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kp-eb0717-074904-0824
PIRAEUS Portus, in Ancient Geography, a celebrated port to the west of Athens, consisting naturally of three harbours or basins, which lay neglected till Themistocles put the Athenians on making it a commodious port; the Phalerus, a small port, and not far from the city, being what they used before that time. The Pira...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PIRAEUS
kp-eb0717-075001-0837
PIRANO, a city of the Austrian government of Trieste, in the district of Capo d’Istria. It stands on a tongue of land in the Bay of Trieste, and contains 895 houses, with 6800 inhabitants, who are chiefly employed in the fisheries, or in making salt on the lagunes in their vicinity. Long. 13. 29. 4. E. Lat. 45. 29. 22....
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
45 29' 22" N 13 29' 4" E
PIRANO
kp-eb0717-075002-0837
PIRATE, πειξατης, a sea-robber, or an armed ship which roams the seas without any legal commission, and seizes or plunders every vessel she meets indiscriminately, whether friends or enemies.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PIRATE
kp-eb0717-075003-0837
PIRHALA, a town of Hindustan, in Lahore, tributary to the Afghan sovereigns of Caubul. It lies fifty-five miles east from the Indus. Long. 71.48. E. Lat. 32. 25. N.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
32 25' N 71 48' E
PIRHALA
kp-eb0717-075004-0837
PIRNA, a city of the kingdom of Saxony, in the circle of Meissen, and the capital of a bailiwick of its own name, which comprehends eleven cities and towns, and 170 villages, with 36,250 inhabitants. The city is situated upon the banks of the Elbe, is surrounded with walls, and contains three churches, an orphan-house,...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PIRNA
kp-eb0717-075005-0837
PIROMALLI, Paul, a Dominican of Calabria, was sent as a missionary to the East. He remained a long time in Armenia, where he had the happiness to bring back to the church many schismatics and Eutychians, and even the patriarch himself, who had before thrown every obstacle in his way. He afterwards passed into Georgia a...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PIROMALLI
kp-eb0717-075006-0837
PIRON, Alexis, a French poet, was born at Dijon in July 1689, where his father was an apothecary, and where he passed more than thirty years in idle and destructive dissipation. He was at length obliged to quit the place of his nativity, in order to avoid the reproaches of his fellowcitizens, on account of an ode which...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PIRON
kp-eb0717-075007-0837
PISA, a portion of Italy, once an independent state, but now one of the provinces of the grand duchy of Tuscany. It forms the north-west portion of that duchy, except a small part of Arovalle, and the whole sea-coast to the cape of the Apennines, which divides it from Maremma. In it is included also the Isle of Elba wi...
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43 43' 7" N 10 18' 10" E
PISA
kp-eb0717-075101-0850
PISCADORE or Ponghou Islands, a cluster of small islands in the North Pacific Ocean, in the channel of Formosa, about six leagues from the west coast of that island. According to Pérouse, they are a heap of rocks, which assume all kinds of shapes, and are totally barren, but have a good and sheltered harbour. The Chine...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PISCADORE
kp-eb0717-075102-0850
PISCINA, in Antiquity, a large basin in a public place or square, where the Roman youth learned to swim, and which was surrounded with a high wall, to prevent filth from being thrown into it. This word is also used for a lavatory amongst the Turks, placed in the middle court of a mosque or temple, where the Mussulmans ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PISCINA
kp-eb0717-075103-0850
PISISTRATUS, the son of Hippocrates, was descended from one of the most illustrious families of Athens, which claimed to derive their origin from Codrus, and through him traced their pedigree to Nestor and the Pylian kings. At the time that he began to take part in the political affairs of his country, there were three...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PISISTRATUS
kp-eb0717-075104-0850
PISMIRES, or Ants. See Ants.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PISMIRES
kp-eb0717-075105-0850
PISO, Lucius Calpurnius, surnamed the Frugal, on account of his parsimony, was descended of the illustrious family of the Pisos, which gave so many great men to the Roman republic. He was tribune of the people in the year 149 before Christ, and afterwards consul. During his tribuneship he published a law against the cr...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PISO
kp-eb0717-075106-0850
PISSASPHALTUM, or Asphaltum, Earth-pitch, a fluid, opaque, mineral body, of a thick consistence, strong smell, readily inflammable, but leaving a residuum of grayish ashes after burning. It arises out of the cracks of the rocks in several parts of the island of Sumatra, and some other places in the East Indies, where i...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PISSASPHALTUM
kp-eb0717-075107-0850
PISSELAEUM Indicum, Barbadoes Tar, a mineral fluid of the nature of the thicker bitumens, and of all others that which most approaches, in appearance, colour, and consistence, to the true pissasphaltum, though it differs from it in other respects. It frequently occurs in many parts of America, where it is found trickli...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PISSELAEUM
kp-eb0717-075108-0850
PISTACIA, TuRPENTiNE-TREE,-Pzstoi⅛α-wwiand Mastich tree, a genus of plants belonging to the dioecia class. Pistachia-nuts are moderately large, containing a kernel of a pale greenish colour, covered with a reddish skin. They have a pleasant, sweet, unctuous taste, resembling that of almonds; and they abound with a swee...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PISTACIA
kp-eb0717-075201-0863
PISTIL, amongst botanists, the little upright column which is generally found in the centre of every flower. According to the Linnaean system, it is the female part of generation, the office of which is to receive and secrete the pollen, and produce the fruit. It consists of three parts; the germen, stylus, and stigma....
