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kp-eb0707-046205-3278
CRESCIMBENI, John Maria, an Italian poet, was born at Macerata, in the march of Ancona, in 1663. His talents for poetry and eloquence early developed themselves' His verses at first had too much pomp and point; but by residing in Rome, and by reading the best Italian poets, he brought himself back to nature. And he not...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRESCIMBENI
kp-eb0707-046206-3278
CRESSY, a market-town in the department of the Somme, in France, on the river Maye. It contains at present 1318 inhabitants; but its ançient celebrity was derived from the victory gained on the field to the southwest of the town in the year 1346, by the English army under Edward the Black Prince.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRESSY
kp-eb0707-046207-3278
CREST, in armoury, denotes the uppermost part of an armoury, or that part rising over the cask or helmet. Next to the mantle, says Guillim, the crest or cognizance claims the highest place, being seated on the most eminent part of the helmet, yet so as to admit an interposition of some escrol, wreath, chapeau, crown, o...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CREST
kp-eb0707-046301-3291
CRETE, one of the largest islands in the Mediterranean, situated between the 35th and 36th degrees of east longitude, and between the 22d and 27th degrees of north latitude. The Cretan mythologists, quoted by Diodorus Siculus, relate that the first inhabitants of the island were the Dactyli Idaei, who dwelt around Moun...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRETE
kp-eb0707-046601-3330
CRETIO, in Antiquity, a certain number of days allowed to the heir to consider whether he would act as heir to the deceased or not; after which time, if he did not take up the inheritance, he was excluded from the state.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRETIO
kp-eb0707-046602-3330
CREUX, a term in sculpture, used by the French, though not yet naturalized amongst us; but the want of a word of equal import in English pleads strongly for its admission into our language. , Creux originally signifies a hollow, cavity, or pit, out of which something has been sçooped; and hence it is used to denote th...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CREUX
kp-eb0707-046701-3343
CREVIER, John Baptiste Louis, was trained under the celebrated Rollin, and afterwards became professor of rhetoric in the college of Beauvais, an office which he held for more than twenty years, discharging its duties with equal zeal and success. Upon the death of his master in 1741, he undertook to complete his Roman ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CREVIER
kp-eb0707-046702-3343
CREUSA, in fabulous history, the daughter of Creon, king of Corinth. As she was going to marry Jason, who had divorced Medea, she put on a poisoned garment, which immediately set her body on fire, and she expired in the most excruciating torments. She had received this gown as a gift from Medea, who took that method of...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CREUSA
kp-eb0707-046703-3343
CREUSE, a department of France, formed out of the ancient country of La Marche, and of a small part of Lower Auvergne. It is bounded on the north by the departments of the Indre and Cher, on the east by those of the Allier and Puy-de-Dome, on the south by Corrèze, and on the west by Upper Vienne. Its extent is 2332 squ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CREUSE
kp-eb0707-046704-3343
CREWKERNE, a town in the hundred of the same ιame, in the county of Somerset, 131 miles from London. The town is situated in a fertile valley, watered by the rivers Axe and Parret∙ It has a good market, which is held on Saturday. The inhabitants amounted in 1811 to 3012, in 1821 to 3434, and in 1831 to 3789.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CREWKERNE
kp-eb0707-046705-3343
CRIB, the rack or manger of a stable, or the stall or cabin of an ox. It is also used for any small habitation, as a cottage, or the like.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRIB
kp-eb0707-046706-3343
CRICELASIA, the driving a ring or hoop. Driving a hoop was one of the ancient gymnastics.) The hoop was as high as the breast of the person who used it; and it was commended for rendering the limbs pliable, and for strengthening the nerves.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRICELASIA
kp-eb0707-046707-3343
CRICHTON, James, commonly known by the appellation of the Admirable Crichton, was born on the 19th of August 1560.^[1. An Italian broadside, printed at Venice in 1580, states that he had completed the twentieth year of his age on the 19th of August, l’his curious document, which was lately discovered, and which affords...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRICHTON
kp-eb0707-047101-3395
CRICKL ADE, an ancient borough-town of the hundred of Highworth, in Wiltshire, eighty∙four miles from London. It is united by means of a canal to the rivers Tliames and Severn. The market is held on Saturday. The population amounted in 1811 to 1393, in 1821 to 1485, and in 1831 to 1642.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRICKL ADE
kp-eb0707-047102-3395
CRIM Tartars, a people of Asia, so called because they originally came from Crimea. They rove from place to place in search of pastures. There are a great number of them about Astracan, to which place they flock in the winter time; but they are not permitted to enter the city. For this reason they erect in the open fie...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRIM
kp-eb0707-047103-3395
CRIMES and Punishments. See Penal Jurisprudence.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRIMES
kp-eb0707-047104-3395
CRIMEA, or Crim Tartary, anciently the Chersonesus Taurica, a peninsula situated directly to the south of St Petersburg, between the 44th and 46 th degrees of north latitude, and in 34 degrees of east longitude. Its southern and western coasts are on the Euxine, its northern and eastern on the Putrid Sea and the Sea of...
