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kp-eb0716-034412-1337
OPHIOMANCY, in Antiquity, the art of predicting future events from the motions or habits of serpents. Thus Calchas, on seeing a serpent devour eight sparrows, with their dam, foretold the duration of the siege of Troy; and the seven coils of a serpent which was seen on the tomb of Anchises were interpreted to mean the ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
OPHIOMANCY
kp-eb0716-034413-1337
OPHIR, a country mentioned in Scripture, from whence Solomon received great quantities of gold in ships which he sent out for that purpose. The difficulty, however, is, where to fix its situation. Some have gone in search of it to the West, others to the East Indies, and a few to the eastern coast of Africa. Mr Bruce p...
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OPHIR
kp-eb0716-034414-1337
OPHITES, in Ecclesiastical History, Christian heretics, so called both from the veneration they had for the serpent which tempted Eve, and the worship they paid to a real serpent. They pretended that the serpent was Jesus Christ, and that he taught men the knowledge of good and evil. They distinguished between Jesus an...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
OPHITES
kp-eb0716-034415-1337
OPHTHALMOSCOPY, a branch of physiognomy, which deduces the knowledge of a man’s temper and character from the appearance of his eyes.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
OPHTHALMOSCOPY
kp-eb0716-034416-1337
OPIATES, medicines which are administered to procure sleep, whether in the form of electuaries, drops, or pills.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
OPIATES
kp-eb0716-034417-1337
OPINION is that judgment which the mind forms of any proposition, for the truth or falsehood of which there is not sufficient evidence to produce science or absolute belief. That the three angles of a plane triangle are equal to two right angles, is not a matter of opinion, nor can it with propriety be called an object...
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OPINION
kp-eb0716-034501-1350
OPIUM, in the Materia Medica, is an inspissated juice, obtained from the capsule of the white poppy; it is partly of the resinous and partly of the gummy kind, and possesses also a narcotic principle.
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OPIUM
kp-eb0716-034502-1350
OPOCALPASUM, Opocarbasum, or Apocalpasum, a gummy, resinous substance, which has a strong resemblance to liquid myrrh, and which in the time of Galen was mixed with myrrh. According to this writer, it was difficult to distinguish the one from the other except by their effects, the former being of a poisonous nature, an...
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OPOCALPASUM
kp-eb0716-034503-1350
OPORIO, or Porto, a city of Portugal, usually considered as the northern capital of that kingdom, and one of the most important commercial places of the peninsula. It is situated in the province Entre Douro and Minho, at the mouth of the latter river. The land near the mouth of the river is generally low, but the city,...
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OPORIO
kp-eb0716-034601-1363
OPPELN forms one of three provincial governments of Prussia, into which the province of Silesia is divided. It is bounded on the north by the government of Breslau, on the east by the kingdom of Poland and the republic of Cracow, on the south-east by Gallicia, on the south and south-west by Moravia, or rather Austrian ...
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OPPELN
kp-eb0716-034602-1363
OPPIAN, a Greek poet, was born at Corycia or Anazarba, in Cilicia, towards the close of the reign of Marcus Aurelius. His father, Agésilas, held a distinguished rank in the senate of his native place, not so much on account of his birth or his riches, as the credit he obtained for the extent of his knowledge and his lo...
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OPPIAN
kp-eb0716-034701-1376
OPPIDO, a city of Italy, in the province of Calabria Ulteriore I., in the kingdom of Naples. It stands on a hill between lhe rivers Modena and Trecosio, is the see of a bishop, and contains a cathedral and three other churches, with 6000 inhabitants. It suffered most severely in the earthquake of 1783, when nearly one ...
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OPPIDO
kp-eb0716-034702-1376
OPPILATION, in Medicine, the act of obstructing or stopping up the passage of the body, by redundant or peccant humours. This word is used chiefly to denote obstructions in the lower intestines.
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OPPILATION
kp-eb0716-034703-1376
OPOUN, the most easterly of the Navigators’ Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean. Long. 169. 7. W. Lat. 14.7. S.
