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equals to less than and greater than.
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It tends to be that the exclamation point equals
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is the more common operator in this case, but they do the very same thing.
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Now, one more keyword I could use here that's worth mentioning
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is this keyword called NOT.
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So here, I was able to use exclamation point equals or the less
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than or greater than sign to say not equals.
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But I could also negate a condition using NOT.
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So let's try using this one in our SQLite terminal too.
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I'll go back over here.
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And I'll bring back my SQLite terminal.
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I'll say let's do not this operator here, but instead use NOT.
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So I might, in front of WHERE, say WHERE NOT "format" equals "hardcover."
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So I have a condition, "format" equals "hardcover,"
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but now I'm going to negate it, take the opposite of it
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and get back the very same results here too.
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OK.
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So to the question earlier, how we can combine these conditionals.
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So let's try that here in just a minute.
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So let's say I wanted to find the books that
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were not just written in 2022 or 2023 alone, but all the books together.
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Well for this, I could use a few other SQL keywords that
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might be a little familiar to you too.
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Let's try looking at some of these over here.
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So here, we have these called AND, OR, and these parentheses here too.
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So using AND and OR, I can change conditionals.
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I can put them together to make a more complex conditional, a compound
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condition.
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And I could also use these parentheses to symbolize
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that this condition should come first and then
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some condition should come afterwards as well.
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So let's try these in SQLite as well.
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I'll go back to my computer.
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And again, our goal is to find not just books in 2022 or 2023,
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but books that work across those years as well.
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So I'll, in this case say, SELECT--
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let's go for a "title" and "author" from my "longlist" table.
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Now, I'll say WHERE the "year" is 2022, as we did
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before, OR perhaps the "year" is 2023.
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And notice how my query is kind of wrapping around my terminal.
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I could leave it like this, or if I backspace just a little bit,
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I could hit Enter.
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And now I'm on a new line to continue my query.
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So here, I'll say OR "year" is 2023.
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And now my query is done.
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So I'll hit Semicolon.
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And I should see those books published in or nominated in 2022 or 2023.
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Let's try a few more here.
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Let's try using our parentheses as well.
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Maybe I want not just these books but also
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those that are formatted in a hardcover format.
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So I'll say--
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I'll clear my terminal, Control-L again, and SELECT "title" as well as,
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let's say, "format" from my "longlist" table.
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And now, I'll hit my new line to extend my query
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without wrapping it on my terminal.
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I'll hit Enter.
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And I'll say WHERE the "year" is 2022 OR the "year" is 2023.
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That's one condition.
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And I can denote that with a single set of parentheses here.
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I also want it to be true that the "format" is not "hardcover."
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So now, I'm adding another condition in here.
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Now, I'll say Semicolon, hit Enter.
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And I'll get back only those books that are published in the paperback
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format in 2022 and 2023.
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OK.
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So let me pause again and ask if there are any questions so far
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in how we've been using WHERE and SELECT and other conditions as well.
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SPEAKER: I would like to know about the--
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we can have a list of the top titles available in the database.
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Like you have mentioned, the title, author, where we can know about that.
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What are the titles available in the database using command below?
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CARTER ZENKE: Yeah.
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So here I've been using these column names called "title" and "author."
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And I think your question is, how would I know that I have these columns?
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Well, as we'll see in future times together,
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I'll be able to actually look at the schema of my database, what
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columns are inside of it.
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For now, just take it on my own word that I
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knew what was inside the database before I actually started querying it.
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We'll see later on how you can take a database
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and understand the columns you have there too.
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A good question.
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Let's jump into some more queries then.
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I'll go back to my computer.
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And let's see what else we could do with these conditions.
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Well, not only could I try to make compound conditions,
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I could also try to find, let's say, which data is missing.
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So I know in this table, I have not just authors of books,
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but translators of those books.
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Often, books for the International Booker Prize
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were translated from some other language into English--
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but some weren't or at least they didn't have a translator
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that was separate from the author.
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So to think about what data is missing from our table,
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we should introduce this new idea--
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this one called NULL.
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So I'll walk over here.
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And we'll see that we have this type called NULL, where this
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means that this value doesn't exist.
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