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PISTIL
kp-eb0717-075202-0863
PISTOJA, a city of the duchy of Tuscany, in Italy, the capital of a district, called a vicariate, of the same name, in the circle of Florence. It stands on the river Om-brone, and is defended by walls and ditches. It is the see of a bishop, whose cathedral is abundantly furnished with holy relics. It contains many chur...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PISTOJA
kp-eb0717-075203-0863
PISTON, in pump-work, is a short cylinder of metal or other solid substance, fitted exactly to the cavity of the barrel or body of the pump. See Hydrodynamics.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PISTON
kp-eb0717-075204-0863
PISUM, Pease, a genus of plants belonging to the dia-dclphia class. See Horticulture.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PISUM
kp-eb0717-075205-0863
PITCAIRNE, Archibald, a physician of great eminence, was born at Edinburgh on the 25th of December 1652. FIis father, Alexander Pitcairne, who was engaged in trade, and became one of the city magistrates, derived his lineage from the ancient family of Pitcairne of Pitcairne in the county of Fife. His mother, whose name...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PITCAIRNE
kp-eb0717-075801-0941
PITCH, a tenacious oily substance, drawn chiefly from pines and firs, and used in shipping, medicine, and various arts; or it is more properly tar inspissated by boiling it over a slow fire.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PITCH
kp-eb0717-075802-0941
PITCHING, in naval affairs, maybe defined the vertical vibration which the length of a ship makes about her centre of gravity; or the movement by which she plunges her head and after-part alternately into the hollow of the sea. This motion may proceed from two causes; the waves which agitate the vessel, and the wind up...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PITCHING
kp-eb0717-075803-0941
PITHIVIERS, an arrondissement of the department of the Loiret, in France, extending over 475 square miles. It comprehends five cantons, divided into 108 communes, and contains 56,800 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name, situated in a fertile district, watered by the River Deuf. It contains 720 houses,...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
48 10' 26" N 2 10' 4" E
PITHIVIERS
kp-eb0717-075804-0941
PITHO, in fabulous history, the goddess of persuasion amongst the Romans. She was supposed to be the daughter of Mercury and Venus, and was represented with a diadem on her head, to intimate the influence she exercised over the hearts of men. One of her arms appeared raised in the attitude of an orator haranguing a pub...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PITHO
kp-eb0717-075805-0941
PITHOU, Peter, a Frenchman of great literary eminence, was descended from an ancient and noble family in Normandy, and born at Troyes in 1539. His taste for li terature early showed itself, and his father cultivated it to the utmost. He first studied at Troyes, and was subsequently sent to Paris, where he became the sc...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PITHOU
kp-eb0717-075901-0954
PITISCUS, Samuel, a learned philologist, was born at Zutphen, in Dutch Gueldres, and became rector of the college of that city, and afterwards of St Jerome at Utrecht, where he died on the 1st of February 1717, at the age of ninety. He wrote, 1. Lexico Latino-Belgicum, 1704, in 4to; 2. Lexico Antiquitatum Romanarum, in...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PITISCUS
kp-eb0717-075902-0954
PITKEATHLY, or Pitcaithly, a rural watering-place, much resorted to, in Perthshire.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PITKEATHLY
kp-eb0717-075903-0954
PITOT, Henry, descended of a noble family of Languedoc, was born at Aramont, in the diocese of Usez, on the 29th of May 1695, and died there on the 27th of December 1771, aged seventy-six. He studied the mathe-riiatics without a master, and went to Paris in 1718, where he formed a close friendship with the illustrious ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PITOT
kp-eb0717-075904-0954
