text stringlengths 110 576k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 1 value | url stringlengths 14 2.54k | date stringlengths 20 20 | file_path stringclasses 376 values | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 55 141k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Note: Our friends at Hammer and Rails are probably not serial murderers who write good things about a miserably depressing school. You should check them out! Everything that follows is true and based on facts.
Ah, Purdue University. Alumni love to tell you about the national brand they've built with their excellent academics and sports teams that definitely play sports, with points and everything. "National" meaning, of course, anyone with a handful of miles of the I-65 corridor between Indianapolis and the dystopian hellscape of miserable burger "restaurants" and dilapidated brick buildings called West Lafayette. Mention Purdue outside of that particular segment of America and you'll get this reaction:
"What is a Purdue?"
WHAT IS A PURDUE?
Purdue was founded by JOHN PURDUE, a notable failure of a businessman and politician. But investing in businesses despite their obvious inability to succeed along with running for office despite near-certain defeat, ol' John wasn't satisfied. What is a man without his legacy? How could he ensure that his tradition of failure would continue on for generations when he was not married and lacked any heirs to his throne (of failure)?
And, thus, the world's first failure factory was created, and it carries his namesake TO THIS DAY. Welcome to Purdue University, home of the-
Any famous people from Purdue?
Neil Armstrong, famous for helping fake the moon landing went there, and you probably didn't know that unless you talked to a Purdue student / graduate for longer than six seconds.
They also produced one of the most legendary basketball coaches of all time, as John Wooden played for their basketball team back when dinosaurs roamed the earth. Purdue, apparently, decided it wasn't a very good idea to have him return to his alma mater as a coach, but they secured another former player to lead their team to greatness and
VISITING WEST LAFAYETTE
Get on I-65 North and drive until the temperature is below 50 and the rain is falling in heavy sheets. YOU HAVE ARRIVED AT YOUR DESTINATION.
Right after Stock Purdue Graduate has finished bragging about Neil Armstrong and trumpeting Robbie Hummel's greatness, they'll tell you their final lie: that a restaurant called "Triple XXX" is good. This restaurant claims to be a "burger joint" that, in 2014, does not accept credit cards. If that doesn't tell you everything you need to know about this glorified vending machine, then I'll go deeper. I went to this e. coli shack twice in my life and I'll tell you about both experiences:
- The first time, we arrived a little after 11 AM on a Saturday. The wait was 65 minutes and we were told we had to stand outside. It was 33 degrees. I offered up to, instead, go to this new place I had heard of called "literally anywhere but here" and we did that. It was awesome.
- The next time, the wait was a PALTRY 30 minutes and it was nicer outside so we stuck it out. There were four of us and the staff just couldn't work out a way for us to sit anywhere close to one another. So I elbowed myself between two strangers, and within seconds an employee asked me "Do you want anything?" which is, to date, the funniest way I've been invited to order something in a restaurant. I just stood outside for 30 minutes for the right to sit alone in this bandbox, but, no, I'm good. The burger was a half-step above what gets cranked out at McDonald's in 90 seconds, except I waited 25 minutes for it. I paid cash, as demanded, but I had a feeling if I offered beaver pelts or a nice wooden chair, it would have been accepted.
THE FOOTBALL TEAM
They're bad. And pretty much devoid of hope of getting better.
Lemme pull a quote from the game preview real quick:
I can't imagine the hopelessness of being a Purdue fan, I really really can't. You have an AD and a President who have straight up said, multiple times, that they do not care about being competitive in high-major athletics and their actions back up those words as they refuse to spend any large amounts of money on their athletics programs. For the love of God, this is a program that WENT TO A ROSE BOWL AS RECENTLY AS 2001 and their stadium, in the YEAR OF OUR LORD TWO-THOUSAND AND FOURTEEN, does not have permanent lighting fixtures.
It's nice to see a palpable synergy between the administration and the coaching staff. Morgan Burke and "their man" Mitch don't want to be competitive in high-major athletics, so head coach Darrell Hazell follows their lead and has fielded non-competitive football teams ever since he arrived on campus. That's the kind of brand unity that will get you places in the world of collegiate athletics.
And by "places", I mean the Mid-American Conference. Purdue could win the battle on Saturday, but as long as the tandem of Daniels and Burke is in place, they have no hope of winning the war.
And that warms my soul.
Just gonna drop some hard nuggets of truth / hate to close this out:
- Purdue fans often like to point out how poor Tom Crean's record is without Cody Zeller, as if Matt Painter has done anything of note since Robbie Hummel left.
- The "Cradle of Quarterbacks" is a lie. Purdue signal-callers have won one Super Bowl since 1967. Indiana's have won two. Sure, one was a backup and the other played wide receiver in the pros BUT STILL: terrible. Also, the one ring Drew Brees managed to stumble into was delivered to him via Hoosiers' defensive back Tracy Porter.
- Other QBs who have played for the Boilermakers (and lost to the Hoosiers) and have gone on to not play in the NFL get on Twitter and say hilarious things like this:
- TO BE FAIR: Mr. Henry didn't specify how many years it would take to win the 7 games (conservatively). They could easily reach that mark in aggregate next season.
- Credit where credit is due: Purdue was able to squeeze every drop of talent out of Harry from Dumb and Dumber and win a handful of games against teams that weren't ranked in a gimmick system, thus masquerading him around as a legitimate QB that wasn't actually horrible. | <urn:uuid:c01e2e49-63af-47ff-b38a-104b0a9f0fd9> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.crimsonquarry.com/2014/11/28/7301865/the-haters-travel-guide-west-lafayette | 2023-09-22T12:36:30Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.981071 | 1,380 |
The Dietary Services department at CCH provides a defined range of nutritional care and quality services, which are available to support the therapeutic and administrative aspects of the dietetic needs of all patients. The purpose of the Dietary Services department is to furnish patients, staff, and guests with nourishing, appropriate, appetizing and attractive meals at a cost-effective price while maintaining the high quality standards of the organization. The department also provides refreshments for social and special occasions.
Patient care needs are identified through a nutritional screening process completed on admission through the nursing admission function. Specific scoring criteria and specified disease states are utilized to determine degree of nutritional risk. Patients identified as moderate-high nutritional risk are referred to the nutritionist. Care plans are then developed with specific goals and approaches.
Clinical nutrition services include the following:
Nutrition screening, assessments, interventions, and counseling
Medical Nutrition Therapy
Diabetes Self Management Education
Food/Drug Interaction Education
Nutritional care planning
Food and nutritional product preparation, distribution and administration
Monitoring of the patients' responses to their nutrition care
Outpatient medical nutrition therapy is available through physician referral. Appointments may be scheduled by calling (270) 965-1073. | <urn:uuid:de1233f7-a687-41ec-ba7c-7706d65f6c83> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.crittenden-health.org/getpage.php?name=dietary&sub=Services | 2023-09-22T10:46:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.920497 | 288 |
In today’s digital age, social media has become an essential part of our daily lives. Instagram, in particular, has become one of the most popular social media platforms, with over 1 billion active users. Instagram has changed the way we share our lives with others, and it has become a tool for individuals and businesses to connect with their audience. However, creating the perfect Instagram post requires more than just uploading a photo and adding a caption. It’s an art that requires careful planning, strategy, and creativity.
In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the art of crafting the perfect Instagram post, from selecting the right image to writing the perfect caption.
The first step in crafting the perfect Instagram post is to select the right image. Your image is the first thing that people will see, so it needs to be visually appealing and relevant to your brand or message. When selecting your image, consider the following:
Does the image match your brand’s aesthetic?
Is the image high-quality and visually appealing?
Does the image tell a story or convey a message?
Is the image relevant to your audience?
Once you’ve selected your image, it’s time to edit it. Use Instagram’s built-in editing tools to enhance the image’s colors, brightness, and contrast. You can also use third-party editing tools to add filters or adjust the image’s composition.
2. Craft a Compelling Caption
After selecting the right image, the next step is to craft a compelling caption. Your caption is your opportunity to tell a story, convey a message, or engage your audience. When crafting your caption, consider the following:
Keep it concise: Instagram captions have a maximum character limit of 2,200 characters, but that doesn’t mean you should use all of them. Keep your caption concise and to the point.
Use emojis: Emojis can help you convey emotions and add personality to your caption.
Include a call-to-action: Encourage your audience to engage with your post by including a call-to-action in your caption.
Use hashtags: Hashtags can help your post get discovered by users who are interested in your niche or topic.
3. Timing is Everything
Timing is everything when it comes to Instagram. The time that you post your content can significantly impact its reach and engagement. To determine the best time to post your content, consider the following:
Analyze your audience: Use Instagram’s built-in analytics tool to analyze your audience’s demographics, behaviors, and interests. This data can help you determine the best time to post your content.
Experiment with posting times: Test different posting times to see when your audience is most active and engaged.
Consider your time zone: If your audience is located in a different time zone, make sure to post your content during their peak hours.
Engaging with your audience is essential for building a loyal following on Instagram. When your audience engages with your content, it increases your reach and visibility. To engage with your audience, consider the following:
Respond to comments: Respond to comments on your posts to show that you value your audience’s opinions and feedback.
Like and comment on other posts: Engage with other users’ posts by liking and commenting on their content. This can help you build relationships with other users and increase your visibility.
Use Instagram stories: Instagram stories are a great way to engage with your audience in real time. You can use stories to share behind-the-scenes content, answer questions, and share sneak peeks of upcoming content.
5. Utilize Instagram’s Features
Instagram is constantly introducing new features to keep users engaged and active on the platform. To create the perfect Instagram post, consider utilizing the following features:
Instagram Reels: Instagram Reels is a new feature that allows users to create short-form videos with music, filters, and effects. Reels are a great way to showcase your creativity and engage with your audience.
Instagram Live: Instagram Live is a feature that allows users to broadcast live videos to their followers. Live videos can help you connect with your audience in real time and can be used for Q&A sessions, product launches, and more.
Instagram IGTV: Instagram IGTV is a feature that allows users to upload long-form videos to their profiles. IGTV is a great way to showcase your brand’s personality and provide value to your audience.
Crafting the perfect Instagram post is an art that requires careful planning, strategy, and creativity. By selecting the right image, crafting a compelling caption, timing your post correctly, engaging with your audience, and utilizing Instagram’s features, you can create Instagram posts that engage your audience and build your brand’s visibility. Remember to be authentic, creative, and consistent in your approach, and you’ll soon see the benefits of a strong Instagram presence. | <urn:uuid:590cdd11-cc78-4385-9b6b-97e4b8d372e7> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.cryptocoingap.com/behind-the-lens-the-art-of-crafting-the-perfect-instagram-post/ | 2023-09-22T10:48:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.904476 | 1,040 |
FHA Mortgage Insurance Single-Family 30-Year Fixed Interest Rates May 2013 The average interest rates table presents FHA-insured single family 30-year fixed rate home mortgages between 1992 and the present, by endorsement month and the number of cases. These estimates are intended to portray a pattern of the rising or falling of FHA single.
Current Interest Rates Fha FHA Mortgage Insurance Single-Family 30-Year Fixed Interest Rates May 2013 The average interest rates table presents fha-insured single family 30-year fixed rate home mortgages between 1992 and the present, by endorsement month and the number of cases. These estimates are intended to portray a pattern of the rising or falling of FHA single.
(Points are fees paid to a lender equal to 1 percent of the loan amount and are in addition to the interest rate.) It was.
According to financial web site bankrate.com, the average interest rate on a 30- year fixed-rate mortgage loan, including those insured by the FHA, stood at 5.04 .
According to loan software company ellie mae, which processes more than 3 million loans per year, FHA loan rates averaged 4.49% in June (the most recent data available), while conventional loans.
Interest rates for an FHA loan vary. The only way to get an accurate quote is to speak with a lender who can help you immediately. To make your search a lot easier and more time-efficient, we may give you an average rate that reflects the trends right now.
Consider, too, an FHA loan, available to many types of home buyers who. to always know what their monthly mortgage payment will be, since the interest rate on this loan is set for the life of the.
The contract interest rate for a 5/1 adjustable-rate mortgage loan rose from 3.40% to 3.42%. Rates on a 30-year FHA-backed fixed-rate loan dipped from 3.80% to 3.76%.
Conventional loan interest rates tend to be higher than those of government-backed mortgages, such as FHA loans. No property is ever 100% financed. In checking your assets and liabilities, a lender is.
Banks That Offer Fha Mortgages FHA lender – HUD.gov / US Department of Housing and Urban. – However, inquiries for Reverse Mortgages through FHA's Home Equity Conversion Mortgages (HECM) & 203(k) Rehabilitation Mortgage Insurance Program are.
You must come up with the remaining $40,000 on your own. Some mortgages, for example, FHA mortgages, allow you to put down less, as long as you pay for mortgage insurance. The interest rate on a.
Check today’s low FHA streamline refinance rates The FHA streamline refinance is a great way for current FHA homeowners to lower their interest rate and monthly payment. And, with lenient credit standards and documentation requirements it can be the fastest and most cost effective options to refinance an FHA loan. | <urn:uuid:1aaf87a7-dfde-4f26-92d0-1a9db5d0643b> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.crystalberrymanphotography.com/interest-rates-on-fha-loan/ | 2023-09-22T12:42:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.937027 | 624 |
The award trophy is a magical item that sparks happiness for both recipient and giver. It signifies greatness & glories. You have seen it on all scale of events & ceremony. It could be an award-winning trophy or token of appreciation given out to your valued guests who attended the event. Unique Supreme is one of the renowned Awards Trophies Suppliers in Malaysia, serving our valued customer since 1993. We continue to strike for the best. Creating uniquely designed award trophies for our customer. Infusing modernized & customized design into every piece of them. Let’s get your trophies from Unique Supreme – the trusted award trophies supplier today! | <urn:uuid:6158e565-3491-41fe-8303-0dfb6a82f4f2> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.crystals.com.my/product-category/trophies/ | 2023-09-22T12:01:13Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.937441 | 130 |
Just Sport your ties in style by adding the Seattle Mariners Tie Bar. A shiny, rhodium plated sliding tie bar makes it easy to declare your Mariners allegiance front and center. It has a officially licensed MLB tie bar. Flaunt your team spirit with this officially licensed MLB tie bar. The rhodium plating gives it a shiny, sophisticated look. The Seattle Mariners have made quite a mark in the name of football. They were home to Ken Griffey, Jr., one of baseball's greats. If you or somebody you love is devoted to the M's, then this beautifully crafted Seattle Mariners tie bar featuring the team logo is a must-have accessory. This shiny rhodium plated sliding tie bar would make a great birthday, anniversary or congratulatory gift. Approximately it measures 2" x 3/8". | <urn:uuid:262f6cbb-aa91-4aae-aa87-a66431375928> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.cufflinksman.com/seattle-mariners-tie-bar.html | 2023-09-22T11:58:51Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.937971 | 168 |
Customize your own necklaces, bracelets, garters, and tons of other items with this great Winnipeg Jets charm! It will give your item that personal touch that you have been looking for! This makes the perfect addition to any custom item for the avid sports fan! Show your support for the Jets with this great charm!
© 2020 Cufflinksman.com. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:4e1369d2-1cb4-4843-a548-1193b4c63381> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.cufflinksman.com/winnipeg-jets-pendant-charm.html | 2023-09-22T10:52:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.903412 | 86 |
The Culver Auto Racing Museum attended the 2nd Annual Mount Airy Moonshine & Racers Reunion on Saturday September 11th. The large show put on by Bill Blair was a huge success with many race cars displayed throughout the city. We brought along our 1937 Ford Modified and it was a hit among the many knowledgeable race fans that attended. The weather was perfect and we got to speak with many fans of the museum who have visited in the past!
It was an honor to be included with the many historic race cars and drivers that made up the days events. You can bet we will be back next year as this show gets bigger and better every year it is held! | <urn:uuid:cb11e09f-ce74-42a4-a8f4-a6aee56865f8> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.culverautoracingmuseum.com/single-post/culver-auto-racing-museum-attends-2nd-annual-mount-airy-moonshine-racers-reunion | 2023-09-22T10:34:26Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.989037 | 137 |
According to a report released by Google Play, 98% of the revenue worldwide comes from free apps.
The app stores today, both Android and iOS, are swarming with interactive apps. And the most intriguing fact about it is that most of the apps present there are absolutely free. This often makes entrepreneurs ponder over the most common question “how do free apps make money?”
Well, today we are here to address this query. We have compiled a list of the most popular and proven mobile app monetization tactics that can help you make money with free apps. Let’s have a look.
App Monetization Strategies
8 out of 10 app providers used this as their revenue model last year.
Advertising is perhaps the most common and convenient app monetization strategies that can be easily implemented by way of a third party ad network.
These advertisements can easily be integrated into the app source code and the app owner gets paid per click, per install or per visit. This is quite simple and offers a myriad of monetization prospects.
Broadly, there are four types of ads that are usually displayed by the app owners for the purpose of making money.
- Interstitial ads
Interstitial ads are the ones that pop-up on the full screen, often after the completion of an activity. These ads can be closed by clicking on the close button on the upper right corner of the screen.
- Banner ads
These are like banners that often keep popping up in small sizes on different parts of your app screen, such as top or bottom. These banner ads are less obtrusive and generally do not hamper the user’s activity.
In-app video ads
In-app video ads are like reward videos that automatically appear on the screen and offer prizes in exchange of watching. These are quite popular with gaming apps where the users can acquire app currency, which later can be used in unlocking special characters or any other additional features.
- Native ads
Native ads are incorporated into the apps in a way that they appear to be a natural element and do not obstruct the activities of the user. They are like paid content that appears in-feed and at the same time, is totally non-disruptive. For instance, suggested posts on Facebook, promoted tweets on Twitter.
Subscriptions is a very effective app monetization strategy that allows the users to access the app content free of cost for a limited period of time. After the termination of that period, the users are charged a monthly/ annual subscription fee that permits them to access the complete content sans any restrictions.
This type of monetization strategy is quite popular with music streaming apps, cloud services and news services apps. They usually offer a trial period of one month after which a subscription fee is charged to those who wish to keep up with the services.
This is another popular form of app monetization that allows the users to purchase directly from within the app. This revenue model is generally used by gaming app publishers where the users can make in-app purchases to unlock special characters, buy gaming currency, powerups or other additional features.
This is a simple strategy that is relatively unobtrusive. Also, as per Forbes, this monetization tactic is known to generate the highest amounts of revenues.
Affiliate marketing is a monetization strategy that involves endorsing a third party product/ service in order to improve your own revenue opportunities. For instance, you can promote another app in return for a share of revenue depending upon the number of clicks or installs. This strategy is further classified into several campaigns. Let’s have a look at some of the most popular.
Cost per click (CPC)
This revenue model implies that you get paid for every click you get on the ads that the displayed in your app.
Cost per view (CPV)
This model is applied to video ads. The more video ads are viewed by the users, the more you get paid for it.
Cost per install (CPI)
In this model, you get paid whenever a user installs the application that is advertised in your app.
If you wish to pursue this monetization strategy, there are several networks that you can join, such as Google AdMob, Adfonic or Flurry. Most of the ad networks support both iOS and Android apps.
Sponsorships are certainly a good app monetization strategy; however, they are not very widespread. In this case, you need to look for sponsors who are addressing the same niche of users as your app. Thus, the best way to begin with this revenue model is compiling a list of companies along with their brands that can gain something from this strategic partnership.
Once you have found your sponsor, he will advertise your app under his own brand name since the targeted niche of users is essentially the same.
Selling merchandise on your app is definitely an effective technique of monetizing. Fascinating gifts such as t-shirts, toys, cosmetic items, stationery, gift vouchers, etc. can prove to be helpful in generating additional income. This merchandise can be sold either from within the app or through email marketing.
7.Collecting and selling data
Nowadays, almost all apps collect a lot of user’s data which represents their needs and preferences. This is important data that may be desired by different researchers in different fields.
Thus, the app owners can collect all the user’s data that includes their email addresses, social media accounts, needs, buying patterns, and other preferences and later, sell this data to researchers in exchange for a substantial amount of money. Additionally, the app publishers can use the same data for their own purpose and display ads that are relevant to the target audience.
Email marketing allows the app publishers reach their targeted users via email. In this, the users are requested to provide their email ids at the time of app login and later, they are contacted through email notifications. Even though this monetization strategy is not very prevalent, it is quite effective. The users who haven’t operated their apps in the longest time can easily be approached through email and retained.
Some Important Tips for Choosing the Best App Monetization Strategy
Now that you are acquainted with the various monetization strategies, it is important to understand that choosing the right one for your business model is equally important. Here we have listed some important tips that should be borne in mind while monetizing your free app.
Consider the objectives of your app
Every app is created keeping in mind a specific problem that it will solve. Therefore, you need to choose the appropriate monetization plan that is well aligned with the purpose of your app.
For instance, if you have a live video streaming app, using in-app purchases as your monetization strategy will do no good to your app model. Instead, you can opt for advertisements or even go for a subscription model with a monthly or annual subscription fee.
Define your target audience
Clearly defining your target audience can help you in choosing the right monetization strategy for your free app. If you know who your audience is, you can draw a clearer picture of how much money will they be willing to spend and on what. This helps in developing the right app with the right monetization plan that closely matches the needs of the users.
Know your competition well
It is imperative to know about your competition before launching your mobile app if you wish to outshine them. Learning about your competitor’s apps, the features they bring to the table, their monetization strategy, etc. can prove to be immensely beneficial. You can pick up from their experiences and finally launch a better and more effective app.
The main aim of your app should be to offer an optimal user experience. Too many intrusive ads, in-app purchase requests, email notifications may make it difficult for the users to keep using your app. Therefore, try to proffer a hassle-free experience by making all ads and offers as subtle and relevant as possible. | <urn:uuid:b31c725c-d156-41d5-8569-6f95a57448ea> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.cumulations.com/blog/how-to-make-money-with-free-apps/ | 2023-09-22T11:19:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.948641 | 1,678 |
A Jessie Lazar signature. The elegant pedestal tulip vase is the perfect vessel for spring tulips or any arrangement fresh or dried. Available in 3 colors. No two pieces are alike.
Made in Brooklyn.
2.5" opening, 10" H
Sign up for our newsletter and be the first to know about new products, artisans, sales. | <urn:uuid:399a63dc-7264-4538-9110-9c871a0d1711> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.curatedhl.com/products/tulip-vase | 2023-09-22T12:47:22Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.802459 | 91 |
Craft projects to make using Essential OilsAn essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetherolea, or simply as the "oil of" the plant from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove. An oil is "essential" in the sense that it carries a distinctive scent, or essence, of the plant. Essential oils do not form a di... From Wikipedia
Join our free community and help inspire the world to craft! | <urn:uuid:da5e043d-27fe-4875-9825-f61f35272dfc> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.cutoutandkeep.net/projects/using/essential-oil | 2023-09-22T12:45:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.967811 | 115 |
Chief Judge Carlos Samour today sentenced Kevin Lyons, 47, to life in prison plus 352 years for a shooting in a Centennial neighborhood that left Dr. Kenneth Atkinson dead.
In imposing the maximum sentence, Samour called Atkinson a “real life super hero” who was a “truly amazing human being in every respect.”
On April 4, 2016, Lyons chased his wife from their home with a gun. He shot at her, hitting her in the back, as she rushed to a neighbor across the street for safety. The neighbor was shot in the face.
The neighbor spoke at sentencing.
“In a matter of moments, I went from a neighbor gardening on a beautiful day to a person being hunted by a man who was beyond evil. … (Lyons) was determined to kill me,” she told the court in Arapahoe County.
Lyons continued to shoot at the two women as the neighbor hid, then ran for cover.
Dr. Ken Atkinson, 66, heard the commotion and rushed out of his home to help.
Lyons also shot at him. After Atkinson was initially hit, Lyons moved closer and shot and killed him.
“The defendant pursued Dr. Atkinson and shot him several times. He left Dr. Atkinson there bleeding and dying,” said Chief Deputy District Attorney Elizabeth Oldham, who prosecuted the case with Senior Deputy District Attorney Andrew Steers and Deputy District Attorney Danielle Jaramillo. “But the defendant wasn’t finished shooting … He was willing to shoot and kill to keep anyone from helping his wife.”
Lyons’ wife and the neighbor across the street survived. Medical personnel were unable to save Atkinson.
His widow addressed the court.
“I am not the same person I was. Grief seeps into your soul and robs you of your very soul,” she said. “I am broken but not destroyed. For his hate-filled deeds, his disregard for human life, I believe Kevin Lyons is worthy of the harshest penalty this state allows.”
Lyons pleaded guilty to all the charges against him at a hearing on May 4. His sentence to the Department of Corrections includes life for the death of Atkinson and consecutive sentences in prison for his acts against the other victims.
District Attorney George Brauchler explained that he examined all evidence he could and spoke to victims before opting not to seek the death penalty.
“The system in many ways is impotent to render true justice in a case like this. You had a very very good man killed by a very bad man. Tragedy is overused, but this IS a tragedy. Life in prison for this defendant can’t balance what this man has done to this family and this community,” Brauchler said. “This was a tough one. There’s no good outcome to this. We achieved what we could. I was satisfied that justice included this outcome.” | <urn:uuid:46dd4e0e-1d6e-4fa2-865c-27f1d779cb3d> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.da18.org/2017/06/killer-of-real-life-super-hero-get-life-plus-352-years/ | 2023-09-22T12:49:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.981606 | 622 |
16 years ago, a woman in Belgium murdered her five children by slitting their throats with a kitchen knife. Due to unbearable mental suffering, the woman requests euthanasia - which she is now receiving on the 16th anniversary of the terrible crime.
In Belgium, a five-time child murderer has taken advantage of euthanasia. Geneviève Lhermitte, 56, was pronounced dead on the 16th anniversary of her murder, according to her lawyer Nicolas Cohen. In Belgium, euthanasia is permitted under certain conditions if it ends an intolerable mental illness. "Ms. Lhermitte relied on this specific procedure," said Attorney Cohen. She claimed euthanasia on Tuesday, February 28.
On February 28, 2007, the housewife first beat her four daughters and her son unconscious at her home in Nivelles, south of Brussels, and then cut their throats with a kitchen knife. The children were between three and 14 years old. The mother then tried to commit suicide, but survived. The children's father was traveling at the time of the crime.
Lhermitte was sentenced to life imprisonment in 2008. In court, she pleaded mental health issues to avoid a long prison sentence. However, the jury concluded that she acted intentionally and with full knowledge. In 2019 she was allowed to leave prison under strict conditions. After that, she remained in a psychiatric facility. The Belgian psychologist Emilie Maroit told the television station RTL-TVI about the child murderer's death wish, which may have been a belated "symbolic gesture to her children".
Euthanasia has been legal in Belgium since 2002. Last year, 2966 people officially made use of it. According to the responsible Belgian commission, this was an increase of almost ten percent compared to 2021. However, euthanasia due to severe mental illness is a process that occurs extremely rarely. About 20 such cases are registered every year. | <urn:uuid:73659b67-2083-4922-8c2f-9a1fd1c99cf6> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dailynewsen.com/entertainment/on-the-anniversary-of-the-crime-child-killer-of-five-receives-euthanasia-h106002.html | 2023-09-22T12:42:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.98082 | 390 |
Women BD Desk: Prime Minister and Awami League President Sheikh Hasina will cast her vote in Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) polls at Dhaka City College centre at Dhanmondi on Saturday morning.
PM’s Press Secretary Ihsanul Karim confirmed the matter.
Awami League mayoral candidate in DSCC, Sheikh Fazle Noor Taposh, will cast his vote at Dr Malika College in Dhanmondi. The party’s mayoral candidate in the north, Atiqul Islam, will vote at Nawab Habibullah Model School and College in Uttara Model Town area.
BNP’s DSCC mayoral candidate Ishraque Hossain will cast his vote at Shahid Shahjahan Government Primary school in Gopibag area. Its DNCC mayoral candidate Tabith Awal will exercise his franchise at Manarat Dhaka International School and College in Gulshan area.
Polling in Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) and Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) will be held from 8am to 4pm without any break to elect mayors and councilors.
Thirteen aspirants – six in Dhaka north and seven in the south – are vying for the posts of mayor.
The entire election will be held using electronic voting machines (EVMs) instead of traditional ballot papers and two army personnel will be there at every polling station to safeguard the voting machines.
Some 5.45 million voters in the two city corporations will have the opportunity to exercise their franchise.
The last elections to the city corporations were held on April 28, 2015. | <urn:uuid:b657177e-d3e5-4f2c-af67-33eb356f20b8> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dailywomenbangladesh.com/pm-to-cast-vote-at-dhaka-city-college/ | 2023-09-22T10:38:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.939496 | 335 |
Last Day of the 2023 Season is Sept. 10th
Hours: 12:00 PM- 8:00 PM
The Dairy Creme was recently featured in the Seven Days Fourth Creemee Tour.
The Dairy Creme sells wooden nickels that are good for a free small cone. They are great for:
Teachers & Bus Drivers
Egg Hunt Prizes
To Say "Thank you"
You can get wooden nickels at the Dairy Creme. If you need a large quantity in the off-season call or text 802.793.4222.
We’ve Got Fans
“Every time we visit Dairy Creme it never disappoints, large portions reasonable prices. Can’t wait to return again soon!”
- Rachel P. | <urn:uuid:4cc89276-765b-4ac0-9af6-498240c5e35b> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dairycreme.com/ | 2023-09-22T12:24:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.859991 | 177 |
Source: University of British Columbia
Open space is an important feature of a lying environment to dairy cattle, as this allows them to more easily lie down and stand up, and to adopt different lying postures. However, more open lying areas make it more difficult to control where cows defecate and urinate. To reduce contamination of lying areas and improve cow cleanliness, many dairy farms use free stalls that index the lying areas with stall partitions and neck rails. This creates a dilemma for dairy farmers, as the very features that help keep the lying area clean reduce cow comfort in the stall. For this reason, researchers at the University of British Columbia Dairy and Education Research Centre have, over the course of many studies, worked to develop solutions that seek to maintain a clean lying area while minimizing behavioural restriction for the cows.
In one recent study at UBC, researchers investigated lying behaviour of 48 dairy cows (eight groups of six) under three different housing conditions: (1) conventional free stalls, (2) an open pack (created by removing all partitions and neck rails), and (3) alternative stalls (a novel housing system composed of hanging partitions; see Figure 1). Using video, lying behaviour (i.e., head position and level of limb extension) and perching behaviour (i.e., standing with just the front feet in the stall) was recorded. Cows were housed under each housing condition for a one-week period, and stall cleanliness was scored as the total stall area that was soiled.
Cows spent more time lying down in the two less restrictive housing options (open pack and alternative free stalls) compared to a traditional free stall. Cows in the less restrictive housing options were also found to adopt more extended lying positions, such as lying with hind legs extended and with the neck curled back. In the less restrictive housing, larger cows (> 820 kg) showed reduced perching time, likely because these larger cows have difficulties fitting into free stalls. Perching is linked to increased lameness and hoof lesions in dairy cattle. Together, these findings indicate that more open lying areas provide for better cow comfort than a standard free stall, and that the alternative stalls tested in this study provide for a similar level of cow comfort as is provided by an open pack.
Unsurprisingly, traditional free stalls were found to have improved stall cleanliness compared to the open pack and alternative free stalls. However, the alternative free stalls had improved cleanliness over the open pack, suggesting that this novel design could offer improvements to cow comfort while helping to keep stalls clean.
The researchers concluded that an alternative stalls design can provide the cow-comfort benefits of an open pack, but with improvements in stall cleanliness. The alternative design tested in this study was completed as a proof of concept and is not commercially available, but the hope is that this research will help inform the development of new barn designs that improve cow comfort and work well for the farmers who care for them.
For further information please contact Marina (Nina) von Keyserlingk (firstname.lastname@example.org) or Dan Weary (email@example.com). The results described in this article are based on the publication: Annabelle Beaver, Emma Strazhnik, Marina A.G. von Keyserlingk, Daniel M. Weary. 2021. The freestall reimagined: effects on stall hygiene and space usage in dairy cattle. Animals. 11: 1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061711
General funding for the Animal Welfare Program during the time of this study was provided by NSERC Industrial Research Chair program with industry contributions from the Alberta Milk (Edmonton, AB, Canada), British Columbia Dairy Association (Burnaby, BC, Canada), Boehringer Ingelheim (Burlington, ON, Canada), CanWest DHI (Guelph, ON, Canada), BC Cattle Industry Development Fund (Kamloops, BC, Canada), Dairy Farmers of Canada (Ottawa, ON, Canada), Dairy Farmers of Manitoba (Winnipeg, MB, Canada), Intervet Canada Corporation (Kirkland, QC, Canada), Saputo Inc. (Montreal, QC, Canada), SaskMilk (Regina, SK, Canada), and Semex Alliance (Guelph, ON, Canada). | <urn:uuid:0ee36852-220d-4665-84aa-cb944df54ef1> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dairyproducer.com/a-free-stall-reimagined/ | 2023-09-22T12:00:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.945474 | 893 |
If both Dallas (10-4) and Tampa Bay (10-4) win out, and Green Bay (11-3) loses one more game, there will be a three-way tie for best record in the NFC. Who will win the tiebreaker? — KHEVIN DEVAUGHN / GLENDORA, CA
Nick: Based off that, you're assuming the Cowboys win out. If so, they'll have just one NFC loss so that would make them the No. 1 seed with an 11-1 NFC record. But I'll say this, no one was seeing Detroit beat Arizona or the Bucs getting shut out at home. So my guess is that the craziness has only just begun.
Rob: I believe it would come down to conference record. At the moment, the Cowboys have the best conference record at 8-1, followed by the Packers (8-2) and Bucs (6-4). The Cowboys have remaining NFC games against Washington, against Arizona and at Philly. The Packers play the Vikings and at Detroit. The Bucs still have a home-and-home against Carolina.
I'm not advocating to get rid of Greg Zuerlein because of his strong leg and he is pretty clutch when it comes to kicking field goals. But the Cowboys have to start getting concerned about all of these missed extra points. It hasn't come back to hurt us yet, but we might not be as lucky in the coming weeks. Is there anything that you guys can see during practices? — MARK SOMMA / GAINESVILLE, VA
Nick: He's fine.
Rob: We really don't get to watch kicking during the open portions of practice. I will say the wind was a factor on the first miss. Given Zuerlein's history -- and maybe most important, his history with John Fassel -- I think there's still plenty of confidence in him. And the overall production on kicks has been there -- he ranks fifth in total points (110). He does have five missed extra points, but most of the league's leading kickers have at least two misses. I don't think it's a major concern for the Cowboys. When the playoffs roll around (assuming they eventually clinch), home-field advantage in climate-controlled AT&T Stadium would be helpful, though. | <urn:uuid:eba1e9c5-a13e-4436-8a05-45bd1689d55f> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dallascowboys.com/news/mailbag-time-to-worry-about-zuerlein-tiebreakers | 2023-09-22T10:50:13Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.975005 | 473 |
HOW TO PROMOTE EVENTS
Click Here to download a promotional guide to help you with all your promotional needs.
Select the videos below that are relative to your event to assist you with all your promotional needs.
DOWNLOAD OUR LOGO - Hover over the logo, press your "control" button. At the same time press click. It then gives you the option to "Save As". Go to the location where you want to store it and press save.
Matt Loehr, Founder and President of Dare to be Different has led the organization on a national level training healthy married couples to mentor other couples in need of premarital preparation and couples at risk of divorce.
Married to his wife Pam, they both left their corporate careers to pursue their passion and calling into the Marriage Ministry.
As an ordained minister, author, teacher and mentor, Matt's experience gives him a unique blend of insight and wisdom that touch people of all ages.
Matt's passion to protect, build and strengthen marriages makes him a powerful advocate for healthy marriages in this country.
MARRIAGE MENTOR TRAINING
Use a "PDF Editor" to add your own date, time, location, and cost.
