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kp-eb0712-013701-9583
HYPERBOLA, a curve formed by cutting a cone in a direction parallel to its axis. See Conic Sections. Hyperbola Dejicient is a curve having only one asymptote, though two hyperbolic legs running out infinitely by the side of the asymptote, but contrariwise.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
HYPERBOLA
kp-eb0712-013702-9583
HYPERBOLE, in Hhetoric, a figure by which the truth and reality of things are either enlarged or diminished, exaggerated or depreciated. An object uncommon in respect of size, that is either very great of its kind or very little, strikes us with surprise; and this emotion forces upon the mind a momentary conviction th...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
HYPERBOLE
kp-eb0712-013703-9583
HYPERBOREAN, in Ancient Geography, a term applied to those people and places which were to the northward of the Scythians. The ancients had but very little acquaintance with the Hyperborean regions; and all that they tell us respecting them is doubtful, and much of it positively false. According to Diodorus Siculus, th...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
HYPERBOREAN
kp-eb0712-013704-9583
HYPERCATALECTIC, in the Greek and Latin poetry, is applied to a verse that has one or two syllables too much, or beyond the regular and just measure; as, Musae sorores sunt Minervae: Also, Musae sorores Palladis lugent.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
HYPERCATALECTIC
kp-eb0712-013705-9583
HYPERCRITIC, an over-rigid censor or critic; one who will let nothing pass, but animadverts severely on the slightest fault. The word is compounded of 'wxig, super, over, above, beyond; and ×gιτoioi, from xf/r^¢, judex, a verbal form of χgaω, judico I judge.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
HYPERCRITIC
kp-eb0712-013706-9583
HYPERDULIA, in the Roman Catholic theology, is the worship rendered to the holy virgin. The word is Greek, ŵrsgouÀí/sŕ, composed of wag, above, and 3uλwα, worship, service. The worship offered to saints is called dulia ; and that to the mother of God, hyperdulia, as being superior to the former.
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HYPERDULIA
kp-eb0712-013707-9583
HYPERIDES, a celebrated orator of Athens, was son of Glaucippus, respecting whose private history we are able to collect a few facts from the Orations of Demosthenes and the Bibliotheca of Photius (p. 1479). The exact date of his birth is not known; but he was put to death b. c. 322, the same year in which Demosthenes ...
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HYPERIDES
kp-eb0712-013801-9596
HYPERMNESTRA, in fabulous history, one of the fifty daughters of Danaus, king of Argos. She alone refused to obey the cruel order which Danaus had given to all his daughters, to murder their husbands the first night of their marriage; and therefore saved the life of Lynceus, after she had made him promise not to violat...
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HYPERMNESTRA
kp-eb0712-013802-9596
HYPHEN, an accent or character in grammar, implying that two words are to be joined, or connected into one compound word, and marked thus -; as pre-established, five-leaved, and the like. Hyphens also serve to connect the syllables of such words as are divided by the end of the line.
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HYPHEN
kp-eb0712-013803-9596
HYPNOTIC, in the Materia Medica, such medicines as in any way produce sleep, whether called narcotics, hyp notics, opiates, or soporifics.
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HYPNOTIC
kp-eb0712-013804-9596
HYPO, a Greek particle, retained in the composition of different words borrowed from that language, and literally denoting under, beneath. In this sense it stands opposed to wrtg, supra, above.
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HYPO
kp-eb0712-013805-9596
HYPOBOLE, or Subjection (from wrο, and ∕3αλλω, I cast), in Phetoric, a figure which is so called because several things are mentioned which seem to make for the contrary side, and each of them is refuted in order. This figure, when complete, consists of three parts; a proposition, an enumeration of particulars with the...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
HYPOBOLE
kp-eb0712-013806-9596
HYPOCATHARSIS (compounded of û¢ro, under, and καdα∕gw, I purge), in Medicine, a too faint or feeble purgation.
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HYPOCATHARSIS
kp-eb0712-013807-9596
HYPOCAUSTUM, amongst the Greeks and Romans, a subterraneous place, where there was a furnace to heat the baths. The word is Greek, formed from the preposition ĩ>¶o, under, and the verb κα∕ω, to bum. Amongst the moderns, the hypocaustum is that place where the fire is kept which warms a stove or hot-house.
