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kp-eb0704-047405-5477
BEATIFICATION, an act by which the pope declares a person beatified or blessed after his death. It is the first step towards canonization, or raising any one to the honour and dignity of a saint. No person can be beatified till half a century after his or her death. All certificates or attestations of virtues and mirac...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEATIFICATION
kp-eb0704-047406-5477
BEATING, in book-binding. See Bookbinding. Beating, in the paper-works, signifies the beating o paper on a stone with a heavy hammer, having a laige [7:4:475] smooth head and short handle, in order to render it more smooth and uniform, and fit for writing. Beating Flax or Hemp is a laborious, operation in the dressing...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEATING
kp-eb0704-047501-5490
BEATITUDE imports the supreme good, or the highest degree of happiness human nature is susceptible of; in other words, the most perfect state of a rational being, wherein the soul has attained to the utmost excellency and dignity it is capable of. In this sense it is équivalut towhat we call “blessedness” or “sovereign...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEATITUDE
kp-eb0704-047502-5490
BEATON, David, archbishop of St Andrews, and a cardinal of Rome, in the early part of the sixteenth cen-i tury, was born in 1494. Pope Paul III. raised him to the rank of cardinal in December 1538; and having been employed by James V. in negociating his marriage at the court of France, he was there consecrated bishop o...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEATON
kp-eb0704-047503-5490
BEATORUM Insula, in Ancient Geography, a district of the Nomos Oasites, in Egypt, seven days’ journey to the west of Diospolis Magna, and called an island because surrounded with sand, like an island in the sea, yet abounding in all the necessaries of life, though encompassed with vast sandy deserts.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEATORUM
kp-eb0704-047504-5490
BEATTIE, James, LL. D., a distinguished moralist and poet, was born on the 25th of October 1735, at Laurencekirk, then an obscure hamlet, in the county of Kincardine in Scotland; near which place his father rented a small farm. He received his early education at the common school of the parish, of which it is recorded ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEATTIE
kp-eb0704-047801-5529
BEAUCAIRE, a small but populous town of France, in the department of Gard, on the Rhone, opposite Tarascon, with which it has a communication by a bridge of boats. It is chiefly remarkable for its great annual fair, which in former times was famous over Europe, but has now considerably declined. Long. 4.43. E. Lat. 43....
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43 48' N 4 43' E
BEAUCAIRE
kp-eb0704-047802-5529
BEAVER. See Mammalia, Index. Beaver Shins, in commerce. Of these, merchants distinguish three sorts; the new, the dry, and the fat. The new beaver, which is also called the white or Muscovy beaver, because it is commonly kept to be sent into Muscovy, is that which the savages catch in their winter hunting. It is the be...
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BEAVER
kp-eb0704-047803-5529
BEAUFORT, a town of France, in the department of the Maine and Loire, with a castle, near the river Authion. It contains two parishes and about 6000 inhabitants.
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BEAUFORT
kp-eb0704-047804-5529
BEAULY, a village of Scotland, in the county of Inverness, situated on the north side of the river Beauly, where it flows into the Moray Frith. There are here the remains of a Cistertian abbey, founded in the year 1230. The trade carried on in this place is inconsiderable, and the port is frequented by vessels of ninet...
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57 29' N 4 21' W
BEAULY
kp-eb0704-047805-5529
BEAULIEU, Sebestian de Pontault de, a celebrated French engineer and field marshal under Louis XIV. He published plans of all the military expeditions of his master, with military disquisitions annexed; and died in 1674.
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BEAULIEU
kp-eb0704-047806-5529
BEAUMARCHAIS, Pierre Augustin Caron de, appears to have been one of those persons who, from restlessness of disposition and singularity of character, obtain, in their own age, more celebrity than they are entitled to from their merit or talents. He was born at Paris in 1732, and was the son of a clockmaker, who brought...
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BEAUMARCHAIS
kp-eb0704-048001-5555
BEAUMARIS, a market-town on the island of Anglesey, in North Wales, 249 miles from London. It has a small harbour opposite Bangor, at the entrance of the Straits of Menai. It is a borough, and returns one member to the House of Commons, who is chosen by the corporation, consisting of about twenty-four members. The inha...