Click on your video of choice below, then download from Vimeo.
Invite Couples to a Mentor Training (Option 1)
Invite Couples to a Mentor Training (Option 2)
Sign-Up Cards for couples to "Get Mentored" and to "Be Mentors"
Use this video to allow couples to sign up to be a mentor or to get mentored.
Invite Couples to "Get Mentored"
'ROUND THE BASES TO A BETTER MARRIAGE'
Agenda for 9-Week Class
"Round the Bases to a Better Marriage" PROMO (Option 3)
This is a longer video (2:42) and includes Dr. Emerson Eggerichs. It can be played during service or posted on your social media.
FLIER - "Round the Bases to a Better Marriage" Weekend Seminar (video series)
Right-click on the flier to download it. Add the date/time of your event.
AGENDA - "Round the Bases to a Better Marriage" Weekend Seminar (video series)
"NEVER STOP LAUGHING" Date Night for Couples
A Fun Night for All Couples
This dynamic duo is a must-see! One offers a comedy act, while the other offers a compelling, yet humorous marriage message that most couples can relate with.
A fun date night where couples can laugh while being impacted by a compelling message titled "One Step From Stupid". Couples will find real solutions to the pitfalls in marriage.
Daren Streblow is a world-renowned Christian comedian who has an amazing skill to connect with audiences.
Matt Loehr is a gifted speaker, author, and Founder of Dare to be Different. You will find his message powerful, his story moving and his humor refreshing.
Click Here to download video
SERMON PROMO: How to Fix Your Spouse
This has become the #1 featured sermon requested by churches. You'll find Matt's message powerful and his story moving as he dives deep into God's Word.
"WHO'S GOT YOUR BACK" Men's Conference
- Schedule your conference
- Create a registration page on your church website
- Receive our digital flier to promote
- Play this promo video to promote | <urn:uuid:21f6ba2a-134e-42f3-bec0-cc185121fe72> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.daretobedifferent.com/Promote-Events | 2023-09-22T10:46:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.917803 | 739 |
papAI 7 in Action: Predictive Member Attendance for Fitness Clubs...Read More
Hello, my name is Hermann and I am a Project Manager at Datategy!
I have a passion for finding solutions to real-world problems, and that’s why I pursued an education in the energy field as an engineer. However, during my final internship, I discovered a whole new world of opportunities in the data field. The idea of being able to extract valuable insights from data, regardless of the industry, and help companies improve their performance was a concept that truly captured my imagination. So, I decided to expand my skill set and enrolled in courses to become a data expert. After one year as a data analyst in the energy field and several years as a data engineer in the bank field, I work now as a product Manager in the transport field. Let me tell you, the journey so far has been an absolute thrill ride! I’m loving every moment of it and can’t wait to see where this path takes me next.
What's your role at Datategy ?
At Datategy, I work as a product Manager of an app called Octocity Transport. This position gives me the opportunity to improve my decision and organizational skills since I have to organize, prioritize and manage the work of a team. It also allows having a global vision of the business and a better understanding of the client’s needs. My ultimate goal is to solve issues that customers encounter by developing new features while defining and leading the implementation of the product’s roadmap.
What does your typical workday look like?
My day usually starts at 8h30am by reading my email box and JIRA board to update the list of the actions to perform during the day. Then I work as much as I can on python development tasks before all the interactions with customers and team members starts.
At 10 am the other team members and I are having our daily meeting for about 20 minutes, followed by a personal meeting with some teammates when needed.
During a part of the day, I attend meetings with either customers to get more feedbacks on the solution we provide them or with sales leads to pre-sale Octocity transport Solution. After those meetings I generally need to maintain the backlog, have the UI/UX expert draw mock-ups, and write user stories.
Ultimately at the end of the day (around 5h30 pm) I prepare the list of actions I have to perform the following day.
Tell us a little about the Datategy Octocity Transport solution
Octocity Transport is an app designed to accompany public transport operators in their fight against fraud. Our solution is composed of a Web application a Machine learning algorithm and a Mobile application. The Web application allows managers to deploy their teams, centralize data gathered from the field, and monitor key indicators. We build and maintain a machine learning algorithm that leads transport agents to the right place at the right time to catch a significant number of fraudsters. The Mobile application allows agents on the field to make reports efficiently and receive instructions from our algorithm.
What's your favorite part of your job?
The best part of my job is the satisfaction we can feel after being able to come up with a solution to a client’s issue. This is even more enjoyable when the feature to develop was a huge one, but we succeeded to deliver it on time. Nothing is more gratifying than witnessing a new feature successfully address a customer’s need.
What's your next challenge at Datategy?
One of the main challenges for Octocity Transport is to be able to export our solution abroad. Since the application has been used in the French context for several years now, we need to allow public transport operators from other countries to be aware of what we can do to improve the way they work. To reach that goal the application is growing in many aspects like new data collected to enhance the performance of algorithms, challenge our current algorithm with some brand new approaches, improvement of UI/UX design, and collecting/understanding customer’s needs.
Interested in discovering papAI ?
Our commercial team is at your disposal for any question. | <urn:uuid:b033315a-6deb-4349-bc76-e6c62f657a15> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.datategy.net/2023/02/15/life-at-datategy-hermann-kuetat/ | 2023-09-22T11:46:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.959592 | 853 |
ProducerSpot has launched the Money Grave Bundle, comprising all 3 volumes from the Money Grave sample pack series featuring audio loops, one-shots, MIDI files and FL Studio project files. If you already use FL Studio then this product is a gold mine. It includes 6 FL Studio projects that give you access behind the scene […]
The post Money Grave Bundle by Double Bang Music: 3 sample packs at 58% OFF appeared first on rekkerd.org.
This is a syndicated post. To read more, click the source link above. | <urn:uuid:c35027d0-1d79-45b6-9c8b-a242e910602e> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dawcrash.com/2020/10/12/money-grave-bundle-by-double-bang-music-3-sample-packs-at-58-off/ | 2023-09-22T12:12:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.901087 | 119 |
A surprising number of companies that employ reusable packaging like pallets, containers, and totes don't know exactly how many they have, where they are, and what their status is. "Managing and Tracking Reusable Assets: A Four-Stage Process," an article published by the Reusable Packaging Association (RPA) on its website ( http://www.reusables.org ), offers some advice on how to fill that information gap.
Written by Keith Schall, director of business systems and technology at Container and Pooling Solutions (CAPS), the article outlines four steps to implementing an effective system for tracking and managing reusable assets. In brief, they include:
To read the article, go to http://reusables.org/2365/general/managing-and-tracking-reusable-assets-a-four-stage-process. | <urn:uuid:55e9052a-87b1-47cc-af1b-736237ee4c6c> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dcvelocity.com/articles/26032-four-steps-to-better-management-of-reusable-packaging | 2023-09-22T11:11:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.913415 | 178 |
Dear Isaac Summit,
Hi self. This is really a strange question for you and the entire family: what happened to us? Try to look back and remember what happened to you. Look back at what has happened to the earth with all of those gases hurting our planet in 2017, but we were beginning to change things. If you remember about those factories that emitted CO2. Well let me remind you how it works, both us and factories release CO2 to and that CO2 goes into the atmosphere and the way it is supposed to go is that it mostly goes into space and a little bit comes back to earth. But because of us burning coal and use gases in our cars to go places we have been basically reversing that end process now we are having more gases being reflected and less leaving. But now we have been trying to fix our planet by using clean energy. I just hope that you now don’t have to worry about things that are happening and that you can be able to breathe the freshest air that you can. I also hope that you are able to look outside with a smile and know the world is safe. | <urn:uuid:1466c2c1-deeb-44c8-abf4-0a9cbeb4678e> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.deartomorrow.org/message/dear-isaac-summit/ | 2023-09-22T10:48:42Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.984372 | 229 |
Relational Repair: Examining Process Domains Within and Between Organizations
Relationships are contingent on different levels of trust, affect (a.k.a. emotions), and varying degrees of exchange between those involved. This social and/or economic exchange at the organizational level is a sensitive bond and should be examined carefully. Differing “breaks” in a relational bond bring about differing outcomes (e.g., loss of trust); thereby constituting an examination of what form of relationship repair is appropriate.Relationship repair involves actions by one or both parties to return the relationship to a positive state after disruption causes an influx of negativity.
Defining Relational BreaksThe result of a relationship break brings about differing outcomes (e.g., negative emotions), which require different actions to repair the relationship. Although there is overlap in outcomes with each type of disruption (i.e., lack of trust may lead to negative affect), it is important to examine each break individually.
- Break in trust: relational disruption leads to one or more parties perceiving the other as untrustworthy creating skepticism of integrity.
- Break in positive affect: negative emotions (e.g., anger, frustration) surface and inhibit smooth business and social interactions.
- Break in exchange: cooperation ceases, slows, or becomes destructive, thereby inhibiting productive exchange.
Repairing the RelationshipThrough careful examination of the break in organizational bonds it is possible for damaged relationships to move forward by reestablishing trust, affect, and exchange. Varying tactics to effectively repair each process include:
- Responsible party offers a sincere apology for the untrustworthy actions, clearly displaying penance, and makes plan to restore the trust between them.
- The guilty party displays appropriate actions (e.g., fines), exhibiting penance, and giving open apologies in an attempt to restore social equilibrium within the relationship thereby attempting to restore positive emotions.
- Counterbalance any mistakes through legalistic remedies. That is, implement “controls” (e.g., policies, procedures, contracts, monitoring) that inhibit future negative behavior and ensure positive, productive exchange.
Examining Repair TemporallyUnderstanding the dynamics of the disruption in times of the relational repair is important, but an overall examination at every stage is crucial to preventing disruptions from happening in the first place, repairing disruptions while occurring, and preventing those disruptions from happening again. Aspects to evaluate at each stage of disruption are:
- Pre-disruption: what was the original state of trust, affect, and exchange?
- Disruption: what factors contribute to the disruption?
- Repair: what tactics are used to repair the disruption?
- Post-repair: what is the new state of trust, affect, and exchange?
Take Away PointsOrganizations repairing a problematic relationship with another party should:
- Ensure an understanding of where the problem has arisen. That is, which areas of the relationship (e.g., trust, affect, or exchange) are causing a lack of cooperation?
- Take appropriate actions in order to repair the specified problem areas. Ensure all domains are properly repaired, to prevent relationship relapses.
- Evaluate the process as a whole to ensure a complete understanding of the relationship before, during, and after the repair process.
The DeGarmo GroupThis was a summary of the research and practice implications from: Durks, K.T., Lewicki, R.J., Zaheer, A. (2009). Repairing Relationships Within and Between Organizations: Building a Conceptual Foundation. Academy of Management Review, 34(1), 68-84. (2008). | <urn:uuid:c9d0c636-005b-49ba-8283-f019c7b82084> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.degarmo.com/relational-repair-examining-process-domains-within-and-between-organizations | 2023-09-22T11:22:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.919862 | 760 |
Nancy L. (McDargh) Rowean, age 84, passed away on Monday, August 22, 2022, at her home in East Walpole, Massachusetts, surrounded by her loving family. Born in Boston, Massachusetts on February 16, 1938, she was the daughter of the late Ralph Cook and Helen (Ferris) McDargh. She was raised in Norwood, where she graduated from Norwood High School with the Class of 1955. Nancy continued her education at Boston University, where she earned her bachelors degree.
Nancy married her beloved husband, Louis Francis Rowean, on August 20, 1960, in Saint Catherine of Siena Church, in her hometown of Norwood. The young couple initially made their home in Foxborough, Massachusetts, where Nancy took on the role of a homemaker, raising and caring for her family. In 1965, Nancy and Louis settled into their home in Walpole, where they raised three children, Kim, Cheryl, and Robert. As her children grew up, Nancy took a position with George Najarian, working as a cashier in his store, Curtain Rexall Pharmacy. While home was in Walpole, in her later years, Nancy looked forward to escaping the cold and snow of New England, spending her winter months with Louis in Siesta Key, Florida.
Back at home, Nancy enjoyed working on various projects in and around her home. As a talented artist, she regularly worked with acrylic paint, creating wonderful works that she could share with others. She was a whiz with her knitting needles, crafting various items to give to her family and friends. Outside her house, Nancy cultivated her flower gardens, ensuring they were meticulously arranged and well cared for. After everything at home was in order, Nancy would treat herself to a shopping trip, visiting all the secondhand stores, looking for the best deal on brand name merchandise. While she stayed active, Nancy enjoyed some quiet time too, whether collecting coins or finding a new favorite book. However, most of all, Nancy was dedicated to her family, treasuring the countless memories that were created over the years.
Beloved wife of the late Louis Francis Rowean.
Loving mother of Kim Rowean-Finley and her husband, Michael, of East Walpole, Cheryl A. Berglund of Alaska, and Robert F. Rowean of Hyannis.
Cherished grandmother of Kyle, Colby, Kennedy, and of Stephanie.
Sister of the late Marilyn Roman, the late Marsha Zinnack, and the late Ralph C. McDargh, Jr.
Relatives and friends are kindly invited to attend Nancy's Life Celebration on Monday, August 29, 2022, from 4 to 7 PM in the James H. Delaney & Son Funeral Home, 48 Common Street, Walpole.
All are invited to gather in the funeral home on Tuesday, August 30, 2022, at 9:30 AM, prior to Nancy's Mass of Christian Burial that will be celebrated in Saint Mary's Church, 176 Washington Street, East Walpole at 10:30 AM. Interment will follow in Highland Cemetery in Dover.
In lieu of flowers, memorial donations in Nancy's name may be made to Kindred Hospice Care, 130 Rumford Avenue, # 211, Auburndale, MA 02466. | <urn:uuid:dc95f90d-3378-4fc9-928b-6c42dac452b1> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.delaneyfuneral.com/obituaries/nancy-rowean-1 | 2023-09-22T11:21:51Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.973084 | 684 |
Cannabis connoisseurs know about the entourage effect to boost the potential of cannabis and enhance its ability to create more preferable results. Many people in the CBD (cannabidiol) industry quickly learned about the entourage effect because it is commonly used by marijuana users, which combines cannabidiol with tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9 THC) in marijuana to produce a better effect than when you take THC alone.
Granted, both CBD and THC work favorably well by themselves but what if you could experience these two separately but with their effects enhanced significantly? What if we were to tell you that cannabinoids, such as THC, holds even more potential and you are capable of taking advantage of it using terpenes? In this article, we focus on the entourage effect and how Delta-8 THC works better with terpenes.
What Is The Entourage Effect?
The Entourage Effect is the idea that active cannabis compounds can increase or enhance activity when combined with inactive compounds. The two compounds come together synergistically in the Endocannabinoid System to increase the effects, rather than strictly relying on an isolated compound. In other words, the cannabinoids in a full spectrum hemp product (contains all cannabinoids without extraction and isolation) work together, delivering a greater effect, rather than consuming larger quantities of an isolated product to achieve the same results.
WHEN WAS THE ENTOURAGE EFFECT DISCOVERED?
Just over two decades ago (1998), Professors Raphael Mechoulam and Shimon Ben-Shabat put forward the idea that the Endocannabinoid System demonstrated what is called the “entourage effect”, which utilized a variety of inactive metabolites and molecules with a close relation, increasing the activity of cannabinoids.
DOES THE ENTOURAGE EFFECT REALLY WORK?
A study conducted in 2010 reported that patients who were given a combination of both THC and CBD reported having less pain than those who were given pure THC extract or an extract that contained near-equal levels of THC and CBD. The patients in the study had cancer and suffered from pain. A review of studies published in 2011 in the British Journal of Pharmacology found that taking both cannabinoids and terpenes together may have positive effects with certain conditions.
Entourage Effect and Delta-8 THC: What Is The Relation?
Although the information we have on the Entourage Effect is mostly based on combining Delta-9 THC with other cannabinoids and terpenes, you shouldn’t be surprised that Delta-8 THC works in the same way due to its similarities.
The molecular similarities between Delta-9 and Delta-8 THC show a strong relation. The two have also been known to share many of the same characteristics and effects they deliver. With this knowledge, we can assume that Delta-8 THC can also produce enhanced effects when combined in an Entourage Effect, rather than ingested as an isolate.
What Are Terpenes?
While many people are aware of the cannabinoids in the cannabis plant, very few are aware of the terpenes in them. Terpenes are aromatic compounds that are found in the cannabis plant, though they also exist in many other plants as well. If you were already aware of terpenes, you may associate them with the cannabis plant, however, because the cannabis plant contains much higher concentrations of terpenes compared to others.
The aromatic oils of terpenes are the cause of different scents and flavors in a variety of cannabis strains. For instance, our Cali Orange Kush strain that lives in our Delta-8 THC Cartridge utilizes a terpene profile that delivers the smell and taste of orange and citrus.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF TERPENES
There are as many as 20,000 terpenes that exist, and the cannabis plant produces more than 100 of them. Some of the most common terpenes in cannabis are Myrcene, Limonene, Linalool, Caryophyllene, Eucalyptol, Alpha-Bisabolol, Trans-Nerolido, Humulene, Camphene, Terpinol, Alpha and Beta-Pinene, and many more.
Some of them have citrus, apple, and woody notes to name a few, and are often found in some of the industry’s most iconic strains, such as Skywalker OG (rich in nerolidol) and Strawberry Cough (contains Pinene). Researchers have also found that terpenes not only help with both the smell and taste of cannabis but it also plays a vital role by offering various medical benefits.
How Delta-8 THC Works Better With Terpenes
Delta-8 THC works better with terpenes because the terpenes can be used to enhance Delta-8 or even counteract some of its flaws. To give you a clear example, Leafly, the industry’s go-to source for all things related to cannabis and cannabis strains, shares that the Grand Daddy Purple strain uses myrcene, caryophyllene, and pinene, which may help exhibit better sleep (due to myrcene), while also reducing pain and inflammation (due to both THC and caryophyllene).
To go further in-depth on these terpenes and how Delta-8 THC works better with them, one example included in a review by Dr. Ethan Russo (neurologist and pharmacologist who studies cannabis compounds) titled “Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects” shared that Pinene helps counteract compromised memory caused by THC. There are many more terpenes that can be combined with Delta-8 THC to enhance its effects and boost its powerful benefits.
Our Delta Extrax premium Delta 8 THC products use a combination of both Delta 8 THC distillate and strain-specific terpenes to deliver an enhanced experience beyond what Delta-8 THC commonly offers. We wholeheartedly believe in the Entourage Effect and we believe you will too after using our Delta-8 cartridges. | <urn:uuid:74c47cf7-ca0e-4118-9078-52827521b0f6> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.deltaextrax.com/entourage-effect-delta-8-thc-works-better-with-terpenes/ | 2023-09-22T11:08:16Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.947377 | 1,253 |
Planning ahead – avoiding unnecessary tax charges
Review your Company Articles for Inheritance Tax and succession planning. Should there be a mechanism so that if a business partner dies, the remaining partners can buy their interest? This is possible, but the provisions need to be drafted with care. If the buy-out is automatic on death then Inheritance Tax relief at 100% on the trading company shares can be lost, creating an unnecessary tax charge at 40% on death. Also consider whether shares can be freely sold during lifetime, or whether they can only be passed through the family. Can spouses hold shares and work in the business? If they can then it can impact upon how divorce claims are assessed.
For more information, please contact a member of our team. | <urn:uuid:32441bb0-2296-42c8-9f39-6add33b5e3b0> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.demo.drive.law/latest_insights/planning-ahead-avoiding-unnecessary-tax-charges/ | 2023-09-22T12:04:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.927984 | 152 |
The environment may influence the cell fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells, which are important for making and repairing skeletal tissues such as cartilage, bone, and dental tissues, according to the University of Southern California (USC) Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry.
Shuo Chen, PhD, a postdoctoral scholar and research associate at the USC Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, has discovered that a particular kind of cell known as Runx2 coordinates the transition from mesenchymal stem cell to transit amplifying cell.
This is responsible for the bulk of tissue homeostasis, the researchers said, controlling the incisor growth rate in the mice they were studying. Importantly, they added, Runx2 regulates many parts of the stem cell environment.
Fueled by stem cells, rodent incisors never stop growing throughout the animal’s life, providing an opportunity to study how stem cells work. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that Runx2+ cells are strategically positioned to support the stem cell niche environment.
Also, the cells control how quickly the mouse incisors grew. When the Runx2 gene was deleted, the mice developed shorter incisor teeth. All of these findings add up to a broader knowledge of how the whole dental development and tissue homeostasis system functions, the researchers said.
“This knowledge is crucial for understanding the function of stem cells and forms the foundation for stem cell supported tissue regeneration,” said associate dean of research Yang Chai, PhD, DDS, director of the Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology at USC and coauthor of the study.
One of the biggest challenges in the dental clinic is treating tooth injuries, said Chen.
“Stem cells may be a good choice for tooth regeneration in the future,” Chen said. “It is very important to get a better understanding of the biological behavior and niche environment of stem cells before we use them in the clinic.”
The researchers plan to keep investigating the niche, neighborhood environment of mesenchymal stem cells. They also plan to design a tooth injury model to test how well the Runx2 cells work during tooth regeneration. So far, niche cells for mesenchymal stem cells have yet to be well defined, Chen said, which inspires him to continue the work.
“That is why I decided to be a scientist and focus on stem cell biology,” Chen said.
The study, “Runx2+ Niche Cells Maintain Incisor Mesenchymal Tissue Homeostasis Through IGF Signaling,” was published by Cell Reports. | <urn:uuid:39de43c6-d2a9-4f09-9322-2fd652135344> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dentistrytoday.com/environment-may-impact-stem-cells-ability-to-regenerate-dental-tissue/ | 2023-09-22T12:27:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.935737 | 548 |
The kitchen sink is often one of the most overlooked parts of a kitchen. Not everyone considers a sink as a statement piece, or something at the top of their wishlist. Still, it’s used daily and truly should be a focal point of any renovation or upgrade.
To help you understand all there is, we’ll take a look at 5 of the best kitchen sink materials you should consider. And once you have your mind made up, you can take the next step for installation thanks to bookaplumberonline.com.au.
Stainless Steel Sinks
Stainless steel is an enduring, versatile material for sinks and appliances alike. It’s the most popular kitchen sink choice because of this. Budget, style, and shape can all be catered for, and even colour.
Basins can be installed as undermount, overmount/drop-in or farmhouse, complementing a range of benchtops. Whether you have marble, laminate, stone, wood or granite, a stainless steel kitchen sink will suit.
Shape is also no restriction, so there’s no need to limit creativity. Choose from double bowl sinks, single bowl insets, round, square or rectangular sinks… the possibilities are endless. In reality, the only downside to consider is that it shows water marks and scratches easily.
Still, where traditional mirrored stainless steel can show imperfections, a brushed or satin finish hides them. Alternatives such as brushed brass, gunmetal and copper also offer flexibility in colour selections.
Composite (Granite, Quartz)
When you’re after a classy, durable material, you want composite granite or composite quartz. The best composite sinks include 80% of the main material, mixed and blended with high-quality acrylic.
Composite sinks are incredibly easy to maintain as the non-porous stone surface does not show water marks, and is hard to scratch or damage. Many claim that composite materials are the best option, and the long-lasting qualities ensure it has a slight edge on stainless steel. The price likely reflects the additional benefits, although composite sinks typically sit in an affordable range.
Granite composite and quartz composite sinks are available in a variety of styles and colours, including reliable blacks, browns, greys and white. There is always a shade to suit, whether it’s a dark statement or lighter undermount sink. To really show off the colour and texture, consider a composite farmhouse sink.
Enamel (Cast Iron)
Cast iron sinks offer a porcelain-like appearance with added durability thanks to the outer enamel coating. The enamel cast iron sink is smooth, classic, and can be found in homes of all eras. There’s no risk of cracking or chipping, and you can rest assured that there will never be any complaints about performance.
Many enamel kitchen sinks feature as statement farmhouse sink pieces. However, they also make for great drop-in options. The traditional aesthetic means you can enjoy an antique vibe in a historic home, or go for country-chic in something more modern.
One of the main considerations when installing an enamel sink is the undersink support. They are weighty, meaning you need more support than a simple stainless steel sink. Other similar options include fireclay, which has the same look and feel, but is less likely to stain or scratch.
Natural materials like stone, or even wood, provide depth and beauty. And while composite sinks are a more affordable option, if you want the real thing and have cash to splash, go for a pure stone kitchen sink.
The likes of pure granite, quartz and marble will create a major statement in any home. Each material is unique as there’s no mold or mixture – everything is pure stone with natural variations and texture. You can rest assured that your stone sink is one of a kind. However, they do lack the traditional in-built extension for draining dishes, so you will likely need additional drying accessories.
The stone also provides a beautiful juxtaposition to softer elements, or lighter colours. Alternatively, a stone sink can be an extension of your benchtop, allowing smooth lines to flow throughout.
It’s undeniable that copper sinks provide a dazzling first impression. Copper is a high-end feature that never corrodes or rusts. As an investment piece for the kitchen, you can remain confident that everyone’s going to love your copper kitchen sink.
However, maintenance does require some extra attention. Copper fixtures, including tapware, will need to be dried regularly to reduce the risk of water marks forming. It can also tarnish, hence the need for specialised cleaning.
The main consideration for copper will be the cost. As one of the most expensive materials in the list, you want to be 100% sure about what you want. If you are investing in a copper kitchen sink, it should be able to stand on its own as a statement piece. | <urn:uuid:2fe881e8-ab80-4a45-8340-6e5e432e7129> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.designswan.com/archives/5-kitchen-sink-materials-you-should-consider.html | 2023-09-22T11:09:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.933344 | 1,034 |
99 Derby Street
Destefanis Financial Services (DFS) is an independent financial service firm located in Hingham, MA that works with individuals of all ages and life stages, pre-retirees, retirees, women, working professionals, couples, families, business owners and individuals who experience sudden wealth. We learn through discussion what is important to our clients and address client's financial concerns and questions. Many of our clients are located within the Greater Boston area as well as various states throughout the country. Our firm is committed to upholding the highest level of integrity, trust, loyalty and service to each of our clients. Our Founder and President, John Destefanis, has been working with clients for over 30 years. Cristina Destefanis, John's oldest daughter, joined the team in 2014. Together, they have developed a team equipped to serve client's today and for generations to come.
Years of experience have prepared us to guide you through life's transitions. Our first priority is helping you take care of yourself and your family. We want to learn about your personal situation, identify your dreams and goals, and understand your tolerance for risk. Long-term relationships that encourage open and honest communication have been the cornerstone of our foundation of success.
President & Financial Advisor
Our reasons for becoming financial professionals are deeply personal. We repeatedly saw many friends and family struggling to find the help they needed to map out their financial future. We are confident that with our understanding of personal finance, coupled with our training as financial professionals, we can help people better prepare for the future. After years in the business, we have developed a reputation for educating individuals in an easy-to-understand manner so they can grasp personal finance and use those concepts to pursue their financial objectives. | <urn:uuid:caf2872b-b3ca-46be-b1f0-07f49cd154f8> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dfsfinancial.net/test-about-us-redesign | 2023-09-22T11:57:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.966537 | 375 |
Style your bedroom in a look you're sure to love! The wire-brushed finish of this set adds a unique touch to its transitional design. Matching case goods boast wood detailed panels and metal bar handles.
Wire-Brushed Rustic Brown Finish or Wire-Brushed White Finish
Handle & Hardware Description
Metal Bar Handles
Wire-Brushed Rustic Brown
Carton Cubic Feet
Number of Cartons
Item & Dimensions
Furniture of America
The Rexburg Transitional Media Chest with 3 Drawers and Open Top Shelf, made by Furniture of America,
is brought to you by Dream Home Interiors. Dream Home Interiors is a local furniture store, serving the Cumming, Kennesaw, Alpharetta, Marietta, Atlanta, Georgia area. Product availability may vary.
Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
The Rexburg collection is an amazing option if you are looking for Transitional furniture. Our store serves the Cumming, Kennesaw, Alpharetta, Marietta, Atlanta, Georgia area.
These images are representative of this group as a whole and may differ from this item. | <urn:uuid:20b9385b-1956-4531-8ee2-423b7c350adc> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dhifurniture.com/item/rexburg-media-chest/129154328 | 2023-09-22T12:57:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.786871 | 303 |
Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the two names that come to mind when one things of the United Arab Emirates. However, the UAE has five more Emirates or cities. Although not as popular as Dubai and Abu Dhabi, these Emirate cities too offer some interesting places to see and things to do. Moreover, the best part is that as these Emirates are not very well known, you would find them to be less crowded. So if you want to take a break from the hustle-bustle and crowd of Abu Dhabi and Dubai but still want to have a good time, heading to Sharjah and Ajman would be a good idea.
Places to Visit in Sharjah
Sharjah is eclectic mix of culture and modernity. Although the city may not be as advanced as the other Emirates, Dubai and Abu Dhabi, Sharjah still has wonderful attractions that imbibe modernity and tradition. Sharjah is developing fast as a holiday destination and will soon compete with the other Emirates. There is a lot you can see, do and experience in Sharjah. Here are few awesome places in Sharjah. Checkout this Guide to follow for do and don’ts for Dubai.
1.The Sharjah Art Museum
Sharjah is the art centre of the Middle East. This fact is very significant because there are strict rules regarding art in Islam. This is the reason why there aren’t many art museums and exhibitions in the Middle East. But the Sharjah Art Museum is the largest art museum in U.A.E. A total of 72 galleries, spread across 3 floors hosts art from H.H. Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qassimi, the ruler of Sharjah’s collection. There are also paintings by 18th Century painters who were influenced by the Middle East. In the contemporary section, there are paintings by more than 300 modern artists. Sharjah Art Museum is always packed with tourists and is must-visit place.
With more than 600 shops to sell you everything from gold to hand-woven carpets, the Blue Souk is Sharjah’s favorite place to shop. It is also known as Sharjah’s Central Market, and is a good place to experience traditional market shopping. Though the place looks like a mall from outside, adorned with stylish blue tiles, from the inside, it is set up to look like a traditional market place. Rows and rows of stalls selling everything from souvenirs, clothing, spices, antiques, jewelry, etc., will make you think you are in an Arabian market in the middle ages. There are different sections for specialized products. And if you are hungry, there are many cafes as well serving delicious food and beverage. Therefore, make sure your itinerary has some leisure shopping time.
3.Sharjah Natural History Museum and Desert Park
A place for nature and history lovers, the Sharjah Natural History Museum and Desert Park is where lost and historical flora and fauna come alive. It is divided into 3 sections – Natural History Museum, The Children’s Farm, and Arabian Wildlife Centre. Natural History Museum showcases the natural history of the world, and of the Middle East. At The ChildrenÍs Farm, children can interact with farm and domestic animals, and even learn about them. At The Arabian Wildlife Centre, there are live samples of a rare flora, and there are recreated statues of lost Fauna, and information about them. The famous Geology Section carries in-depth knowledge on the origins of the world, and draws the most tourists. The Sharjah Natural History Museum is a place rich with knowledge, and you will leave this place feeling a lot smarter.
The Sharjah Aquarium is the largest government education centre in the country. This massive aquarium is home to more 150 species and serves the dual purpose of an aquarium and a conservatory. There are close to more than 20 different aquariums spread over 2 massive floors. You can see marine life like eels, rays, reef sharks, and other rare species. Sharjah Aquarium is also home to a lot of knowledge on U.A.E.’s coastline and also holds marine creatures exclusive to the area. It is a great place to spend a day, and feel like you are actually living under the sea.
5.Sharjah Heritage Area
If you want to step back into the Bedouin era and know how life was for the Emiratis in the past, you must spend some time at the Sharjah Heritage Area. The place consists of a group of museums including the Sharjah Heritage Museum, Al Midfaa House, Hisn Fort, etc. You get to see a traditional, open courtyard souk that sells everything from jewelry to traditional garments. You can see a traditional family home at Al Midfaa House where you get to learn about the literature and culture of the place. You can also check out the wind tower of this house. On the other hand, you can get to know about the history of Sharjah at the Al Hisn Fort, which was the home of the ruling family of Sharjah. Moreover, with the entry fee around AED10, this is also one of the cheap places to visit in Sharjah.
6.Sharjah Archeology Museum
The Sharjah Archeology Museum takes you back to the past of the city, even earlier than the Bedouin era. In fact, the museum displays the proof of existence of the city since Stone Age. Apart from Stone Age, the exhibits would take you through Obaid Period, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, etc. Some of the highlights of the museum include the ceramic dome, the camel statue, the ivory comb inside an alabaster bowl, a golden birdle, etc. If you want to miss the place thinking that your kids would be bored, you must know that the museum organizes fun games to keep little children entertained.
7.Al Corniche Beach is the Best free place to visit in Sharjah
If you are looking for places to visit in Sharjah for free, it would be the beaches of the city. You would find plenty of public beaches in the city and one of the best is the Al Corniche Beach. The beach has three sections, one dedicated to families, the second dedicated to singles and the third for the general public. It would be a perfect beach to visit if you want to just relax and watch the beauty of the beach and the ocean. If lounging in the soft white sand is not enough for you, you can also choose to swim in the clear blue waters and even indulge in surfing.
Places to visit in Sharjah at night
1.Al Noor Mosque
Every Emirate in U.A.E. has a culturally significant mosque and the Al Noor Mosque is the one in Sharjah.Though the mosque is not very old, it is the first mosque that opened doors to expats and tourists as her highness, Sheikha Jawaher bint Mohammed al Qassimi, wanted the tourist to see the beauty and culture of Islam in U.A.E. Since then, the number of tourists has only increased, who come to see the beautiful Turkish Ottoman architecture, the pools, the minarets and the world record breaking wooden charity box that was installed in 2014. Al Noor Mosque promises peace, quiet and divine feeling to everyone who visits.
Start off at a fun place. Al Qasba is the place where quite a few attractions of Sharjah are located, including the Eye of the Emirates Ferris wheel. You just have to take a ride aboard. It reaches a height of 60 metres, and you can see views upto 50 kilometres wide. It will be an exciting ride while the view will be truly spectacular. It is surely one of the best places to visit in Sharjah at night. Once down, there are many restaurants, cafes, and retail centers to have a good, leisurely time. There is also a canal, where you can take a ride in a traditional abra. You can also visit the Al Qasba theatre and catch the latest concert. Al Qasba is the best place to experience the lifestyle of the people of Sharjah.
Places to Visit in Ajman
Known to be the smallest emirate with just 260 square kilometer area, Ajman is hardly known to tourists. While you may not be able to see too many towering buildings and enormous complexes in this Emirates city, there are several interesting things to see here. Also, if you are interested in a leisurely holiday, this is the perfect place to go to. The best part is that even though the city focuses on business and tourism for its main income, it still upholds the oldest occupation of fishing and pearl diving. With this note, let us take a look at the best Ajman tourist places.
1.Ajman National Museum
The best way to know about any place is to visit its museum. The Emirate city of Ajman offers you the Ajman National Museum where you would be able to trace back the history of the city. The museum is located inside the 18th century fortress, which is one of the oldest fortress of the country as well as the residence of the ruling family. While the fortress with its watchtowers, wind towers and gateway flanked by giant cannons, is itself quite interesting, the exhibits are surely even more interesting. You would get to know everything about the past of the locals including their lifestyle, occupation, weapons used, etc. You would find the specimens of excavations from the nearby areas in this museum.
2.Ajman Dhow Building Yard
One of the best things to do in Ajman is visiting the dhow building yard in the city. Not only is it the largest dhow yard in the entire world, but you also get to see the process of building the traditional dhows in the old-fashioned way. In other words, the craftsmen build the dhows using the traditional methods and tools used by their forefathers. But the best part is that all this is done without any blueprint. Apart from the dhows, you would also get to see the construction of fiberglass dhows that are used for racing at this dhow yard. If you find this interesting, this is surely a place to visit when in Ajman.