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14 7' S 169 7' W
OPOUN
kp-eb0716-034704-1376
OPTATIVE Mood, in Grammar, that which serves to express a desire or wish for something. In most languages, except the Greek, the optative is expressed by prefixing to the subjunctive a conjunction, which, with the verb, expresses the thing wished tor, leaving the mind to supply the verb indicative of desire; as utinam ...
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OPTATIVE
kp-eb0716-034705-1376
OPTIC Angle, the angle which the optic axes of both eyes make with one another, as they tend to meet at some distance before the eyes. Optic Axis, the axis of the eye, or a line going through the middle of the pupil and the centre of the eye. [7:16:348]
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OPTIC
kp-eb0716-034801-1389
OPTICS. Optics, from the Greek word όπτομαι, which signifies to see, is the name given to that branch of natural philosophy which treats of the nature and properties of light; of the changes which it suffers either in its qualities or in its course when transmitted through bodies, when reflected from their surfaces, o...
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OPTICS
kp-eb0716-051401-3547
OPTIMATES, one of the divisions of the Roman people, and opposed to populares. It is not easy to ascertain the characteristic differences of these two parties. Some say the optimates were warm supporters of the dignity of the chief magistrate, and promoters of the grandeur of the state, caring not if the inferior membe...
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OPTIMATES
kp-eb0716-051402-3547
OPTIO, an officer in the Roman army, who was an assistant or lieutenant to the centurion. The optio was so called because in later times he was the choice or option of the centurion; at first, however, he derived his appointment from the tribune or commander of the legion. Sometimes the optiones were also called succen...
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OPTIO
kp-eb0716-051403-3547
OR, the French word for gold, by which this metal is expressed in heraldry. In engraving it is denoted by small points all over the field or bearing.
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OR
kp-eb0716-051404-3547
ORA, in Antiquity, was a term equivalent to ounce; but it has been much debated amongst our antiquaries, whether the ora, the mention of which so often occurs, was a coin, or only money of account. Dr Hickes observes, that the mode of reckoning money by marcs and oras was never known in England until after the settleme...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORA
kp-eb0716-051405-3547
ORACLE, amongst the heathens, was the answer which the gods were supposed to give to those who consulted them upon any affair of importance. It is also used for the god who was thought to give the answer, and for the place where the response was given. [7:16:515] The credit of oracles was so great that in all doubts a...
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ORACLE
kp-eb0716-051701-3586
ORAEA, certain solemn sacrifices of fruits, which were offered in the four seasons of the year, in order to obtain mild and temperate weather. They were offered to the goddesses who presided over the seasons, attended upon the sun, and received divine worship at Athens.
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ORAEA
kp-eb0716-051702-3586
ORAL, something delivered by word of mouth, without being committed to writing. In this sense we say oral law, oral tradition, oral communication, and the like.
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ORAL
kp-eb0716-051703-3586
ORAN, Warran, Auran, or Guharan, a famous maritime city of Algiers, and the most westerly in the regency. It is built on the declivity and along the foot of a high mountain, which overlooks it from the north and northwest; and on this ridge are planted two castles, commanding the city on the one side and the port on th...
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ORAN
kp-eb0716-051801-3599
ORANGE, an arrondissement of the department of the Vaucluse, in France, extending over 406 square miles. It comprehends seven cantons, divided into fifty communes, and contains 69,443 inhabitants. The capital, a city of the same name, is the seat of a bishop, and of some courts of law. It stands on a fruitful plain, wa...
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ORANGE
kp-eb0716-051802-3599
ORANGE River, a large river of Southern Africa, which derives its origin from the waters of the Snowy Mountains, in the district of Graaf-Reynet, nearly at the north-eastern extremity of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope. It is formed chiefly by two rivers, the Ky Gariep or Yellow River, and the Nu Gariep or Black Ri...
