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But I would rather be horizontal.
I am not a tree with my root in the soil Sucking up minerals and motherly love So that each March I may gleam into leaf,
Nor am I the beauty of a garden bed Attracting my share of Ahs and spectacularly painted, Unknowing I must soon unpetal.
The speaker stands apart from the life cycle of a tree, which seems to have a pre-ordained purpose. She doesn’t blossom the way she feels she should or fulfill a / destiny like the tree does. Curiously, the concept of “motherly love” is characterized as being strong in a tree’s existence, when in fact nearly all tr...
Sylvia Plath
I Am Vertical
null
Queen Victoria
My father and all his tobacco loved you I love you too in all your forms The slim and lovely virgin floating among German beer
Although Cohen refers to some factual information about Queen Victoria (1819-1901) in this poem/song, the monarch herself is just the pretext for a string of surreal images. Victoria'a 63 years reign became known as the Victorian era. Great Britain underwent enormous change in every field of life, the British Empir...
Leonard Cohen
Queen Victoria
I died for Beauty — but was scarce Adjusted in the Tomb When One who died for Truth, was lain In an adjoining room He questioned softly "Why I failed"? "For Beauty", I replied "And I — for Truth — Themself are One We Brethren, are", He said
And so, as Kinsmen, met a Night We talked between the Rooms
Until the Moss had reached our lips And covered up — our names
Even after death, the two spend the nights having long conversations enjoying each other’s company. It is almost as though death has had no effect on them other than confining their bodies to the space of their coffins.
Emily Dickinson
I died for Beauty — but was scarce
null
In my secret life
In my secret life In my secret life In my secret life
Cohen often speaks about poetry as reporting on the interior landscape, or “the poem is the constitution of the inner country” a line which he reads in this poem: For Cohen, to venture into the interior landscape is to ask what is really going on? What happened between us? Here “My Secret Life” seems to be a synonym f...
Leonard Cohen
In My Secret Life
And while the blast blew strong and loud, The clear moon mark'd the ghastly crowd, Where the green billows play'd. And then above the haunted hut The curlews screaming hover'd; And the low door, with furious roar, The frothy breakers cover'd. For in the fisherman's lone shed A murder'd man was laid, With ten wide gashe...
A shipwreck'd mariner was he, Doom'd from his home to sever
Who swore to be through wind and sea Firm and undaunted ever! And when the wave resistless roll'd,
As noted previously Robinson’s poem is strikingly similar to Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” Robinson is this poem chose to completely cut off the mariner’s ties to his home and essentially kills him off in the poem.
Mary Robinson
The Haunted Beach
Besides the Autumn poets sing A few prosaic days A little this side of the snow And that side of the Haze - A few incisive mornings -
A few Ascetic eves -
Gone - Mr Bryant's "Golden Rod" - And Mr Thomson's "sheaves." Still, is the bustle in the brook -
An inconspicuous line which has the power to add a new layer of meaning to the poem. Up to this point the poem seems merely to be describing the onset of autumn (albeit in a very pointed, lyrical manner), but a “A few Ascetic eves -”, following the casual phrasing of its previous line, throws the subject into a new l...
Emily Dickinson
Besides the Autumn poets sing 131
A married state affords but little ease: The best of husbands are so hard to please This in wifes Carefull faces you may spell, Tho they desemble their misfortunes well A virgin state is crown'd with much content, It's allways happy as it's inocent No Blustering husbands to create your fears, No pangs of child birth to...
Therefore, madam, be advised by me:
Turn, turn apostate to love's Levity. Supress wild nature if she dare rebell, There's no such thing as leading Apes in hell
The poet changes the mood from complaints to a definite emphatic statement of strong advice, addressed frankly to other women.
Katherine Philips
A Married State
Let's sing another song, boys, this one has grown old and bitter Ah his fingernails, I see they're broken
His ships they're all on fire
The moneylender's lovely little daughter Ah, she's eaten, she's eaten with desire She spies him through the glasses
While this seems like a simple sentiment of hopelessness, and can also be interpreted along the vein of “Merchant Of Venice” , it may in fact reflect a powerful experience Cohen had in Greece. Cohen moved to the Island of Hydra in 1960 and bought a small house only 10 minutes from the Aegean sea. Hydra is home to...
Leonard Cohen
Sing Another Song Boys
She said at last I was her finest lover And if she withered I would be to blame The judges said you missed it by a fraction Rise up and brace your troops for the attack Ah the dreamers ride against the men of action Oh see the men of action falling back But I lingered on her thighs a fatal moment I kissed her lips as t...
So on battlefields from here to Barcelona
I'm listed with the enemies of love And long ago she said "I must be leaving Ah but keep my body here to lie upon
Cohen admired the Spanish writer Federico García Lorca (1898-1936) who often visited Barcelona, had his art exhibited there and one of his plays premiered. See “ Take This Waltz ”. “When I was fifteen years old I discovered a book of his poems that I always took with me, until the book began to lose its pages. He i...
Leonard Cohen
The Traitor
For her this rhyme is penned, whose luminous eyes, Brightly expressive as the twins of Leda, Shall find her own sweet name, that nestling lies Upon the page, enwrapped from every reader.
Search narrowly the lines!- they hold a treasure
Divine- a talisman- an amulet That must be worn at heart. Search well the measure- The words- the syllables! Do not forget
This is Poe’s hint to the reader that the name of his lover lies within the poem. Edgar Allan Poe strategically placed words within the poem to create a riddle. When solved the riddle reveals Poe’s secret lover
Edgar Allan Poe
A Valentine
To regard the frost and the boughs Of the pine-trees crusted with snow; And have been cold a long time To behold the junipers shagged with ice, The spruces rough in the distant glitter Of the January sun; and not to think Of any misery in the sound of the wind, In the sound of a few leaves, Which is the sound of the la...
And, nothing himself, beholds
Nothing that is not there and the nothing that is.
When the listener sees the world without making judgements about it, he is finally able to see everything.
Wallace Stevens
The Snow Man
all to yourself and how good the water felt when you got your bath from one of those big tubs that folk in chicago barbecue in and somehow when you talk about home it never gets across how much you understood their feelings as the whole family attended meetings about Hollydale and even though you remember your biograph...
And though you're poor it isn't poverty that concerns you and though they fought a lot it isn't your father's drinking that makes any difference
but only that everybody is together and you and your sister have happy birthdays and very good Christmases
Just because the narrator was poor, and their parents fought a lot. That didn’t seem to phase them. Also, the dad would often drink, but that also didn’t seem to phase them. Through the trials and tribulations, the author was able to find solace in knowing that her/his family was together. That notion appears to be m...
