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Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | 1,660 | What potential mechanism, could be presumed to underlie the pathogenesis of HCPS? | {
"answer_start": [
18653
],
"text": [
"Direct viral effects"
]
} | 4559 |
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | 1,660 | What potential mechanism, could be presumed to underlie the pathogenesis of HCPS? | {
"answer_start": [
19543
],
"text": [
"Pathogenic effects caused by the activities of specific viral macromolecules."
]
} | 4560 |
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | 1,660 | What explanation have some investigators favored for much of the capillary leak? | {
"answer_start": [
18893
],
"text": [
"direct viral toxicity, acting through the inhibition of endothelial cell barrier function"
]
} | 4561 |
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | 1,660 | What animal models exist for both the asymptomatic carriage of PUUV and SNV? | {
"answer_start": [
20004
],
"text": [
"their native carrier rodents, the bank vole Myodes glareolus and the deer mouse P. maniculatus"
]
} | 4562 |
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | 1,660 | For what can the Syrian hamster model used? | {
"answer_start": [
20140
],
"text": [
"ANDV or the related Maporal virus from Venezuela, for which an HCPS-mimetic disease is observed"
]
} | 4563 |
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | 1,660 | What does the hamster model for HCPS caused by? | {
"answer_start": [
20501
],
"text": [
"by capillary leak that results in pulmonary edema and the production of a pleural effusion with exudative characteristics"
]
} | 4564 |
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | 1,660 | Typically how long do the hamsters die post-inoculation? | {
"answer_start": [
20659
],
"text": [
"11 and 14-d"
]
} | 4565 |
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | 1,660 | What does the microscopic examination of the lung reveal, as with human HCPS? | {
"answer_start": [
20844
],
"text": [
"abundant fibrin deposition, thickened alveolar septa, and viral antigen expressed abundantly in the microvascular endothelium."
]
} | 4566 |
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | 1,660 | What do ANDV-infected hamsters fitted with physiologic monitoring devices exhibit? | {
"answer_start": [
21047
],
"text": [
"diminished pulse pressures, tachycardia, and hypotension"
]
} | 4567 |
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | 1,660 | What do diminished pulse pressures, tachycardia, and hypotension in ANDV infected hamsters appear to closely mimic? | {
"answer_start": [
21133
],
"text": [
"the shock that is believed to be the proximate cause of demise in patients who succumb to HCPS "
]
} | 4568 |
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | 1,660 | Compared to humans, what do ANDV infected hamsters exhibit? | {
"answer_start": [
21302
],
"text": [
"exceptionally high titers of live ANDV in their tissues, with much of the viral replication occurring in hepatocytes"
]
} | 4570 |
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | 1,660 | With what have three studies correlated plasma viral RNA? | {
"answer_start": [
15442
],
"text": [
"with disease severity for HCPS and HFRS,"
]
} | 4572 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What has been the application of phage display technology? | {
"answer_start": [
490
],
"text": [
"protein–protein interactions."
]
} | 1721 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What makes phage display technology useful for other applications? | {
"answer_start": [
532
],
"text": [
" inherent biological, biochemical, and biophysical properties of filamentous bacteriophage, as well as the ease of its genetic manipulation"
]
} | 1722 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What are the advantages of phage as a vaccine carrier? | {
"answer_start": [
998
],
"text": [
"high immunogenicity, relative antigenic simplicity and ability to activate a range of immune responses"
]
} | 1723 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What is the potential of phage for infectious and chronic diseases? | {
"answer_start": [
1134
],
"text": [
"prophylactic and therapeutic agent"
]
} | 1724 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What is the regularity of the virion major coat protein lattice useful for?
| {
"answer_start": [
1274
],
"text": [
" enables a variety of bioconjugation and surface chemistry applications, particularly in nanomaterials"
]
} | 1725 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | Why is the phage ab excellent model system for directed protein evolution? | {
"answer_start": [
1387
],
"text": [
"the phage’s large population sizes and fast generation times"
]
} | 1726 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What are filamentous bacteriophages genera Inovirua and Plectrovirus? | {
"answer_start": [
2053
],
"text": [
"non-enveloped, rod-shaped viruses of Escherichia coli whose long helical capsids encapsulate a single-stranded circular DNA genome."