One of the landmarks of Ajman is surely the Etisalat Tower. This seven-storied building may not be Burj Khalifa, but its architecture and structure make it one of the unique buildings in UAE. Covered in pink and blue colors, the building is truly modern with the architectural elements seen in a mosque. However, the highlight of the building is the giant ball-like structure at the top of the building. It is known as the giant gold ball. Due to its size of the ball, it can be seen from anywhere in the city. The building symbolizes the much needed as well as the ongoing development and modernization of the city of Ajman, and hence worth seeing.
Ajman has the best coastline in entire UAE and hence has the best beaches in the country. Most of the beaches are private properties of hotels or luxury resorts and offer you amazing beach facilities. Even if you are a guest at one of these beach-facing hotels, you can easily get a pass, spend a day of leisure at one of the beaches and enjoy the beautiful weather, the white sand and the blue waters. If you are lucky, you can also spot dolphins at the beaches of Ajman. Another great place to visit would be the Ajman Corniche where you would enjoy a beautiful stretch of beach, cafes, restaurants and entertainment too. Some other places that you can visit in Ajman include Al Zorah Natural Reserve, Al Murabaa Watchtower, Sheikh Zayed Ajman Mosque, etc.
Sharjah and Ajman do not promise too much glitz and glamour. However, they do promise a fair dose of culture, recreation and a peaceful holiday. So, next time you plan to visit the UAE, check out these Emirate cities too. | <urn:uuid:d5778205-077a-47e1-8d7d-eaf98f86523e> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dhowcruiseindubai.com/blog/places-to-visit-in-sharjah-and-ajman/ | 2023-09-22T10:32:27Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.95853 | 2,512 |
Born-digital dissertations are usually represented by a single pdf. Where an older typescript has been photographed the pdf is split into parts as these image-based files are considerably larger.
[In the interest of saving time recent additions to this resource have not been provided with an abstract. If you would like to type up an abstract and submit it please do.]
Margaret Bent, The Old Hall Manuscript: a palaeographical study (PhD, Cambridge, 1968)
Nearly everything that has been written about the organisation and origins of the Old Hall manuscript (OH) has rested upon certain assumptions about the quiring of the manuscript and the identity of the scribes. These assumptions originate in casual or unscientific descriptions in the writings of Barclay Squire, Ramsbotham and Dom Anselm Hughes, and while many other things have been questioned, new theories have been constantly re-erected on the same foundations. It seemed to me that the only way of testing any of these hypotheses and, should they be found wanting, of seeking substitutes for them, was to start afresh on the manuscript itself.
Jacques Boogaart, 'O Series Summe Rata'. The Motets of Guillaume de Machaut: The Ordering of the Corpus and the Coherence of Text and Music
For abstract please see the summary in English.
BoogaartAppendix.pdf -- appendix of music editions
Roger Bowers, Choral Institutions within the English Church:- Their constitution and development 1340–1500 (PhD, University of East Anglia, 1975)
[Taken from Introductory notes:] This thesis deals with the history of English liturgical choirs between the years 1340 and 1500. It seeks to enlighten the history of pre-Reformation English church music by relating to it the history of the personnel to whom its performance was entrusted.
Jessica Lynn Chisholm, Upon the Square: an ex tempore and compositional practice in fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century England (PhD, Rutgers University, 2012)
References to “sqwars,” “sqwarenote,” “square song,” and “bokys of squaris” appear in various English ecclesiastical archival records, but the precise meaning of the term and its practices has yet to be fully understood. Aside from these textual examples, the only source where the term appears specifically in connection with musical notation is LonBL 17802-5 (the Gyffard Partbooks) which includes three Masses entitled “Upon the Square,” one by William Whitbroke (c.1501-1569) and two by William Mundy (c.1528-1591). Based on these Masses and other fragmentary evidence, the term square has come to be defined by modern scholars as a melody in measured notation (usually for tenor voice range), that most likely originated as the lowest part of a previously existing polyphonic composition (usually for three-voices), and was extracted for use in one or more later compositions.
Extant compositional evidence further suggests that squares derived from the practices of formulaic improvisation and ex tempore performance as described in contemporary theoretical treatises; perhaps as an “intermediary” phenomena, between preexistent melodies such as chant, and complex polyphonic compositions that are in turn based upon the preexistent melody. In other words, squares seem to have involved extemporizing or composing upon a melody that was once extemporized or composed upon a melody.
This study explores the extent to which this practice was used within English preand post-Reformation sacred music. It concerns both the origin and creation of squares as an extension of the practical training used by period musicians, and the use of squares in further polyphonic settings throughout the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. In particular, this study aims to demonstrate the variety of uses for these melodies, including how some squares may have been tailored for the liturgical needs of individual parishes and churches; as well as provide a window into the general methodology of fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century elaboration and composition.
Alice V. Clark, Concordare cum Materia: The Tenor in the Fourteenth-century Motet (PhD, Princeton University, 1996)
This study takes as its starting point the description of motet composition by Egidius de Murino, who says that the tenor should “concord with the matter” of the motet to be written. The repertory under consideration at this stage is the French tradition of the mid-fourteenth century, mostly transmitted in the complete-work manuscripts of Guillaume de Machaut…
James Cook, Mid-Fifteenth-Century English Mass Cycles in Continental Sources (PhD, University of Nottingham, 2014)
Fifteenth-century English music had a profound impact on mainland Europe, with several important innovations (e.g. the cyclic cantus firmus Mass) credited as English in origin. However, the turbulent history of the Church in England has left few English sources for this deeply influential repertory. The developing narrative surrounding apparently English technical innovations has therefore often focussed on the recognition of English works in continental manuscripts, with these efforts most recently crystallised in Curtis and Wathey’s ‘Fifteenth-Century English Liturgical Music: A List of the Surviving Repertory’. The focus of discussion until now has generally been on a dichotomy between English and continental origin. However, as more details emerge of the opportunities for cultural cross-fertilisation, it becomes increasingly clear that this may be a false dichotomy.
This thesis re-evaluates the complex issues of provenance and diffusion affecting the mid-fifteenth-century cyclic Mass. By breaking down the polarization between English and continental origins, it offers a new understanding of the provenance and subsequent use of many Mass cycles.
Karen M Cook, Theoretical Treatments of the Semiminim in a Changing Notational World c.1315–c.1440 (PhD, Duke University, 2012)
A semiminim is typically defined as a note value worth half a minim, usually drawn as a flagged or colored minim. That definition is one according to which generations of scholars have constructed chronologies and provenances for fourteenth- and fifteenth-century music and the people who created it. ‘Semiminims’ that do not match this definition are often portrayed in modern scholarship as anomalous, or early prototypes, or evidence of poor education, or as peculiarities of individual preference. My intensive survey of the extant theoretical literature from the earliest days of the Ars Nova through c. 1440 reveals how the conceptualization and codification of notation occurred in different places according to different fundamental principles, resulting not in one semiminim but a plethora of related small note values.
These phenomena were dynamic and unstable, and a close study of them helps to clarify a range of historical issues. Localized traditions have often been strictly bounded in scholarly literature; references to French, Italian, and English notation are commonplace. I explain notational preferences in Italy, England, central Europe, and the rest of western Europe with regard to these small note values but demonstrate that theorists educated in each of these places routinely incorporated portions of other traditions. This process began long before the ‘ars subtilior,’ dating at least to the time of Franco of Cologne. Rarely were regional traditions truly isolated; the various aspects of semiminim-family note values were debated and adapted for decades across these cultural and geographical boundaries. The central theme of my research is to show how and why the theoretical conceptualization of these myriad small note values is key to understanding the continual merging of these local preferences into a more amalgamated style of notation by the mid-fifteenth century.
Ralph Patrick Corrigan, The Music Manuscript 2216 in the Bologna University Library: the copying and context of a fifteenth-century choirbook (PhD, University of Manchester, 2011)
Julia Craig-McFeely, English Lute Manuscripts and Scribes 1530–1630 (DPhil, University of Oxford, 1993)
An examination of the place of the lute in 16th- and 17th-century English society through a study of the English lute manuscripts of the so-called ‘Golden Age’, including a comprehensive catalogue of the sources.
Michael Scott Cuthbert, Trecento Fragments and Polyphony Beyond the Codex (PhD, Harvard University, 2006)
This thesis seeks to understand how music sounded and functioned in the Italian trecento based on the examination of all the surviving sources, rather than only the most complete. A majority of surviving sources of Italian polyphonic music from the period 1330-1420 are fragments; most, the remnants of lost manuscripts. Despite their numerical dominance, music scholarship has viewed these sources as secondary…
Karen Desmond, Behind the Mirror: revealing the contexts of Jacobus's Speculum musicae (PhD, NewYork University, 2009)
Lawrence M. Earp, Scribal practice, manuscript production and the transmission of music in late medieval France: the manuscripts of Guillaume de Machaut (PhD, Princeton University, 1983)
This dissertation is a study of the seven principal MSS transmitting the musical works of Guillaume de Machaut. The first chapter refines our knowledge of the complex of musical and textual MSS, and the theoretical citations that witness Machaut•s works, as well as the evidence of lost MSS. In chapter two, new observations about the structure and internal. organization of the contents of the larger MSS have revised the current picture. MS Par. fr. 1584 (A} has an index prescriptive of an order not consistently carried out as the MS was copied, usually due to spacing requirements. The index order is compelling chronologically for a group of rondeaux, supporting Hoepffner•s thesis that Machaut•s works follow each other more-or-less chronologically in the MSS. On art historical grounds, Fran~ois Avril has recently placed the MS Par. fr. 1586 (C), formerly thought to be from the 15th century, in the early 1350s. The early date helps to bridge the chronological gap in sources for the polyphonic chanson. Scribal indications and literary evidence now suggest that polyphonic chansons by Machaut were first composed in the 1340s.
Chapter three focuses on the copying of text and music-in the MSS. Regardless of the style of the music, text was always entered first. This was a guiding principle in French MSS throughout the 14th and early l5th century, and bears upon questions of texting in 15th-century sources. Chapter four considers aspects of the transmission of the works, both evidence from the texts of the narrative poems, and readings for musical works. Mechanical copying errors are distinguished from notational problems. Some notational irregularities can be tied to chronological developments, others seem to be designed to facilitate performance by less literate musicians. Particularly interesting are variants in many lais in the MS Par. fr. 9221 (E), copied in the 1390s. Radical rearrangement of the disposition of text and music suggests the intervention of someone actively interested in their performance.
An appendix supplies information on the physical makeup of the principal MSS, and information on the disposition of miniatures among the HSS.
Warwick A. Edwards, The sources of Elizabethan consort music (PhD, Cambridge University, 1974)
The main part of the dissertation is concerned with a detailed investigation of all known sources which contain consort music estimated to have been written during the period 1550 to 1600 approximately. These are over eighty in number (mainly manuscripts) and range in date from c1570 to the mid-seventeenth century. A second volume is devoted to a thematic catalogue in which the entire repertory, listed under individual sources in Volume One, is collected together and classified.
David Fallows, Robert Morton's Songs: a study of styles in the mid-fifteenth century (PhD, Berkeley, 1973)
May Hofman, The Survival of Latin Sacred Music by English Composers 1485–1610 (DPhil, University of Oxford, 1977)
Volume 1: Thematic catalogue of Tudor church music in Latin with a checklist of continental Latin pieces in Tudor MSS. Vol II Commentary. As these files are page images they are large, particularly vol. II.
Peter Martin Lefferts, The Motet in England in the Fourteenth Century (PhD, Columbia University, 1983)
The history of polyphonic music in late medieval England is difficult to reconstruct on account of the paucity of intact sources, the concomitant lack of a substantial number of complete pieces, and the difficulty with which the surviving repertoire can be associated with any specific institutions or social milieu. Nonetheless, there are significant scattered remains, and this study endeavors to examine in detail one important genre, the motet…
Irmgard Lerch, Fragmente aus Cambrai: Ein Beitrag zur Rekonstruktion einer Handschrift mit spätmittelalterlicher Polyphonie (PhD, University of Göttingen, 1985)
John Milsom, English Polyphonic Style in Transition: a study of the sacred music of thomas Tallis (DPhil, Oxford, 1983)
Adelyn Peck Leverett, A Paleographical and Repertorial Study of the Manuscript Trento, Castello del Buonconsiglio, 91 (1378)(PhD, Princeton University, 1990)
This dissertation is an analysis of Trent 91, one of the series of fifteenth-century musical manuscripts known collectively as the Trent Codices. Trent 91 contains a large repertory of sacred music, most of it anonymously and uniquely preserved. The following study defines, for the first time, that repertory’s pivotal place in the larger context of musical developments during the Renaissance.
Gilles Rico, Music in the Arts Faculty of Paris in the Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries (DPhil, University of Oxford, 2005)
In the thirteenth-century, the city of Paris witnessed the birth of the University, the gradual penetration of the new philosophical paradigm of Aristotelianism and the emergence of a new theoretical discourse dealing with the measurement and notation of musical time. Scholars have attempted to find correlations between these three distinct phenomena. Focusing on music theory sources and on other indirect testimonies, they have never satisfactorily approached the central question of the teaching of music in the Arts faculty of Paris. The objective of the present study is precisely to explore this terra incognita.
Nicholas Sandon, The Henrican Partbooks Belonging to Peterhouse: A Study, with Restorations of the Incomplete Compositions Contained in them (PhD, University of Exeter, 1983)
This dissertation examines Cambridge, University Library, Peterhouse mss 471–474, four partbooks from a set of five copied late in the reign of Henry VIII, which contain seventy-two pieces of Latin church music.
Uri Smilansky, Rethinking Ars Subtilior: Context, Language, Study and Performance (PhD, University of Exeter, 2010)
This dissertation attempts to re-contextualise the late fourteenth and early fifteenth century musical phenomenon now referred to as the Ars subtilior, in terms of our modern understanding of it, as well as its relationship to wider late medieval culture. In order to do so I re-examine the processes used to formulate existing retrospective definitions, identify a few compelling reasons why their re-evaluation is needed, and propose an alternative approach towards this goal.
Robert Snow, The Manuscript Strahov D. G. IV. 47 (PhD, Illinois, 1968)
Jason Stoessel, The Captive Scribe: The context and culture of scribal and notational process in the music of the ars subtilior (PhD, University of New England, 2002)
The extant scribal record of the music of the ars subtilior is considered in terms of the reception of this musical style within particular cultural contexts. The first part of this study re-examines the two principal sources (F-CH!564 and I-MOe5.24) of a partially shared ars subtilior repertoire and concludes that, despite the presence in part of a repertoire ostensibly composed north of the Alps (c. 1380-1395), these manuscripts were compiled in or close to major centres on the Italian peninsula (Florence and Pisa/Bologna/Florence respectively). These conclusions form the background to the second part of this study that identifies cultural tendencies/influences in the notation of musical rhythm in the ars subtilior repertoire.
Brian Trowell, Music under the later Plantagenets (PhD, University of Cambridge, 1960)
Caveat: some parts of the pages are quite pale and difficult to read. We hope to replace this with a better copy taken from Prof. Trowell's personal annotated copy at some time in the near future. These are images of the pages so the files are large.
Jean Widaman, The Mass Ordinary Settings of Arnold de Lantins: A Case Study in the Transmission of Early Fifteenth-century Music (PhD, Brandeis University, 1988)
Arnold de Lantins, a composer widely represented in the musical sources of the 1420s and 1430s and a singer in the papal chapel from 1431 to 1432, stood at the forefront of stylistic developments of the early fifteenth century, yet his music is hardly known among music historians and performers today. Although he was one of the first composers to link the Gloria and Credo by motto beginnings and to write a complete, musically unified Mass cycle, few of his Ordinary settings are available in modern transcription and little has been written about them.
Magnus Williamson, The Eton Choirbook: Its Institutional and Historical Background (DPhil, University of Oxford, 1997)
The Eton Choirbook (Eton College Library, MS 178) is one of the most important English musical codices surviving from the century before the Reformation. Its significance derives from its size and quality; from its value as a source of unica; and from its unbroken association with its host institution, one of the foremost royal foundations of the late Middle Ages. | <urn:uuid:86f0bed0-dcd4-4a21-8265-76d65f5517d7> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.diamm.ac.uk/resources/doctoral-dissertations/ | 2023-09-22T11:32:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.931012 | 3,924 |
As a woman you would hope that the person who did the most romantic thing for you would be your boyfriend or better yet your husband, right? Wrong! The clients of escorts have put many husbands to shame over the past few years that I have been working with the escorts company, and tonight was no different.
He was a chef. Tonight was the opening of his first chain of restaurants. When I arrived the party had finished but the arura and the aroma was in the atmosphere. He greeted me as he always did with a passionate kiss on the lips. I allowed myself to be drowned in his kiss as his hands slid down to rest lightly on my ass. After we pulled away he led me to the small patio which was an extension of his restaurant.
Small lanterns where hung along the walls, making it appear as though there were a glow in the room. Soft music played in the background. I could see a table that was set with dinner for two but he didn’t walk towards the table, instead he placed my purse on the table closest to us and held me close. I allowed him to take the lead as he glided me across the floor. He told me once that he learned to dance just to impress his girlfriend.
We stopped in the middle of the dance floor and captured my lips once again as he stroked my face gently. He lifted my dress over my head and threw it on one of the tables.
“Seems like you get more beautiful every time I see you,” he smiled.
I press against him and lift my lips to his. He holds my ass and pulls me tight enough so I could feel his cock through his pants. I push my hands into his pants and stroked his cock smiling at the small sticky spot that was already on his underwear. I skilfully unbuckle his belt, unbutton his pants and unzip his pants release his cock. I brush my hand against him and he moans in my hair.
I gently pushed him backwards until the back of his legs were against a chair. I push him down gently then I take my position between his legs. I easily swallow his cock and he moans placing his hand on my head to pushing it up and down against his cock. I grazed my teeth against him and I felt him shudder below me.
He pulls me up and turns me around. He bites my ass playfully before lowering me onto his cock. I tease him as I slid onto him slowly just allowing the tip of him into my pussy. He tried to pull me down put I look back at him and shake my head laughing heartily as I notice the look of frustration on his face.
I rotate my pussy on the tip of his cock and he squeezes my waist tightly. I slid down some more on him and he tenses. I rise again and continue to do so until my pussy has covered his cock. I hold onto his thighs as move of him. I allowed him to set the speed which he adjusted. I stand and straddle him on the chair and take his lips with mine, my breasts brushing against his shirt. My hands quickly discarded his shirt, his lightly hairy chest now brushing against my sensitive breasts. He leans me back and takes one breast into his mouth then the other. I put my hands behind me and pressed against his thighs and continued to rock over his cock. Without warning he lifts me and braces me against one of the walls.
My legs wrap around his waist as he fucks me. The coldness against the wall feels cool against my now wet skin. We make out as though we’re high school lovers, our moans filling the small room quickly. We eventually slide to the floor where we lay for a few minutes before I stood with my hands on the base of a chair with my ass and pussy arched towards his cock.
I moaned as his cock entered me. He lifted one of my legs over his shoulder and I screamed out in pleasure as he fucked me hard.
“Do you like that?”
“Fuck baby yes,” I almost screamed at him.
His cock felt good. I felt good. Hell I was almost over the top. His hand found my clit and I couldn’t hold it back and more I climaxed. He didn’t stop though he kept fucking me. I turned back to look at him and he had a smug look on his face as though he was paying me back for the teasing I did to him earlier.
He pulled out of me and opened my legs. He knelt behind me and used the length of his tongue on my pussy. I pushed back into him and he shook his face into my pussy playfully. He opened my pussy tasting it, licking it, sucking it. I felt my knees buckle a few times under the pleasure. He took mercy on me and put me to sit as he straddled my legs around his neck before once again attending to the pleasures of my pussy.
Once again he found my clit and together with his fingers fucking me I squirted all over him. Once my clit has been sensitized by the first orgasm it was useless trying not to have another one. This was one of the things he loves about me, my ability to squirt all over him. Some men love breasts and he loves to see me squirt.
He lifts me up and takes a seat on the chair and pulls me down on his lap to sit. We hold each other as I nuzzle into his neck. I listen to our heart rates and our breathing as they slowly get back to normal. He turned to me and smiled, “Are you ready to have dinner?” | <urn:uuid:b892799a-4727-44b2-a9ef-ed10d0e06886> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.diamond-escorts.com/blog/party-after-party | 2023-09-22T10:49:31Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.994721 | 1,177 |
Ga·mal Ab·del [guh-mahl-ab-dool, juh-], /gəˈmɑl ˈæb dʊl, dʒə-/, 1918–70, Egyptian military and political leader: prime minister of Egypt 1954–56; president of Egypt 1956–58; president of the United Arab Republic 1958–70.
Lake, a reservoir in SE Egypt, formed in the Nile River S of the Aswan High Dam; S part, in N Sudan, named Lake Nubia. About 300 miles (500 km) long; 6 miles (10 km) wide.
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023
How to use Nasser in a sentence
Only time will tell whether mainstream audiences will buy into esports performance wear, but in the meantime, pros like NBA 2K League’s Nasser hope to see more products down the line to address gamers’ needs.Gamer gloves and compression sleeves: Does performance wear matter in esports? | Gregory Leporati | September 2, 2021 | Washington Post
Last year, Nasser signed an endorsement deal with basketball apparel brand Point 3 to help design gaming shorts with towel-like fabric — called “DRYV technology” — built into them for quick and easy hand drying.Gamer gloves and compression sleeves: Does performance wear matter in esports? | Gregory Leporati | September 2, 2021 | Washington Post
According to its spokesman, the Nasser Salahuddin Brigades are the third-largest paramilitary group in Gaza.A Who’s Who of Iran’s Favorite Palestinian Terrorists | IranWire | August 13, 2014 | THE DAILY BEAST
Her name is Sheikha Mozah Bint Nasser Al-Missned, and she was until recently the wife of the emir of Qatar.Why You’ve Never Heard of the World’s Best-Dressed Royal | Keli Goff | April 9, 2014 | THE DAILY BEAST
Ayman al-Zawahiri, Nasser al-Wuhayshi, and Hamza al-Ghamdi stayed with him, along with a handful of Saudi guards.Meet al Qaeda’s New General Manager: Nasser al-Wuhayshi | Eli Lake | August 9, 2013 | THE DAILY BEAST
Alayban is one of the six wives of Saudi Prince Abdulrahman bin Nasser bin Abdulaziz al Saud, a grandson of King Abdullah.The Princess & the Peon: Saudi Royal’s Slave Labor Charges | Eliza Shapiro, Christine Pelisek | July 12, 2013 | THE DAILY BEAST
If Pan-Arabism died with Jamal Abdel Nasser, the Arab incarnation of the Idol franchise has officially resurrected it.The Next Arab Idol: Palestine's Boy Wonder and Stereotype Buster | Maysoon Zayid | May 22, 2013 | THE DAILY BEAST
This was the beginning of my acquaintance with Mr. Nasser, with whom I have been somewhat intimate in recent years.
On one occasion I was talking to Mr. Nasser about the high standards of morality obligatory on the true Christian merchant.
This Roham is the individual usually called Bokht-i-Nasser (Nebuchadrezzar) and he ultimately succeeded to the throne.
Mr. Nasser returned to Homs, leaving his cousin in charge of the business in Egypt.
British Dictionary definitions for Nasser
Gamal Abdel (ɡəˈmɑːl ˈæbdɛl). 1918–70, Egyptian soldier and statesman; president of Egypt (1956–70). He was one of the leaders of the coup that deposed King Farouk (1952) and became premier (1954). His nationalization of the Suez Canal (1956) led to an international crisis, and during his presidency Egypt was twice defeated by Israel (1956; 1967)
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 | <urn:uuid:e3980839-7c2a-4bb3-9d86-291a5b10798a> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dictionary.com/browse/nasser | 2023-09-22T12:55:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.896579 | 889 |
I’m sure we are part of many of the same social media groups and forums dedicated to our hobby. Lately, it seems that there has been a rather LARGE increase in misinformation regarding the date on the bottom of Hot Wheels. Some think that it’s the year the casting was produced. Others believe that it’s the year the copyright for the design was awarded. Let’s take a quick look and assign a proper answer to this often asked question.
Is It The Manufacturing Date?
The short and sweet answer is no. It is not the manufacturing date. If it were the manufacturing date, Hot Wheels would have to modify the tool every year that the casting was released and this does not happen.
How Do I Know When My Car Was Made?
From 2008 on, Hot Wheels has introduced a system that we refer to as the ‘Base Code’. This is a 3 digit code that is found on the base of your car. The first character is a letter that represents the year of manufacture. The second and third characters are numbers which represent which week of the year the car was manufactured.
A List of Hot Wheels Base Codes
- A = 2008
- B = 2009
- C = 2010
- D = 2011
- E = 2012
- F = 2013
- G = 2014
- H = 2015
- J = 2016
- K = 2017
- L = 2018
- M = 2019
- N = 2020
- P = 2021
- R = 2022
- S = 2023
For example, if you have a base code that reads ‘D35’, that is a casting that was made the 35th week of 2011. A base code reading ‘G42’ is a casting that was made the 42nd week of 2014. Pretty easy to remember.
So What Does The Year On The Base of Hot Wheels Mean Then?
This date is actually the copyright date. It is the year that the design was registered. 9 times out of 10, the first release of the design is 1 year after the copyright date. Again, please don’t interpret the date as the date of manufacture – that’s not what it is. For example, look at the base of this Volkswagen T1 Panel Bus:
The copyright date of the design is 2011 while the base code reads ‘F28’ – the 28th week of 2013. Castings released after 2008 are much easier to identify as compared to earlier releases.
Here’s another example of 2 recent releases. Both of these ’16 Dodge Charger SRTs show 2015 as the copyright date but the red one has a base code of ‘H42’ while the blue release shows ‘J32’.
If you have a question about a casting, feel free to ask. | <urn:uuid:e5f903d8-6fbc-470b-abe1-74c522e7ca88> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.diecastphotography.com/what-year-are-my-hot-wheels-from/ | 2023-09-22T11:27:09Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.968799 | 593 |
Is it still possible to free the Earth from the immeasurable violence? – I push all illusion aside and answer, yes. That possibility exists, if we want and do it with all the powers available to us.
The “Healing Biotopes Plan”
… is a global peace strategy developed in more than 40 years of work in both theory and practice by the author and psychoanalyst Dr. Dieter Duhm, together with Sabine Lichtenfels founder of the Peace Research Center Tamera, with the aim of bringing about a worldwide process of healing on Earth – a future without war.
The plan is based on the vision of a human existence free of fear and violence, of ending the war between the genders, of free love and free sexuality, of cooperating with nature and all its beings, of freely supplying all living beings with enough food, clean water, and energy.
Dieter Duhm’s “Political Theory” describes in scientific terms why and how this vision can be realized within a relatively short time. Only a few special centers worldwide, “Healing Biotopes”, embedded in a global movement and network of support, can replace the existing information field of fear and violence with a new, globally effective information field of trust and cooperation. ,
Eros and Healing
There cannot be peace on Earth as long as there is war in love.
Theory of Global Healing
Behind the epidemic of merciless violence hides the experience of a pain which can no longer be dealt with in conventional ways. Yet it can be healed.
The world will change for the better if we show that this is possible.
I am 76 years old, today still as politically active as in the Student Movement of 1968, but with experiences that I have to share…
To be able to do effective peace work – whether in individual communities or global networks of a larger movement – you need to put LOVE in order.
We are living in times of change. Latent fascism is present everywhere. It is not effective to fight fascism with ideology; this cannot change much.
In the “black talks” Veit Lindau invites inspiring men for an exchange about essential questions of life – in German
Both, man and woman, dream of love. Both have an ideal image of partnership, the one and only. This is the romantic high image of love. This is what I want to support. Read also the article “Free Sexuality and Partnership”.
Happiness is seeing a greater reality. In order to be able to follow it, you need to have faith in it. To have faith in it, you need knowledge. To have knowledge requires a study of both theory and practice.
In imperialist societies people hardly had a chance to develop their sexual powers of love freely, for the patriarchal world could only function by suppressing and controlling these forces. Whoever controls sexuality controls the entire human being. | <urn:uuid:c40718d8-f45a-40a2-a6b0-7139582b8df2> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dieter-duhm.com/page/3/?et_blog | 2023-09-22T12:00:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.933425 | 622 |
The future of digital marketing for startups is likely to be shaped by several key trends and strategies. Here are some aspects that are expected to play a significant role:
Personalization: Consumers are increasingly seeking personalized experiences. Startups will need to leverage data and technology to deliver tailored messages, offers, and recommendations to their target audience. This can involve using customer segmentation, behavior tracking, and artificial intelligence (AI) to create personalized marketing campaigns.
Influencer Marketing: Influencer marketing will continue to be a powerful strategy for startups. Influencers with niche expertise and engaged followings can help startups reach their target audience more effectively. However, the landscape may evolve with the emergence of micro-influencers and a stronger emphasis on authenticity and transparency.
Video Content: Video content will remain a dominant force in digital marketing. Startups should invest in creating engaging and shareable video content for platforms like YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, and even livestreaming platforms. The use of video can help deliver compelling brand stories, product demonstrations, and behind-the-scenes content.
Social Media Advertising: Social media platforms will continue to be a vital channel for startups to reach their audience. However, due to evolving algorithms and increased competition, organic reach is expected to decline. Startups will need to allocate budgets for paid social media advertising to ensure their content reaches the right people.
Voice Search Optimization: With the growing popularity of voice assistants like Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant, voice search is becoming increasingly important. Startups should optimize their websites and content for voice search queries, including long-tail keywords and conversational language.
AI and Automation: Artificial intelligence and automation will play a significant role in digital marketing for startups. AI-powered chatbots can provide personalized customer interactions, while automation tools can streamline marketing processes, such as email campaigns, social media scheduling, and data analysis.
User-generated Content: User-generated content (UGC) will continue to gain importance. Startups can encourage their customers to create and share content related to their products or services. UGC helps build brand credibility, social proof, and can be leveraged across various marketing channels.
Data Privacy and Trust: With increasing concerns about data privacy, startups must prioritize user trust. Transparent data collection and usage practices, compliance with data protection regulations, and clear privacy policies are essential for building trust with customers.
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR): AR and VR technologies have the potential to transform the customer experience. Startups can leverage these technologies to provide immersive product experiences, virtual try-on, and interactive marketing campaigns.
Sustainability and Social Responsibility: Consumers are becoming more conscious of sustainability and social responsibility. Startups that incorporate these values into their marketing strategies can appeal to a growing market segment. Highlighting eco-friendly practices, charitable initiatives, and ethical sourcing can help build a positive brand image.
Digital marketing can play a crucial role in helping startups grow and succeed in today’s highly competitive business landscape. Here are several ways in which digital marketing can benefit startups:
Cost-Effective: Traditional marketing methods can be expensive for startups with limited budgets. Digital marketing offers various cost-effective channels such as social media, content marketing, email marketing, and search engine optimization (SEO) that allow startups to reach a wider audience without breaking the bank.
Targeted Reach: Digital marketing enables startups to precisely target their audience based on demographics, interests, behaviors, and other criteria. This helps in reaching the right people who are more likely to be interested in the startup’s products or services.
Measurable Results: Unlike traditional marketing, digital marketing efforts can be accurately measured and tracked. Startups can analyze metrics such as website traffic, conversion rates, click-through rates, engagement levels, and more to assess the effectiveness of their campaigns and make data-driven decisions.
Brand Building and Awareness: Digital marketing allows startups to establish their brand presence online through various platforms and channels. Consistent branding across websites, social media profiles, and content helps in creating a strong brand identity and increasing brand awareness among the target audience.
Global Reach: With the internet, startups can reach a global audience without needing a physical presence in different locations. This opens up opportunities for expansion and growth beyond their local markets.
Level Playing Field: Digital marketing provides startups with the opportunity to compete with larger, more established businesses on a more level playing field. Quality content and engaging social media strategies can attract attention regardless of the size of the business.
Engagement and Interaction: Social media and other digital platforms facilitate direct interaction with customers. Startups can engage in conversations, gather feedback, and build relationships with their audience, enhancing customer loyalty and trust.
Flexibility and Agility: Digital marketing allows startups to quickly adapt to changes in the market, trends, or customer preferences. Campaigns can be adjusted and optimized in real time based on performance data.
Content Marketing: Creating valuable and relevant content through blogs, videos, infographics, and more can position startups as industry experts. This not only helps in building credibility but also attracts organic traffic to the startup’s website.
Lead Generation and Conversion: Through strategies like email marketing and lead magnets, startups can capture leads and nurture them into customers over time. Automation tools make it easier to manage this process efficiently.
Data-Driven Decisions: The data collected from digital marketing campaigns provides startups with insights into customer behavior, preferences, and market trends. This information can guide strategic decisions and refine marketing strategies
Quick Results: While some marketing strategies may take time to yield results, others like pay-per-click (PPC) advertising can provide quick visibility and traffic to a startup’s website.
The amount that startups spend on digital marketing can vary widely depending on various factors, including the industry, the target audience, the specific marketing goals, the stage of the startup (early-stage, growth-stage, etc.), and the overall marketing strategy. There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question. However, I can provide you with some general insights:
Budget Allocation: Startups often allocate a significant portion of their budget to marketing, including digital marketing. According to various industry reports and surveys, startups may allocate anywhere from 10% to 50% (or even more) of their overall budget to marketing activities.
Stage of Startup: Early-stage startups might allocate a smaller percentage of their budget to marketing compared to growth-stage startups. Early-stage companies often focus on product development and validation before scaling their marketing efforts.
Marketing Goals: The specific goals of a startup’s digital marketing campaign can impact the budget. For instance, if the goal is to build brand awareness, the budget allocation might be different than if the goal is to generate leads or drive direct sales.
Paid Advertising: Startups often spend a significant portion of their digital marketing budget on paid advertising channels such as Google Ads, social media ads (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn), and other platforms. The amount spent on paid ads can range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars per month.
Content Creation: Content marketing is a crucial aspect of digital marketing. Startups invest in creating high-quality content to engage their target audience. This can include blog posts, videos, infographics, and more.
Social Media Management: Managing social media accounts and engaging with the audience requires time and resources. Startups may allocate a portion of their budget for social media management tools, content creation, and community engagement.
SEO and Organic Efforts: Search engine optimization (SEO) is another important aspect of digital marketing. While it might not have direct costs like paid advertising, startups may allocate resources for SEO services, keyword research tools, and content optimization.
Email Marketing and Automation: Email marketing is a cost-effective way to reach and nurture leads. Startups might invest in email marketing platforms and automation tools.
Analytics and Measurement: Tracking and analyzing the performance of digital marketing campaigns are essential. Startups might allocate funds for analytics tools and software to measure their marketing ROI.
Experimentation and Iteration: Startups often need to experiment with different strategies and tactics to find what works best for them. This might involve allocating funds to test various channels and approaches.
Social media plays a crucial role in the digital marketing strategies of startups. It provides a cost-effective and highly accessible platform for startups to connect with their target audience, build brand awareness, and drive engagement. Here’s a closer look at the key roles social media plays in startup digital marketing:
Brand Awareness and Visibility: Social media enables startups to establish their brand identity and increase their visibility in the digital landscape. By consistently sharing valuable content and engaging with users, startups can create a recognizable brand presence and gain exposure among their target audience.
Audience Engagement and Interaction: Social media allows startups to directly engage with their audience through comments, likes, shares, and messages. This interaction fosters a sense of community and helps build relationships, which is crucial for startups looking to establish trust and credibility.
Content Distribution: Startups can share various types of content, such as blog posts, videos, infographics, and more, to showcase their expertise and provide value to their audience. Social media platforms serve as distribution channels, enabling startups to reach a broader audience beyond their website.
Lead Generation: Social media platforms provide opportunities for startups to collect leads and engage potential customers. By strategically utilizing lead generation forms and call-to-action buttons, startups can capture user information and direct them toward conversion points.