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ORANGE
kp-eb0716-051803-3599
ORATION, in Rhetoric, a speech or harangue, composed according to the rules of oratory, but spoken in public.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORATION
kp-eb0716-051804-3599
ORATOR, amongst the Romans, differed from a patronus. The latter was allowed only to plead causes on behalf of his clients; whereas the former might quit the forum, and ascend the rostra or tribunal, to harangue the senate or the people. The orators had rarely a profound knowledge of the law; but they were eloquent, an...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORATOR
kp-eb0716-051805-3599
ORATORIO, in Music,a. kind of sacred drama, in which the poetry is derived from some scriptural, subject, and is set to music in recitatives, airs, duetts, trios, quartetts, &c. and choruses, accompanied by an orchestra, sometimes an organ, and introduced by an instrumental overture. The origin of the oratorio is not c...
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ORATORIO
kp-eb0716-051806-3599
ORATORY, the art of speaking well upon any subject, so as to persuade or convince. See Rhetoric. Oratory, amongst the Roman Catholics, means a closet or small apartment near a bed-chamber, furnished with an altar and crucifix, for private devotions.
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ORATORY
kp-eb0716-051807-3599
ORBE, a small city of Switzerland, in the canton of Vaud, on the river of the same name, across which there is a stone bridge. It contains 280 houses, with 1400 inhabitari ts. Anciently it was one of the largest of the cities in the country, and in the time of the Romans was, under the name of Urbigenum, the capital of...
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ORBE
kp-eb0716-051808-3599
ORCHARD, a department in gardening, allotted entirely to the growth of standard fruit-trees, for furnishing a large supply of the most useful kinds of fruit. See Horticulture.
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ORCHARD
kp-eb0716-051809-3599
ORCHESTRA, in Music. See the article Music. [7:16:519] Orchestra, in the Grecian theatres, was that part of proscenium or stage where the chorus used to dance. In the middle of it was placed the Aoys∕ov or pulpit. The orchestra was semicircular, and surrounded with seats. In the Roman theatres it formed no part of the...
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ORCHESTRA
kp-eb0716-051901-3612
ORCHESTRINO, a modern musical instrument, so ∣called by its inventor Poulleau. It was shaped like a piano-forte, had similar finger-keys, and its sounds were produced by the friction of a circular bow upon the strings. It imitated the tones of the violin, the viola, the violoncello, the viol d’amour, the double-bass, &...
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ORCHESTRINO
kp-eb0716-051902-3612
ORCHESTRION, a musical instrument invented by the Abbé Vogler about 1789. It was a kind of portable organ, about nine feet in height, breadth, and depth. Its power was that of an organ of sixteen feet pipe, and it had a mechanism to swell or to diminish all the sounds within its compass. Another instrument of the same ...
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ORCHESTRION
kp-eb0716-051903-3612
ORCHIA Lex, Instituted by Orehius the tribune, in the year of Rome 566. Its intention was to limit the number of guests who were to be admitted at an entertainment; and it is also provided that, during supper, which was the principal meal amongst the Romans, the doors of every house should be left open.
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ORCHIA
kp-eb0716-051904-3612
ORCHILLA, or Horchilla, a small cluster of islands in the West Indies, situated not far from the coast of South America, in latitude 12. north, and longitude 65. 20. west. The largest island, which bears the form of a crescent, is very hilly on the east and west capes, and here trees and . ’ erdure abound; but the othe...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORCHILLA
kp-eb0716-051905-3612
ORCHON, a river of Chinese Tartary, which has its ise on the confines on the great desert of Shamo, and falls nto the Selingha. Long. 106. 14. E. Lat. 50. N.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
50 N 106 14' E
ORCHON
kp-eb0716-051906-3612
ORCUS, the god of the infernal regions, was the same with Pluto, and so called from the Greek word οζχος, signifying a tomb or sepulchre; or from δpuις, an oath sworn by he river Styx. The ancients gave this name to all the dimities of the infernal regions, even to Cerberus. There was river of the same name in Thessaly...