Nikki Giovanni
Nikki-Rosa
In the shade of the banks. Here, every spring, I would fill jampotfuls of the jellied Specks to range on window-sills at home, On shelves at school, and wait and watch until The fattening dots burst into nimble- Swimming tadpoles. Miss Walls would tell us how The daddy frog was called a bullfrog And how he croaked and ...
Then one hot day when fields were rank
With cowdung in the grass the angry frogs Invaded the flax-dam; I ducked through hedges To a coarse croaking that I had not heard
The voice changes to the older Heaney. There is a sharp contrast between his perspective as a child, fascinated and curious about the natural world, and his later attitude. The second stanza signifies passing time, now probably summer. The ‘hot day’ seems oppressive and the ‘rank’ fields' create an unpleasant, rest...
Seamus Heaney
Death of A Naturalist
He came to us from the creator, trailing creativity in abundance. Despite the anguish, his life was sheathed in mother love, family love, and he survived and did more than that. He thrived with passion and compassion, humor and style. We had him whether we know who he was or did not know, he was ours and we were his. W...
And we laughed and stomped our feet for him.
We were enchanted with his passion because he held nothing. He gave us all he had been given. Today in Tokyo, beneath the Eiffel Tower, in Ghana's Black Star Square. In Johannesburg and Pittsburgh, in Birmingham, Alabama, and Birmingham, England
MJ, perhaps more than any other celebrity or artist, was loved by his fans. They admired, cherished, and put him on a pedestal. They loved to dance to his music and just have fun and enjoy themselves. Sometimes even getting carried away with themselves in his presence
Maya Angelou
We Had Him
From the night before, and the whistling green Shrubbery are doomed. Ice Has got its spearhead into place. First a skin, delicately here Restraining a ripple from the air; Soon plate and river on pond and brook; Then tons of chain and massive lock To hold rivers. Then, sound by sight Will Mammoth and Sabre-tooth celebr...
And now it is about to start.
null
The final sentence is ambiguous. The reader might wonder what is “about to start”? The Ice-age in this poem certainly has already started. The changes that lead to successive past ages, ultimately to the modern world and modern society and civilisation, follow. The value placed on this is left an open question. What ...
Ted Hughes
October Dawn
I saw Jesus on the cross on a hill called Calvary "Do you hate mankind for what they done to you?" He said, "Talk of love not hate, things to do - it's getting late I've so little time and I'm only passin' through."
Passin' through, passin' through
Sometimes happy, sometimes blue Glad that I ran into you Tell the people that you saw me passin' through
A live rendition of the song in Tel Aviv, 1980, features an additional verse, probably written by Cohen himself. I had so very much to say To lady Billie Holiday I said, “Are these songs you sing, Are they really true?” She said, “They’re neither false, they’re neither true, I did not expect that question from someo...
Leonard Cohen
Passing Through
A little black thing in the snow Crying "weep! weep!" in notes of woe! "Where are thy father and mother? Say!" "They are both gone up to the church to pray "Because I was happy upon the heath
And smiled among the winter's snow
They clothed me in the clothes of death And taught me to sing the notes of woe "And because I am happy and dance and sing
He pretended to be happy and conceal his real misery. The motivation may have been his belief that no-one would care enough to improve his lot. The ‘winter snow’ is a metaphor for his terrible life.
William Blake
The Chimney Sweeper Songs of Experience
From a single cloud the lightening flashes, Whilst a thousand isles are illumined around, Earthquake is trampling one city to ashes, An hundred are shuddering and tottering; the sound Is bellowing underground. 3. But keener thy gaze than the lightening's glare, And swifter thy step than the earthquake's tramp; Thou dea...
From billow and mountain and exhalation
The sunlight is darted through vapour and blast; From spirit to spirit, from nation to nation, From city to hamlet thy dawning is cast,—
The world ‘billow’, the first in this triplet, could be a verb or a noun, and may refer to ‘billowing’ clouds, while ‘exhalation’ probably refers to wind. There are two conjunctions, so this is a syndetic list, The repetition of ‘and’ gives emphasis.
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Liberty
Forbear dark night, my joys now bud againe, Lately grown dead, while cold aspects did chill The root at heart, and my chief hope quite kill, And thunders struck me in my pleasures' waine Then I alas with bitter sobs, and pain, Privately groan'd, my Fortunes present ill; All light of comfort dimm'd, woes in prides fill,...
Late gone as wonders past, like the great Snow,
Melted and wasted, with what, change must know: Now back the life comes where as once it grew.
Those better times have long been gone, just as all wonders pass on, as the snow does…it melts away and is wasted; things change.
Lady Mary Wroth
Forbear dark night my joys now bud again
I am the absence of field. This is always the case. Wherever I am I am what is missing. When I walk I part the air and always the air moves in to fill the spaces where my body's been.
We all have reasons
for moving. I move to keep things whole.
In the previous lines, the spotlight was set only on the speaker (“I”) , but now the speaker brings us in the picture by addressing “we”. Relating his own thoughts to everyone around him brings the poem together in a way.
Mark Strand
Keeping Things Whole
Over the river, and through the wood, To grandfather's house we go;
The horse knows the way
To carry the sleigh Through the white and drifted snow. Over the river, and through the wood—
HE’S GOT IT. Quit backseat sleigh-driving
Lydia Maria Child
A Boys Thanksgiving Day Over the river and through the wood
A Floor too cool for Corn – But when a Boy and Barefoot I more than once at Noon Have passed I thought a Whip Lash Unbraiding in the Sun When stooping to secure it It wrinkled And was gone – Several of Nature's People I know and they know me I feel for them a transport Of Cordiality But never met this Fellow
Attended or alone
Without a tighter Breathing And Zero at the Bone.
“the impression left by the Snake was too deep, and all the Cordiality in the world can’t shut out “this Fellow” (and the death he can bring). The fear he causes is not mitigated by the presence of human companions; the speaker, whether “attended or alone” remains (in memory) terrified, the breath constricted, the cord...
Emily Dickinson
1096
I said, Listen, Before I'd pay I'd go to Hades And rot away! The sink is broke, The water don't run, And you ain't done a thing You promised to've done. Back window's cracked, Kitchen floor squeaks, There's rats in the cellar, And the attic leaks.
He said, Madam, I ain't pleased!
I said, Neither am I. So we agrees!
The rent collector claims to Mrs. Johnson that he’s no happier than she is about coming for her debt.
Langston Hughes
Madam and The Rent Man
Went to a committee; they offered me a chair; Asked me politely to return next year: But where shall we go to-day, my dear, but where shall we go to-day? Came to a public meeting; the speaker got up and said; "If we let them in, they will steal our daily bread": He was talking of you and me, my dear, he was talking of ...
Went down the harbour and stood upon the quay,
Saw the fish swimming as if they were free: Only ten feet away, my dear, only ten feet away. Walked through a wood, saw the birds in the trees;
There is a sense of yearning in this line. The harbour and quay represent a route to escape to freedom. This is denied the refugees.
