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used in the command line stuff like, give me a DOM node
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or give me CSS on this DOM node, stuff like that, that doesn't really
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make sense in a command line interface, therefore those things
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are not on this global object.
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And then if we try to type global, here in the window,
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that doesn't really make sense either.
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There's another thing that's just kind of important to know
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but you might not ever take advantage of it.
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But does that-- does that make sense?
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Cool.
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So let's move onto something that we'll discuss a lot more in the next lecture
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but I'll go ahead and introduce the concept in this lecture
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and leave you with a little bit of a teaser.
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So who here has heard of a closure before?
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So closures are actually one of the things
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that JavaScript programmers hate the most
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because it's a very, very difficult concept to learn.
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Mostly because it's always taught somewhat poorly.
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And so next time I'm going to try to do a good job of teaching you,
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but I'm going to show you right now the problem that a lot of people face.
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And so what closures are are functions--
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is a behavior whereby functions that refer to variables
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declared by a parent function still exist,
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and it's possibly because of scoping.
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What the heck does that mean?
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I'll explain it in the next lecture, but let's go ahead
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and explore what this actually means.
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All right.
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So let's do this.
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So first thing I'm going to do is I'm going
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to declare an empty array called array, and I'm
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going to fill that with a few values.
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That's And I'm using var intentionally.
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And that's push on a function that does this.
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All right So what the heck did I do here?
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So I declared a function called makeFunctionArray,
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and all it does is it creates an array, fill it with functions,
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and then invoke one of them.
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And so if I were to call this--
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if I were to call this, I'd get back an array full of functions, right?
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And what do we expect those functions to do? each of them?
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Print a number, right?
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And so what should happen is I should just--
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I should be able to march through this array, invoke each of those functions,
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and get back something that counts, right?
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Basically?
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So let's see what happens.
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So I'm just going to access that first one and invoke it,
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and we expect it to print out 0.
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So that there is one, a JavaScript programmer's worst enemy,
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because it's somewhat unexpected, and as we'll see in coming lectures,
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that is actually as expected.
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So I'll leave you guys on that cliffhanger for next time,
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and we'll go ahead and officially end lecture.
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I'll stick around if you any questions.
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[MUSIC PLAYING]
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BRIAN YU: All right, welcome back everyone
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to Web Programming with Python and JavaScript.
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So last time we took a look at a brand new web framework
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written in Python called Django.
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And what Django allowed us to do was to build dynamic web applications.
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Applications where we now had the ability
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to not just display the same HTML and CSS to the user every single time,
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but to dynamically generate HTML in order
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to allow users to interact with a page that was a little bit more dynamic.
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Doing things like rendering things on the page only if a certain condition
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was true.
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Or looping over a list of values and displaying one HTML element
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for each of those possible values.
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But where Django gets especially powerful
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and we're web application certainly get much more interesting
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is as we start to delve into the world of data
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and trying to have web applications that store data inside of a database.
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And to do that we're going to introduce a couple of topics today.
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In particular, we're going to introduce the idea of SQL, models,
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and migrations.
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SQL is a database language that we can use to interact with databases
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and Django is going to allow us to have an abstraction layer on top of SQL.
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To interact not by writing direct SQL queries,
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but by interacting with Python classes and objects
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that we're going to refer to as models.
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And migrations are going to be a technique that
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are going to allow us to update our database in response to changes
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that we make to our underlying models.
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So before we get into things that are more Django specific,
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let's begin with a discussion of SQL more generally.
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And more broadly, just a discussion of data and the types of data
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that we're going to want to store.
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And now there are a number of ways that we could try to store data inside
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of a computer system but oftentimes in databases,
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in particular, in a type of database known as a relational database,
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we're going to store data inside of a table where each table is
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going to have rows and columns.
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So for the sake of today, we're going to imagine
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starting to construct a database and a web application
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that an airline might use.
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For example, for keeping track of various different flights
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on that airline and keeping track of which passengers are on those flights.
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And so what we have here is a sample table, for example,
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of how you might represent a whole bunch of flight related data.
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