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kp-eb0706-030609-0981
CHAJOTLI, or Ciiayoti, a Mexican fruit, of a round shape, and similar, in the husk with which it is covered, to the chestnut, but four or five times larger, and of a much deeper green colour. Its kernel is of a greenish-white, and has a large stone in the middle, which is white, and like it in substance. It is boiled, ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CHAJOTLI
kp-eb0706-030610-0981
CHAIR (Cathedra) was anciently used for the pulpit, or suggestum, from which the priest spoke to the people. It is still applied to the place where professors and regents in universities deliver their lectures, and teach the sciences to their pupils; thus, we say, the professor’s chair, and the like. Curule Chair was ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CHAIR
kp-eb0706-030611-0981
CHAISE, a sort of light open chariot, or calash. Aurelius Victor relates that Trajan first introduced the use of post-chaises; but the invention is generally ascribed to Augustus·, and was probably only improved by Trajan and succeeding emperors.
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CHAISE
kp-eb0706-030612-0981
CHAL AWAR, a district of Hindustan, in the province of Gujerat, which occupies an extensive tract of country between the Gulfs of Cutch and Cambay. It is situated between the twenty-first and twenty-second degrees of north latitude, and is about ninety miles in length from east to west, and about forty in breadth. The ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CHAL AWAR
kp-eb0706-030701-0994
CHALAZA, among naturalists, a white knotty sort of string at each end of an egg, formed of a plexus of the fibres of the membranes, and by which the yolk and white are connected together.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CHALAZA
kp-eb0706-030702-0994
CHALCEDON, or Calcedon, anciently known by the names of Procerastis and Colbusa, a city of Bithynia, situated at the mouth of the Euxine, on the northern extremity of the Thracian Bosphorus, and over against Byzantium. Pliny, Strabo, and Tacitus, call it The City of the Blind ; alluding to the answer which the Pythian ...
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CHALCEDON
kp-eb0706-030703-0994
CHALCEDONY. See Calcedony.
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CHALCEDONY
kp-eb0706-030704-0994
CHALCIDIC, Chalcidicum, or Chalcedonium, in the ancient architecture, a large magnificent hall belonging to a tribunal or court of justice. Festus says it took its name from the city Chalcis; but he does not explain the reason why it did so. Philander will have it to be the court or tribunal where affairs of money and ...
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CHALCIDIC
kp-eb0706-030705-0994
CHALCIDIUS, a famous Platonic philosopher of the third century, author of an esteemed commentary on the Timaeus of Plato, which Meursius caused to be printed at Leyden in 1617, 4to, and which John Albert Fabricius has inserted at the end of the second volume of the works of St Hypolitus, Hamburg, 1718, fol. The critics...
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CHALCIDIUS
kp-eb0706-030706-0994
CHALCOND ÝLAS, Demetrius, a learned Greek, born at Constantinople, left that city when it was taken by the Turks, and afterwards taught Greek in several cities in Italy. He composed a Greek grammar; and died at Milan in 1513.
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CHALCOND ÝLAS
kp-eb0706-030707-0994
CHALDEA, in Ancient Geography, when taken in a larger sense, included Babylonia; as in the prophecies of Jeremiah and Ezekiel. In a restricted sense, it denoted a province of Babylonia, towards Arabia Deserta; called in Scripture The land of the Chaldeans, and so named from Chaled, the fourth son of Nahor. See Babyloni...
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CHALDEA
kp-eb0706-030708-0994
CHALDEE Language, that spoken by the Chaldeans, or people of Chaldea. It is a dialect of the Hebrew. Chaldee Paraphrase, in the rabbinical style, is called Targum. There are three Chaldee paraphrases in Walton’s Polyglot, namely, that of Onkelos, that of Jonathan son of Uzziel, and that of Jerusalem.
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CHALDEE
kp-eb0706-030709-0994
CHALDRON, a dry English measure, consisting of thirty-six bushels.
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CHALDRON
kp-eb0706-030710-0994
CHALICE, the cup or vessel used to administer the wine in the sacrament, and employed by the Roman Catholics in the mass. The use of the chalice, or communicating in both kinds, is by the church of Rome denied to the laity, who communicate only in one kind, the clergy alone being allowed the privilege of communicating ...