]
} | 1727 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What invention has made bacteriophage useful for research? | {
"answer_start": [
3167
],
"text": [
"principle of modifying the filamentous phage genome to display polypeptides as fusions to coat proteins on the virion surface "
]
} | 1728 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What has the bacteriphage technology and the library of folded protein variants enabled? | {
"answer_start": [
3755
],
"text": [
"the ability to seamlessly connect genetic information with protein function for a large number of protein variants simultaneously, and has been widely and productively exploited in studies of proteinprotein interactions"
]
} | 1730 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What are the potential novel applications of the filamentous phage? | {
"answer_start": [
4705
],
"text": [
"(i) filamentous phage as a vaccine carrier; (ii) engineered filamentous phage as a therapeutic biologic agent in infectious and chronic diseases; (iii) filamentous phage as a scaffold for bioconjugation and surface chemistry; and (iv) filamentous phage as an engine f... | 1731 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What themes are common in the applications of filamentous phage? | {
"answer_start": [
5210
],
"text": [
" unique biological, immunological, and physicochemical properties of the phage, its ability to display a variety of biomolecules in modular fashion, and its relative simplicity and ease of manipulation"
]
} | 1732 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What do applications of filamentous phage depend on? | {
"answer_start": [
5473
],
"text": [
"its ability to display polypeptides on the virion's surface as fusions to phage coat proteins "
]
} | 1733 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What characteristics are determined by the display mode? | {
"answer_start": [
5611
],
"text": [
" maximum tolerated size of the fused polypeptide, its copy number on the phage, and potentially, the structure of the displayed polypeptide"
]
} | 1734 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | How may the display be achieved? | {
"answer_start": [
5775
],
"text": [
" by fusing DNA encoding a polypeptide of interest directly to the gene encoding a coat protein within the phage genome (type 8 display on pVIII, type 3 display on pIII, etc.)"
]
} | 1735 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What does the term "phage display" refer to? | {
"answer_start": [
8550
],
"text": [
" a recombinant filamentous phage displaying a single polypeptide sequence on its surface (or more rarely, bispecific display achieved via fusion of polypeptides to two different capsid proteins)"
]
} | 1736 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What does the term "phage displayed library" refer to? | {
"answer_start": [
8797
],
"text": [
"a diverse pool of recombinant filamentous phage displaying an array of polypeptide variants (e.g., antibody fragments; peptides)"
]
} | 1737 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What characteristic of filamentous phage has been demonstrated? | {
"answer_start": [
9335
],
"text": [
"is highly immunogenic in the absence of adjuvants (Meynell and Lawn, 1968 ) and that only the major coat protein, pVIII, and the minor coat protein, pIII, are targeted by antibodies"
]
} | 1738 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What application is a natural extension of the ability to display recombinant exogenous sequences on its surface? | {
"answer_start": [
9597
],
"text": [
"as carrier to elicit antibodies against poorly immunogenic haptens or polypeptide"
]
} | 1739 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What makes it an attractive vaccine carrier? | {
"answer_start": [
9836
],
"text": [
"The phage particle's low cost of production, high stability and potential for high valency display of foreign antigen"
]
} | 1740 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What does the display mode determine? | {
"answer_start": [
5607
],
"text": [
" the maximum tolerated size of the fused polypeptide, its copy number on the phage, and potentially, the structure of the displayed polypeptide. "
]
} | 1741 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | Why are antibody epitope based peptide vaccines are no longer an active research area? | {
"answer_start": [
12303
],
"text": [
"(i) in many cases, peptides incompletely or inadequately mimic epitopes on folded proteins (Irving et al., 2010 ; see below); (ii) antibodies against a single epitope may be of limited utility, especially for highly variable pathogens (Van Regenmortel, 2012); and (i... | 1742 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What phage may be useful in allergy immunotherapy? | {
"answer_start": [
13692
],
"text": [
"Phage displaying peptide ligands of an anti-IgE antibody elicited antibodies that bound purified IgE molecules"
]
} | 1743 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | Which are some phage based contraceptive vaccines for animals? | {
"answer_start": [
13997
],
"text": [
" immunization with phage displaying follicle-stimulating hormone peptides on pVIII elicited antibodies that impaired the fertility of mice and ewes "
]
} | 1744 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | Which are some phage based contraceptive vaccines for animals? | {
"answer_start": [
14172
],
"text": [
"Phage displaying or chemically Rubinchik and Chow (2000) conjugated to sperm antigen peptides or peptide mimics (Samoylova et al., 2012a,b) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Samoylov et al., 2012) are also in development."
