. Programming languages are used in computer programming to implement algorithms. Most programming languages consist of instructions for computers. There are programmable machines that...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23015
Economy of Poland The economy of Poland is the sixth largest in the European Union (EU) and the largest among the former Eastern Bloc members of the EU. Since 1990, Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization and its economy was the only one in the EU to avoid a recession through the 2007–08 economic downtu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23019
Telecommunications in Poland Telecommunications in Poland include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. The market for fixed line telephony services and infrastructure was monopolized by the state until 1990. The state monopoly was implemented by the PPTiT which was subordinated to the M...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23021
Transport in Poland Transport in Poland involves air, water, road and rail transportation. The country has a large network of municipal public transport, such as buses, trams and the metro. As a country located at the 'cross-roads' of Europe, Poland, with its highly developed economy, is a nation with a large and incr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23022
Mass media in Poland The mass media in Poland consist of several different types of communications media including television, radio, cinema, newspapers, magazines, and Internet. During the communist regime in Poland the Stalinist press doctrine dominated and controlled Polish media. The country instituted freedom of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23028
Portugal Portugal (), officially the Portuguese Republic ( ), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe, being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also include...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23033
Piano The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material. (Modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23034
Pamela Anderson Pamela Denise Anderson (born July 1, 1967) is a Canadian model, actress, activist, television personality, and author. She is best known for her numerous appearances in "Playboy" magazine and for her work on the television series "Home Improvement" (1991–1997), "Baywatch" (1992–1998), and "V.I.P." (199...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23035
Punk rock Punk rock (or simply punk) is a music genre that emerged in the mid-1970s. Rooted in 1960s garage rock, punk bands rejected the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. They typically produced short, fast-paced songs with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often po...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23037
Political philosophy Political philosophy, also known as political theory, is the study of topics such as politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of laws by authority: what they are, if they are needed, what makes a government legitimate, what rights and freedoms it should protect, what ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23040
History of Niger This is the history of Niger. See also the history of Africa and the history of West Africa. Humans have lived in what is now Niger from the earliest times. 2 to 3.5 million-year-old Australopithecus bahrelghazali remains have been found in neighboring Chad. Archeologists in Niger have much work to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21374
Demographics of Niger This article is about the demographic features of the population of Niger, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The largest ethnic groups in Niger are the Hausa, who also con...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21376
Politics of Niger Politics of Niger takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Niger is head of state and the Prime Minister of Niger head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21377
Economy of Niger The economy of Niger is based largely on internal markets, subsistence agriculture, and the export of raw commodities: foodstuffs to neighbors and raw minerals to world markets. Niger, a landlocked West African nation that straddles the Sahel, has consistently been ranked on the bottom of the Human de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21378
Telecommunications in Niger Telecommunications in Niger include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Radio stations: Radios: Television stations: state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming (2007). Television sets: Because literacy levels...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21379
Transport in Niger Transport in Niger is composed of the transportation systems and methods used in this landlocked nation, with cities separated by huge uninhabited deserts, mountain ranges, and other natural features. A poor nation, Niger's transport system was little developed during the colonial period (1899–1960)...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21380
Niger Armed Forces The Niger Armed Forces () (FAN) includes military armed force service branches (Niger Army and Niger Air Force), paramilitary services branches (National Gendarmerie of Niger and National Guard of Niger) and the National Police. The Niger Army, Niger Air Force and the National Gendarmerie of Niger a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21381
Foreign relations of Niger Niger pursues a moderate foreign policy and maintains friendly relations with both East and West. It is a member state of the United Nations. Niger maintains a special relationship with France and enjoys close relations with its West African neighbours. It is a charter member of the Organiz...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21382
Nigeria Nigeria (), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a sovereign country located in West Africa bordering Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. Its southern coast is on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. Nigeria is a federal republic comprising 36 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21383
History of Nigeria The history of Nigeria can be traced to settlers trading across the middle East and Africa as early as 1100 BC. Numerous ancient African civilizations settled in the region that is known today as Nigeria, such as the Kingdom of Nri, the Benin Empire, and the Oyo Empire. Islam reached Nigeria through...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21384
Geography of Nigeria Nigeria is a country in West Africa. Nigeria shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. It also shares a border with the self-declared, but internationally unrecognized state of Ambazonia in the southeast. Its coast lies on th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21385
Demographics of Nigeria Nigeria is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, with approximately 200 million people in an area of , and is also the country with the largest population in Africa and the seventh largest population in the world. Approximately 50% of Nigerians are urban dwellers, with the rate...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21386
Federal government of Nigeria The federal government of Nigeria is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the Constitution of Nigeria in the National Assembly, the President, and the federal courts, including the Supreme Court, respectively. Nigeria is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21387
Economy of Nigeria The economy of Nigeria is a middle-income, mixed economy and emerging market, with expanding manufacturing, financial, service, communications, technology and entertainment sectors. It is ranked as the 27th-largest economy in the world in terms of nominal GDP, and the 24th-largest in terms of purcha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21388
Telecommunications in Nigeria Telecommunications in Nigeria include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Radio stations: Radios: 23.5 million (1997). Television stations: nearly 70 federal government-owned national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several priv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21389