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HYPOCAUSTUM
kp-eb0712-013808-9596
HYPOCHONDRIAC Passion, a disease in men, similar to the hysterical affection in women.
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HYPOCHONDRIAC
kp-eb0712-013809-9596
HYPOCRISY, υ ι ffoκg∕Aς, denotes dissimulation with regard to the moral or religious character. In other words, it signifies one who feigns to be what he is not; and it is generally applied to those who assume the appearances of virtue or religion, without in reality having any thing of either.
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HYPOCRISY
kp-eb0712-013810-9596
HYPOGAEUM, ∙⅛oya∕ov, formed from ûwo, under, and yα∕α, earth, in the ancient architecture, is a name common to all the parts of a building which are under ground; as the cellar, butteries, and such like places. The term hy- pogocum was used by the Greeks and Romans for subterraneous tombs in which they buried their dea...
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HYPOGAEUM
kp-eb0712-013811-9596
HYPOGASTRIC, an appellation given to the internal branch of the iliac artery.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
HYPOGASTRIC
kp-eb0712-013812-9596
HYPOGLOTTIS, or Hypoglossis, composed of ⅛o, zrnder, and yλω-rα, tongue, in Anatomy, is a name given to two glands of the tongue. There are four large glands of the tongue; two of them, called hypoglottides, are situated under it, near the venae ranulares, one on each side of the tongue. They serve to secrete a kind of...
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HYPOGLOTTIS
kp-eb0712-013813-9596
HYPOPYON, in Medicine, a collection of purulent matter under the corner of the eye.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
HYPOPYON
kp-eb0712-013814-9596
HYPOSCENIUM, in Antiquity, a partition under the pulpit or logeum of the Greek theatre, appointed for the music.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
HYPOSCENIUM
kp-eb0712-013815-9596
HYPOSTASIS, a Greek term, literally signifying substance, or subsistence, and used in theology for person. The word is Greek, ⅛00τα07ς, compounded of υ ι ro, sub, under, and ίΰτημι, sto, existo, I stand, I exist; as if we were to say subsistentia. Thus we hold that there is but one nature or essence in God, but three h...
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HYPOSTASIS
kp-eb0712-013816-9596
HYPOTHECA, in the Civil Law, an obligation by which the effects of a debtor are made over to his creditor, in security of his debt. The word comes from the Greek ĩì¶ŵrM, a thing subject to some obligation, from the verb υ<ιroτιQr l μαι, suppono, 1 am subjected. As the hypotheca is an engagement procured on purpose for...
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HYPOTHECA
kp-eb0712-013901-9609
HYPOTHENUSE, in Geometry, the longest side of a right-angled triangle, or that which subtends the right angle.
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HYPOTHENUSE
kp-eb0712-013902-9609
HYPOTHESIS, formed from ùwo, under, and Ss¾ positio, from π⅜,ω∕, pono, I put, is a proposition or principle which we suppose, or take for granted, in order to draw conclusions for the proof of a point in question. Every conditional or hypothetical proposition may be distinguished into hypothesis and thesis. The first ...
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HYPOTHESIS
kp-eb0712-013903-9609
HYPOTRACHELION, in Architecture, is used for a little frize in the Tuscan and Doric capital, between the astragal and annulets, and which is also called the colerin and gorgerin. The word is applied by some authors in a more general sense, to the neck of any column, or that part of its capital below the astragal.
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HYPOTRACHELION
kp-eb0712-013904-9609
HYPSISTARH (formed from iA f msτος, highest), a sect of heretics in the fourth century, who were so called from the profession they made of worshipping the Most High God. The doctrine of the Hypsistarians may be considered as an assemblage of Paganism, Judaism, and Christianity. They adored the Most High God with the ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
HYPSISTARH
kp-eb0712-013905-9609
HYRCANIA, in Ancient Geography, a country of the Farther Asia, lying to the south-east of the Mare Hyrcanum or Caspium ; with Media on the west, Parthia on the south, and Margiana on the east.