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CRIMEA
kp-eb0707-047301-3421
CRISPIN andCrispianus, two legendary saints whose festival, as marked in the calendar, is on the 25th of October. According to the legend, they were brethren, 1 born at Rome, whence they travelled to Soissons, in France, about the year 303, to propagate the Christian religion; and because they would not be chargeable t...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRISPIN
kp-eb0707-047302-3421
CRITHOMANCY, a kind of divination, performed by considering the doilgh or matter of the cakes offered in sacrifice, and the meal strewed over the victims which were to be slain. Hence, as barley-meal was commonly used in these ceremonies, this kind of divination was called crithomancy, from %g.'d97, barley, and μawua, ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRITHOMANCY
kp-eb0707-047303-3421
CRITIAS, one of the thirty tyrants set over Athens by the Spartans. He was eloquent and well bred, but of dangerous principles, and cruelly persecuted his enemies, whom he put to death. He was killed about four hundred years before the Augustan age, in a battle against those citizens whom his oppression had banished. H...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRITIAS
kp-eb0707-047304-3421
CRITICISM, the art of judging with propriety concerning any object or combination of objects. But, in a more limited sense, the science of criticism is confined to the fine arts. The principles of the fine arts are best unfolded by studying the sensitive part of our nature, and by learning what objects are naturally ag...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRITICISM
kp-eb0707-047305-3421
CRITO, an Athenian philosopher, who flourished four hundred years before Christ. He was one of the most zealous disciples of Socrates, and supplied him with whatever he wanted. He had several scholars, who proved great men; and he composed some dialogues, which have unfortunately been lost.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRITO
kp-eb0707-047306-3421
CRITOLAUS, a citizen of Tegea, in Arcadia. He, along with two brothers, fought against the three sons of Demonstratus of Pheneus, in order to put an end to a long war between their respective nations. But the brothers of Critolaus were both killed, and he alone remained to withstand his three bold antagonists. He conqu...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRITOLAUS
kp-eb0707-047307-3421
CROATIA, a part of the ancient Illyricum, is bounded on the east by Sclavonia and Bosnia, on the south and south-west by Morlachia, and on the north by the Drave, which separates it from part of Sclavonia. It is about 160 miles in length, and 100 in breadth, and was once divided between the Hungarians and Turks; but no...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROATIA
kp-eb0707-047401-3434
CROESUS, the last king of Lydia, was remarkable for his riches and conquests, his temporary prosperity, and sad reverse of fortune. He subdued the Phrygians, Mysians, Paphlagonians, Thracians, and Carians, amassed immense treasures, and became one of the most powerful and magnificent of princes. He invited the learned ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROESUS
kp-eb0707-047501-3447
CROISERS, a religious order founded in honour of the invention or discovery of the cross by the Empress Helena. They were dispersed in several parts of Europe, particularly in the Low Countries, France, Bohemia, and Italy, where, however, they were soon suppressed. These religious persons followed the rule of St August...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROISERS
kp-eb0707-047502-3447
CROISES, or Croizes, in English antiquity, pilgrims bound for the Holy Land, or such as had been there; so called from a badge they wore in imitation of a cross. The knights of St John of Jerusalem, created for the defence and protection of pilgrims, were particularly called Croisés.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROISES
kp-eb0707-047503-3447
CROIX, Francis Petit de la, secretary and interpreter to the king of France, in the Turkish and Arabic languages, was born in 1622, and died in 1695, in his seventy-third year, after having held this employment for the space of forty-four years. It appears that'he executed the duty of his office with as much integrity ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROIX
kp-eb0707-047504-3447
CROMARTY, one of the northern counties of Scotland, comprehends what is called the old shire, situated between the Frith of Cromarty on the north, and the Moray Frith on the south, containing about eighteen square miles, and also a number of detached tracts scattered throughout the extensive county of Ross, annexed to ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROMARTY
kp-eb0707-047601-3460
CROMER, a market-town of Norfolk, on the shore of the German Ocean, frequented in the summer by sea bathers. It is 130 miles from London, and was once much larger, but the sea has encroached upon its limits. Its inhabitants amounted in 1811 to 842, in 1821 to 1023. and in 1831 to 1232.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROMER
kp-eb0707-047602-3460
CROMLECH, in British antiquities, huge, broad, flat stones, raised upon other stones set upright for the purpose. These monuments are spoken of by Mr Rowland, by Dr Borlase, and by Wormius, under the appellation of Arcz, or altars. Mr Rowland, however, partlyinclines to the notion of their having been altars, partly to...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROMLECH
kp-eb0707-047603-3460
CROMWELL, Thomas, Earl of Essex, was the son of a blacksmith at Putney, and born in 1498. Without a liberal education, but endowed with strong natural genius, he considered travelling as the proper means of improving his understanding; and to this early token of his sound judgment he stood indebted for the high rank an...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROMWELL
kp-eb0707-047901-3499
CRONIUS, in Chronology, the ancient name of the Athenian month Hecatombaeon, which was the first of their year, and answered to the latter part of our June and the beginning of July. There were feasts called Cronienes celebrated at Athens in this month, in honour of Saturn, and answering to the Saturnalia of the Romans...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRONIUS
kp-eb0707-047902-3499
CRONOBERG, one of the provinces into which the kingdom of Sweden is divided. It is bounded on the north by Ionkoping, on the east by Kalmar, on the south by Carlscrona and Christianstadt, and on the west by Halmstadt. It extends over 1760 square miles, and contains 89,631 inhabitants, in one city and 2482 hamlets. The ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRONOBERG
kp-eb0707-047903-3499
CRONSTADT, a city of Russia, in Europe, in the province of Petersburg. It is built on the island of Kodlin or Codlin, which is about six miles in length and one in breadth, and on both sides of which is a fair channel to Petersburg; but the southern one is preferable. The city is on the eastern end of the island, and i...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CRONSTADT
kp-eb0707-048001-3512
CROSIER, or Crozier, a shepherd’s crook, and the symbol of pastoral authority, consisting of a gold or silver staff, curved or bent at the top, carried occasionally before bishops and abbots, and held in the hand when they give the solemn benedictions. The custom of bearing a pastoral staff before bishops is very ancie...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROSIER
kp-eb0707-048002-3512
CROSLET, in Heraldry, is when a cross is crossed again at a small distance from each of the ends. Upton says it is not so often borne by itself in arms as other crosses are, but often in diminutives, that is, in small croslets scattered about the field.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROSLET
kp-eb0707-048003-3512
CROSS, a gibbet made with two pieces of wood placed crosswise, whether they cross at right angles at the top, thus j-, or in the middle of their length, thus × . The cross to which our Saviour was fastened, and on which he died, was of the former kind, at least it is thus represented on old monuments and coins; and St ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROSS
kp-eb0707-048101-3525
CROTALUM, an ancient kind of castagnetta, or musical instrument, found on medals in the hands of the priests of Cybele. The crotalum differed from the sistrum, though authors frequently confound them. It consisted of two little brass plates or rods, which were shaken in the hand, and in striking against each other made...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CROTALUM
kp-eb0707-048201-3538
CROTALYSTRIAE, in Antiquity, a kind of mprrice dancers, admitted to entertainments, in order to divert the company with their dancing and playing on an instrument called crotalum, whence they had their name.
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CROTALYSTRIAE
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CROTCHET, in Music, one of the notes or characters of time, equal to half a minim, and double of a quaver. Crotchets are also marks or characters, serving to inclose a word or sentence which is distinguished from the rest, being generally in this form ].