W. H. Auden
Refugee Blues
If I am the grass and you the breeze, blow through me. If I am the rose and you the bird, then woo me. If you are the rhyme and I the refrain, don't hang on my lips, come and I'll come too when you cue me. If yours is the iron fist in the velvet glove when the arrow flies, the heart is pierced, tattoo me. If mine is th...
Oh would that I were bark! So old and still in leaf.
And you, dropping in my shade, dew to bedew me! What shape should I take to marry your own, have you - hawk to my shadow, moth my flame - pursue me?
The next line explains it. She is looking forward to the future; one day their relationship, if ever it is established, will be in it’s elderly stage. The writer is speaking of growing old with her lover. Elderly people move slowly and are often still and rooted. The leaf on an old tree could be a tough one that resist...
Mimi Khalvati
Ghazal
We wear the mask that grins and lies, It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes,— This debt we pay to human guile; With torn and bleeding hearts we smile, And mouth with myriad subtleties.
Why should the world be over-wise
In counting all our tears and sighs? Nay, let them only see us, while We wear the mask.
The world being “over-wise” is a metaphor for society having too much say in the well-being or choices of the narrator. This is a quote of liberation that still acknowledges that the narrator is influenced by the standards of the “overly-wise world.”
Paul Laurence Dunbar
We Wear the Mask
Earth hath not anything to show more fair: Dull would he be of soul who could pass by A sight so touching in its majesty: This City now doth, like a garment, wear The beauty of the morning; silent, bare,
Ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples lie
Open unto the fields, and to the sky; All bright and glittering in the smokeless air. Never did sun more beautifully steep
The poet is exploring the diverse power of London in this line. All things mentioned are man made. The ships and towers may represent the militaristic power of the British empire, with London as it’s hub. The ships also show the trading power, which is closely linked to the economy of imperialism. The domes and temples...
William Wordsworth
Composed upon Westminster Bridge September 3 1802
the impossibility of being human Burroughs killing his wife with a gun Mailer stabbing his the impossibility of being human Maupassant going mad in a rowboat Dostoyevsky lined up against a wall to be shot Crane off the back of a boat into the propeller the impossibility Sylvia with her head in the oven like a baked pot...
Artaud sitting on a madhouse bench
Chatterton drinking rat poison Shakespeare a plagiarist Beethoven with a horn stuck into his head against deafness
French playwright Antonin Artaud spent the end of his life receiving electroshock treatments in various insane asylums.
Charles Bukowski
Beasts Bounding Through Time
One Sister have I in our house - And one a hedge away There's only one recorded But both belong to me One came the way that I came - And wore my past year's gown -
The other as a bird her nest Builded our hearts among
She did not sing as we did - It was a different tune - Herself to her a Music
Dickinson refers to her friendship with Susan. The bird is a symbol for freedom. Her friendship with Susan is free from obligation, as opposed to the former.
Emily Dickinson
One Sister have I in our house 14
I would to heaven that I were so much clay, As I am blood, bone, marrow, passion, feeling - Because at least the past were passed away - And for the future - (but I write this reeling, Having got drunk exceedingly today, So that I seem to stand upon the ceiling)
I say - the future is a serious matter - And so - for God's sake - hock and soda water!
null
Hock is a sort of German white wine that was often mixed with soda water. Byron, good sybarite that he is, elsewhere claims that becoming intoxicated (on wine, women, glory, wealth) is one of the finest things in life, perhaps a good way to forget, through a heightened state of immediacy, the existential burdens of ...
Lord Byron
Headpiece to Don Juan I would to Heaven
null
And Robert Capa, how was he to know?
As the ramps were lowered and the air turned lead and the marines before him dropped into the water, that those photographs he took -
Sheers begins as if in the middle of a sentence while telling a story. This technique is known as in media res , Latin for ‘in the middle of things’. The effect is a hook that draws the reader into the narrative. The question ‘how was he to know?’ is rhetorical , creating a feeling of rapport between the speaker an...
Owen Sheers
Happy Accidents
(—My psychiatrist can lick your psychiatrist.) Women get under Things All these old criminals sooner or later Have had it. I've been reading old journals Gottwald & Co., out of business now Thick chests quit. Double agent, Joe She holds her breath like a seal And is whiter & smoother Rilke was a jerk I admit his griefs...
Where the vile settle & lurk
Rilke's. As I said,—
Damned settlers and lurkers, stepped over by Dante and Vergil.
John Berryman
Dream Song 3 A Stimulant for an Old Beast
8-12-86 Hello John: Thanks for the good letter. I don't think it hurts, sometimes, to remember where you came from. You know the places where I came from. Even the people who try to write about that or make films about it, they don't get it right. They call it "9 to 5." It's never 9 to 5, there's no free lunch break at...
Now in industry, there are vast layoffs (steel mills dead, technical changes in other factors of the work place). They are layed off by the hundreds of thousands and their faces are stunned:
"I put in 35 years..." "It ain't right..." "I don't know what to do..."
Though Bukowski was in his mid sixties when this letter was written, and had lived through many economic downturns and upturns, his dissatisfaction with the concept of a regular job may have been influenced by recent economic crisis. Unemployment lingered at an abnormally high rate throughout the early eighties, some...
Charles Bukowski
Letter to John Martin 1986
Your friend is your needs answered. He is your field which you sow with love and reap with thanksgiving. And he is your board and your fireside. For you come to him with your hunger, and you seek him for peace. When your friend speaks his mind you fear not the "nay" in your own mind, nor do you withhold the "ay."
And when he is silent your heart ceases not to listen to his heart; For without words, in friendship, all thoughts, all desires, all expectations are born and shared, with joy that is unacclaimed.
When you part from your friend, you grieve not; For that which you love most in him may be clearer in his absence, as the mountain to the climber is clearer from the plain. And let there be no purpose in friendship save the deepening of the spirit.
The closest of friends often do not even need to speak to convey their thoughts (similar to “twin telepathy”)
Kahlil Gibran
On Friendship
In my daydream College for Bards, the curriculum would be as follows: 1) In addition to English, at least one ancient language, probably Greek or Hebrew, and two modern languages would be required.
2) Thousands of lines of poetry in these languages would be learned by heart.
3) The library would contain no books of literary criticism, and the only critical exercise required of students would be the writing of parodies. 4) Courses in prosody, rhetoric and comparative philology would be required of all students, and every student would have to select three courses out of courses in mathemati...
#Why Memorize Things? There are countless benefits to memorizing great poems and passages. Here are a few for consideration: Improved writing. As you memorize great poetry and other worthy pieces of literature, you’ll be begin to internalize the rhythm and structure employed by some of the world’s greatest writers...