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CHALICE
kp-eb0706-030711-0994
CHALK (Creta) is a white earth found plentifully in Britain, France, Norway, and other parts of Europe, said to have been anciently dug chiefly in the island of Crete, which thence received its name of Creta. Chalk readily imbibes water; and hence masses of it are employed for drying precipitates, lakes, earthy powders...
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CHALK
kp-eb0706-030801-1007
CHALLENGE, a cartel or invitation to a duel or other combat. See Duel. Challenge, among hunters. When hounds orbeagles, at first finding the scent of their game, presently open and cry, they are said to challenge. Challenge, in the Law of England, is an exception made to jurors. See Jury and Trial.
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CHALLENGE
kp-eb0706-030802-1007
CHALMERS, George, an historical, antiquarian, and political writer of considerable eminence, was descended from the family of Chalmers of Pittensear, in the county of Moray, and was born at Fochabers in the end of the year 1742. After the usual attendance at the grammar school of his native town, he was sent to King’s ...
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CHALMERS
kp-eb0706-031101-1046
CHALO, a river of Asia, which has its rise near Lassa, and passing through the province of Yunan in China, and into the countries Laos and Tonkin, flows into the Gulf of Cochin-China, opposite the island of Hainau.
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CHALO
kp-eb0706-031102-1046
CHALONNE, a city of the department of the Mayenne and Loire, in France. It is situated on the left bank of the river Loire, where the Layon falls into that stream. It contains 780 houses, and 4912 inhabitants.
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CHALONNE
kp-eb0706-031103-1046
CHALONER, Sir Thomas, a statesman, soldier, and poet, descended from a good family in Denbigh, in Wales, was born in London about the year 1515. Having been educated in both universities, but chiefly at Cambridge, he was introduced at the court of Henry VIII. who sent him abroad in the retinue of Sir Henry Knevet, amba...
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CHALONER
kp-eb0706-031201-1059
CHALONS, an arrondissement in the department of the Upper Saone and Loire, in France, extending over 795 square miles, and comprising ten cantons and 160 communes, with 108,336 inhabitants. The chief place, a city of the same name, distinguished by the adjunct “Sur Saone,” is a well-situated and well-built town, the se...
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CHALONS
kp-eb0706-031202-1059
CHALOO, a village of Thibet, situated midway between two lakes, one of which is accounted peculiarly sacred by the inhabitants of Bootan, who imagine it to be the haunt of their principal deities. Long. 89. 15. E. Lat. 28.18. N.
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28 18' N 89 15' E
CHALOO
kp-eb0706-031203-1059
CHALUS, a city of the department of the Upper Vienne, in France. It is situated on the river Taboire, which divides it into two portions. It contains 1264 inhabitants, and is celebrated as the place where our Richard Coeur-de-Lion met his death by an arrow when engaged in besieging it. Long. 0. 53. 23. E. Lat. 45. 39. ...
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45 39' 31" N 0 53' 23" E
CHALUS
kp-eb0706-031204-1059
CHALYBEATE, in Medicine, an appellation given to( any liquid, as wine or water, impregnated with particles of iron or steel.
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CHALYBEATE
kp-eb0706-031205-1059
CHAM, or Khan, the title given to the sovereign princes of Tartary. The word, in the Persian, signifies mighty lord; in the Sclavonic, emperor. Sperlingius, in his dissertation on the Danish term of majesty, honing, king, thinks the Tartarian cham may be well derived from it; adding, that in the north they say han, kon...
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CHAM
kp-eb0706-031206-1059
CHAMADE, in war, a certain beat of a drum, or sound of a trumpet, which serves as a signal to the enemy, of some propositions about to be made, either to capitulate, or for leave to bury the dead, make a truce, or the like. Menage derives the word from the Italian chiamata, from clamare, to cry.
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CHAMADE
kp-eb0706-031207-1059
CHAMANIM, in the Jewish antiquities, is the Hebrew name for that which the Greeks call Pyreia or Pyrateria; and St Jerome in Leviticus has translated simulacra, in Isaiah, delubra. These chamanim were, according to Rabbi Solomon, idols exposed to the sun upon the tops of houses. Abenezoa says they were portable chapels...
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CHAMANIM
kp-eb0706-031208-1059
CHAMARIN, a word which occurs in several places of the Hebrew Bible, and is generally translated the priests of the idols, or the priests clothed in black, because chamar signifies black, or blackness. St Jerome, in the second book of Kings, renders it aruspices. In Hosea and Zephaniah he translates it oeditui or churc...