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HYRCANIA
kp-eb0712-013906-9609
HYSTERICAL Affection, or Passion (formed from ùd’rs£a, womb), a disease in women, called also suffocation of the womb, and vulgarly fits of the mother. It is a spas-modicoconvulsive affection of the nervous system, proceeding from the womb.
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HYSTERICAL
kp-eb0712-013907-9609
HYSTERON Pkoteron, in Grammar and Rhetoric, a species of the hyperbaton, in which the proper order of construction is so inverted, that the part of any sentence which should naturally come first is placed last. Thus in Terence, Valet et vivit, for vivit et valet ; and in Virgil, Moriamur, et in media arma ruamus, for I...
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HYSTERON
kp-eb0712-014001-9622
I or i, the ninth letter and third vowel of the alphabet, is pronounced by throwing the breath suddenly against the palate, as it conies out of the larynx, with a small hollowing of the tongue, and nearly the same opening of the lips as in pronouncing a or e. Its sound varies; in some wordsit is long, as high, mind ; i...
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I
kp-eb0712-014002-9622
IAMBIC, in ancient poetry, a sort of verse, so called from its consisting either wholly, or in a great measure, of iambuses. See Iambus. Ruddiman makes two kinds of iambic verse, viz. dimeter and trimeter; the former containing four feet, and the latter six. And as to the variety of feet, they consist wholly of iambus...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
IAMBIC
kp-eb0712-014003-9622
IAMBUS, in the Greek and Latin prosody, a poetical foot, consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one; as in ⏑– ⏑– ⏑– ⏑– Θττν, λιγω, Dei, meas. “ Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,” as Horace expresses it; and he also calls the iambus a swift, rapid foot, pes citus. The word, according to some, to...
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IAMBUS
kp-eb0712-014004-9622
IBERIA, Spain, so called by the ancients, from the river Iberus or Ebro. Iberia was also the name of an inland country of Asia, having to the west Colchis, with part of Pontus; to the north Mount Caucasus; on the east Albania; and on the south Armenia Magna. It is now the western part of Georgia.
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IBERIA
kp-eb0712-014005-9622
IBYCUS, a Greek lyric poet who flourished 550 b. c., and of whose works there are only a few fragments remaining. It is said that he was assassinated by robbers, and that when dying he called upon some cranes he saw flying past to bear witness. Not long afterwards one of the murderers seeing some cranes, said to his co...
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IBYCUS
kp-eb0712-014006-9622
ICE, a solid, transparent, and brittle body, formed of some fluid, particularly water, by means of cold. Μ. Lemery observes, that ice is only a re-establishment of the parts of water in their natural state; that the mere absence of fire is sufficient to account for this re-establishment; and that the fluidity of water...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ICE
kp-eb0712-014201-9648
ICEBERGS are large bodies of ice filling the valleys between the high mountains in northern latitudes. Among the most remarkable are those of the east coast of Spitzbergen. The glaciers of Switzerland seem contemptible when compared to these, but present often a similar front into some lower valley. At times immense fr...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ICEBERGS
kp-eb0712-014202-9648
ICELAND, one of the largest islands in Europe (being little inferior, in point of superficial extent, to Ireland), is situated in the north part of the Atlantic Ocean, between the 63d and 67th degrees of north latitude, and the 12th and 25th degrees of west longitude. Its extreme length from east to west is about 280 m...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ICELAND
kp-eb0712-014801-9726
ICENI, the ancient name of the people of Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire, in England.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ICENI
kp-eb0712-014802-9726
ICHNOGRAPHY, in perspective, the view of any thing cut off by a plane parallel to the horizon, just at the base of it. The word is derived from the Greek ∕χwf, footstep, and γοαφω, I write, as being a description of the footsteps or traces of a work. Amongst painters it signifies a description of images or of ancient s...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ICHNOGRAPHY
kp-eb0712-014901-9739
ICHOR properly signifies a thin watery humour like serum, but is sometimes used for a thicker kind flowing from ulcers, called also sanies.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ICHOR
kp-eb0712-014902-9739
ICHTHYOCOLLA, Isinglass, a preparation from the fish known by the name of huso. The word is Greek, formed of 7χSυj, fish, and %oλλα, glue. The method of making isinglass was long a secret in the hands of the Russians. The following account of it was published by Mr Humphrey Jackson, in the 63d volume of the Philosophic...