W. H. Auden
College for Bards
Life for me ain't been no crystal stair. It's had tacks in it, And splinters, And boards torn up, And places with no carpet on the floor— Bare. But all the time I'se been a-climbin' on, And reachin' landin's, And turnin' corners, And sometimes goin' in the dark Where there ain't been no light.
So, boy, don't you turn back. Don't you set down on the steps. Cause you finds it's kinder hard. Don't you fall now—
For I'se still goin', honey, I'se still climbin', And life for me ain't been no crystal stair.
The mother shifts from describing life through indicative verbs in her extended metaphor to giving her son advice with imperatives. The mother reveals her purpose with these lines: to convince her son to persevere in life despite its difficulty. The beginning of the poem is discouraging, and afterwards the mother t...
Langston Hughes
Mother to Son
washed-up, on shore, the old yellow notebook out again
I write from the bed as I did last year.
will see the doctor, Monday. "yes, doctor, weak legs, vertigo, head-
Goodreads : Sometimes you climb out of bed in the morning and you think, I’m not going to make it, but you laugh inside — remembering all the times you’ve felt that way.
Charles Bukowski
Are You Drinking?
null
She came home running
back to the mothering blackness deep in the smothering blackness white tears icicle gold plains of her face
The girl no longer thinks her home is actually her home and that the darkness and loneliness is now her home and her escape from reality.
Maya Angelou
The Mothering Blackness
Explosions will continually shake the earth Radiated robot men will stalk each other The rich and the chosen will watch from space platforms Dante's Inferno will be made to look like a children's playground The sun will not be seen and it will always be night Trees will die All vegetation will die Radiated men will eat...
The last few survivors will be overtaken by new and hideous diseases
And the space platforms will be destroyed by attrition The petering out of supplies The natural effect of general decay
The last of humanity who survived through all of the violence will eventually be wiped out by new and deadly diseases.
Charles Bukowski
Dinosauria We
As,—why must one, for the love foregone Scout mere liking? Thunder-striking Earth,—the heaven, we looked above for, gone! Why, with beauty, needs there money be, Love with liking? Crush the fly-king In his gauze, because no honey-bee? May not liking be so simple-sweet, If love grew there 'Twould undo there All that bre...
Is the creature too imperfect, say?
Would you mend it And so end it? Since not all addition perfects aye!
That is, is the “pretty woman” so imperfect that she must be improved by love? Browning’s narrator answers in the negative.
Robert Browning
A Pretty Woman
Her mind is as secret from her As the water on which she swims, As secret as profound as ominous. Weeping bitterly for her ominous mind, her plight, Up the river of white moonlight she swims Until a treacherous undercurrent Seizing her in an icy amorous embrace Dives with her, swiftly severing The waters which close ab...
('Come on, come back')
Waiting, whiling away the hour Whittling a shepherd's pipe from the hollow reeds. In the chill light of dawn
This line is the title of the poem and the title of a war song, referring to the longing of soldiers' families for them to return. But in this context it encapsulates the poem’s ambiguity, and is itself multi-layered. ‘Come on’ implies that the sentinel is urging her to continue to swim until she is drowned; ‘come back...
Stevie Smith
Come On Come Back
And that was my long scythe whispering to the ground. What was it it whispered? I knew not well myself; Perhaps it was something about the heat of the sun, Something, perhaps, about the lack of sound— And that was why it whispered and did not speak. It was no dream of the gift of idle hours, Or easy gold at the hand of...
My long scythe whispered and left the hay to make.
null
The idea of leaving the hay to ‘make’ suggests that, after labor, the making of hay — or poetry — is out of the laborer’s hands. It must ‘make itself’. So, the mowing and scything and the resulting hay connotes passing of time. And, of course, death. So time itself is anthropomorphized . The final line evokes Sha...
Robert Frost
Mowing
Sundays too my father got up early And put his clothes on in the blueblack cold,
Then with cracked hands that ached From labor in the weekday weather made
Banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him. I'd wake and hear the cold splintering, breaking. When the rooms were warm, he'd call,
From this, the reader can infer that the father has a job where he has to do manual labor, since his hands ache. The hard consonantly rhyming ‘cracked’ and ‘ached’ emphasize the intensity of the work that the father is doing. “Blueblack” and “cracked” are rhymed for emphasis to evoke cold discomfort, but also toughne...
Robert Hayden
Those Winter Sundays
null
[SPAIN.]
I. It is a lie---their Priests, their Pope, Their Saints, their ... all they fear or hope
The story is set at an unspecified time. Spain is chosen because of its strict conservatism, and the power of the Church. Those who broke chastity rules suffered severe punishment.
Robert Browning
The Confessional
Was there some thud of foot in the mist and the silence That stiffens whisker and ear in sound's fierce absence, Some smell means man? I see the dewdrop trembling upon the rushes, All else is the mist's now, river and rocks and ridges. Poor lump of movable clay, snuffling and blinking, Too thick in the head to know wha...
To earth again.
null
The poem’s final note refers back to the Australian vision of survival and the power of the natural world
Douglas Stewart
Wombat
They're waiting to be murdered, Or evicted. Soon They expect to have nothing to eat. As far as I know, they never go out.
A vicious pain's coming, they think.
It will start in the head And spread down to the bowels. They'll be carried off on stretchers, howling.
Simic uses “vicious pain” as a euphemism for death. It feels like an understatement, but still manages to express the physical, human nature of death.
Charles Simic
Old Couple
null
When I go up through the mowing field, The headless aftermath,
Smooth-laid like thatch with the heavy dew, Half closes the garden path. And when I come to the garden ground,
The “Mowing Field” could possibly be a metaphor for the World. The Earth. The headless aftermath can mean that he Robert never thought that the way the World worked would ever be realistic. The horrible things in Life was not imaginable for Robert.
Robert Frost
A Late Walk
Frankie Laine, he was singing Jezebel
I pinned an Iron Cross to my lapel
I walked up to the tallest and the blondest girl I said, "Look, you don't know me now but very soon you will So won't you let me see"
The Iron Cross was a military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later in Germany from 1817 till 1945. The Nazis added a swastika in the center of the cross.
Leonard Cohen
Memories
You're the one for me, fatty You're the one I really, really love And I will stay Promise you'll say If I'm in your way You're the one for me, fatty You're the one I really, really love And I will stay Promise you'll say If I'm ever in your way A-hey
All over Battersea
Some hope and some despair All over Battersea Some hope and some despair
In his autobiography, Morrissey states that there is no specific meaning behind the use of ‘Battersea’ other than the fact it rhymes with ‘fatty’.