PITS, John, the biographer, was born in 1560, at Aul-ton, in Hampshire, and educated at Wykeham’s school, near Winchester, where he remained until he was about eighteen years of age, when he was sent to New College, Oxford, and admitted a probationer fellow. Having continued in that university not quite two years, he l...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PITS
kp-eb0717-075905-0954
PITT, Christopher, an English poet, celebrated for his translation of Virgil’s Aeneid, was born in the year 1699. Having studied four years at New College, Oxford, he was presented to the living of Pimperne, in Dorsetshire, which he held during the remainder of his life. He had so poetical a turn, that whilst he was a ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PITT
kp-eb0717-077001-1097
PITT’S Island, a small mountainous island in the South Pacific Ocean, covered with wood. Long. 193.14. E. Lat. 11. 50. S. Pitt’s Straits, in the Eastern Seas, separate the islands of Salwatty and Battanta, at the western extremity of Papua or New Guinea, and extend from west-south-west to east-south-east about thirty ...
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11 50' S 193 14' E
PITT’S
kp-eb0717-077002-1097
PITTACUS, a native of Mitylene, in Lesbos, was one of the seven wise men of Greece. His father’s name was Hyrradius. With the assistance of the sons of Alcaens, he delivered his country from the oppression of the tyrant Melanchrus; and, in the war which the Athenians waged against Lesbos, he appeared at the head of his...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PITTACUS
kp-eb0717-077101-1110
PITTENWEEM, a royal burgh and seaport town on the Frith of Forth, in the parish of the same name, and on the east coast of Fifeshire. It is situated on gently-elevated ground, which overhangs the harbour, and consists of an irregular main street, having the form of an oblong square, from which a number of by-streets st...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PITTENWEEM
kp-eb0717-077102-1110
PIUS, a name of several pontiffs distinguished in the history of the Catholic church. Pius H. (Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini) was born on the 18th of October 1405, at Corsigni, in the Siennese, the name of which he afterwards changed into that of Pienza. Aeneas was carefully educated, and made considerable proficiency in...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PIUS
kp-eb0717-077201-1123
PIVOT, or Pivat, a foot or shoe of iron or other metal, usually conical or terminating in a point, whereby a body, intended to turn round, bears upon another fixed at rest, and performs its revolutions. The pivot usually bears or turns round in a sole, or piece of iron or brass hollowed to receive it.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PIVOT
kp-eb0717-077202-1123
PIZARRO, Francis, a celebrated Spanish general, the discoverer and conqueror of Peru, in conjunction with Diego Almagro, a famous Spanish navigator. They are both charged with having committed horrid cruelties on the inhabitants; and they fell victims to their own ambition, jealousy, and avarice. Almagro having revolte...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PIZARRO
kp-eb0717-077203-1123
PIZZO, a city of Italy, in the province of Calabria Ulteriore 1I., and kingdom of Naples. It is situated on a promontory’ on the south side of the Gulf of Euphemia. It was destroyed by the tremendous earthquake of 1783, but has been again rebuilt, and contains upwards of 5000 inhabitants, the most industrious of the po...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PIZZO
kp-eb0717-077204-1123
PLACE, in Astronomy. The place of the sun, a planet, or a star, denotes the sign and degree of the zodiac which the luminary is in; or the degree of the ecliptic, reckoning from the beginning of Aries, which the planet’s or star’s circle of longitude cuts; and therefore coincides with the longitude of the sun, planet, ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PLACE
kp-eb0717-077205-1123
PLACENTIA, a city of Spain, in the province of Estremadura, the capital of a partido of the same name, which comprises two fruitful districts on the two sides of the river Vera. It is situated on the river Xerte, between two hills, and has been fortified, but its defences have been neglected. It has seven gates protect...