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ORCUS
kp-eb0716-051907-3612
ORDEAL, an ancient form of trial. It consisted in an appeal to the immediate interposition of divine power, being particularly distinguished by the appellation of judicium Deiς and was sometimes called purgatio vulgaris, to distinguish it from the canonical purgation, which was by the oath of the party. Two kinds of th...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORDEAL
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ORDER, in Architecture, is a system of the several members, ornaments, and proportions of columns and pilasters; or a regular arrangement of the projecting parts of a building, especially the column, so as to form one beautiful whole. See Architecture. Order is also used to signify a division or class of any thing. Thu...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORDER
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ORDINAL Numbers, those which express order, as 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, and so on.
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ORDINAL
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ORDINANCE, or Ordonnance, means a law, statute, or command of a sovereign or superior. Thus the acts of parliament are sometimes termed “ordinances of parliament,” as in the parliament rolls; although in some cases we find a difference made between the two, ordinances being only temporary things, by way of prohibition,...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORDINANCE
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ORDINARY, in general, signifies common, usual. Thus, an ambassador, or envoy, in ordinary, is one sent to reside statedly, and for a number of years, at the court of some foreign prince or state, in order to keep up a good understanding, and watch over the interest of his own nation. Ordinary, in nautical language, de...
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ORDINARY
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ORDINATES, in Geometry and Conics, are lines drawn from any point of the circumference of an ellipsis, or other conic section, perpendicularly across the axis, to the other side.
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ORDINATES
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ORDINATION, the act of conferring holy orders, or of initiating a person into the priesthood, by prayer and the imposition of hands. Ordination has always been esteemed a principal prerogative of bishops, and they still retain the function as a mark of spiritual sovereignty in their diocese. The ordination of bishops ...
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ORDINATION
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ORDNANCE, a general name for all sorts of great guns used in war. Master-General of the Ordnance is deemed the principal officer in the civil branch of the ordnance; yet he is always chosen from amongst the first generals in his majesty’s service. Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance receives all orders and warrants si...
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ORDNANCE
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ORDONNANCE, in architecture, is the composition of ⅛ ι ⅛yihiing, a ∏d the disposition of its parts, both with re-! gard j t0 jf the whole and to one another; or, as Mr Evelyn expresses it, determining the measure of what is assigned to Ae*⅛veral apartments. Thus ordonnance is the judicious contrivance of the plan or mo...
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ORDONNANCE
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ORE, a mineral body, partly or entirely composed of some metallic substance, in the natural state in which it exists in the earth. Metallic substances are found either native, that is, pure, and uncombined with other substances, or alloyed with other metals, or combined with oxygen or sulphur, or with acids. Thus it ap...
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ORE
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OREEHOUA, one of the smaller Sandwich Islands, which is a single high hummock, and is only separated from Onehow by a channel about a mile in width. The population is 4000.
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OREEHOUA
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OREGON Territory, a vast extent of country belonging to the United States of North America, and situated to the west of the Rocky Mountains. It is bounded on the north by the British and Russian possessions, the limits of neither power having been very clearly fixed. On the west it is bounded by the Pacific; on the sou...
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OREGON
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OREL, or Orlow, a government of Russia in Europe. It is situated in north latitude between 51. 49. and 54. 59. and in east longitude between 32. 49. and 38. 57., and extends over 16,610 square miles. It is divided into twelve circles, and contains 1,270,000 inhabitants. It is rather a level district, having no mountain...
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52 56' 40" N 35 52' 2" E
OREL
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ORELLANA, Francisco, the first European, as is commonly thought, who discovered the river Amazons. In 1539, he embarked, near Quito, upon the river Coca, which farther down takes the name of Napo. From this he fell in with another large river; and, leaving himself entirely to the direction of the current, he arrived at...
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ORELLANA
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ORENBURG, a government of Asiatic Russia, the most westerly of the whole, having on one side Russia in Europe, and on the other the government of Tobolsk. It is bounded on the south by Independent Tartary, and is traversed by the rude tribes of the Kirghisses and Kalmucks. The aspect of the country is mountainous, as i...