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ICHTHYOCOLLA
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ICHTHYOLOGY.^[1. From lχ,Sυs, a fish, and λeγβf, a discourse. ] INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER. SECT. I.—DEFINITION AND GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. THE PRINCIPAL EPOCHS IN THE SCIENCE OF ICHTHYOLOGY. Fishes may be technically defined as vertebrated animals with red blood, breathing through the medium of water by means of branchia o...
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ICHTHYOLOGY
kp-eb0712-024001-0922
ICHTHYOPHAGI, Fish-eaters, a name given to those who lived wholly on fishes. The word is Greek, being compounded of ίγβνς, piscis, fish, and <ραγeiv, edere, to eat. This name or term has been applied to different people. The Ichthyophagi spoken of by Ptolemy are placed by Sanson in the provinces of Nanking and Xantong...
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ICHTHYOPHAGI
kp-eb0712-024002-0922
ICHTHYPERIA, a term in Natural History, applied to the bony palates and mouths of fishes, usually met with either fossil, in single pieces, or in fragments. They are of the same substance with the bufonitae; and are of various figures, some being broad and short, others longer and slender, some gibbose, and others plai...
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ICHTHYPERIA
kp-eb0712-024003-0922
ICKENILD Street is that old Roman highway, so denominated from the Icemans, which extended from Yarmouth in Norfolk, the eastern part of the kingdom of the Iceni, to Barley in Hertfordshire, giving name in the way to several villages, as Ickworth, Icklingham, and Ickleton, in that kingdom. From Barley to Royston it div...
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ICKENILD
kp-eb0712-024004-0922
ICOLMKIL. See Iona.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ICOLMKIL
kp-eb0712-024005-0922
ICONIUM, at present Cogni, formerly the capital of Lycaonia in Asia Minor. St Paul, proceeding to Iconium (Acts, xiii. 51, xiv. 1), in the year of Christ 45, there converted many Jews and Gentiles. It is believed, that in his first journey to this city he converted St Thecla, so celebrated in the writings of the ancien...
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ICONIUM
kp-eb0712-024006-0922
ICONOCLASTES, or Iconoclastae, breakers of images; a name given to all those who reject the use of images in religious matters. The word is Greek, formed from s∕κwι∕, imago, image, and κλα<m∕v, rumpere, to break. In this sense, not only the reformed, but some of the eastern churches, are called Iconoclastes, and estee...
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ICONOCLASTES
kp-eb0712-024101-0935
ICONOGRAPHIA (derived from ι∕xωv, image, and ygapω, I describe), the description of images or ancient statues of marble and copper, also of busts and semi-busts, penates, paintings in fresco, mosaic works, and ancient pieces of miniature.
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ICONOGRAPHIA
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ICONOLATRAE, or Iconolaters, or Iconoduli. See Iconoclastes.
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ICONOLATRAE
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ICOSAHEDRON, in Geometry, a regular solid, consisting of twenty triangular pyramids, the vertices of which meet in the centre of a sphere supposed to circumscribe it, and therefore have their height and bases equal; wherefore the solidity of one of these pyramids multiplied by twenty, the number of bases, gives the sol...
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ICOSAHEDRON
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ICOSANDRIA (from irxοδι, twenty, and avrç¢, a man or husband), the name of the twelfth class in Linnaeus’s sexual method, consisting of plants with hermaphrodite flow ers, which are furnished with twenty or more stamina, that are inserted into the inner side of the calyx or petals. See Botany.
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ICOSANDRIA
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ICTINUS, a celebrated Greek architect, who lived about 430 B. c., built several magnificent temples, and amongst others that of Minerva at Athens.
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ICTINUS
kp-eb0712-024106-0935
IDA, in Ancient Geography, a mountain situated in the [7:12:242]heart of Crete, being the highest in the island, round, and in compass about sixty stadia (Strabo); the nursing place of Jupiter, and where his tomb was visited in Varro’s time. There was another Ida, a mountain of Mysia, or rather a chain of mountains, ex...
