Datasets:

pradyuprasad
/

igm-consensus

statement_id stringlengths 18 84	poll_id stringlengths 7 73	poll_title stringlengths 3 66	poll_url stringlengths 40 104	panel_type stringclasses 3 values	publication_date stringdate 2011-09-29 00:00:00 2026-04-29 00:00:00	topic_or_category stringclasses 216 values	question_label stringclasses 12 values	statement_text stringlengths 27 1.34k	poll_context nullclasses 39 values	n_respondents int64 0 51	n_answered_excluding_no_opinion int64 0 47	n_strongly_agree int64 0 38	n_agree int64 0 32	n_uncertain int64 0 31	n_disagree int64 0 29	n_strongly_disagree int64 0 28	n_no_opinion int64 0 12	n_missing_or_did_not_answer int64 0 41	share_agree float64 0 1 ⌀	share_disagree float64 0 1 ⌀	share_uncertain float64 0 0.79 ⌀	net_agreement float64 -1 1 ⌀	majority_position stringclasses 4 values	consensus_level stringclasses 6 values	polarization_score float64 0 0.41 ⌀	source_csv_url stringlengths 80 144 ⌀	extraction_method stringclasses 2 values	extraction_notes nullclasses 2 values	issue_categories stringlengths 5 130	category_source stringclasses 3 values	category_confidence float64 0.5 0.9	weighted_share_strongly_agree float64 0 0.95 ⌀	weighted_share_agree_only float64 0 0.86 ⌀	weighted_share_uncertain float64 0 0.76 ⌀	weighted_share_disagree_only float64 0 0.76 ⌀	weighted_share_strongly_disagree float64 0 0.82 ⌀	weighted_share_agree float64 0 1 ⌀	weighted_share_disagree float64 0 1 ⌀	weighted_net_agreement float64 -1 1 ⌀	weighted_polarization_score float64 0 0.41 ⌀
europe-board-quotas-for-women__question-a	europe__board-quotas-for-women	Board Quotas for Women	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/board-quotas-for-women/	Europe	2017-11-28	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Demographics, Aging, & Gender	Question A	All else equal, if corporations throughout Europe set quotas for a minimum number of women board members, the shareholder value of European companies would increase.	null	49	39	0	12	20	6	1	1	9	0.307692	0.179487	0.512821	0.128205	Uncertain	Split / disagreement	0.179487	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-11-28-Euro-EEP-Board-Quotas-for-Women.csv	mixed	null	Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution	source	0.9	0	0.35	0.48	0.13	0.04	0.35	0.17	0.18	0.17
europe-board-quotas-for-women__question-b	europe__board-quotas-for-women	Board Quotas for Women	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/board-quotas-for-women/	Europe	2017-11-28	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Demographics, Aging, & Gender	Question B	Taking into account the likely effects on investments in human capital by men and women, setting quotas throughout Europe for a minimum number of women board members would generate substantial net benefits for Europeans.	null	49	40	4	20	12	4	0	0	9	0.6	0.1	0.3	0.5	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.1	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-11-28-Euro-EEP-Board-Quotas-for-Women.csv	mixed	null	Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution	source	0.9	0.18	0.5	0.25	0.07	0	0.68	0.07	0.61	0.07
europe-china-europe-trade__question-a	europe__china-europe-trade	China-Europe Trade	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/china-europe-trade/	Europe	2018-04-12	International Trade & Exchange Rates; Social Policy & Society	Question A	Trade with China makes most Europeans better off because, among other advantages, they can buy goods that are made or assembled more cheaply in China.	null	48	39	19	19	1	0	0	0	9	0.974359	0	0.025641	0.974359	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-04-12-Euro-EEP-China-Europe-Trade.csv	mixed	null	Trade; International economics; Political economy	source	0.9	0.54	0.45	0.01	0	0	0.99	0	0.99	0
europe-china-europe-trade__question-b	europe__china-europe-trade	China-Europe Trade	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/china-europe-trade/	Europe	2018-04-12	International Trade & Exchange Rates; Social Policy & Society	Question B	Some Europeans who work in the production of competing goods, such as clothing and furniture, are made worse off by trade with China.	null	48	39	6	27	6	0	0	0	9	0.846154	0	0.153846	0.846154	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-04-12-Euro-EEP-China-Europe-Trade.csv	mixed	null	Trade; International economics; Political economy	source	0.9	0.18	0.7	0.12	0	0	0.88	0	0.88	0
europe-china-europe-trade__question-c	europe__china-europe-trade	China-Europe Trade	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/china-europe-trade/	Europe	2018-04-12	International Trade & Exchange Rates; Social Policy & Society	Question C	If the EU followed the new US steel tariffs by imposing similar EU tariffs on steel from China, it would improve Europeans’ welfare.	null	48	39	0	0	3	19	17	0	9	0	0.923077	0.076923	-0.923077	Disagree	Strong consensus disagree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-04-12-Euro-EEP-China-Europe-Trade.csv	mixed	null	Trade; International economics; Political economy	source	0.9	0	0	0.06	0.41	0.52	0	0.93	-0.93	0
europe-corporate-tax-rate-harmonization__question-a	europe__corporate-tax-rate-harmonization	Corporate Tax-Rate Harmonization	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-tax-rate-harmonization/	Europe	2017-12-20	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	Holding other policies fixed, the average European would be better off if every European country taxed corporate profits at a rate of 20% (based as closely as possible on a common definition of profits).	null	49	26	2	17	3	4	0	0	23	0.730769	0.153846	0.115385	0.576923	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.153846	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-12-20-Euro-EEP-Corporate-Tax-Rate-Harmonization.csv	mixed	null	Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.11	0.6	0.12	0.18	0	0.71	0.18	0.53	0.18
europe-corporate-tax-rate-harmonization__question-b	europe__corporate-tax-rate-harmonization	Corporate Tax-Rate Harmonization	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/corporate-tax-rate-harmonization/	Europe	2017-12-20	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Taxes & Public Spending	Question B	If other policies were held fixed and every European country taxed corporate profits at a common rate of 20%, then reducing that common rate substantially below 20% would make the average European better off.	null	49	26	0	2	8	14	2	0	23	0.076923	0.615385	0.307692	-0.538462	Disagree	Split / disagreement	0.076923	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-12-20-Euro-EEP-Corporate-Tax-Rate-Harmonization.csv	mixed	null	Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0	0.08	0.31	0.56	0.06	0.08	0.62	-0.54	0.08
europe-digital-sales-tax__question-a	europe__digital-sales-tax	Digital Sales Tax	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-sales-tax/	Europe	2018-05-31	Science, Technology, & Innovation; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	The European Commission has proposed new rules to ensure that “digital business activities are taxed in a fair and growth-friendly way in the EU”. Consider two statements regarding this proposal: An EU-wide 3% tax on revenue from digital activities would, on balance, be a good idea.	null	48	29	2	12	11	3	1	6	13	0.482759	0.137931	0.37931	0.344828	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.137931	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-05-30-Euro-EEP-Digital-Sales-Tax.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.09	0.44	0.3	0.12	0.05	0.53	0.17	0.36	0.17
europe-digital-sales-tax__question-b	europe__digital-sales-tax	Digital Sales Tax	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/digital-sales-tax/	Europe	2018-05-31	Science, Technology, & Innovation; Taxes & Public Spending	Question B	If the EU decides to tax digital service providers, it would be better — given the difficulties of measuring and verifying digital activity — to tax them on the revenue, rather than the profits, that they generate locally.	null	48	29	2	14	10	2	1	6	13	0.551724	0.103448	0.344828	0.448276	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.103448	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-05-30-Euro-EEP-Digital-Sales-Tax.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.09	0.54	0.23	0.09	0.06	0.63	0.15	0.48	0.15
europe-ecb-asset-purchases__question-a	europe__ecb-asset-purchases	ECB Asset Purchases	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ecb-asset-purchases/	Europe	2017-04-25	Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation	Question A	The ECB's asset purchases over the past two years have reduced the threat of deflation in the euro area as a whole.	null	50	38	13	18	6	0	1	2	10	0.815789	0.026316	0.157895	0.789474	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.026316	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-04-25-Euro-EEP-ECB-Asset-Purchases.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Monetary policy; International economics	mixed	0.8	0.43	0.45	0.09	0	0.03	0.88	0.03	0.85	0.03
europe-ecb-asset-purchases__question-b	europe__ecb-asset-purchases	ECB Asset Purchases	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ecb-asset-purchases/	Europe	2017-04-25	Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation	Question B	If the economic outlook in the euro area becomes less favorable, then increasing the ECB's asset purchase program (in size or duration) would substantially increase the euro area's economic growth over the following five years.	null	50	38	1	7	21	5	4	2	10	0.210526	0.236842	0.552632	-0.026316	Uncertain	Split / disagreement	0.210526	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-04-25-Euro-EEP-ECB-Asset-Purchases.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Monetary policy; International economics	mixed	0.8	0.04	0.2	0.5	0.13	0.13	0.24	0.26	-0.02	0.24
europe-energy-sources__question-a	europe__energy-sources	Energy Sources	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-sources/	Europe	2017-11-09	Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation	Question A	Subsidizing renewable energy sources is better than taxing fossil fuels, assuming the subsidy or tax would be set at levels that would reduce carbon emissions by an equivalent amount.	null	49	32	1	5	7	15	4	3	14	0.1875	0.59375	0.21875	-0.40625	Disagree	Split / disagreement	0.1875	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-11-09-Euro-EEP-Energy-Sources.csv	mixed	null	Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation	mixed	0.8	0.05	0.14	0.18	0.47	0.16	0.19	0.63	-0.44	0.19
europe-energy-sources__question-b	europe__energy-sources	Energy Sources	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-sources/	Europe	2017-11-09	Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation	Question B	Germany’s solar-energy subsidies to date have produced net social benefits for Germany.	null	49	27	1	7	13	6	0	8	14	0.296296	0.222222	0.481481	0.074074	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.222222	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-11-09-Euro-EEP-Energy-Sources.csv	mixed	null	Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation	mixed	0.8	0.07	0.26	0.42	0.24	0	0.33	0.24	0.09	0.24