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PLACENTIA
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PLAGIARY ∕ the i purloirìer of another man’s works. Amongst the Romans, plagiarius' was propérly a’person who bought, sold, or retained a freeman for a slave; and was so called because, by the Flavian law, such persons were condemned ad plagas, or to be whipped.' Thomasius has an express treatise de plagia literario, w...
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PLAGIARY
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PLAGUE. Tlíe terms pest, pestilence, and plague, were long employed in Great Britain, as were the corresponding terms in other languages, both in ancient and in modern times, to denote simply a disease attacking a great number of persons simultaneously and in succession, and destroying a large proportion of those whom ...
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PLAGUE
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PLAIN, or Plane, in general, an appellation given to whatever is smooth and even, or simple, obvious, and easy to be understood; and, consequently, stands opposed to rough, enriched, or laboured. A plain figure, in Geometry, is an uniform surface, from every point of the perimeter of which right lines may be drawn to ...
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PLAIN
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PLAN, in general, denotes the representation of something drawn upon a plane, such as maps, charts, ichnographies, and the like. The term plan, however, is particularly used for a draught of a building, such as it appears, or is intended to appear, on the ground, showing the extent, division, and distribution of its ar...
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PLAN
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PLANE, in Geometry, denotes a plain surface, or one that lies evenly between its bounding lines; and as a right line is the shortest extension from one point to another, so a plane surface is the shortest extension from one line to another. In astronomy, conic sections, &c. the term plane is frequently used for an ima...
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PLANE
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PLANET, a celestial body, revolving round the sun as a centre, and continually changing its position with respect to the fixed stars; whence the name planet, which is a Greek word signifying “wanderer.” See Astronomy.
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PLANET
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PLANETARIUM, an astronomical machine, so called from its representing the motions and orbits of the planets, agreeably to the Copernican system.
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PLANETARIUM
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PLANETARY Days. Amongst the ancients, the week was shared among the seven planets, each having its own day. This we learn from Dion Cassius, and also from Plutarch (Sympos. lib. iv. q. 7). Herodotus adds, that it was the Egyptians who first discovered what god, that is, what planet, presided over each day; for amongst ...
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PLANETARY
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PLANIMETRY, that part of geometry which considers lines and plain figures, without regard to their height or depth.
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PLANIMETRY
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PLANISPHERE signifies a projection of the sphere and its various circles upon a plane; in which sense maps, on which are exhibited the meridians and other circles of the sphere, are planispheres.
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PLANISPHERE
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PLANT is defined to be an inorganical body, destitute of sense and spontanéous motion, adhering to another body in such a manner as to draw from it its nourishment, and having a power of propagating itself by seeds. See Anatomy Vegetable, Botany, Physical Geography, and Vegetable Physiology.
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PLANT
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PLANTAGENET, the surname of the kings of England from Henry II. to Richard III. inclusive. Antiquaries are much at a loss to account for the origin of this name; the best derivation they can find for it being, that Fulk, the first Earl of Anjou of that name, stung with remorse for some wicked action, went, as a work of...
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PLANTAGENET
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PLANTERSHIP, in a general sense, is the business of a planter. In the West Indies, plantership denotes the management of a sugar plantation, including not only the cultivation of the cane, but the care of the various processes for the extraction of the sugar, together with the making of sugar-spirits. [7:17:779]
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PLANTERSHIP
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PLANTING. Planting, or the culture of trees, is a branch of agriculture necessarily of much more recent date than either the culture of grain and herbage plants, or the breeding and rearing of cattle. The culture of those plants which in every country supply the food of mankind, whether directly, or by nourishing the ...
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PLANTING
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PLANUDES, Maximus, a Greek monk of Constantinople, who, towards the end of the fourteenth century, published a collection of epigrams entitled Anthologia ; a Greek translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses; a Life of Aesop, which is rather a romance than a history; and some other works. We know nothing more of him, than that...
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PLANUDES
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PLASSEY, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Bengal, and district of Nuddea, situated on the eastern bank of the Bhaggarutty or Hoogly River. Here was fought, in June 1757, between the British under Colonel Clive, and the army of the Nabob Suraje-ud-Dowlah, the battle of Plassey, which ultimately decided the fate o...