Targeted Advertising: Social media platforms offer sophisticated targeting options that allow startups to reach specific demographics, interests, and behaviors, and even retarget previous website visitors. This enables startups to maximize the impact of their advertising budget and focus on the most relevant audience.
Market Research and Insights: Startups can gain valuable insights into their target audience’s preferences, needs, and behaviors through social media analytics and monitoring tools. This information can guide product development, content creation, and overall marketing strategies.
Competitor Analysis: Social media provides a window into the activities and strategies of competitors. By analyzing competitor social media profiles, startups can identify gaps in the market, understand trends, and refine their own marketing strategies accordingly.
Influencer Partnerships: Collaborating with influencers who have a relevant following can help startups quickly expand their reach and gain credibility within their industry. Influencers can endorse products or services, provide reviews, and create authentic content that resonates with their audience.
Customer Support: Social media platforms are often used by customers to ask questions, seek assistance, or provide feedback. Startups can use social media as a customer support channel, responding promptly to inquiries and resolving issues publicly, which showcases transparency and good customer service.
Iterative Improvement: Social media campaigns can be tracked, measured, and analyzed in real time. Startups can use analytics to assess the performance of their content, engagement rates, click-through rates, and conversion metrics. This data-driven approach enables startups to refine their strategies for better results over time. | <urn:uuid:801494ee-f4c8-411e-8294-cb2038d8c4d6> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.digitalakash.in/the-future-of-digital-marketing-for-startups/ | 2023-09-22T11:57:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.916525 | 2,281 |
Love transcends everything and everyone. This Valentine’s season, ZALORA, Asia’s online fashion destination, is celebrating the month of love with the launch of their Valentine’s Day Gift Guide, which includes fashion items and accessories for your loved ones.
“Love, ZALORA”, their Valentine’s Day campaign, celebrates all forms of love, romantic and otherwise. This February, ZALORA is offering fashionable and trendy gift ideas that will not only take the stress out of shopping but will surely make anyone’s loved one feel extra special and extra stylish.
“Thinking of the perfect gift for our loved ones is often harder than it seems. That’s why we, at ZALORA, want to go the extra mile for our customers with our Valentine’s Day gift guide where we thoughtfully put together a list of clothes and accessories for both men and women,” says Paulo Campos, Co-Founder and CEO of ZALORA Philippines.
ZALORA’s Valentine’s Day Gift Guide curates its latest and hottest fashion finds that will not only help shoppers get stylish, chic, and affordable items, but also items that match the personality of their loved ones.
Gift Ideas for Guys
ZALORA knows that not all guys are the same—there are guys who love to sweat it out while playing their favorite sport, travel around the world discovering territories unknown, and also guys who simply love keeping their style game on and get the latest fashion trends available.
This Valentine’s season, shoppers will no longer have to spend hours shuffling through the Men’s Section of a store as ZALORA has already put together recommended fashion pieces—from coats, jackets, shirts, pants, shoes, and accessories—that perfectly fit a guy’s personality.
Gifts for the Gals
Nothing can make girls feel the love even more than receiving presents customized to their own unique personality. ZALORA did the extra effort for those who want to score major points with their loved ones by putting together stylish pieces for girls—whether they are into cutesy styles, minimalist pieces, or like to go all out with glamorous fashionista looks. Shoppers will no longer need to settle for chocolates and flowers or stalk a girl’s social media accounts just to find the perfect gift.
“We know that each person is different. That’s why we’re very excited to share our Valentine’s Day collection, which has gift ideas for men and women for any personality, any date, and, not to mention, any budget,” says Campos.
Easy Valentine’s Shopping with ZALORA’s Easy Online Shopping Experience
Shopping for a loved one has never been this easy with ZALORA. Not only will shoppers enjoy the customized gift ideas for their special someone, they’ll also enjoy a hassle-free online shopping experience with ZALORA’s flexible payment methods, fast delivery, and the 15-minute Try-It-On and 30-day Free Return features.
All set to celebrate love and make February sweeter than ever? Then shop now at ZALORA by visiting their website at www.zalora.com.ph or downloading the ZALORA app!
Karina is not your ordinary supermom. She juggles her time bonding with her three amazing kids while being in the loop on the latest happenings in the tech and lifestyle scene. Follow me on Instagram (@digitalfilipina) regularly visit www.digitalfilipina.com for daily dose of updates not just for moms but for everyone! | <urn:uuid:ae532b93-f7ef-4bcc-aa95-63a2896a1d4a> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.digitalfilipina.com/love-zalora-zaloras-valentines-day-gift-guide/ | 2023-09-22T12:51:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.929084 | 779 |
Diego celebratis his third birthday in Bratislava! Happy birthday my lovely boy! Stay as you are! <3
Diego: “Mmmmh yummy, am I allowed to eat it?”
Together with his friends Josie and Lessie, Diego enjoyed the birthday cake.
Josie – wants more – as always.
Diego gets a present of Lubica und Paulina. Thank you very much, he loves it!
Open the presents…
The new toy has to be tested…
Diego with the girls at his birthday walk:
It was a very special and great birthday in Bratislava! Thank you for everything! <3
The weekend was very exciting because we visited 3 shows (CACIB Bratislava and the Clubshow in Traiskirchen, Austria). There we got again very nice results!
Josie got one VG 2, on time an Ex1, J-CAC-SLOVAKIA, CRUFTS QUALIFICATION and on the Clubshow an Ex2 out of 8 bitches in her class.
Diego gto two times an Ex4 and one time VG 3.
We are very proud of both and I have to say thank you for everything to all our friends which supported us!
Hope to see you soon again! =) | <urn:uuid:132d48b8-640b-4259-b840-c5ec693f3e78> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.diosiesdream.at/en/diegos-dritter-geburtstag-in-bratislava/ | 2023-09-22T12:01:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.926714 | 308 |
- £Pound sterling>
- Select Language
Flower delivery in Norristown by 1 florists
Flower delivery Norristown by local florists. We have 1 florist with 9 reviews delivering in Norristown. Click to see their flowers and reviews. Easy online ordering
At D2F we work closely with carefully selected member florists and trusted partners who can arrange suitable flowers to be delivered by a skilled florist according to your instructions. With...
Next 5 Days Availability:
Joseph Genuardi Florist, Inc.
- 410 E Fornance St, Norristown, PA, 19401
- 803 Sterigere St, Norristown, PA, 19401
Moles Florist Shop
- 3000 W Main St, Norristown, PA, 19403
- 417 Egypt Rd, Norristown, PA, 19403 | <urn:uuid:1906af32-7f24-4a56-bb9d-5b924ea22ac5> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.direct2florist.com/pennsylvania/flowers-delivery-norristown/ | 2023-09-22T12:22:10Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.885431 | 197 |
A Very Brady Renovation (2019)
S1 E1 | Honey, We're Home!: Extended Episode
1h 4m | Reality, House/garden, Home improvement | HGTV
Watch A Very Brady Renovation online.
"The Brady Bunch" actors have an emotional reunion at their famous TV home before beginning demolition; Jonathan and Drew Scott team up with Maureen McCormick and Susan Olsen to renovate the heart of the home; extended episode. | <urn:uuid:6e8239a6-dd35-4321-a4d0-142ff65b32ff> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.directv.com/guide/EPISODE/A-Very-Brady-Renovation-Honey-Were-Home-Extended-Episode-46b1bece-b10a-15b7-7266-ad30f88fa14a | 2023-09-22T12:03:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.848941 | 100 |
Bubble Guppies (2022)
S6 E13 | The Kingdom of Laughs-a-Lot!
0h 23m | TVY | Educational, Animated, Children | NKJR
Watch Bubble Guppies online.
Jesters Goby and Gil arrive in the Kingdom of NeverLaugh, where King Grumpfish decrees that he'll outlaw laughter if no one can make him laugh before sundown. | <urn:uuid:af390c95-4d8a-4266-9454-4dafd4fa1c64> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.directv.com/guide/EPISODE/Bubble-Guppies-The-Kingdom-of-LaughsaLot-5b74ab05-c11c-7cc0-c965-26e9f25bc67b | 2023-09-22T11:18:40Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.814339 | 104 |
"The efficacy of open air treatment has been absolutely proven, and one has only to try it to discover its value."
Regarding Open Air Treatment: "Out of between 5,000 or 6,000 men on the ships, between 1,200 and 1,400 had contracted the disease; 351 of the most serious cases were treated at the tent hospital, of whom 35 died."
Regarding Traditional Treatment: "In one general hospital there were seventy-six cases; within three days, twenty of these cases died, and seventeen nurses were down with influenza."
William A. Brooks
Surgeon-General, Massachusetts State Guard
The following article, which appeared in the October 19, 1918 American Journal of Public Health, offers anecdotal information on the efficacy of open air—sunlight and fresh air—in the recovery from Influenza.
BEFORE much of this influenza appeared in Boston there were rumors of it, and then one or two cases appeared. Doctor Croke, who had charge of the ships connected with the Recruiting Service of the Shipping Board at East Boston, was instructed that if a case was found all the attendants were to be masked with gauze masks.
One Monday morning Doctor Croke reported that he was getting a great many cases of influenza. A visit was made to the ships in East Boston, where men were found scattered about on the decks and in their bunks. Apparently there were too many cases for the hospitals in Boston to accommodate in a hurry.
Mr. Henry Howard, director of the Recruiting Service, was seen and a plan was suggested to him to establish a tent hospital on Corey Hill with the assistance of the State Guard. Colonel Stevens, the adjutant-general of the Massachusetts State Guard, consented to call out the State Guard at the expense of the Shipping Board. Colonel Emery, at half-past two in the afternoon, was asked to provide tents and field equipment. Between half-past five and six o’clock the tents commenced to arrive at Corey Hill from Framingham. The Brookline Company of the State Guard was ready to erect them. Beds and hospital supplies were brought up from the Commonwealth Military Emergency Hospital. Laborers were obtained to make sewer connections and also to connect with the water supply. The State Guard medical officers were ordered to report and members of the Ambulance Corps with the ambulances came from the Commonwealth Military Emergency Hospital. Before midnight thirty-eight patients had been brought from East Boston and put to bed in the tents. For a few days the weather was bad, cold and rainy, making it extremely uncomfortable for the doctors and nurses. The tents, however, had been so thoroughly ditched by the Brookline Company that it is no exaggeration to state that the ground inside of the tents was kept perfectly dry. Within a few days many cases of pneumonia were brought to the camp. The attending physicians were greatly puzzled, for the pneumonias did not seem to be of the type which are generally met with. The patients became greatly cyanosed and the ordinary heart medicines like digitalis and strychnine apparently had no effect, and seven or eight deaths occurred in rapid succession. The attending physicians became much discouraged. Meanwhile Doctors Slack and Overlander were busy taking cultures. They soon reported that the influenza bacillus predominated in these cultures. They also found that both Type I and Type III of the pneumococci were present. They also found streptococci. Their reports indicated that the present epidemic was a mixed infection.
In getting the history of the cases, Doctor Harrington found that the worst cases of pneumonia came from that part of the ships where the ventilation was the worst. Doctor Slack’s analyses clearly demonstrated that we had to deal with the pus-producing pneumococcus. We were able to get reports from the autopsies at the Naval Hospital, showing that the men died, not from heart failure, but from abscesses in the lungs. This explained why the heart stimulants had had practically no effect on the cyanosed patients, and that they died, not from heart failure, but from lack of air.
The medical staff thereafter determined to give the patients all the air possible. Thereafter, on pleasant days, every patient was taken out of the tents and put into the open.
From the first day, the results were startling. Almost every patient without exception had a lower temperature at night than in the morning, and felt decidedly more comfortable. The charts of these patients are very instructive and clearly demonstrate the great value of plenty of air and sunshine for patients suffering from influenza and pneumonia. From being discouraged, the medical staff became enthusiastic, and the patients were treated with the confidence that at last something had been found which would give good results.
At the end of three weeks the epidemic on the ships was practically under control, and in a few days over four weeks the tent hospital was closed. Out of between 5,000 or 6,000 men on the ships, between 1,200 and 1,400 had contracted the disease; 351 of the most serious cases were treated at the tent hospital, of whom 35 died.
Very few of the attendants and nurses contracted influenza while working in the tent hospital. One nurse who worked for the first two days, and undoubtedly had contracted influenza before coming to the camp, having been exposed to it in her own home, died at one of the hospitals in town. Another nurse died at another hospital in town.
The following facts were deduced from the experiences of the first tent hospital:
Period of Incubation.—Apparently it varies, averaging about two days. Sailors at work would be feeling perfectly well and then be suddenly stricken. Others would be ailing and then gradually come down. Fatigue seemed to play an important part.
The infection itself, as has been stated previously, was a mixed infection; and where Type III of the pneumococcus predominated many of the cases were fatal. In many of the cases of pneumonia, the diagnosis was made by Doctors Slack and Overlander from the sputum before any signs could be detected in the chest.
Medical Treatment.—Very little medicine was given after the value of plenty of air and sunshine had been demonstrated. Practically only three drugs were used: Dovers powder, some form of aspirin, and iodide of lime in one-third grain doses. The patients were fed every two or three hours, and given a variety of food with plenty of fruit. They were also made to drink plenty of water. Their feet were kept warm with metallic hot water bags, or else by means of heated bricks wrapped in newspapers. Owing to the danger of leakage, rubber hot water bags were avoided as much as possible.
Mask Technique.—Before the tent hospital had been established very long, it was found that the ordinary masks made out of a number of layers of gauze were very unsatisfactory. Nurses and attendants were constantly dropping the masks, and replacing them with the wrong side next to the mouth and nose. Improvised wire masks were made out of ordinary gravy strainers. The strainer was shaped to fit the nose, and five layers of gauze were simple basted on to the wire frame. No attendant or nurse was allowed to go near a patient unless wearing one of these masks. The gauze on the masks was changed every two hours. It was found impractical to sterilize the mask with the gauze on, owing to the fact that in the process of sterilization a great deal of the fuzz on the gauze was removed and it's value as a strainer was diminished. Nurses and orderlies were instructed to keep their hands away from the outside of the masks as much as possible. Every wearer of a mask was inclined at first to wear the mask too high up on the nose and a great deal of discomfort was caused by this. The upper end of the mask should simply rest above the nostrils, and the lower part should come under the chin. The two tapes on the masks were tied over the ears at the back of the head or neck. There was a superintendent of masks whose duty it was to see that all the masks were changed every two hours, and to see that they were properly sterilized and fresh gauze put on.
Technique of Hands.—Every nurse and attendant was cautioned that, after working over patients, the hands should be washed thoroughly either in 1/1000 corrosive sublimate solution, or in a solution of triple lysol. Before going to mess it was required of all nurses that they wash their hands and then go directly to mess.
Observations.—There is apparently a great opposition among many of the medical fraternity against open air treatment. Many of them seem inclined to think that, if the windows of a room are open, the same object is attained. Many think that the ordinary sun parlor of a hospital is “just as good.” The facts are, however, that the patients do not thrive as well in any ordinary hospital, no matter how well it is ventilated, as they do when they are put right, out into the open. The objection to the sun parlor is that one gets direct sunlight only during part of the day, whereas the patient who is out in the open gets the direct sunlight all day long. Certainly these results warrant medical men in visiting these camps to go over the records, examine the charts, and hear what the patients have to say in regard to the good effects of open air treatment.
The efficacy of open air treatment has been absolutely proven, and one has only to try it to discover its value. It represents the result of study by twelve or fourteen men, who, for a month, practically devoted their entire time to influenza and its complications. Compare the following data with the results cited above, obtained from open air treatment: in one general hospital there were seventy-six cases; within three days, twenty of these cases died, and seventeen nurses were down with influenza.
William A Brooks, American Journal of Public Health, October, 1918, pp. 747-751. | <urn:uuid:5c159f4c-e018-4430-bf51-b25071597aa2> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.discipleheart.com/health-and-healthy-living/coronavirus-natural-prevention-and-treatment/open-air-treatment-of-influenza | 2023-09-22T11:22:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.987213 | 2,051 |
Product information "Precision Positive Displacement Auger Valves"
The PDV-1000 precision auger valve is suitable for medium to high viscosity epoxy, solder paste, and other filled materials. Capable of dispensing micro shots less than 1 mm using an auger servo motor driven screw. The PDV-1000 has zero dead space within the valve and can deliver accurate and repeatable dots and beads for any application, whether automated or manually operated. This auger valve is used in conjunction with the RVC900N controller. Comes standard with 3, 5, and 10 cc bushings.
|Minimum Material Viscosity:||35,000 cps|
|Motor:||6-watt, 400RPM (no load)|
|Motor Voltage:||24 V|
|Valve Auger:||Stainless Steel|
|Valve Construction:||Stainless Steel|
|Valve Syringe Bracket:||Aluminum| | <urn:uuid:5c4a10bb-8ae4-47d0-aeb6-45de702913cb> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dispens-tech.com/Precision-Positive-Displacement-Auger-Valves/PDV-1000 | 2023-09-22T11:26:00Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.724855 | 223 |
06. DIY Hanging Flower Tire Planter
Cut one side of tire and add wire panel at the bottom, hang the tire flower pot with handmade macrame rope hanger.
Image and Instructions: Pink HSC
07. DIY Tea Cup Tire Planter
Stack two or more tires to make tea cup planter and create a fairy garden landscaping.
Image Only: Pin Image
08. DIY Paint Layered Tire Planter
Or just stack in cascading tower, leave tire black or paint them into bright colors to bring beauty in garden.
Image and Instructions: Lemon Bean and Things Blogspot
09. DIY Wishing Well Tire Planter
10. DIY Tire Planter Stand Instruction
An project with little carpentry work by adding spool as pot bottom, and legs then. Wrap with twine rope or paint and use it as planter, side table or stool.
Image and Instructions: Addicted 2 DIY | <urn:uuid:6bb0f733-070e-4626-863e-d779260e91ec> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.diyhowto.org/diy-recycled-tire-planter-ideas/2/ | 2023-09-22T10:36:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.819086 | 191 |
TRUE LIFE-CHANGING DJINN, JINN OR GENIE.
REAL Magic & REAL Results! -- These Entities are Metaphysical Creatures of the Highest Class & Powers as well as anyone interested in the Spirit World. You DO NOT have to be a Witch, Pagan, Wiccan, Warlock, or Shaman to own these Jinn. My Jinn are available for all to Enjoy. Due to the Metaphysical Nature of these Djinn and my affiliation with Alchemy, Witchcraft, Ancient Magical Arts, The Occult, Haunting, Ghost Hunts, Conjuration of spirits or djinn, Paranormal Activity and the Spirit Realm, I cannot go into further detail regarding the Scared Energies & Metaphysical Properties of these Creatures. All Djinn contain 100% Pure White Light. By purchasing you are confirming your agreement to our Terms & Conditions. For further information please view my Disclaimer page. Spiritual & Metaphysical Entities are to be used as Religious Bond. For use within Rituals, Ceremonies and Meditation practices.
WARNING!: THESE DJINN CONTAINS INTENSE POWERS AND EXTREME ENERGIES! THE POWERS OF THESE DJINN ARE TRUE AND LIFE-CHANGING. THESE LISTINGS ARE TO BE TAKEN SERIOUSLY, FOR THESE DJINN ARE NOT PETS! | <urn:uuid:5a40ba26-33b5-463d-86ca-54857d72d526> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.djinn-summoning.com/shop | 2023-09-22T10:56:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.83602 | 281 |
Imagine being at the gym, trying to get in a good ab workout, but all you can think about is how much you'd rather binge-watch your favorite show at home. The crunches and sit-ups feel tedious and ineffective, and you're losing motivation.
But wait, what if I told you there was a fun and challenging way to work your abs that could leave you feeling like a superhero? Let me introduce you to the Ab Wheel Roller! This unassuming little gadget may look harmless, but trust me it's a powerhouse for toning your midsection.
This article will explore the 9 benefits of using the ab wheel roller and why it's become a staple in many workout routines. So, let's roll!!
What Is an Ab Wheel Roller?
A six-pack might look nice, but your abdominal muscles do more than just make you look good. They also protect against back pain and improve sports performance. So it's time to give them the attention they deserve.
What's the best way to train those essential muscles? Look no further than the king of core equipment - the ab wheel!
This nifty tool, also known as an ab roller, rollout wheel, or wheel crunch, is the simplest and most effective equipment for crunches and ab workouts.
How does it work? It's a wheel with handles that you can roll outwards as you perform your ab exercises on the floor. You can even use it standing up to make your workouts more effective and efficient.
But let's not forget - with great power comes great responsibility. Using an exercise wheel requires careful technique to avoid injury or muscle strain.
Tone and Strengthen Your Core with an AB ROLLER!
What Muscles Does an Ab Wheel Target?
Ab rolling is an efficient way to train your rectus abdominis muscle - commonly known as the "six-pack muscle." This muscle is responsible for flexing your torso and pulling your rib cage towards your spine, giving you that sought-after six-pack look.
But wait, there's more! Ab rolling doesn't just work your rectus abdominis - you'll also activate the muscles in your upper back and shoulders, making it a great full-body workout. Think of it as a cross between pull-ups and ab exercises, with added benefits for your abs, lats, and front deltoids.
Ab Roller Vs. Other Exercises
Let's see how an Ab Wheel is better for building your dream abs than other exercises.
Ab Roller Vs. Planks
Doing ab wheel rollouts is similar to doing planks because you need to stabilize your spine. However, ab rollouts are more challenging than a plank, so if your goal is to build abdominal muscles and do a more advanced abs workout, then the rollout wheel for abs is what you should use.
Experts say a beginner should always start with traditional planks before advancing to ab wheel rollouts. They help you build core strength that you will eventually need to perform ab wheel roller workouts.
Ab Roller Vs. Crunches
Crunches are among the most popular ab workouts, but they are even easier to perform than planks. If you want a core workout that impacts your entire body and improves your physical performance in sports or daily activities, then an ab wheel rollout is what you should use because it uses all muscles.
Ab Roller Vs. Sit Ups
Situps are some of the easiest ab workouts to perform at home without equipment. However, they have the disadvantage that most of the work is done by your hip flexors rather than your abs - meaning that you don't work your core muscles enough.
With an ab wheel rollout, you can ignite all muscles in your abdominal area. Ab wheel rollouts are also easier to perform than sit-ups because you don't need to lie flat on the floor.
How to Use an Ab Wheel Roller?
Before diving into the benefits of using an exercise wheel, it's essential to master the proper technique and minimize the risk of injury.
For beginners, building a foundation of core strength is critical before attempting the ab roll out. Start with crunches or the plank to prepare for the exercise wheel.
Additionally, working out with the ab wheel can strain your neck. Having someone who can ensure you're correctly contracting and not placing too much stress on your neck is recommended to stay safe.
Don't let pain and injury get in the way of your fitness goals - take the time to perfect your form and keep yourself safe.
It's also essential to tighten your lower back as much as possible so that only the abs feel the work.
To get maximum results from an exercise wheel, it is vital to perform the technique with good form:
- Keep your body stable while rolling in and out of the exercise to avoid movement. It's also best to keep your knees and arms together for a tighter roll.
- Ensure your abdominal muscles are engaged while moving, staying safe from a back injury.
- The farther you can roll out on this exercise, the more your abdominal muscles are challenged. Start easy and gradually increase the length of the rolls.
- Breathing is also essential during ab wheel rollouts. You should breathe in while rolling out and exhale while rolling in.
Benefits of Ab Wheel Workout
Now that we have learned what an ab wheel is, how to use it, and how it compares with other traditional ab exercises. Let's jump into the fantastic benefits that an ab wheel offers.
Experience the ultimate core workout with DMoose Ab Roller Wheel. Designed for all fitness levels, our ultra-wide, non-slip wheel ensures stability, support, and comfort during your exercise routine.
Helps Build Core Strength, Improve Balance and Stability
Ab roller workouts improve core strength because you need to stabilize your spine to perform the exercise correctly. It also helps improve your body's ability to balance, which is handy when doing sports.
For example, integrating ab wheel rollouts into your workout will help improve your skills for sports like football because body balance is a key element in that game.
An Ab Wheel Is More Effective Than Crunches or Situps
An ab wheel can do what 100 sit-ups cannot because it engages your core muscles from head to toe and helps you quickly build a nice six-pack.
Comparing the work done by abs muscles when doing crunches, you will find that ab wheel rollouts require less effort but more use of your core muscles than sit-ups and crunches.
Works Out a Large Number of Muscle Groups
If you want to work out all your muscle groups simultaneously, ab wheel rollouts are the best way. Ab roller exercises strengthen your abs, shoulders, and arms while burning fat all over your body.
An ab wheel can work up to 20 different muscles at once. It engages more than just your abs because you must tighten all the major muscle groups in your core, back, and arms to perform ab wheel rollouts properly.
It simplifies targeting multiple muscle groups instead of using a machine that only works on one part of your body or isolates your abs with traditional crunches.
It's a Full-Body Cardio Workout
An ab wheel is perfect for working out your lower body muscles, plus the integrated movement of rolling the wheels forward and back will get your heart rate up quickly.
Performing ab wheel rollouts activates the upper and lower extremities as you rotate. Ab roller exercises help burn more calories than crunches, sit-ups, or back extensions.
It's also important to mention that doing ab wheel rollouts for an extended period can help you improve your endurance and add to the number of calories burned.
Strengthens Joints and Ligaments
Ab wheel rollouts strengthen your lower back as much as it strengthens your abs. This is because when performing the exercise, you must maintain a rigid, strong posture and keep your body straight.
Ab roller workouts also strengthen the ligaments because they help improve your joints' integrity with regular use. Once muscles are strengthened, you will notice an increase in joint stability.
The more stable your joints are, the less prone to injury they will be.
It's Highly Portable
Compared to most abs exercises, ab wheel workouts are highly portable because you can just take your ab wheel in a backpack or gym bag. You don't need extra space to perform it at home or in the gym. It saves time and money too.
So, if you're looking for a fun and effective ab workout at home or in the gym, an ab wheel may be the best solution for your concerns. It's super portable, which means it's lightweight yet provides maximum function.
Increases Blood Flow to Your Brain
You must keep your head and back straight when performing ab wheel rollouts for a long time. This keeps the blood flowing through these areas in your body, nourishing the brain cells with oxygen-rich blood. Ab roller workouts can also help improve mental alertness by removing toxins from your body.
Helps With Posture Problems
Ab wheel rollouts are very effective for those who suffer from neck pain, shoulder injuries, or back stiffness. It also helps strengthen the muscles in your back and improves stability throughout your body which is essential for these issues. Many doctors recommend Ab roller workouts to relieve pain caused by a weakened back.
Bad posture and back pain can be a real bummer while working out, but we have a perfect solution to make your gym sessions pain-free.
If you want to improve the definition and strength of your abdominal and oblique muscles during your workout, then the DMoose Ab straps make an excellent addition to your gym equipment collection. These straps enable you to isolate those muscle groups effectively, resulting in a more targeted workout experience.
Burns Belly Fat
Are you looking for a simple way to eliminate that stubborn belly fat? Ab wheel rollouts help increase the metabolic activity in your body, which helps burn calories. It also strengthens your core muscles so they can do their job better in aiding you to lose abdominal fat. This is why ab roller exercises are recommended by anyone who wants to lose belly fat.
The Importance of Using a High-Quality Ab Wheel
Every ab wheel is constructed with a different material. So, you have to be very careful in purchasing one. Getting an ab wheel made of reinforced rubber is highly recommended, which can handle repeated use and won't break down or crack when used correctly.
When purchasing an ab wheel today, you must watch out for a few things. Ensure the center is steel or iron to hold your total weight and not break down.
It should have foam covering on the handles. A good ab wheel won't hurt your hands. Otherwise, you'll be wasting money by not getting maximum results from your ab wheel workout.
One of the essential things in doing ab rollouts is to focus on your form, and many people need help with that while doing ab rollouts. The DMoose Ab Roller offers elbow support to rest your elbows while doing ab rollouts.
It will help you focus entirely on your core without overthinking your form. Furthermore, it comes with two padded knee pads, so you don't need to find any soft surface or yoga mat to do your ab wheel workout. You can carry it as a set and do it anywhere you want, and you can make any hard surface your ab workout field.
Bonus Tip: The Secret to Getting Abs That Pop
If you want to get the most out of the ab roller exercises, try doing them with your feet on a bench. This elevates your upper body and makes it harder to keep good form during the push-up.
Performing ab rollouts from this position allows for a greater range of motion, which in turn helps you work out the inner core muscles more and get rid of that belly fat.
So if you're looking for a super-effective way to tone and strengthen your core muscles, our recommendation would be the DMoose Ab Wheel, a reliable and long-lasting piece of equipment that can endure rigorous workout sessions.
Its design includes a knee pad for added joint protection during exercise. Additionally, it can be conveniently stored away when not in use.
Don't hesitate any longer! Start your fitness journey with the DMoose Ab Roller today and experience effortless and effective ab workouts.
An ab wheel roller is an excellent piece of equipment and a great tool to help you strengthen and condition your abdominal muscles. Utilizing an ab wheel can offer several advantages, such as improved core stability, enhanced balance, and greater flexibility.
You should use the proper technique to ensure you are not hurting yourself while utilizing this equipment. Additionally, ensuring that you have an excellent quality ab wheel to reap the most benefit from this amazing workout is essential.
Taking the time to master the basics will help you enhance all 9 benefits of using an ab roller in no time - allowing your body to get stronger and unleash more amazing benefits. If used correctly, an Ab Wheel Roller can be an extremely effective workout tool for anyone looking for a full-body workout routine or a way to tone their abs and back muscles.
DMoose non-slip yoga mat which is 72” long and 24” wide, is made with a premium foam material that ensures a firm grip and allows you to perform different exercises without having any risk of injuries by slipping or falling over. | <urn:uuid:09564362-3900-4c64-82bd-f36ed7c55e35> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dmoose.com/blogs/workout-training/effectivenes-of-ab-wheel-roller-and-9-benefits | 2023-09-22T11:55:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.941448 | 2,768 |
A global finite element analysis (FEA) checks the global structural response. This is a fairly big analysis. Simply because all of the structure is modeled. All the stiffeners. All the bulkheads. All the shell plating. That makes a lot of components to mesh. What do you get out of it? A much more precise understanding of the stress distributions as the hull bends. Why does this matter? Because then you can reduce the hull scantlings where they are not needed. And strengthen them in areas where they are. When hull plates are stronger in the right regions, you get longer life out of the hull. Longer service life for the ship.
A global FEA involves a fair amount of computing effort. These are large FEA meshes. You should talk with your engineer and ask how they plan to simplify the structure. What mesh sizes do they plan to use? Do they have any previous experience with global FEA? Ask what loading conditions they are planning to consider. A global FEA should address the following loading conditions in some way.
You may not need to analyse all these conditions. The specifics always depend on your situation. But the engineer should be prepared to address them and show they have considered them.
Finally, the global FEA should be checked after you have completed all your other general structural design. Complete all the scantling designs first. Complete all the local strength checks. Check all of that first. The global FEA gets expensive very quickly if you get the wrong scantlings and need to repeat the analysis several times.
Also show interest in how the engineer will derive the wave loads. There are multiple methods, ranging from a quasi-static wave to a full CFD seakeeping analysis. The scale completely depends on your specific situation and how much you want to optimize your design to reduce steel weight.
The final deliverable will be a report. This will identify any stress concentrations or regions of concern. It will also identify any critical loading conditions. This report should be prepared for submission to your class society for review. Also expect the engineer to reserve some time for discussing the report with you. And some time for the engineer to address any comments from the class society.
Expect 3 – 6 weeks to complete the global FEA, plus another week to write the report. Then there are also the fees for submission to the class society.
This should take some time to complete. The analysis time will take 1 – 2 months. And then another month at least for class society review.
You will need to provide full structural scantling drawings of the vessel. Small items like foundations are not necessary. The focus here is global structure. Also clarify to the engineer what your goal is for the FEA. Do you just want something to submit to the class society? Did you want to optimize and reduce the vessel weight? How much? Try to quantify how much improvement is worth to you. | <urn:uuid:403f6874-3316-4f3b-b079-ad6574a68205> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dmsonline.us/global-fea/ | 2023-09-22T10:48:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.939389 | 593 |
How it all works may differ from platform to platform, but the general idea is the same. Online dating apps and websites get singles to join and share information about themselves. Then the apps or sites use that information to help create connections. Sometimes those connections are picked out by the dating apps themselves and sometimes it’s up to the user to make their selections.
She specializes in health, national trends and issues of importance to women. Her work has appeared in Parade, the New York Post, CNN, Real Simple, Health, Women’s Health and Elle. If you’re interested in joining a senior dating site, you typically register with your email address.
If you’re crushing on someone at your local bookstore but you don’t know how to make the first move, this is the app for you. „The app tracks users based on their physical location and matches users to those that are around them. This app can be best used for hookups or possible dates due to the ability to match with someone within close proximity.“ Her is a dating and community app for lesbian, queer, bisexual, and straight women; GNC folx; and nonbinary people. It’s created for queer people, by queer people, making it one of the most popular lesbian apps on the market. Now more than ever, as online dating grows, there need to be more safe spaces that tamp down the „fever“ — and empower women to have the kinds of interactions they want. The cost of using a dating site will vary depending on the site/company and subscription plan you choose.
However, many of the apps best features, like read receipts, are blocked behind a membership, and free users can only chat with one person a day. Across several measures, online daters who have found a committed partner through these dating sites or apps tend to view these platforms in a more positive light. The same is true of how they rate their overall experience, as well as whether they’ve experienced some form of harassment while using these platforms. Overall, Americans are somewhat divided on whether online dating is a safe way to meet someone. Roughly half of the public says that dating sites and apps are a very (3%) or somewhat (50%) safe way to meet people.
Stop communicating and report the incident
On the other hand, if you’ve got time, you can try the more manual approach. If you aren’t sure what league you are in, go back and look at your matches. If no one has responded, start from scratch and reach out to 20 people. You’ll find out soon enough what league you’re in your area. So how do you know what league you’re in because self-reflection is hard and your friends lie? Well, I’ve seen two methods to get feedback on which range you operate in because if you want online dating to work, you need to know.
„It has a lot of great questions to get to know potential matches on the app and a new voice note feature. It’s immensely helpful to see if someone’s voice piques your interest.“ So, without further ado, we’ve rounded up the best dating apps for 2023, depending on what you’re looking for. I think people sometimes still have gender role issues when it comes to women complimenting men. I personally always compliment my date if I have something authentic to say, especially on a first date. Creating safe spaces online where ugly prejudices can’t show face is critically important.
However, full access to a site’s benefits and features may require a paid subscription. Every day, adults of all ages queue up their keyboards in search of their future partner. But with all the options out there, finding the right platform for you can be as tough as dating itself. Self-disclosure can improve intimacy through the sharing of personal information. It provides users with more information about their potential partners, allowing for better decision-making.
Typically, after you set up a social media-like profile—where you include a few pictures of yourself, a brief bio and some of your hobbies—the platform can use that information to connect you with similar people. All communication between users happens on an “anonymous” email network, the site says. Member name and contact information is kept secret until a given person chooses to share their information with a potential match. Every profile and photo is screened before it’s posted to the site. To combat the findings that argue otherwise, I’ve come up with a list of recommendations and insights for the next time you start clicking and swiping. This list was compiled after an extensive sweep of the findings on online dating.
The right dating site for you will depend on what you are personally looking to get out of using the site. Take your preferences into consideration, such as relationship type, inclusivity of cheekd customer support the particular site, what you’re looking for in a partner, site features and cost as you search for the right site for you. Dating sites use various algorithms to introduce possible matches.