europe-energy-sources__question-c	europe__energy-sources	Energy Sources	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/energy-sources/	Europe	2017-11-09	Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Science, Technology, & Innovation	Question C	Solar-energy subsidies to date in Germany and other countries have produced net social benefits for the world.	null	49	29	2	15	9	3	0	6	14	0.586207	0.103448	0.310345	0.482759	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.103448	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-11-09-Euro-EEP-Energy-Sources.csv	mixed	null	Climate/environment; Energy; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Taxation	mixed	0.8	0.09	0.5	0.29	0.12	0	0.59	0.12	0.47	0.12
europe-european-champions__question-a	europe__european-champions	European Champions	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-champions/	Europe	2019-02-27	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power	Question A	The average European is better off if Europe’s competition authorities let firms merge into European champions in their sectors, even it weakens competition.	null	50	39	0	3	13	12	11	0	11	0.076923	0.589744	0.333333	-0.512821	Disagree	Split / disagreement	0.076923	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-02-27-Euro-EEP-European-Champions.csv	mixed	null	Antitrust/competition; International economics	mixed	0.8	0	0.07	0.26	0.33	0.34	0.07	0.67	-0.6	0.07
europe-european-champions__question-b	europe__european-champions	European Champions	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-champions/	Europe	2019-02-27	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power	Question B	If China and other countries use policies that create giant international firms, then the average European is better off if Europe's competition authorities let firms merge into European champions in their sectors, even it weakens competition.	null	50	39	2	1	19	13	4	0	11	0.076923	0.435897	0.487179	-0.358974	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.076923	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-02-27-Euro-EEP-European-Champions.csv	mixed	null	Antitrust/competition; International economics	mixed	0.8	0.08	0.01	0.41	0.35	0.14	0.09	0.49	-0.4	0.09
europe-european-deposit-insurance__question-a	europe__european-deposit-insurance	European Deposit Insurance	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-deposit-insurance/	Europe	2019-04-09	Financial Markets & Banking; Public Debt & Deficits	Question A	A common European deposit insurance scheme , once fully implemented, would increase the stability of European economies in the event of another financial crisis.	null	50	36	11	19	2	4	0	2	12	0.833333	0.111111	0.055556	0.722222	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.111111	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-04-09-Euro-EEP-European-Deposit-Insurance.csv	mixed	null	Banking; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.32	0.55	0.03	0.1	0	0.87	0.1	0.77	0.1
europe-european-deposit-insurance__question-b	europe__european-deposit-insurance	European Deposit Insurance	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-deposit-insurance/	Europe	2019-04-09	Financial Markets & Banking; Public Debt & Deficits	Question B	A common European deposit insurance scheme , once fully implemented, would increase the likelihood of another financial crisis in Europe.	null	50	36	0	4	8	12	12	2	12	0.111111	0.666667	0.222222	-0.555556	Disagree	Moderate consensus disagree	0.111111	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-04-09-Euro-EEP-European-Deposit-Insurance.csv	mixed	null	Banking; Financial regulation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0	0.11	0.18	0.34	0.38	0.11	0.72	-0.61	0.11
us-fed-strategy__question-a	us__fed-strategy	Fed Strategy	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fed-strategy/	US	2020-09-16	Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation	Question A	The Fed’s revised strategy to focus on employment shortfalls and a more flexible interpretation of the inflation target will make little practical difference to monetary policy outcomes over the next decade.	null	43	35	0	10	16	9	0	6	2	0.285714	0.257143	0.457143	0.028571	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.257143	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-09-16-US-EEP-Fed-Strategy.csv	mixed	null	Labor markets; Monetary policy	source	0.9	0	0.33	0.37	0.31	0	0.33	0.31	0.02	0.31
europe-frances-labor-market__question-a	europe__frances-labor-market	France’s Labor Market	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/frances-labor-market/	Europe	2017-05-17	Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment	Question A	Revising France’s labor market policies — by reducing employment protection, decentralizing labor negotiations to the firm level, and making training programs more accessible and responsive to labor demands — would, all else equal, increase productivity in France’s economy.	null	50	40	10	23	5	2	0	2	8	0.825	0.05	0.125	0.775	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.05	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-05-17-Euro-EEP-Frances-Labor-Market.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Labor markets	source	0.9	0.32	0.53	0.1	0.05	0	0.85	0.05	0.8	0.05
europe-frances-labor-market__question-b	europe__frances-labor-market	France’s Labor Market	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/frances-labor-market/	Europe	2017-05-17	Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment	Question B	Reducing employment protection would reduce the equilibrium unemployment rate in France.	null	50	41	6	23	11	1	0	1	8	0.707317	0.02439	0.268293	0.682927	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.02439	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-05-17-Euro-EEP-Frances-Labor-Market.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Labor markets	source	0.9	0.16	0.56	0.26	0.03	0	0.72	0.03	0.69	0.03
europe-gentrification__question-a	europe__gentrification	Gentrification	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/gentrification/	Europe	2019-04-30	Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power	Question A	Residents of big European cities would be better off, on balance, if governments did more to counter gentrification , for example by using rent and other housing subsidies, public housing investments, zoning regulations, or similar policies.	null	50	33	1	6	12	13	1	4	13	0.212121	0.424242	0.363636	-0.212121	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.212121	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-04-30-Euro-EEP-Gentrification.csv	mixed	null	Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Antitrust/competition	source	0.9	0.01	0.15	0.41	0.41	0.01	0.16	0.42	-0.26	0.16
europe-german-and-european-economic-policy__question-a	europe__german-and-european-economic-policy	German and European Economic Policy	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/german-and-european-economic-policy/	Europe	2020-02-24	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	Germany's current account surplus is undesirable even from a purely German viewpoint: the country would be better off if, for example, it ran a smaller primary surplus, in turn leading to a smaller current account surplus.	null	46	32	12	11	6	3	0	4	10	0.71875	0.09375	0.1875	0.625	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.09375	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-02-24-Euro-EEP-German-and-European-Economic-Policy.csv	mixed	null	Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Monetary policy	mixed	0.8	0.49	0.29	0.12	0.09	0	0.78	0.09	0.69	0.09
europe-german-and-european-economic-policy__question-b	europe__german-and-european-economic-policy	German and European Economic Policy	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/german-and-european-economic-policy/	Europe	2020-02-24	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Taxes & Public Spending	Question B	The Eurozone would be in better shape if fiscal policy were more expansionary, which would allow monetary policy to be slightly less so.	null	46	34	9	17	6	2	0	2	10	0.764706	0.058824	0.176471	0.705882	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.058824	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-02-24-Euro-EEP-German-and-European-Economic-Policy.csv	mixed	null	Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Monetary policy	mixed	0.8	0.33	0.46	0.15	0.05	0	0.79	0.05	0.74	0.05
europe-german-and-european-economic-policy__question-c	europe__german-and-european-economic-policy	German and European Economic Policy	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/german-and-european-economic-policy/	Europe	2020-02-24	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Taxes & Public Spending	Question C	If there is a recession in the Eurozone, it will be essential to have a coordinated fiscal expansion.	null	46	33	11	16	4	2	0	3	10	0.818182	0.060606	0.121212	0.757576	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.060606	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-02-24-Euro-EEP-German-and-European-Economic-Policy.csv	mixed	null	Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; Monetary policy	mixed	0.8	0.4	0.47	0.09	0.04	0	0.87	0.04	0.83	0.04
europe-governments-and-economic-performance__question-a	europe__governments-and-economic-performance	Governments and Economic Performance	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/governments-and-economic-performance/	Europe	2018-10-02	Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Social Policy & Society	Question A	Voters overestimate the effect that current governments have on their economies’ concurrent economic performance.	null	50	37	13	19	3	2	0	2	11	0.864865	0.054054	0.081081	0.810811	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.054054	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-10-02-Euro-EEP-Governments-and-Economic-Performances.csv	mixed	null	Political economy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.43	0.46	0.07	0.04	0	0.89	0.04	0.85	0.04
europe-immigration-and-government-budgets__question-a	europe__immigration-and-government-budgets	Immigration and Government Budgets	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/immigration-and-government-budgets/	Europe	2018-11-07	Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Migration	Question A	People who migrated to Europe between 2015 and 2018 are likely — over the next two decades — to contribute more in taxes paid than they receive in benefits and public services.	null	50	36	6	17	9	4	0	1	13	0.638889	0.111111	0.25	0.527778	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.111111	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-11-07-Euro-EEP-Immigration-and-Government-Budgets.csv	mixed	null	Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Immigration	source	0.9	0.24	0.46	0.19	0.11	0	0.7	0.11	0.59	0.11