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23 45' N 88 15' E
PLASSEY
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PLASTER, or Emplaster, in Pharmacy, an external application, of a harder consistence than an ointment, and which is, according to the different circumstances of the wound, place, or patient, spread either upon linen or upon leather. Plaster, or Plaister, in building, a composition of lime, sometimes with sand, or othe...
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PLASTER
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PLASTIC denotes a thing endowed with a formative power, or a faculty of forming or fashioning a mass of matter after the likeness of a living being. Plastic Nature, a certain power, by which, as an instrument, many philosophers, both ancient and modern, supposed that the great motions in the corporeal world, and the v...
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PLASTIC
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PLATA, LA. LA PLATA is the name of an extensive tract of country in South America, extending from the eastern declivities of the Chilian Andes, to the great rivers Paraguay, Parana, and La Plata. During the latter period of Spanish domination, it formed the viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata, or Buenos Ayres, having t...
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PLATA, LA. LA PLATA
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PLATAEAE, in Ancient Geography, the name of a strong town in Boeotia, which from its situation was exposed to the north wind. It was burned to the ground by Xerxes; and it was famous for the defeat of Mardonius the Persian general, as also for the signal victory of the Lacedaemonians and other Greeks under Pausanias th...
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PLATAEAE
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PLATFORM, in the military art, an elevation of earth, sometimes covered with planks of wood, upon which cannon are placed to fire on the enemy. On the ramparts there is always a platform, where the cannon are mounted. It is made by heaping up earth upon the rampart, or by an arrangement of madriers, rising insensibly, ...
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PLATFORM
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PLATINA is a metallic substance, the name of which has an allusion to its colour. It is a diminutive of plata, and signifies little silver. From its great specific gravity, and other resemblances which it has to gold, it has been called or blanc, or white gold; from its refractory nature, diabolus metallorum ; and from...
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PLATINA
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PLATING is the art of covering baser metals with a thin plate of silver, either for use or for ornament. It is said to have been invented by a spur-maker, not for show, but for real utility. Till then the more elegant spurs in common use were made of solid silver, and, from the flexibility of that metal, they were liab...
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PLATING
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PLATO. The birth of Plato is nearly coincident with that great epoch of Grecian history, the commencement of the Peloponnesian war. In the first year of that war, the Athenians, having ejected the unhappy people of Aegina, apportioned the island amongst colonists from themselves.^[1. Thucyd. ii. 27. ] Amongst these At...
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PLATO
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PLATONIC, something which relates to Plato, his philosophy, his opinions, or the like. Thus, Platonic love denotes a pure and spiritual affection, for which Plato was a great advocate, sa subsisting between the different sexes, abstracted from all carnal appetites, and regarding no other object but the mind and its bea...
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PLATONIC
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PLAUEN, a city of the kingdom of Saxony, in the circle of Voightland, and the capital of a bailiwick of the same name. It is situated in a beautiful valley upon the banks of the Elster, is surrounded with walls, and contains 608 houses, with 7200 inhabitants, more than one half of whom are employed in making muslins an...
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PLAUEN
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PLAUTUS, Μ. Attius, the father of Roman comedy, was born of humble parents, in the Umbrian village of Sar-sina. He flourished during the second Punic war; and his death happened b. c. 184, when Terence had reached his ninth year. Of his private circumstances we are entirely ignorant; but fortune, which had blessed him ...
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PLAUTUS, Μ
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PLAYFAIR, John, a mathematician and philosopher of great eminence and celebrity; and so peculiarly a benefactor to this publication, as would have made it fit that some memorial of him should be preserved in these pages, even if it could have been surmised that it might not have been found in any other place. There are...
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PLAYFAIR
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PLAYHOUSE. The most ancient English playhouses were the Curtain in Shoreditch, and the Theatre. In the time of Shakspeare, who commenced dramatic writer in 1592, there were no less than ten theatres open. Four of these were private houses, namely, that in Blackfriars, the Cockpit or Phoenix in Drury-Lane, a theatre in ...
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PLAYHOUSE
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PLEA, in Law, is what either party alleges for himself in court, in a cause there depending; and in a more restricted sense, it is the defendant’s answer to the plaintiff’s declaration. Pleas are usually divided into those of the crown and common pleas. Pleas of the crown are all suits in the king’s name, or in the na...
