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kp-eb0901-005103-0066m
ABOLITIONIST. See Slavery.
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ABOLITIONIST
kp-eb0901-005104-0066m
ABOMASUM, caillette, the fourth or rennet stomach of Ruminantia. From the omasum the food is finally deposited in the abomasum, a cavity considerably larger than either the second or third stomach, although less than the first. The base of the abomasum is turned to the omasum. It is of an irregular conical form. It is ...
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ABOMASUM
kp-eb0901-005105-0066m
ABOMEY, the capital of Dahomey, in West Africa, is situated in N. lat. 7°, E. long. 2° 4', about 60 miles N. of Whydah, the port of the kingdom. It is a clay-built town, surrounded by a moat and mud walls, and occupies a large area, part of which is cultivated. The houses stand apart; there are no regular streets; and ...
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7 N 2 4' E
ABOMEY
kp-eb0901-005106-0066m
ABORIGINES, originally a proper name given to an Italian people who inhabited the ancient Latium, or country now called Campagna di Roma. Various deriva tions of this name have been suggested; but there can be scarcely any doubt that the usual derivation (ab origine) is correct, and that the word simply indicated a set...
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ABORIGINES
kp-eb0901-005201-0067m
ABORTION, in Midwifery (from aborior, I perish), the premature separation and expulsion of the contents of the pregnant uterus. When occurring before the eighth lunar month of gestation, abortion is the term ordinarily employed, but subsequent to this period it is designated premature labour. The present notice include...
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ABORTION
kp-eb0901-005202-0067m
ABOUKIR, a small village on the coast of Egypt, 13 miles N.E. of Alexandria, containing a castle which was used as a state prison by Mehemet Ali. Near the village, and connected with the shore by a chain of rocks, is a small island remarkable for remains of ancient buildings. Stretching to the eastward as far as the Ro...
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ABOUKIR
kp-eb0901-005203-0067m
ABRABANEL, Isaac (called also Abravanel , Abarbanel, Barbanella, and Ravanella), a celebrated Jewish statesman, philosopher, theologian, and commentator, was born at Lisbon in 1437. He belonged to an ancient family that claimed descent from the royal house of David, and his parents gave him an education becoming so ren...
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ABRABANEL
kp-eb0901-005204-0067m
ABRACADABRA, a meaningless word once supposed to have a magical efficacy as an antidote against agues and other fevers. Ridiculously minute directions for the proper use of the charm are given in the Proecepta de Medicina of Serenus Sammonicus. The paper on which the word was written had to be folded in the form of a c...
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ABRACADABRA
kp-eb0901-005205-0067m
ABRAHAM or ABRAM, father of the Israelite race, was the first-born son of Terah, a Shemite, who left Ur of the Chaldees, in the north-east of Mesopotamia, along with Abram, Sarai, and Lot, and turned westwards in the direction of Canaan. Abram had married his half-sister Sarai, who was ten years younger than himself; a...
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ABRAHAM or ABRAM
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ABRAHAM-A-SANCTA-CLARA, was born at Krähenheimstetten, a village in Suabia, on the 4th of June 1642. His family name was Ulrich Megerle. In 1662 he joined the order of Barefooted Augustinians, and assumed the name by which alone he is now known. In this order he rose step by step until he became prior provincialis and ...
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ABRAHAM-A-SANCTA-CLARA
kp-eb0901-005502-0070m
ABRANTES, a town of Portugal, Estremadura province, on the Tagus, about 70 miles N.E. of Lisbon, delightfully situated on the brow of a hill, of which the slopes are covered with olive trees, gardens, and vineyards. It has considerable trade with Lisbon, particularly in fruit, corn, and oil. The town is strongly fortif...
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ABRANTES
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ABRANTES, Duke and Duchess of. See Junot.
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ABRANTES
kp-eb0901-005602-0071m
ABRAXAS, or Abrasax, a word engraved on certain antique stones, which were called on that account Abraxas stones, and were used as amulets or charms. The Basili-dians, a Gnostic sect, attached importance to the word, if, indeed, they did not bring it into use. The letters of ά β ρ aξ ά s, in the Greek notation, make up...