europe-italys-banks__question-a	europe__italys-banks	Italy’s Banks	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/italys-banks/	Europe	2016-12-21	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking	Question A	Setting the EU rules aside, and assuming it would take 2.5% of Italy’s GDP to recapitalize its banks, the Italian government would improve financial stability in Europe if it injected this amount of public funds into its banks.	null	50	44	5	21	14	3	1	3	3	0.590909	0.090909	0.318182	0.5	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.090909	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2016-12-21-Euro-EEP-Italys-Banks.csv	mixed	null	Banking; Financial regulation; Political economy	mixed	0.8	0.17	0.44	0.29	0.07	0.03	0.61	0.1	0.51	0.1
europe-italys-banks__question-b	europe__italys-banks	Italy’s Banks	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/italys-banks/	Europe	2016-12-21	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking	Question B	If Italy were to inject public funds into its banks without imposing losses on at least some claimants, an important cost would be the effect on future incentives (economic or political) in Europe.	null	50	44	11	28	1	4	0	3	3	0.886364	0.090909	0.022727	0.795455	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.090909	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2016-12-21-Euro-EEP-Italys-Banks.csv	mixed	null	Banking; Financial regulation; Political economy	mixed	0.8	0.3	0.59	0.03	0.09	0	0.89	0.09	0.8	0.09
europe-migration-within-europe__question-a	europe__migration-within-europe	Migration Within Europe	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/migration-within-europe/	Europe	2016-12-07	Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Migration	Question A	Freer movement of people to live and work across borders within Europe has made the average western European citizen better off since the 1980s.	null	50	46	22	23	1	0	0	1	3	0.978261	0	0.021739	0.978261	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Migration-within-Europe.csv	mixed	null	Labor markets; Immigration	source	0.9	0.54	0.45	0.01	0	0	0.99	0	0.99	0
europe-migration-within-europe__question-b	europe__migration-within-europe	Migration Within Europe	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/migration-within-europe/	Europe	2016-12-07	Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Migration	Question B	Freer movement of people to live and work across borders within Europe has made many low-skilled western European citizens worse off since the 1980s.	null	50	46	0	12	10	19	5	1	3	0.26087	0.521739	0.217391	-0.26087	Disagree	Split / disagreement	0.26087	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Migration-within-Europe.csv	mixed	null	Labor markets; Immigration	source	0.9	0	0.24	0.21	0.41	0.14	0.24	0.55	-0.31	0.24
europe-privatization-in-central-and-eastern-europe__question-a	europe__privatization-in-central-and-eastern-europe	Privatization in Central and Eastern Europe	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/privatization-in-central-and-eastern-europe/	Europe	2016-12-07	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Democracy, Government, & Public Policy	Question A	On the whole, the shift from state to private ownership of many industrial assets in central and eastern European countries after communism has increased productivity in those countries.	null	50	44	25	18	1	0	0	3	3	0.977273	0	0.022727	0.977273	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2016-12-07-Euro-EEP-Privatization-in-Central-and-Eastern-Europe.csv	mixed	null	Political economy; Public finance; Growth/productivity	mixed	0.8	0.64	0.35	0.01	0	0	0.99	0	0.99	0
europe-public-spending-on-the-arts__question-a	europe__public-spending-on-the-arts	Public Spending on the Arts	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/public-spending-on-the-arts/	Europe	2019-03-20	Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	Overall, public spending on the arts in Europe creates benefits that exceed the deadweight loss caused by taxation to fund it.	null	50	34	7	17	9	1	0	2	14	0.705882	0.029412	0.264706	0.676471	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.029412	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-03-20-Euro-EEP-Public-Spending-on-the-Arts.csv	mixed	null	Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.31	0.49	0.18	0.02	0	0.8	0.02	0.78	0.02
europe-public-spending-on-the-arts__question-b	europe__public-spending-on-the-arts	Public Spending on the Arts	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/public-spending-on-the-arts/	Europe	2019-03-20	Social Policy & Society; Taxes & Public Spending	Question B	Additional public spending on the arts in Europe would create incremental benefits that exceed the deadweight loss caused by taxation to fund it.	null	50	32	3	6	19	4	0	4	14	0.28125	0.125	0.59375	0.15625	Uncertain	Split / disagreement	0.125	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-03-20-Euro-EEP-Public-Spending-on-the-Arts.csv	mixed	null	Political economy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.18	0.24	0.45	0.13	0	0.42	0.13	0.29	0.13
europe-research-and-development__question-a	europe__research-and-development	Research and Development	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/research-and-development/	Europe	2019-11-15	Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation	Question A	Europeans would benefit more from an extra €1 billion of public R&D spent through existing (public) channels than from an extra €1 billion of private R&D spent through existing (private) channels, all else equal.	null	48	34	2	15	14	3	0	3	11	0.5	0.088235	0.411765	0.411765	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.088235	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-11-15-Euro-EEP-Research-and-Development.csv	mixed	null	Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy	source	0.9	0.09	0.49	0.32	0.1	0	0.58	0.1	0.48	0.1
europe-research-and-development__question-b	europe__research-and-development	Research and Development	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/research-and-development/	Europe	2019-11-15	Healthcare & Wellbeing; Science, Technology, & Innovation	Question B	Europeans would benefit more from an extra €1 billion of public medical research spent through existing (public) channels than from an extra €1 billion of private medical research spent through existing (private) channels, all else equal.	null	48	34	4	17	13	0	0	3	11	0.617647	0	0.382353	0.617647	Agree	Split / disagreement	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-11-15-Euro-EEP-Research-and-Development.csv	mixed	null	Healthcare; Growth/productivity; Industrial policy	source	0.9	0.18	0.53	0.29	0	0	0.71	0	0.71	0
europe-ride-sharing__question-a	europe__ride-sharing	Ride Sharing	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ride-sharing/	Europe	2017-06-07	Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport	Question A	Consumers will be better off, on balance, if European cities treat firms that provide ride-sharing platforms (such as Uber) as substantively different from taxi firms, and thus not necessarily warranting the same regulation.	null	50	40	4	15	13	8	0	1	9	0.475	0.2	0.325	0.275	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.2	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-06-07-Euro-EEP-Ride-Sharing.csv	mixed	null	Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation	mixed	0.8	0.13	0.43	0.25	0.19	0	0.56	0.19	0.37	0.19
europe-ride-sharing__question-b	europe__ride-sharing	Ride Sharing	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ride-sharing/	Europe	2017-06-07	Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport	Question B	Assuming that taxi and ride-sharing companies were treated as substantively similar — including requirements that they operate on an equal footing regarding safety, insurance and taxation — letting ride-sharing services compete without restrictions on prices or routes would raise consumer welfare.	null	50	41	15	25	0	1	0	0	9	0.97561	0.02439	0	0.95122	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.02439	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-06-07-Euro-EEP-Ride-Sharing.csv	mixed	null	Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation	mixed	0.8	0.43	0.55	0	0.02	0	0.98	0.02	0.96	0.02
europe-ride-sharing__question-c	europe__ride-sharing	Ride Sharing	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/ride-sharing/	Europe	2017-06-07	Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Transport	Question C	Regardless of how ride-sharing services are treated, existing regulations for traditional taxi firms in many European cities harm consumers by limiting competition.	null	50	40	11	23	6	0	0	1	9	0.85	0	0.15	0.85	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2017-06-07-Euro-EEP-Ride-Sharing.csv	mixed	null	Antitrust/competition; Financial regulation	mixed	0.8	0.32	0.52	0.15	0	0	0.84	0	0.84	0
europe-social-responsibility__question-a	europe__social-responsibility	Social Responsibility	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/social-responsibility/	Europe	2019-01-17	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources	Question A	To the extent that public corporations pursue social and environmental initiatives, they tend to achieve higher risk-adjusted (private) returns than otherwise similar corporations that pursue such initiatives less.	null	50	39	0	4	19	12	4	4	7	0.102564	0.410256	0.487179	-0.307692	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.102564	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-01-17-Euro-EEP-Social-Responsibility.csv	mixed	null	Climate/environment; Energy; International economics	mixed	0.8	0	0.1	0.44	0.32	0.13	0.1	0.45	-0.35	0.1
europe-social-responsibility__question-b	europe__social-responsibility	Social Responsibility	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/social-responsibility/	Europe	2019-01-17	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources	Question B	To the extent that Norway’s global government pension fund makes investments for social and environmental objectives — apart from investments that would bring the highest expected risk-adjusted returns — it improves the welfare of Norwegians.	null	50	42	5	24	10	3	0	1	7	0.690476	0.071429	0.238095	0.619048	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.071429	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-01-17-Euro-EEP-Social-Responsibility.csv	mixed	null	Climate/environment; Energy; International economics	mixed	0.8	0.15	0.57	0.19	0.09	0	0.72	0.09	0.63	0.09