Morrissey
Youre the One for Me Fatty
The birds they sang At the break of day Start again I heard them say Don't dwell on what Has passed away Or what is yet to be Yeah the wars they will Be fought again
The holy dove
She will be caught again Bought and sold And bought again
Leonard Cohen refers to a “the holy dove” in Hallelujah : “I remember when I moved in you / and the holy dove was moving too”. In the context of the first verse, this may refer to the dove in the story of Noah’s arc whose return served as the announcement for the end of the flood and time to “start again”. It co...
Leonard Cohen
Anthem
null
Detroit Conference of Unity and Art
(For HRB) We went there to confer On the possibility of
Attendees of this convention aimed to make it legal for blacks to hold important government offices. Nikki attended this convention in May of 1967.
Nikki Giovanni
Detroit Conference of Unity and Art For HRB
Life contracts and death is expected, As in a season of autumn. The soldier falls. He does not become a three-days' personage, Imposing his separation, Calling for pomp. Death is absolute and without memorial, As in a season of autumn, When the wind stops. When the wind stops and, over the heavens,
The clouds go, nevertheless, In their direction.
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Death is an ordinary thing of which nature takes no particular notice. Compare the end of Philip Larkin’s “Cut Grass.” Wind propels clouds through the sky. The speaker opens with “When the wind stops” to “The clouds go, nevertheless,” perhaps hinting toward the inviolable continuity or flow of life‚ as even without w...
Wallace Stevens
The Death of a Soldier
You did not come,
And marching Time drew on, and wore me numb,—
Yet less for loss of your dear presence there Than that I thus found lacking in your make That high compassion which can overbear
Time is an important theme, here capitalised for emphasis. That it is “marching” indicates aggression; the speaker is passive, out of control, unable to compete with a natural force like time. That he is worn “numb” suggests he is ground down and perhaps has experienced such disappointment before.
Thomas Hardy
A Broken Appointment
Ask nothing more of me, sweet; All I can give you I give.
Heart of my heart, were it more, More would be laid at your feet—
Love that should help you to live, Song that should spur you to soar. All things were nothing to give,
These lines are quoted by Buck Mulligan in the first episode of James Joyce’s Ulysses , “Telemachus”.
Algernon Charles Swinburne
The Oblation
Overnight, very Whitely, discreetly, Very quietly Our toes, our noses Take hold on the loam, Acquire the air. Nobody sees us, Stops us, betrays us;
The small grains make room.
Soft fists insist on Heaving the needles, The leafy bedding,
The soil makes way: Plath subtly characterizes the soil as being a passive enabler of the mushrooms' growth: its grains simply “make room” rather than, for example, “get pushed out of the way”. The four monosyllabic words, and the full stop which completes the line, suggest inevitability. The emphatic monosyllables...
Sylvia Plath
Mushrooms
The crowd hems the young musician in, faces glazed with wonder: from where could this strange music have come? Surely not this hemisphere. A drone as deep as yet unexcavated ruins, far older even than the Forum: Armani, Ray-Ban, Dolce & Gabbana, all sink at once into equivalence. He doesn't do the kangaroo, the mosquit...
I want to bolt up the stairs of the fountain
and claim that sound as the sound of my home— but stop when I recall how rarely I slow to hear the truer player busking in King George Square.
Colloquial language: “bolt” implies a rapid movement. The persona hears a familiar noise and wants to run to its source.
Jaya Savige
Circular Breathing
That he was popular with his mates and liked a drink. The Press are convinced that he bought a paper every day, And that his reactions to advertisements were normal in every way. Policies taken out in his name prove that he was fully insured, And his Health-card shows that he was once in hospital but left it cured. Bot...
He was married and added five children to the population, which our Eugenist says was the right number for a parent of his generation,
And our teachers report he never interfered with their education. Was he free? Was he happy? The question is absurd: Had anything been wrong, we should certainly have heard.
Notice the use of added ; the use of the word makes it seem like they’re only statistics and not actual people, keeping up with the impersonal tone towards the unknown citizen . Also from the perspective of the state it’s good that he had so many children because a growing population helps a nation’s economy.
W. H. Auden
The Unknown Citizen
And see the shepherds feed their flocks, By shallow rivers to whose falls Melodious birds sing madrigals. There I will make thee beds of roses And a thousand fragrant posies, A cap of flowers, and a kirtle Embroider'd all with leaves of myrtle; A gown made of the finest wool Which from our pretty lambs we pull; Fair li...
With coral clasps and amber studs;
And if these pleasures may thee move, Come live with me, and be my love. Thy silver dishes for thy meat
More stock imagery, in perfect iambic meter: With cor al clasps and amb er studs ;
Christopher Marlowe
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
Just like his old man. My grandfather could cut more turf in a day Than any other man on Toner's bog. Once I carried him milk in a bottle Corked sloppily with paper. He straightened up To drink it, then fell to right away Nicking and slicing neatly, heaving sods Over his shoulder, digging down and down For the good tur...
But I've no spade to follow men like them.
Between my finger and my thumb The squat pen rests. I'll dig with it.
Suggests the speaker’s anxiety about living up to the example of his elders. Time has moved on; as a well-educated writer, he may have ascended to a higher social standing; he can’t follow family tradition to the letter, so he must find a way to honour it as best he can.
Seamus Heaney
Digging
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Did you hear 'bout Ticklish Tom?
He got tickled by his mom. Wiggled and giggled and fell on the floor, Laughed and rolled right out the door.
Did I hear of Ticklish Tom? Ohhhhh you mean the kid who was chased out of his town by a bunch of creepy, tickle-happy adults and then got hit by an oncoming train and died? Yeah. I did hear about that poor kid.
Shel Silverstein
Ticklish Tom
Not for that city of the level sun Its golden streets and glittering gates ablaze— The shadeless, sleepless city of white days White nights, or nights and days that are as one—
We weary, when all is said , all thought, all done
We strain our eyes beyond this dusk to see What, from the threshold of eternity We shall step into. No, I think we shun
We are all sad and tired when our lives are complete, yet ready to move on to the next world…
Charlotte Mew
Not for that City
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There came a Wind like a Bugle -
It quivered through the Grass And a Green Chill upon the Heat So ominous did pass
A “Bugle” is a brass instrument similar to a trumpet and is used for military signals. This line suggests that the wind from the storm came like a warning signal or an alarm.
Emily Dickinson
There came a Wind like a Bugle
Your open mouth in anger makes nations bow in fear. Your bombs can change the seasons, obliterate the spring. What more do you long for? Why are you suffering? You control the human lives in Rome and Timbuktu. Lonely nomads wandering owe Telstar to you. Seas shift at your bidding, your mushrooms fill the sky.
Why are you unhappy?
Why do your children cry? They kneel alone in terror with dread in every glance.
Why are the people unhappy with what is being done? Why might they feel unsatisfied with themselves even though they did what they had to do?
Maya Angelou
These Yet to be United States
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I've known rivers: I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the
Flow of human blood in human veins. My soul has grown deep like the rivers. I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young.