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ABRAXAS
kp-eb0901-005603-0071m
ABRUZZO, originally one of the four provinces of the continental part of the kingdom of the two Sicilies, afterward subdivided into Abruzzo Ulteriore I., Abruzzo Ulteriore II., and Abruzzo Citeriore, which were so named from their position relative to Naples, and now form three of the provinces of the kingdom of Italy....
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ABRUZZO
kp-eb0901-005604-0071m
ABSALOM (אבשלום, father of peace), the third son of David, king of Israel. He was deemed the handsomest man in the kingdom. His sister Tamar having been violated by Amnon, David’s eldest son, Absalom caused his servants to murder Amnon at a feast, to which he had invited all the king’s sons. After this deed he fled to ...
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ABSALOM (אבשלום
kp-eb0901-005701-0072m
ABSALON, Archbishop of Lund, in Denmark, was born in 1128, near Soroe in Zealand, his family name being Axel. In 1148 he went to study at Paris, where a college for Danes had been established. He afterwards travelled extensively in different countries; and returning to Denmark in 1157, was the year after chosen Bishop ...
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ABSALON
kp-eb0901-005702-0072m
ABSCESS, in Surgery (from abscedo, to separate), a collection of pus among the tissues of the body, the result of inflammation. Abscesses are divided into acute and chronic. See Surgery.
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ABSCESS
kp-eb0901-005703-0072m
ABSINTHE, a liqueur or aromatised spirit, prepared by pounding the leaves and flowering tops of various species of wormwood, chiefly Artemisia Absinthium, along with angelica root (Archangelica officinalis'), sweet flag root (Acorus Calamus), the leaves of dittany of Crete (Origanum Dictamnus), star-anise fruit (Illici...
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ABSINTHE
kp-eb0901-005704-0072m
ABSOLUTE (from the Latin absolvere), having the general meaning of loosened from, or unrestricted, in which sense it is popularly used to qualify such words as “monarchy” or “power,” has been variously employed in philosophy. Logicians use it to mark certain classes of names. Thus a term has been called absolute in opp...
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ABSOLUTE (from the Latin absolvere)
kp-eb0901-005801-0073m
ABSOLUTION, a term used in civil and ecclesiastical law, denotes the act of setting free or acquitting. In a criminal process it signifies the acquittal of an accused person on the ground that the evidence has either disproved or failed to prove the charge brought against him. It is now little used except in Scotch law...
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ABSOLUTION
kp-eb0901-005802-0073m
ABSORPTION, in the animal economy, the function possessed by the absorbent system of vessels of taking up nutritive and other fluids. See Physiology.
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ABSORPTION
kp-eb0901-005803-0073m
ABSTEMII, a name formerly given to such persons as could not partake of the cup of the eucharist on account of their natural aversion to wine. Calvinists allowed these to communicate in the species of bread only, touching the cup with their lip; which was by the Lutherans deemed a profanation. Among several Protestant ...
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ABSTEMII
kp-eb0901-005804-0073m
ABSTRACTION, in Psychology and Logic, is a word used in several distinguishable but closely allied senses. First, in a comprehensive sense, it is often applied to that process by which we fix the attention upon one part of what is present to the mind, to the exclusion of another part; abstraction thus conceived being m...
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ABSTRACTION
kp-eb0901-005901-0074m
ABSURDUM, Reductio ad, a mode of demonstrating the truth of a proposition, by showing that its contradictory leads to an absurdity. It is much employed by Euclid.
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ABSURDUM
kp-eb0901-005902-0074m
ABU, a celebrated mountain of Western India, between 5000 and 6000 feet in height, situated in 24° 40' N. lat., and 72° 48' E. long., within the Rájputáná State of Sirohi. It is celebrated as the site of the most ancient Jain temples in India, and attracts pilgrims from all parts of the country. The Jains are the moder...
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24 40' N 72 48' E
ABU
kp-eb0901-006001-0075m
ABU-BEKR(father of the virgin), was originally called Abd-el-Caaba (servant of the temple), and received the name by which he is known historically in consequence of the marriage of his virgin daughter Ayesha to Mohammed. He was born at Mecca in the year 573 a.d., a Koreishite of the tribe of Benn-Taim. Possessed of im...