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51 46' N 52 31' 10" E
ORENBURG
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ORENSE, a city of Spain, in the province of Galicia. It is situated in the higher part of the country, through which the Minho flows, over which there is a magnificent bridge. It was known to the Romans by the name of Aqua Calida, on account of three fountains of warm water which rise near it. It is situated in a very ...
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ORENSE
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ORESTES, the only son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, was seven years old at the period of his father’s murder, when he was saved by his sister Electra, who sent him secretly to Strophius, prince of Phocis, who had married the sister of Agamemnon. Here he was educated with Pylades the son of Strophius, and afterwards pr...
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ORESTES
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ORFA, or Ourfa, a pachalik or division of Asiatic Turkey. It is almost entirely formed by the windings of the Euphrates and the river Khabour, and occupies a considerable portion of the most barren part of Mesopotamia. It touches on the north and east the pachalik of Diarbekir, and the dependencies of Malatea; and on t...
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36 50' N 38 25' E
ORFA
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ORFFYREUS’S Wheel is a machine so called from its inventor, who asserted it to be a perpetual motion. This machine, according to the account given of it by s’Gravesande, in his Oeuvres Philosophiques, consisted externally of a large circular wheel, or rather drum, twelve feet in diameter, and fourteen inches deep, bein...
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ORFFYREUS’S
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ORFORD, a borough and market town of the county of Suffolk, and hundred of Plomsgate. It is a part of the parish of Sudborne, though separated from it, and stands at the confluence of the river Ore and Alde, ninety miles from London. Orford was a place of some trade till its harbour became chocked up. It has a mayor, r...
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ORFORD
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ORGAL, amongst dycrs, denotes the lees of wine dried.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORGAL
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ORGAN, in general, is an instrument or machine designed for the production of some certain action or operation; in which sense the mechanical powers, machines, and even the veins, arteries, nerves, muscles, and bones of the human body, may be called organs. Organ, by far the most noble and imposing of all musical instr...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORGAN
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ORGANIST, a person who plays upon the organ. In Germany and Prussia, the requisites of a good organist are so many in point of musical education, and musical taste, and mechanical skill, that hardly any of the organists of other countries would venture to enter into competition with the German or Prussian organists. Al...
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ORGANIST
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ORGANO-LYRICON, a musical instrument invented at Paris in 1810, by Μ. de Saint Pern. Its height is about eight feet two inches English, its breadth six feet six and a half inches, its depth about four feet four inches. It consists of apiano-forte, coupled with twelve different windinstruments, viz. three kinds of flute...
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ORGANO-LYRICON
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ORGIA, feasts and sacrifices in honour of Bacchus, which were held every third year, and chiefly celebrated by wild, distracted women, called Pacchae. The chief solemnities were performed in the night, to conceal, perhaps, their shocking impurities; and a mountain was generally chosen as the place of celebration. They ...
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ORGIA
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ORGUES, in the military art, are thick long pieces of wood, pointed at one end, and shod with iron, which being kept clear one of another, hang each by a particular rope or cord, perpendicularly, over the gateway of a strong place, to be let fall in case of the approach of an enemy. Orgues is also used for a machine c...
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ORGUES
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ORGYA, δ%γυια, an ancient Grecian measure containing about six English feet.
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ORGYA
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ORIBASUS, a celebrated physician, greatly esteemed by the Emperor Julian, in whose reign he flourished. At the request of the emperor, he abridged the works of Galen, and of all the most respectable writers on physic; and he accompanied Julian into the East, but his skill proved ineffectual in the attempt to cure the f...
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ORIBASUS
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ORICHALCUM, or Aurichalcum, a metallic substance resembling gold in colour, but very inferior in value. It was well known to the Romans, who often took advantage of its resemblance to gold; for some sacrilegious characters, who could not resist the temptation of taking gold from temples and other public places, chose t...
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ORICHALCUM
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ORIENT, L ’, an arrondissement of the department of Morbihan, in France, which extends over 665 square miles, it comprehends eleven cantons, divided into fifty-two communes, and in 1836 it contained 133,307 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name. It is a fortified seaport, and a royal naval arsensal, sta...