Hughes is connecting the life of the American Negro to that of the continent of Africa. He makes it clear from the beginning that this poem is about pointing out the history of black people in America – Negro – and how this history flows across the seas back to the ancient rivers which witnessed the birth of humanity. ...
Langston Hughes
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Abortions will not let you forget. You remember the children you got that you did not get, The damp small pulps with a little or with no hair, The singers and workers that never handled the air. You will never neglect or beat Them, or silence or buy with a sweet. You will never wind up the sucking-thumb Or scuttle off ...
Return for a snack of them, with gobbling mother-eye.
I have heard in the voices of the wind the voices of my dim killed children. I have contracted. I have eased My dim dears at the breasts they could never suck.
This line starts with a grotesque image of the speaker talking about making “a snack of them (the unborn children).” As if children provide crucial nourishment to the mothers that they cannot survive without. Also, the use of “mother-eye” sounds a lot like mother-I when spoken out loud and this line could be discussing...
Gwendolyn Brooks
The Mother
There's a certain Slant of light Winter Afternoons – That oppresses, like the Heft Of Cathedral Tunes – Heavenly Hurt, it gives us – We can find no scar But internal difference Where the Meanings, are – None may teach it – Any – 'Tis the Seal Despair – An imperial affliction Sent us of the Air –
When it comes, the Landscape listens –
Shadows – hold their breath – When it goes, 'tis like the Distance On the look of Death –
The speaker states “When” and not “if”, implying inevitability. It also implies universality; the broken seal and affliction is send through the “Air” and the “Landscape” also responds. It suggests a sort of negative Pantheism , affliction that permeates the natural world, just as God lives in nature in a positive sen...
Emily Dickinson
Theres a certain Slant of light
Seems like a long time Since the waiter took my order. Grimy little luncheonette, The snow falling outside.
Seems like it has grown darker Since I last heard the kitchen door Behind my back Since I last noticed Anyone pass on the street.
A glass of ice-water Keeps me company At this table I chose myself
It’s getting later and later, it’s probably already evening, though the word ‘luncheonette’ suggests the order was taken at lunch time. This is taking a real, real long time.
Charles Simic
The Partial Explanation
Then Almitra spoke again and said, And what of Marriage, master? And he answered saying: You were born together, and together you shall be forevermore.
You shall be together when the white wings of death scatter your days.
Aye, you shall be together even in the silent memory of God. But let there be spaces in your togetherness, And let the winds of the heavens dance between you.
“‘til death do us part.” in modern marriage vows.
Kahlil Gibran
On Marriage
There is a deep brooding In Arkansas.
Old crimes like moss pend From poplar trees.
The sullen earth Is too much too Red for comfort.
Mosses are small flowerless plants that usually grow in dense green clumps or mats, in damp or shady locations. The author uses nature as a symbol. For instance, she uses the moss to describe the “old crimes” of Arkansas, almost graffitiing the poplar trees.
Maya Angelou
My Arkansas
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I, being born a woman and distressed
By all the needs and notions of my kind, Am urged by your propinquity to find Your person fair, and feel a certain zest
The poem opens with a statement about Millay’s innate biology, in the vein of the hysterical woman archetype. There is a strong element of social satire here – Millay is writing within the tradition of early twentieth century feminist authors like Edith Wharton whose writing was concerned with the lack of choices ava...
Edna St. Vincent Millay
I being born a woman and distressed Sonnet XLI
Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. He gives his harness bells a shake To a...
The only other sound's the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep,
The narrator, on the other hand, hears the horse but doesn’t end his contemplation just yet. The speaker returns to the practical description of the noise of the wind and snow. The lyrical-sounding easy wind, the “downy flake” (downy means feathery), is evocative of relaxation and rest. The sublime woods sing a siren ...
Robert Frost
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Some tragic falling off from a first world Of undivided light. Or the other notion that Because there is in this world no one thing To which the bramble of blackberry corresponds A word is elegy to what it signifies. We talked about it late last night and in the voice Of my friend, there was a thin wire of grief, a ton...
I felt a violent wonder at her presence
Like a thirst for salt, for my childhood river With its island willows, silly music from the pleasure boat, Muddy places where we caught the little orange-silver fish
To feel wonder is often associated with a child’s perception of phenomena that are explainable yet impressive. Violent wonder implies a lustiness, an adult’s sense of wonder as the result of sexual desire and the libido.
Robert Hass
Meditation At Lagunitas
In the hollows of afternoons Young mothers assemble At swing and sandpit Setting free their children. Behind them, at intervals, Stand husbands in skilled trades, An estateful of washing, And the albums, lettered Our Wedding, lying Near the television: Before them, the wind Is ruining their courting-places
That are still courting-places
(But the lovers are all in school), And their children, so intent on Finding more unripe acorns,
Larkin now focuses again on the children and how the mothers are unable to live their own lives and they are merely looking in. Their dreams, aspirations and needs have been put to one side. This is a metaphor that suggests the vestiges of romance still exist. The repetition implies that the next generation is doom...
Philip Larkin
Afternoons
He sang of life, serenely sweet, With, now and then, a deeper note. From some high peak, nigh yet remote, He voiced the world's absorbing beat. He sang of love when earth was young, And Love, itself, was in his lays.
But, ah, the world, it turned to praise A jingle in a broken tongue.
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People offered praise, but the praise was for music or poems that were perhaps imperfect. The line is often viewed as a larger point from Dunbar that audiences preferred his dialect poems (i.e. in so-called broken English) as opposed to his formal verse.
Paul Laurence Dunbar
The Poet
For there in the middle of the waiting-hall Should be standing the one that I love best of all. If he's not there to meet me when I get to town I'll stand on the side-walk with tears rolling down. For he is the one that I love to look on, The acme of kindness and perfection. He presses my hand and he says he loves me, ...
If I were the Head of the Church or the State, I'd powder my nose and just tell them to wait.
For love's more important and powerful than Even a priest or a politician.
Auden appreciated, and utilzed, the range of possibilities offered by rhyme. In this poem of rhyming couplets, the rhymes are used for various different effects. In this case, “just tell them to wait” stands in humorous contrast with “Head of the Church or the State”: the latter phrase is long and fussily formal, whi...
W. H. Auden
Calypso
Stryve not as doth the crokke with the wal. Daunte thiself, that dauntest otheres dede; And trouthe shal delyvere, it is no drede. That the is sent, receyve in buxumnesse; The wrestlyng for the worlde axeth a fal. Here is non home, here nys but wyldernesse. Forth, pylgryme, forth! forth, beste, out of thi stal! Know th...
Unto the world; leve now to be thral.