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BEAUMARIS
kp-eb0704-048002-5555
BEAUMONT, Sir John, the elder brother of Mr Francis Beaumont the famous dramatic poet, was born in the year 1582, and in 1626 had the dignity of baronet conferred upon him by King Charles I. In his youth he applied himself to poetry with tolerable success, and wrote The Crown of Thorns, a poem, in eight books; a miscel...
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BEAUMONT
kp-eb0704-048003-5555
BEAUMONT and FLETCHER, two celebrated English dramatic writers, who flourished in the reign of James I., and were so closely connected both as authors and as friends, that it has been judged not improper to give them under one article. Francis Beaumont was descended from an ancient family at Grâce-Dieu, in Leicestersh...
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BEAUMONT
kp-eb0704-048101-5568
BEAUNE, an arrondissement of the department of Côte d’Or, in France, extending over 199 square miles, and comprehending 10 cantons and 203 communes, with a population of 110,555 persons. The chief city, of the same name, is situated on the river Bouzeoise, in a district highly productive of the best Burgundy wine. It c...
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47 2' N 4 45' E
BEAUNE
kp-eb0704-048102-5568
BEAUPREAU, an arrondissement in the department of the Mayenne and Loire, in France, extending over 560 square miles, and containing 7 cantons and 73 communes, with 77,755 inhabitants. The chief town, of the same name, is situated on the river Evre, and contains 385 houses, with 1891 inhabitants.
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BEAUPREAU
kp-eb0704-048103-5568
BEAUSOBRE, Isaac de, a learned Protestant writer, of French origin, was born at Niort in 1659. He was forced into Holland to avoid the execution of a sentence, which condemned him to make the amende honorable for having broken the royal signet, which was put upon the door of a church of the reformers to prevent the pub...
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BEAUSOBRE
kp-eb0704-048104-5568
BEAUTY, That property in objects by which they are recommended to the power or faculty of taste—the reverse of ugliness —the primary or more general object of love or admiration. These, we confess, are rather explanations of the word than definitions of the thing it signifies; and can be of no value, even as explanati...
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BEAUTY
kp-eb0704-050201-5841
BEAUVAIS, an arrondissement of the department of the Oise, in France, extending over 694 square miles, comprehending twelve cantons and 244 communes, and containing 130,263 inhabitants. The chief city, of the same name, is in a beautiful situation on the river Therain; it contains 2900 houses, and 12,791 inhabitants, e...
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49 26' 2" N 1 51' 52" E
BEAUVAIS
kp-eb0704-050202-5841
BEBRYCIA, in Ancient Geography, an ancient name of Bithynia, so called from the Bebryces, a people by whom it was originally inhabited.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEBRYCIA
kp-eb0704-050203-5841
BECAH, or Bekah, a Jewish coin, equivalent to half a shekel. In Dr Arbuthnot’s table of reductions, the bekah is stated as equal to 13j-^d. and in Dr Prideaux’s computation to Is. 6d. of our money. The Israelites paid an hundred bekahs a head.annually for the support of the temple, or L.5. 13s. 8d. according to Dr Arbu...
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BECAH
kp-eb0704-050204-5841
BECALM, in a general sense, signifies to appease, to allay. Becalm, in the sea language. A ship is said to be becalmed when there is not a breath of wind to fill the sails.
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BECALM
kp-eb0704-050205-5841
BECANOR, a town of India, in Asia, seated on the river Ganges, in long. 83. 5. E. lat. 27. 40. N.
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27 40' N 83 5' E
BECANOR
kp-eb0704-050206-5841
BECCABUNGA, Brooklime, the trivial name of a species of veronica.
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BECCABUNGA
kp-eb0704-050207-5841
BECCARIA, Caesar Bonesana, Marquis of, author of the well-known treatise on Crimes and Punishments, was born at Milan in the year 1735. His early studies were carried on in the college of the Jesuits at Parma. He possessed a quick apprehension; but, being naturally taciturn, and inclined to reflection, he seldom commun...
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BECCARIA
kp-eb0704-050801-5919
BECHER, John Joachim, a celebrated chemist, born at Spires in the year 1645. He was connected with the most learned men in Europe; and the emperor, the electors of Mentz and Bavaria, and other persons of high rank, furnished him with the means of making experiments in natural philosophy, medicine, and chemistry. As his...