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CROTCHET
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CROTO, or Crotona, in Ancient Geography·, a noble city of the Brutti, founded by an Achean colony 759 years before the Augustan age, and situated 150 stadia to the north of Lacinium, and in the neighbourhood of Metapontum, in the bay of Tarentum. Pythagoras, after his long peregrinations in search of knowledge, fixed h...
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CROTO
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CROUSAZ, Jean Pierre de, was born at Lausanne on the 13th of April 1663. He was one of the most prolific writers of the eighteenth century; but his works seldom rise above mediocrity, and are now but little read. He was a Protestant of noble extraction, and his father destined him for the profession of arms, but he pre...
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CROUSAZ
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CROW, in Mechanics, a kind of iron lever, with a claw at one end and a sharp point at the other, used for heaving or purchasing great weights. Crow's Pill, among surgeons, a kind of forceps for extracting bullets and other foreign bodies out of wounds. Crow's Feet, in the military art, machines of iron, having four p...
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CROW
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CROWLAND, a town of the hundred of Elloe, in the county of Lincoln, in which formerly stood one of the largest abbeys of the kingdom. As the town is intersected with water-courses, there is a curious triangular bridge which connects the several portions, with an inscription bearing the date of 860. The inhabitants amou...
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CROWLAND
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CROWLE, a market-town in the wapentake of Manby, in the county of Lincoln, 166 miles from London. It is situated in a marshy district, formerly the isle of Axholm, but now by draining made a part of the surrounding country. The inhabitants amounted in 1811 to 1424, in 1821 to 1729, and in 1831 to 2113. [7:7:483]
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CROWLE
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CROWN, an ornament worn on the head by kings and sovereign princes, as a mark of their dignity. In scripture there is frequent mention of crowns, and the use of them seems to have been common among the Hebrews. The high priest wore a crown, which was a fillet of gold placed upon the forehead, and fastened with a ribbo...
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CROWN
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CROWNE, John, a celebrated dramatic writer, born in Nova Scotia, where his father was a minister. Being impatient of the gloomy restraint of that country, he came to England, where he was reduced to enter into the service of an old lady; but of this he soon became as weary as he had been of America. He then had recours...
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CROWNE
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CROXAL, Samuel, an ingenious English divine, who in his youth wrote the poem entitled the Fair Circassian. He had the livings of Hampton in Middlesex, and the united parishes of St Mary Somerset and St Mary Mounthaw in London, both of which he held till his death in 1751. He published many other poems and translations,...
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CROXAL
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CROY, or Crouy, an island in the Indian Ocean, discovered by Kerguelen in 1773. It is about nine miles in circumference. Long. 68. 34. Ľ. Lat. 48. 10. S.
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CROY
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CROYDON, a town in the hundred of Wallington, in the county of Surrey, ten miles from London. It is well built, and pleasantly situated at the foot of the Banstead range of hills. The church is a fine Gothic structure, and near it are the remains of the ancient palace of the archbishops of Canterbury, now converted int...
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CROYDON
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CRUCIFIX, a cross upon which the body of Christ is fastened in effigy, used by the Roman Catholics in order to excite in their minds a strong idea of our Saviour’s passion.
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CRUCIFIX
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CRUCIFIXION, a mode of inflicting capital punishment by affixing the criminal to a wooden cross. This was a kind of punishment frequent among the ancients; but, in modern times, it has been confined chiefly to the Mahommedans. On receiving sentence of condemnation, the criminal was scourged, by way of prelude to the cr...
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CRUCIFIXION
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CRUCIFORM, in general, something disposed crosswise, but more especially used by botanists for flowers consisting of four petals disposed in the form of a cross. [7:7:484]
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CRUCIFORM
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CRUSADES, A name given to the military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe for the deliverance of the Holy Land from the dominion of the Saracens and Turks. About seventy years after the death of Christ, Jerusalem was taken and destroyed by Titus. But, sixty years afterwards, the city was rebuilt by Ha...
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CRUSADES, A
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CRUSCA, an Italian term signifying bran, was employed to denote that celebrated academy called Della Crusea, established at Florence for purifying and perfecting the Tuscan language. The academy took its name from its office, and the end proposed by it, which is to refine the language, and as it were to separate the ch...