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ABU-BEKR(father of the virgin)
kp-eb0901-006002-0075m
ABULFARAGIUS, Gregor Abulfaraj (called also Barhebraeus, from his Jewish parentage), was born at Malaria, in Armenia, in 1226. His father Aaron was a physician, and Abulfaragius, after studying under him, also practised medicine with great success. His command of the Arabic, Syriac, and Greek languages, and his knowled...
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ABULFARAGIUS
kp-eb0901-006003-0075m
ABULFAZL, vizier and historiographer of the great Mongol emperor, Akbar, was born about the middle of the 16th century, the precise date being uncertain. His career as a minister of state, brilliant though it was, would probably have been by this time forgotten but for the record he himself has left of it in his celebr...
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ABULFAZL
kp-eb0901-006004-0075m
ABULFEDA, Ismael ben-Ali, Emad-eddin, the celebrated Arabian historian and geographer, born at Damascus in the year 672 of the Hegira (1273 a.d.), was directly descended from Ayub, the father of the emperor Saladin. In his boyhood he devoted himself to the study of the Koran and the sciences, but from his twelfth year ...
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ABULFEDA
kp-eb0901-006101-0076m
ABULGHAZI-BAHADUR (1605-1663), a khan of Khiva, of the race of Genghis-Khan, who, after abdicating in favour of his son, employed his leisure in writing a history of the Mongols and Tartars. He produced a valuable work, which has been translated into German, French, and Russian.
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ABULGHAZI-BAHADUR (1605-1663)
kp-eb0901-006102-0076m
ABUNA, the title given to the archbishop or metropolitan of Abyssinia.
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ABUNA
kp-eb0901-006103-0076m
ABUSHEHR. See Bushire.
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ABUSHEHR
kp-eb0901-006104-0076m
ABU-SIMBEL, or Ipsambul, the ancient Aboccis or Abuncis, a place in Nubia, on the left bank of the Nile, about 50 miles S.W. of Derr, remarkable for its ancient Egyptian temples and colossal figures hewn out of the solid rock. For a description of these see Nubia.
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ABU-SIMBEL
kp-eb0901-006105-0076m
ABU-TEMAN, one of the most highly esteemed of Arabian poets, was born at Djacem in the year 190 of the Hegira (806 a.D.) In the little that is told of his life it is difficult to distinguish between truth and fable. He seems to have lived in Egypt in his youth, and to have been engaged in servile employment, but his ra...
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ABU-TEMAN
kp-eb0901-006106-0076m
ABYDOS (1.), in Ancient Geography, a city of Mysia in Asia Minor, situated on the Hellespont, which is here scarcely a mile broad. It probably was originally a Thracian town, but was afterwards colonised by Milesians. Nearly opposite, on the European side of the Hellespont, stood Sestos; and it was here that Xerxes cro...
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ABYDOS (1
kp-eb0901-006107-0076m
ABYDOS (2.), in Ancient Geography, a town of Upper Egypt, a little to the west of the Nile, between Ptolemais and Diospolis Parva, famous for the palace of Memnon and the temple of Osiris. Remains of these two edifices are still in existence. In the temple of Osiris Mr Bankes discovered in 1818 the tablet of Abydos, co...
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ABYDOS (2
kp-eb0901-006108-0076m
ABYSSINIA
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ABYSSINIA
kp-eb0901-006109-0076m
ABYSSINIA is an extensive country of Eastern Africa, the limits of which are not well defined, and authorities are by no means agreed respecting them. It may, however, be regarded as lying between 7° 30' and 15° 40' N. lat., and 35° and 40° 30' E. long., having, N. and N.W., Nubia;E., the territory of the Danakils; S.,...
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ABYSSINIA is an extensive country of Eastern Africa
kp-eb0901-006801-0083m
ACACIA, a genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the natural family Leguminosae and the section Mimoseae. The Cowers are small, arranged in rounded or elongated clusters. The leaves are compound pinnate in general· In some instances, however, more especially in the Australian species, the leaf-stalks become flattened, ...
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ACACIA
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ACADEMY
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ACADEMY
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ACADEMY, ἀκαδήμεια,^[1. The bye-form έηαδηία, which occurs in Diogenes Laertius, is probably a rationalistic attempt to interpret the word, such as we commonly meet with in the writings of Plato. ] a suburb of Athens to the north, forming part of the Ceramicus, about a mile beyond the gate named Dypilum. It was said to...