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CHAMARIN
kp-eb0706-031209-1059
CHAMBAH, an extensive mountainous district of Hindustan, in the province of Lahore, intersected by the Ravey river, and bounded on the east by the Beyah. It is situated about the 33d degree of N. lat. and is now possessed by the Sekks and their tributaries. There is a town of the same name 110 miles N.E. from the city ...
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32 28' N 75 33' E
CHAMBAH
kp-eb0706-031210-1059
CHAMBER, in building, a part of a lodging, or of an apartment, ordinarily intended for sleeping in, and called by the Latins cubiculum. The word comes from the Latin camera ; and that, according to Nicod, from the Greek καμαgα, vault or curve ; the term chamber being originally confined to places arched over. A complet...
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CHAMBER
kp-eb0706-031301-1072
CHAMBERLAIN, an officer charged with the management and direction of a chamber. Lord Chamberlain of Great Britain, the sixth great officer of the crown, to whom belong livery and lodging in the king’s court; and there are certain fees due to him from each archbishop or bishop when they perform their homage to the king...
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CHAMBERLAIN
kp-eb0706-031302-1072
CHAMBERLAYNE, Edward, descended from an ancient family, was born in Gloucestershire in 1616, and made the tour of Europe during the distractions of the civil war. After the restoration he went as secretary with the Earl of Carlisle, who carried the order of the gar-ļ ter to the king of Sweden. He was appointed tutor to...
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CHAMBERLAYNE
kp-eb0706-031303-1072
CHAMBERY, a province of the duchy of Savoy, in the kingdom of Sardinia, in Italy. It is bounded on the north by Geneva, on the east by Taranta, on the south-east by Maurienne, and on the south and west by France. It extends over 1130 square miles, or 717,080 English acres, and comprehends eight cities, 195 towns and vi...
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45 26' N 5 55' E
CHAMBERY
kp-eb0706-031304-1072
CHAMBERS, David, a Scotch historian, priest, and lawyer, was born in the shire of Ross about the year 1530, and educated in the university of Aberdeen. From thence he went to France and Italy, where he continued some time, particularly at Bologna, where in 1556 he was a pupil of Mariannus Sozenus. After his return to ...
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CHAMBERS
kp-eb0706-031401-1085
CHAMBORD, a small town in the department of the Loire and Cher, in France, with 470 inhabitants. Adjoin ing to it, and in the midst of an extensive park, is the royal palace built by Francis I. It was given by Louis XV. to the celebrated Marshal Saxe, and at his death reverted to the crown. It was subsequently granted ...
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CHAMBORD
kp-eb0706-031402-1085
CHAMIER, Daniel, an eminent Protestant divine, born in Dauphiny. He was many years preacher at Mon-tellimart, whence he went in 1612 to Montaubon, to be professor of divinity in that city, and was killed by a cannon-bali during the siege in 1621. The most considerable of his works is his Panstratia Catholica, or Wars o...
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CHAMIER
kp-eb0706-031403-1085
CHAMOIS, or Chamois Goat. See Mammalia.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CHAMOIS
kp-eb0706-031404-1085
CHAMOND, a city of the department of the Loire, in France, on the river Gier. It is defended by a strong fort, and contains 900 houses, with 4990 inhabitants. It is a place of trading activity, especially in silk goods. Long. 4. 23. E. Lat. 45. 28. N.
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45 28' N 4 23' E
CHAMOND
kp-eb0706-031405-1085
CHAMOS, or Chemosh, the idol or god of the Moabites. The name of chamos comes from a root which, in Arabic, signifies to make haste ; for which reason many believe Chamos to be the sun, whose apparent course might well procure for that luminary the epithet of swift or speedy. Others have confounded Chamos with the god ...
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CHAMOS
kp-eb0706-031406-1085
CHAMOUNI, or Chamouny, a valley in Savoy, near to Geneva, in the province of Faussigny, and kingdom of Sardinia. It is the longest and most interesting of all the valleys of Savoy. It is at the foot of Mont Blanc, excessively hot in the summer, and of great coldness in winter. It is 3300 feet above the level of the sea...
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CHAMOUNI
kp-eb0706-031407-1085
CHAMPAGNE, a town of the department of the Sarthe, in France, celebrated for producing an excellent white wine. It contains 169 houses, and 796 inhabitants.
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CHAMPAGNE
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CHAMPAGNEY, a town in the department of the Upper Saone, in France, situated on the river Bahain, where there are some extensive mines of coal worked. It contains 1980 inhabitants.