Transport in Nigeria Decaying infrastructure is one of the deficiencies that Nigeria's National Economic Empowerment Development Strategy (NEEDS) seeks to address. The government has begun to repair the country's poorly maintained road network. Because Nigeria's railways are in a perilous condition, the government is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21390
Nigerian Armed Forces The Nigerian Armed Forces are the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Its origins lie in the elements of the Royal West African Frontier Force that became Nigerian when independence was granted in 1960. In 1956 the Nigeria Regiment of the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF) was...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21391
Foreign relations of Nigeria Since independence, with Jaja Wachuku as the first Minister for Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, later called External Affairs, Nigerian foreign policy has been characterised by a focus on Africa as a regional power and by attachment to several fundamental principles: African un...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21392
History of Niue The history of Niue is the history of the area and people of Niue, including its indigenous Polynesian societies. Niue was first settled by Polynesian sailors from Samoa in around 900 AD. Further settlers (or possibly invaders) arrived from Tonga in the 16th century. The first known sighting of the i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21393
Transport in Niue Transport in Niue takes place on a road network, and via an (international) airport and a sea port. A ring road around the island's coast is the major route, and roads cross the central plateau linking Alofi to the villages of Lakepa, Liku and Hakupu on the opposite coast. All villages in Niue are c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21398
Communications in Niue Communications in Niue include postal, telephone, internet, press and radio. Postal services are through the Niue Post Office. Telephone service is provided by Telecom Niue, the sole provider, which services 1,100 landlines and fixed wireless lines. It also operates a cellular telephone servic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21399
Northern Mariana Islands The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI; ; Filipino: "Komonwelt ng mga Isla ng Hilagang Mariana"; Refaluwasch or Carolinian: "Commonwealth Téél Falúw kka Efáng llól Marianas"; formerly in Spanish: "Islas Marianas del Norte", in German: "N...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21402
Demographics of the Northern Mariana Islands This article is about the demographic features of the population of the Northern Mariana Islands, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The following de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21405
Politics of the Northern Mariana Islands Politics of the Northern Mariana Islands takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic system, whereby the Governor is head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. The Northern Mariana Islands are a commonwealth in political union with the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21406
Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: "Norf'k Ailen") is located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of mainland Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island. Together with the neighbouring Phillip Island and Nepean Island, the three islands collectively form the Te...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21422
History of Norfolk Island The history of Norfolk Island dates back to the fourteenth or fifteenth century when it was settled by Polynesian seafarers. Norfolk Island was first settled by East Polynesian seafarers either from the Kermadec Islands north of New Zealand or from the North Island of New Zealand. They arriv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21423
Politics of Norfolk Island Politics of Norfolk Island takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic entity. Norfolk Island is the only non-mainland Australian territory to have achieved self-governance. The Norfolk Island Act 1979, passed by the Parliament of Australia in 1979, is the Act und...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21426
Nerve A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibres called axons, in the peripheral nervous system. A nerve transmits electrical impulses and is the basic unit of the peripheral nervous system. A nerve provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses called action potentials that are transm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21435
Negligence Negligence (Lat. "negligentia") is a failure to exercise appropriate and or ethical ruled care expected to be exercised amongst specified circumstances. The area of tort law known as "negligence" involves harm caused by failing to act as a form of "carelessness" possibly with extenuating circumstances. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21436
Niger River The Niger River (; , ) is the principal river of West Africa, extending about . Its drainage basin is in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in southeastern Guinea. It runs in a crescent through Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, kno...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21437
Necronomicon The Necronomicon, also referred to as the Book of the Dead, or under a purported original Arabic title of "Kitab al-Azif", is a fictional grimoire (textbook of magic) appearing in stories by the horror writer H. P. Lovecraft and his followers. It was first mentioned in Lovecraft's 1924 short story "The Ho...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21442
Neal Stephenson Neal Town Stephenson (born October 31, 1959) is an American writer known for his works of speculative fiction. His novels have been categorized as science fiction, historical fiction, cyberpunk, postcyberpunk, and baroque. Stephenson's work explores subjects such as mathematics, cryptography, linguis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21443
Niccolò Machiavelli Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (, ; ; 3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian Renaissance diplomat, philosopher and writer, best known for "The Prince" ("Il Principe"), written in 1513. He has often been called the father of modern political philosophy or political science. For many years h...
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Neville Chamberlain Arthur Neville Chamberlain (; 18 March 18699 November 1940) was a British politician of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940. He is best known for his foreign policy of appeasement, and in particular for his signing of the Munich Agreem...
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Nicanor Parra Nicanor Segundo Parra Sandoval (5 September 1914 – 23 January 2018) was a Chilean poet and physicist. He is considered one of the most influential poets in spanish language of the 20th century often compared with Pablo Neruda. Parra described himself as an "anti-poet," due to his distaste for standard po...
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Norma MacMillan Norma MacMillan (September 15, 1921 – March 16, 2001) was a Canadian actress and voice actress, best known for voicing numerous animation and claymation children's characters, including Casper the Friendly Ghost on "The New Casper Cartoon Show", Gumby on "The Gumby Show" and Davey on "Davey and Goliath...
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Nevanlinna Prize The Rolf Nevanlinna Prize, known from 2022 as the IMU Abacus Medal, is awarded once every four years at the International Congress of Mathematicians, for outstanding contributions in Mathematical Aspects of Information Sciences including: The prize was established in 1981 by the Executive Committee ...
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Normal distribution formula_14 In probability theory, a normal (or Gaussian or Gauss or Laplace–Gauss) distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. The general form of its probability density function is The parameter formula_3 is the mean or expectation of the dist...
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Niklas Luhmann Niklas Luhmann (; ; December 8, 1927 – November 6, 1998) was a German sociologist, philosopher of social science, and a prominent thinker in systems theory, who is considered one of the most important social theorists of the 20th century. Luhmann was born in Lüneburg, Free State of Prussia, where his f...
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