]
} | 1745 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What is one reason for the lack of success of immunization phage displayed peptides with native protein? | {
"answer_start": [
15926
],
"text": [
" it seems that peptide antigens elicit a set of topologically restricted antibodies that are largely unable to recognize discontinuous or complex epitopes on larger biomolecules. While the peptide may mimic the chemistry of a given epitope on a folded protein (allow... | 1747 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | Despite shortcomings, what has the filamentous phage has been useful for? | {
"answer_start": [
16387
],
"text": [
"as a carrier for peptides with relatively simple secondary structures, which may be stablilized via anchoring to the coat proteins (Henry et al., 2011) . This may be especially true of peptides with poor inherent immunogenicity, which may be increased by high-valenc... | 1748 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What is the result of all species tests of phage particles? | {
"answer_start": [
20826
],
"text": [
" is immunogenic without adjuvant in all species tested to date, including mice (Willis et al., 1993) , rats (Dente et al., 1994) , rabbits (de la Cruz et al., 1988) , guinea pigs (Frenkel et al., 2000; Kim et al., 2004) , fish (Coull et al., 1996; Xia et al., 2005) ... | 1749 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What are the results of filamentous phage immunizations in mice? | {
"answer_start": [
21992
],
"text": [
"serum antibody titers against the phage typically reach 1:10 5 -1:10 6 after 2-3 immunizations, and are maintained for at least 1 year postimmunization (Frenkel et al., 2000) . "
]
} | 1750 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What is the primary antibody response against the phage? | {
"answer_start": [
22227
],
"text": [
"composed of a mixture of IgM and IgG2b isotypes in C57BL/6 mice, while secondary antibody responses are composed primarily of IgG1 and IgG2b isotypes, with a lesser contribution of IgG2c and IgG3 isotypes (Hashiguchi et al., 2010) ."
]
} | 1751 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | Why is phage self-adjuvanting? | {
"answer_start": [
24877
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"text": [
"Host cell wall-derived LPS enhances the virion's immunogenicity, and its removal by polymyxin B chromatography reduces antibody titers against phage coat proteins (Grabowska et al., 2000) . The phage's singlestranded DNA genome contains CpG motifs and may also have ... | 1752 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | On what does the antibody response to phage depend on? | {
"answer_start": [
25228
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"text": [
"MyD88 signaling and is modulated by stimulation of several Toll-like receptors (Hashiguchi et al., 2010) , indicating that innate immunity plays an important "
]
} | 1753 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What do biodistribution studies of the phage after intravenous injection show? | {
"answer_start": [
25552
],
"text": [
" it is cleared from the blood within hours through the reticuloendothelial system (Molenaar et al., 2002) , particularly of the liver and spleen, where it is retained for days (Zou et al., 2004) , potentially activating marginal-zone B-cell responses. "
]
} | 1754 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What are the merits of the filamentous phage carriers? | {
"answer_start": [
25809
],
"text": [
" the filamentous phage is not only a highly immunogenic carrier, but by virtue of activating a range of innate and adaptive immune responses, serves as an excellent model virus-like particle antigen."
]
} | 1755 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What is a future potential of filamentous phage? | {
"answer_start": [
27890
],
"text": [
" as elements of combination therapeutics against certain drug-resistant infections."