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CHAMPAGNEY
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CHAMPAGNOLE, a market-town in the department of the Jura, in France. It stands at the foot of a mountain, on the banks of the river Londaine, and contains 1472 inhabitants, chiefly employed in making nails, needles, and pins.
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CHAMPAGNOLE
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CHAMPAGNY’S Archipelago comprehends a group of islands, amounting to about twenty, of which the largest[7:6:315] is not above nine miles in length. They are situated on the north-west coast of New Holland, and were so called by the French expedition of 1S00. They are in general sterile, and of an irregular figure. The ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CHAMPAGNY’S
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CHAMPAIN, or Point Ciiampain, in Heraldry, a mark of dishonour in the coat of arms of him who kills a prisoner of war after he has cried quarter.
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CHAMPAIN
kp-eb0706-031502-1098
CHAMPERTY, in Law, a species of maintenance, and punished in the same manner, being a bargain with the plaintiff or defendant campum partire, “to divide the land,” or other matter sued for, between them, if they prevail at law; and in the mean time the champertor is to carry on the party’s suit at his own expense. This...
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CHAMPERTY
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CHAMPION, a person who undertakes a combat in the stead or quarrel of another, and sometimes the word is used for him who fights in his own cause. It appears that champions, in the just sense of the word, were persons who fought instead of those who, by custom, were obliged to accept the duel, but had a just excuse for...
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CHAMPION
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CHAMPLITTE, a city of the department of the Upper Saone, in France, on the river Salone. It contains 345 houses, and 3247 inhabitants, employed chiefly in weaving druggets and making hats.
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CHAMPLITTE
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CHAMPNIERS, a large village of the department of the Charente, in France, containing 3879 inhabitants, who cultivate saffron extensively.
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CHAMPNIERS
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CHAMUSC A, a town of Portugal, in the province of Estremadura. It is situated on the south side of the Tagus, above Santarem, and is the point of communication between'the capital and the province of Alentejo. It contains 2400 inhabitants, who annually make 1500 pipes of wine.
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CHAMUSC A
kp-eb0706-031507-1098
CHANAK Kalesi, a town and fortress of Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia. The town contains about 2000 houses, and has a manufacture of pottery. The fortress was built to defend the Strait of the Dardanelles. The outworks are of modern date; but the date of the citadel belongs to the era of the Greek emperors.
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CHANAK
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CHANANAEI, in Ancient Geography, the name of the ancient inhabitants of Canaan in general, descendants of Canaan, but peculiarly appropriated to some one branch; though it is uncertain which it was, or how it happened that they preferred the common gentilitious name to a more appropriate denomination as descendants of ...
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CHANANAEI
kp-eb0706-031509-1098
CHANCAY, a province of Peru, in the department of Lima. That part of the district which lies amongst the mountains is subjected to a cold temperature, but that towards the sea enjoys a warmer climate. The province is exceedingly fertile in sugar and maize, with which large quantities of pigs are fattened for the market...
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CHANCAY
kp-eb0706-031510-1098
CHANCE, a term we apply to events, to denote that they happen without any necessary or foreknown cause. Our aim is to ascribe those things to chance which do not necessarily follow as the natural effects of any sufficient cause; but our ignorance and precipitancy often lead us to attribute effects to chance which proce...
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CHANCE
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CHANCEL is properly that part of the choir of a church between the altar or communion-table and the •balustrade or rail that incloses it, where the minister is placed at the celebration of the communion. The word comes from the Latin cancellus, which in the lower Latin is used in the same sense, from the cancelli, latt...
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CHANCEL
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CHANCELLOR was at first only a chief notary or scribe under the emperors, and was called cancellarius, because he sat behind a lattice (in Latin cancellus}, to avoid being crowded by the people; but some derive the word from caìicellare, to cancel. This officer was afterwards invested with several judicial powers, and ...
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CHANCELLOR
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CHANCERON, in Natural History, a name given by the French writers to the small caterpillar that eats the corn, and does vast mischief in granaries. See the article CoRN-PUtterfly.
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CHANCERON
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CHANCERY, the highest court of justice in Britain next to the parliament, and of very ancient institution. It has its name chancery (cancellaria} from the judge who presides here, the lord chancellor, or cancellarius, who, according to Sir Edward Coke, is so termed, a cancellando, from cancelling the king’s letters pat...