europe-supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis__question-a	europe__supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis	Supporting European Businesses in the COVID-19 Crisis	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis/	Europe	2020-04-21	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Business, Management, & Corporate Performance	Question A	Government support to private firms in the form of debt (either directly or with the help of public guarantees) is desirable, but risks leaving them with too much leverage to invest and grow in the future.	null	46	41	9	19	9	3	1	0	5	0.682927	0.097561	0.219512	0.585366	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.097561	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-21-Euro-EEP-Supporting-European-Businesses-in-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv	mixed	null	COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy	mixed	0.8	0.28	0.45	0.18	0.06	0.03	0.73	0.09	0.64	0.09
europe-supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis__question-b	europe__supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis	Supporting European Businesses in the COVID-19 Crisis	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis/	Europe	2020-04-21	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Business, Management, & Corporate Performance	Question B	Providing funds to viable businesses in the form of equity injections is a vital complement to debt support.	null	46	40	6	14	17	3	0	1	5	0.5	0.075	0.425	0.425	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.075	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-21-Euro-EEP-Supporting-European-Businesses-in-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv	mixed	null	COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy	mixed	0.8	0.21	0.37	0.34	0.08	0	0.58	0.08	0.5	0.08
europe-supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis__question-c	europe__supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis	Supporting European Businesses in the COVID-19 Crisis	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/supporting-european-businesses-in-the-covid-19-crisis/	Europe	2020-04-21	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Business, Management, & Corporate Performance	Question C	With the EU ban on state aid suspended, government capital injections should be provided via a newly created pan-European equity fund, rather than be left to national governments acting independently.	null	46	40	10	9	11	8	2	1	5	0.475	0.25	0.275	0.225	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.25	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-21-Euro-EEP-Supporting-European-Businesses-in-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv	mixed	null	COVID/pandemic policy; Fiscal policy	mixed	0.8	0.31	0.2	0.25	0.17	0.07	0.51	0.24	0.27	0.24
europe-the-european-green-deal__question-a	europe__the-european-green-deal	The European Green Deal	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-european-green-deal/	Europe	2020-01-30	Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources	Question A	The European Union goal of reaching net zero emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050 will be a major drag on economic growth.	null	46	45	0	2	19	22	2	0	1	0.044444	0.533333	0.422222	-0.488889	Disagree	Split / disagreement	0.044444	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-01-31-Euro-EEP-The-European-Green-Deal.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; Taxation; Trade	mixed	0.8	0	0.05	0.39	0.5	0.06	0.05	0.56	-0.51	0.05
europe-the-european-green-deal__question-b	europe__the-european-green-deal	The European Green Deal	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-european-green-deal/	Europe	2020-01-30	Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources	Question B	Carbon taxes are a better way to implement climate policy than cap-and-trade.	null	46	45	3	21	16	4	1	0	1	0.533333	0.111111	0.355556	0.422222	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.111111	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-01-31-Euro-EEP-The-European-Green-Deal.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; Taxation; Trade	mixed	0.8	0.09	0.52	0.27	0.1	0.02	0.61	0.12	0.49	0.12
europe-the-european-green-deal__question-c	europe__the-european-green-deal	The European Green Deal	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/the-european-green-deal/	Europe	2020-01-30	Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources	Question C	A carbon border tax targeting imports from non-EU countries with less strict climate policies is likely to harm developing economies.	null	46	43	0	18	18	7	0	2	1	0.418605	0.162791	0.418605	0.255814	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.162791	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-01-31-Euro-EEP-The-European-Green-Deal.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Climate/environment; Energy; Taxation; Trade	mixed	0.8	0	0.44	0.38	0.18	0	0.44	0.18	0.26	0.18
europe-european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis__question-a	europe__european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis	European Economic Policy for the COVID-19 Crisis	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis/	Europe	2020-04-02	Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	Severe lockdowns – including closing non-essential businesses and strict limitations on people’s movement – are likely to be better for the economy in the medium term than less aggressive measures.	null	46	42	16	14	10	2	0	1	3	0.714286	0.047619	0.238095	0.666667	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.047619	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-02-Euro-EEP-European-Economic-Policy-for-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv	mixed	null	Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; COVID/pandemic policy; Banking; International economics	mixed	0.8	0.43	0.32	0.2	0.05	0	0.75	0.05	0.7	0.05
europe-european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis__question-b	europe__european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis	European Economic Policy for the COVID-19 Crisis	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis/	Europe	2020-04-02	Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending	Question B	While national governments have responded to the crisis with substantial economic policy measures, a joint euro area fiscal response is still highly desirable.	null	46	41	25	12	2	1	1	2	3	0.902439	0.04878	0.04878	0.853659	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.04878	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-02-Euro-EEP-European-Economic-Policy-for-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv	mixed	null	Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; COVID/pandemic policy; Banking; International economics	mixed	0.8	0.67	0.25	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.92	0.05	0.87	0.05
europe-european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis__question-c	europe__european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis	European Economic Policy for the COVID-19 Crisis	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/european-economic-policy-for-the-covid-19-crisis/	Europe	2020-04-02	Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation; Taxes & Public Spending	Question C	Given the willingness of the European Central Bank to buy sovereign bonds, including Italian bonds, without limits, there is no need for ‘coronabonds’.	null	46	39	3	6	11	11	8	4	3	0.230769	0.487179	0.282051	-0.25641	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.230769	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-02-Euro-EEP-European-Economic-Policy-for-the-COVID-19-Crisis.csv	mixed	null	Monetary policy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance; COVID/pandemic policy; Banking; International economics	mixed	0.8	0.11	0.17	0.2	0.26	0.27	0.28	0.53	-0.25	0.28
europe-getting-brexit-done__question-a	europe__getting-brexit-done	‘Getting Brexit Done’	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/getting-brexit-done/	Europe	2019-12-20	Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates	Question A	Following the UK election result, the certainty that the country is going to leave the European Union will provide a substantial short-term boost to the UK economy.	null	48	39	0	8	15	14	2	1	8	0.205128	0.410256	0.384615	-0.205128	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.205128	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-12-20-Euro-EEP-Getting-Brexit-Done.csv	mixed	null	Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics	source	0.9	0	0.22	0.34	0.38	0.06	0.22	0.44	-0.22	0.22
europe-getting-brexit-done__question-b	europe__getting-brexit-done	‘Getting Brexit Done’	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/getting-brexit-done/	Europe	2019-12-20	Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates	Question B	Given that the transition period currently expires at the end of 2020, there is still a considerable risk that the UK will leave the European Union without a trade agreement.	null	48	39	9	20	5	5	0	1	8	0.74359	0.128205	0.128205	0.615385	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.128205	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-12-20-Euro-EEP-Getting-Brexit-Done.csv	mixed	null	Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics	source	0.9	0.3	0.48	0.11	0.11	0	0.78	0.11	0.67	0.11
europe-getting-brexit-done__question-c	europe__getting-brexit-done	‘Getting Brexit Done’	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/getting-brexit-done/	Europe	2019-12-20	Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates	Question C	Leaving the European Union without a trade agreement would have a large negative impact on the UK economy.	null	48	39	20	15	3	1	0	1	8	0.897436	0.025641	0.076923	0.871795	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.025641	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2019-12-20-Euro-EEP-Getting-Brexit-Done.csv	mixed	null	Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics	source	0.9	0.57	0.34	0.07	0.02	0	0.91	0.02	0.89	0.02
us-tax-proposals__question-a	us__tax-proposals	Tax Proposals	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-proposals/	US	2020-10-13	Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	Restoring the top individual federal income tax rate to 39.6% for incomes over $400,000 (from the current 37%) and taxing the capital gains and dividends of taxpayers with income over $1 million at that top rate (instead of the current preferential rate of 20%), with no other associated changes in taxes or spending, wo...	null	43	39	8	21	7	3	0	1	3	0.74359	0.076923	0.179487	0.666667	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.076923	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-13-US-EEP-Tax-Proposals.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.25	0.53	0.13	0.09	0	0.78	0.09	0.69	0.09