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BECHER
kp-eb0704-050802-5919
BECHIN, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Tabor. It was taken and burnt by General Bequoi in 1619. It is seated on the river Lausnics, in long. 16. 19. E. lat. 49. 20. N.
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49 20' N 16 19' E
BECHIN
kp-eb0704-050803-5919
BECK, or Beke, a word which imports a small stream of water issuing from some rill or spring. Hence hell-bechs, little brooks in the rough and wild mountains about Richmond near Lancashire, so called on account of their ghastliness and depth. Beck is also used amongst us in the composition of names of places originall...
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BECK
kp-eb0704-050901-5932
BECKET, Thomas, lord chancellor of England, and archbishop of Canterbury, in the twelfth century. The story of his birth is as extraordinary as that of his life. It is related that his father Gilbert Becket, some time sheriff of London, went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, where being surprised and enslaved by a party of...
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BECKET
kp-eb0704-051001-5945
BECKINGHAM, Charles, an English dramatic writer, was the son of a linen-draper in London, and born in 1699. He was educated under the learned Dr Smith, at Merchant Tailors’ School, where he made great proficiency in his studies, and gave the strongest proofs of extraordinary abilities. In poetry, more particularly, he ...
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BECKINGHAM
kp-eb0704-051002-5945
BECKMANN, John, during nearly forty-five years professor at Göttingen, was born at Hoye, in the electorate of Hanover, in 1739. His father, who was receiver of taxes, and postmaster in that town, occupied himself in •the cultivation of a small piece of land, and appears to have inspired his son with a taste for agricul...
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BECKMANN
kp-eb0704-051101-5958
BECKUM, a circle in the Prussian government of Munster, and province of the Rhine. It extends over 258 square miles, or 165,120 acres. It contains four small cities, nine villages, and forty-five hamlets, with 30,619 inhabitants. The chief place, of the same name, is situated on the river Werse. It consists of a church...
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BECKUM
kp-eb0704-051102-5958
BECTASSE, an order or sect of religionists among the Turks, so called from their founder Bectash, preacher to Sultan Amurath. The habit of the Bectasse is white; and on their heads they wear white caps of several pieces, with turbans of wool twisted ropewise. They observe constantly the hour of prayer, which they perfo...
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BECTASSE
kp-eb0704-051103-5958
BED, a convenience to stretch and compose the body upon for ease, rest, or sleep, consisting generally of feathers, down, or other soft material, enclosed in a ticken case. In the first ages it was universally the practice for mankind to sleep upon skins of beasts. This was originally the custom of the Greeks and Roman...
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BED
kp-eb0704-051201-5971
BEDA, commonly called Venerable Bede, one of our most ancient historians, was born in the year 672, in the neighbourhood of Wearmouth, in the bishopric of Durham. He was educated by the abbot Benedict, in the monastery of St Peter, near the mouth of the river Wear. At the I age of nineteen he was ordained deacon, and p...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEDA
kp-eb0704-051202-5971
BEDDIZOLLE, a town in the Austrian kingdom of Lombardy, in the delegation of Brescia, near the southwestern part of the Lake of Guorda, containing about 4000 inhabitants.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEDDIZOLLE
kp-eb0704-051203-5971
BEDDOES, Thomas, a physician of equal eminence for his talents and philanthropy, was born at Shiffnall, in Shropshire, on the 13th of April 1760, and was originally of Welsh extraction. He received the first rudiments of his education at a school in his native town, and afterwards at a seminary at Brood, in Staffordshi...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEDDOES
kp-eb0704-051601-6023
BEDELL, Dr William, a learned prelate, born in Essex in 1570. He went as chaplain with Sir Henry Wotton, the English ambassador to the republic of Venice, in 1604, and continuing eight years in that city, contracted an intimate acquaintance with the celebrated Father Paul. Of him Bedell learned enough of Italian to be ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEDELL
kp-eb0704-051602-6023
BEDFORD, the capital town of the county of that name. It stands on the river Ouse, fifty miles from London. It has five parish churches and several separatist chapels, a well-endowed and well-managed free school, and a number of benevolent institutions for the indigent. It is governed by a corporate body, and returns t...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEDFORD
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BEDFORDSHIRE, an inland English county, situated nearly in the centre of the island, but rather towards the eastern side. It is bounded on the north by Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire, on the west by Buckinghamshire, on the south by that county and Hertfordshire and on the east by the latter and Cambridgeshire. It...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEDFORDSHIRE
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BEDLOE, WTlłiam, better known by his assumed title of Captain, was an infamous adventurer of low birth, who had travelled over a great part of Europe under different names and disguises, and passed himself among several ignorant persons for a man of rank and fortune. Encouraged by the success of Titus Oates, he turned ...