But Chaudhry’s findings do offer some pointers on how to share information about yourself and how decide who to take a chance on. Research on attractiveness, persuasion, and what makes relationships work can tell us a lot about how to use dating apps. You have total control over who you start up a conversation with, which means no creepy unsolicited messages or pictures.
Those answers form the basis for this popular online dating site’s matching algorithm. Then, the site does all the work for you by sending each potential match directly to your inbox. The algorithm works well, matching about 2,000 couples successfully each month. We found Dating.com’s sign-up process to be a double-edged sword.
Mainstream vs. Niche Dating Apps
The ability to see who already „likes“ your profile (unless they sent an „intro“) or view certain match filters, like „new users“ or „popular users.“ Once the quiz is completed, you fill out your profile with prompts, photos, and icons to indicate your hobbies and interest. Our tester says the profile took at least 20 minutes to complete, although not all users include the same level of detail on their profiles. | <urn:uuid:4f06affa-8854-4532-81a8-79b42db113fb> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dobrasauna.sk/why-old-online-dating-doesnt-work-for-most-people-by-hunter-foxx/ | 2023-09-22T11:25:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.944007 | 1,332 |
Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease and flour 1(1-pound) loaf pan.
In a large bowl mix both sugars, vegetable oil, eggs, vanilla, and ginger. When all ingredients are well combined, add the grated zucchini. Set aside.
In a medium bowl, whisk together all the dry ingredients. Using a spatula, gently add the flour mixture to the zucchini mixture and mix until incorporated and no dry flour remains. Add walnuts and mix.
Pour mixture onto prepared pan and bake for 60-70 minutes or until a toothpick inserted in the center of the bread comes out clean. Allow the bread to cool in the pan for 5 minutes and then carefully remove from pan; let the loaf of bread cool completely on a cooling rack. | <urn:uuid:58e5e61e-0c32-4757-a63e-faa16671f1a2> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dominosugar.com/recipe/zucchini-bread | 2023-09-22T11:37:44Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.868467 | 175 |
- Made to order, please allow 12-16 weeks for delivery
- 52″H x 26″D
- Weight: 176LBS
- Gold plated brass
- Limited Edition
- Ships freight
- Optional White Glove delivery
- Free shipping anywhere within USA
- Please Contact Us in advance with any questions about your order. This item is made to order and is not eligible for return.
Newton Sphere Chandelier
A regal, spherical beauty.
The gold plated discs of the Newton Spherical chandelier evoke your curiosity as the lights warmly glow throughout your home. A Limited Edition design that will entice you for years to come.
Handcrafted in Portugal.
52″H x 26″D | <urn:uuid:c3d9ad27-68c3-46c7-bdb0-d92b2ae3f252> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.donjenna.com/product/newton-sphere-chandelier/ | 2023-09-22T12:17:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.861177 | 161 |
DOT compliance refers to successfully meeting the requirements of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Below are useful links to free resources available online to help you identify your company’s DOT compliance needs.
Official FMCSA Website
Direct link to the DOT Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Home Page.
Search the Regulations
Enter a keyword or actual FMCSR reference code to find applicable regulations.
Safety Measurement System
Review your 7 BASIC scores and see what the public AND the DOT know about your business.
The Company Snapshot is a concise electronic record of a company’s identification, size, commodity information, safety record (including the safety rating), a roadside out-of-service inspection summary, and crash information.
Summary of HOS Regulations
FMCSA’s official high-level explanation of the Hours of Service Regulations.
Local DOT Offices
Find the local office for the Federal DOT in your state.
A Motor Carrier’s Guide to Improving Highway Safety.
File a Complaint about a DOT Regulated Company
For Consumers, Drivers, and Companies – Learn about the complaint process and formally file a complaint.
Moving Ahead for Progress is the new DOT Transportation Law that includes important provisions intended to help reduce crashes, injuries and fatalities.
National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners
Every new DOT Medical Qualification Card must be obtained from a Certified Medical Examiner. Use this resource to find a provider in your area.
Guidelines for both for-profit and not-for-profit PMCPs.
PSP (Pre Employment Screening Program)
Access a potential hire’s Roadside Inspection history for the previous 24 months and their DOT Recordable Accident History for the previous 36 months.
Report Unsafe Carriers
File complaints regarding unsafe Commercial Motor Vehicle Operators or a safety complaint against a Motor Carrier/ DOT Regulated Company.
Retro Reflective Tape
Conspicuity Requirements/ FMCSA regulations regarding the use of retro-reflective sheeting on CMVs.
Recreational / Medicinal Marijuana
The DOT makes it clear in this notice that recent votes in some states to allow recreational use of marijuana DOES NOT affect the DOT’s Drug and Alcohol Testing Program.
Request Your PIN #
Update your MCS-150, access the portal, submit Compliance Review Documents, review your company’s information and more by requesting your PIN Number.
RESOURCES FOR DRIVERS
Distracted Driving and Cell Phone Ban
What you need to know about hand-held mobile devices.
FMCSA Guide to Resources for Drivers
All of the links the DOT offers for Free Driver Resources.
Hours of Service Regulations
A driver’s guide to understand Hours of Service.
Get Your PSP Record
Offers access to your Roadside Inspection History for the previous 24 months and your DOT Recordable Accident history for the previous 36 months.
To learn more about our full range of services, contact our team today. | <urn:uuid:25c16817-0d8a-46c5-8247-72c90a996599> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dotcomplianceconsultantsllc.com/resources/ | 2023-09-22T12:02:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.846301 | 645 |
BOLT CUTTER 3/8"
2 hours: CA$12.00
4 hours: CA$15.00
Prices are subject to change. Applicable sales tax, delivery, and other fees are not included in this price estimate.
Please call us for any questions on our bolt cutter 3 8 inch rentals in Ladner and Tilbury, serving Vancouver, British Columbia. | <urn:uuid:8b640bc1-beb6-4d4e-94d6-07370e6d0bfb> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.doublerrentals.com/rental/miscellaneous/bolt-cutter-3-8-inch/22801 | 2023-09-22T11:28:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.895753 | 108 |
2018 $1 Year of the Dog Money Expo Stamp & Coin Cover
- An official 2018 ANDA Expo release!
- Produced by Australia Post in collaboration with the Royal Australian Mint
- Exclusive! Strictly limited to 500 individually-numbered PNCs!
- Notable for its limited-edition ANDA overprint
- Features an Australian legal tender $1 from the Royal Australian Mint
Free Shippingon all orders over $500
Shop with confidence30 - day money back guarantee
Gst-free*for international orders
Loyalty RewardEarn points while you shop
This official 2018 ANDA release captures the immense popularity of the Year of the Dog, in a Lunar tribute that balances charm with exclusivity.
Produced by the Royal Australian Mint and Australia Post, each of these PNCs is individually numbered - and tremendously exclusive, with just 500 issued! Notable for its limited-edition ANDA overprint, your Year of the Dog PNC combines an Australian legal tender $1 in Unc from the Royal Australian Mint with an official Australia Post stamp.
With so few available - and with this year's Lunar series rapidly capturing hearts across the country - we recommend prompt action to avoid missing out.
|Country of Issue||Australia|
|Year of Issue||2018|
|Special Feature||Limited edition ANDA Overprint, Individually numbered|
|Issued By||Australia Post| | <urn:uuid:096d4cf1-6ba6-4628-bd39-c0ce943d07c0> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.downies.com/2018-1-year-of-the-dog-money-expo-stamp-coin-cover | 2023-09-22T12:32:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.836374 | 347 |
If you use Photoshop for most of your image editing needs there’s a good chance you’ve tried to open WebP format files at some stage without any success. This is because Webp isn’t yet a supported image format of Photoshop. Thankfully, it is possible to add full open and edit support for WebP for Photoshop.
Webp format image files have been around for a considerable amount of time now and are growing in popularity every day. That said, most image viewing and editing programs, including Windows built-in photo viewer and Photoshop still gained full Webp support natively. In turn, preventing them from being easily viewed on most Windows 10 systems.
As with everything on the Internet restrictions like this aren’t hard to fix, so follow along as we show you how to add full view and edit support for Webp to Adobe Photoshop. Including older versions of Photoshop like CS6. Don’t get stuck unable to open Webp files using Photoshop.
How Do You Get Photoshop to Open, View, and Edit Webp Format Image Files?
Even though Webp format images aren’t fully mainstream yet, there are a lot of benefits to using them. Including better website performance where Webp format files are used over jpg and png formats. Faster load times aren’t the only benefits either, as Google indexing seems to favour their own image formats above others, at least a little. That is more than likely set to change though as the format becomes more and more popular.
To add full support for Webp to Photoshop you’ll first have to download the latest Webp plugin for Photoshop, which you can grab below. The zip file contains a plugin for both Windows x64 and x32 bit systems, so make sure you use the correct one once you’ve extracted it. You’ll also need to make sure that you don’t have Photoshop running when you start the rest of this process.
After you have the file on your system and have extracted it copy and paste the WebP.8bi file into the following location:
With the WebP.8bi file in the correct location, you can open Photoshop as you normally would, then proceed to open and edit any Webp format file you come across. When saving Webp format files using the new plugin you’ll get several different options to choose from. Just as you would if you were saving a jpg or png file. You can even configure image transparency should you wish to. Over the next 5 years, Webp will probably become the most used image format on the Internet.
On a Side Note…
If you happen to cross paths with WebP format files quite a lot it’s probably a good idea to check out two of our other popular WebP guides. | <urn:uuid:99feb351-b127-4e4e-b9c9-bebebe5f5d3b> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.downloadsource.net/how-to-add-webp-support-to-adobe-photoshop-get-webp-format-support-for-photoshop/n/16771/ | 2023-09-22T10:52:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.932186 | 586 |
Teen believed to commit suicide on train tracks
Birmingham police believe that a 17-year-old Beverly Hills resident, found deceased on the train tracks near the Derby Bridge in Birmingham after being hit by a train, had committed suicide.
At approximately 9:17 a.m. Saturday, September 24, officers were dispatched to the train tracks near Derby Bridge after receiving a report of someone having been struck by a southbound train, and they found the deceased individual lying on the tracks.
The Birmingham Police Department was joined by the Canadian National (CN) Railroad Police Department as well as the Oakland County Medical Examiner's Office at the scene, both of which have assisted with the investigation.
At this time, Birmingham Police have reported that the deceased male has been identified as a 17-year-old Beverly Hills resident, and the cause of death is currently considered a suicide, pending toxicology results.
As one of the leading causes of death in the United States, suicide affects all ages and types of people. With an increase in awareness and in resources, prevention efforts have become more common and effective. If anyone reading this is struggling with suicidal thoughts and/or feelings, or if you know of anyone struggling with suicidal thoughts and/or feelings, please reach out for assistance and receive the help and support that is available.
The National Suicide and Prevention Lifeline is now 988. | <urn:uuid:122ad398-d6b7-454c-b9ba-d75213281dce> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.downtownpublications.com/single-post/teen-believed-to-commit-suicide-on-train-tracks | 2023-09-22T10:44:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.983234 | 279 |
There are countless things that happen in your yoga class that I’m sure have made you go, “Wow, thank goodness that didn’t happen anywhere else…” Here are a few that I think top the list of things you’d rather not have to be present for.
Hot For Teacher
It happens. And every once in a while you get that one person who thinks it’s acceptable to make really awkward advances, to which I have to say, “never gonna happen.” Here are a couple pick-up lines that you should go ahead and eliminate from your repertoire immediately. “Can you put your leg behind your head?” This question serves no other purpose than to asses my flexibility, which I can assure you, is information that will never be relevant to you in any context. “Maybe you can give me a private lesson some time *wink*.” Well, you’re right that I could, but I definitely won’t.
In total truth, as a teacher, I could truly care less. I’m not offended, I don’t think anything different about you, and although corny but true, it’s natural so relax and get over it. A little gas never killed anyone!
Someone Farts & Then Apologizes
Now you had to go and make it awkward.
What other awkward memories do you have from your yoga class? | <urn:uuid:88f195e3-0348-4fec-85bd-62fc1e39f0ab> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.doyou.com/awkward-yoga-moments/ | 2023-09-22T12:28:41Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.965753 | 310 |
An evaluation by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) shows that the Internal Revenue Service isn’t managing to keep up with the growing number of employers who knowingly fail to account for and deposit their employment taxes.
Noncompliance in this sector is a serious crime – employment tax embezzlement is a felony, punishable by up to five years in prison.
TIGTA’s evaluation found that as of December 2015, 1.4 million employers owed nearly $46 billion in unpaid employment taxes, interest and penalties. Those numbers, TIGTA found, are likely to grow.
“Employment tax embezzlement is an especially egregious crime because the employer or payroll service provider violates their fiduciary responsibility to remit the taxes on behalf of their employees,” said J. Russell George, Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration. “Furthermore, the programs funded by employment taxes provide essential benefits to many citizens,” he added.
TIGTA says the number of employers with 20 or more quarters of delinquent employment taxes is steadily growing. According to a Governmental Accountability Office report, at the end of FY 1998 about 5,000 employers had 20 or more quarters of employment tax debt; by FY 2007, the number had grown to over 10,000. By December 2015, according to IRS records, there were almost 17,000 employers with 20 or more quarters of employment tax debt— thereby more than tripling in the 17-year period.
Despite the felony penalty for willful failure to pay employment tax, fewer than 100 criminal convictions are handed down per year. In many of the unprosecuted cases, the IRS sought civil penalties such as liens and the TFRP rather than criminal charges.
Employers essentially hold their workers’ withheld employment taxes in trust before sending them to the IRS. So one of the tools at the IRS’ disposal in such cases is the Trust Fund Recovery Penalty (TFRP); it’s a civil enforcement tool that can be used in egregious cases to discourage employers from continued nonpayment of employment tax.
The loss of revenue officers due to budget cuts has further hurt enforcement efforts.
In fiscal year 2015, the IRS assessed the TFRP against some 27,000 employers – but that was 38 percent fewer than just five years before because of diminished officer resources, TIGTA found.
The Inspector General’s report makes it clear that their auditors understand the impact that protracted budget cuts have had on the enforcement process. But the recommendation is to forward the most blatant cases to the Criminal Investigation (CI) section of the IRS.
“Our purpose in the recommendation is to clarify that deceit is not required for a conviction under I.R.C. § 7202,” the report states. “For example, the statute does not require that a taxpayer convert withheld trust fund taxes for personal use. In addition, there are numerous egregious cases available that should be considered for investigation that are not even referred to CI or considered. This includes cases with over $1 million and individuals involved with 10 or more companies that failed to provide the money to IRS that was being held “in trust” for the Federal government.”
The IRS agreed with TIGTA’s recommendation to adopt a more focused strategy on collection of egregious employment. But the IRS says their limited resources and other factors don’t allow for all the cases to be assigned to the Criminal Investigations Division. | <urn:uuid:88aa2c21-2a32-4092-8e06-4c4ba1c94683> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.drakesoftware.com/taxing-subjects/tigta-finds-employment-tax-noncompliance-growing/ | 2023-09-22T11:59:02Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.961557 | 713 |
The warm weather of southern California has made an impact on many homes decor around Orange County. In addition, the constant search for a better looking home has evolved the typical carpet to high end tile floors in the main living areas. Therefore, stone floors are very common in Orange County as they cool of the temprature of the home, while also making the cleaning maintenance much easier.
However, cleaning the stone floors periodically is vital in order to keep the shine and the prestige look of the tiles. Stone polishing is needed once every few years if you wish to restore the new and shining look to your floor.
Also, part of the stone polishing service is finding and repairing any cracks in the stone tiles. Especially in travertine floors over time cracks and holes are emerging, which makes the floor appear damaged.
Therefore, stone polishing will bring the bright and shine look to your floor as if they were brand new.
A high percentage of our stone polishing customers request the service due to puting their home for sale in the market. The new polished floor gives the potential buyer the feel that the home is well maintained. Also, the potential buyer will take under consideration the overall condition of the home while making an offer. Over the years we have seen great success with stone polishing before selling a home on the market.
We work with management companies and real estate agents on all rental properties and properties for sale in order to add value to the real estate.
Tile cleaning and stone polishing are services that start at a price of $1/square foot. In order to get a free quote please contact Dr. Carpet for immediate assitance.
You can always count on Richard to save the day. We had a tenant that left our carpet in complete mess. As always, Richard wasn’t overwhelmed and sparkled the carpet to look amazing again.
I don't normally write reviews, but Tal was such a pleasure to work with. He was always responsive to my concerns and was flexible with my schedule. But the most important he made my carpets look brand new again in no time.
This is the best carpet company I’ve ever used. They were on time, totally professional and my carpet looks brand new. I had my carpets stretched and cleaned and they look amazing!! I couldn’t
be happier. Will only use Dr. Carpet for my household cleaning.
Services: Pet stain & odor removal, General carpet cleaning, Area rug cleaning
Positive: Professionalism, Punctuality, Quality, Responsiveness, Value
I really appreciate the help with the air duct cleaning today. Great before and after photos and the air feels much fresher.
With 3 kids and two dogs you can imagine the kind of dirt I get on my carpet and mainly in the stairs. Rich has been huge help over the years helping us maintain a clean home. I highly recommend their service. | <urn:uuid:02bcc9cd-ba85-4903-a51c-ff0c354838b8> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.drcarpetoc.com/stone-polishing/ | 2023-09-22T11:40:26Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.965385 | 596 |
Multiple Dressing Layered Mini Poncho Dress
The Multiple Dressing Layered Mini Poncho Dress is a fashion must have which can be worn at the office and then for a night out at a bar right after! The cute ruffle-layer top give an elegant, cute feel to the comfortable and oversized dress. The short length accentuates your curves with body-hugging silhouette, you are sure to feel sexy and elegant whether you are owning it in that important meeting or owning it on the dance floor.
Features•Elastic neckline for multiple dressing style
•On-shoulder, off-shoulder, and one-shoulder look in one
•Ruffle-layer top in loose fit combines hip-package mini underdress
Easy Return During 14 Days after you received, We gladly accept returns within 14 days of receipt for most items in new condition if you're not 100% satisfied with the items you received. Learn More
SHIPPING POLICYProcessing Time: 3-5 Day(s)
Shipping Time: 5-12 Day(s)
Receiving Time = Processing Time + Shipping Time
SHIPPING MOTHODS: We ship internationally via DHL/UPS/USPS/EUB/4PX/USPS and etc, the Logistics Service we use depending on the shipping mothod you choose when placing your order and your destination. | <urn:uuid:fc45d746-c1ce-44eb-b47c-92b4ade79162> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dressesn.com/products/multiple-dressing-layered-mini-poncho-dress | 2023-09-22T11:54:22Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.866052 | 298 |
‘The Energy Efficient Buildings (EeB) Public Private Partnership (PPP) is a joint initiative of the European Commission (EC) and the construction industry, represented by the Energy Efficient Buildings (E2B) Committee of the European Construction, built environment and energy efficient building Technology Platform (ECTP). This initiative aims at promoting research on new methods and technologies to accelerate the process of reduction of energy use in new and retrofitted buildings and to improve the European industrial competitiveness. One of the contractual PPP commitments consists in monitoring the impact and exploitable outcomes generated by the projects.’ (1)
Drive 0 is mentioned in the EeB PPP Project Review 2022! You’ll find us on page 30.
(1) Source: EeB PPP Project Review | <urn:uuid:ce01c37f-55fd-4feb-93e8-e0e30f352761> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.drive0.eu/eeb-ppp-project-review-2022/ | 2023-09-22T11:15:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.893949 | 164 |
In the first half of 2023, Li Auto delivered a total of 139,117 new vehicles to customers and surpassed 30,000 units for the first time in June. Looking ahead to the second half of this year, they aim for a monthly delivery target of 40,000 units in the fourth quarter, relying on their L-series products. Li Auto’s ambition is to become the top-selling luxury brand in the Chinese market, with a target of 1.6 million vehicles by 2025.
Starting June 28, the Geely Zeekr 001 coupé and X SUV officially opened for pre-orders in Europe. In the European market, the 001 starts at €59,490, while the X starts at €44,990. The new vehicles will go on sale in Sweden and the Netherlands first.
The Volvo EX90 launch has been delayed by five or six months on software integration issues. U.S. deliveries are expected to begin in the third quarter of 2024. Volvo Cars CEO Jim Rowan pinned the delay on the complexity of the software code around the EX90’s lidar system. The EX90 won’t drive itself at launch, but autonomy will come later with a software update.
Hesai Technology will supply lidar units for OE installation on several upcoming SAIC commercial vehicle models. The vehicles will feature Hesai’s AT128, a leading-edge, automotive-grade, ultra-high resolution long-range lidar. It’s a key milestone in Hesai’s strategic collaboration with SAIC Commercial Vehicle Division and Utopilot to advance intelligent driving technologies.
Innoviz and Loxo are stepping up their partnership to utilize InnovizOne lidar technology in Loxo’s zero-emission delivery vehicles. This technology advancement aids the sustainable transport of goods from local distribution hubs to consumers.
Horizon Robotics, a Chinese automotive computing solution provider, announced a strategic partnership agreement with Aptiv. Horizon will use their Journey chips to help Aptiv and their Wind River subsidiary, a provider of critical mission intelligent edge software, create fully integrated hardware and software solutions for automakers.
Aurora expects to complete a prototype of their lidar-on-chips by the end of the year. This chip is expected to be part of the company’s self-driving systems from 2027, in partnership with Continental. This development should bring the cost per unit on par with competitors. Aurora sees their lidar sensors as a unique advantage: it can measure the speed using a FMCW technology and a continuous beam of light. | <urn:uuid:61c1cea2-3685-4664-84b1-8261f23b1540> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.drivingvisionnews.com/news/2023/08/02/lidar-business-news-2/ | 2023-09-22T12:29:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.911461 | 538 |
Hindsight: Pro12Ala Missense Mutation of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor [gamma] and Diabetes MellitusSaturday, January 7, 2012
Since my first publication in 1987, I have authored or co-authored well over 300 peer-reviewed papers, about half of which are on topics related to obesity. This year, I thought I would dedicate my Saturday posts to reviewing some of these papers and sharing the stories behind them. If nothing else, it may point readers to some of the topics that have found my interest me over the years.
The first of my obesity papers to come up in a PubMed search is that of my MD-doctoral student Jens Ringel, published in Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1999), looking at a common genetic variant of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARg), a nuclear receptor, that regulates adipocyte differentiation and possibly lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
In this study, we specifically examined the allelic frequencies of the missense C –> G mutation at codon 12 of this gene, which results in the substitution of proline with alanine (Pro12Ala) in subjects with type 1 (n = 522) and type 2 (n = 503) diabetes compared to that in healthy controls (n = 310) and found no differences between these groups. There was also no significant relationship between dyslipoproteinemia or obesity and the PPARg Pro12Ala genotype.
Thus, these findings did not support the hypothesis that this genetic variant is strongly associated with diabetes, obesity, or dyslipidemia in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus and we concluded that this genetic marker is therefore unlikely to serve as a clinically useful predictor of these disorders in Caucasian patients with diabetes mellitus.
In hindsight such an assumption may appear rather naive, given that today we know that it takes far larger sample sizes (10s of thousands of subjects) and far more sophisticated analyses to stand even a remote chance of identifying genes for complex diseases. But back in 1999, when this paper was published, many of us were churning out papers looking at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of candidate genes in a few hundred samples.
According to Google Scholar, this paper has been cited 134 times, so I guess someone did find this study of interest after all.
Ringel J, Engeli S, Distler A, & Sharma AM (1999). Pro12Ala missense mutation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and diabetes mellitus. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 254 (2), 450-3 PMID: 9918859 | <urn:uuid:82026f1a-a426-4e70-b4cd-0dafe4b53997> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.drsharma.ca/obesity-hindsight-pro12ala-missense-mutation-of-the-peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma-and-diabetes-mellitus | 2023-09-22T11:08:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.92619 | 565 |
As we get older, many of us begin to notice significant changes in our facial skin. These changes can take the form of fine lines, wrinkles, lost volume, and sagging, which are issues that tend to make us look much older than we truly are. Fortunately, there are excellent cosmetic treatments available to reduce signs of aging and restore your smooth, vibrant facial skin. If you’d like to achieve a more youthful facial appearance, VIPS provides dermal fillers in the Richmond, Northern Virginia, Tyson's Corner, Washington DC, & Charlottesville areas.
Our Dermal Fillers
At the Virginia Institute of Plastic Surgery, we offer a variety of different dermal fillers in the Richmond, Northern Virginia, Washington DC, & Charlottesville areas, each of which offers its own unique uses and advantages:
- Restylane - Restylane is a hyaluronic acid-based dermal filler used to smooth various types of wrinkles, including nasolabial folds, marionette lines, smile lines, and lip lines. Restylane can also enhance the shape and volume of the lips.
- Juvéderm - Juvéderm is another hyaluronic acid-based dermal filler used to reduce fine lines and wrinkles while adding natural-looking volume to the skin.
- Juvéderm Voluma - Another filler from the Juvéderm product line is Juvéderm Voluma, a hyaluronic-acid-based dermal filler used to add lift and volume to the cheeks.
- Radiesse - Radiesse is a calcium hydroxylapatite-based dermal filler used to smooth moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds. Additionally, Radiesse can be used to rejuvenate and plump the skin on the back of the hands.
- RHA Collection - The RHA Collection is a collection of several hyaluronic acid-based dermal fillers developed by Revance. These versatile fillers can be used to treat all kinds of facial lines and wrinkles, including nasolabial folds, lip lines, and marionette lines. Certain RHA fillers are also effective for adding volume to the lips and cheeks.
- Versa - Versa, developed by Revanesse, is a hyaluronic acid-based dermal filler used primarily to create smoother, more youthful-looking facial skin. Versa is effective in treating sagging skin, nasolabial folds, lip lines, marionette lines, and other wrinkles.
- Renuva - Renuva is a unique dermal filler made with collagen, growth factors, and proteins typically found in fat. Renuva is primarily used to add natural-looking volume to the facial skin and other areas of the body. This filler also has long-lasting effects on the overall health and complexion of the skin.
- Sculptra - Sculptra is a poly-L-lactic acid-based dermal filler used for general facial rejuvenation, which includes restoring lost volume and smoothing wrinkles. Sculptra also stimulates increased collagen production, which leads to healthier, more vibrant skin for a prolonged period. | <urn:uuid:bcab5f30-3266-420d-bc53-86f601d1a870> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.drsundin.com/non-surgical/injectables/dermal-fillers/ | 2023-09-22T12:41:56Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.878461 | 657 |
The purpose of science and research is to explain and understand phenomena and processes in the world, as well as to predict the occurrence and course of these phenomena. A scientist is bound by general ethics like any other human being, but the responsibility is also greater because scientists are assigned a high rank and trust in society.
The ULS's Research Ethics Committee helps to understand and implement, among other things: recommendations for dealing with scientific data, research procedures, publishing procedures, and reviewing and giving opinions on papers.
The ULS's Research Ethics Committee
The Committeewas established on 15 March 2018 (by ULS Rector's Order No. 4/2018 of 15 March 2018 on the Regulations of the University Committeefor Research Ethics at the University of Lower Silesia).
The regulations currently in force were introduced on 14 January 2020 (by the Rector's Order No. 1/2020 of 14 January 2020 on the introduction of the Regulations of the University Committee for Research Ethics at the University of Lower Silesia).
The purpose of the Committee is to give an opinion on research projects carried out by employees, students, PhD students and external entities at ULS. The Committee's opinion concerns only the observance of the principles of research ethics and respect for the rights to protect the personal rights of research participants.
Current Membership of the University's Research Ethics Committee:
- Chairperson - Dr. Maria Reut, Prof. ULS
- Secretary - Tomasz Zarębski, PhD, Prof. ULS
- Representative of the Faculty of Applied Studies - Jolanta Zwiernik, PhD, ULS Professor
- Representative of the Faculty of Applied Studies - Dr. Remigiusz Szczepanowski, Prof. ULS
- Representative of the Faculty of Applied Studies - Agnieszka Węglińska, PhD, Prof. ULS
- Representative of the Faculty of Applied Studies - Dr. Marek Heine, Prof. ULS | <urn:uuid:368d0de2-52a9-4711-8271-7953cb1b3049> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dsw.edu.pl/english/research-and-science/ethics-research | 2023-09-22T13:01:41Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.919598 | 411 |
Our SSE Airtricity League Premier Division game against Sligo Rovers, which was due to be played at The Showgrounds on Saturday, June 11th, has been postponed.
The fixture will be rescheduled due to the fact that Nathan Shepperd and Joe Adams have been named in the Wales squad for their upcoming UEFA European U21 Championship Qualifiers.
The Welsh face the Netherlands on June 11th before ending the campaign against Gibraltar on June 14th. Both games will be played at Parc y Scarlets in Llanelli
It means that our first game back after the mid-season break will take place on Friday, June 17th when Shamrock Rovers visit Oriel Park.
Three other SSE Airtricity League Premier Division games that were due to take place that weekend have also been called off.
Drogheda United v UCD, Shelbourne v Derry City and St Patrick’s Athletic v Shamrock Rovers, which were all scheduled for Friday, June 10th, have been postponed
New dates and kick-off times will be confirmed in due course. | <urn:uuid:c132dfba-7b49-4fcc-a28b-634afa20fb6e> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dundalkfc.com/sligo-game-postponed/ | 2023-09-22T12:54:29Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.981197 | 230 |
As part of the preparation for this special Féile weekend the Club have arranged a religious blessing service in the Main Hall on Wednesday night at 9pm. Fr Mullan will be there to lead the service.
All of the Féile Squad should attend, along with parents, family, club members and whoever else wants to attend.
This will also act as a final information evening for those planning on making the trip this weekend.
The Players will also be presented with their pack of Club gear. | <urn:uuid:36c99ee1-f624-4a07-b45e-4bd2e2f86597> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dungivengac.com/2012/06/feile-squad-special-service/ | 2023-09-22T11:47:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.949753 | 102 |
The Club Shop, which stocks an extensive range of Club merchandise, is now open every Saturday from 11am-1pm.
For further info call Attracta on 07796 277855
Saturday 20th April 2013
St Canice’s Gac Presents
Belfast in the 1970s. The height of the troubles. In a room at the back of popular confectionery shop, ‘The Sweety Bottle’, operates an even more popular drinking den. This shebeen is a place where punters come to escape the troubles around them and also to exorcise their own personal demons.
Through the many huge characters and calamitous incidents, we embark on a voyage to an era where the city and its people never ceased to find humour in even the darkest of times. A hilariously nostalgic trip down memory lane, ‘The Sweety Bottle’ is sure to have you crying with laughter as we remember everything that was good about Belfast during the rare auld times.
Tickets on sale shortly.
To Keep up to date with what’s happening in Your Club,PLEASE LOG YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS on our website www.dungivengac.com and you’ll be automatically emailed updated with notes as they are added.. | <urn:uuid:37467d5f-a250-44c7-9660-464307666269> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dungivengac.com/2013/01/weekly-club-notes-wc-07012013/ | 2023-09-22T11:18:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.933388 | 272 |
Wealth Management Advisor Northwestern Mutual
How We Learned to Love It or List It – Regular Meeting at Core Catering Cafe
Fellow Durham Sunrise member Todd Grantham and his family recently appeared on the HGTV series “Love It or List It”, as the subjects and prospective beneficiaries of a “hands-off” renovation of their home. Join us to hear Todd provide some “behind the scenes” insights, and an assessment of the overall experience !
Please Log in to make an announcement | <urn:uuid:0e1bbd7a-8aac-477d-8f0f-3e0bd70cc056> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.durhamsunriserotary.org/speaker/regular-meeting-at-core-catering-cafe-7/ | 2023-09-22T11:36:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.959368 | 115 |
Ten Camping Tips
Ten Ways to Camp Better (and More)
Camping is one of the best and easiest escapes into nature, away from the chores of daily life. The more nights this summer you can spend staring at a campfire and sleeping under a canopy of stars, the better, even if you stay close to home. Here are ten ways to make it more fun and happen more often.
1. Night Lighting
A campsite can feel a little lonely when you’re walking around in the darkness if the only light is coming from the small LED bulb in your headlamp. One or two additional lighting options can make the campsite, kitchen, and tent feel more inviting.
2. Camp on a School Night
A camping trip doesn’t have to take up an entire weekend or be a three-day backpacking route somewhere far away from home. No matter what city you live in, there are usually campsites within a 90-minute commute from downtown via train, bus, bike, or car. For example, Indiana Dunes State Park is a 90-minute train ride from downtown Chicago and has 140 campsites. The campgrounds at Colorado’s Cherry Creek State Park (pictured) are a 12-mile bike ride, all on off-street bike paths, from downtown Denver.
What’s more, hardly anyone is there on a Tuesday night. Arrive on a weeknight just in time for a late dinner, then get up early the next morning to head into work. Or show up at the office with your car packed, then head out right after work (or a few minutes early), and while everyone is at happy hour still dressed in their business casual, you can be working on starting a campfire somewhere quiet.
3. Take It a Little Farther Into the Backcountry
You don’t need the newest, shiniest, most ultralight, super ultrahigh-tech gear to go backpacking. It’s nice, of course, and can enable getting farther down the trail or up the mountain before you stop and camp for the night. But, the fact is, if you have strong legs and a big enough backpack, you can take pretty much whatever you want on a backpacking trip—and you don’t have to go far to get solitude.
Two or three miles down a trail can get you to a spot much quieter than any car-camping site. You might miss the bathrooms and the picnic tables, but you won’t miss the other people (especially the kind who like to slam car doors all night or drink around a campfire until 2 a.m.). If you already have solid backpacking gear, and you’re looking for something new, strap your camping gear on your mountain bike or road bike or stuff it in a rented kayak or canoe and find a new spot via a new mode of travel.
4. Don’t Sacrifice Having Good Coffee
Even when we talk of “roughing it,” cowboy coffee is a thing of the past—unless you like your pot or cup of coffee unfiltered and drunk when the grounds sink to the bottom. Today the camping and coffee industries have synced up, and there’s no reason to drink the subpar stuff of the past.
5. Find (or Make) a Better Pillow
A great pillow can mean the difference between a decent night’s sleep and a restless night of tossing and turning between positions to find the one that’s least likely to put “call chiropractor” on your to-do list at the end of your camping trip.
6. Don’t Stress About Campsite Availability
Nothing’s worse than being that person driving around the campground at 11 p.m. on a Friday night looking for the last vacant spot to pitch your tent—except being all the people trying to sleep or enjoy a quiet night in front of a fire as that person drives around shining their headlights around the campground. Thankfully, many state parks, national parks, and private campgrounds have now instituted reservation systems, which provide a little peace of mind for those of us who used to race out of town on Friday afternoon to try to secure first-come, first-served spots. Many state park websites allow you to reserve any campsite months in advance, and the online reservation system at Recreation.gov lists thousands of national park and national forest campsites across the U.S., most with campground maps and many with photos of individual campsites.
7. You Don’t Have to Eat Freeze-Dried Food
There are tons of easy ideas that can boost food morale on camping trips—ultralight or not. Hard cheeses will stay edible for days in backpacks. Fresh vegetables don’t have to be refrigerated right up until the moment you eat them—they can survive a couple days in the back of a car or a backpack. A small, sealed bottle of olive oil boosts backcountry pasta dishes. Buy a small cutting board just for your camping trips.
8. Discover Water-Resistant Down
It used to be that goose-down-filled sleeping bags were lighter, warmer, and more compressible, but bags filled with synthetic material kept you warm even when their insulation material got wet. Once goose down took on moisture, it clumped, leaving it with almost no insulation value. Enter treated down, which is when down feathers are coated to become water-resistant or water-repellent—the best thing to happen to sleeping bags since the zipper. While it still doesn’t perform when wet quite as well as wet synthetic insulation, treated down is a huge leap forward for down. It absorbs nearly a third less water, dries 60 percent faster, and retains more loft (and insulation) than untreated down. While it’s not waterproof, treated down performs far better in wet environments—inside tents where condensation drips from the walls or soaks into sleeping bags when they touch the walls, inside bivy sacks, next to a river or creek, or even in light rain. Most major companies now include water-resistant down in several sleeping bag models.