us-tax-proposals__question-b	us__tax-proposals	Tax Proposals	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-proposals/	US	2020-10-13	Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending	Question B	Restoring the top tax rate, removing the preferential rate on capital gains and dividends, and raising the corporate tax rate from 21% to 28%, with no other associated changes in taxes or spending, would be likely to lead to a meaningful sustained reduction in fiscal deficits.	null	43	39	7	23	6	3	0	1	3	0.769231	0.076923	0.153846	0.692308	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.076923	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-13-US-EEP-Tax-Proposals.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.26	0.58	0.12	0.04	0	0.84	0.04	0.8	0.04
europe-foreign-competition-and-domestic-innovation__question-a	europe__foreign-competition-and-domestic-innovation	Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/foreign-competition-and-domestic-innovation/	Europe	2020-10-13	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Science, Technology, & Innovation	Question A	Strong competition from foreign producers is likely to encourage greater private sector expenditure on research and development in the home market.	null	46	39	8	11	20	0	0	1	6	0.487179	0	0.512821	0.487179	Uncertain	Split / disagreement	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-13-Euro-EEP-Foreign-Competition-and-Domestic-Innovation.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Industrial policy; Antitrust/competition	mixed	0.8	0.29	0.26	0.46	0	0	0.55	0	0.55	0
us-economic-recovery__question-a	us__economic-recovery	Economic Recovery	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-recovery/	US	2020-10-06	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity	Question A	The US economy would be substantially stronger today if the state and local ‘stay-at-home’ orders had been more uniform and lasted longer in the first half of the year.	null	43	40	2	18	17	3	0	0	3	0.5	0.075	0.425	0.425	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.075	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-06-US-EEP-Economic-Recovery.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity	source	0.9	0.06	0.46	0.39	0.09	0	0.52	0.09	0.43	0.09
us-economic-recovery__question-b	us__economic-recovery	Economic Recovery	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-recovery/	US	2020-10-06	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity	Question B	The economy will receive a substantial boost as soon as K-12 schools can be safely opened in person nationwide.	null	43	40	8	27	5	0	0	0	3	0.875	0	0.125	0.875	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-10-06-US-EEP-Economic-Recovery.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity	source	0.9	0.26	0.63	0.11	0	0	0.89	0	0.89	0
europe-objectives-of-the-european-central-bank__question-a	europe__objectives-of-the-european-central-bank	Objectives of the European Central Bank	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/objectives-of-the-european-central-bank/	Europe	2020-09-24	Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation	Question A	The ECB should aim to achieve an inflation rate that averages 2% over time.	null	44	36	3	17	8	7	1	1	7	0.555556	0.222222	0.222222	0.333333	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.222222	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-09-24-Euro-EEP-Objectives-of-the-European-Central-Bank.csv	mixed	null	Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Banking	mixed	0.8	0.11	0.46	0.21	0.18	0.04	0.57	0.22	0.35	0.22
europe-objectives-of-the-european-central-bank__question-b	europe__objectives-of-the-european-central-bank	Objectives of the European Central Bank	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/objectives-of-the-european-central-bank/	Europe	2020-09-24	Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation	Question B	The ECB should take account of the environmental implications of its policy decisions.	null	44	36	4	14	5	11	2	1	7	0.5	0.361111	0.138889	0.138889	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.361111	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-09-24-Euro-EEP-Objectives-of-the-European-Central-Bank.csv	mixed	null	Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Banking	mixed	0.8	0.15	0.37	0.11	0.31	0.06	0.52	0.37	0.15	0.37
europe-objectives-of-the-european-central-bank__question-c	europe__objectives-of-the-european-central-bank	Objectives of the European Central Bank	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/objectives-of-the-european-central-bank/	Europe	2020-09-24	Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation	Question C	The objectives set for the ECB by Treaty should make maximum sustainable employment of equal importance as price stability.	null	44	35	5	9	11	9	1	2	7	0.4	0.285714	0.314286	0.114286	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.285714	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-09-24-Euro-EEP-Objectives-of-the-European-Central-Bank.csv	mixed	null	Climate/environment; Energy; Monetary policy; Banking	mixed	0.8	0.16	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.02	0.43	0.29	0.14	0.29
europe-bitcoins__question-a	europe__bitcoins	Bitcoins	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bitcoins/	Europe	2018-03-09	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking	Question A	Bitcoins are more similar to gold than they are to currency.	null	48	30	6	12	2	9	1	3	15	0.6	0.333333	0.066667	0.266667	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.333333	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-03-09-Euro-EEP-Bitcoins.csv	mixed	null	Banking; Financial regulation	source	0.9	0.24	0.41	0.04	0.28	0.03	0.65	0.31	0.34	0.31
europe-bitcoins__question-b	europe__bitcoins	Bitcoins	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/bitcoins/	Europe	2018-03-09	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking	Question B	Bitcoins are more similar to gold than they are to Dutch tulips in the 1630s.	null	48	31	0	8	3	15	5	2	15	0.258065	0.645161	0.096774	-0.387097	Disagree	Split / disagreement	0.258065	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2018-03-09-Euro-EEP-Bitcoins.csv	mixed	null	Banking; Financial regulation	source	0.9	0	0.28	0.08	0.41	0.23	0.28	0.64	-0.36	0.28
us-student-debt-forgiveness__question-a	us__student-debt-forgiveness	Student Debt Forgiveness	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/student-debt-forgiveness/	US	2020-11-24	Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society	Question A	Having the government issue additional debt to pay off all current outstanding student loans would be net regressive.	null	43	41	7	19	15	0	0	1	1	0.634146	0	0.365854	0.634146	Agree	Split / disagreement	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-24-US-EEP-Student-Debt-Forgiveness.csv	mixed	null	Education; Labor markets; Political economy; Fiscal policy	mixed	0.8	0.25	0.48	0.27	0	0	0.73	0	0.73	0
us-student-debt-forgiveness__question-b	us__student-debt-forgiveness	Student Debt Forgiveness	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/student-debt-forgiveness/	US	2020-11-24	Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society	Question B	Having the government issue enough additional debt to pay off student loans up to a threshold, for borrowers whose income is below a certain level, could be progressive.	null	43	42	5	32	5	0	0	0	1	0.880952	0	0.119048	0.880952	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-24-US-EEP-Student-Debt-Forgiveness.csv	mixed	null	Education; Labor markets; Political economy; Fiscal policy	mixed	0.8	0.11	0.8	0.09	0	0	0.91	0	0.91	0
us-student-debt-forgiveness__question-c	us__student-debt-forgiveness	Student Debt Forgiveness	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/student-debt-forgiveness/	US	2020-11-24	Education & Skills; Social Policy & Society	Question C	Extension of the suspension of payments on student loans after the end of the year would support the recovery more effectively than devoting equivalent resources to general income-based transfer payments.	null	43	41	0	2	17	21	1	1	1	0.04878	0.536585	0.414634	-0.487805	Disagree	Split / disagreement	0.04878	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-11-24-US-EEP-Student-Debt-Forgiveness.csv	mixed	null	Education; Labor markets; Political economy; Fiscal policy	mixed	0.8	0	0.05	0.37	0.55	0.03	0.05	0.58	-0.53	0.05
us-monetary-policy__question-a	us__monetary-policy	Monetary Policy	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/monetary-policy/	US	2011-09-29	Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation	Question A	All else equal, the Fed's new plan to increase the maturity of its Treasury holdings will boost expected real GDP growth for calendar year 2012 by at least one percentage point.	null	41	36	0	0	14	15	7	3	2	0	0.611111	0.388889	-0.611111	Disagree	Split / disagreement	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-09-29-US-EEP-Monetary-Policy.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Monetary policy	source	0.9	0	0	0.2	0.47	0.34	0	0.81	-0.81	0
us-taxes__question-a	us__taxes	Taxes	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/taxes/	US	2011-10-06	Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	All else equal, permanently raising the federal marginal tax rate on ordinary income by 1 percentage point for those in the top (i.e., currently 35%) tax bracket would increase federal tax revenue over the next 10 years.	null	41	39	18	20	1	0	0	0	2	0.974359	0	0.025641	0.974359	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-10-06-US-EEP-Taxes.csv	mixed	null	Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation	source	0.9	0.52	0.47	0.01	0	0	0.99	0	0.99	0
us-taxes__question-b	us__taxes	Taxes	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/taxes/	US	2011-10-06	Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending	Question B	The cumulative budget shortfalls in the US over the next 10 years can be reduced by half (or more) purely by increasing the federal marginal tax rate on ordinary income for those in the top tax bracket.	null	41	37	0	1	8	19	9	2	2	0.027027	0.756757	0.216216	-0.72973	Disagree	Moderate consensus disagree	0.027027	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-10-06-US-EEP-Taxes.csv	mixed	null	Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation	source	0.9	0	0.03	0.14	0.54	0.3	0.03	0.84	-0.81	0.03
us-exchange-rates__question-a	us__exchange-rates	Exchange Rates	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/exchange-rates/	US	2011-10-21	Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; International Trade & Exchange Rates	Question A	The Chinese government pursues policies that keep the renminbi's exchange rate vis à vis the dollar lower than it would be if the currency floated without those policies.	null	41	38	12	22	4	0	0	3	0	0.894737	0	0.105263	0.894737	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-10-21-US-EEP-Exchange-Rates.csv	mixed	null	Political economy; Public finance; Trade; International economics	source	0.9	0.43	0.52	0.05	0	0	0.95	0	0.95	0