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BEDLOE
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BEDNORE, a town of Hindostan, in the territories of the rajah of Mysore. This was once a place of great importance, containing, it is said, 20,000 houses, besides huts. It was taken and plundered by Hyder in 1763, who changed its name to Hydernagur, and at that time it was estimated at eight miles in circumference. It ...
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13 48' N 75 6' E
BEDNORE
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BEDOUINS, or Bedouγs, a modern name of the wild Arabs, whether in Asia or Africa. See Arabia.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEDOUINS
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BEDRIACUM, in Ancient Geography, a village of Italy, situated, according to Tacitus, between Verona and Cremona, but nearer the latter than the former. From the account given by that historian, Cluverius conjectures that the ancient Bedriacum stood in the place where the city of Caneto now stands. This village was rema...
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BEDRIACUM
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BEDWIN, Great, a borough, formerly also a markettown, of the hundred of Kinwardstone, in the county of Wilts. It is seventy miles from London, on the Kennet and Avon canal. It returns two members to the house of commons, who are nominally chosen by the holders of burgage tenures, but in reality by Lord Aylesbury. The n...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEDWIN
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BEE. The bee, from its singular instincts, its active industry, and the useful products resulting from its labours, has, from the remotest times, attracted the attention, not only of naturalists, but of mankind in general. No nation upon ' earth has had so many historians as this remarkable tribe of insects. The patie...
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BEE
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BEE-Eater. See Ornithology, Index.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEE-Eater
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BEECH-Mast, the fruit of the beech-tree, said to be good for fattening hogs, deer, and other animals. It has sometimes proved a useful substitute for bread. Chios is said to have endured a memorable siege by means of it. Beech- Oil, an oil drawn by expression from the mast of the beech-tree, after it has been shelled ...
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BEECH-Mast
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BEEDER, a province of Hindostan, in the Deccan, situated principally between the 16th and 18th degrees of N. lat. It is bounded on the north by Aurungabad and Berar, on the south by the province of Hyderabad, o the cast by Hyderabad and Gundwana, and on the west by Aurungabad and Bejapoor. This country is comprehended ...
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BEEDER
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BEEF, the flesh of black-cattle prepared for food. According to Dr Cullen, beef, though of a more firm texture and less soluble than mutton, is equally alkalescent, perspirable, and nutritious. Beef-Eater. See Ornithology, Index.
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BEEF
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BEELE, a kind of pick-axe, used by the miners for separating the ores from the rocks in which they are embedded. This instrument is called a tubber by the miners of Cornwall.
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BEELE
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BEEMAH, a river of Hindostan, which has its rise in the mountains to the north of Poonah, not many miles from the source of the Godavery. It passes within thirty miles of the town of Poonah, where it is called Bewrah, and is esteemed by the Hindoos a sacred river. It is one of the principal tributaries of the Krishna, ...
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BEEMAH
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BEER, or Bir, a town of Asiatic Turkey, in the government of Orfa. It occupies an elevated situation on the left bank of the Euphrates, which is here about 130 yards broad, deep and rapid, and is crossed by a bridge ofboats, where a pontage is exacted of passengers. The town consists of 500 houses, mostly in a decaying...
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36 48' N 38 6' E
BEER
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BEERALSTON, a borough-town in the parish of Beer-feris and hundred of Roborough, in the county of Devon, 215 miles from London, and near the navigable river Tamar. It returns two members to parliament, who are chosen by the holders of ancient burgages, the majority of which are the property of the earl of Beverley. As ...
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BEERALSTON
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BEER REGIS, a market-town in the hundred of Beer,! n the county of Dorset, 112 miles from London. Near it ls a hill, which was formerly a Roman encampment, and where is annually held one of the largest fairs in the west θ England, during two weeks in September. The inha-h>tants amounted in 1801 to 936, in 1811 to 953, ...