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CRUSCA
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CRUSTACEA. The subjects of the animal kingdom to which, in this article, we propose to direct the attention of our readers, were considered as related to Insects by the authors of the most popular systems of zoology of recent times. In common life they are confounded with animals of a very different character, under t...
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CRUSTACEA
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CRUTH, or Crowtn, a kind of musical instrument formerly in use among the common people in Wales. It is of the fidicinal kind, and somewhat resembles a violin, being twelve inches in length, and an inch and a half in thickness. It has six strings supported by a bridge, and is played on with a bow. The bridge differs fro...
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CRUTH
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CRUZADO, in Commerce, a Portuguese coin, struck under Alphonsus V. about the year 1457, at the time when Pope Calixtus sent thither the bull for a crusade against the infidels. This coin has a cross on one side, and the arms of Portugal on the other.
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CRUZADO
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CRYOLITE, alumine fluatée alkaline, Haüy ; cryone, hatloide, Haidinger. This rare mineral is of a snow-white colour. It was originally brought by a missionary from Greenland to Copenhagen, where, from its resemblance to the common varieties of the sulphate of barytes, it lay neglected for many years. At length Abildga...
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CRYOLITE
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CRYOPHORUS, a name given by Dr Wollaston to an instrument of his invention, which serves to illustrate the theory of heat. It is described by him in the Philosophical Transactions, 1813, p. 71. The form of this instrument may be readily conceived without a figure. It is a glass tube, bent into the form of the Greek let...
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CRYOPHORUS
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CRYPTA, a subterraneous cell or vault, especially under a church, for the interment of particular families or persons. Ciampini, describing the outside of the Vatican, speaks of the cryptae of St Andrew, St Paul, and others. The word is formed of κcυ∙τrω, abscondo, to hide, cover, or conceal. Vitruvius uses the word c...
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CRYPTA
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CRYPTOGAMIA (from zguwro¢, occultus, concealed, and γaμος, nuptia, nuptials), the twenty-fourth class in the Ĺinnaean system, comprehending those plants, the fructification of which is concealed, either through minuteness, or within the fruit.
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CRYPTOGAMIA
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CRYPTOGRAPHY, the art of writing in cipher, or with sympathetic ink. Amongst the methods which Ovid teaches young women, in order to deceive their guardians, when they write to their lovers, he mentions that of writing with new milk, and of making the writing legible by means of coal dust or soot; from which it appears...
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CRYPTOGRAPHY
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CRYSTAL, in its original import, signifies ice. It was afterwards applied to rock-crystal, or crystallized siliceous earth; for the ancients, according to Pliny, regarded that body as water which had been congealed by the action of cold. Crystal, a species of stone belonging to the quartz or siliceous genus. See Miner...
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CRYSTAL
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CRYSTALLINE, in general, something composed of or resembling crystal. Crystalline Heavens, in Ancient Astronomy, two spheres imagined between the primum mobile and the firmament, in the Ptolemaic system, which supposes the heavens solid, and only susceptible of a single motion. See Astronomy.
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CRYSTALLINE
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CRYSTALLIZATION. Crystallization is the symmetrical arrangement of the particles of a body when it passes from the liquid to the solid form. This arrangement is determined by the mutual action of the small solids of which the body is composed; and these solids are separated from the liquid by their force of cohesion. ...
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CRYSTALLIZATION
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CTESIAS, a native of Cnidos, who accompanied Cyrus the son of Darius in his expedition against his brother Artaxerxes, by whom he was taken prisoner. But having cured Artaxerxes of a wound which he had received in the battle, he became a great favourite at the court of Persia, where he continued practising physic for s...
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CTESIAS
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CTESIBIUS, a mathematician of Alexandria, who flourished about 120 years before Christ. He was the first who invented the pump; and he also invented a clepsydra, or water-clock. His invention for measuring time by means of water was exceedingly ingenious. The water was made to fall upon wheels, which it turned; and the...
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CTESIBIUS
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CTESIPHON, a celebrated Greek architect, who furnished the designs of the famous temple of Ephesus, and invented a machine for transporting the columns to be used in that noble structure. He flourished 544 years before Christ.
