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Water is the source of life for living organisms. Human being needs water to live like other living organisms. Water is the basic necessity for building a civilization. On the other hand, the ancient and medival cities were built in walls. It means that in case of a siege water should have been restored in order to res... |
In 1900, enchanted observers marveled at how light played with color, as it reflected off leaves or the wings of a dragonfly.
However, unlike moths, dragonflies don’t navigate by the light of the moon. Instead, they use sunlight’s energy on their wings to fly. Dragonflies swarm with predatory precision, catching mosqui... |
Mindfulness and meditation; they’re one in the same, right? Not so fast! These two subjects are similar, but it’s good to be educated about them and know that they are two separate things.
Although they are practiced differently, they are extremely helpful when practiced in conjunction with one another. Both mindfulnes... |
Statistical Estimation of Effective Earth Radius Factor over Lagos using Radiosonde Data
Pages : 343-346Download PDF
The path followed by tropospheric radio waves between any two points on earth is largely influenced by atmospheric parameters which vary temporally and spatially. The effective earth radius factor (k-fac... |
A sealant is a thin, plastic coating applied to the chewing surface of molars, premolars and any deep grooves (called pits and fissures) of teeth. More than 75% of dental decay begins in these deep grooves. Teeth with these conditions are hard to clean and are very susceptible to decay. A sealant protects the tooth by ... |
Parents’ understanding of children’s exposure to the risks of STD/AIDS
adolescent, sexually transmitted diseases, parent-chid relationship, health promotion, AIDS.Abstract
A Dialogue between parents and children as a way to advise, prevent and educate them about sex is a great method to reduce the incidence of STD/AIDS... |
Characteristics of geological environment damage and restoration measures in coal mining subsidence area: a case study of Tunlan Mine, Shanxi Province
Abstract:Coal mining not only brings economic benefits, but also causes huge damage to the surface, causing the surface of goaf to collapse, subside, destroy the water s... |
Teeth whitening (or bleaching) is a simple, non-invasive dental treatment used to change the color of natural tooth enamel and is an ideal way to enhance the beauty of your smile.
Because having whiter teeth has now become the number one aesthetic concern of most patients, there are a number of ways to whiten teeth. Th... |
Male black widow spiders aren’t looking for mates with great personalities or senses of humor. For some, finding the right partner is a way to avoid being eaten alive.
The key for those male black widow spiders is to find well-fed female mates, according to new research by PhD student Luciana Baruffaldi and Professor M... |
Susan Wealthy Orvis (1873-1941) was a U.S missionary who witnessed the persecution of Greeks during the Greek Genocide. Orvis traveled to Turkey as early as 1902 under the auspices of the American Board of Commissions for Foreign Missions. In 1920, she served as the Director of the Near East Relief Schools in Talas, a ... |
According to the World Health Organization, there are more than 350 million people all over the world with depression. It’s a staggering and sobering statistic, which should tell you that there is a strong likelihood that someone you know and love will be suffering from depression.
As psychologists, we understand it is... |
Insect biomimicry may lead to a new wave of high-grade, lightweight plastics
A new wave of performance materials for the aerospace and automotive sectors may be round the corner thanks to the discovery of a new biofibre.
Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research have developed a range of new ... |
Female English Translation
Translation is the process of converting written or spoken language from one language to another. It is a crucial skill that allows people from different cultures and backgrounds to communicate and understand each other. In recent years, the field of translation has seen a significant increas... |
When you think back on your own education, there’s probably a teacher who stands out as an exceptional source of encouragement and inspiration. Maybe it was a college professor who inspired you to change your career field — or, maybe it was a kindergarten teacher whose simple acts of kindness made a positive difference... |
A radio series consisting of 30 episodes was planned with the purpose of enhancing the participation of women and marginalized communities in politics as informed voters, engaged citizens, and potential candidates for public representation. These programs aimed to change existing gender norms and stereotypes concerning... |
std::shared_ptr is a standard smart pointer utility widely used in modern C++. A commonly overlooked property of std::shared_ptr is that while its control block is thread-safe, the shared_ptr itself isn’t. To fix this, C++20 introduced std::atomic<std::shared_ptr>. However, existing implementations are typically not lo... |
Budgeting involves developing a plan for how to spend one’s money. It allows one to establish in advance whether there will be enough money for the activities. An individual is also able to prioritize the spending by concentrating on the most important things. However, most people face budgeting problems and end up spe... |
Massive population growth puts strain on SA clean-water supplies, ability to produce sufficient food for local consumption:
By Adriana Stuijt, Censorbugbear Reports: June 15 2013 - The UN has drastically revised its estimates of the world population upwards by eight percent - to 11 billion people by the year 2100. And ... |
Introduction to Agrawau
Nestled away from the bustling cities and tourist traps lies Agrawau, a hidden gem where sustainable agriculture thrives. This enchanting destination invites visitors to explore its lush landscapes, vibrant farms, and rich community spirit. As you wander through rolling fields and quaint gardens... |
Warren County is a county located in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of 2020, the population was 134,554, making it the fifth-most populous county in Kentucky. The county seat is Bowling Green. Warren County is now classified as a wet county after voters approved the measure in 2018. The mea... |
Re-publication of an article by Mario A. Rosé on Agronotizie.
There is no doubt that the drought that is tormenting our country is one of the many consequences of climate change. It is not easy to obtain firm evidence on press complaints, but on the other hand, it is also not difficult to believe that bad territorial m... |
Angelica Kauffmann was born as the daughter of the painter Joseph Kauffmann in Chur in 1741. Her father accepted during the following years several appointments in Switzerland and Upper Italy. Already at the age of six, Angelica helped him and attracted attention with her talent.
In 1762, father and daughter left for R... |
The agency insists that even organic almonds be cooked, but doesn’t want consumers to know they aren’t raw or how they are cooked. Action Alert!
The “pasteurization” rule was introduced in 2007 in response to a string of salmonella outbreaks linked to large almond processing plants in 2001 and 2004; thirty-three people... |
Feline Preventative Care
Cats are like kids–it’s a never-ending job to keep them safe and happy. Routine preventative health care such as vaccinations, viral testing, and internal parasite screenings are very important to minimize certain diseases.
While any medical treatment involves some degree of risk, in the case o... |
It looks like flour but it's not. Potato starch is part of the starch family and comes in the form of a very fine white powder. Odourless, gluten-free and very precious in the kitchen, potato starch is used in sweet leavened preparations, such as muffins, sponge cakes, cakes and donuts, but also to thicken sauces and g... |
The Educational Situation of Migrants and Ethnic Minorities in 15 EU Member States in Comparative Perspective
By Mikael Luciak
University of Vienna, Austria
A recent comparative study(1), which the author conducted on behalf of the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC), focused, among other issues,... |
Over the last few years, self-care has become an important value in our nation. Many people have recognized that it is important to take time to rest their bodies and refresh their minds. Self-care looks different for everyone depending on the season of life they are in. For dental hygienists, there are many unique way... |
The UK Treasury has reprieved 1p and 2p coins, saying they will continue to be used “for years to come”.
The copper coins were theoretically under threat when Chancellor Philip Hammond consulted on the current mix of coins and banknotes in circulation.
The chancellor has now said he wants people to “have a choice” over... |
Understanding how to test humidity in room is crucial for maintaining a healthy and comfortable living environment. Whether youre a homeowner or a real estate developer, managing indoor humidity levels is vital for the well-being of occupants and the longevity of the property. Controlling humidity helps prevent issues ... |
The United States Marine Corps is most commonly referred to as the United States Marines or the USMC. It’s a branch of the United States Armed Forces.
The US Marine Corp conduct amphibious operations, in league with the Navy (another US military branch). The Marines, Navy, Army, and the Airforce are the four branches t... |
September 9, 2024
Certain heart rate ranges can be considered dangerous and pose significant health risks. Our heart rate, or pulse, can vary significantly based on activity levels, stress, and overall health. While occasional fluctuations are normal, persistent deviations from the norm can indicate underlying issues. ... |
September 14, 2022
Guide dogs are born to work. They love their jobs and they are capable of doing so many amazing things. Not only do they help their blind and visually impaired partners, but they also touch and change the lives of pretty much everyone they meet.