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BEER REGIS
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BEERING’S or Behring’s Island, an island in the Northern Pacific Ocean, which some geographers place in the Aleutian chain. It extends 104 miles in length by fifteen in breadth, and is mountainous and sterile. This 3 island is mostly frequented by vessels engaged in the fur trade, and is of dangerous access, having onl...
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BEERING’S
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BEEROO, a considerable kingdom of central Africa, lying to the north of Bambarra, and west of Timbuctoo. It is very little known, having never been visited by any European. The people are Mahommedans, and its capital is Walet, a large town, enriched by being the chief emporium of the trade in salt, which is conveyed fr...
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BEEROO
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BEEROTH, a village of Judaea, situated at the foot of Mount Gabaon, seven miles from Aelia or Jerusalem, on the road to Nicoolis.
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BEEROTH
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BEERSHEBA, or Bersabe, a city to the south of the tribe of Judah, adjoining to Idumaea.
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BEERSHEBA
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BEESTINGS, or Breastings, a term used by country people for the first milk taken from a cow after calving. The beestings are of a thick consistence and yellow colour, seemingly impregnated with sulphur. D Morgan imagines them peculiarly fitted and intended by nature to cleanse the young animal from the recrements gathe...
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BEESTINGS
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BEETHOVEN, Ludwig Von, one of the greatest pianoforte players and musical composers of modern times, was born in the year 1772, at Bonn, in Prussian Germany. Some foreign writers allege that he was a natural son of Frederick William II. king of Prussia. His musical genius, like Mozart’s, seems to have been very early ...
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BEETHOVEN
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BEETLE, a term applied to most insects belonging to the order Coleoptera. See Entomology. Beetle also denotes a wooden instrument for driving piles, and for other purposes. It is likewise called a stamper, and by pavers a rammer.
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BEETLE
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BEEVES, a general name for oxen.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEEVES
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BEFORT, an arrondissement of the department of the Upper Rhine in France, extending over 341 square miles, and comprehending nine cantons and 191 communes, with 90,769 inhabitants. The chief place is the city of the same name, on the Savoureuse. It is strongly fortified by Vauban, and has a population of 4400 persons, ...
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47 38' 18" N 6 46' 40" E
BEFORT
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BEGA, Cornelius, a painter of landscapes, cattle, and conversations, was born at Haerlem in 1620, and became the disciple of Adrian Ostade. Falling into a dissipated way of life, he was disinherited by his father, for which reason he changed his paternal name, which was Begeyn, and took that of Bega; hence his early pi...
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BEGA
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BEGGAR. See Mendicity.
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BEGGAR
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BEGHERME, an extensive country in the interior of Africa, to the south of the Lake Tchad, and the southeast of Bornou. It has never been reached by any European; but the country appears to be fertile, and the nation warlike. The latter, engaged in almost continual contests with Bornou, have a well-trained light cavalry...
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BEGHERME
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BEGLERBEG, or Beglierbey, the head of one of the principal governments of the Turkish empire, and next in dignity to the grand vizier. To every beglierbey the grand signior gives three ensigns or staves, trimmed with a horsetail, to distinguish them from those pashas who have but two, and from simple beys, or sangiac b...
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BEGLERBEG
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BEGUARDS, or Beghards, religionists of the third order of St Francis in Flanders. They were established at Antwerp in the year 1228, and took St Begghe for their patroness, from whom they derived their name. On their first institution they employed themselves in makinglinen cloth, each supporting himself by his own lab...
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BEGUARDS
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BEGUINES, a congregation of female religionists or nuns, founded either by St Begghe or by Lambert le Begue, who died about the end of the twelfth century. They were originally established at Liège, and afterwards at Seville; and from this last settlement sprang the great number of Beguines, which spread over all Fland...
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BEGUINES
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BEHABAN, a town of Persia, and capital of a mountainous district. It is pleasantly situated in the middle of an extensive valley, which is of considerable extent, highly cultivated, and watered by the rivers Zab and Jerahi. The walls are about three miles in circumference. It is the seat of a governor, whose palace is ...
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BEHABAN
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BEHEADING, a capital punishment, in which the head is severed from the body by the stroke of an axe, a sword, or some other instrument. Beheading was a military punishment among the Romans, and known by the name of decollatio. The head of the culprit was laid on a cippus or block, placed in a pit dug for the purpose, ...