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CHANCERY
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CHANDAH, a large district of Hindustan, in the province of Gundwana, subject to the Nagpoor Mahrattas, situated principally between the 20th and 21st degrees of N. lat. It is a champaign country compared with the Goand Hills to the north, and produces chiefly rice and small quantities of pulse and sugar-cane. The inhab...
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CHANDAH
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CHANDAHNEE, a small district and town of Hindustan, in the province of Lahore, situated between the 33d and 34th degrees of N. lat. The town is neat and populous, pleasantly situated on the brow of a hill, with a rapid stream running at the foot of it. It is 122 miles north by east from the city of Lahore. Long. 74. 41...
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33 24' N 74 41' E
CHANDAHNEE
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CIIANDERNAGORE, the principal settlement of the French in Bengal, in a healthy situation on the western bank of the Hooghly or Bhagarutty river. It is about three quarters of a mile long, and is a very neat town, surrounded by a small territory, which extends on the bank of the river, and one mile inland. The height of...
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22 49' N 88 26' E
CIIANDERNAGORE
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CHANDGHERRY, a town of Hindustan, in the Carnatic, and capital of a district of the same name. The citadel is built on the summit of a stupendous rock, at the foot of which is the town. It is seventy-two miles W.N.W. from Madras. Long. 79. 25. E. Lat. 13. 33. N.
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13 33' N 79 25' E
CHANDGHERRY
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CHANDLER, Mary, distinguished by her talent for poetry, was the daughter of a dissenting minister at Bath, and was born at Malmesbury in Wiltshire in 1687. She was bred a milliner, but from her childhood had a turn for poetry, and in her riper years applied herself to the study of the poets. Her poems, for which she wa...
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CHANDLER
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CHANDPOOR, a town of Hindustan, in the province of Bengal, and district of Tipperah, situated on the great river Megna. It is celebrated for the excellence of its’ oranges. Long. 90. 31. E. Lat. 23. 17. N. There are various other towns in Bengal of this name. Chand being the Bengal word for the moon, one of the Hindu d...
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23 17' N 90 31' E
CHANDPOOR
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CHANDRAGIRI, a large square fort of Hindustan, in the province of South Canara, situated on a river of the same name, which bounds Malabar on the north, and is at low water shallow, but very wide. Long. 75. 8. E. Lat. 12. 27. N.
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12 27' N 75 8' E
CHANDRAGIRI
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CHANDRAGUPTI, a town and fort of Hindustan, at the north-west extremity of the Mysore. It was formerly a place of great celebrity, but is now reduced to about a hundred houses. The first is situated on a lofty peaked, hill, concerning which the natives have many absurd traditions. Three miles to the south is a hill whi...
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14 23' N 75 8' E
CHANDRAGUPTI
kp-eb0706-031804-1137
CHANDREE, the name of a town and district of Hindustan, in the province of Malwa. The town is situated on the west side of the river Betwah. It is of ancient date, and at one time contained 14,000 houses; but it is now much decayed. It is ninety miles west by south from Chatterpoor. An extensive manufacture of fine cot...
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CHANDREE
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CHANG, an extensive province of Thibet, extending along the north side of the Himalaya Mountains, and situated between the twenty-eighth and thirtieth degrees of north latitude. All that we know of this extensive region is, that it is intersected by the great river Brahmapootra.
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CHANG
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CHANGLEE, two villages of Asiatic Turkey, on the west coast of Natolia, situated on a stream formerly named Gessus, which is rapid after the rains. It is nine miles south-west from Scala Nova.
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CHANGLEE
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CHANG-TONG, a province of China, bounded on the east by the province of Pe-tche-li and part of Honan, on the south by that of Kiang-nan, on the east by the Eastern Sea, and on the north partly by the Gulf of Pe-tche-li. The aspect of the country is mountainous. A great ridge, 170 miles in length, traverses the northern...
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CHANG-TONG
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CHANNA, in Zoology, the name of a fish caught in great plenty in the Mediterranean, and brought to market in Italy and elsewhere, among the sea perch, which it so nearly resembles, that it would not be distinguishable, were it not that the sea perch is bigger, and has only broad transverse lines on its back, whereas th...
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CHANNA
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CHANSI, one of the smallest provinces in the Chinese empire, bounded on the east by the province of Pe-tche-li, by Honan on the south, by Chensi on the west, and on the north by the Great Wall. It is exceedingly mountainous, and in many parts the country is wild, rugged, and uninhabited; but in other parts the mountain...