Crie hym mercy, that of hys hie godnesse Made the of nought, and in espec{i}al Draw unto hym, and pray in general
Cease now to be slaved
Geoffrey Chaucer
Truth
Old passports can't do that, my dear, old passports can't do that. The consul banged the table and said, "If you've got no passport you're officially dead": But we are still alive, my dear, but we are still alive. Went to a committee; they offered me a chair; Asked me politely to return next year: But where shall we go...
O we were in his mind, my dear, O we were in his mind.
Saw a poodle in a jacket fastened with a pin, Saw a door opened and a cat let in: But they weren't German Jews, my dear, but they weren't German Jews.
The exclamatory ‘O’ either expresses terror and panic, or is a wry, ironic remark.
W. H. Auden
Refugee Blues
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Lincoln?
He was a mystery in smoke and flags Saying yes to the smoke, yes to the flags, Yes to the paradoxes of democracy,
“Lincoln” refers to Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United States. Abraham Lincoln, or referred to as Lincoln, was notorious for fighting for and eventually abolishing slavery, preserving the union, and being assassinated. Lincoln serves as a theme throughout the poem as Sandburg explores his life and ...
Carl Sandburg
The People Yes
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To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee.
One clover, and a bee, And revery. The revery alone will do,
Recipe for Prairie (makes 1 prairie): Ingredients: 1 clover 1 bee Method: Combine and serve.
Emily Dickinson
To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee
My skin is kind of sort of brownish Pinkish yellowish white. My eyes are grayish blueish green,
But I'm told they look orange in the night.
My hair is reddish blondish brown, But it's silver when it's wet. And all the colors I am inside
After mentioning various colors that human eyes can be, the speaker goes on to say that his eyes appear “orange in the night.” Orange eyes are not characteristic of people, but are often found on animals. Perhaps Silverstein added in the color orange to point out that, just as all people share fundamental qualities wit...
Shel Silverstein
Colors
If you are the rhyme and I the refrain, don't hang on my lips, come and I'll come too when you cue me. If yours is the iron fist in the velvet glove when the arrow flies, the heart is pierced, tattoo me. If mine is the venomous tongue, the serpent's tail, charmer, use your charm, weave a spell and subdue me. I am the l...
If I rise in the east as you die in the west,
die for my sake, my love, every night renew me. If, when it ends, we are just good friends, be my Friend, muse, lover and guide, Shamsuddin to my Rumi.
This line reflects her love for him and also that they will never be together as the Sun and the Moon will never met. Though this line can suggest an incompatibility it can also suggest an ongoing relationship and the need of both parties to exist, complementing each other. Each lover possesses their own quality an...
Mimi Khalvati
Ghazal
There was never a sound beside the wood but one, And that was my long scythe whispering to the ground.
What was it it whispered? I knew not well myself;
Perhaps it was something about the heat of the sun, Something, perhaps, about the lack of sound— And that was why it whispered and did not speak.
The poet asks a rhetorical question. The conversational tone is typical of Frost, The reader is drawn in to his speculation.
Robert Frost
Mowing
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And who by fire, who by water
Who in the sunshine, who in the night time Who by high ordeal, who by common trial Who in your merry merry month of May
“Who by fire” is a direct quote from the Unetanneh Tokef prayer on which the song is based: … who will die at his predestined time and who before his time; who by water and who by fire , who by sword and who by beast, who by famine and who by thirst, who by upheaval and who by plague, who by strangling and who by st...
Leonard Cohen
Who by Fire
Piping down the valleys wild Piping songs of pleasant glee On a cloud I saw a child. And he laughing said to me.
Pipe a song about a Lamb;
So I piped with merry chear, Piper pipe that song again— So I piped, he wept to hear.
William Blake uses lamb as a symbol of purity. The title Songs of Innocence is exemplified by the use of Lamb, particularly a representation of Jesus Christ. Lambs are considered docile, innocent and appear frequently in the bible. Blake develops this in his song, The Lamb .
William Blake
Introduction to the Songs of Innocence
Hurt once and for all into silence A long pain ending without a song to prove it Who could stand beside you so close to Eden When you glinted in every eye the held-high razor Shivering every ram and son? Now, silent looney-bin Where the shadows live in the rafters like day-weary bats Until the turning mind, a radar sig...
Lures them to exaggerate mountain-size on the white stone wall
Your tiny limp How can I leave you in such a house? Are there no more saints and wizards
Probably a reference to Plato’s allegory of the cave about the happy state of unknowing (til you see the light of knowledge). The way Cohen uses the imagery here also reminds the reader of hallucinations and paranoia, induced by mental illness (A.M. Klein was suffering from mental illness).
Leonard Cohen
To a Teacher
Now in Vienna there's ten pretty women There's a shoulder where Death comes to cry There's a lobby with nine hundred windows There's a tree where the doves go to die There's a piece that was torn from the morning And it hangs in the Gallery of Frost Ay, Ay, Ay, Ay Take this waltz, take this waltz Take this waltz with t...
On a chair with a dead magazine
In the cave at the tip of the lily In some hallway where love's never been On a bed where the moon has been sweating
Imagine a magazine splayed open, half of its pages draped over the edge of the seat. Juxtaposition of Eros and Nous or the intellectual. The desire to make love where reading had once occurred.
Leonard Cohen
Take This Waltz
I too beneath your moon, almighty Sex, Go forth at nightfall crying like a cat,
Leaving the lofty tower I laboured at
For birds to foul and boys and girls to vex With tittering chalk; and you, and the long necks Of neighbours sitting where their mothers sat
Reading with clues from the rest of the poem ( “reared To Beauty” , “it is my own” ), it’s reasonable to say that this tower refers to Millay’s poetry and building the tower as pursuit of a “high art” form (high-lofty-coincidence?). During the day, the poet labors at writing poetry, which is a far cry from the dirty...
Edna St. Vincent Millay
I Too Beneath Your Moon Almighty Sex
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You are not the Mona Lisa
with that relentless look. Or Venus borne over the froth of waves on a pink half shell.
In the first line, “You are not the Mona Lisa”, Billy Collins is saying that nobody is perfect. Mona Lisa can either be seen smiling or frowning, which is why Collin then goes on to say ‘relentless look.’ Collins chose to reference the painting because it is a very well know piece of art work.
Billy Collins
Sweet Talk
What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore— And then run?
Does it stink like rotten meat?
Or crust and sugar over— like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags
Formerly alive, the dream now rots. What was vital has become putrid. The “stink” may imply resentment or a corruption of the character as a result of lifelong frustration.
Langston Hughes
Harlem What happens to a dream deferred?
Is that the wrong description? Outside that door, taking shelter in the shadows, is a freedom-fighter. I haven't got this right. Outside, waiting in the shadows is a hostile militant. Are words no more than waving, wavering flags? Outside your door, watchful in the shadows, is a guerrilla warrior.
God help me.