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CTESIPHON
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CUB, a bear’s whelp. Among hunters, a fox and marten of the first year are also called cubs.
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CUB
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CUBA, the largest and most westerly of the Antilles. Its configuration, extent, geographical position, great number of ports, fertility, and climate, contribute to render it one of the most interesting countries of America. Its length, from Cape St Antonio to Point Maisi, in a direction from west-south-west to east-nor...
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CUBA
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CUBE, in Geometry, a solid body consisting of six equal sides. CuBE∙Iioot of any number or quantity is a number or quantity which, if multiplied into itself, and then again the product thence arising by the same number or quantity, being the cube-root, the last product shall be equal to the number or quantity of which...
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CUBE
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CUBIT, in the mensuration of the ancients, a measure of length equal to that of a man’s arm from the elbow to the tip of the fingers. Dr Ąrbuthnot makes the English cubit equal to eighteen inches, the Roman cubit equal to one foot 5∙406 inches, and the cubit of the Scripture equal to one foot 9∙888 inches. CUCKING∙Sto...
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CUBIT
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CUCKOW. See Ornithology.
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CUCKOW
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CUCUMIS, the Cucumber. See Horticulture.
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CUCUMIS
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CUCURBIT, the name of a chemical vessel employed in distillation. It derives its name from its elongated form in shape of a gourd. Some cucurbits, however, are shallow and wide mouthed. They are made of copper, tin, glass, and stoneware, according to the nature of the substances to be distilled. A cucurbit, provided wi...
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CUCURBIT
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CUDDALORE, a town of Hindustan, in the south of India, and province of the Carnatic. It is situated on the western shore of the Bay of Bengal; and its position, naturally strong, would have afforded a more commodious place for the chief British settlement on the coast of Coromandel than Madras. The English East India C...
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11 44' N 79 52' E
CUDDALORE
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CUDDAPAH, or Curpa, an extensive district of Hindustan, in the province of Golconda, formerly governed by a nabob, who received his appointment from the court of Delhi. It subsequently fell into the hands of the Nizam of the Deccan, by whom, in the year 1800, it was ceded to the British. It is now subdivided into two c...
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CUDDAPAH
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CUDDY, in a first-rate man of war, is a place lying between the captain-lieutenant’s cabin and the quarterdeck, and divided into partitions for the master and other officers. It denotes also a kind of cabin near the stern of a lighter or barge of burden.
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
CUDDY
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CUDWORTH, Ralph, a very learned philosopher and divine of the seventeenth century, was born at Aller, in Somersetshire, in 1617, and studied at Cambridge, where he distinguished himself as a tutor, and had as a pupil the celebrated Mr, afterwards Sir William, Temple, in 1641 he was presented to the rectory of North Cad...
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CUDWORTH
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CUENCA, a province of New Castille, in Spain, of which division it occupies the most eastern part. It is a very mountainous country in general, though between the ridges of the hills several rivers run, within the influence of which some degree of fertility exists. It lies between 38° 55' and 41° 22' north latitude; it...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
40 7' N 2 16' W
CUENCA
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CUENZA, or Bamba, a town of Colombia, in Quito, and the capital of a province. The streets are straight and broad, and the houses are mostly built of unburned bricks. The town contains three churches, four convents, two nunneries, an hospital, a chamber of finance, and other edifices. The environs are very fertile and ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
2 55' S 79 13' W
CUENZA
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CUERENHERT, Theodore Van, a very remarkable person, was a native of Amsterdam, where he was born in 1522. He was a man of science, and, according to report, also a poet. The sister arts at first he considered as an amusement only; but in the end he was obliged to have recourse to engraving alone for his support; and th...
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CUERENHERT
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CUERPO. To walk in cucrpo is a Spanish phrase for going without a cloak, or without the formalities of a full dress.
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CUERPO
kp-eb0707-052902-4149
CUFA, a town of Irak Arabi, founded by the caliph Omar after the ruin of Ctesiphon. It was the residence of the caliphs until Almanzor removed the seat of government to Bagdad. It afterwards fell into· decay, and at present there remains little more of it than the mosque in which Ali was assassinated. This is a plain b...
