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• 1.1: Source Water Quality
A finite amount of water on our planet (0.34%) is available to treat for human consumption. Knowing where the water comes from assists certified operators in treating raw source water to make it potable. Newer technology has been developed to treat salinized or salty water found in the ocea... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_151/1.01%3A_Source_Water_Quality.txt |
Learning Objectives
After reading the chapter the student should be able to identify:
• Matter, elements, and compounds
• Public water systems: community and non-community
• Primary and secondary standards
• Water treatment violations
• Volume math problems
Water treatment is a complex process that involves parts th... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_151/1.02%3A_Water_Chemistry_and_Standards.txt |
The most important job of a Water Treatment Operator is providing reliable and quality water to the public. This is accomplished through chemical deactivation or physical removal of disease-causing microorganisms in the water. Microorganisms are deactivated by the addition of a chemical such as Chlorine or Ozone while ... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_151/1.03%3A_Microorganisms.txt |
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter you should be able to identify and explain the following:
• Coagulant types
• Coagulation chemistry
• Mixing systems for both coagulation and flocculation
• Flocculation process theory
• Pounds formula
One of the most important steps in the water treatment process is th... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_151/1.04%3A_Coagulation_and_Flocculation.txt |
Learning Objectives
After this chapter you should be able to identify and explain:
• Sedimentation process
• Zones of sedimentation basin
• Types of sedimentation basins
• Velocity math problems
• Detention time
Sedimentation is the 3rd step in a conventional treatment process. It occurs after coagulation and floccu... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_151/1.05%3A_Sedimentation.txt |
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter you should be able to identify and explain the following:
• Treatment technologies
• Filter media configurations and types
• Filter operation and backwashing
• Filtration math
Filtration is the final and most important removal requirement required by the Surface Water T... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_151/1.06%3A_Filtration.txt |
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter you should be able to identify and explain the following:
• Disinfection terminology
• Regulations
• Types of disinfectants used during water treatment
The final step in the water treatment process before finished or treated water enters a clearwell for storage is the d... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_151/1.07%3A_Disinfection.txt |
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter you should be able to identify and explain the following concepts related to chlorine:
• Chlorine terminology
• Chlorine chemistry
• Chlorine safety
• Advanced chlorine calculations
As discussed in previous chapters, chlorine is the chemical most frequently used in the ... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_151/1.08%3A_Chlorine.txt |
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter you should be able to explain and identify the following topics:
• Why chloramine treatment has been employed, (hint) DBP formation
• The use of ammonia in water treatment
• Breakpoint chlorination
• Nitrification
The water treatment profession is constantly evolving an... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_151/1.09%3A_Chloramination_and_Nitrification.txt |
Learning Objectives
• After reading this chapter you should be able to identify and explain the following topics related to treatment plant laboratories:
• Equipment in the laboratory
• Laboratory safety
• Water quality testing
• Contaminants tested in the laboratory and throughout the treatment plant
Working in a la... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_151/1.10%3A_Laboratory.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Understand the importance of proper wastewater treatment
• Describe and construct the urban water cycle
• Analyze wastewater origins and how it is conveyed
• Differentiate between residential and industrial/commercial wastewater
• Evaluate the typical job function of a wastewater treatment operator... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_160%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_I_(Steffen)/1.01%3A_Basic_Overview_Introduction_To_Wastewater_Treatment.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Understand the purpose of NPDES permits
• Explain how TMDLs are obtained and how they improve water quality
• Assess the difference between chemical and physical water quality contaminants
• Describe how different contaminants can affect water bodies
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_160%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_I_(Steffen)/1.02%3A_Wastewater_Quality.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Examine how wastewater is conveyed from the source to a wastewater treatment facility
• Assess the impacts and causes of odor in a collection system and explain how to mitigate the negative impacts for a community
• Analyze how gravity sewer design is used to maintain sufficient velocity
• Evaluate... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_160%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_I_(Steffen)/1.03%3A_Wastewater_Collection.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Understand why preliminary treatment is necessary
• Compare and contrast the different types of preliminary treatment methods
• Evaluate the benefits of different treatment methods
Nuisance Substances
Preliminary treatment is the first step in treating raw wastewater. When the wastewater first en... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_160%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_I_(Steffen)/1.04%3A_Preliminary_Treatment.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Describe different methods to measure wastewater flow
• Examine the purpose of primary treatment
• Compare and contrast conventional primary treatment with chemically enhanced primary treatment
• Assess how specific gravity and density relates to the removal of solids able to settle
Flow measureme... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_160%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_I_(Steffen)/1.05%3A_Primary_Treatment.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Describe different methods to biologically treat wastewater
• Examine what target contaminants are being removed by the different biological processes
• Compare and contrast different biological processes and the type of bacteria and environmental conditions needed
Aerobic, Anaerobic, and Facultat... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_160%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_I_(Steffen)/1.06%3A_Biological_Treatment_Overview.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Describe different methods to biologically treat wastewater
• Compare and contrast fixed film treatment methods with other biological treatment methods
• Understand the operation of a trickling filter and how to control it
Fixed Film Processes
