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Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The Telecenter design supports audio conferencing, remote delivery and viewing of slide presentations, and other collaboration features also available in commercial and public-domain collaboration middleware products. | The Telecenter design supports audio conferencing, remote delivery [facilitates remote dissemination] and viewing of slide presentations, and other collaboration features also available in commercial and public-domain collaboration middleware products. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: However, it goes beyond existing solutions by also embedding a specific workflow and content organization suited for traffic injury reviews, supporting spatio-temporal role-based access control, distributed management of content and seamless integration of existing s... | However, it goes beyond existing solutions [surpasses current offerings] by also embedding a specific workflow and content organization suited for traffic injury reviews, supporting spatio-temporal role-based access control, distributed management [decentralized administration] of content and seamless integration [effo... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The current status and experience from using an early prototype of the Telecenter in actual case reviews are discussed, along with planned extensions to its functionality. | The current status and experience from using an early prototype of the Telecenter in actual case reviews are discussed [examined], along with planned extensions [anticipated enhancements] to its functionality. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: In order to make the strategy for research and development R&D purchase system better serve the personalization of material requirements in R&D process, the authors propose to develop a strategy set which will satisfy the internal as well as external constraints simu... | In order to make the strategy for research and development R&D purchase system better serve [more effectively accommodate] the personalization of material requirements in [personalized demands within] the R&D process, the authors propose to develop a strategy set which will satisfy the internal as well as external cons... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Social network analysis is used to analyze the vertical and horizontal relationships among the project, department and enterprise layers. | Social network analysis is used [employed] to analyze the vertical and horizontal relationships among [across] the project, department and enterprise layers. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Through a case study, the authors display the regulatory relationship of participants under given organization pattern and supply chain configuration. | Through a case study, the authors display [demonstrate] the regulatory relationship of participants under [within the context of a] given organization pattern and supply chain configuration. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Matching visual patterns that appear scaled, rotated, and deformed with respect to each other is a challenging problem. | Matching visual patterns that appear scaled, rotated, and deformed with respect to each other is a challenging problem [poses a significant challenge]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We propose a linear formulation that simultaneously matches feature points and estimates global geometrical transformation in a constrained linear space. | We propose a linear formulation that simultaneously matches feature points and estimates global geometrical transformation [determines global geometric transformations] in a constrained linear space [within a limited linear space]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The linear scheme enables search space reduction based on the lower convex hull property so that the problem size is largely decoupled from the original hard combinatorial problem. | The linear scheme enables search space reduction [facilitates search space minimization] based on the lower convex hull property so that the problem size is largely decoupled [significantly separated] from the original hard combinatorial problem. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Our method therefore can be used to solve large scale problems that involve a very large number of candidate feature points. | Our method therefore can be used to solve large scale problems [address extensive problems] that involve a very large number [a substantial quantity] of candidate feature points. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Key establishment in sensor networks is a challenging problem because asymmetric key cryptosystems are unsuitable for use in resource constrained sensor nodes, and also because the nodes could be physically compromised by an adversary. | Key establishment in sensor networks is a challenging problem [poses considerable challenges] because asymmetric key cryptosystems are unsuitable [ill-suited, inappropriate] for use in resource constrained sensor nodes, and also because the nodes could be physically compromised by an adversary [subject to physical comp... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We present three new mechanisms for key establishment using the framework of pre-distributing a random set of keys to each node. | We present three new mechanisms for key establishment using the framework of pre-distributing a random set of keys to each node [employing the key predistribution framework]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: First, in the q-composite keys scheme, we trade off the unlikeliness of a large-scale network attack in order to significantly strengthen random key predistribution's strength against smaller-scale attacks. | First, in the q-composite keys scheme, we trade off [sacrifice, exchange] the unlikeliness [improbability] of a large-scale network attack in order to significantly strengthen [enhance considerably] random key predistribution's strength against smaller-scale attacks. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: This model improves the observable fact that the system might experience shortage during the screening duration and also takes quantity discount into account. | This model improves the observable fact [enhances the empirical observation] that the system might experience a shortage during the screening duration and also takes quantity discount into account. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The expected annual integrated total cost function is derived and properties and theorems are explored to help develop an algorithm. | The expected annual integrated total cost function is derived [is formally derived] and properties and theorems are explored [systematically examined] to help develop an algorithm. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: A solution procedure, free from the convexity associated with an algorithm is established to find the optimal solution. | A solution procedure, free from the convexity associated with an algorithm [independent of the typical convexity requirements], is established to find the optimal solution. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Since the third wave in human–computer interaction HCI, research on user experience UX has gained momentum within the HCI community. | Since the third wave in human–computer interaction HCI, research on user experience UX has gained momentum [witnessed increased attention, experienced growing interest] within the HCI community. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The focus has shifted from systematic usability requirements and measures towards guidance on designing for experiences. | The focus has shifted [transitioned, evolved] from systematic usability requirements and measures towards guidance on designing for experiences. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: This is a big change, since design has traditionally not played a large role in HCI research. | This is a big change [significant transformation, substantial shift], since design has traditionally not played a large role in HCI research. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Yet, the literature addressing this shift in focus is very limited. | Yet, the literature addressing this shift in focus is very limited [remarkably scarce, notably insufficient]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We believe that the field of UX research can learn from a field where design and experiential aspects have always been important: design research. | We believe that the field of UX research can learn from a field where design and experiential aspects have always been important [critical, essential]: design research. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: In this article, we discuss why design is needed in UX research and how research that includes design as a part of research can support and advance UX design practice. | In this article, we discuss [examine, analyze] why design is needed [necessary, essential] in UX research and how research that includes [incorporates, integrates] design as a part of research can support [facilitate, enhance] and advance UX design practice. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We do this by investigating types of design-inclusive UX research and by learning from real-life cases of UX-related design research. | We do this by investigating [exploring, examining] types of design-inclusive UX research and by learning from [analyzing, examining] real-life cases of UX-related design research. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We report the results of an interview study with 41 researchers in three academic research units where design research meets UX research. | We report the results of an interview study with 41 researchers in three academic research units where design research meets [intersects with, converges with] UX research. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Based on our interview findings, and building on existing literature, we describe the different roles design can play in research projects. | Based on our interview findings, and building on [drawing on, utilizing] existing literature, we describe [outline, elucidate] the different roles design can play in research projects. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: To enable the huge saving of the kit-breakdown, we developed MaxIt v1.2 to generate an optimal capacity plan at the kit component level for the mid-range build plan in multi-factory environment. | To enable the huge saving [substantial reduction] of the kit-breakdown, we developed MaxIt v1.2 to generate an optimal capacity plan [efficient capacity strategy] at the kit component level for the mid-range build plan in a multi-factory environment. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We also conduct detailed sensitivity analysis on parameter setting and objective prioritizing. | We also conduct detailed sensitivity analysis [comprehensive sensitivity assessment] on parameter setting [parameter configuration] and objective prioritizing [goal prioritization]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: With the implementation in the Intel Shanghai and Manila sites, we have significantly improved data integrity and enabled a -US/spl ges/ cost savings. | With the implementation in the Intel Shanghai and Manila sites, we have significantly improved data integrity and enabled a -US/spl ges/ cost savings [facilitated cost reductions]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: There were three reasons for the tank structure: (1) weight is evenly and comfortably distributed over the body, and bulk is distributed unobtrusively; (2) it provides privacy by situating the apparatus within the corporeal boundary we consider our own (personal) spa... | There were three reasons for the tank structure: (1) weight is evenly and comfortably distributed [uniformly and ergonomically allocated] over the body, and bulk is distributed unobtrusively [discreetly allocated]; (2) it provides privacy by situating the apparatus within the corporeal boundary [enabling confidentialit... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The knowledge in meta-learning is acquired from a set of meta-examples which are generated from the empirical evaluation of the algorithms on problems in the past. | The knowledge in meta-learning is acquired [gained, obtained] from a set of meta-examples which are generated [produced, derived] from the empirical evaluation of the algorithms on problems in the past. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: In this work, active learning is used to reduce the number of meta-examples needed for meta-learning. | In this work, active learning is used to reduce [decrease, minimize] the number of meta-examples needed [required, necessary] for meta-learning. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The motivation is to select only the most relevant problems for meta-example generation, and consequently to reduce the number of empirical evaluations of the candidate algorithms. | The motivation is to select only the most relevant problems for meta-example generation, and consequently to reduce [minimize, lessen] the number of empirical evaluations of the candidate algorithms. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: In this paper we address the Hera methodology and specifically explain the integration model that covers the different aspects of integration, and the adaptation model, that specifies how the generated presentations are adaptable (e.g. | In this paper we address the Hera methodology [examine the Hera methodology] and specifically explain the integration model [elucidate the integration model] that covers the different aspects of integration [encompasses various aspects of integration], and the adaptation model, that specifies [delineates] how the gener... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The Hera software framework provides a set of transformations that allow a WIS to go from integration to presentation generation. | The Hera software framework provides a set of transformations [offers a series of transformations] that allow a WIS to go from integration to presentation generation [enable a WIS to transition from integration to presentation generation]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: These transformations are based on RDF(S), and we show how RDF(S) has proven its value in combining all relevant aspects of WIS design. | These transformations are based on RDF(S), and we show [demonstrate] how RDF(S) has proven its value in combining all relevant aspects of WIS design [integrating all pertinent aspects of WIS design]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The optimal wiresizing problem for nets with multiple sources is studied under the distributed Elmore delay model. | The optimal wiresizing problem for nets with multiple sources is studied [examined, analyzed] under the distributed Elmore delay model. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We decompose such a net into a source subtree (SST) and a set of loading subtrees (LSTs), and show the optimal wiresizing solution satisfies a number of interesting properties, including: the LST separability, the LST monotone property, the SST local monotone propert... | We decompose [disaggregate, partition] such a net into a source subtree (SST) and a set of loading subtrees (LSTs), and show the optimal wiresizing solution satisfies a number of interesting properties, including: the LST separability, the LST monotone property, the SST local monotone property, and the general dominanc... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Furthermore, we study the optimal wiresizing problem using a variable grid and reveal the bundled refinement property. | Furthermore, we study [investigate, explore] the optimal wiresizing problem using a variable grid and reveal the bundled refinement property. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Differences between non-reward- and reward-predicting cues were localized in the cuneus and later in the dorsal PCC, suggesting a modulation by potential reward information during early visual processing, followed by a coarse emotional evaluation of the cues. | Differences between non-reward- and reward-predicting cues were localized in the cuneus and later in the dorsal PCC, suggesting a modulation by potential reward information during early visual processing [indicating an adjustment by prospective reward information during initial visual processing], followed by a coarse ... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Oscillatory analysis revealed increased theta power after non-reward cues over fronto-central sites. | Oscillatory analysis revealed increased theta power [demonstrated augmented theta power] after non-reward cues over fronto-central sites. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: In the beta range, power decreased with the magnitude of the potential reward and increased with re- action time, probably reflecting the influence of the striatal response to potential reward on the sensorimotor cortex. | In the beta range, power decreased [power diminished] with the magnitude of the potential reward and increased with reaction time [escalated with response time], probably reflecting the influence [likely indicating the impact] of the striatal response to potential reward on the sensorimotor cortex. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The proper number of background clusters is derived automatically which maximizes a cluster validity index. | The proper number of background clusters is derived automatically [determined algorithmically] which maximizes a cluster validity index [optimizes]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: A spatial penalty term considering the spatial location information is introduced and incorporated into the objective function such that pixels having similar color but located in different regions can be differentiated. | A spatial penalty term considering the spatial location information is introduced [integrated] and incorporated [embedded] into the objective function such that pixels having [exhibiting] similar color but located in different regions can be differentiated [distinguished]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: This facilitates the separation of lip and background pixels that otherwise are inseparable due to the similarity in color. | This facilitates [enhances] the separation of lip and background pixels that otherwise are inseparable [indistinguishable] due to the similarity in color. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The value of the first formant of high back and high front vowels (/u/ and /i/) has been determined for near minimal pairs in a 30-language sample. | The value of the first formant of high back and high front vowels (/u/ and /i/) has been determined [ascertained, quantified] for near minimal pairs in a 30-language sample. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: It is found that for 29 out of 30 languages the average of the first formant is higher for high back vowels than for high front vowels, and that for 26 out of 28 languages the majority of minimal pairs has a high back vowel with a higher first formant than that of th... | It is found [observed, noted] that for 29 out of 30 languages the average of the first formant is higher [greater, elevated] for high back vowels than for high front vowels, and that for 26 out of 28 languages the majority of minimal pairs has a high back vowel with a higher first formant than that of [compared to, rel... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: In this paper, we first establish a stability result for a class of linear switching systems involving Kronecker product. | In this paper, we first establish a stability result [demonstrate a stability finding] for a class of linear switching systems involving Kronecker product. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The problem is intriguing in that the system matrix does not have to be Hurwitz in any time instant. | The problem is intriguing [noteworthy] in that the system matrix does not have to be Hurwitz in any time instant [at any given moment]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We have established the main result by a combination of the Lyapunov stability analysis and a generalized Barbalat's Lemma applicable to piecewise continuous linear systems. | We have established the main result [have derived the principal finding] by a combination of the Lyapunov stability analysis and a generalized Barbalat's Lemma applicable to piecewise continuous linear systems. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: As applications of this stability result, we study both the leaderless consensus problem and the leader-following consensus problem for general marginally stable linear multi-agent systems under switching network topology. | As applications of this stability result, we study both the leaderless consensus problem [examine both the leaderless consensus challenge] and the leader-following consensus problem for general marginally stable linear multi-agent systems under switching network topology. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: This paper describes a new approach, based on linear programming, for computing nonnegative matrix factorizations (NMFs). | This paper describes a new approach [presents a novel method], based on linear programming, for computing nonnegative matrix factorizations (NMFs). |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The key idea is a data-driven model for the factorization where the most salient features in the data are used to express the remaining features. | The key idea is a data-driven model [principle] for the factorization where the most salient features in the data are used [employed] to express the remaining features. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: More precisely, given a data matrix X, the algorithm identifies a matrix C that satisfies X ≈ CX and some linear constraints. | More precisely [Specifically], given a data matrix X, the algorithm identifies a matrix C that satisfies X ≈ CX and some linear constraints [restrictions]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The constraints are chosen to ensure that the matrix C selects features; these features can then be used to find a low-rank NMF of X. | The constraints are chosen [selected] to ensure that the matrix C selects features; these features can then be used to find a low-rank NMF of X [identify a reduced-rank NMF]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We describe and show the results of video coding based on a three-dimensional (3-D) spatio-temporal subband decomposition. | We describe [provide an account of] and show [present] the results of video coding based on a three-dimensional (3-D) spatio-temporal subband decomposition. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: This rate is useful for video storage on CD-ROM. | This rate is useful [effective] for video storage on CD-ROM. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Coding results are also shown for a 384-kbps rate that are based on ADPCM for the lowest frequency band and a new form of vector quantization (geometric vector quantization (GVQ)) for the data in the higher frequency bands. | Coding results are also shown [additionally presented] for a 384-kbps rate that are based on ADPCM for the lowest frequency band and a new form of vector quantization (geometric vector quantization (GVQ)) for the data in the higher frequency bands. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: ModelicaML is a UML profile that enables modeling and simulation of systems and their dynamic behavior. | ModelicaML is a UML profile that enables modeling and simulation [facilitates modeling and simulation] of systems and their dynamic behavior. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: This addresses the increasing need for precise and integrated modeling of products containing both software and hardware. | This addresses the increasing need for precise and integrated [necessity for accurate and cohesive] modeling of products containing both software and hardware. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: This article discusses the usage of executable UML state machines for system modeling, i.e. | This article discusses the usage of executable UML state machines [examines the implementation of executable UML state machines] for system modeling, i.e. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: usage of the same formalism for describing the state-based dynamic behavior of physical system components and software. | usage of the same formalism [application of the equivalent formalism] for describing the state-based dynamic behavior of physical system components and software. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We consider the case of noise being linearly correlated with the signal and introduce a simple technique for improving compressed sensing reconstruction from such measurements. | We consider the case of noise being linearly correlated with the signal and introduce a simple technique [propose a straightforward approach] for improving compressed sensing reconstruction from such measurements. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The technique is based on a linear model of the correlation of additive noise with the signal. | The technique is based on a linear model [method relies on a linear framework] of the correlation of additive noise with the signal. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The modification of the reconstruction algorithm based on this model is very simple and has negligible additional computational cost compared to standard reconstruction algorithms, but is not known in existing literature. | The modification of the reconstruction algorithm based on this model is very simple [remarkably straightforward] and has negligible additional computational cost [incurs minimal supplementary computational expense] compared to standard reconstruction algorithms, but is not known in existing literature [unrecognized in ... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: This paper addresses the architecture optimization of a three-degree-of-freedom translational parallel mechanism designed for machining applications. | This paper addresses the architecture optimization [architectural enhancement] of a three-degree-of-freedom translational parallel mechanism designed for machining applications. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The design optimization is conducted on the basis of a prescribed Cartesian workspace with prescribed kinetostatic performances. | The design optimization is conducted on the basis of a prescribed Cartesian workspace [a defined Cartesian workspace] with prescribed kinetostatic performances [specified kinetostatic characteristics]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The resulting machine, the Orthoglide, features three fixed parallel linear joints which are mounted orthogonally, and a mobile platform which moves in the Cartesian x-y-z space with fixed orientation. | The resulting machine, the Orthoglide, features three fixed parallel linear joints [incorporates three stationary parallel linear joints] which are mounted orthogonally, and a mobile platform which moves in the Cartesian x-y-z space with fixed orientation [with a constant orientation]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The interesting features of the Orthoglide are a regular Cartesian workspace shape, uniform performances in all directions, and good compactness. | The interesting features [notable attributes] of the Orthoglide are a regular Cartesian workspace shape [consistent Cartesian workspace configuration], uniform performances in all directions [homogeneous performance across all vectors], and good compactness [and effective compactness]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: This research is motivated by a scheduling problem found in the diffusion and oxidation areas of semiconductor wafer fabrication, where the machines can be modeled as parallel batch processors. | This research is motivated by a scheduling problem found [arises] in the diffusion and oxidation areas of semiconductor wafer fabrication, where the machines can be modeled [represented] as parallel batch processors. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We attempt to minimize total weighted tardiness on parallel batch machines with incompatible job families and unequal ready times of the jobs. | We attempt to minimize total weighted tardiness [endeavor to reduce overall weighted lateness] on parallel batch machines with incompatible job families and unequal ready times of the jobs. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Given that the problem is NP-hard, we propose two different decomposition approaches. | Given that the problem is NP-hard, we propose two different decomposition approaches [methodologies]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The first approach forms fixed batches, then assigns these batches to the machines using a genetic algorithm (GA), and finally sequences the batches on individual machines. | The first approach forms fixed batches [establishes predetermined sets], then assigns these batches to the machines using a genetic algorithm (GA), and finally sequences [orders] the batches on individual machines. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: In this sketch we present a new method for rendering large-scale, high-resolution, non-repetitive textures in real-time using multi layer texturing. | In this sketch [In this preliminary study] we present [introduce] a new method for rendering large-scale, high-resolution, non-repetitive textures in real-time [real-time execution] using multi-layer texturing [layered texturing]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The basic idea of spectral texturing is to construct the nal texture by multiple texture layers where each layer provides a certain range of the spectrum of the texture’s spatial frequencies. | The basic idea of spectral texturing [underpinning concept] is to construct the final texture [compose the definitive texture] by multiple texture layers [through numerous layers] where each layer provides a certain range [delivers a specific segment] of the spectrum of the texture’s spatial frequencies. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Alpha channels are used to introduce statistical dependencies between the frequency bands. | Alpha channels are used [employed] to introduce statistical dependencies [establish probabilistic correlations] between the frequency bands. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: This approach extends a method called detail texturing, which does not use alpha channels to model higher statistical properties of the resulting texture. | This approach extends a method called detail texturing [expands upon the detail texturing method], which does not use alpha channels [utilize alpha channels] to model higher statistical properties [simulate enhanced statistical attributes] of the resulting texture. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: First, this paper evaluates the method with actual images. | First, this paper evaluates the method with actual images [conducts an assessment of the method using empirical imagery]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Next, the method is extended for adaptive masking matrix optimization. | Next, the method is extended for adaptive masking matrix optimization [the method is refined for the enhancement of adaptive masking matrix optimization]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: By adapting the matrix to each color image using black ink, it was shown that the average color differences of reproduced images could be reduced to below six when black ink is used as much as possible, i.e., in the case of achromatic printing. | By adapting the matrix to each color image using black ink, it was shown that the average color differences of reproduced images could be reduced to below six [it was demonstrated that the mean color discrepancies of replicated images could be minimized to under six] when black ink is used as much as possible [when the... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: This masking matrix adaption is a new concept which was impossible by conventional color scanner processing, but became possible by using virtual color samples. | This masking matrix adaption is a new concept [represents an innovative approach] which was impossible by conventional color scanner processing [which was unattainable with traditional color scanner techniques], but became possible by using virtual color samples. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: In this paper, we propose a downlink transmission strategy based on intercell interference pricing and a distributed algorithm that enables each base station (BS) to design locally its own beamforming vectors without relying on downlink channel state information of l... | In this paper, we propose [suggest, introduce] a downlink transmission strategy based on intercell interference pricing and a distributed algorithm that enables [facilitates] each base station (BS) to design locally its own beamforming vectors without relying on [independent of, without dependence on] downlink channel ... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: This algorithm is the solution to an optimization problem that minimizes a linear combination of data transmission power and the resulting weighted intercell interference with pricing factors at each BS and maintains the required signal-to-interference-plus-noise rat... | This algorithm is the solution to [addresses] an optimization problem that minimizes [reduces] a linear combination of data transmission power and the resulting weighted intercell interference with pricing factors at each BS and maintains [preserves, ensures] the required signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINR)... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We provide a convergence analysis for the proposed distributed algorithm and derive conditions for its existence. | We provide a convergence analysis [conduct a convergence assessment] for the proposed distributed algorithm and derive conditions for its existence [establish criteria for its presence]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We characterize the impact of the pricing factors in expanding the operational range of SINR targets at user terminals in a power-efficient manner. | We characterize the impact [assess the influence] of the pricing factors in expanding the operational range [broadening the functional scope] of SINR targets at user terminals in a power-efficient manner [in an energy-optimal fashion]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm converges to a network-wide equilibrium point by balancing and stabilizing the intercell interference levels and assigning power optimal beamforming vectors to the BSs. | Simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm converges [attains convergence] to a network-wide equilibrium point by balancing and stabilizing [equilibrating and steadying] the intercell interference levels and assigning power optimal [allocating energy-efficient] beamforming vectors to the BSs. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The results also show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in closely following the performance limits of its centralized coordinated beamforming counterpart. | The results also show the effectiveness [demonstrate the efficacy] of the proposed algorithm in closely following the performance limits [approaching the performance boundaries] of its centralized coordinated beamforming counterpart. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The image index estimation from the fake image can definitely be an alternative to keeping a directory of image indices. | The image index estimation from the fake image can definitely [certainly, unequivocally] be an alternative to keeping a directory of image indices. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: So it is not necessary to manage the database of image indices for the verification purpose. | So it is not necessary [imperative, required] to manage the database of image indices for verification purposes. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The authenticity measure is defined to quantify the attack severity by taking the connectivity among possible authentic blocks into consideration. | The authenticity measure is defined to quantify [assess, evaluate] the attack severity by taking the connectivity among possible authentic blocks into consideration. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: There are more blocks verified as authentic when this measure is high for a fake image constructed using this attack. | There are more blocks verified as authentic when this measure is high [elevated, significant] for a fake image constructed using this attack. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: As such, the blocks for a fake image can be chosen from a reduced number of database images. | As such, the blocks for a fake image can be chosen from a reduced [diminished, limited] number of database images. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The blocks from any such image are to be connected with each other to maximize the authenticity measure. | The blocks from any such image are to be connected with each other [interconnected] to maximize the authenticity measure [optimize the validity metric]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Thus, the attacker's task to generate a fake image of reasonable perceptual quality becomes increasingly difficult. | Thus, the attacker's task to generate a fake image of reasonable perceptual quality becomes increasingly difficult [progressively challenging]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: With the proposed method there is no loss or ambiguity in localization after the Holliman---Memon attack and content tampering in an image. | With the proposed method there is no loss or ambiguity in localization [no degradation or uncertainty in spatial determination] after the Holliman---Memon attack and content tampering in an image. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The localization accuracy in the proposed method is demonstrated by the simulation results and is equal to the chosen block size, similar to the Wong's scheme. | The localization accuracy in the proposed method is demonstrated [exhibited] by the simulation results and is equal to the chosen block size, similar to the Wong's scheme [analogous to Wong's model]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: The design of a user mobility based delay-tolerant network raises two key challenges: determining the connectivity of such a network, and determining the latency characteristics and replication requirements of routing algorithms in such a network. | The design of a user mobility based delay-tolerant network raises two key challenges [presents two principal challenges]: determining the connectivity of such a network [ascertaining the connectivity of such a network], and determining the latency characteristics and replication requirements [assessing the latency attr... |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: To determine realistic contact patterns, we collected user mobility data by conducting two user studies. | To determine realistic contact patterns [establish accurate contact patterns], we collected user mobility data by conducting two user studies [by executing two user studies]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: We outfitted groups of students with instrumented wireless-enabled PDAs that logged pairwise contacts between study participants over a period of several weeks. | We outfitted groups of students with instrumented wireless-enabled PDAs [equipped groups of students with sensor-equipped wireless-enabled PDAs] that logged pairwise contacts between study participants over a period of several weeks [over an extended duration]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: Experiments conducted on these traces show that it is possible to form a delay-tolerant network based on human mobility. | Experiments conducted on these traces show that it is possible to form a delay-tolerant network based on human mobility [demonstrate the feasibility of forming a delay-tolerant network predicated on human mobility]. |
Add replacement academic phrases in square brackets: However, DTI is a rather approximate technique, and its results have frequently been given implausible interpretations that have escaped proper critique and have appeared misleadingly in journals of high reputation. | However, DTI is a rather approximate technique [somewhat approximate method], and its results have frequently been given implausible interpretations [often been afforded implausible interpretations] that have escaped proper critique [avoided rigorous critique] and have appeared misleadingly in journals of high reputati... |
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