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IDA
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IDALIUM, in Ancient Geography, a promontory on the eastern side of Cyprus; now Capo di Griego. It was sacred to Venus, and hence the epithet Idalia given her by the poets.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
IDALIUM
kp-eb0712-024202-0948
IDEA, defined by some to be the reflex perception of objects, after the original impression has been made on the mind. In common language, it is used as synonymous with notion or conception.
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IDEA
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IDENTITY denotes that by which a thing is itself, and not any thing else; in which sense identity differs from similitude as well as diversity.
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IDENTITY
kp-eb0712-024204-0948
IDES, in the ancient Roman calendar, were eight days in each month, the first of which fell on the 15th of March, May, July, and October; and the 13th day of the other months of the year. The origin of the word is contested. Some suppose it to have been formed from 7δ≡∕v, to see, because the full moon was commonly seen...
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IDES
kp-eb0712-024205-0948
IDIOCY, a defect of understanding. Both idiocy and lunacy excuse from the guilt of crimes. For the rule of law as to lunatics, which may also be easily adapted to idiots, is, that furiosus furore solum punitur.. In criminal cases, therefore, idiots and lunatics are not chargeable for their own acts, if committed when u...
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IDIOCY
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IDIOM, amongst grammarians, properly signifies the peculiar genius of each language, but is often used in a sense synonymous with dialect. The word is Greek, !διωμa, propriety, formed from ίδιος, proper, own.
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IDIOM
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IDIOPATHY, in Physic, a disorder peculiar to a certain part of the body, and not arising from any preceding disease; in which sense it is opposed to sympathy. Thus, an epilepsy is idiopathic when it happens merely through some fault in the brain, and sympathetic when it is the consequence of some other disorder. 1DIOS...
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IDIOPATHY
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IDIOT, or Ideot, in our laws, denotes a natural fool, or a fool from his birth. See Idiocy. The word is originally Greek, iδιωrτ l ς, which primarily imports a private person, or one who leads a private life, without any share or concern in the government of affairs. Idiot is also used, by ancient writers, to signify...
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IDIOT
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IDLENESS, a reluctance in people to be employed in any kind of work. Idleness in any person whatsoever is a high offence against the public economy. In China it is a maxim, that if there be a man who does not work, or a woman that is idle, in the empire, somebody mu 1 ,i suffer cold or hunger upon that account, the pr...
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IDLENESS
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IDOL, in pagan mythology, an image or fancied representation of any of the heathen gods. This image, of whatsoever materials it might consist, was, by certain ceremonies called consecration, converted into a god; but whilst under the artificer’s hand, it was only a mere statue. Three things were necessary to turn it in...
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IDOL
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IDOLATRY, or the worship of idols, may be distinguished into two sorts. By the first, men adore the works of God, the sun, the moon, the stars, angels, daemons, men, and animals; by the second, men worship the work of their own hands, as statues, pictures, and the like: but to these may be added a third, that by which ...
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IDOLATRY
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IDOMENEUS, in fabulous history, succeeded his father Deucalion on the throne of Crete. He accompanied the Greeks to the Trojan war with a fleet of ninety ships. During this celebrated war he rendered himself famous by his valour, and slaughtered many of the enemy. At his return from the Trojan war, he made a vow to Nep...
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IDOMENEUS
kp-eb0712-024401-0974
IDRIA, a city of the Austrian government of Laybach, in the circle of Adelsburg. It is on the river Idrizza, in a mountainous district, where are some of the richest mines of quicksilver in Europe, which have received greater activity from the neglected state of the similar mines at Almaden in Spain. The city contains ...
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46 0' 48" N 15 3' 45" E
IDRIA
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IDSTEIN, a bailiwick of the principality of Nassau, in Germany. It extends over about 82,000 acres, and contains 13,500 inhabitants, of whom about 7000 are Catholics and 6000 Lutherans, with a few Menonites, and some Jews. It contains two cities and twenty-nine villages. The capital is a small city of the same name. It...
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IDSTEIN
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IDUMAEA. See Edom.