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ACADEMY
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ACADIE, or Acadia, the name borne by Nova Scotia while it remained a French settlement.
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ACADIE
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ACALEPHAe (from ακαλ ή φη , a nettle), a name given to the animals commonly known as jelly-fish, sea-blubber, Medusae, sea-nettles, &c.
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ACALEPHAe (from ακαλ ή φη
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ACANTHOCEPHALA (from άκανθο, a thorn, and κεφάλ ή , the head), a group of parasitic worms, having the heads armed with spines or hooks.
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ACANTHOCEPHALA (from άκανθο
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ACANTHOPTERYGII (from άκανθο., a thorn, and πτ έ ρvξ, a wing), an order of fishes, having bony skeletons with prickly spinous processes in the dorsal fins.
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ACANTHOPTERYGII (from άκανθο
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ACANTHUS, a genus of plants belonging to the natural order Acanthaceae. The species are natives of the southern parts of Europe. The most common species is the Acanthus mollis or Brankursine. It has large, deeply-cut, hairy, shining leaves, which are supposed to have suggested the decoration of the Corinthian column. A...
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ACANTHUS
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ACAPULCO, a town and port in Mexico, on a bay of the Pacific Ocean, about 190 miles S.S.W. of Mexico, in N. lat. 16° 50', W. long. 99° 46'. The harbour, which is the beet on the Pacific coast, is almost completely landlocked. It is easy of access, and the anchorage is so secure that heavily-laden ships can lie close to...
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16 50' N 99 46' W
ACAPULCO
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ACARN ΑΝΙΑ, a province of ancient Greece, now called Carnia. It was bounded on the N. by the Ambracian gulf, on the N.E. by Amphilochia, on the W. and S.W. by the Ionian Sea, and on the E. by Aetolia. It was a hilly country, with numerous lakes and tracts of rich pasture, and its hills are to the present day crowned wi...
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ACARN ΑΝΙΑ
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ACARUS (from άκαρι, a mite), a genus of Arachnides, represented by the cheese mite and other forms.
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ACARUS (from άκαρι
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ACCELERATION is a term employed to denote generally the rate at which the velocity of a body, whoso motion is not uniform, either increases or decreases. As the velocity is continually changing, and cannot therefore be estimated, as in uniform motion, by the space actually passed over in a certain time, its value at an...
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ACCELERATION is a term employed to denote generally the rate at which the velocity of a body
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ACCENT, in reading or speaking, is the stress or pressure of the voice upon a syllable of a word. The derivation of the term (Lat. accentus, quasi adcantus) clearly shows that it was employed by the classical grammarians to express the production of a musical effect. Its origin is therefore to be sought in the natural ...
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ACCENT
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ACCEPTANCE is the act by which a person binds himself to comply with the request contained in a bill of exchange addressed to him by the drawer. In all cases it is understood to be a promise to pay the bill in money, the law not recognising an acceptance in which the promise is [9:1:83] to pay in some other way, as, fo...
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ACCEPTANCE is the act by which a person binds himself to comply with the request contained in a bill of exchange addressed to him by the drawer
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ACCESSION is applied, in a historical or constitutional sense, to the coming to the throne of a dynasty or line of sovereigns, as the accession of the House cf Hanover. The corresponding term, when a single sovereign is spoken of, is “succession.” In law, accession is a method of acquiring property, by which, in things...
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ACCESSION is applied
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ACCESSORY, a person guilty of a felonious offence, not as principal, but by participation; as by advice, command, aid, or concealment. In treason, accessories are excluded, every individual concerned being considered as a principal. In crimes under the degree of felony, also, all persons concerned, if guilty at all, ar...
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ACCESSORY
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ACCIAJUOLI, Donato, was born at Florence in 1428. He was famous for his learning, especially in Greek and mathematics, and for his services to his native state. Having previously been intrusted with several important embassies, he became Gonfalonier of Florence in 1473. He died at Milan in 1478, when on his way to Pari...
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ACCIAJUOLI
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ACCIDENT. An attribute of a thing or class of things, which neither belongs to, nor is in any way deducible from, the essence of that thing or class, is termed its accident. An accident may be either inseparable or separable: the former, when we can conceive it to be absent from that with which it is found, although it...