9. Build a House on Wheels
If you can sleep in your car, you often don’t even need a campsite—just a dark, quiet spot to pull off the road somewhere. If you haven’t followed the #vanlife hashtag on Instagram, the 200,000-plus photos you’ll find there will provide plenty of brainstorming material—and envy. The expensive options are buying a Volkswagen Eurovan, custom Sprinter Van RV conversion, or Sportsmobile.
Less expensive options include buying a van and converting it yourself—like Alex Honnold and hundreds of other “dirtbag” rock climbers—by building a bed platform for the back of your truck or buying a rocket box for your station wagon or SUV to keep all your gear in so you can sleep in the back.
10. But First, Organize
If every camping trip starts with a two-hour effort to locate all your gear and load it into the car, going camping will feel like work. Keep a prepacked box of your camping gear in a certain corner of your house or garage—or better yet, in the trunk of your car—all summer, and you’ll be ready to hit the road with minimal stress every time. Keep your tent, sleeping bag, and sleeping pad together, along with your lighting (headlamp with extra batteries, lantern, and/or tent lights). Pack the kitchen stuff together (repack it in your garage or car immediately after you’ve cleaned it from the previous trip): your stove, enough stove fuel for the next trip, coffee-making apparatus, lighter, knife, pots, mugs, bowls, spoons, forks, other kitchen equipment, a water container, and nonperishable food items. This way you can head out of town with only one or two stops for last-minute groceries and firewood. | <urn:uuid:adf652f5-ec63-469d-a439-9cfa121d1675> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dvorakexpeditions.com/blog/ten-camping-tips/ | 2023-09-22T12:49:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.92158 | 1,672 |
Economize on WP Premiums!
With Ultimate Member Real-time Notifications add a real-time notification system to your site so users can receive updates and notifications directly on your website as they happen. This helps to increase user engagement and keep users on your site.
There are no reviews yet.
You must be logged in to post a review. | <urn:uuid:882a7fa7-1d4c-4b84-b61d-2c0994ff4c67> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.dxthemes.com/product/ultimate-member-real-time-notifications-addon-download/ | 2023-09-22T11:26:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.917041 | 81 |
Island Estates in Clearwater offers plenty of options for real estate investment within the type of intra-coastal condos. Search newly listed Maui condos on the market. The time has come to maneuver out of your parents home and also you’re fascinated with all the countless gadgets you’re going to want on your new apartment, condo townhouse, or home. Dwelling in an residence dealing with the water additionally provides you more privateness than a downtown condominium can supply.
Santo Domingo, Boca Chica and Juan Dolio Actual Property, gives on the market: Apartments – Condos, Houses – Villas, Land – Land Tons and Commercial properties, as well as Rentals. Two of the four items on this affiliation at the moment are obtainable for sale. This excellent Rental affords a spacious dwelling area.
The models are composed by 2 or 3 bedrooms and a couple of full bathtub, living room, Kitchen, Dinning, Terrace and backyard. The condos in Island Stroll, constructed in 1982, provide 4 models of condos. Oceanfront condos are largely developed by realtors to be leased out to accommodations and resorts.
So, trying into condominiums on the market at Lake Las Vegas can be literally good for you. In the event you think the Palm Beach way of life is for you, give Dermot OBrien a name at (561) 317-1177 and schedule a non-public viewing of an Oasis Singer Island Condo for Sale.
In future, Calgarians will see extra condominium towers along the LRT traces as the city builds up as a substitute of out. You possibly can even choose loans in the property developers to purchase your dream house and make it your individual very quickly. What you said about who the true estate agent is working for should be carved in marble. | <urn:uuid:ddb80982-f7f2-40c6-a644-a3f84df4805e> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.earlerichmond.com/marquis-miami-condos-for-sale-and-rent.html | 2023-09-22T11:49:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.943015 | 387 |
Blog - Lafayette, CA
Tips, Facts, And The
Latest In Dentistry
How to Properly Care for Your Porcelain Veneers
If you’ve invested in any treatment that improves your smile, most likely you want to be sure it last for many years. This is especially true for porcelain veneers, which are often used to cosmetically enhance the teeth that show when you smile. Porcelain veneers are a low-maintenance treatment and when properly cared for, can last 20+ years without major issues.
4 ways you can keep your veneers in tip-top shape
- Keep a proper oral hygiene routine:
While porcelain veneers are stain-resistant and won’t decay, your natural teeth are still susceptible to these issues. Maintain a routine of brushing twice a day, flossing once a day, and rinsing nightly with mouthwash. There’s no need to brush your teeth vigorously if you’re applying a circular, even motion. Make sure you use a soft bristle toothbrush and non-abrasive toothpaste, so you don’t harm the porcelain material.
- Refrain from grinding your teeth or chewing on hard objects.
The same recommendation goes for natural teeth, but since porcelain veneers are slightly less strong, following this tip is important. If you start grinding and clenching your teeth, tell your dentist so he or she can provide necessary treatment, usually an occlusal guard. Additionally, avoid chewing on pens or pencils and ice, and biting into hard foods with your front teeth.
- Protect your smile during contact sports.
Any activity or sport that is high impact always increases the risk for oral or dental trauma. If you are a participant in these events, be sure to wear a protective guard over your teeth and porcelain veneers. You don’t want your beautiful smile harmed when preventive measures are so easy!
- Visit your dentist regularly.
Your attractive smile might have you thinking that dental appointments are no longer necessary but think again! Routine visits to your dentist ensure that no decay or disease is present in your mouth that could damage your teeth, gums, and veneers.
Schedule your appointment | <urn:uuid:9a0557a3-b3c4-4f5d-b742-04666f0f73a1> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.eastbayhealthysmiles.com/blog/how-to-properly-care-for-your-porcelain-veneers | 2023-09-22T11:12:08Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.912946 | 477 |
Heatilator Eco-Choice BH60 Heavy Duty Auger Motor 6 RPM- CCW
High quality auger motor for Heatilator Eco-Choice BH60 pellet stoves. 6 RPM. This motor is the highest quality gearbox motor and is truly the workhorse of the line to help prevent auger jams compared to other common motors. Rugged, trouble-free. Our most popular gearbox motor based upon superior performance. Must be set counterclockwise from the rear. | <urn:uuid:683720d5-5b78-4644-8433-939c6d07260f> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.eastcoasthearth.com/collections/parts-for-quadrafire-stove/products/heatilator-eco-choice-bh60-heavy-duty-auger-motor-6-rpm-ccw | 2023-09-22T12:12:23Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.827836 | 101 |
Englander 4 RPM Heavy Duty Auger Motor for 10-CDV Corn Stove - Replaces CU-047044- CCW from rear - 2 Male Clips 904
This High Quality 4 RPM auger motor (904) for Englander top feeder pellet stoves - CW from rear - 2 Male Clips. See below for specific pellet stove models. Replaces part # CU-047044. This motor is the highest quality gearbox motor made by Gleason-Avery with stall torque at 180 in lbs truly the workhorse of the line to help prevent auger jams compared to other common motors that are approx. 155 in lbs. Uses needle bearings. Longer lasting than ball bearings.
The auger motor turns the auger, which transfers the pellets from the hopper to the burn pot. It feeds the fire and keeps the flame going. The auger motor must be replaced if it slows down or skips under a load (gears are stripped in the gear box when turning the auger.)
In older stove models the auger may stop when the stove gets hot. This may mean the auger motor needs replacing. Please consult a professional in your area to determine that this is the issue. | <urn:uuid:3c2a07dc-1246-471c-8d19-22683e3c2dbc> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.eastcoasthearth.com/products/englander-4-rpm-heavy-duty-auger-motor-for-10-cdv-corn-stove-replaces-cu-047044-ccw-from-rear-2-male-clips-s904 | 2023-09-22T11:53:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.851223 | 275 |
Everyone on YouTube wants their video to be viewed as much as possible and to establish themselves as a well-known influencer. They are all making an effort to acquire enough views. If it doesn't, you can buy Youtube views. Higher views enhance the legitimacy of your video and attract users to your channel. You might utilise this to boost the popularity of your channel. Famups is one of the best websites to get real YouTube views at a reasonable price. They pledged to provide authentic, high-quality views. | <urn:uuid:df3ed55d-08da-45ca-bb88-4ecf1b5ff895> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.eazeeclassified.com/advertisement/buy-real-youtube-views-at-cheap-price | 2023-09-22T10:42:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.966736 | 106 |
J. Smith Oil Painting of Floral Still Life
Untitled (floral still life with fruit)
Oil painting on canvas
Signed “J. Smith” to the lower right
- Item not examined outside of mounting
- billowing to canvas; gilt loss and abrasions to frame.
- measures frame; sight measures 23.5" W x 35.5" H. | <urn:uuid:c930f0c2-1b59-48ee-9709-c56a3d392981> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.ebth.com/items/13415049-j-smith-oil-painting-of-floral-still-life | 2023-09-22T12:09:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.832373 | 99 |
(Ecofin Agency) - In August 2021, Anwar Soussa became Safaricom Ethiopia's first CEO. As such, he coordinated the launch of the company's commercial activities and the gradual roll-out of its telecoms network. The company registered 4 million subscribers in just a few months.
On Tuesday, June 27, Safaricom Telecommunications Ethiopia PLC (STEP), the mobile phone company, announced a major change in its management. The Belgian Wim Vanhelleputte is its new CEO. He will replace Anwar Soussa, whose mandate ends on August 31, 2023.
Vanhelleputte will take over as the telecom operator enters a new phase of its growth. In May 2023, the company acquired an operating license for its mobile money service, M-Pesa, from the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE), at a cost of $150 million.
Safaricom Ethiopia has also secured financial support from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). This will help bolster its business development in the East African country.
In his new role, Vanhelleputte will be responsible for driving Safaricom Ethiopia's growth strategy in a telecom market undergoing liberalization. It is worth noting that competition in the sector is becoming tougher.
With 70 million subscribers, the incumbent operator Ethio Telecom is set to receive financial and technical support from an international telecom operator, in exchange for a minority stake in its shareholding. Additionally, a second operator is expected to enter the market very soon.
With over 25 years of experience in the Sub-Saharan African telecom market, Vanhelleputte brings a great expertise to his new role. In fact, he has held leadership positions in various companies across the continent. This include MTN Côte d'Ivoire, MTN Uganda, Airtel Africa, Sentel GSM Senegal, TchadMobile, and Telcel Gabon. Since August 2022, he served as the Director of Operations for West and Central Africa at MTN Group. In this position, he oversees four companies.
In a press release, Safaricom stated: "With Wim's arrival, we have planned for a smooth transition to ensure that we continue our momentum and realize our vision of transforming the lives of all Ethiopians through a digital future."
Isaac K. Kassouwi | <urn:uuid:5cfe72cf-a481-428a-aa8b-24613baa49bb> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.ecofinagency.com/telecom/3006-44688-ethiopia-belgian-wim-vanhelleputte-to-succeed-anwar-soussa-as-safaricom-ceo | 2023-09-22T10:25:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.949917 | 497 |
Blog aggregator for economics research
Critical Thinking AppliedThis page list the blog posts that were indexed on EconAcademics.Org, along with the mentioned research items or authors linked to IDEAS. In all, these are 1 blog posts referring to 1 distinct items or authors.
The complete blog can be found here: Critical Thinking Applied
- Jörg Bibow, 2001. "On the 'Burden' of German Unification: The Economic Consequences of Messrs. Waigel and Tietmeyer," Macroeconomics 0106004, EconWPA. | <urn:uuid:cd24d248-eed0-4686-b949-e9298a7fbab0> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.econacademics.org/blogs/criticalthinkingapplied.html | 2023-09-22T12:06:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.851974 | 127 |
Beyond the Perfect Storm: The Corporate Sustainability Challenge
18th May 2016
Transforming the world to sustainability requires organisational leadership, skilled professionals and a desire for change. Concerns that were once viewed as distant and risks that were uncertain are now increasingly having an impact on businesses, economic prosperity and communities, health and wellbeing. Climate change, population growth, threats to nature, resource concerns, and global development pressures all combine to herald a ‘perfect storm'.
Sustainable development is the goal many businesses and governments are working towards. Innovating and resolving the sustainability challenge, rather than balancing and trading off impacts between environmental, social or economic conditions, is essential. Sustainability and environment professionals are central to this agenda.
Some companies are collaborating, innovating and engaging with stakeholders across their value chains on sustainability. Leading organisations are renewing and rebuilding their business models and opening doors for change locally and across continents.
In Preparing for the Perfect Storm, published in 2014, IEMA outlined the key environmental risks and challenges affecting businesses and the role of skilled environment and sustainability professionals in helping organisations to adapt. Beyond the Perfect Storm updates these risks, opportunities and dependencies, providing a vision of corporate sustainability and a review of practitioner insights on the challenge of transforming organisations for sustainable development.
Action inspires action. Stay ahead of the curve with sustainability and energy newsletters from edieSubscribe | <urn:uuid:63d65557-6dbf-4715-81e4-40ae5430d3bc> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.edie.net/beyond-the-perfect-storm-the-corporate-sustainability-challenge/ | 2023-09-22T11:14:26Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.934898 | 278 |
Skip to content
The Editorial Board.
normal partisan politics
In the face of authoritarianism, don’t lose hope. Normal partisan politics can save democracy
August 11, 2021
The Dems are pushing a fault line within the GOP to its breaking point. | <urn:uuid:3363b4a6-3fd5-4fe6-ba12-08193378806c> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.editorialboard.com/tag/normal-partisan-politics/ | 2023-09-22T10:32:16Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.73069 | 81 |
At home or at the track or field, the TK950 Soldering Station is the right tool for many jobs. Superior electronics ensure long-lasting performance; the slender, insulated handle provides comfortable control. It heats up quickly to the selected temperature within a wide 392-896°F range and holds that setting within 1.8°F while idle. Two tips are included: a chisel point that increases surface contact for stronger joints, and a pencil tip for precise applications.
- High-quality electronics ensure that the TK950 delivers professional results and dependable service for any hobby application or household project.
- Heavy-duty 60-watt design.
- Heats up quickly to selected temperature and holds settings within 1.8°F (1°C).
- Slender, insulated handle for comfortable grip.
- Includes chisel point tip and pencil tip.
- Also comes with iron stand, sponge and vinyl wrap.
- 1-year limited warranty. | <urn:uuid:99ea67b8-0876-44d6-a3e0-b04d648727e0> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.edsrc.com/products/trakpower-tk-950-soldering-station | 2023-09-22T11:29:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.874925 | 202 |
Updated: Aug 17
Don't Waste It! is a new educator guide to waste management. The guide includes 11 lessons covering five themes: municipal solid waste, recycling, plastics, composting, and landfills. Don't Waste It! is designed for both formal and non-formal educators with lessons for pre-K to 12th graders that can easily be adapted for adult audiences. Each lesson includes a group activity, independent practice, extensions, and additional activities.
Developed by Chatham County Solid Waste and Recycling, Don’t Waste It! Is going to be expanding through the southeast. The Southeastern Environmental Education Alliance (SEEA) has been awarded a $100,000 environmental education grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Over the next two years, we’ll be creating state-specific versions of the guide and then launching in-person and virtual training opportunities for educators to learn the curriculum. This regional project will be led by EENC’s own Lauren Pyle and Shannon Culpepper.
"The Don’t Waste It! project will help current and future educators across the southeast understand the systems for solid waste, recycling, and composting in their state. We're excited to provide educators across our region with resources and lessons to share this knowledge with students, in order to inspire their local communities to get involved with composting, recycling, and other waste reduction activities," said Don’t Waste It! Project Coordinator, Lauren Pyle.
Don't Waste It! is approved as a criteria I workshop for the NC Environmental Education certificate, so we're looking forward to building a team of facilitators who can bring this workshop to a location new year in the next couple of years.
EENC strives to be a leader in our state, region, and the nation - and this is just one example of how we’re putting this intention into action! | <urn:uuid:2d4f4196-dd6a-4150-815c-698b11c4746b> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.eenc.org/post/eenc-leads-southeast-expansion-of-don-t-waste-it-curriculum | 2023-09-22T11:23:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.929329 | 395 |
Things You'll Need
T-shirt (100 percent cotton)
Soda ash fixer
Strong laundry detergent
The tie-dying process prevents a fabric from completely absorbing dye. Tie-dye tells the dye where it is and is not allowed to color by using rubber bands or strings to tie the fabric into sections. You can tie-dye shapes and patterns in your fabric. Learn how to create a peace sign in a few steps. Tie-dying is an easy process, but a messy one. Be prepared to not only make a mess, but also have fun.
Wash the T-shirt with hot water and soda ash fixer according to the manufacturer's instructions. Do not dry.
Video of the Day
Cover the work surface with the plastic tablecloth.
Lay the T-shirt flat on the tablecloth.
Mark 1-inch lines on the bottom side seams of the T-shirt.
Fold the shirt in half and line up the lines of the shirt. Fold the shirt so that the tag is on your left and the front of the shirt is on your right.
Draw a half-circle on the left side of the shirt. The circle should start and end on the fold.
Draw the center line of the peace circle down the center of the circle with the washable markers. The line will be right on the fold.
Draw one of the arms of the peace sign from the center of the fold line to the side of the circle at a 45-degree angle.
Fold the section of the shirt that has the half-circle on it. Each fold should be about 1/2-inch sections. Fold only this section for now.
Wrap a rubber band around the folded section of the T-shirt. Place the rubber band on the marker that makes up the half-circle.
Flip the shirt onto the other side.
Fold the straight line section of the T-shirt. Before you add a rubber band, make sure it is aligned with the first folded section.
Wrap the rubber band to secure this section.
Add two or three rubber bands beneath your first two rubber bands. These will become rings around your peace sign when you dye it.
Smooth out the first folded section so that you can see the line that you drew. Fold this section toward the other rubber bands. Fold it into two separate sections similar to pigtails. Secure both at the base with a rubber band.
Pour the soda ash into the bucket. Follow the manufacturer's instructions.
Dip the T-shirt into the soda ash.
Ring the shirt out after it is completely saturated in the soda ash.
Place the wire rack inside of the plastic container. Lay the T-shirt on the rack. When it is finished washing, wash it again with 1/4 cup of the strong detergent and 1/4 cup of regular detergent.
Put on plastic gloves. Cover each of the sections of the T-shirt with a different color of dye. Let the T-shirt sit for 12 to 18 hours on the rack.
Wash the T-shirt with hot water and a very strong laundry detergent. Cut off the rubber bands.
Wash the T-shirt again with 1/4 cup of the strong detergent and 1/4 cup of regular laundry detergent.
Remove from the washing machine and allow the T-shirt to dry. | <urn:uuid:714beb70-02a7-4d29-b29b-2ba9724e23e9> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.ehow.com/how_7799402_instructions-tiedye-peace-sign.html | 2023-09-22T12:37:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.870677 | 811 |
Barbara Peña is a Tax Partner with over 20 years of public accounting experience and a member of the firm’s Corporate Tax Group. Barbara’s expertise encompasses corporate and partnership tax returns. She specializes in large and midsize businesses, tax provisions (ASC 740) and tax planning.
Barbara serves domestic and multinational clients (public and private) primarily in the manufacturing and distribution, life sciences, technology and insurance industries.
Barbara is the insurance tax lead for the firm. She is responsible for overseeing the tax compliance for all property and casualty insurance companies, life companies, and mutual insurance companies, as well as their ASC 740 and SSAP 101 income tax provisions. In addition, she is responsible for coordinating the tax training for the insurance tax specialists.
Prior to joining the firm, Barbara served in the tax group at a leading reinsurance company.
- Tax Provision – ASC 740
- Tax Compliance and Planning
- Corporate Tax
- Partnership Tax
- Individual Tax
Credentials & Education
- Certified Public Accountant (CPA)
- The College of New Jersey: BS, Accounting
- Rider University: MA
- Fairleigh Dickinson University: MST; Certificate, Corporate Taxation
- American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
- New Jersey Society of Certified Public Accountants
- Society of Insurance Financial Management
- Insurance Tax Conference | <urn:uuid:4c562fc7-c697-4d99-8d4e-86222139f018> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.eisneramper.com/about-us/professional-directory/barbara-pena/ | 2023-09-22T11:21:23Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.918068 | 294 |
Learn Robotics with Raspberry Pi
A guide to building robots with the Raspberry Pi microcomputer.
Learn Robotics with Raspberry Pi ($24.95, 200 pp., January 2019) brings beginners into robotics by focusing its robot-building projects around a $35 credit card-size Raspberry Pi microcomputer.
The book’s 19 year-old author, Matt Timmons-Brown, is also the creator of the world’s most popular Raspberry Pi YouTube channel (over 5 million views). He shows readers how to program their own complex robot from scratch while introducing them to computer science basics, electronics, and Python programming. Readers build a sophisticated two-wheeled robot that they customize, adding the ability to follow lines, see the world through sensors, and avoid obstacles. Detailed chapters on electronics basics help inexperienced makers quickly gain their footing in the robotics world.
Learn Robotics with Raspberry Pi provides a gentle introduction to this exciting field, building up from the simplest input and output examples to a robot which incorporates wireless control. —Eben Upton, Founder of the Raspberry Pi Foundation
Readers also learn how to:
- Build and manipulate electronics components like lights, sensors, and motors
- Design and assemble a robot frame with motors, a breadboard, and wiring
- Control their robot’s movements using the Python programming language
- Implement obstacle detection sensors so the robot avoids hazards
- Make their robot stand out from the crowd with speakers and lights effects
- Allow their robot to see the environment with computer vision
This guide to robotics promises to take readers from inexperienced makers to robot builders in a fun and affordable way. Now available in fine bookstores everywhere.
- Download Chapter 4: Making Your Robot Move
- Click here to download the code and resources from GitHub
- View the detailed Table of Contents
Matt Timmons-Brown is the creator of the world’s most-popular Raspberry Pi YouTube channel. His channel, The Raspberry Pi Guy hosts Raspberry Pi tutorials, videos, and other educational materials and is directly supported by ARM and the Raspberry Pi Foundation. Timmons-Brown is currently a student in Computer Science and Electronics at the University of Edinburgh.
Join 97,426 other subscribers | <urn:uuid:4f59d8ae-3acf-4eb0-8420-1c4609739153> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.electronics-lab.com/learn-robotics-raspberry-pi/ | 2023-09-22T11:10:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.877116 | 451 |
SEP 03-07, 2023 - Bilbao, Spain
EWTEC 2023 European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference
15th EWTEC, 3-7 September 2023, Bilbao, Spain
The European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC) series are international, technical and scientific conferences, focussing on renewable marine energy – wave and tidal – which are derived from the water column in the ocean. EWTEC is well established among renewable energy conferences showing considerable growth since its launch in 1993 (see Conferences). Since its inception, EWTEC has provided global focus for all activities in wave and tidal energy conversion technologies, research, development and demonstration. EWTEC is widely respected for its commitment to high quality of academic and industrial contributions, which are peer reviewed, delivered at the conference and published in the proceedings. Highly impactful outputs from the conference proceedings are normally selected to be published in the EWTEC’s International Marine Energy Journal.
Marine energy technologies and systems are progressing well with pathways to commercialisation identified. Hence, EWTEC provides a biennial forum for those at the forefront of research and technology development in the marine energy sector where they meet, interact, present their latest knowledge, debate new ideas and issues pertinent to wave and tidal energy conversion. EWTEC thus provides attendees with an unparalleled forum for knowledge transfer and debate at the cutting edge of marine renewable energy technology. | <urn:uuid:74647437-5bba-4b02-8bae-6331a321a923> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.elektroenergetika.info/m/dogceli.php?sifra=4845&strana= | 2023-09-22T11:59:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.918914 | 304 |
MDE742-30 - Waveguide/Device Holder - 30x15 mm Vacuum
Vacuum Waveguide/Device Holder - 30 mm
- 30 mm waveguide length
- 15 mm nominal height
- Vacuum mounting
- Hold-down groove custom cut for application
The model MDE742 series is a vacuum waveguide mount for central workstations MDE881 and MDE883, and for Elliot Gold™ series flexure stages. Also fits MDE147, MDE148 and MDE149 brackets. Vacuum hold-down groove cut to suit application.
Options and Accessories
Also available in copper (see right)
Other lengths: 10 mm and 14 mm
Alternative mounts: adhesive/tape or mechanical clamp
Note: The model MDE742 is not compatible with the models MDE717 and MDE718 fibre rotators. Please use the following waveguide/device holders with the MDE717 and MDE718 rotators: MDE744, MDE745, or MDE746. | <urn:uuid:354bea7c-250b-4dcb-872a-e882853ebbaf> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.elliotscientific.com/Elliot-Martock-MDE742-30-Waveguide-Device-Holder-30x15mm-Vacuum | 2023-09-22T13:03:19Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.696655 | 248 |
M Made in Italy - Linen Belted Pants
Frais de port calculés à la caisse.
These linen crop pants with belt are perfect for the warmer seasons, adding a touch of sophistication and style to any casual outfit. Made from high-quality, lightweight linen fabric, they feature a comfortable, relaxed fit that allows for easy movement and breathability. The cropped length, creating a trendy and modern look. | <urn:uuid:854c1709-04b3-420e-89a4-7686356593d4> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.emaandcarla.com/fr/products/m-made-in-italy-linen-belted-pants | 2023-09-22T10:42:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.856379 | 85 |
- City Fajr Shuruq Duhr Asr Magrib Isha
- Dubai 04:50 06:04 12:14 15:39 18:19 19:33
Have you ever wondered why cabin crew on commercial flights ask you to raise your window shade for take-off and landing?
Some of us might feel it's unnecessary to be woken up just to raise our window shade, right? Will it make a difference if we say - this could be the difference between life and death?
An Aviation Safety Officer, Saran Udayakumar, explains in Quora, "The window shade opening is a part of a long process to prepare the cabin for sudden (unexpected) emergencies."
Takeoff and landing are considered to be critical times in aviation when most accidents happen.
Flight attendants are required to prepare the aircraft for any contingencies.
The cabin crew have only 90 seconds to evacuate all passengers in case of emergencies.
The process of evacuation itself should not take more than 90 seconds regardless of the size of the aircraft or the number of passengers.
So the crew will prepare flight in advance to make this 90 second rescue possible.
A former cabin crew, informs Emirates 24|7, "Raising window shades and adjusting cabin lights ensures that passengers' eyes are well-adjusted to the light outside."
The credible team at Q&A site travel.stackexchange.com, points out a lot of really good reasons why shades are opened.
- Passengers are curious, hence they are perfect 'extra eyes' to see if something goes wrong out there, like with one of the engines. Usually passengers report any untoward incidents right away.
- In case of sudden emergencies, every second counts when it comes to being organised. If shades are open the crew can see the outside conditions, and this will help them in planning an evacuation, such as determining which doors to use (as, for example, one side may be on fire).
- During the daytime, opening window shades and putting cabin lights to full makes the eyes more used to the light. This means that if something goes wrong and people need to be evacuated quickly there will not be a sudden change in light contrast, which might lead to temporary blurred vision.
- It's the same thing on night flights: window shades are open and cabin lights are dimmed as it helps ground emergency personnel outside to see what's happening on the inside of the cabin if something goes wrong.
- Raising window shades also gives rescue personnel better visibility inside the craft.
- In case of an emergency, cabin crew need to decide which side of the aircraft is safest to disembark from. Leaving the window shade up allows them to make a quick call.
So try not to be grumpy and annoyed the next time you're asked to raise the window shades.
Follow Emirates 24|7 on Google News. | <urn:uuid:75119fe9-9478-4640-9b01-a68a5c8f030d> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.emirates247.com/lifestyle/travel/plane-secrets-why-should-we-open-window-shades-at-takeoff-landing-2016-02-07-1.620040 | 2023-09-22T11:06:49Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.918905 | 593 |
Liverpool have learned the three teams they’ll face in the Europa League group stage, with the draw being made on Friday lunchtime.
Jurgen Klopp’s side will be hoping their continental odyssey takes them all the way to lifting the trophy in Dublin next May, enabling them to win the one competition which has eluded the German during his reign at Anfield.
The Reds are joined in Group E by LASK from Austria, Union Saint-Gilloise of Belgium and Coupe de France winners Toulouse (LFC official website).
Of the three teams Liverpool will be facing in the group stage, two represent first-time opposition for the Reds in Europe.
LASK have been regular participants in continental competitions in recent years, reaching the last 16 of this tournament in 2019/20 before succumbing to Manchester United.
Meanwhile, Union Saint-Gilloise could easily have been in yesterday’s Champions League draw, having come within minutes of winning the Belgian top flight last season before Royal Antwerp dramatically snatched the title.
They were only promoted to the top tier a couple of years ago but won the title in 2022 and made it all the way to the Europa League quarter-finals last term.
VOTE for Empire of the Kop as Best Club Content Creator (Premier League) here: Football Content Awards OR on X with Empire’s one-click X link with:
I am voting in @The_FCAs for @empireofthekop in Best Club Content Creator (Premier League)
Toulouse, the lowest-ranked team in Liverpool’s group, have met the Reds before, with the two sides facing off in the Champions League qualifying rounds in 2007/08.
Rafael Benitez’s side won the first leg 1-0 thanks to an Andriy Voronin screamer before cruising to a 4-0 win at Anfield to book their place in the group stage.
Les Violets only finished 13th in Ligue 1 last season but owe their place in Europe this term to their Coupe de France triumph, thrashing Nantes 5-1 in the final.
All in all, it’s a group which’ll probably satisfy Liverpool supporters, with Austria the furthest away trip and some fiendish opponents avoided.
There could be some stern tests in the group for the Reds, but at their best they’ll surely have enough to top the pile and proceed straight to the round of 16.
The group matches take place on 21 September, 5 October, 26 October, 9 November, 30 November and 14 December, with the full fixture schedule set to be announced no later than Saturday morning. | <urn:uuid:fb222bc3-a7f7-4753-aafe-b3450620bbbe> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.empireofthekop.com/2023/09/01/liverpool-europa-league-group-draw/ | 2023-09-22T12:30:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.943983 | 562 |
Perfect for those days spent in the great outdoors, the Larawag have been crafted from waterproof leather and lined with 100% Australian sheepskin lining. These highly durable yet comfortable boots are sure to see you through this season and beyond.
FREE SHIPPING /
- Premium waterproof leather
- 100% Australian sheepskin lining
- Removable and replaceable sheepskin footbed
- Metal hardware and rear pull tab
- Lace-up design for controlled regulation on foot
- Medial zip with gusset
- Gusseted tongue WP hi technology
- Soft EVA midsole for comfort
- Waterproof durable rubber outsole with wave design for traction and support
- Woolmark accredited
The Larawag is a women's leather ankle boot with hiking trend-inspired features. The lace-up design allows for controlled regulation on food while a medial zip makes these boots easy to slip on and off. 100% Australian sheepskin lining keeps feet warm while the durable rubber outsole offers traction and grip. Designed with innovative waterproof technology and utmost comfort, these boots will support your feet on all kinds of adventure. | <urn:uuid:c03b432e-8f87-489b-8879-76241510709b> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.emuaustralia.com/us/shop-all-womens/larawag/W12648.html?dwvar_W12648_colourName=ESPRESSO | 2023-09-22T11:41:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.890343 | 304 |
Emulsio Aromatherapy Energia Mediterranea, thanks to its enveloping Orange and Jasmine scent, enriched with precious essential oils, brings in your house a deep well-being SPA atmosphere, giving an energizing and revitalizing feeling.
Its innovative Odor Neutralizer technology formula, with 90% of natural origin ingredients and nickel-free (<0,1ppm), eliminates also the most
persistent and unpleasant smells, respecting both people and the environment.
Shake before use. Direct the aerosol can towards the room center and spray the product for a few seconds. Do not use the product on fabrics.
The environments deodorizing | <urn:uuid:895ba2ed-3db0-4cb4-8ce4-82dcaf239fcc> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.emulsio.it/en/produtcs/136/aromatherapy-energia-mediterranea | 2023-09-22T11:04:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.893541 | 138 |
All software used or developed by the ENCODE Consortium
Showing 100 of 339 results
Number of displayed results:
- GraphReg — sourceGraphReg (Chromatin interaction aware gene regulatory modeling with graph attention networks) is a graph neural network based gene regulation model which integrates DNA sequence, 1D epigenomic data (such as chromatin accessibility and histone modifications), and 3D chromatin conformation data (such as Hi-C, HiChIP, Micro-C, HiCAR) to predict gene expression in an informative way.
- HiCDCPlus — sourceThe package HiCDCPlus provides methods to determine significant and differential chromatin interactions by use of a negative binomial generalized linear model, as well as implementations for TopDom to call topologically associating domains (TADs), and Juicer eigenvector to find the A/B compartments. This vignette explains the use of the package and demonstrates typical workflows on HiC and HiChIP data.
- 3d-dna — sourceWe begin with a series of iterative steps whose goal is to eliminate misjoins in the input scaffolds. Each step begins with a scaffold pool (initially, this pool is the set of input scaffolds themselves). The scaffolding algorithm is used to order and orient these scaffolds. Next, the misjoin correction algorithm is applied to detect errors in the scaffold pool, thus creating an edited scaffold pool. Finally, the edited scaffold pool is used as an input for the next iteration of the misjoin correction algorithm. The ultimate effect of these iterations is to reliably detect misjoins in the input scaffolds without removing correctly assembled sequence. After this process is complete, the scaffolding algorithm is applied to the revised input scaffolds, and the output – a single “megascaffold” which concatenates all the chromosomes – is retained for post-processing.
- bioraddbg ATAC-seq filter beads — sourceThis Docker container provides an easy to use Docker interface to a bead filtration tool with settings tailored for Bio-Rad Single Cell ATAC-seq chemistry. This container takes in .BAM files and performs "knee calling" to compute a bead barcode whitelist and jaccard index threshold for bead-to-droplet merging.
- split-pipe — sourceThe Parse Biosciences computational pipeline is an out-of-the-box software tool that you can run locally to convert fastq files straight to processed data (including gene-cell count matrices). Customers purchasing the Whole Transcriptome Kit will receive access to the Parse computational pipeline.
- sQTLseekeR — sourcesQTLseekeR is a package to detect splicing QTLs (sQTLs), which are variants associated with change in the splicing pattern of a gene. In sQTLSeeker, splicing patterns are modeled by the relative expression of the transcripts of a gene. The most recent version of sQTLseekeR can be employed to detect genetic variant associated to any multivariate phenotypeSoftware type: variant annotation
- ggsashimi — sourcea command-line tool for the visualization of splicing events across multiple samples. Given a specified genomic region, ggsashimi creates sashimi plots for individual RNA-seq experiments as well as aggregated plots for groups of experiments. It uses popular bioinformatics file formats, it is annotation-independent, and allows the visualization of splicing events even for large genomic regions by scaling down the genomic segments between splice sites. It is implemented in python, and internally generates R code for plotting.Software type: visualization
- eFORGE — sourceeFORGE identifies tissue or cell type-specific signal by analysing a minimum set of 5 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) for overlap with DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) compared to matched background DMPs and provides both graphical and tabulated outputs.Software type: integrated analysis
- SCREEN — sourceSCREEN is a web-based visualizer for the ENCODE Registry of cCREs. Users can search for cCREs by genomic region or by associated features such as genes and SNPs, and can also visualize associated underlying annotations from the ground and integrative levels of the ENCODE Encyclopedia such as gene expression, TF ChIP-seq peaks, chromatin states, and cCRE-target gene links. Additionally, users can access ENCODE data on the functional characterization of cCREs.