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IDUMAEA
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IDYLLION, in ancient poetry, properly signifies any poem of moderate extent, without considering the subject. But as the collection of the poems of Theocritus was called Idyllia, and the pastoral pieces being by far the best in that collection, the term Idyllion seems to be now appropriated to pastoral pieces.
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IDYLLION
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IF, an islandof France, in Provence, and the mosteastern of the three before the harbour of Marseilles. It is well fortified, and its port is one of the best in the Mediterranean.
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IF
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IFSHWAR, a town of Hindustan, in the Mahratta territories, in the province of Malwah, thirty miles southwest from Bopal∙ Long. 77. 8. E. Lat. ,23. 24. N.
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IFSHWAR
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IGLAU, a circle of the Austrian province of Moravia, extending over 1110 square miles, comprehending thirty-five cities and towns, 469 villages and hamlets, 23,312 houses, and 146,189 inhabitants. The chief place is a city of the same name, situated on the river Iglawa. It is well built, and surrounded with walls; cont...
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49 23' 23" N 15 30' 55" E
IGLAU
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IGLESIAS, a city in the island of Sardinia, in the province of Cagliari, the see of a bishop. It is finely situated amongst limestone hills, and abundantly watered by various springs; and the surrounding country is highly productive of corn, wine, and fruits. The population in 1826 amounted to 9545 persons.
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IGLESIAS
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IGNATIA, a genus of plants belonging to the pentandria class. See Botany, Index.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
IGNATIA
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IGNATIUS Loyola, the founder of the order of Jesuits, was born atthe castle of Loyola, in Biscay, in the year 1491. He became, first, page to Ferdinand V. king of Spain, and then an officer in the army. In the latter capacity he signalized himself by his valour, and was wounded in both legs at the siege of Pampeluna in...
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IGNATIUS
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IGNIS Fatuus, a kind of light, supposed to be of an electrical nature, appearing frequently in mines, marshy places, and near stagnant waters. It was formerly thought to have something ominous in its nature, and to presage death and other misfortunes. There have been instances of people being decoyed by these lights in...
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IGNIS
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IGNITION properly signifies setting fire to any substance; but the sense is sometimes limited to that kind of burning which is not accompanied with flame, such as - that of charcoal, cinders, metals, stones, and other solid substances. For the explanation of the phenomena of ignition, see Chemistry.
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IGNITION
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IGNOBILES, amongst the Romans, was the designation of those persons who had no right of using pictures and statues. See Jus Imaginis.
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IGNOBILES
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IGNOMINIA, a species of punishment amongst the Romans, by which the offender suffered public shame, either by virtue of the praetor’s edict, or by order of the censor. This punishment, besides the disgrace, deprived the party of the privilege of bearing any offices, and of almost all the other rights of a Roman citizen...
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IGNOMINIA
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IGNORAMUS, in Law, is a word properly used by the grand inquest impannelled in the inquisition of causes criminal and public, and written upon the bill, by which any crime is offered to their consideration, when they mislike the evidence, as defective, or too weak to make good the presentment; the effect of which word ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
IGNORAMUS
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IGNORANCE, the privation or absence of knowledge. The causes of ignorance, according to Locke, are chiefly these three; first, want of ideas; secondly, want of a discoverable connection between those ideas we have; and, thirdly, want of tracing and examining our ideas. Ignorance, in a more particular sense, is used to...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
IGNORANCE
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IGUALADA, a town of Spain, in the province of Catalonia, with 12,000 inhabitants. It is situated near the celebrated monastery of Montserrat, and has a strong castle, which was long occupied by the French during the Peninsular war. It has a very large manufactory of firearms. Lat. 4L 35. N.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
IGUALADA
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IKERY, formerly a town of the south of India, and province of Mysore, of great note, and said by the natives, with their usual exaggeration, to have contained 100,000 inhabitants. It was for a long period the residence and capital of a dynasty of Hindu princes, whose coins are still in existence. It is now in ruins, no...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
14 6' N 76 7' E
IKERY