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PLEA
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PLEASURE is a word so universally understood that it needs no explanation. Lexicoraphers, however, who must attempt to explain every word, call it “the gratification of the mind or senses.” It is directly opposed to pain, and constitutes the whole of positive happiness, as that does of misery. The Author of Nature has...
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PLEASURE
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PLEBEIAN, any person of the rank of the common people. It is chiefly used in speaking of the ancient Romans, who were divided into senators, patricians, and plebeians. The distinction was made by Romulus, the founder of the city, who confined all dignities, civil, military, and sacerdotal, to the rank of patricians. Bu...
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PLEBEIAN
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PLECTRUM, Greek, πληκrgoι, a small implement of wood, horn, ivory, metal, &c. employed to strike the strings of certain musical instruments used among the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Arabians. It was of various shapes, often consisting of a heart-shaped head, and a short handle. In some of the ancient Egyptian paint...
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PLECTRUM
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PLEDGE (plegvus), in common law, a surety or gage, either real or personal, which the plaintiff or demandant is to find for his prosecuting the suit. To Pledge, in drinking, denotes to warrant, or to be surety to one, that he shall receive no harm whilst he is taking his draught. The phrase is referred by antiquaries ...
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PLEDGE
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PLEDGERY, or Pleggery, in Law, suretyship, or an undertaking or answering for another.
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PLEDGERY
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PLEIADES, in fabulous history, the seven daughters of Atlas king of Mauritania, and Pleione, who were so called from their mother. They were Maia, Electra, Taygete, Asterope, Merope, Halcyone, and Celaeno, who were also called Atlantides, from their father Atlas. These princesses were carried off by Busiris king of Egy...
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PLEIADES
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PLENARY, something complete or full. Thus we say the pope grants plenary indulgences, that is, full and entire remissions of the penalties due to all sins.
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PLENARY
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PLENIPOTENTIARY, a person vested with full power to do any thing.
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PLENIPOTENTIARY
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PLENITUDE, the quality of a thing that is full, or that fills another. In medicine, it chiefly denotes a redundancy of blood and humours.
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PLENITUDE
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PLENUM, in Physics, denotes, according to the Cartesians, that state of things in which every part of space is supposed to be full of matter, in opposition to a vacuum, which is a space supposed to be devoid of all matter.
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PLENUM
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PLEONASM, a figure in Rhetoric, by which we may use words seemingly superfluous, to express a thought with the greater energy; such as, “I saw it with my own eyes,” “I heard it with my own ears,” and the like.
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PLEONASM
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PLETHORA, in Medicine, from πkη0ος, plenitude. A plethora is, when the vessels are too much loaded with fluids. The plethora may be sanguine or serous. In the former there is too much crassamentum in the blood, in the latter too little. In the sanguine plethora, there is danger of a fever, inflammation, apoplexy, ruptu...
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PLETHORA
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PLEXUS, amongst anatomists, a bundle of small vessels interwoven in the form of network. Thus a congeries of vessels within the brain is called plexus choroides, reticularis, or retiformis. A plexus of nerves is the union of two or more nerves forming a sort of ganglion or knot.
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PLEXUS
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PLICA Polonica, or Plaited Hair, is a disease peculiar to Poland, and hence the name. Mr Coxe, who gives a short account of it, attempts likewise to assign the physical causes which are supposed to produce it. Many causes of this kind, he tells us, have been supposed to concur in rendering the plica more frequent in th...
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PLICA
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PLINIUS Secundus, C., a celebrated Roman writer, but who is to be distinguished from his nephew, Pliny the younger. He was born a. d. 23, in the tenth year of Tiberius, and died on the 2d of November, a. d. 80, the first year of the Emperor Titus, and the day after the eruption of Mount λ r esuvius. Two cities contend ...
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PLINIUS
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PLINIUS Caecilius Secundus, C., a celebrated Roman orator, was the son of L. Caecilius, and PΓmia, the sister of Pliny the elder, and born in the village of Como, in Cisalpine Gaul, though others have considered Verona as the place of his birth. He was born a. d. 62, in the eighth year of the reign of Nero, the same ye...