Their journey begins well before they are born. Many gu... |
Fresh Squeeze: Brain Game
Cognitive training brain game
Play "Fresh Squeeze" online and boost your cognitive abilities
Get access to this scientific brain training resource
Challenge your brain
Fresh Squeeze is an online brain training game . In order to advance through the levels of this game, the user will have to lo... |
3.SREE NARAYANA GURU
The Vice President of Indiahas virtually launched “Not Many, But One”,an Englishtranslationof poems of Sree Narayana Gurudev.
- Sree Narayana Guru was born on 22 August, 1856to Madan Asan and hiswife Kuttiyamma in Chempazhanthy, a village near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
- His family belonged to th... |
Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell: Summary and Lessons
“Practice isn’t the thing you do once you’re good. It’s the thing you do that makes you good.”
Table of Contents
Outliers Short Summary
Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell is a book that explores the hidden forces behind successful people. Gladwell shows that as much as talent... |
Teen suicide is a tragedy, but like many tragedies, it strikes some areas more frequently than others. To find out why, UConn researchers mapped teen suicide attempts across the state. Their results are in press in the Journal of Adolescent Health. They reveal some surprising variation in risk across communities, and m... |
Imagine going into the doctor and having a blood clot or cell inside your body moved or manipulated without any incisions. The future may be closer than you think.
The non-invasive procedures of the Star Trek universe — a quick scan and a hypo-spray — is an optimistic wish for the future of medicine. The researchers of... |
Introduction Hydrogen is an energy carrier like electricity. However, it is more versatile. It can be the base for any gas, fuel, or can be transformed into electricity. If made from renewables, hydrogen is carbon-free. Hydrogen offers the potential for full energy autonomy and independence. Rather than using diesel ge... |
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General English High-Quality Corpus
Repository: pritamdeb68/general_english_high_quality_corpus
License: See source datasets (derived from FineWeb-Edu)
Language: English
Task Type: Language Modeling / Pretraining
Domain: General English, Educational, High-Quality Web Text
📌 Dataset Summary
General English High-Quality Corpus is a large-scale, curated English text dataset extracted and filtered from FineWeb-Edu.
It is designed for training and evaluating large language models (LLMs) with an emphasis on clean, educational, and linguistically well-formed text.
The dataset prioritizes text quality over raw volume, making it suitable for language model pretraining, tokenizer training, and controlled research experiments.
It is paired with a custom tokenizer (pritamdeb68/FIREFLY) trained directly on this corpus to ensure optimal tokenizer–data alignment.
📊 Key Statistics
- Total tokens: ~1B tokens (approximate, tokenizer-dependent)
- Language: English
- Vocabulary alignment: Custom tokenizer trained on this dataset
- Average tokens per word: ~1.30 (comparable to GPT-2)
- UNK rate: 0
- Text quality: High (educational + filtered web content)
🧠 Motivation
Most large-scale web datasets contain significant noise, including duplicated text, HTML artifacts, and low-quality or autogenerated content.
This dataset aims to provide a cleaner, higher-signal alternative by leveraging FineWeb-Edu filtering and additional curation.
The goal is to support:
- efficient and stable language model training,
- reproducible research,
- and principled tokenizer and architecture studies.
🔧 Data Construction
Source
- Extracted from FineWeb-Edu, a filtered subset of web data emphasizing educational and high-quality text.
Filtering & Cleaning
- Removal of low-quality and malformed documents
- Exclusion of extremely short or noisy text
- English-only language filtering
Tokenization
- A custom tokenizer (
pritamdeb68/FIREFLY, vocabulary size: 30,257) was trained on this corpus. - This avoids tokenizer–dataset mismatch and improves training efficiency.
- A custom tokenizer (
🚀 Intended Use
This dataset is suitable for:
- Language model pretraining (decoder-only or encoder–decoder)
- Tokenizer training and analysis
- Scaling-law and data-efficiency studies
- Long-context and efficient architecture research
- Academic and educational experimentation
Not recommended for:
- Instruction tuning
- Supervised downstream tasks without additional labeling
🧪 Example Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset(
"pritamdeb68/general_english_high_quality_corpus",
split="train",
streaming=True
)
sample = next(iter(dataset))
print(sample["text"])
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