FLOW-3D-Single-Track

This dataset consists of LPBF (Laser Powder Bed Fusion) melt pool simulations performed using FLOW-3D. Each row is one timestep from one simulation case, containing process parameters, mesh metadata, a per-timestep field volume, and image previews.

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Dataset Configs

Load a specific field config:

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("ppak10/FLOW-3D-Single-Track", "temperature")

Available configs:

Config	Volume Shape	Description
temperature	(50, 30, 30)	Temperature field (K)
fraction_of_fluid	(50, 30, 30)	Fluid fraction (0–1)
liquid_label	(50, 30, 30)	Liquid region label
melt_region	(50, 30, 30)	Melt region mask
pressure	(50, 30, 30)	Pressure (dyne/cm²)
temperature_gradient	(50, 30, 30)	Raw Z temperature gradient
velocity_magnitude	(50, 30, 30)	Velocity magnitude (cm/s)
gradient_magnitude	(50, 30, 30)	|∇T| from components (K/cm)
vx_vy_vz	(50, 30, 30, 3)	Velocity vector components (cm/s)
dtdx_dtdy_dtdz	(50, 30, 30, 3)	Temperature gradient components (K/cm)

Volumes are padded to (50, 30, 30) along the Z axis. The nz column indicates how many Z layers contain real data; layers nz:50 are zero-padded (except temperature, which is padded with T_ambient = 299.15 K).

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Row Schema

Column	Type	Description
id	string	Case identifier, e.g. P100W_V0.30mps_A00deg
top_down_preview	Image	Top-down 2D projection frame for this timestep
volume_preview	Image	3D volume render frame for this timestep
timestep_index	int32	0-based index within the simulation
timestep_count	int32	Total number of timesteps in this case
timestep	float64	Simulation time (seconds)
power_w	int32	Laser power (W)
velocity_mmps	float64	Scanning velocity (mm/s)
angle_deg	int32	Laser tilt angle (degrees)
spot_radius_mm	float64	Laser spot radius (mm)
gauss_radius_mm	float64	Laser Gaussian radius (mm)
beam_x_mm	float64	Beam X position at this timestep (mm)
nx	int32	Full mesh X cells
ny	int32	Full mesh Y cells
nz	int32	Actual Z cells (real data depth in padded volume)
mesh_bound_x_mm	float64	Full mesh X extent (mm)
mesh_bound_y_mm	float64	Full mesh Y extent (mm)
mesh_bound_z_mm	float64	Full mesh Z extent (mm)
mesh_resolution_mm	float64	Uniform cell size (mm)
material_name	string	Material name
t_liquidus_k	float64	Liquidus temperature (K)
t_solidus_k	float64	Solidus temperature (K)
volume	float32 array	Padded 3D field volume (see config for shape)

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Simulation Coverage

62 cases, 120,113 total timesteps

• Laser Power: 50, 100, 103, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 W
• Scanning Velocity: 0.3 – 2.4 m/s (19 values)
• Laser Tilt Angle: 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°
• Material: 316L Stainless Steel (T_solidus = 1674.15 K, T_liquidus = 1697.15 K)

Parameter Groups

Grid sweep (50–300 W × 0.3–2.4 m/s, 0° angle): 8 power levels × 8 velocity steps = 64 combinations (partial — high-power cases ongoing)

Angle sweep (350 W, 0.3 m/s): 6 tilt angles: 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°

ThermoPore parameters (103 W, 0° angle): 11 velocity values near the keyhole/conduction boundary (1.05–1.75 m/s)

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Data Structure (on disk)

data/
├── temperature/
│   ├── P050W_V0.30mps_A00deg.parquet
│   ├── P100W_V0.30mps_A00deg.parquet   ← ~1999 rows, one per timestep
│   └── ...
├── fraction_of_fluid/
│   └── ...
└── ...

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Technical Details

• Simulator: FLOW-3D (CFD-based melt pool simulation)
• Cell size: 20 µm (uniform, isotropic)
• Crop window: 30 × 30 cells (0.6 mm × 0.6 mm) centered on beam, adaptive Z
• Max Z depth: 50 cells (1.0 mm)
• Physics: Gaussian/keyhole heat source, phase change, surface tension, evaporation pressure