A fixed film treatment process is still a biological ... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_160%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_I_(Steffen)/1.07%3A_Biological_Treatment_Methods.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Compare and contrast the difference between fixed film and suspended growth biological treatment systems
• Describe how the activated sludge process can more efficiently reduce organic wastes
• Understand how different process control strategies work in an activated sludge system
• Examine how a se... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_160%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_I_(Steffen)/1.08%3A_Activated_Sludge.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Describe the difference between wastewater, stormwater, and combined collection systems
• Understand the general treatment process of wastewater
• Compare and contrast the different stages of wastewater treatment
Wastewater Collection
The wastewater collection system is the network of pipes that ... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_161%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_II_(Steffen)/1.01%3A_Conventional_Treatment_Review.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Understand which environments the different types of bacteria thrive
• Explain how activated sludge treatment process is more efficient than other methods
• Describe the nitrogen cycle and how it’s used to remove nitrogen from wastewater
Aerobic, Facultative, and Anaerobic Organisms
Aerobic bacte... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_161%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_II_(Steffen)/1.02%3A_Biological_Treatment_Overview.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Explain which water quality characteristics tertiary treatment is targeted to remove
• Describe the breakpoint chlorination curve
• Understand how the mixture of ammonia and chlorine creates chloramines
• Compare different methods of wastewater disinfection
Filtration
After the wastewater leaves ... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_161%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_II_(Steffen)/1.03%3A_Tertiary_Treatment.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Understand the requirements of Title 22 for recycled water
• Know what level of treatment is needed for different recycled water uses
Discharge
By now the wastewater has been completely treated. By undergoing preliminary, primary, biological, secondary, tertiary, and disinfection treatment the wa... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_161%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_II_(Steffen)/1.04%3A_Water_Recycling.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Understand where solids from the wastewater treatment are generated
• Compare the different ways to thicken wastewater solids
Biosolids
For many years the solids leaving the wastewater treatment plant were referred to as sludge. The term sludge is still used but typically refers to the untreated ... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_161%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_II_(Steffen)/1.05%3A_Solids_Handling_Processes.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Compare and contrast the various sludge stabilization methods
• Understand the different biological processes to stabilize wastewater solids
• Describe the different types of bacteria used during anaerobic digestion at different temperatures
Sludge Stabilization
Once the solids have been thickene... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_161%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_II_(Steffen)/1.06%3A_Biosolids_Stabilization.txt |
Learning Outcomes
• Compare and contrast the different methods of biosolids dewatering
• Understand the limits of different biosolids dewatering methods
• Compare the energy and labor requirements of different biosolids dewatering methods
Sludge Dewatering
Sludge dewatering is exactly what it sounds like. At this po... | textbooks/workforce/Water_Systems_Technology/Water_161%3A_Wastewater_Treatment_and_Disposal_II_(Steffen)/1.07%3A_Biosolids_Treatment.txt |
Introduction
No matter what your job is, you will need to communicate with other people. Your communication skills determine how successfully you receive and transmit information. Communication is arguably the most important of all life skills and plays a significant role in all aspects of work and home life. Communic... | textbooks/workforce/Workforce_Fundamentals/01%3A_Introduction_Objectives_Resources.txt |
In 1967, a University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) study found that more than 90% of face-to-face communication between people is non-verbal (Mehrabian and Ferris, 1967). Non-verbal communication is communication without words. That’s why it’s often referred to as “body language.” It includes facial expressions, g... | textbooks/workforce/Workforce_Fundamentals/02%3A_Learning_Task_1-_Describe_the_Principles_of_Communication/2.03%3A_Non-verbal_Communication.txt |
Working in the trades usually includes working with others. Whether you are communicating with only one other person or you are in a group setting, effective communication skills are equally important.
As you have learned, effective communication spans a variety of different forms, including spoken, written, and non-v... | textbooks/workforce/Workforce_Fundamentals/02%3A_Learning_Task_1-_Describe_the_Principles_of_Communication/2.05%3A_Working_in_Groups.txt |
Listening is critical to learning and an important part of the communication process. In a training institution some of the course material may be delivered through lectures, through audio, and through verbal instructions. Even with practical demonstrations and instructional videos, much of the content is delivered thr... | textbooks/workforce/Workforce_Fundamentals/03%3A_Learning_Task_2-_Describe_Effective_Listening_Techniques/3.01%3A_Active_Listening.txt |
The ability to give and receive feedback is integral to a healthy working relationship. Feedback is intended to provide information and observations about an individual’s work behaviour or performance and can be positive and/or negative. All too often feedback is perceived as negative and associated with criticism. How... | textbooks/workforce/Workforce_Fundamentals/04%3A_Learning_Task_3-_Describe_the_Procedures_for_Giving_and_Receiving_Feedback/4.01%3A_Sending_Messages.txt |
Communication can be assertive, non-assertive, or aggressive.
Assertive communication is asking what you want and expressing yourself clearly, firmly, and honestly. When you communicate assertively, you take responsibility for your thoughts and feelings and state your position with confidence.
Assertive communication... | textbooks/workforce/Workforce_Fundamentals/05%3A_Learning_Task_4-_Describe_Assertive_Communication/5.01%3A_Assertive_Communication.txt |
Conflict can be defined as disagreement between two or more individuals or groups arising from differences of opinions, beliefs, or actions. It is a normal part of everyday life, given that individuals have different experiences, values, and beliefs that shape their perception of the world.
Conflict in the workplace c... | textbooks/workforce/Workforce_Fundamentals/06%3A_Learning_Task_5-_Describe_Conflict_Resolution_Techniques/6.01%3A_Conflict_Resolution_Techniques.txt |
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