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of like double clicking on an icon on
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your Mac or PC but it's a programmer's
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technique because it's going to allow
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you to specify exactly what you want to
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read from or write to that file formally
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its documentation is here and you'll see
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that its usage is relatively
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straightforward it minimally just
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requires the name of the file that we
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want to open and optionally how we want
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to open it so let me go back to vs code
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here and let me propose now that I do
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this I'm going to go ahead and call this
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function called open passing in an
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argument for names.txt which is the name
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of the file I would like to store all of
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these names in I could call it anything
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I want but because it's going to be just
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text it's conventional to call it
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something.txt but I'm also going to tell
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the open function that I plan to write
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to this file so as a second argument to
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open I'm going to put literally quote
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unquote W for right and that's going to
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tell open to open the file in a way
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that's going to allow me to change the
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contents and better yet if it doesn't
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even exist yet it's going to create the
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file for me now open returns what's
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called a file handle a special value
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that allows me to access that file
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subsequently so I'm going to go ahead
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and sign it equal to a variable like
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file and now I'm going to go ahead and
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quite simply write this person's name to
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that file so I'm going to literally type
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file which is the variable a linking to
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that file dot write which is a function
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otherwise known as a method that comes
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with open files that allows me to write
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that name to the file and then lastly
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I'm going to quite simply going to go
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ahead and say file Dot close which will
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close and effectively save the file so
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these three lines of code here are
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essentially the programmers equivalent
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to like double clicking an icon on your
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Mac or PC making some changes in
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Microsoft Word or some other program and
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going to file save we're doing that all
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in code with just these three lines here
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well let's see now how this works let me
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go ahead now and run python of names.pi
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and enter let's type in a name I'll type
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in Hermione
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enter all right where did she end up
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well let me go ahead now and type code
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of names.txt which is a file that
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happens now to exist because I opened it
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in right mode and if I open this in a
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tab we'll see there's Hermione well
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let's go ahead and run names.pi once
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more I'm going to go ahead and run
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python of names.pi enter and this time
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I'll type in Harry let me go ahead and
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run it one more time and this time I'll
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type in Ron and now let me go up to
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names.text where hopefully I'll see all
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three of them here
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but no I've just actually seen Ron
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What might explain what happened to
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Hermione and Harry even though I'm
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pretty sure I ran the program three
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times and I definitely wrote the code
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that writes their name to that file
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what's going on here do you think I
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think because we're not appending them
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we should append the names since we are
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writing directly it is erasing the old
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content and it is replacing with the
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last uh
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set of characters that we mentioned
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exactly unfortunately quote unquote W is
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a little dangerous not only will it
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create the file for you it will also
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recreate the file for you every time you
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open the file in that mode so if you
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open the file once and write Hermione
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that worked just fine as we saw but if
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you do it again for Harry if you do it
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again for Ron the code is working but
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each time it's opening the file and
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recreating it with brand new contents so
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we had one version with Hermione one
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version with Harry and one final version
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with Ron but ideally I think we probably
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want to be appending as bashal says each
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of those names to the file not just
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clobbering that is overwriting the file
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each time so how can I do this it's
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