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BEHEADING
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BEHEMOTH, from the Hebrew díĩĭ, behem, and 1 τn,τn, behemah (bestia, pecus, jumentum), the plural of which, rnn∏a, behemoth, is used with a singular effect, says Buxtorf, to signify the elephant, on account of its great size, qua instar plurium est. Bochart, followed by Scheuscher, Shaw, and others, contends that the “...
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BEHEMOTH
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BEHMEN. See Boehmen.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEHMEN
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BEHN, Aphara, a celebrated authoress, descended [7:4:540]from a good family in the city of Canterbury, was born in the reign of Charles L, but in what year is uncertain. Her father’s name was Johnson; and he having through the interest of Lord Willoughby, to whom he was related, received the appointment of lieutenant-g...
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BEHN
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BEHRENDT, a circle in the Prussian government of Dantzic and province of West Prussia. It extends over 500 square miles, or 320,000 acres, and contains two towns and sixty-four villages. It is filled with extensive woods and large fresh-water lakes, and scarcely yields food sufficient for its thin population. The capit...
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54 7' 12" N 17 53' 50" E
BEHRENDT
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BEINASCHI, Giovanni Battista, called Cavalier Beinaschi, an historical painter, and a Piedmontese, was born in 1634. He studied at Rome under the direction of Pietro del Po; and some authors affirm that he was afterwards the disciple of Lan franc. He was a good designer; and as a public acknowledgement of his merit, th...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEINASCHI
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BEIT el. Fakih, an unwalled town of Arabia, situated on a barren sandy plain, protected by a castle, in which the governor resides, against the predatory incursions of the Arabs. It carries on an extensive trade in coffee, which grows in the hills, distant thirty-six miles, and is carried to Mocha, the shipping port, a...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
14 32' N 43 23' E
BEIT
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BEITH, a town and parish of Scotland, in the county of Ayr, and partly also in Renfrewshire. It carries on to a considerable extent the manufacture of bleached and coloured thread, ançl has also cotton manufactories. The population is 4050, of which the town contains 2560. It is eight miles north of Irvine.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BEITH
kp-eb0704-054005-6335
BEIZA, or Beizath, in Hebrew antiquity, a word signifying an egg, and also a certain measure in use among the Jews. The beiza among the Persians was a gold coin, weighing forty drachmas. Hence they pretended that Philip of Macedon owed their king Darius a thousand bei-zaths or golden eggs as tribute-money; and that Ale...
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BEIZA
kp-eb0704-054006-6335
BEJA, a city of the province of Alentejo, in Portugal. It is surrounded with walls, is the see of a bishop, and contains about 9000 inhabitants, who are for the most part occupied in cultivation, and especially in breeding cattle. Long. 8. 1. W. Lat. 37. 55. N.
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37 55' N 8 1' W
BEJA
kp-eb0704-054007-6335
BEJAPOUR, or Visiapour, a large province of Hindostan, in the Deccan, extending from the 15th to the 18th degree of north latitude. It has the province of Aurungabad on the north; Toombudra, Wurda, and the district of Canara, on the south; Aurungabad and Hyderabad along the course of the Beema river, on the east; and t...
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16 46' N 75 47' E
BEJAPOUR
kp-eb0704-054101-6348
BEKES, a circle in the Austrian kingdom of Hungary. It extends over 1330 square miles, or 852,350 acres, and contains four towns, sixteen villages, and seventy-one feudal estates, with 94,600 inhabitants, chiefly Lutherans and Calvinists; there being only about 12,000 Catholics and 7100 Greeks. The soil is marshy and t...
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46 46' 16" N 20 41' 37" E
BEKES
kp-eb0704-054102-6348
BEKKER, Balthasar, a distinguished Dutch divine, born at Metselawier, in Friesland, in the year 1634, was the author of a work entitled Die Detooverde Wereld, or The World Bewdel∣xd i in which he attacked with equal boldness and ingenuity the received opinions in demonology, and exposed with irresistible force of reaso...
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BEKKER
kp-eb0704-054201-6361
BEL, Matthias, was born in Hungary, and became a Lutheran minister at Presburg, and historiographer to the Emperor Charles VI. Among his works is a History of Hungary, which was so much admired that the emperor gave him letters of nobility; and notwithstanding his being a Lutheran, the pope, in 1736, sent him his pictu...