Outside, defying every shadow, stands a martyr. I saw his face.
The poet is clearly troubled and appeals to God for help. She, like the reader, is unable to make sense of the situation. This is a watershed in the poem and the mood changes here. The exclamatory ‘God help me’ is a like pivot, followed by a caesura . Beyond this, the mood changes.
Imtiaz Dharker
The Right Word
as he walks on the gravel. In the garden suspended in time my mother sits in a redwood chair: light fills the sky, the folds of her dress, the roses tangled beside her. And when my father bends to whisper in her ear, when they rise to leave and the swallows dart and the moon and stars have drifted off together, it shin...
Even as you lean over this page, late and alone, it shines: even now in the moment before it disappears.
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Strand uses this last statement to give the poem an “infinitely magical” feeling. It allows the reader to feel like they can relate to the entire poem as a whole, not just while reading it, but forever. It reduces the personal aspects of the poem without having to take out personal content.
Mark Strand
The Garden
I can remember you, child,
As I stood in a hot, white
Room at the window watching The people and cars taking Turn at the traffic lights.
Clarke is at the window either between contractions or after the birth of her daughter. Significantly, she is standing and not lying in bed, as if alert and preparing for the complex years ahead. The adjectives ‘hot’ and ‘white’ are oxymoronic , creating a stark, oppressive, tense atmosphere. ‘Hot’ suggests the pas...
Gillian Clarke
Catrin
Henry was not a coward. Much. He never deserted anything; instead he stuck, when things like pity were thinning. So may be Henry was a human being. Let's investigate that. . . . We did; okay. He is a human American man. That's true. My lass is braking. My brass is aching. Come & diminish me, & map my way. God's Henry's...
I couldn't feel more like it. --Mr Bones,
as I look on the saffron sky, you strikes me as ornery.
Kevin Young claimed that Berryman wrote his dream songs to counter every trend in American poetry at the time, ie: Modernism. Well one of the most prominent trends of Modernism at the time is the unreliable narrator. Here we see Berryman use first person, however this person is not Berryman. With that being said who is...
John Berryman
Dream Song 13
The Sunday lamb cracks in its fat. The fat Sacrifices its opacity.... A window, holy gold. The fire makes it precious, The same fire Melting the tallow heretics, Ousting the Jews. Their thick palls float Over the cicatrix of Poland, burnt-out Germany. They do not die.
Grey birds obsess my heart,
Mouth-ash, ash of eye. They settle. On the high Precipice
The birds seem not to represent anything positive — they are clearly not doves of peace — but manifestations of the Holocaust which “obsess” the narrator’s heart. They are grey like the smoke from the gas ovens. They would seem to reinforce her identification with the Jews and heretics.
Sylvia Plath
Marys Song
The stars of the night Than the eyes of the radiant girl! And never a flake That the vapor can make With the moon-tints of purple and pearl, Can vie with the modest Eulalie's most unregarded curl— Can compare with the bright-eyed Eulalie's most humble and careless curl. Now Doubt—now Pain Come never again, For her soul...
Astarté within the sky,
While ever to her dear Eulalie upturns her matron eye— While ever to her young Eulalie upturns her violet eye.
Astarte is the Mesopotamian Moon God of fertility and love. She resembled the Greeks' Aphrodite, Juno, and Artemis. Astarte is also referenced in Poe’s Ulalume .
Edgar Allan Poe
Eulalie
Miners, Farmers, Mechanics, Mill Hands, Shop girls, Railway men, Servants, Tobacco workers, Sharecroppers, GREETINGS! I am the black worker, Listen:
That the land might be ours,
And the mines and the factories and the office towers At Harlan, Richmond, Gastonia, Atlanta, New Orleans; That the plants and the roads and the tools of power
The speaker appears to be against large corporations or what he might deem greedy employers when he claims “the land” for the Black and white worker, the “us” of the line. I see this connection because of several references to labor unions throughout the poem, and the general Marxist rhetoric of class.
Langston Hughes
Open Letter to the South
Your chemic beauty burned my muscles through. Poise of my hands reminded me of yours. What later purge from this deep toxin cures? What kindness now could the old salve renew? It is the pain, it is the pain endures. The infection slept (custom or changes inures) And when pain's secondary phase was due Poise of my hands...
My heart pumps yet the poison draught of you.
Poise of my hands reminded me of yours. You are still kind whom the same shape immures. Kind and beyond adieu. We miss our cue.
At face value this can be read with the following meaning: My heart still pumps the poisonous liquid of your essence. The reference to the circulatory system points to the way the poem is written. The same “stuff” is pumped around over and over again. In this case, it is the poison draught that is pumped through – ...
William Empson
Villanelle It is the pain...
Louis XIV, the Sun King, was a proud and arrogant man who wanted to be the center of attention at all times; he could not countenance being outdone in lavishness by anyone, and certainly not his finance minister. To succeed Fouquet, Louis chose Jean-Baptise Colbert, a man famous for his parsimony and for giving the dul...
Such is the fate, in some form or another, of all those who unbalance the master's sense of self, poke holes in his vanity, or make him doubt his preeminence.
"When the evening began, Fouquet was at the top of the world. By the time it had ended, he was at the bottom."-Voltaire, 1694-1778
Although rapper 50 Cent claims he dismissed artist Game from G-Unit after Game refused to support them in a feud with Murder Inc., it is more likely that Game had threatened 50’s pride. This is backed up by the fact that 50 Cent continually claimed to have written 6 of the songs on Game’s debut The Documentary ...
Robert Greene
Law 1: Never Outshine the Master - Interpretation of Transgression
Month after month the gathered rains descend Drenching yon secret Aethiopian dells, And from the desert's ice-girt pinnacles Where Frost and Heat in strange embraces blend On Atlas, fields of moist snow half depend. Girt there with blasts and meteors Tempest dwells By Nile's aereal urn, with rapid spells Urging those w...
O'er Egypt's land of Memory floods are level
And they are thine, O Nile—and well thou knowest That soul-sustaining airs and blasts of evil And fruits and poisons spring where'er thou flowest.
In Ancient Egypt, many peoples' livelihoods depended on the Nile’s annual flood, which watered crops, and brought trade to cities in the desert.
Percy Bysshe Shelley
To The Nile
Escape Shadows, shadows, Hug me round So that I shall not be found By sorrow: She pursues me Everywhere, I can't lose her Anywhere. Fold me in your black
Abyss,
She will never look In this,-- Shadows, shadows,
This “abyss” is a very vague and dark image. It is also ironic that the “abyss” is usually associated with “a bottomless gulf or pit” (Merriam-Webster) and something intrinsically negative, yet it is what will ultimately protect her from sorrow. Could it be death? Is Johnson challenging the notion of heaven in the a...
Georgia Douglas Johnson
Escape