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ACCIDENT
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ACCIUS, a poet of the 16th century, to whom is attributed A Paraphrase of Aesop' s Fables, of which Julius Scaliger speaks with great praise.
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ACCIUS
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ACCIUS (or Attius), Lucius, a Latin tragic poet, was the son of a freedman, born, according to St Jerome, in the year of Rome 583, though this appears somewhat uncertain. He made himself known before the death of Pacuvius by a dramatic piece, which he exhibited the same year that Pacuvius brought one on the stage, the ...
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ACCIUS (or Attius)
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ACCLAMATION, the expression of the opinion, favourable or unfavourable, of any assembly by means of the voice. Applause denotes strictly a similar expression by [9:1:84] clapping of hands, but this distinction in the usage of the words is by no means uniformly maintained. Among the Romans acclamation was varied both in...
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ACCLAMATION
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ACCLIMATISATION is the process of adaptation by which animals and plants are gradually rendered capable of surviving and flourishing in countries remote from their original habitats, or under meteorological conditions different from those which they have usually to endure, and which are at first injurious to them. The...
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ACCLIMATISATION is the process of adaptation by which animals and plants are gradually rendered capable of surviving and flourishing in countries remote from their original habitats
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ACCOLADE (from collum, the neck), a ceremony anciently used in conferring knighthood; but whether it was an embrace (according to the use of the modern French word, accolade), or a slight blow on the neck or cheek, is not agreed. Both these customs appear to be of great antiquity. Gregory of Tours writes that the early...
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ACCOLADE (from collum
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ACCOLTI, Benedict, was born in 1415 at Arezzo, in Tuscany, of a noble family, several members of which were distinguished like himself for their attainments in law. He was for some time professor of jurisprudence in the University of Florence, and on the death of the celebrated Poggio in 1459 became chancellor of the F...
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ACCOLTI
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ACCOLTI, Bernard (1465-1535), son of the preceding, known in his own day as l’ Unico Aretino, acquired great fame as a reciter of impromptu verse. He was listened to by large crowds, composed of the most learned men and the most distinguished prelates of the age. Among others, Cardinal Bembo has left on record a testim...
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ACCOLTI
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ACCOLTI, Pietro, brother of the preceding, was born at Florence in 1455, and died there in 1549. He was abbreviator under Leo X., and in that capacity drew up in 1520 the famous bull against Luther. In 1527 he was made a cardinal by Clement VII., who had employed him as his secretary.
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ACCOLTI
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ACCOMMODATION, a term used in Biblical interpretation to denote the presentation of a truth not absolutely as it is in itself, but relatively or under some modification, with the view of suiting it either to some other truth or to the persons addressed. It is generally distinguished into formal and material,— the accom...
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ACCOMMODATION
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ACCOMMODATION, in commerce, denotes generally temporary pecuniary aid given by one trader to another, or by a banker to his customers, but it is used more particularly to describe that class of bills of exchange which represents no actual exchange of real value between the parties.
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ACCOMMODATION
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ACCORAMBONI, Vittoria, an Italian lady remarkable for her extraordinary beauty and her tragic history. Her contemporaries regarded her as the most captivating woman that had ever been seen in Italy. She was sought in marriage by Paolo Giordano Orsini, Duke of Bracciano, who, it was generally believed, had murdered his ...
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ACCORAMBONI
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ACCORDION (from the French accord), a small musical instrument in the shape of a bellows, which produces sounds by the action of wind on metallic reeds of various sizes. It is played by being held in both hands and pulled backwards and forwards, the fingers being left free to touch the keys, which are ranged along each...
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ACCORDION (from the French accord)
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ACCORSO (in Latin Accursius), Francis, an eminent lawyer, born at Florence about 1182. After practising for some time in his native city, he was appointed professor at Bologna, where he had great success as a teacher. He undertook the great work of arranging into one body the almost innumerable comments and remarks upo...
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ACCORSO (in Latin Accursius)
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ACCORSO (or Accursius), Mariangelo, a learned and ingenious critic, was born at Aquila, in the kingdom of Naples, about 1490. He was a great favourite with Charles V., at whose court he resided for thirty-three years, and by whom he was employed on various foreign missions. To a perfect knowledge of Greek and Latin he ...