us-education__question-a	us__education	Education	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/education/	US	2011-10-17	Education & Skills; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	Public school students would receive a higher quality education if they all had the option of taking the government money (local, state, federal) currently being spent on their own education and turning that money into vouchers that they could use towards covering the costs of any private school or public school of the...	null	41	38	3	12	15	7	1	0	3	0.394737	0.210526	0.394737	0.184211	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.210526	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-10-17-US-EEP-Education.csv	mixed	null	Education; Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.1	0.31	0.35	0.2	0.03	0.41	0.23	0.18	0.23
us-stock-prices__question-a	us__stock-prices	Stock Prices	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stock-prices/	US	2011-10-31	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Markets & Banking	Question A	Unless they have inside information, very few investors, if any, can consistently make accurate predictions about whether the price of an individual stock will rise or fall on a given day.	null	40	38	22	16	0	0	0	0	2	1	0	0	1	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-10-31-US-EEP-Stock-Prices.csv	mixed	null	Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy	mixed	0.8	0.64	0.36	0	0	0	1	0	1	0
us-stock-prices__question-b	us__stock-prices	Stock Prices	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/stock-prices/	US	2011-10-31	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Financial Markets & Banking	Question B	Plausible expectations of future dividends, discounted using a plausible risk-adjusted interest rate, explain well the level of stock prices for recently listed internet businesses in 1999.	null	40	36	0	0	6	19	11	2	2	0	0.833333	0.166667	-0.833333	Disagree	Strong consensus disagree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-10-31-US-EEP-Stock-Prices.csv	mixed	null	Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy	mixed	0.8	0	0	0.15	0.49	0.37	0	0.86	-0.86	0
us-tax-reform__question-a	us__tax-reform	Tax Reform	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-reform/	US	2011-11-07	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	Eliminating tax deductions for non-investment personal interest expenses (e.g., on mortgages), with reductions in personal tax rates that are both budget neutral and keep the burden of taxes by income group the same, would lead to more efficient financing decisions by individuals.	null	40	38	12	22	2	2	0	0	2	0.894737	0.052632	0.052632	0.842105	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.052632	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-11-07-US-EEP-Tax-Reform.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.39	0.51	0.03	0.07	0	0.9	0.07	0.83	0.07
us-tax-reform__question-b	us__tax-reform	Tax Reform	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/tax-reform/	US	2011-11-07	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending	Question B	Reducing the deductibility of interest expenses for non-financial businesses to equalize the overall tax cost of debt and equity financing, while using the extra revenue to reduce personal and corporate tax rates in a budget neutral fashion that also keeps the burden of taxes the same, would lead to more efficient fina...	null	40	34	10	16	8	0	0	4	2	0.764706	0	0.235294	0.764706	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-11-07-US-EEP-Tax-Reform.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.4	0.45	0.16	0	0	0.85	0	0.85	0
us-buy-american__question-a	us__buy-american	Buy American	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/buy-american/	US	2011-11-15	International Trade & Exchange Rates; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment	Question A	Federal mandates that government purchases should be “buy American” unless there are exceptional circumstances, such as in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, have a significant positive impact on U.S. manufacturing employment.	null	41	33	0	4	9	16	4	2	6	0.121212	0.606061	0.272727	-0.484848	Disagree	Split / disagreement	0.121212	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-11-15-US-EEP-Buy-American.csv	mixed	null	Trade; International economics; Labor markets	source	0.9	0	0.1	0.24	0.49	0.18	0.1	0.67	-0.57	0.1
us-healthcare__question-a	us__healthcare	Healthcare	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/healthcare/	US	2011-11-21	Healthcare & Wellbeing; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	There are no consequential distortions created by the tax preference that favors obtaining health insurance through employers.	null	41	41	0	0	2	16	23	0	0	0	0.95122	0.04878	-0.95122	Disagree	Strong consensus disagree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-11-21-US-EEP-Healthcare.csv	mixed	null	Healthcare; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0	0	0.03	0.34	0.63	0	0.97	-0.97	0
us-italys-debt__question-a	us__italys-debt	Italy’s Debt	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/italys-debt/	US	2011-12-05	Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	Credible assumptions for inflation, GDP growth and primary budget deficits in Italy imply that either the Debt-to-GDP ratio in Italy would increase sharply if Italian interest rates on 10-year government debt remained at the November 30 level of around 7 percent or Italy would lose access to the bond market.	null	41	23	5	16	2	0	0	12	6	0.913043	0	0.086957	0.913043	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-12-05-US-EEP-Italys-Debt.csv	mixed	null	Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation	source	0.9	0.34	0.62	0.04	0	0	0.96	0	0.96	0
us-italys-debt__question-b	us__italys-debt	Italy’s Debt	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/italys-debt/	US	2011-12-05	Public Debt & Deficits; Taxes & Public Spending	Question B	Absent outside help to deal with runs, such as a pledge of fiscal support from Germany or an unlimited commitment by the ECB to buy bonds, there is no spending-and-tax plan Italy can announce that would be credible enough to hold its interest rates low enough to stabilize its Debt-to-GDP ratio.	null	41	26	0	16	6	3	1	9	6	0.615385	0.153846	0.230769	0.461538	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.153846	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-12-05-US-EEP-Italys-Debt.csv	mixed	null	Fiscal policy; Public finance; Taxation	source	0.9	0	0.7	0.13	0.1	0.07	0.7	0.17	0.53	0.17
us-drug-use-policies__question-a	us__drug-use-policies	Drug Use Policies	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/drug-use-policies/	US	2011-12-12	Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Social Policy & Society	Question A	All else equal, making drugs illegal raises street prices for those drugs because suppliers require extra compensation for the risk of incarceration and other punishments.	null	41	38	20	18	0	0	0	0	3	1	0	0	1	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-12-12-US-EEP-Drug-Use-Policies.csv	mixed	null	Political economy; Public finance; Taxation	mixed	0.8	0.61	0.39	0	0	0	1	0	1	0
us-drug-use-policies__question-b	us__drug-use-policies	Drug Use Policies	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/drug-use-policies/	US	2011-12-12	Democracy, Government, & Public Policy; Social Policy & Society	Question B	The Netherlands restrictions on “soft drugs” combined with a moderate tax aimed at deterring their consumption would have lower social costs than continuing to prohibit use of those drugs as in the US. (Click here for a summary of the Netherlands restrictions.)	null	41	36	9	16	10	1	0	2	3	0.694444	0.027778	0.277778	0.666667	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.027778	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-12-12-US-EEP-Drug-Use-Policies.csv	mixed	null	Political economy; Public finance; Taxation	mixed	0.8	0.35	0.44	0.2	0.02	0	0.79	0.02	0.77	0.02
us-carbon-tax__question-a	us__carbon-tax	Carbon Tax	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/carbon-tax/	US	2011-12-20	Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	A tax on the carbon content of fuels would be a less expensive way to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions than would a collection of policies such as “corporate average fuel economy” requirements for automobiles.	null	41	40	21	16	2	1	0	0	1	0.925	0.025	0.05	0.9	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.025	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2011-12-20-US-EEP-Carbon-Tax.csv	mixed	null	Climate/environment; Energy; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.59	0.35	0.04	0.02	0	0.94	0.02	0.92	0.02
us-gold-standard__question-a	us__gold-standard	Gold Standard	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/gold-standard/	US	2012-01-12	International Trade & Exchange Rates; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation	Question A	If the US replaced its discretionary monetary policy regime with a gold standard, defining a "dollar" as a specific number of ounces of gold, the price-stability and employment outcomes would be better for the average American.	null	40	37	0	0	0	16	21	0	3	0	1	0	-1	Disagree	Strong consensus disagree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-01-12-US-EEP-Gold-Standard.csv	mixed	null	Trade; International economics; Monetary policy	source	0.9	0	0	0	0.34	0.66	0	1	-1	0
us-gold-standard__question-b	us__gold-standard	Gold Standard	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/gold-standard/	US	2012-01-12	International Trade & Exchange Rates; Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation	Question B	There are many factors besides US inflation risk that influence the current dollar price of gold.	null	40	36	27	9	0	0	0	1	3	1	0	0	1	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-01-12-US-EEP-Gold-Standard.csv	mixed	null	Trade; International economics; Monetary policy	source	0.9	0.78	0.22	0	0	0	1	0	1	0
us-inequality-and-skills__question-a	us__inequality-and-skills	Inequality and Skills	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/inequality-and-skills/	US	2012-01-24	Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Poverty, Inequality, & Social Mobility	Question A	One of the leading reasons for rising U.S. income inequality over the past three decades is that technological change has affected workers with some skill sets differently than others.	null	41	39	11	22	4	2	0	0	2	0.846154	0.051282	0.102564	0.794872	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.051282	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-01-24-US-EEP-Inequality-and-Skills.csv	mixed	null	Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution	source	0.9	0.34	0.54	0.08	0.04	0	0.88	0.04	0.84	0.04