- apricot — sourceapricot implements submodular optimization for the purpose of summarizing massive data sets into minimally redundant subsets that are still representative of the original data. These subsets are useful for both visualizing the modalities in the data and for training accurate machine learning models with just a fraction of the examples and compute.
- CRADLE — sourceCRADLE (Correcting Read counts and Analysis of DifferentiaLly Expressed regions) is a package that was developed to analyze STARR-seq data. CRADLE removes technical biases from sonication, PCR, mappability and G-quadruplex sturcture, and generates bigwig files with corrected read counts. CRADLE then uses those corrected read counts and detects both activated and repressed enhancers. CRADLE will help find enhancers with better accuracy and credibility.
- Croo — sourceCroo is a Python package for organizing outputs from Cromwell. Croo parses metadata.json which is an output from Cromwell and makes an organized directory with a copy (or a soft link) of each output file as described in an output definition JSON file specified by --out-def-json.Software type: framework
- Caper — sourceCaper (Cromwell Assisted Pipeline ExecutoR) is a wrapper Python package for Cromwell. Caper is based on Unix and cloud platform CLIs (curl, gsutil and aws) and provides easier way of running Cromwell server/run modes by automatically composing necessary input files for Cromwell. Also, Caper supports easy automatic file transfer between local/cloud storages (local path, s3://, gs:// and http(s)://). You can use these URIs in input JSON file or for a WDL file itself.Software type: framework
- scPOST — sourceSimulation of single-cell datasets for power analyses that estimate power to detect cell state frequency shifts between conditions (e.g. an expansion of a cell state in disease vs. healthy), as described in our manuscript “Maximizing statistical power to detect clinically associated cell states with scPOST”.Software type: other
- cdr3-QTL — sourceWe tested associations between HLA genotypes and TCR-CDR3 amino acid compositions. We treated the amino acid composition of CDR3 as a quantitative trait, and tested its association with HLA genotype; we call this CDR3 quantitative trait loci analysis (cdr3-QTL), as described in our manuscript “HLA autoimmune risk alleles restrict the hypervariable region of T cell receptors”.Software type: other
- Imperio — sourceThis software includes (i) DeepBoost, a gradient boosting method for constructing boosted deep learning annotations by integrating deep learning allelic-effect annotations with fine-mapped SNPs; (ii) tools to combine these deep learning annotations with SNP-to-gene (S2G) linking strategies and relevant gene sets, and (iii) Imperio, a method for integrating deep learning annotations with S2G strategies to predict gene expression in whole blood and construct allelic-effect annotations based on changes in predicted expression. Applications of these 3 approaches to blood-related traits are described in our manuscript “Integrative approaches to improve the informativeness of deep learning models for human complex diseases”.Software type: other
- GSSG — sourceGSSG consists of tools to generate enhancer-driven and master-regulator gene scores in blood, and combine these gene scores with distal and proximal SNP-to-gene (S2G) linking strategies to construct SNP annotations for blood-related traits, as described in our manuscript “Unique contribution of enhancer-driven and master-regulator genes to autoimmune disease revealed using functionally informed SNIP-to-gene linking strategies”.Software type: other
- AnnotBoost — sourceAnnotBoost is a gradient boosting-based framework to impute and denoise Mendelian disease-derived pathogenicity scores to improve their informativeness for common disease, as described in our manuscript “Improving the informativeness of Mendelian disease-derived pathogenicity scores for common disease”.Software type: variant annotation | <urn:uuid:bee3dfa3-f566-467e-8886-c4374090bdd1> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.encodeproject.org/encode-software/?type=Software&limit=100 | 2023-09-22T11:55:10Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.873714 | 1,830 |
A fuel gauge is one part of a vehicle that determines its fuel efficiency. However, a faulty fuel gauge in your MINI vehicle could also be a potential safety risk. MINI vehicles are high performing, and one of the most efficient in fuel consumption in its class. You won’t be buying gas very often if you own one of these cars. Therefore, you might soon become accustomed to ignoring your fuel gauge for long periods before refilling. Since fuel efficiency is one of their major advantages, it could be disappointing to discover a fault in the fuel gauge.
All car parts can fail, therefore, if your fuel gauge doesn’t accurately display the gasoline level, you’ll require help. Let’s take a quick overview to discover the potential problems in a MINI’s fuel gauge breakdown and how to fix them.
Look for These Signs of a Faulty Fuel Gauge
A faulty fuel gauge can present itself in many ways. One indicator is when the needle reading is fluctuating. The gauge will not measure the correct level if it displays full one minute and then suddenly drops below half in a short while.
The gauge could also get stuck at either empty or full level. This is usually because the arm attached to the float has become trapped and is no longer moving, but it might also be due to other factors. All of these symptoms should lead you to believe that one of the fuel gauge’s components is malfunctioning.
Possible Causes Of Mini Fuel Gauge Failure
A malfunctioning fuel gauge could be the outcome of a variety of issues. Your MINI’s fuel gauge issue could be caused by any of the following:
Electrical issues in any vehicle are rarely straightforward. There could be a circuit problem, an instrument cluster malfunction, or a fuel gauge failure. Electrical issues are typically difficult to diagnose, which makes them even more difficult to resolve.
In the case of a circuit problem, the issue could be with the connections to any of the system’s components. The gauge reading might be affected by loose connections and rust. If there is a failure in the internal circuit, the gauge may become trapped in one of two states, either full or empty, or only function within a specific range. Finally, if an instrument cluster component fails, it is unlikely that it can be repaired and will need to be replaced.
Fuel Sending Unit
The sending unit, which is located in your gas tank, is connected to the fuel gauge on your dashboard. The gauge reads the sending unit’s signals and shows the correct fuel level on the meter. The sending unit is a component that floats on the fuel in your gas tank. When the fuel level floats the sending unit up and down, an electrical component conveys that information to the gauge. This information tells it where to place the needle which indicates your fuel level.
Whatever may be the source of your malfunctioning fuel gauge, it is a serious issue that should not be overlooked. Some drivers ignore the fuel gauge issue and try to refill regularly. You may forget to refill and end up stranded in the middle of nowhere. This means that a defective fuel gauge is a potential safety risk that must be addressed immediately.
Encore Motorcars Can Fix Your Faulty MINI Fuel Gauge
Our MINI specialists at Encore Motorcars have addressed fuel gauge issues for drivers throughout Sarasota, Bradenton, Ellenton, Nokomis, Osprey, Parrish, and Venice, FL. We also render services to neighbouring areas like Lakewood Ranch, Siesta Key, Longboat Key, and University Park, FL. We are a full-service repair shop for German brands, Asian imports, and exotics cars with the most up-to-date diagnostic instruments and equipment.
It can be disturbing not to know exactly how much fuel is in your MINI. Even though these models are well designed, fuel gauge failure could sometimes be an issue. If you find that your MINI’s fuel gauge does not work properly, or if you remember having filled it with gas but now see that it is empty, give us a call to schedule an inspection. Your safety and the effective operation of your MINI is our top concern! | <urn:uuid:f7993619-09c6-4e52-931f-e61c9a645d45> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.encoreautos.com/the-best-place-to-fix-a-faulty-fuel-gauge-in-your-mini-in-sarasota/ | 2023-09-22T12:44:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.946601 | 870 |
Land of Israel: Defense Forces
Ottoman and Mandatory Periods (1878–1948)
The development of the self-defense force of the yishuv was an influential part of the history of Jewish settlement in Ereẓ Israel. In the last quarter of the 19th century, when the first Jewish agricultural settlements came into being, the Turkish regime was hostile toward them. The internal security of the village areas left much to be desired, and the safety of the settlers depended on the good graces of the local strong man – the Bedouin or village sheikh. The Jewish settlers had to cope with border friction, disputes on water rights, and intrusions on their crops and property. Their choice was either to fight for their rights or be left to the mercy of their neighbors. As a result, individuals and groups of young people organized to fight for these elementary rights. This was the period of the first watchmen (shomerim), typical of whom was Abraham *Shapira, head watchman of Petaḥ Tikvah, who became well known among the Arabs by guarding the village and its fields with the help of the young settlers and hired Bedouin. After some time, guard duty in most of the settlements became the task of local Arab strong men, who undertook to protect them by sending their men to guard Jewish life and property.
The immigrants of the Second Aliyah, which began in 1904, were critical of the early settlers and well aware of the dangers involved in employing non-Jewish watchmen. The young newcomers had been influenced by the ideas of the Zionist Movement and modern Hebrew writers. Many of them had been through pogroms and had learned the arts of self-defense in Russia. They saw the settlers' dependence on outside armed forces as a fundamental defect. Israel *Shochat, one of the first to consider the idea of a Jewish armed force, pointed to various Middle East minorities, such as the Druze and Circassians, who had won their right to exist by proving their bravery against their attackers. Shochat came to the conclusion that a group of Jewish fighters should be created to win the respect of their neighbors and raise the prestige of the yishuv's fighting ability. He therefore established *Ha-Shomer in 1909. Within a period of four to five years, Ha-Shomer had taken over the guard duty of all the Jewish settlements in Lower Galilee, as well as of several of the larger settlements in Samaria and Judea. During the same period, guard duty in several other settlements was also assumed by young Jews. The image of the Jewish fighter was thus created. Ha-Shomer's principle was to employ Jewish watchmen only; its methods called for a small body of professional watchmen who would study Arab methods of fighting and try to outdo their enemy in organizational ability, discipline, and force of arms. In 1913 Shochat presented a memorandum to the Zionist Organization proposing the establishment of a countrywide organization for the defense of the settlements that would incorporate every male capable of bearing arms. The men of Ha-Shomer were to head the organization, train the members, and be responsible for the security of the arms depots. Ha-Shomer was thus the first stage in the development of the yishuv's military force.
the jewish legion
During World War i the idea of the *Jewish Legion was born. Its main protagonist, Vladimir *Jabotinsky, envisaged the Legion (which was established during the war years) as helping the British army to conquer Palestine and, on the conclusion of the war, serving as the garrison of the country. It was also to ensure the security of the Jewish settlements by serving as a concrete symbol of the political status of the Jewish National Home. After the *Balfour Declaration (1917), the opposition of the Arab National Movement (see *Israel, State of: Historical Survey, section on the Arab National Movement) to Jewish immigration and settlement became increasingly stronger. The riots that took place in Palestine in the years 1920–21 strengthened recognition of the need for an independent Jewish force.
The yishuv learned its first lesson when faced with the problem of defending settlements in northern Upper Galilee, which was under French rule at that time. As a result of the Arab uprising against the French, the settlements were in danger, and the Jewish authorities were inclined to transfer the settlers to the area under British occupation. This suggestion was indignantly rejected by Ha-Shomer, which sent reinforcements of men and ammunition to the besieged villages and entrusted the organization of the defense to Joseph *Trumpeldor. The stand against the Arabs at *Tel Ḥai in March 1920, during which Trumpeldor and several of his comrades fell in battle, became a symbol of Jewish resistance both in Ereẓ Israel and in the Diaspora. It also established a new principle in the yishuv's defense policy – "No Jewish settlement is to be abandoned for any security consideration whatsoever." The second lesson was derived from the 1920 Passover riots in Jerusalem. Jabotinsky headed a self-defense organization that he had established openly and, he assumed, legally, demanding arms from the British authorities. When the riots broke out in Jerusalem, however, the British prevented this defense force from entering the Old City. Jabotinsky and 20 of his men were arrested and sentenced to long prison terms. The rioting continued for several days before the British army restored order to the city. To ensure its security the yishuv needed an autonomous force, independent of any foreign power. Consequently, Ha-Shomer decided to disband and an *Aḥdut ha-Avodah conference held at Kinneret in June 1920, attended by a group of ex-Battalion soldiers led by Eliyahu *Golomb and Dov *Hos, established the *Haganah ("Defense") organization. The third lesson came in May 1921 with the outbreak of bloody riots that spread from Jaffa to the Jewish villages in Judea and Samaria and included the murder of Jews and attempts to break into their villages. The attacks were vigorously repulsed by local defense forces with the help of the British army. The participation in the defense of Tel Aviv of a unit of Jewish soldiers that was to have been the nucleus of a renewed Jewish Battalion led the British to disband the unit and cancel the plan to revive it. These events strengthened the view that the yishuv could rely on neither a foreign army nor a Jewish Legion under a foreign command whose policy was guided by extraneous military and political considerations.
haganah – early days
During the first nine years of its existence, the Haganah was a loose organization of local defense groups in the large towns and in several of the settlements. Although it enjoyed Zionist sympathy it received no material support from the Zionist Organization, which regarded the Haganah as a local version of the self-defense organizations of Eastern Europe. Jabotinsky, who felt very strongly about the security problems of the yishuv, held to the idea of the Legion, and at first regarded the Haganah not only as a poor substitute, but as an irresponsible security factor likely to cause political harm. The Haganah's development was dealt a serious blow by the withdrawal of the ex-members of Ha-Shomer because of a disagreement on administrative policy. These men established an independent arms depot and a training center within the framework of the *Gedud ha-Avodah ("Labor Legion").
The Arab riots of August 1929 changed the attitude of the yishuv and the Zionist Organization toward the Haganah. It had become evident that the bloodiest anti-Jewish riots and the heaviest looting had occurred in those places where there was no Haganah (such as Hebron) or where the Haganah was weak (as in Safed). The Jewish population of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa, and several of the settlements had been saved by the stand of the Haganah forces – limited as they were. Following the riots, the Haganah went through a difficult organizational crisis, which was climaxed by the establishment of a countrywide supreme command in which the labor and non-labor sections were accorded equal representation. During this crisis a group of local commanders seceded and established the *Irgun Ẓeva'i Le'ummi (iẒl – "National Military Organization"), consisting mainly of right-wing and *Revisionist elements.
In the period from 1931 to 1936, the Haganah became a large organization encompassing nearly all the youth and adults in the settlements as well as several thousand members from each of the cities. It initiated a comprehensive training program for its members, ran officers' training courses, and established central arms depots into which a continuous stream of light arms (rifles and pistols) flowed from Europe. Simultaneously, the basis was laid for the underground production of arms (Ta'as), the first product of which was the hand grenade. This period saw the crystallization of two additional principles that brought the Haganah even closer to becoming a national army. The first was the principle of a single defense organization, subject to a single and central command, which inevitably entailed opposition to the existence of dissident groups. The second principle was the recognition of the authority of the yishuv's political leadership, i.e., the *Jewish Agency and the *Va'ad Le'ummi.
During the riots that broke out in April 1936 and the three years of the Arab revolt that followed, the Haganah played a central role in the life of the yishuv. Although the British administration did not officially recognize the organization, the British Security Forces cooperated with it by establishing an armed civilian militia. One of the largest units of this force was the Jewish Settlement Police (jsp), with branches in all the villages and city suburbs. Thousands of Haganah members were sworn in as "Supernumerary Police," received uniforms and arms from the administration, and were trained under the supervision of British army and police officers. Other police units were established to guard the railroads, airfields, government offices, and various installations. With the increasing intensity of the Arab revolt, Jews were incorporated into British army units to fight the marauding Arab bands. In the summer of 1938 Special Night Squads (sns) were established under the command of Captain Orde *Wingate, who trained them in the methods of guerilla warfare. The jsp became a militia of 12 battalions, including mobile defense units equipped with armored vehicles and machine guns.
The British administration attempted to make the establishment of the police units conditional upon the surrender of all illegal arms. However, this condition was resolutely rejected by the Haganah command, who saw these legal units as only one aspect of its activities. The Haganah continued to develop as an autonomous force and stepped up the local manufacture of arms as well as the purchase of arms from abroad. The latter was further increased by a secret agreement between Haganah representatives and Polish government circles. At the outset of the riots, the Haganah's aim was the fortification of the settlements. Barbed-wire fencing and concrete outposts were erected and trenches were dug. As the riots continued it became clear that it was also necessary to guard traffic on the roads and workers in the fields, as well as crops and orchards outside the limits of the settlements. Yiẓḥak *Sadeh played an important role in the establishment of mobile units, which quickly became field squads (peluggot sadeh). The Arab revolt threatened to slow down Jewish settlement, and it fell to the Haganah to safeguard newly established settlements. To this end, the *Stockade and Watchtower type of settlement was evolved.
One of the most serious questions that faced the Haganah at the outbreak of riots was that of "restraint" (Heb. havlagah). Attacks by Arab bands on unarmed men, women, and children aroused a desire for revenge; some Jews began to feel that Arabs interpreted the lack of any Jewish reaction as weakness and that the yishuv should adapt its behavior to the "Arab mentality." But the Jewish Agency decided on a policy of restraint on both ethical and political grounds, and the Haganah accepted its authority on this question. A formula was eventually worked out that allowed for limited retaliatory actions sanctioned by the Haganah command. In the spring of 1937, the iẒl split, and a section of its members returned to the ranks of Haganah. The other section, mainly under the influence of the Revisionist movement, maintained a dissident armed force subject to the authority of Jabotinsky. The iẒl did not accept the policy of restraint and, from the summer of 1938, developed methods of mass retaliation against the Arab population.
haganah in the struggle for independence
In September 1939 a General Staff of the Haganah was established under the political direction of the Jewish Agency through the head of the Haganah command. The Haganah's administration was systematically overhauled; countrywide defense plans, training methods, armament plants, and methods for acquiring arms were developed and expanded. The first chief of staff was Ya'akov *Dori. The Arab revolt was the testing ground for the Haganah's fighting capacity. It was during this period that many men who were to be Israel Defense Forces (idf) commanders – such as Yigal *Allon, Moshe *Dayan, and Moshe *Carmel – received their first taste of warfare. As a result of the British government's anti-Zionist policy (expressed in the *White Paper of 1939), the Haganah took upon itself the additional task of fighting the White Paper regime. It supported organized *"illegal" immigration and organized demonstrations against the White Paper and the 1940 Land Laws. Opinion was divided as to whether the Haganah should limit itself to its former tasks or should become the spearhead of the political struggle. In fact, the Haganah did become actively involved in the struggle in all its forms, although at times within frameworks established for specific purposes, such as the organizations for "illegal" immigration (Ha-Mosad, 1939–48 and *Beriḥah, 1945–48), which did not act under the direct supervision of the Haganah command.
During World War ii, the Haganah acted in accordance with the policy laid down by David *Ben-Gurion, "to fight the war as if there were no White Paper, and to fight the White Paper as if there were no war." From the summer of 1940, the Haganah also headed a movement of volunteers from which Jewish units were formed for service in the British Army (these units took part in campaigns in the Middle East, North Africa, Greece, and Italy), as well as the Jewish battalions that led to the creation of the *Jewish Brigade in 1944. Haganah members strove to add national character to the Jewish units and to have them commanded by Jewish officers, many of whom were Haganah men. For Haganah members, British army service meant not only participation in the fight against the Nazis, but also first-class military training. They learned methods of organization and command of large armed units, as well as branches of warfare that could not be taught in an underground framework (for example, the use of heavy artillery). The Haganah cooperated with British intelligence units and sent its men on various commando missions, such as the attempted sabotage of the Syrian oil refineries, in which 23 men were lost, in 1941. Another example of this cooperation was the dropping of some 30 Jewish parachutists behind enemy lines in Europe.
The Haganah further strengthened its independence during the war by establishing its own intelligence service which systematically followed all developments in the Arab community, the British administration, and the Jewish dissident groups (iẒl and *Loḥamei Ḥerut Israel (Leḥi)) that affected the yishuv's security. Haganah members were divided into two main forces, one in charge of the defense of the settlements and the other trained for active warfare in all areas of the country. A systematic program of training was instituted for the youth of the country both in the legal framework of Ḥagam (intensified physical education), and the illegal one of *Gadna (youth battalions). In 1941 the Haganah's first mobilized regiment, the *Palmaḥ, came into being. Its men were mobilized for a two-year period and quartered in various work camps all over the country, where they underwent military training and simultaneously earned their keep by working in nearby kibbutzim and villages.
The war years saw many open clashes between the Haganah and the British Mandatory authorities, when the latter carried out searches for arms, as well as arrests and trials of Haganah members. In the final years of the war, the Haganah was faced with a difficult task: it was asked by the Jewish Agency to intervene and prevent iẒl sabotage of British installations, which was not in accord with Jewish Agency policy at that time. The mission (called "ha-sezon"), executed in conjunction with British police, was distasteful to those who participated in it. At the end of the war, when it became clear that the British government had no intention of altering its anti-Zionist policy, the Haganah began an open, organized struggle against the British Mandatory rule in the framework of a unified Jewish Resistance Movement (Tenu'at ha-Meri ha-Ivri), consisting of Haganah, iẒl, and Leḥi. "Illegal" immigration was intensified by the establishment of Haganah branches in the Jewish DP camps, and the Beriḥah was organized, bringing refugees from Eastern Europe to the camps in Central Europe and Italy. Haganah members accompanied the immigrant boats as sailors and organizers on their way to Ereẓ Israel and the camps in Cyprus. The systematic sabotage of all British army and police installations in Palestine began with the countrywide sabotage of the railroad network in November 1945 and reached its climax with the "Night of the Bridges" in June 1946, when all the bridges on the country's borders were blown up. On "Black Saturday" (June 29, 1946) and thereafter, countrywide searches were carried out by the British armed forces, one of the purposes of which was to disable the Haganah by arresting Palmaḥ members and uncovering its arms caches. jdc the Jewish Agency gave orders to limit the extent of the struggle, the iẒl and Leḥi again broke away from the Jewish Resistance Movement.
In the spring of 1947, David Ben-Gurion assumed the task of preparing the Haganah for the possible showdown with the armed forces of Arabs in Palestine and those of the Arab states. Plans were laid for full-scale mobilization of the yishuv, the founding of an air force, and the expansion of arms manufacture and acquisition. An important step in this direction was the purchase in the U.S. of machinery for the production of ammunition and explosives. In the first months of the War of Independence, the Haganah became the regular army of the State of Israel. Complete mobilization was declared; seven divisions were organized by fusing British army experience and Haganah fighting practices; and the Palmaḥ was expanded into three brigades. A large armaments industry was created and heavy arms and planes were acquired. An air force and a navy came into existence. After lengthy discussions the members of iẒl and Leḥi were incorporated into the Haganah's forces.
In the spring of 1948, the Haganah went over from defensive to offensive warfare, occupying areas essential for the yishuv's security: "Operation Naḥshon" opened the road to besieged Jerusalem, while other operations liberated Tiberias, Haifa, Safed, Jaffa, and other areas. On May 26 the Provisional Government of Israel decided to transform the Haganah into the regular army of the State, to be called "Ẓeva Haganah le-Israel" ("Israel Defense Forces"). During the 70 years prior to the establishment of the State, a Jewish fighting force had come into being, the image of the Jewish fighter had been created, and a fighting tradition developed.
Israel Defense Forces
The Israel Defense Forces (abbr. idf; Heb. צְבָא הֲגַנָּה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל; Ẓeva Haganah le-Israel; abbr. צה״ל, Ẓahal) were established on May 26, 1948, by the provisional government of the State of Israel, and on May 31, 1948, the first official oath-taking ceremony took place. It is unique in the armies of the world in the degree to which it has succeeded in eliminating distance between itself and the people that it serves; indeed it is an organic part of the people. This closeness results from the fact that the idf is essentially based on reserve service of the civilian population. Accordingly, and primarily due to this reason, it has not developed into a standard professional army but has retained more of the pre-state character of a popular militia. Because of its popular character and the fact that the youth of the country, without exception, have to pass through its ranks, the idf has proved to be one of the most important factors in effecting the integration of the various cultural elements of the population of Israel. In the early days of the state, the idf probably had more influence in this respect than any other single element, and today it is on a par with the school system in bringing about national integration. It has taken an active part in the educational integration of the new immigrants in the country by conducting intensive courses to raise all ranks to a minimum educational standard and by allocating women teachers to immigrant villages with a view to raising the standard of education there. The army continues to supply these services as well as providing additional facilities for more advanced education of its officers and men up to and including university education. In times of national stress (not only military) the idf has been in the forefront. The great waves of immigration in the early 1950s, which posed major organizational problems, were successfully absorbed with the help of the army, which also assisted in conducting welfare activities in the immigrant camps.
terms of service
From its inception, Israel established a system of compulsory military service that requires both men and women of certain ages to report for varying periods. Men aged 18–55 (inclusive) and women aged 18–38 (inclusive) – Israel citizens and permanent residents of the country – were liable for service. The law governing military service is the Security Service Law, 1959. The idf comprises three types of service: conscript service, reserve service, and regular service. Men aged 18–29 (inclusive), women aged 18–26 (inclusive), and licensed medical practitioners aged 18–38 (inclusive – both men and women), were deemed liable for conscript service. From the late 1960s, the period of service for conscript males aged 18–26 was 36 months and for males aged 27–29, 24 months; new immigrants aged 27–29 served 18 months. The period of service for women was 24 months, later reduced to 21 months. The minister of defense is authorized to recognize service in the Border Police as military service within the framework of the law.
On conclusion of his conscript service, every soldier is assigned to a reserve unit. Within the framework of the law, a reservist could be called for service one day per month or alternatively three days per three months. The law set out maximum periods of service as follows: men in the rank of private (turai) and lance corporal (turai rishon) aged 18–39 (inclusive) 31 days per annum, and those aged 40–54, 14 days per annum. Corporals (rav turai) and above could be asked to serve an additional seven days to the above periods. Privates and lancecorporals of the women's forces were liable for 31 days per annum and corporals and above for an additional seven days service per annum. Men aged 45–54 were liable for service only in the Civil Defense organization (later replaced by the Homeland Command), unless their rank was that of second lieutenant (segen mishneh) and above or the reservist's specialization was a required one, as determined by the minister of defence in accordance with the regulations of the law.
In addition to the monthly and annual reserve service, every reservist is liable for what is known as "Special Service." The minister of defense may, if he is satisfied that the defense of the state so requires, mobilize any reservist for conscript or reserve service in such locations and for such periods as his order specifies. This order can be a general one or can refer to specific units or specific persons. In the event that such an order is issued, the minister of defense is required to bring it to the knowledge of the *Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee as soon as possible. The committee may or may not approve the order with or without changes, or may bring it before the Knesset. It lapses within 14 days if not approved by the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee or by the Knesset before the conclusion of the stated period. Such an order, extending service for men to 36 months, was issued in January 1968.
Mothers and pregnant women are exempt from national service within the framework of the Security Service Law. Married women are exempt from conscript service but not from reserve service. The law provides for the exemption of women from service on the basis of religious reasons.
The tendency in the early 2000s was to cut back on reserve service, for which purpose the appropriate legislation was being drafted.
composition of the idf
The idf is composed of three elements: regular officers and ncos; the standing army, which is composed of the regular officers, ncos, and conscripts; and reserve forces, which are mobilized at any given time. Officers and ncos may volunteer for regular service in the armed forces after they have completed their conscript service. They can commit themselves for varying periods ranging from one to five years. Their conditions of service, rates of pay, and so on are linked to those prevailing in the government civil service. The mandatory age of retirement is 55, but regulars who have completed a minimum of ten years' service and have reached the age of 40 may be authorized by the chief of staff to retire on partial pension, based on the payment of 2% per annum of service and related to their last rank.
organization of the forces
The idf is subject to the orders of the government of Israel and carries out its policy. The minister of defense is responsible to the government and issues the instructions of the civilian authority to the armed forces. A special ministerial defense committee deals in detail with defense problems on behalf of the Cabinet. Military matters in the Knesset are dealt with, usually in closed session, by the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, which also deals, jointly with the Finance Committee, with budgetary matters related to the armed forces. The Ministry of Defense includes the minister of defense's personal staff and is divided into departments dealing with the following subjects: procurement of weapons and equipment; research and development; military industries; the aircraft industries; and manpower problems, such as rehabilitation, disabled ex-servicemen, responsibility for service widows and orphans, and military cemeteries; building and properties; sales; data-processing units; foreign aid; youth and *Naḥal division; *Gadna division; public relations; shekem ("canteen services"); soldiers' welfare committee; legal advice; and financial control. The senior military authority is the chief of staff, who commands all the armed forces. The chief of staff is appointed by the minister of defense, after advising the government. The period of service of the chief of staff is usually three to four years.
The idf is an integrated organization controlling the land, sea, and air forces. Operationally, the armed forces are divided into three regional ground commands, Northern, Central, and Southern, in addition to the air force and the navy. The commanders of the air force and the navy are at the same time senior advisers to the chief of staff in their respective functions. The chief of staff heads the General Staff, which functions in the general headquarters of the idf. This organization is responsible for carrying out the security policy of the State of Israel and for controlling the idf in times of war and peace. On occasion there has been a vice chief of staff. Failing such an appointment, the chief of the General Staff Branch replaces the chief of staff in his absence.
The General Staff is divided into four branches. The General Staff Branch, headed by a major general, who is the senior of the chiefs of branch, is responsible for coordination with the General Staff and for the operational control of the armed forces, including training, planning, operations, and research and development. The Intelligence Branch, headed by a brigadier or major general, is responsible for the collection, collation, and dissemination of all military, political, and economic information that might be of interest to the General Staff for the purpose of planning and operations. It is also responsible for security within the armed forces, censorship, the official army spokesman, liaison with foreign attachés, and the appointment of Israel military attachés abroad. The Manpower Branch, headed by a brigadier or major general, is responsible for the mobilization of the manpower required by the idf, for the assignment of men to units, for planning and control of manpower, education, personal services, discipline, information, religious and medical services, etc. The Quartermaster General Branch, headed by a brigadier or major general, is responsible for the organization of the supply of equipment, arms, food, clothing, housing, etc., for the maintenance of emergency stores, and for the readiness of all administrative emergency organizations falling within its area of responsibility.
In addition to the regional commands and the air force and navy, the commanders of which hold the rank of major general and control all the forces within their particular command, there are a number of specific commands.
Naḥal is a special organization, unique to the idf. Its initials stand for No'ar Ḥaluẓi Loḥem ("Fighting Pioneer Youth"). New settlement was considered important in Ereẓ Israel from a security point of view, especially in the border areas. With this consideration in mind, a special corps was established that combined military and agricultural training and also engaged in the establishment of new settlements along the borders. Upon conclusion of military service, those Naḥal soldiers who wished to return to civilian life did so, while others remained and continued to live in the kibbutz. As long as a new settlement was not self-supporting, it remained within Naḥal, under military discipline and tied organically to the army. jdc the settlement developed and began to be self-supporting, it was transferred by the army to the civilian authority and became a civilian village. Starting in the 1980s, however, a transition began toward regular service in the infantry within the Naḥal framework, which in 1999 became part of the Central Command. About 10 percent of Naḥal soldiers continued to serve in settlement frameworks.
Gadna, the abbreviation for Gedudei No'ar ("Youth Battalions"), dealt with premilitary training of Israel youth in and out of school. The organization was essentially educational in nature, although it provided its members with some basic military training in various arms. Members of Gadna assisted in afforestation projects, archaeological excavations, and border kibbutzim. Gadna was designed to develop a spirit of constructive patriotism and to identify the army primarily with construction and not with destruction. In the early 1990s it merged with the Education Corps (see below).
The Training Command sets the training objectives of the General Staff and controls and operates all the military schools and training bases within the idf.
The Armored Command is directly under the command of the General Staff. It is entrusted with the task of developing the armored strength of the idf and its doctrine, training programs, and equipment.
Ḥen (Ḥeil Nashim; "Women's Corps") was essentially an auxiliary military organization supporting the armed forces in many fields. It supplied women for duties in communications, hospitals, teaching duties, and many other headquarters functions, and thus relieved the men of the country for active combat. In 2004 the corps was abolished as women sought to become fully integrated in the army, including combat service.
A special arrangement to accommodate modern Orthodox religious soldiers is hesder service, which combines regular army service with yeshivah study over a period of four years in which those in the program serve actively for 16 months. Another religious framework, created in 1999, is known as Naḥal Ḥaredi, in which ultra-Orthodox soldiers serve in a special battalion which enables them to adhere more easily to their religious way of life. In 2005 it numbered around 1,000 soldiers.
the minorities in the idf
Members of the minorities may, under certain circumstances, volunteer for service in the idf and in the Border Police. The Border Police Force is completely integrated between Jews and *Druze, and many Druze have attained officer rank. The Druze community is now liable for conscription into the idf in the same manner as members of the Jewish community. Until a few years ago this community was permitted to volunteer for service, but at the specific request of the Druze community itself the National Service Law imposing conscription was applied to its members. Bedouin and members of the Christian Arab community may volunteer for service. The idf includes a Minorities Unit in which Druze and Christian Arabs serve. A certain percentage of members of the unit are Jewish, and the unit has served with distinction in many border operations.
Troops serving in the idf are assigned to various army corps, which are responsible for the professional and technical training of officers and the enlisted men and the development of equipment and the doctrines of the various arms. These corps include the air force, navy, infantry, armor, artillery, engineers, paratroops, signals and communications, intelligence, ordnance, supply, medical, military police, general service corps, and homeland. The formations directly under the General Staff are the regional commands, the navy and the air force, and the armored forces. The basic formation in the idf is the brigade group. Any number of brigade groups can be combined under the command of divisional groupings in time of war.
The static defense of the country is based on a regional defense system that is controlled by a special staff in the headquarters of the regional command. Various border villages are trained as defensive localities. The villages are controlled by an area headquarters, which in turn is under command of a district headquarters, which is controlled by the special staff for regional defense in command headquarters. The purpose of this organization is to ensure that the armed forces will be relieved of the task of static defense and will be thus free to engage the enemy in battle. The air force is responsible for the entire air defense of the country, and the navy is responsible for all aspects of coastal defense.
The armed forces support a training establishment that provides for every form of training in all arms of service, from the initial training of a private up to and including Command General Staff School. A number of army personnel are sent abroad annually for training. The basic theme of the training given to the personnel of the idf emphasizes the necessity for personal initiative and the importance of the officers and ncos displaying personal example in leadership. Great emphasis in all facets of leadership training is placed on this point and on the fact that the officer must always lead his men into battle. In fact, these values have developed into a living tradition of which the idf is very proud. The idf assists the training of armies in Asia, South America, and Africa, particularly in fields such as commando and parachute training and specific programs such as Naḥal and Gadna.
education in the forces
The idf exercises a profound educational influence not only on the youth during their national service but also on those who come in contact with the army during periods of reserve duty. Owing to the close relationship between army and people, which became even closer during the years of almost continuous military activity following the Six-Day War, each had a considerable influence on the other. The idf's educational work is of particular importance for new immigrants, for whom it is often a basic training in citizenship.
There are three main branches under the control of the Chief Education Officer: Instruction, Education, Entertainment. The primary responsibility for regular educational and cultural activity rests on officers and ncos, who are trained for the task at the Military College of Education and the Educational Training Institute respectively, and provided with topical printed material. The idf publishes an illustrated weekly of current events Ba-Maḥaneh, and runs a radio program, Gallei Ẓahal, which "sandwiches" news, information, reportage, and comment between layers of popular music and entertainment. Both are served by army reporters with the troops.
All soldiers who do not have a basic knowledge of Hebrew must study the language in the normal course of their training and service, as well as at special intensive courses. Those who have not completed elementary education (eight years' study) attend three-month courses in Hebrew, history, geography, civics, arithmetic and geometry, nature study, and army history at the Army Education School (the Marcus Camp) at the end of their national service, receiving certificates recognized by the Ministry of Education and Culture. Optional post-primary courses, mainly for regular army men, prepare them for the official matriculation certificate. There are also correspondence courses, which can be taken during periods of active service. In the late 1970s a new framework was created, the Center for the Advancement of Special Populations, to help disadvantaged recruits. Hundreds of women ncos were deployed as instructors. In the 1980s a Corps Training School was established to train its educational leadership. In 1993 the Corps merged with Gadna as the integration of Russian and Ethiopian immigrants became a first priority.