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BEL
kp-eb0704-054202-6361
BELAY, a naval term signifying to fasten, by coiling or winding round a kevel or belay-pin.
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BELAY
kp-eb0704-054203-6361
BELBEIS, a considerable town of Egypt, on the frontier towards Syria. It was formerly considered the bulwark of the kingdom on that side, and was defended by very strong fortifications; but these were suffered to fall into decay till 1798, when Bonaparte ordered them to be put in repair. The population is not now suppo...
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BELBEIS
kp-eb0704-054204-6361
BELEMNITE, a marine fossil, of frequent occurrence in the chalk of the south of England and the flint of the north of Ireland. It is generally of a cylindrical or conical form, one end terminating in a point; the other, when perfect, in a conical cavity. It varies in size from that of a goose-quill to twelve or fourtee...
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BELEMNITE
kp-eb0704-054205-6361
BELENYES, a town in the province of Farther Theis, in the Austrian kingdom of Hungary. It is the chief place of a small circle of the same name, and contains two churches for Greeks, one for Catholics, and one for Calvinists, with 5600 inhabitants. Long. 22. 13. 25. E. Lat. 46. 40. 11. N.
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46 40' 11" N 22 13' 25" E
BELENYES
kp-eb0704-054206-6361
BELERIUM, in Ancient Geography, a promontory of the Dumnonii or Damnonii, the West Britons; now called the Lands End.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BELERIUM
kp-eb0704-054207-6361
BELESIS, or Nanybrus, is said to have been the founder of the ancient Babylonish empire, and, in conjunction with Arbaces the Mede, to have put an end to the empire of the Assyrians by the defeat and death of Sardanapalus. This prince is variously represented as a crafty, mean-spirited knave, and as a hero of enterpris...
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BELESIS
kp-eb0704-054301-6374
BELEZERO, a town of Russia, and capital of a province of the same name. It is situated on the south-eastern shore of the White Sea. Long. 36. 10. E. Lat. 61. 50. N.
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61 50' N 36 10' E
BELEZERO
kp-eb0704-054302-6374
BELFAST, a sea-port town of Ireland, in the county of Antrim, situated at the efflux of the river Lagan into Carrickfergus Bay, which is a spacious estuary, containing a superficial area of twenty-four square miles. Although at present conspicuous for commercial and political importance, it is generally supposed to be ...
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54 35' N 5 54' W
BELFAST
kp-eb0704-054303-6374
BELFORD, a market-town in the ward of Bamborough and county of Durham, 325 miles from London, on the great road to Edinburgh. There is a well-frequented cornmarket on Tuesday. The inhabitants in 1801 were 902; in 1811, 931; and in 1821, 1208.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BELFORD
kp-eb0704-054304-6374
BELFRY, Belfredus, is a term used by military writers of the middle ages to signify a sort of tower erected by besiegers to overlook and command the place besieged. Belfry originally denoted a high tower, on which sentinels were placed to watch the avenues of a place, in order to prevent surprise, or to give notice of ...
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BELFRY
kp-eb0704-054305-6374
BELGARD, a circle in the Prussian province of Pomerania, extending over 386 square miles, and comprehending four towns and 105 villages, with 18,808 inhabitants. It is in a sandy district, containing many fresh-water lakes. The chief town, of the same name, stands on one of those lakes, near the rivers Persante and Lei...
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BELGARD
kp-eb0704-054306-6374
BELGICA, a town ofthcUbii,in Gallia Belgica, mid-way between the rivers Rhine and Roer; now called Balchusen. Belgica Gallia, one of the three divisions of Gaul men-tioned[7:4:544] by Caesar, and bounded by the ocean on the north, the rivers Seine and Marne on the west, and the Rhine on the east. The southern boundary ...
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BELGICA
kp-eb0704-054401-6387
BELGINUM, a town of the Treviri, in Gallia Bclgica; now called Baldenau.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BELGINUM
kp-eb0704-054402-6387
BELGIUM is distinguished from Belgica as a part from the whole. Caesar makes Belgium the country of the Bellovaci, and Hirtius adds the Atrebates. But as the Ambiani lay between the Bellovaci and Atrebates, they must also be added; and these three people constituted the proper and genuine Belgae, all the rest being adv...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
BELGIUM