us-executive-pay__question-a	us__executive-pay	Executive Pay	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/executive-pay/	US	2012-01-31	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment	Question A	The typical chief executive officer of a publicly traded corporation in the U.S. is paid more than his or her marginal contribution to the firm's value.	null	41	29	0	13	13	3	0	4	8	0.448276	0.103448	0.448276	0.344828	No clear majority	Split / disagreement	0.103448	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-01-31-US-EEP-Executive-Pay.csv	mixed	null	Labor markets	source	0.9	0	0.51	0.39	0.1	0	0.51	0.1	0.41	0.1
us-executive-pay__question-b	us__executive-pay	Executive Pay	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/executive-pay/	US	2012-01-31	Business, Management, & Corporate Performance; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment	Question B	Mandating that U.S. publicly listed corporations must allow shareholders to cast a non-binding vote on executive compensation was a good idea.	null	41	30	1	18	8	3	0	3	8	0.633333	0.1	0.266667	0.533333	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.1	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-01-31-US-EEP-Executive-Pay.csv	mixed	null	Labor markets	source	0.9	0.06	0.6	0.2	0.14	0	0.66	0.14	0.52	0.14
us-economic-stimulus__question-a	us__economic-stimulus	Economic Stimulus	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-stimulus/	US	2012-02-15	Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	Because of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the U.S. unemployment rate was lower at the end of 2010 than it would have been without the stimulus bill.	null	41	36	12	21	1	1	1	0	5	0.916667	0.055556	0.027778	0.861111	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.055556	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-02-15-US-EEP-Economic-Stimulus.csv	mixed	null	Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.4	0.53	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.93	0.04	0.89	0.04
us-economic-stimulus__question-b	us__economic-stimulus	Economic Stimulus	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/economic-stimulus/	US	2012-02-15	Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment; Taxes & Public Spending	Question B	Taking into account all of the ARRA’s economic consequences — including the economic costs of raising taxes to pay for the spending, its effects on future spending, and any other likely future effects — the benefits of the stimulus will end up exceeding its costs.	null	41	35	5	14	11	2	3	1	5	0.542857	0.142857	0.314286	0.4	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.142857	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-02-15-US-EEP-Economic-Stimulus.csv	mixed	null	Labor markets; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.21	0.39	0.26	0.05	0.09	0.6	0.14	0.46	0.14
us-short-selling__question-a	us__short-selling	Short Selling	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/short-selling/	US	2012-02-20	Financial Markets & Banking; Regulation, Competition, & Market Power	Question A	Bans on the short selling of financial securities, such as stocks and government bonds, lead to prices that are further, on average, from their fundamental values.	null	41	34	5	20	9	0	0	2	5	0.735294	0	0.264706	0.735294	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-02-20-US-EEP-Short-Selling.csv	mixed	null	Banking; Financial regulation; Antitrust/competition	source	0.9	0.26	0.56	0.19	0	0	0.82	0	0.82	0
us-health-care-licensing__question-a	us__health-care-licensing	Health-Care Licensing	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/health-care-licensing/	US	2012-02-29	Healthcare & Wellbeing; Social Policy & Society	Question A	Loosening current licensing restrictions on the range of services that nurses, physician assistants, dental hygienists and pharmacists are permitted to perform would help patients on balance, because the additional safety risks would be small compared to the decreased costs in waiting time and fees.	null	41	29	6	15	7	1	0	5	7	0.724138	0.034483	0.241379	0.689655	Agree	Moderate consensus agree	0.034483	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-02-29-US-EEP-Health-care-Licensing.csv	mixed	null	Healthcare; Political economy	source	0.9	0.32	0.51	0.13	0.04	0	0.83	0.04	0.79	0.04
us-rent-control__question-a	us__rent-control	Rent Control	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/rent-control/	US	2012-02-07	Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities; Social Policy & Society	Question A	Local ordinances that limit rent increases for some rental housing units, such as in New York and San Francisco, have had a positive impact over the past three decades on the amount and quality of broadly affordable rental housing in cities that have used them.	null	41	37	0	1	3	20	13	1	3	0.027027	0.891892	0.081081	-0.864865	Disagree	Strong consensus disagree	0.027027	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-02-07-US-EEP-Rent-Control.csv	mixed	null	Housing/urban policy; Growth/productivity; Political economy	source	0.9	0	0.01	0.04	0.43	0.52	0.01	0.95	-0.94	0.01
us-online-sales-taxes__question-a	us__online-sales-taxes	Online Sales Taxes	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/online-sales-taxes/	US	2012-07-31	Regulation, Competition, & Market Power; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	Subjecting online sales from out-of-state vendors to the same retail sales taxes imposed on in-state sales would raise more tax revenue in the states making this change while reducing the pro-online bias of current policy.	null	40	28	12	16	0	0	0	1	11	1	0	0	1	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-07-31-US-EEP-Online-Sales-Taxes.csv	mixed	null	Antitrust/competition; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.51	0.49	0	0	0	1	0	1	0
us-healthcare-and-taxes__question-a	us__healthcare-and-taxes	Healthcare and Taxes	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/healthcare-and-taxes/	US	2012-07-18	Healthcare & Wellbeing; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	Long run fiscal sustainability in the U.S. will require cuts in currently promised Medicare and Medicaid benefits and/or tax increases that include higher taxes on households with incomes below $250,000.	null	40	32	16	12	4	0	0	1	7	0.875	0	0.125	0.875	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-07-18-US-EEP-Healthcare-and-Taxes.csv	mixed	null	Healthcare; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.56	0.35	0.09	0	0	0.91	0	0.91	0
us-europe__question-a	us__europe	Europe	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europe/	US	2012-07-03	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking	Question A	Assuming that Germany eventually agrees to backstop the debt of southern European countries, the eurozone as a whole will be better off if that bailout is unconditional, rather than accompanied by the labor market reforms and future budget controls that Germany is demanding of countries in return.	null	40	32	0	5	9	15	3	3	5	0.15625	0.5625	0.28125	-0.40625	Disagree	Split / disagreement	0.15625	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-07-03-US-EEP-Europe.csv	mixed	null	Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy	mixed	0.8	0	0.17	0.22	0.48	0.13	0.17	0.61	-0.44	0.17
us-europe__question-b	us__europe	Europe	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europe/	US	2012-07-03	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking	Question B	If Germany fails to bail out the southern tier of Europe, its own economy will be hurt more — because of output and asset losses — than it would be by an unconditional bailout.	null	40	32	0	12	16	4	0	3	5	0.375	0.125	0.5	0.25	Uncertain	Split / disagreement	0.125	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-07-03-US-EEP-Europe.csv	mixed	null	Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy	mixed	0.8	0	0.46	0.35	0.19	0	0.46	0.19	0.27	0.19
us-europe__question-c	us__europe	Europe	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/europe/	US	2012-07-03	Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises; Financial Markets & Banking	Question C	The main reason other eurozone countries need to worry about Greek banks losing access to ECB support is because the ensuing chaos in Greece could trigger bank runs in peripheral countries.	null	40	32	6	23	2	1	0	3	5	0.90625	0.03125	0.0625	0.875	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.03125	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-07-03-US-EEP-Europe.csv	mixed	null	Banking; Financial regulation; Monetary policy	mixed	0.8	0.24	0.66	0.06	0.04	0	0.9	0.04	0.86	0.04
us-college-tuition__question-a	us__college-tuition	College Tuition	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/college-tuition/	US	2012-06-12	Education & Skills; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment	Question A	An important reason why private college and university tuition has risen faster than the CPI during the past few decades is because competition for faculty members — whose potential earnings in other sectors have steadily improved — has driven up their pay faster than their productivity.	null	40	30	2	13	8	6	1	4	6	0.5	0.233333	0.266667	0.266667	Agree	Split / disagreement	0.233333	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-06-12-US-EEP-College-Tuition.csv	mixed	null	Education; Labor markets; Antitrust/competition; Growth/productivity	mixed	0.8	0.11	0.37	0.25	0.22	0.05	0.48	0.27	0.21	0.27
us-fiscal-cliff__question-a	us__fiscal-cliff	Fiscal Cliff	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/fiscal-cliff/	US	2012-06-05	Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity; Taxes & Public Spending	Question A	If the fiscal changes that are planned under current US law take place next year — including Bush era tax cuts expiring, Medicare payment rates to doctors being cut, the AMT applying to many more taxpayers, and automatic cuts in defense and non-defense discretionary spending kicking in — then US real GDP growth in 2013...	null	40	33	12	17	3	1	0	1	6	0.878788	0.030303	0.090909	0.848485	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.030303	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-06-05-US-EEP-Fiscal-Cliff.csv	mixed	null	Growth/productivity; Taxation; Fiscal policy; Public finance	source	0.9	0.48	0.48	0.03	0.01	0	0.96	0.01	0.95	0.01
us-french-labor-policies__question-a	us__french-labor-policies	French Labor Policies	https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/french-labor-policies/	US	2012-05-08	Demographics, Aging, & Gender; Jobs, Pay, & Unemployment	Question A	Reducing the minimum retirement age in France from 62 back to age 60, permanently, would reduce long-term French economic growth and substantially raise French debt relative to GDP over time.	null	40	33	4	24	4	1	0	2	5	0.848485	0.030303	0.121212	0.818182	Agree	Strong consensus agree	0.030303	https://kentclarkcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2012-05-08-US-EEP-French-Labor-Policies.csv	mixed	null	Labor markets; Inequality/redistribution; Fiscal policy; Growth/productivity	mixed	0.8	0.16	0.7	0.12	0.02	0	0.86	0.02	0.84	0.02