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CHANSI
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CHANT (cantus) is used for the vocal music of churches. In church history we meet with divers kinds dì chants or songs. The first is the Ambrosian, established by St Ambrose; the second is the Gregorian, introduced by Pope Gregory the Great, who established schools of chanters, and corrected the church song. This is st...
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CHANT
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CHANTER, a singer of a choir in a cathedral. The word is almost grown obsolete, chorister or singing-man being commonly used instead of it. All great chapters have chanters and chaplains to assist the canons, and officiate in their absence. Chanters, in the temple of Jerusalem, were a number of Levites, employed in si...
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CHANTER
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CHANTILLY, a market-town of the department of the Oise, in France, with 1600 inhabitants, some of whom are employed in the linen manufacture, and in making lace and cotton goods. Near to it was once the most magnificent palace in France, with stables and a park of great celebrity. These premises have, however, suffered...
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CHANTILLY
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CHANTRY, or Chauntry, was anciently a church or chapel endowed with lands, or other yearly revenue, for the maintenance of one or more priests, daily saying or singing mass for the souls of the donors, and such others as they appointed. Hence chauntry-rents arc rents paid to the crown by the tenants or purchasers of ch...
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CHANTRY
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CHAO-TCHEOU-FOU, a city of China, in the province of Canton. It is of the second rank, and comprehends, according to the policy of that empire, six others under its jurisdiction. It is situated on a navigable river, which is crossed by two bridges of boats, and is divided in the neighbourhood into two branches. The cit...
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CHAO-TCHEOU-FOU
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CHAOLOGY, the histpry or description of the chaos.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CHAOLOGY
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CHAOS, that confusion in which matter lay when newly produced out of nothing at the beginning of the world, before God, by his almighty word, had put it into the order and condition which it assumed after the six days creation. Chaos is represented by the ancients as the first principle, ovum, or seed of nature and the...
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CHAOS
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CHAPEAU, in Heraldry, an ancient cap of dignity worn by dukes, being scarlet-coloured velvet on the outside, and lined with fur. It is frequently borne above a helmet instead of a wreath, under gentlemen’s crests.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CHAPEAU
kp-eb0706-031908-1150
CHAPEL, a place of divine worship. The word is derived from the Latin capella. In former times, when the kings of France were engaged in war, they always carried St Martin’s hat into the field, which was kept in a tent as a precious relic; and hence the place was called capella, and the priests who had the custody of t...
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35 40' N 79 3' W
CHAPEL
kp-eb0706-032001-1163
CHAPELAIN, John, an eminent French poet, born at Paris in 1595, and often mentioned in the works of Balzac, Ménage, and other learned men. He wrote several works, and distinguished himself by a heroic poem called La Pucelle, ou France Délivrée, which employed him several years, and which, the expectation of the public ...
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CHAPELAIN
kp-eb0706-032002-1163
CHAPELLE, Claudius Emanuel Luillier, the natural son of Francis Luillier, took the name of Chapelle from a village between Paris and St Denys, where he was born. He distinguished himself by writing small pieces of poetry, in which he discovered great delicacy, an easy turn, and an admirable felicity of expression. He w...
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CHAPELLE
kp-eb0706-032003-1163
CHAPERON, Chaperonne, or Cnaperoon, properly signifies a sort of hood or covering for the head, anciently worn both by men and women, the nobles and the populace, and afterwards appropriated to the doctors and licentiates in colleges. Hence the name passed to certain little shields, and other funeral devices, placed on...
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CHAPERON
kp-eb0706-032004-1163
CHAPLAIN properly signifies a person provided with a chapel, or who discharges the duty thereof. Chaplain is also used for an ecclesiastical person in the bouse of a prince, or a person of quality, who officiates in their chapels, and performs other clerical duties. In England there are forty-eight chaplains to the k...
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CHAPLAIN
kp-eb0706-032005-1163
CHAPLET, an ancient ornament for the head, like a garland or wreath; but this word is frequently used to signify the circle of a crown. There are instances of its being borne in a coat of arms, as well as for crests. The paternal arms for Lascelles are argent, three chaplets, gules. Chaplet also denotes a string of be...