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ACCORSO (or Accursius)
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ACCOUNT, a Stock Exchange term: e.g., “To Buy or Sell for the Account,” &c. The word has different, though kindred, significations, all derived from the making up and settling of accounts on particular days, in which stricter sense the word “Settlement” is more specially used. The financial importance of the Account m...
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ACCOUNT
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ACCOUNTANT, earlier form Accomptant, in the most general sense, is a person skilled in accounts. It is applied to the person who has the charge of the accounts in a public office or in the counting-house of a large private business. It is also the designation of a distinct profession, which deals in any required way wi...
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ACCOUNTANT
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ACCOUNTANT-GENERAL, an officer in the English Court of Chancery, who receives all monies lodged in court, and by whom they are deposited in bank and disbursed.
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ACCOUNTANT-GENERAL
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ACCRA or Acra, a town, or rather a collection of forts, in a territory of the same name, on the Gold Coast of Africa, about 75 miles east of Cape Coast Castle. Of the forts, Fort St James is a British settlement, Crèvecoeur was established by the Dutch, and Christianborg by the Danes; but the two last have since been c...
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ACCRA or Acra
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ACCRINGTON, an important manufacturing town of England, in Lancashire, lies on the banks of a stream called the Hindburn, in a deep valley, 19 miles N. from Manchester and 5 miles E. of Blackburn. It has increased rapidly in recent years, and is the centre of the Manchester cotton-printing trade. There are large cotton...
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ACCRINGTON
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ACCUM, Frederick, chemist, born at Bückeburg in 1769, came to London in 1793, and was appointed teacher of chemistry and mineralogy at the Surrey Institution in 1801. While occupying this position he published several scientific manuals (Chemistry, 1803; Mineralogy, 1808; Crystallography, 1813), but his name will be ch...
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ACCUM
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ACCUMULATOR, a term applied frequently to a powerful electrical machine, which generates or accumulates, by means of friction, electric currents of high tension,—manifested by sparks of considerable length. Accumulators have been employed in many places for exploding torpedoes and mines, for blasting, &c. An exceedingl...
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ACCUMULATOR
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ACE, the received name for the single point on cards or dice—the unit. Mr Fox Talbot has a speculation (English Etymologies, p. 262) that the Latins invented, if not the game of dice, at least the name for the single point, which they called unus. The Greeks corrupted this into ὂ voς , and at length the Germanic races,...
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ACE
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ACEPHALA, a name sometimes given to a section of the molluscous animals, which are divided into encephala and acephala, according as they have or want a distinctly differentiated head. The Acephala, or Lamellibranchiata, as they are also called, are commonly known as bivalve shell-fish.
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ACEPHALA
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ACEPHALI (from ἀ privative, and κ ∈ φ αλ ή ), a head), a term applied to several sects as having no head or leader; and in particular to a sect that separated itself, in the end of the 5th century, from the rule of the patriarchs of Alexandria, and remained without king or bishop for more than 300 years (Gibbon, c. xlv...
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ACEPHALI (from ἀ privative
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ACER. See Maple.
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ACER
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ACERBI, Giuseppe (Joseph), an Italian traveller, born at Castel-Goffredo, near Mantua, on the 3d May 1773, studied at Mantua, and devoted himself specially to natural science. In 1798 he undertook a journey through Denmark, Sweden, Finland, and Lapland; and in the following year he reached the North Cape, which no Ital...
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ACERBI
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ACERNUS, the Latinised name by which Sebastian Fabian Klonowicz, a celebrated Polish poet, is generally known, was born at Sulmierzyce in 1551, and died at Lublin in 1608. He was for some time burgomaster and president of the Jews’ civil tribunal in the latter town, where he had taken up his residence after studying at...
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ACERNUS
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ACERRA, in Antiquity, a little box or pot, wherein were put the incense and perfumes to be burned on the altars of the gods, and before the dead. It appears to have been the same with what was otherwise called thuribulum and pyxis. The censers of the Jews were acerrae; and the Romanists still retain the use of acerrae,...
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ACERRA
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ACERRA, a town of Italy, in the province of Terra di Lavoro, situated on the river Agno, 7 miles N.E. of Naples, with which it is connected by rail. It is the ancient Acerrae, the inhabitants of which were admitted to the privileges of Roman citizenship so early as 332 B.C., and which was plundered and burnt by Hanniba...