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ILA, Ilay, or Islay, a large island belonging to Argyleshire, and the most southerly of those called the Hebrides. It lies in a westerly direction from the peninsula of Kintyre, distant from it about twelve miles, and is separated on the north from the island of Jura by a small channel. It is twenty-eight miles in leng...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILA
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ILANCE, a town of Switzerland, in the canton of the Grisons. Though small, it is a kind of capital, being the place where the authorities of the canton assemble. It is in a most picturesque situation, at the foot of a mountain, where the river Glenner falls into the Rhine. It has little or no trade, and the population ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILANCE
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ILBESSAN, a city of European Turkey, the capital of the circle of that name, in the province of Rumelia. It is situated on the river Uschkowobin, on a fruitful plain, is the seat < f a Greek bishop, has a castle which repelled the attacks of Scanderbeg, and 3000 inhabitants.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILBESSAN
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ILCHESTER, a small borough town of the county of Somerset, in the hundred of Tintinhull, 122 miles from London. It stands upon the river Ivel, one of the branches of the Parel, which is navigable within three miles of the town. It was once a fortified city, and the remains of the Roman fortifications may still be trace...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILCHESTER
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ILDEFONSO, a town of Spain, in the province of Segovia. It is situated on the northern declivity of the Guadarama Mountains, 3000 feet above the level of the sea. It contains about 5000 inhabitants, who are mostly employed in making glass in a royal manufactory, which during the Peninsular war was abandoned, but has si...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILDEFONSO
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ILERDA, in Ancient Geography, the capital of the Hi-gertes, situated on an eminence between the rivers Sicois and Cinga; a city often besieged and often taken, because exposed to incursions from Gaul, and under Gallienus destroyed by the Germans. Herda, now Lerida, on the river Segre.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILERDA
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ILEX, the holm or holly-tree, a genus of plants belonging to the tetrandria class, and in the natural method ranking under the forty-third order, Dumosce. See Botany.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILEX
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ILFORD, a hamlet properly, but really a town, of the county of Essex, in the hundred of Beacontree. It is within the parish of Barking, but is a chapelry, with its own church. It stands on the great road from London to Yarmouth and Ipswich, at the distance of seven miles from Whitechapel church. The river Roding runs t...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILFORD
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ILFRACOMBE, a port and market-town of the county of Devon, 202 miles from London, in the hundred of Braunton. It is situated on the Bristol Channel, with a good harbour, but dry at low water. It is much visited for sea bathing, and is the principal passage from Devonshire to South Wales. The inhabitants amounted in 180...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILFRACOMBE
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ILIAC Passion, a violent and dangerous kind of colic, which takes its name from the intestine ilion, on account of its being usually affected in this distemper; or perhaps from the Greek verb hλsΛ, to wind or twist ; and hence also it is by the Latins called volvulus. See Medicine.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILIAC
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ILIAD, the name of an ancient epic poem on the subject of the taking of Troy, being the first and best of the epics composed by Homer. The Iliad is divided into twenty-four books or rhapsodies, which are marked with the letters of the alphabet. 1LIMSK, a town of Asiatic Russia, situated on the Him, which falls into th...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILIAD
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ILISSUS, a river to the east of Athens, which, uniting with the Eridanus on the west side, falls into the sea below the city. It was sacred to the muses, called Iliassi-des ; and on its bank stood their altar, where the lustration in the lesser mysteries was usually performed.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILISSUS
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ILIUM, or Ilion, in Ancient Geography, a name for the city of Troy, but most commonly used by the poets, and distinguished by the epithet Vetus, ancient. According to Strabo, the ancient city was thirty stadia farther east than New Ilium. The position of the latter is, according to Dr Clarke, upon a low eminence, about...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILIUM
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ILKESTON, a town of the county of Derby, in the hundred of Morleston and Litchurch, 126 miles from London. It is a place of manufacturing industry. The population amounted in 1801 to 2422, in 1811 to 2970, in 1821 to 3681, and in 1831 to 4446.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILKESTON
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ILLECEBRUM, a genus of plants belonging to the pentandria class, and in the natural method ranking under the twelfth order, Holoraceae. See Botany. 1LLE-Vilaine, a department of the north of France, on the sea coast, formed out of a part of the ancient province of Normandy. It extends in north latitude from 47. 39. to ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ILLECEBRUM