]
} | 1756 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What were more potent inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus growth than high-concentration free chloramphenicol? | {
"answer_start": [
28475
],
"text": [
"M13 or fd phage displaying either a targeting peptide or antibody fragment and tethered to chloramphenicol by a labile crosslinker "
]
} | 1757 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What killed prostate cancer cells in vitro? | {
"answer_start": [
28758
],
"text": [
"M13 phage loaded with doxorubicin and displaying a targeting peptide on pIII"
]
} | 1758 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What was the effect of phage displaying peptides on tumor? | {
"answer_start": [
29469
],
"text": [
"Using the B16-OVA tumor model, Eriksson et al. (2007) showed that phage displaying peptides and/or Fabs specific for tumor antigens delayed tumor growth and improved survival, owing in large part to activation of tumor-associated macrophages and recruitment of neutr... | 1759 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | Why is the phage displaying an scFv against β-amyloid fibrils is a good diagnostic for Alzheimers and Parkinson's disease? | {
"answer_start": [
30008
],
"text": [
" ability of the phage to penetrate into brain tissue (Ksendzovsky et al., 2012) "
]
} | 1760 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What is the structure of a filamentous phage particle? | {
"answer_start": [
33493
],
"text": [
"is enclosed by a rod-like protein capsid, ∼1000 nm long and 5 nm wide, made up almost entirely of overlapping pVIII monomers, each of which lies ∼27 angstroms from its nearest neighbor and exposes two amine groups as well as at least three carboxyl groups (Henry et ... | 1761 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What makes filamentous phage ideal scaffold for bioconjugation? | {
"answer_start": [
33772
],
"text": [
"The regularity of the phage pVIII lattice and its diversity of chemically addressable groups"
]
} | 1762 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What trials have been done to demonstrate the potential of phage in applications for nanomaterials? | {
"answer_start": [
35140
],
"text": [
"Lee et al. (2002) engineered M13 phage to display a ZnS-binding peptide on pIII and showed that, in the presence of ZnS nanoparticles, they selfassemble into highly ordered film biomaterials that can be aligned using magnetic fields."
]
} | 1763 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What trials have been done to demonstrate the potential of phage in applications for nanomaterials? | {
"answer_start": [
35374
],
"text": [
"Taking advantage of the ability to display substrate-specific peptides at known locations on the phage filament Hess et al., 2012) , this pioneering FIGURE 3 | Chemically addressable groups of the filamentous bacteriophage major coat protein lattice. "
]
} | 1764 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What is the filamentous phage varion is made of? | {
"answer_start": [
35657
],
"text": [
"made up of ∼2,500-4,000 overlapping copies of the 50-residue major coat protein, pVIII, arranged in a shingle-type lattice. Each monomer has an array of chemically addressable groups available for bioorthogonal conjugation, including two primary amine groups (shown ... | 1765 |
Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | 1,674 | What demonstrate the potential of phage in applications for nanomaterials? | {
"answer_start": [
36246
],
"text": [
"construction of two-and threedimensional nanomaterials with more advanced architectures, including semiconducting nanowires (Mao et al., 2003 (Mao et al., , 2004 , nanoparticles , and nanocomposites (Oh et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2014)"
]
} | 1766 |
‘Tiny Iceland’ preparing for Ebola in a globalized world
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6507955/
SHA: efd94d1135c5ee11c2af624b344881e079a5ce7a
Authors: Gunnlaugsson, Geir; Hauksdóttir, Íris Eva; Bygbjerg, Ib Christian; Pinkowski Tersbøl, Britt
Date: 2019-05-07
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1597451
License... | 1,618 | When did the World Health Organization declare the Ebola epidemic in West Africa as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern? | {
"answer_start": [
2494
],
"text": [
"8 August 2014"
]
} | 2178 |
‘Tiny Iceland’ preparing for Ebola in a globalized world
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6507955/
SHA: efd94d1135c5ee11c2af624b344881e079a5ce7a
Authors: Gunnlaugsson, Geir; Hauksdóttir, Íris Eva; Bygbjerg, Ib Christian; Pinkowski Tersbøl, Britt
Date: 2019-05-07
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1597451
License... | 1,618 | What is PPE? | {
"answer_start": [
6407
],
"text": [
"Personal Protective Equipment"
]
} | 2181 |
‘Tiny Iceland’ preparing for Ebola in a globalized world