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CUFA
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CUFF, Henry, the unfortunate secretary of the unfortunate Earl of Essex, was born at Hinton St George, in Somersetshire, about the year 1560, and descended of a respectable family, who were possessed of considerable estates in that county. In 1576 he was entered of Trinity College, Oxford, where he soon acquired consid...
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CUFF
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CUIRASSE, a piece of defensive armour made of iron plate, well hammered, and serving to cover the body, from the neck to the girdle, both before and behind. Some derive the word from the Italian cuore, the heart, because the cuirasse covered that part; others from the French cuir, or the Latin corium, leather, because ...
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CUIRASSE
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CUIRASSIERS, a sort of heavy cavalry armed with cuirasses. All the powers and states of the Continent, great and small, have at present, we believe, regiments of cuirassiers; and Great Britain has at length followed their example, the regiments of life guards being now provided with cuirasses. The propriety of this inn...
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CUIRASSIERS
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CUJAS, in Latin Cujacius, James, was born at Toulouse in 1520. His father was a fuller, and his real name Cujaus, but, by way of softening it, he afterwards abridged it into Cujas. But if, when young and poor, he curtailed his name, at a more advanced age, when fortune had become more propitious, he extended it, and th...
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CUJAS
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CULDEE, in Ecclesiastical History, a sort of monkish priests formerly inhabiting Scotland and Ireland. Being rem’arkable for the religious exercises of preaching and praying, they were called, by way of eminence, dei cultores ; and hence seems to be derived the word culdees. They made choice of one of their own fratern...
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CULDEE
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CULEUS, in Roman antiquity, the largest measure of capacity for things liquid, containing twenty amphorae, or forty urnae. It contained 143 gallons three pints English wine-measure, or 11,095 solid inches.
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CULEUS
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CULLEN, a royal burgh of Scotland, in the county of Banff. It is situated on a commanding eminence which overlooks the sea, and possesses a harbour, which, however, is of little use. The manufacture and bleaching of linen goods are now carried on with considerable success, and dried fish are exported to some extent. Th...
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CULLEN
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CULLERA, a city of Spain, in the province of Valencia, not far from the mouth of the Xucar, containing 5000 inhabitants. Many trades and a great deal of fishing are carried on here.
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CULLERA
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CULLODEN, a place in Inverness-shire, the scene of the last battle fought between the house of Stuart and that of Hanover, on the 16th April 1746, in which the hopes of the former were for ever extinguished. The field of battle is a vast tract of table land, covered with heath, over which are scattered a few cottages. ...
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CULLODEN
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CULM, or Culmus, among botanists, a straw or haulm, defined byLinnaeus to be the proper trunk of the grasses, which elevates the leaves, flower, and fruit. This sort of trunk is tubular or hollow, and has frequently knots or joints distributed at proper distances throughout its whole length. The leaves are long, sleek...
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CULM
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CULMIFEROUS Plants (from culmus, a straw or haulm), plants, so called, which have a smooth jointed stalk, usually hollow, and wrapped about at each joint with single, narrow, sharp-pointed leaves, and the seeds contained in chaffy husks. Such are oats, wheat, barley, rye, and the other plants of the natural family of t...
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CULMIFEROUS
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CULMINATION, in Astronomy, the passage of any heavenly body over the meridian, or its greatest altitude for a given day.
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CULMINATION
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CULNA, a town of Bengal, on the northern bank of one of the numerous streams which constitute the delta of the Ganges. At this place boats generally stop to take in a stock of fresh water and provisions, and to procure a pilot to convey them through the intricate navigation of the Sunderbunds. Long. 89. 32. E. Lat. 22....
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CULNA
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CULPEE, a town of Bengal, in the district of Hooghly, situated on the eastern bank of the river Hooghly. The town stands thirty-three miles below Calcutta, at the mouth of a creek which gives shelter to boats from the impetuosity of the tide, which runs there with great violence. Opposite the town is the place of ancho...
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA, SEVENTH EDITION: A MACHINE-READABLE TEXT TRANSCRIPTION (v3.1), The Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project, 2024 nckp@temple.edu, https://tu-plogan.github.io/. License: CC-BY-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, ...
22 6' N 88 25' E
CULPEE