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PLINIUS
kp-eb0718-005902-3090
PLINTH, Orle, or Orlo, in Architecture, a flat square member, in the form of a brick. It is used as the foundation of columns, being that flat square table under the moulding of the base and pedestal at the bottom of the whole order. It seems to have been originally intended to keep the bottom of the original wooden pi...
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PLINTH
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PLOCK, a province or waiwodschaft of Poland, which has been formed out of the ancient division of that name, [7:18:60]and the addition of part of Massovia. It extends in north latitude from 52. 14. to 53. 27., and in east longitude from 18. 39. to 22. 30., and comprehends 6842 square miles. It contains forty-five citie...
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52 33' 3" N 19 42' E
PLOCK
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PLOERMEL, an arrondissement of the department of Morbihan,in France, extending over 682 square miles. It is divided into eight cantons, and these into sixty-one communes, with a population of 84,150 inhabitants. The capital is the city of the same name, situated in a fruitful district, watered by the river Oust. It con...
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PLOERMEL
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PLOMO, in Metallurgy, is a name given by the Spaniards who have the care of the silver mines, to the silver ore when found adhering to the surface of stones, and incrusting their cracks and cavities like small and loose grains of gunpowder. Though these grains be few in number, and the rest of the stone have no silver ...
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PLOMO
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PLOT, Dr Robert, a learned antiquary and philosopher, was born at Sutton-Barn, in the parish of Borden, Kent, in the year 1641. He studied in Magdalen Hall, and afterwards in University College, Oxford. In 1682 he was elected secretary of the Royal Society, and published the Philosophical Transactions from No, 143 to N...
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PLOT
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PLOTINUS, a Platonic philosopher of the third century. He was born at Lycopolis, a city of Egypt, in 204; and began very early to show a great singularity both in his taste and in his manners. At eight years of age, when he went to school, he used to run to his nurse, and uncover her breast to suck; and would have cont...
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PLOTINUS
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PLOUGH, in Agriculture, a machine for turning up the soil by the action of cattle, contrived to save the time, labour, and expense, which must otherwise have been employed in digging the ground, and fitting it for receiving all sorts of seed. See Agriculture.
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PLOUGH
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PLOWDEN, Edmund, sergeant at law, descended from an ancient family in Shropshire, was born in 1517, and was first a student of the university of Cambridge, where he spent three years in the study of philosophy and medicine. He then removed to Oxford, where, having continued his former studies about four years more, he ...
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PLOWDEN
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PLUCHE, Antony, a celebrated French writer, was born at Rhcims in 1688; and having distinguished himself by his engaging manners and proficiency in the belles lettres, was appointed professor of humanity in the university of that city. Two years afterwards he obtained the chair of rhetoric, and was admitted into holy o...
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PLUCHE
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PLUG, a certain piece of timber, formed like the frustum of a cone, and used to stop a hause-hole, or a breach made in the body of a ship by cannon-balls. Plugs used for the former purpose are therefore called hauseplugs, and those for the latter shot-plugs ; and they are formed of various sizes, in proportion to the h...
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PLUG
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PLUKENET, Leonard, a physician who flourished in the reign of Charles II., was one of the most excellent and laborious botanists of that or any other age. He was author of the Phytographia Plukenetiana, the Almagesti-cum Britannicum, and other works of a similar kind, on which he spent the greater part of his life and ...
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PLUKENET
kp-eb0718-006203-3129
PLUMBERY, the art of casting and working lead, and using it in building. As this metal soon melts, and with little heat, it is easy to cast it into figures of any kind, by running it into moulds of brass, clay, plaster, or other material. But the chief article in plumbery consists of sheets and pipes of lead; and as t...
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PLUMBERY
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PLUMMET, Plumb-rule, or Plumb-line, an instrument used by carpenters, masons, and others, in order to μιdge whether walls or beams be upright planes, horizontal, or the like. It is so called from a piece of lead fastened to the end of a cord, which usually constitutes this instrument. Sometimes the string descends alon...
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PLUMMET
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PLUMMING, amongst miners, is the method of using a mine-dial, in order to know the exact place of the work where to sink down an air-shaft, or to bring an adit to the work, or to know which way the lode inclines when any flexure happens in it. It is performed in this manner. A skilful person, with an assistant, and pr...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
PLUMMING