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6507955/
SHA: efd94d1135c5ee11c2af624b344881e079a5ce7a
Authors: Gunnlaugsson, Geir; Hauksdóttir, Íris Eva; Bygbjerg, Ib Christian; Pinkowski Tersbøl, Britt
Date: 2019-05-07
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1597451
License... | 1,618 | Where did the 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa spread to? | {
"answer_start": [
20518
],
"text": [
"neighbouring sub-Saharan countries, North America, and Europe"
]
} | 2183 |
‘Tiny Iceland’ preparing for Ebola in a globalized world
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6507955/
SHA: efd94d1135c5ee11c2af624b344881e079a5ce7a
Authors: Gunnlaugsson, Geir; Hauksdóttir, Íris Eva; Bygbjerg, Ib Christian; Pinkowski Tersbøl, Britt
Date: 2019-05-07
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1597451
License... | 1,618 | What are the prerequisites for successful emergency preparedness for an epidemic? | {
"answer_start": [
25212
],
"text": [
"connectedness between health professionals, technological devices, and knowledge"
]
} | 2184 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | When was the first case of COVID-19 identified? | {
"answer_start": [
981
],
"text": [
"Wuhan City, China"
]
} | 1197 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | Where did SARS-CoV-2 originate? | {
"answer_start": [
981
],
"text": [
"Wuhan City, China"
]
} | 1199 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | In what year did the first SARS epidemic occur? | {
"answer_start": [
5102
],
"text": [
" rapid and transparent sharing of information between countries and agencies"
]
} | 1201 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | When was World Health Organization (WHO) first notified about the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Wuhan City, China? | {
"answer_start": [
1268
],
"text": [
"31 December"
]
} | 1202 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | When did we discover that SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, was a novel coronavirus? | {
"answer_start": [
1304
],
"text": [
"26 January 2020"
]
} | 1203 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | How long did it take to identify the cause of COVID-19? | {
"answer_start": [
1292
],
"text": [
"4 weeks"
]
} | 1204 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | What type of test was initially developed to screen for SARS-CoV-2? | {
"answer_start": [
1445
],
"text": [
" reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction"
]
} | 1205 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | How big was the temporary hospital built in Wuhan City for treatment of COVID-19 patients? | {
"answer_start": [
1743
],
"text": [
"1000 bed hospital"
]
} | 1206 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | How long did it take China to build the temporary hospital in Wuhan for COVID-19 patients? | {
"answer_start": [
1773
],
"text": [
"10 days"
]
} | 1207 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | What is a key factor in managing emerging infectious disease threats? | {
"answer_start": [
5113
],
"text": [
"transparent sharing of information between countries and agencies"
]
} | 1208 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | In what year did the MERS epidemic occur? | {
"answer_start": [
5511
],
"text": [
"2012"
]
} | 1209 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | How long did it take to publish the full genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 after it was identified? | {
"answer_start": [
5951
],
"text": [
"2 weeks"
]
} | 1210 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | What was the fatality rate for SARS-CoV? | {
"answer_start": [
7310
],
"text": [
"10%"
]
} | 1211 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | What was the fatality rate for MERS? | {
"answer_start": [
7331
],
"text": [
"34%"
]
} | 1212 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | What are some challenges associated with using media and social media to capture information about an emerging epidemic? | {
"answer_start": [
8273
],
"text": [
"the volume and diversity of the information available and the relative lack of verification mechanisms"
]
} | 1213 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | What are the risks of health workers failing to wash hands? | {
"answer_start": [
8828
],
"text": [
"autoinfection, but also in infection of patients hospitalised for other causes when they provide care"
]
} | 1214 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | Who is at risk when health workers fail to wash their hands? | {
"answer_start": [
8967
],
"text": [
" the health worker, but also for their families and the communities in which they live"
]
} | 1215 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | What was the R0 of SARS in absence of control measures? | {
"answer_start": [
9947
],