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47 18' 11" N 3 30' W
ORIENT, L ’
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ORIGEN, a celebrated ecclesiastical winter, and one of .he greatest geniuses, as well as most learned men, of the church, during the third century, was born at Alexandria in the year 185. He was surnamed Adamantius, either rom his indefatigable application to study, or from the irmness he discovered amidst the torments...
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ORIGEN
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ORIGENIANS (Origeniam) were ancientheretics. Epi-phanus speaks of them as existing in his time; but their numbers, he says, were inconsiderable. He seems to fix their rise about the time of the great Origen; but he does not say that they derived their name from that distinguished father of the church. On the contrary, ...
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ORIGENIANS
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ORIGENISTS, in Ecclesiastical History, a Christian sect in the fourth century, so called from their deriving their opinions from the writings of Origen. The Origenists maintained that the souls of men existed in a prior state; that they were holy intelligences, and had sinned in heaven before the body was created; that...
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ORIGENISTS
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ORIGINAL, a draught or design of any thing, which serves as a model to be imitated or copied. Original Sin. See Theology.
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ORIGINAL
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ORILLON, in Fortification, a small rounding of earth, faced with a wall, and raised upon the shoulders of those bastions which have casemates, to cover the cannon in the retired flank, and prevent their being dismounted by the enemy.
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ORILLON
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ORINOCO, or Oronoko, a river of Colombia, in South America. Like all great rivers, its upper waters separate into several branches, and it does not appear that the main source has been ascertained with any degree of certainty. According to La Cruz d’Olmedilla, it issues from a small lake called Ypava, situated in north...
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ORINOCO
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ORION, in fabulous history, was the son of Jupiter, Neptune, and Mercury. As these gods were visiting the earth, they entered the house of Hyrieus, a native of Tanagra, in Boeotia, under the character of benighted travellers, on account of his being famed for hospitality to strangers. Hyrieus treated them in the best m...
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ORION
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ORISSA, an extensive province of Hindustan, in the Deccan, between the sixteenth and twenty-third degrees of north latitude. It has Bengal for its boundary to the north, to the south the river Godavery, to the east the Bay of Bengal, and to the west the province of Gundwana. It may be estimated from north-east to south...
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ORISSA
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ORISTANO, a city of the island of Sardinia, situated on the western side of the gulf or bay of that name. It is the seat of an archbishop, and has a cathedral, a nunnery, several monasteries, and a harbour about a mile from it, into which the river Oristano enters. The air is very impure. Oristano contains 4990 inhabit...
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ORISTANO
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ORIZAVA, a town of Mexico in the state of Vera Cruz. See the article Mexico
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORIZAVA
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ORKNEY Islands, or Orcades, a group of islands in the North Sea, belonging to and forming with the Zetland Islands one of the counties of Scotland. They are sepa [7:16:539]rated from Caithness by the Pentland Firth, a strait of about twelve miles in breadth, and are situated between the parallels 58. 44. and 59. 24. no...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORKNEY
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ORLE, Orlet, or Orlo i in Architecture, a fillet under the ovolo, or quarter round, of a capital. When it is at the top or bottom of a shaft, it is called cincture.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORLE
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ORLEANS, an arrondissement of the department of the Loiret, in France, extending over 1012 square miles. It comprises fourteen cantons, divided into 111 communes, and in 1836 contained 141,637 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name, being the seat of a bishop, and of the departmental boards of the govern...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
47 54' 10" N 1 49' 23" E
ORLEANS
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ORLOP, in nautical language, the uppermost space or deck in a great ship, reaching from the main to the mizen-mast. In three-deck ships, the second and lowest decks are sometimes called orlops.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORLOP
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ORME, Robert, the historian of British India, born at Anjengo, in Travancore, was the son of Dr Alexander Orme; and his mother was a Miss Hill, a sister of Mrs Robert Adams. He was sent to England at the age of two years, and placed under the care of Mrs Adams, who lived in Cavendish Square. His literary education com...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORME
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ORMEA, a city of the province of Mondovi, in the continental part of the kingdom of Sardinia, and situated on the river Tanaro. It is surrounded with old walls, and has a citadel, a collegiate church, and 800 ill-built houses, with 5460 inhabitants, who carry on an extensive trade in linens.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORMEA
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ORMOND, the northern division of the county of Tipperary, in the province of Munster, in Ireland. For a long time it gave the title of earl, and afterwards of marquis and duke, to the noble family of Butler, descended from a sister of St Thomas a Becket, archbishop of Canterbury; till, at the accession of George I. the...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORMOND
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ORMSKIRK, a market-town of the hundred of West Derby, in the county of Lancaster, twelve miles from Liverpool, and 210 from London. The parish is very extensive, comprehending six townships and one chapelry. The town is well built, consisting of four streets crossing each other at right angles. Its church is a handsome...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORMSKIRK
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ORMUZ, a barren island in the Persian Gulf, on which was formerly built a city, forming a vast emporium of Indian trade, and celebrated for its wealth and its extended commerce all over Asia. This island is about twelve miles in circumference, and resembles, when viewed from the sea, a mass of rocks and shells thrown u...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
27 8' N 56 40' E
ORMUZ
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ORNE, a department of France, formed out of the southern part of the ancient province of Normandy and a portion of the division of Perche. It lies between north latitude 48. 12. and 48. 58., and in longitude between 1.1. and 0. 50. west. It is bounded on the north by the departments of Calvados and Eure, on the east by...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORNE
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ORNITHIAE, a name given by the ancients to certain winds, which usually set in during the spring, at the time when the birds of passage came over to them. [7:16:545]
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORNITHIAE
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ORNITHOLOGY. Ornithology, from Sgνις, bird, and λόγος, discourse, is that department of Zoology which treats of the history and attributes of the feathered race. Birds form the second great division of the animal kingdom, being usually placed immediately after the Mammalia, and antecedent to the reptile class. They ma...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORNITHOLOGY
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ORNITHOMANCY, a species of divination performed by means of birds, being the same with augury.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORNITHOMANCY
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OROBIQ, Don Balthasar, a celebrated Hebrew of Spain. He was carefully educated in Judaism by his parents, who were Jews, though they outwardly professed themselves Catholics; abstaining from the practice of their religion in every thing, except only the fast of expiation, in the month Tisis or September. Orobio studied...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
OROBIQ
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ORONTES, a river of Syria, which has its rise near a small hill at the foot of Mount Lebanon, to the north of Damascus, not far from the source of the Jordan. The two rivers flow in opposite directions; the latter southward to Lake Asphaltites, the former to the north, till, near Antioch, it makes a circuit to the west...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORONTES
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OROPESA, a town of Bolivia, in South America, in the department of Cochabamba. The district in which it is situated is so well irrigated by rivers and streams, that it yields immense harvests of grain and other agricultural products. Oropesa, formerly the capital, and still a considerable place, is situated in a beauti...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
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OROPESA
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OROTAVA, a town of Teneriffe, one of the Canary Islands, in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is situated on a very steep declivity, and, from the great abundance of water[7:16:652] which runs through the principal streets, it has a very pleasant appearance at a distance. The spring of Agua Mansa, collected into two large r...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
OROTAVA
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ORPHEOREON, an instrument of the lute kind, and strung with eight wires. It is no longer used.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORPHEOREON
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ORPHEUS, a celebrated poet and musician, who lived at such an early period that his history is involved in fable, and many doubt if we have any facts respecting him on which dependence can be placed. According to the common mythology, he was a native of Thrace, being born in a cave at Pimpleia, a city of Pieria, which ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORPHEUS
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ORPIMENT (auripigmentum), a mineral composed of sulphur and arsenic, found native in the earth, and constituting one of the ores of arsenic, but sometimes artificially prepared.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
ORPIMENT