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ACERRA
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ACETIC ACID, one of the most important organic acids. It occurs naturally in the juice of many plants, and in certain animal secretions; but is generally obtained, on the large scale, from the oxidation of spoiled wines, or from the destructive distillation of wood. In the former process it is obtained in the form of a...
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ACETIC ACID
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ACHAIA. in Ancient Geography, a name differently applied at different periods. In the earliest times the name was borne by a small district in the south of Thessaly, and was the first residence of the Achaeans. At a later period Achaia Propria was a narrow tract of country in the north of the Peloponnesus, running 65 m...
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ACHAIA
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ACHAN, the son of Carmi, of the tribe of Judah, at the taking of Jericho concealed two hundred shekels of silver, a Babylonish garment, and a wedge of gold, contrary to the express command of God. This sin proved fatal to the Israelites, who were repulsed at the siege of Ai. In this emergency Joshua prostrated himself ...
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ACHAN
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ACHARD, Franz Carl, a Prussian chemist, born at Berlin on the 28th April 1753, was the first to turn Marggraff’s discovery of the presence of sugar in beet-root to commercial account. He erected a factory on an estate in Silesia, granted to him about 1800 by the king of Prussia, and produced there large quantities of s...
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ACHARD
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ACHARIUS, Erik, a Swedish physician and botanist, born at Gefle in 1757. The son of a comptroller of customs, he studied first in his native town, and then in 1773 at the University of Upsal, where Linnaeus was one of his teachers. In 1782 he took the degree of M.D. at the University of Lund, and practised thereafter i...
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ACHARIUS
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ACHATES, the faithful friend and companion of Aeneas, celebrated in Virgil's Aenid as fidus Achates.
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ACHATES
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ACHEEN. See Ach í n.
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ACHEEN
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ACHELOUS, the largest river in Greece, rises in Mount Pindus, and dividing Aetolia from Acarnania, falls into the Ionian Sea. In the lower part of its course the river winds in an extraordinary manner through very fertile but marshy plains. Its water descends from the mountains, heavily charged with fine mud, which is ...
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ACHELOUS
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ACHENWALL, Gottfried, a German writer, celebrated as having formulated and developed the science (Wissenschaft der Staaten), to which he was the first to apply the name scientia statistica, or statistics. Born at Elbing, in East Prussia, in October 1719, he studied at Jena, Halle, and Leipsic, and took a degree at the ...
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ACHENWALL
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ACHERON, in Classical Mythology, the son of Ceres, who, for supplying the Titans with drink when they were in contest with Jupiter, was turned into a river of Hades, over which departed souls were ferried on their way to Elysium. The name eventually was used to designate the whole of the lower world.
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ACHERON
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ACHILL, or “Eagle” Island, off the west coast of Ireland, forms part of the county of Mayo. It is of triangular shape, and extends 15 miles from east to west, and 12 from north to south, its total area being 51,521 acres. The island is very mountainous; its extreme western point, Achill Head, is a bold and rugged promo...
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ACHILL
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ACHILLES ('Aχιλλ∈ύς). When first taken up by the legendary history of Greece, the ancestors of Achilles were settled in Phthia and in Aegina. That their original seat, however, was in the neighbourhood of Dodona and the Achelous is made out from a combination of the following facts: That in the Iliad (xvi. 233) Achille...
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ACHILLES ('Aχιλλ∈ύς)
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ACHILLES TATIUS, a Greek writer, born at Alexandria. The precise time when he flourished is uncertain, but it cannot have been earlier than the 5th century, as in his principal work he evidently imitates Heliodorus. Suidas. who calls him Achilles Statius, says that he was converted from heathenism and became a Christia...
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ACHILLES TATIUS
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ACHILLINI, Alexander (1463-1512), a native of Bologna, was celebrated as a lecturer both in medicine and in philosophy, and was styled the second Aristotle. He and Mundinus were the first at Bologna to avail themselves of the permission given by Frederick II. to dissect dead bodies. His philosophical works were printed...
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ACHILLINI
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ÁCHÍN (pronounced Atcheen), a town and also a state of Northern Sumatra; the one state of that island which has been powerful at any time since the discovery of the Cape route to the East, and the only one that still remains independent of the Dutch, though that independence is now menaced. De Barros names Achin among...
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ÁCHÍN (pronounced Atcheen)