"text": [
"3"
]
} | 1216 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | What is superspreading? | {
"answer_start": [
9409
],
"text": [
"where a case infected significantly more contacts than the average"
]
} | 1217 |
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | 2,463 | How many people may have left Wuhan before travel restrictions were imposed? | {
"answer_start": [
16332
],
"text": [
"5 m people"
]
} | 1218 |
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | 1,582 | How is exhaled breath condensate used in viral research? | {
"answer_start": [
548
],
"text": [
"the isolation of respiratory viruses"
]
} | 5193 |
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | 1,582 | How many patients were i this study? | {
"answer_start": [
609
],
"text": [
"102"
]
} | 5194 |
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | 1,582 | What was the conclusion of this study? | {
"answer_start": [
1673
],
"text": [
"EBC collection using the RTube™ is not reliable for diagnosis of respiratory infections"
]
} | 5195 |
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | 1,582 | How long did the patient breath into the RTube? | {
"answer_start": [
4107
],
"text": [
"10 minutes"
]
} | 5196 |
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | 1,582 | What followed the reverse transcription step in the analysis? | {
"answer_start": [
9620
],
"text": [
"denaturation step"
]
} | 5197 |
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | 1,582 | What was the last step in the analysis? | {
"answer_start": [
9670
],
"text": [
"amplification step"
]
} | 5198 |
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | 1,582 | What percentage of the patients were between 20 and 30 years old in this study? | {
"answer_start": [
9888
],
"text": [
"52%"
]
} | 5199 |
Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | 1,582 | Why is EBC an attractive method for screening? | {
"answer_start": [
12629
],
"text": [
"easy to perform and can be conducted in a home environment"
]
} | 5200 |
Recent Progress in Studies of Arterivirus- and Coronavirus-Host Interactions
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3397358/
SHA: f5e974ef3a8c983ae63ac4f4aa2b6ec0e3678032
Authors: Zhong, Yanxin; Tan, Yong Wah; Liu, Ding Xiang
Date: 2012-06-19
DOI: 10.3390/v4060980
License: cc-by
Abstract: Animal coronaviruses... | 1,722 | What is the structure of a coronavirus? | {
"answer_start": [
1119
],
"text": [
"large, non-segmented, positive sense and single stranded RNA animal viruses"
]
} | 5314 |
Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | 2,620 | What was the initial growth phase pattern? | {
"answer_start": [
1435
],
"text": [
"exponential growth pattern"
]
} | 1872 |
Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | 2,620 | What was the result of under-reporting? | {
"answer_start": [
1514
],
"text": [
"469 (95% CI: 403−540) unreported cases from 1 to 15 Januar"
]
} | 1875 |
Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | 2,620 | What is R0? | {
"answer_start": [
836
],
"text": [
"basic reproduction number,"
]
} | 1877 |
Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | 2,620 | What is likely increase of the reporting rate after the 17th January 2020? | {
"answer_start": [
1649
],
"text": [
"reased 21-fold (95% CI: 18"
]
} | 1879 |
Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | 2,620 | What is the estimated value of R0? | {
"answer_start": [
1779
],
"text": [
"019-nCoV at 2.56 (95% CI"
]
} | 1880 |
Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | 2,620 | What is the likely period of under-reporting? | {
"answer_start": [
1865
],
"text": [
" to have occurred during the first ha"
]
} | 1881 |
Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | 2,620 | Where and when was 2019-nCOV first identified? | {
"answer_start": [
2064
],
"text": [
"s first identified in Wuhan, China"
]
} | 1882 |
Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | 2,620 | What are some of the symptoms caused by the virus? | {
"answer_start": [
2151
],
"text": [
"ymptoms including fever, cough, and sh"
]
} | 1884 |
Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | 2,620 | What was the cumulative number of reported cases by 1 January 2020? | {
"answer_start": [
2266
],
"text": [
"sed"
]
} | 1886 |
Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | 2,620 | As of 26 January 2020, what had the outbreak resulted in? | {
"answer_start": [
2405
],
"text": [
"k had resulted in 2066 (618 of them are in Wuhan) confirmed cases and 56 (45 of them were in Wuhan) deaths in "
]
} | 1889 |
Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | 2,620 | As of 26 January 2020, what countries had sporadic cases? | {
"answer_start": [
2574
],
"text": [
" were reported in Thailand, Japan, Republic of Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Australia, and"
]
} | 1891 |
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