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

IGM Forum Economist Consensus

Every IGM Forum poll from the Kent A. Clark Center for Global Markets (US, Europe, Finance panels), spanning 2011–2026, normalized to a uniform schema with a direction-blind consensus metric.

Code & blog post: https://github.com/pradyuprasad/igm-consensus
Interactive chart: https://pradyuprasad.com/writings/economists-agree/
Source: https://kentclarkcenter.org/surveys/

Files

File	Rows	What it is
`statements.csv`	1,146	One row per poll question (text, date, panel, vote shares, source URLs).
`votes.csv`	50,410	One row per economist-question pair (vote, confidence, comment, affiliation).
`statements_consensus.csv`	1,146	`statements.csv` enriched with the HHI consensus index, dominant-direction score, percentile rank, and confidence-weighted variants.
`methodology.md`	—	Coverage stats, panel breakdown, quality checks.

The consensus metric

The chart in the linked blog post ranks questions by HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman concentration) on the three vote shares:

HHI = share_agree² + share_uncertain² + share_disagree²

1.00 = unanimous; 0.33 = perfectly diffuse three-way split.
Direction-blind — survives wording flips like "X is good" vs. "X is bad".
Asymmetry-sensitive: scores 60/39/1 (settled) higher than 60/30/10 (real dissent), unlike top-share alone.

Coverage

558 poll pages, 0 failures, 0 duplicates
1,146 statements: US 644, Europe 377, Finance 125
50,410 votes from 193 distinct economists at top departments (MIT, Harvard, Chicago, Stanford, Yale, Berkeley, Princeton, Columbia, plus European/finance equivalents)
553/558 pages use the official "Download Poll Data" CSV as source of truth; 5 special crisis-rating pages use HTML chart shares.

See methodology.md for the full audit.

Quick start

from datasets import load_dataset

statements = load_dataset("pradyuprasad/igm-consensus", "statements_consensus", split="train")
print(statements[0])

Or with pandas:

import pandas as pd

url = "https://huggingface.co/datasets/pradyuprasad/igm-consensus/resolve/main/statements_consensus.csv"
df = pd.read_csv(url)
print(df.sort_values("consensus_score", ascending=False).head(10))

License

MIT for the schema and code that produced this dataset. Underlying poll data is from the IGM Forum — consult the Clark Center site for terms governing redistribution of the original surveys.

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