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CHAPLET
kp-eb0706-032006-1163
CHAPMAN, George, born in 1557, was a man highly esteemed in his time for his dramatic and poetic works. He wrote seventeen plays, translated Homer and some other ancient poets, and was thought no mean genius. He died in 1634, and was buried in St Giles’s in the Fields, where his friend Inigo Jones erected a monument to...
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CHAPMAN
kp-eb0706-032007-1163
CHAPPE, in Heraldry, the dividing of an escutcheon, by lines drawn from the centre of the upper edge to the angles below, into three parts, the sections on the sides being of different metal or colour from the rest.
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CHAPPE
kp-eb0706-032008-1163
CHAPPEL, William, a learned and pious bishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross, in Ireland, was born in Nottinghamshire in 1582. When the troubles began under Charles I. he was prosecuted by the puritan party in parliament, and retired to Derby, where he devoted himself to study till his death in 1649. He wrote Methodus Cοnciο...
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CHAPPEL
kp-eb0706-032009-1163
CHAPTAL, Jean Antoine Claude, count of Chanteloup, was born at Nosaret, in France, in the year 1756. He early devoted himself to the study of the sciences and medicine, and soon distinguished himself as a physician. At the assault upon the citadel of Montpellier in 1791, he rendered himself conspicuous as a revolutioni...
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CHAPTAL
kp-eb0706-032101-1176
CHAPTER, in ecclesiastical polity, a society or community of clergymen belonging to the cathedrals and collegiate churches. It was in the eighth century that the body of canons began to be called a chapter. The chapter of the canons of a cathedral was a standing council to the bishop, and, during the vacancy of the se...
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CHAPTER
kp-eb0706-032102-1176
CHARACTER, in a general sense, signifies a mark or figure, drawn on paper, metal, stone, or other matter, with a pen, graver, chisel, or other instrument, to signify or denote any thing. The word is Greek, formed from the verb γpζws<5ων, insculpere, to engrave or impress. The various kinds of characters may be reduced...
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CHARACTER
kp-eb0706-032401-1215
CHARADE, the name of a fanciful species of composition or literary amusement. It owes its name to the idler who invented it. Its subject must be a word of two syllables, each forming a distinct word; and these two syllables are to be concealed in an enigmatical description, first separately, and then together. The exer...
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CHARADE
kp-eb0706-032501-1228
CHARAIMS, a sect of the Jews in Egypt. They live by themselves, and have a separate synagogue; and as the other Jews are remarkable for their eyes, so are the Charaims for their large noses, which run through all the families of this sect. They are the ancient Essenes, and strictly observe the five books of Moses accor...
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CHARAIMS
kp-eb0706-032502-1228
CHARAK, Tsjarak, or Cnarrack, formerly a port of consequence, situated on the sea-shore of the Persian Gulf,'in the province of Laristan. It stands at the foot of a mountain, opposite the island of Ken, and is now a small town.
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CHARAK
kp-eb0706-032503-1228
CHARAMAKOTAN, one of the Kurile islands, in the Northern Pacific Ocean, separated from the island Onne-kostan by a channel eight miles wide. Long. 155. 0. E. Lat. 49. 59. N.
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49 59' N 155 0' E
CHARAMAKOTAN
kp-eb0706-032504-1228
CHARCOAL. When vegetable substances are subjected to a strong heat in the apparatus for distillation, the fixed residue is called charcoal. Charcoal is made in various ways. For general use it is obtained by building up pieces of wood in a pyramidal form, then covering the pile with earth or clay, leaving a few air-hol...
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CHARCOAL
kp-eb0706-032505-1228
CHARD, a market-town of the hundred of Kingsbury, in the county of Somerset, 143 miles from London. It is pleasantly situated, and well built. Several clear streams run through the principal streets. It has an excellent market on Monday; and of late years it has increased, in consequence of the construction of some lar...
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CHARD
kp-eb0706-032506-1228
CHARDIN, Sir John, a celebrated traveller, was born at Paris in 1643. His father, who was a jeweller, caused him to be educated in the Protestant religion, after which he travelled into Persia and India. He traded in jewels, and died at London in 1713. The account he w rote of his travels in the above-mentioned regions...
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CHARDIN
kp-eb0706-032507-1228
CHARENTE, a department of France, formed out of a large portion of the ancient Angoumois and parts of Sain tonge and Limousin. The extent is 2280 square miles, or, according to the royal almanack, 588,803 hectares. It is bounded on the north by the departments of the Two Sevres and of the Vienne, on the east by' the de...
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CHARENTE