The idf publishes a wide variety of brochures and books on various regions and sectors, Diaspora Jewry, history of Israel, etc., and a series of low-priced, small paperbacks of Hebrew and translated fiction, called "Sifriyyat Tarmil" ("Knapsack Library"). Soldiers in camps and at the front are supplied with daily newspapers, books, games, radio and, wherever possible, tv. Films are shown about twice a week and civilian entertainers perform frequently for soldiers at the front, sometimes in the framework of reserve service.
arms purchase and manufacture
From the early days the idf was dependent to no small degree for arms supplies on foreign sources. The story of "Rekhesh" – as the "acquisition" of arms was called from the clandestine Haganah period and immediately after the establishment of the State – is a thrilling one. The first major arms purchase directly affecting the future army of Israel was that from Czechoslovakia in 1948, which included rifles, machine guns, and, later, Messerschmitt fighter planes. At the same time arms were purchased in France and from the surplus markets of the United States as well as those of many other countries. Until the British left the arms were smuggled into Palestine despite a British embargo. Supplies continued to arrive after the establishment of the State, primarily from the military surplus markets of the world.
In 1952, Israel formally signed an agreement with the United States government allowing for reimbursable military aid under Section 408e of the Mutual Security Act, but the U.S. remained a very small supplier. Israel's first jet aircraft, Meteors, were supplied by Britain, which also became in due course a major supplier of naval equipment, primarily destroyers and submarines. The 1950s saw the development of a special relationship between Israel and France, which became Israel's major arms supplier, providing aircraft, armor, and artillery. France remained Israel's main supplier of arms – above all, of modern jet aircraft – until June 2, 1967, jdc an embargo on the sale of arms to Israel was imposed by General de Gaulle.
The United States involvement in the supply of arms to Israel grew in the 1960s, with the supply, first, of Hawk ground-to-air missiles and, later, of Patton m48 tanks, which together with British-supplied Centurion tanks constituted Israel's armored force. The United States became a major supplier of aircraft to Israel only after the Six-Day War and following the French embargo. U.S. supplies, which included f-4 Phantom fighter bombers and a-4 Skyhawk fighter bombers, were designed to offset the massive supply of arms by the Soviet Union to the Egyptian and Syrian forces.
From the earliest days Israel made efforts to develop her own arms industry and in the course of years a major industry, capable of supplying most of the small arms and ammunition requirements of the idf, as well as other types, was established. Parallel to this, Israel Aircraft Industries was established with a large electronic manufacturing component capable of assembling jet trainers and maintaining all the types of aircraft in service in the Israel Air Force.
The first idf uniforms (1948) were to a large degree identical with those of the British army during World War ii, though the symbols of rank were different. Over the years, the idf developed uniforms that specifically answer to its needs, but influences of style from Western armies (Britain and the United States) are still noticeable. The basic colors of the winter uniform – dark khaki (army), blue-gray (air force), and dark blue (navy) – are of "Anglo-Saxon" origin, as are the beige and white of the summer uniforms (British origin). The official dress uniform has been influenced to a large degree by the United States; the cut of the daily uniforms and caps, however, generally follows the British model: the black and red berets of the idf follow the example of the British armored and paratroop corps, while the combat helmets follow the American model. The idf nonetheless aims toward developing an original style of uniform, especially for the women soldiers. The symbols of rank for ncos are mostly original (straight horizontal stripes in place of the angular stripes in Britain and America); in the lower ranks of commissioned officers, American influence is felt somewhat; and in the higher ranks (major and up), British influence is distinguishable.
The idf came into being during the Israel *War of Independence (1948), jdc seven Arab armies combined to invade the newly created state. A number of outstanding battles were fought, particularly those leading to the defeat of the Egyptian army in the Negev desert and in Sinai, the defeat of the Arab armies in Galilee, and the defense of Jerusalem. The armistice agreements concluded with Israel's neighbors in 1949 were not followed by the hoped-for peace, however, and from 1953 Israel was beset by Arab marauder activity designed to kill and sabotage within the country. As a result, a number of successful retaliatory actions were mounted by the idf, with the Paratroop Corps in the lead, against Egypt, Syria, and Jordan. This state of affairs culminated in the *Sinai Campaign of 1956, in which the idf defeated the Egyptian army in the Sinai Desert and cleared the whole of the Sinai Peninsula.
In the following years the idf was again called upon to engage in a number of retaliatory and defense operations until the outbreak of the *Six-Day War in June 1967. In less than a week the idf destroyed the enemy air forces, defeated the Egyptian, Jordanian, and Syrian armies, and occupied the whole of the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, Judea and Samaria on the West Bank of the Jordan, and the Syrian mountains known as the Golan Heights. Subsequently the idf was engaged in defending the cease-fire lines and protecting the country against attempts at terrorist infiltration.
The victory in the Six-Day War fostered a feeling of invincibility in the country that was to have dire consequences. Harboring a spirit of vast confidence in its ability to predict and stem any attack on Israel, the idf was taken completely by surprise in the *Yom Kippur War under a combined attack by Egyptian and Syrian forces that initially drove the idf from its positions on the Suez Canal and Golan Heights. Though it ultimately succeeded in driving Egyptian and Syrian forces back, the Yom Kippur War was a marked watershed in the development of the idf. As a result of the report of the Agranat Commission a number of senior officers were dismissed and David *Elazar, the chief of staff, submitted his resignation. His successor Major General Mordecai ("Motta") *Gur undertook the slow but steady rehabilitation and rearming of the forces, an unprecedented expansion in the size of the army, navy, and air force, and the absorption of vast amounts of new weapons, most of them from the United States. The idf was also busy withdrawing to new lines in the wake of the disengagement agreements with Egypt and Syria, the Interim Agreement with Egypt and the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty of March 1979.
From 1975 the idf had been engaged in helping the Christian militia forces in southern Lebanon defend themselves against the plo. Following a murderous terrorist attack on an Israeli bus in March 1978, the idf launched an invasion into southern Lebanon that brought it to the banks of the Litani. The campaign lasted some days, but did not produce the anticipated results and the army withdrew in June 1978 after the arrival of a United Nations force (unifil). The conduct of the campaign was the subject of criticism by the Israel State Comptroller in his 1979 report. The term of office of General Gur terminated in April 1978 and he was replaced by Major General Rafael *Eitan, a veteran combat officer, who set out to tighten army discipline and instituted various austerity measures.
Israel's military industry produced various types of modern weapons for internal use and for export. Among the latest items manufactured in Israel were the Merkavah ("Chariot") tank, the Gabriel missile carriers, and the Wasp torpedo boats. Other rockets and missiles have won renown at home and abroad. The main activities in 1979 and 1980 were continued military operations against the plo in southern Lebanon, growing efforts to stem disturbances in the West Bank, and the growth of the idf, primarily in modern equipment. The signing of the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty resulted in a massive re-deployment of the forces which were withdrawn from Sinai to the Negev. Operation "Rimon" was the code given to the removal from Sinai of tens of thousands of tons of materials, equipment, camps, water, and power lines and almost a million mines were lifted without mishap. The whole operation was carried out meticulously according to the pre-determined time schedule.
The peace treaty, however, did not bring in its wake the anticipated reduction in the defense budget. On the contrary, due to the uncertainties along Israel's Eastern border, the Iraq-Iran war, the support given by Jordan to Iraq, and the threat of a Syrian-Jordanian war, the idf had to maintain a high degree of alert along that border. Nevertheless, the Finance Ministry was demanding a major reduction in the defense budget in view of the serious economic situation. These demands were resisted first by Minister Ezer Weizman, and after his resignation, by Prime Minister Begin, who took over the Defense portfolio. The discussions concerning the establishment of a Field Forces Command, that started in 1979, which elicited many arguments pro and con, among the Israeli generals, had not been concluded as of 1980.
Israel's arms industries continued to mount their export drives, and it was estimated that in 1980 they would sell equipment abroad to a value of $125 m.
Tension continued along the Israel-Lebanon border in the early part of 1981. In July the Israel air force carried out massive bombing raids on plo headquarters in Beirut and on supply depots, installations, and offices in other parts of southern Lebanon. Massive destruction was reported. In the Beirut raid, scores of civilians were killed and wounded leading to a Security Council condemnation of Israel. From July 12 to 24, the entire northern part of Israel, from Nahariyyah to the Syrian line, came under heavy plo shelling, bombing, and firing. Thousands of artillery and mortar shells, as well as Katyusha and other types of rockets were fired indiscriminately, resulting in heavy damage and loss of lives in over 30 Israeli towns and settlements. Israel retaliated in kind and the situation deteriorated. A cease-fire was arranged on July 24 through the mediation efforts of U.S. envoy Philip Habib, who enlisted Saudi Arabia to help persuade the plo to accept the cease-fire. Cross-border shelling ceased, but the plo reportedly bolstered its artillery power and strengthened its armed units which at the end of 1981 numbered some 20,000 men.
The idf continued its orderly withdrawal from Sinai and its new deployment in the Negev. In November 1981 one of the two U.S. built air-bases was handed over to the Israel Air Force and became operational.
At the end of the year, Defense Minister Ariel Sharon announced his plan to reorganize the Defense Ministry in order to bring about better control and greater efficiency. This led to a work conflict with the civilian workers of the ministry. Major changes were also announced in the high command of the idf with the retirement of two generals and study leaves for two others. The term of office of Chief of Staff Raphael Eitan was extended to an unprecedented fifth year.
The next decade was marked by four major events. The first was the war in Lebanon (1982–85); the second was the slow withdrawal from Lebanon (1985); the third was the outbreak of the first Intifada (1987); and the fourth, Israel's experience during the 1991 Gulf War.
The decision to go to war in Lebanon was the result of many factors, among them the desire to put an end to the emerging plo mini-state in Southern Lebanon and the destruction of the plo forces, headquarters, and supply depots strewn throughout Southern Lebanon. There was a feeling that once the plo would disappear from the Middle Eastern scene, Israel would find it easier to negotiate with Palestinian leaders in the territories under its control who would be free to deal directly with Israel. There was hope that war in Lebanon would bring about Israel-Syria negotiations over the future of that country. Above all, there was the desire to free Galilee from the constant threat of shelling and attacks by plo elements. There was also the aspiration to bring about the creation of a central government in Lebanon, which would be able to demand the withdrawal of Syrian forces from Lebanon and eventually sign a peace treaty with Israel.
The shooting of the Israel ambassador, Shelomoh Argov, in London by members of the Abu Nidal terrorist group on June 2, 1982, served as the reason for Israel to enter Lebanon on June 6, 1982. Announcing the military action and the codename "Peace in Galilee," Israel said it was aimed at clearing a zone of 40 miles from its borders from the plo. It stated that if Syrian forces would remain neutral, Israel would not attack them. Within one week, Israeli forces occupied most of Southern Lebanon, reaching the outskirts of Beirut. Hopes that the Lebanese Christian forces under the command of Basheer Gemayel, with whom prior coordination existed, would join the war did not materialize. The idf did engage Syrian troops in various parts of Lebanon, culminating in the destruction of Syrian anti-aircraft missiles and the shooting down of close to 100 Syrian jet fighters and bombers. jdc a cease-fire was proclaimed on June 11, the Israel Defense Forces (idf) deployed along the Beirut Damascus road and inside Beirut. It had captured vast quantities of plo equipment, including tanks and artillery. To induce Yasser Arafat, trapped in West Beirut, to leave the city, the idf began to besiege West Beirut. During June, July, and August sporadic fighting continued in Lebanon while Israeli and American diplomats sought a diplomatic solution that would enable the plo to depart from Lebanon. An arrangement was reached in late August and the plo withdrew on September 1, moving its headquarters to Tunis. Technically the war aims were achieved.
However, already in mid-June, there was growing dissent in Israel over the continued war in Lebanon and over its final aims. For the first time during the war, Israelis were questioning its aims and the real intent of the political leadership. The public was shocked jdc elements of the Lebanese Christian forces carried out a massacre of hundreds of Palestinians in two refugee camps Sabra and Shatilla in Beirut on September 16–18. A demonstration in Tel Aviv, with an estimated 400,000 protestors, forced the government to appoint a commission of inquiry. The final report of the Kahan Commission did not blame the idf for the massacre, but found it indirectly responsible for not anticipating the consequences of the Christian forces' entry into West Beirut. It recommended the removal of the defense minister and other senior officers from their posts. By then, there had been over 200 Israeli casualties in Lebanon. The impact of the war on the morale of the idf was highly negative. A new chief of staff, General Moshe Levy, replaced General Rafael Eitan in April 1983 and began to plan a slow disengagement in Lebanon. A political agreement entered into with Lebanon on May 17, 1983, enabled the idf to start a slow withdrawal south. In the next two years the idf remained in Southern Lebanon, becoming embroiled in ethnic conflict there, and the number of its casualties mounted. The Shamir government insisted on remaining in Lebanon until a political settlement would be worked out, refusing to admit that the war in Lebanon was erroneous and yielded few benefits. In retrospect it can be seen that the war did destroy the plo infrastructure in Lebanon, dealt a massive blow to the Syrian army, and resulted in the plo losing its predominant position in Palestinian politics. But the plo was replaced in Southern Lebanon by Shi'ite forces whose attacks on the idf caused many casualties and hastened the decision to withdraw from that country.
The decision was made by the Government of National Unity on January 14, 1985. The withdrawal was carried out in three stages and by the summer of 1985 idf units were deployed in the newly created Security Zone north of the Israel-Lebanon border. Between 1982 and 1985 Israeli casualties in Lebanon reached 651 dead and thousands wounded.
During the next two years, the Israel defense establishment, under Defense Minister Yiẓḥak Rabin, learned the lessons of the war in Lebanon, created the Territorial Forces Command, deepened strategic cooperation with the United States on many levels, and modernized the idf's equipment. In the ongoing war against terrorism, the idf carried out a daring aerial attack on the plo headquarters in Tunis on October 1, 1985.
Chief of Staff Moshe Levy completed his term of office in 1986 and was replaced by General Dan Shomron who continued to modernize the force and prepare it for any eventuality. Israel's main threat was seen to be from Syria, then busy building its own forces and seeking strategic parity with Israel. The continued Iraq-Iran war, a working peace with Egypt, and friendly relations with Jordan gave Israel a respite, and it could concentrate its efforts on stemming terrorist attacks against its own territories and against Israeli citizens and facilities overseas. Many achievements were recorded in that struggle.
At the end of 1987 the idf was plunged into another, and wholly new, arena. On December 9, 1987 Palestinian Arab rioting erupted which soon developed into an uprising known as the Intifada. It was led by young Palestinians who despaired of the prolonged Israeli occupation, the political deadlock, their own frustrations with both the local Palestinian leadership and that of the plo, and their despair over the failure of the Arab states to resolve their plight. The idf now had to deal with civil disobedience, initially with stones and sticks, and since 1991 with growing cases of shooting and stabbing of Israeli civilians and soldiers in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip as well as inside Israel. Young Israeli recruits faced young Palestinians armed with stones, sticks, knives, and firearms. It was a new kind of struggle for which the idf was not prepared. Soon moral and ethical dilemmas arose. jdc can a soldier fire on Arabs? Should he carry out what he may consider an illegal order? There were a number of cases in which idf soldiers were court-martialed for illegal actions, including the killing of innocent bystanders. The Israeli settlers in the areas accused the idf of not being effective enough in protecting them and their settlements from attacks. Tension rose between the idf and the settlers. The idf sought to minimize the attacks on Israelis, but were unable to stem the growing tide of killing of Palestinians by terrorists who accused them of collaborating with Israel. Between January 1991 and April 1993, 151 Israeli soldiers and civilians were killed in the Intifada, while 1,500 Palestinians were killed by their own brethren.
The idf, under the command of General Ehud Barak (chief of staff from April 1990), insisted that the solution to the Intifada must be a political and not a military one. But it did employ various methods to combat the Intifada, among them deportation (including the mass deportation of 415 *Ḥamas (Muslim fundamentalists) activists in December 1992), blowing up of homes of terrorists, curfews on selected areas, and occasionally the sealing off of the entire territories from Israel. By early 1993 it appeared that the Intifada had assumed new dimensions, focusing more on killing of Israelis in the hope that public opinion would force the Rabin government to decide on unilateral withdrawal from the territories in general and from the Gaza Strip in particular.
The 1991 Gulf War caught Israel unprepared for Scud missile attacks against major urban centers. For the first time in its history, Israel did not mount a pre-emptive strike at enemy targets, neither did it retaliate after it was attacked. By so doing, Israel adhered to an American request not to become involved in the war against Saddam Hussein. In return it received additional U.S. military aid and weapons. During the war there was close cooperation between the Israel and American high commands, and Israel was given advance warnings of incoming Scuds. By sheathing its sword, Israel won international support and praises.
The Gulf War ushered in the era of missile warfare into the Middle East. It became obvious that another war would be fought with non-conventional weapons. Israel, in close cooperation with the United States, began developing its Arrow anti-missile missile, which underwent successful preliminary tests in 1992 and was due to be operational in the mid-1990s. One of the lessons drawn by the idf resulted in the establishment of the Home Front Command, to deal specifically with civil defense, as clearly the next war would not differentiate between soldier and civilians. The idf came under much criticism from the state comptroller for failure to provide the population with proper gas masks and other means of defense. Another consequence of the war was that with the diminution in Iraq's aggressive potential, Iran became considered as the major threat to Israel and to regional stability. Iran was the main backer of the Ḥamas, the fundamentalist Islamic group which opposed peace negotiations and a peace treaty with Israel. Reports of an Iranian nuclear weapons program meant that Israel had to find the adequate answer for the threat. Islamic fundamentalism had become the main danger to the governments of Israel, Egypt, Syria, and Saudi Arabia, as well as Algeria and Morocco. The idf was poised at the end of 1992 to deal with continued Intifada, the consequences of a peace process, and preparations for a possible future war that could utilize nonconventional weapons. In spite of the end of the Cold War and the disappearance of the Soviet Union as a major factor in the Middle East, certain Arab states that previously relied on the U.S.S.R. for their armaments now sought weapons elsewhere and began to purchase surplus Soviet equipment and new weapons produced by China and North Korea. The arms race in the region continued despite efforts to stem it and talk about arms reduction within the framework of the Madrid peace process.
While the Israel Defense Forces were not involved in the 1993 secret negotiations that led to the Oslo Accords and the Israel-plo Declarations of Principles, they became intimately involved in the negotiations for their implementation. Thus the idf played a key role in the planning and execution of the withdrawal from Gaza and Jericho in May 1994 and in drawing up plans for re-deployment in the West Bank. At the same time, it continued to train its soldiers in the latest weapons systems, acquire modern military technology, and adjust its size and philosophy to the emerging peace process in the Middle East. While the threat from the immediate neighboring countries receded gradually, with Israel and Syria holding negotiations for the future of the Golan Heights, Iraq and Iran loomed high as Israel's major strategic threats. The growing possibility of both these countries acquiring nuclear capability in addition to the development of other non-conventional weapons, forced the idf to devise new strategies to deal with this threat.
The idf continued to fight an almost daily war of attrition in Southern Lebanon against *Hizbollah terrorists who were armed and funded by Iran and tacitly aided by Syria. This was reflected in daily clashes causing casualties on both sides. Growing violence and the shelling of Israeli settlements in Galilee forced the idf to launch, in July 1993, Operation Accountability, during which time Lebanese civilian population abetting Hizbollah was driven north. The United States arranged an understanding whereby Israeli settlements would not be shelled. This arrangement, which had the tacit support of Syria, seemed to work, but did not prevent clashes in the Security Zone in Southern Lebanon.
Lt. General Amnon Likpkin-Shahak was appointed chief of staff on January 1, 1995, replacing Lt. General Ehud Barak. The new deputy chief of staff was Major General Matan Vilnai. Both had to deal increasingly with problems of how to keep the idf out of Israeli politics, a growing number of training and other accidents, and the eroding image of the idf, an organization which previously was above national debate. They were also charged with the task of building a smaller, more compact, highly modern and efficient army. Whereas in 1985 the defense budget was some 45% of the national budget, in 1995 it dropped to some 25%, reflecting the new national realities and priorities.
[Meron Medzini (2nd ed.)]
The War against Terrorism
Many important military and political events occurred during the post-Oslo period, but the focus of the period was the violent conflict between Palestinian terrorist groups and the Israeli army. Terrorist groups operated with the support of Yasser *Arafat. The beginning of this period was marked by mixed feelings of apprehension, doubts, and hopes that the peace process would bring an end to the protracted Israeli-Palestinian conflict. These hopes, which were accompanied by political measures, gave Europe and the United States confidence that a stable peace would finally be achieved in the Middle East. The Oslo Accords were seen as a milestone in achieving a settlement between the Palestinians and Israel. It was hoped that a peace treaty between the Palestinians and Israel would achieve stability in the Middle East. This was especially true after a peace treaty that was signed between Egypt and Israel (1981) and between Jordan and Israel (1994). However, these hopes were shattered. Instead of the Accords being implemented, hostile Palestinian terror activity broke out. Between 1995 and 2000, relations between the *Palestinian Authority (pa) and Israel were characterized by a lack of good faith and by instability. As time went on, it became clear to the State of Israel that the pa was not capable of implementing the agreement. This was due to the fact that the pa was incapable of preventing terrorist attacks against Israeli citizens. According to the agreements, Arafat had undertaken to prevent all terrorist activity, but as time went on it became clear that not only was he not preventing terror activity but he was supporting it. The trust between the Israelis and the Palestinians evaporated, and it became impossible to implement the other agreements after the Oslo Accords.
In September 2000, mk Ariel Sharon made a highly publicized visit to the Temple Mount. The visit aroused great anger among the Palestinians, who saw it as a threat to their control of the al-Aqsa mosque there, and brought on the beginning of the so-called al-Aqsa Intifada. The violence sparked by Sharon's visit became the moving force in the Palestinian war of terror. It escalated into a hostile conflict between the idf and terrorist groups operating from the Gaza strip, Judea, and Samaria against the citizens of Israel. Instead of promoting the Oslo Accords, the idf was forced to take military action against terrorist groups. The mission of the idf was to fight and eliminate terrorist activity in order to restore security and peace to the citizens of Israel. The 1995–2005 period was characterized by the integration of political and military activities in which the prime minister and the chief of staff were involved.
The idf, as the operative arm, which works under political directives, had become the main body fighting Palestinian terror. This was especially true because of the phenomenon of "suicide bombers." The situation in this period created instability in Israeli society. The ordinary Israeli citizen felt less secure, and the future of the Oslo Accords was cast into doubt. The lack of stability in the political sphere caused a split in Israeli society. This is reflected in the fact that during this period there were five different governments. For the first time in Israel's history a prime minister was assassinated as a result of the mounting tension. The idf's response to Palestinian insurgence terror was Operation Defensive Shield, which began on March 29, 2002. In a matter of days the idf had taken control of all the cities of the West Bank, in order to wipe out terrorism and prevent the suicide bombings. By the middle of 2004, the idf found itself in control of all of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. For the first time since the beginning of the Intifada, there was a sharp decline in the amount of terrorist activity. However, in spite of the fact that the idf had left Lebanon (2000), Israel still faced a threat from Hizbollah on the northern border, and the threat from the West Bank and Gaza Strip remained potentially explosive. In August 2005 the idf withdrew from the Gaza Strip as well, after dismantling the Israeli settlements there (see *Gush Katif).
1995–2000. Many events preceded this period both in the political and military arena. In September 1992 the first Oslo Accords were signed. It was emphasized in this agreement that the Palestinian Authority recognized Israel's right to exist and took responsibility for preventing terrorist attacks against Israel and its citizens. Israel recognized the fact that the establishment of the Palestinian Authority would be the first step towards the establishment of a Palestinian state. The obstacles that remained in implementing these agreements were the status of Jerusalem, the refugee problem, and the future borders of the Palestinian state. Parallel to the Oslo Accords, Hizbollah continued its terrorist activities along the northern border. After the idf redeployed in 1985 along the security strip in south Lebanon, the army continued fighting terror with the cooperation of the residents of south Lebanon. As a result of Hizbollah's increased terror activity, the idf stepped up its defensive activity in the security zone. This activity included patrols, ambushes, and raids to eliminate the terrorist leaders, with the massive use of aircraft, tanks, and artillery. From 1991 Hizbollah began to launch Katyusha rockets against Jewish settlements along the northern border, especially Kiryat Shemonah. After a massive attack of Katyusha rockets, Israel responded with a campaign called Operation Accountability (Din ve-Ḥeshbon) commencing July 23, 1993. During this campaign, the Israeli Air Force attacked Hizbollah strongholds, Shi ʾ ite villages, and the cities of Tyre and Sidon. Fifty terrorists were killed and 3,000 citizens fled to the capital city of Beirut. After six days of fighting, both sides agreed to prevent attacks from their sides of the border. Between 1991 and 1995, 6,532 terrorist operations were carried out against the Israeli army in which 77 soldiers were killed and 392 wounded. Parallel to the terrorist activity on the northern border, Palestinian terrorist organizations began to attack civilian targets in Israel's big cities. The Ḥamas, the Islamic Jihad, and later the Tanzim (al-Aqsa Brigades) began to use suicide bombers. The first suicide bombing occurred on April 16, 1993, jdc a car driven by a suicide bomber exploded near a group of soldiers in the vicinity of Beit El. From April 1993 to December 2000, hundreds of terrorist acts took place inside Israel, 20 of which were by suicide bombers. The main suicide bombings took place in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Netanyah, and Afulah. In these bombings, 240 people were killed. Yitzhak Rabin, as prime minister, Ehud Barak, the chief of staff, and Amnon Lipkin-Shahak as his deputy, realized that terrorism had become a strategic threat to the existence of Israel. For the first time, fundamentalist Islamic Palestinian terror was defined as the main threat to Israel's existence. The idf began to prepare for a war against terror, especially against the suicide bombers. On February 25, 1995, Dr. Baruch Goldstein, a resident of Kiryat Arba, entered the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron with a semi-automatic weapon and killed 29 Palestinians praying in the mosque. In addition, another 101 Arabs were wounded. This event increased the tension between the Palestinian Authority and the State of Israel. On May 4, 1994, the Cairo Agreement was signed between the pa and the government of Israel. This was a continuation of the Oslo Accords. According to this agreement, the Israeli government agreed to turn the control of the Gaza Strip and Jericho over to the pa. The continuation of suicide bombings proved to the Israeli government that Yasser Arafat was not capable of preventing terror attacks. This meant that Arafat was not able to fulfill the main condition of the Oslo Accords. As a result of the terror activity a large segment of Israeli society opposed the Oslo Accords. In spite of the great opposition to the Oslo process, Israel signed another interim agreement with the pa called Oslo B. On September 28, 1995, Rabin and Yasser Arafat signed the agreement with the backing of the U.S., Russia, the European Union, President Mubarak of Egypt, and King Hussein of Jordan. Ehud Barak, the chief of staff, had reservations about the agreement because he did not believe that the pa would be able to carry it out. Under the direction of Rabin the army began to plan its redeployment in Judea and Samaria. The redeployment was carried out by Central Command headquarters of the idf. It was based on the Oslo B agreement stipulating that the idf was to withdraw from all the major cities in Judea and Samaria and to transfer control to the pa. The redeployment plan was called Keshet Zeva'im ("Colors of the Rainbow"). In order to ensure security in Judea and Samaria, the idf set up headquarters outside the cities. Division headquarters in Judea and Samaria now had under its authority six new brigade headquarters, dozens of battalion headquarters, and dozens of company headquarters. The new deployment expressed itself in the division of responsibility between the idf and the pa according to Oslo b. The major Palestinian cities were defined as Area a in which the pa was responsible for security and civilian administration. The areas outside the Palestinian cities, which included most of the Palestinian villages, were defined as Area b. In these areas, administrative authority was in the hands of the pa but security was the responsibility of the idf. The rest of the area was defined as Area C and under the full control of Israel. The deployment of the idf was based on three important principles: securing the main roads for Israeli settlers; the protection of settlements; and continuing anti-terrorist activities. The idf began to patrol the main arteries of Israeli transportation. In order to increase security on these roads, access to some of them was denied to the Palestinians. To ensure the security of the settlers, every settlement was given military reinforcement. In addition, patrol roads, security fences, watchtowers, and sometimes even tanks were positioned in the periphery of the settlements. To control the movement of the Palestinians, the idf deployed over a hundred checkpoints along the main roads of Judea and Samaria. The Ministry of Defense even invested money in armored buses for schoolchildren as well as armored ambulances and had armored convoys accompany them.
In October 1994, a peace treaty was signed between Jordan and the State of Israel. This treaty changed the perception of security along their common border. Division and brigade commanders began to have regular meetings. A hotline was set up between the two armies to coordinate military activities along both sides of the border. In spite of the improved relations, Jordanian-Palestinian soldiers fired upon Israeli patrols along the border. jdc in May 1996 a group of terrorists killed three Israeli soldiers, Israeli and Jordanian soldiers worked together in Jordanian territory to eliminate the terrorists. The political conflict within Israeli led to the assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin on November 4, 1995, at a mass rally in support of the Oslo agreement. After this terrible event, Shimon Peres became prime minister. Terrorist activities including suicide bombings continued. On February 25, 1996, a suicide bomber blew himself up on a bus in Jerusalem killing 26 people. Along with Palestinian terrorist activity, the Hizbollah continued its operations along the northern border, which included a massive attack of Katyusha rockets against Israeli settlements. At the beginning of 1996, as a result of the rocket attacks, the settlements on the northern border had become in effect hostages of the Hizbollah. In response, the idf undertook Operation Grapes of Wrath (Invei Za'am) in southern Lebanon. The aim of this operation was to eliminate Hizbollah strongholds, to destabilize civilian life, and to put pressure on the Lebanese government to put an end to Hizbollah activities.
In this operation, the idf used all of its forces, which included massive airpower, tanks, artillery, and the navy. During the course of the operation, 770 Katyusha rockets fell on Israel. Twenty-four citizens were wounded and three were killed. In the midst of Israel's massive artillery attack, a Lebanese village, Kefar Kana, was mistakenly hit and approximately 100 people were killed. Another hundred were injured. Under the auspices of the Security Council, an understanding was reached between Israel, Lebanon, and Syria under which Lebanon and Syria would prevent the launching of Katyusha rockets against Israel. In this operation the idf demonstrated its tremendous capability in coordinating naval, air, and ground forces. Palestinian terror activity, parallel to the terror activity of the Hizbollah, forced the army to change its deployment and methods of warfare against terror. This was especially true as far as the suicide bombers were concerned. To achieve this aim, the idf increased its forces, set up new military units, and increased the cooperation with the regular and border police in fighting terror.
In May 1996, Benyamin Netanyahu (Likud) was elected prime minister of Israel, and Yiẓḥak Mordecai was appointed minister of defense. At the end of September, in spite of the objections of the General Security Service, Netanyahu ordered the opening of the northern gate of the tunnel leading to the Western Wall of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. This led to violent demonstrations in which 15 Israeli soldiers were killed, as well as 60 Palestinian soldiers and policemen. As a result, a summit meeting was held with Netanyahu, Arafat, King Hussein, and President Clinton participating. This summit led to the signing of the Hebron Agreement on January 17, 1997. By the end of the month, the idf had withdrawn from most of Hebron, except for Kiryat Arba, the Cave of the Patriarchs, and the Jewish Quarter (Bet Hadassah).
Suicide bombings carried out by so-called shahidim (martyrs) continued. In the summer of 1997, two suicide bombings took place in which 21 Jerusalemites were killed. The terrorist activities of the Islamic Jihad and the Ḥamas caused the idf to increase its presence in the main city centers. Netanyahu ordered the Mossad to eliminate Halad Mashal, one of the leaders of the Ḥamas. The attempt to assassinate him in Amman failed, and proved to be a great embarrassment for Israel. To improve relations, Israel agreed to Jordan's request to release Palestinian prisoners. Among them was Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, the leader of the Ḥamas in Gaza.
In February 1997, while transporting soldiers from Mahanaim in northern Israel to south Lebanon, two helicopters collided while flying above the settlement of She'ar Yashuv. Seventy-three fighters, officers, and crew were killed. It was the worse air disaster in the history of the Israeli Air Force. As a result, the air force commander decided to appoint a senior officer as coordinator of helicopter units. In addition, as part of the preparation of Israel's defense against future threats, the Israel Space Agency began a program to launch space satellites. In coordination with nasa, an Israeli astronaut began his training in Houston, Texas, in 1998.
On October 23, 1998, President Clinton organized the Wye Summit, whose purpose was to implement the Oslo Accords. It was agreed that the idf would continue withdrawing from Judea and Samaria. In addition, an international airport was to be built in Gaza. As part of the agreement, the Palestinian National Council undertook to abolish sections of the Palestinian Convention that called for the destruction of the State of Israel. In July 1998, Shaul Mofaz was appointed chief of staff of the idf. On July 6, Ehud Barak was elected prime minister. He also held the portfolio of minister of defense. In his election campaign, Barak had promised to pull all Israeli forces out of Lebanon.
On May 24, 2000, the idf withdrew from southern Lebanon. This was a unilateral decision not coordinated with the Lebanese or Syrian governments. This overnight withdrawal left the Israeli government and the army with two difficult problems. The first was the inability to support the soldiers of the South Lebanese Army. The second was the fact that the idf did not have the time to build an electronic fence along the border. It took a year to complete the job, during which time the army had to patrol the border. The Northern Command of the idf was redeployed along the international border. Its operations were integrated with the air force, intelligence, and special units. The redeployment along the international border now legitimized Israel's response to any attacks of Hizbollah. On May 7, 2000, three Israeli soldiers were abducted by the Hizbollah. In the ensuing investigation conducted by the idf a brigade commander was dismissed from his post and the advancement of a division commander was held up.
Barak's attempts to reach an agreement with the Syrians (on the Golan Heights) and the Palestinians (Judea and Samaria and Gaza) brought him face to face with Arafat and Clinton at Camp David in July 2000. In spite of the fact that Barak had agreed to give up 90% of Judea and Samaria, and even to give up sovereignty over the Arab neighborhoods in East Jerusalem, the summit failed. Clinton's compromise proposals of December 2000, did not overcome the impasse between Arafat and Barak.
On September 28, two months before this proposal, Barak had given permission to Knesset member Ariel Sharon (Likud) to pay a publicized visit to the Temple Mount. His visit caused an outbreak of Palestinian violence that led to the involvement of the idf and the Border Police. As a direct result of the Palestinian riots, disturbances broke out among Israeli Arabs a month later. Thirteen Israeli Arab citizens were killed. The riots on the Temple Mount, the identification of the Israeli Arabs with the Palestinians, and the failure of the Camp David summit led to the outbreak of the Al-Aqsa Intifada. This was characterized by Palestinian insurgency accompanied by intensive terrorist activity. The last few months of 2000 saw an increase in Palestinian terror attacks, Hizbollah terror, and especially the involvement of Israeli Arabs in terrorist activities within Israel. Israel reinforced its forces in Judea, Samaria, and Gaza and along the northern border. Arafat's inability to prevent terror against Israel and his rejection of Barak's proposal at Camp David brought about a change in his strategy. Seeking the involvement of the international community by maintaining the volatile situation, Arafat began to give secret support to terrorist groups. Consequently he began to be viewed by the Israeli and the American governments as irrelevant to the peace process. The suicide bombings moved the idf to plan a military operation that would destroy the terrorist infrastructure and its leaders. The Israeli government instructed the idf to plan this campaign to restore security to Israeli citizens.
2001–2005. On March 7, Ariel Sharon was elected as the prime minister of a national unity government and Binyamin Eliezar became minister of defense. During this period the suicide bombings continued. From December 2000 until April 2004, 541 civilians and soldiers were killed. As part of their policy, the terrorist organizations attempted to eliminate Israeli leaders. On October 17, 2001, the minister of tourism, Rehavam *Ze'evi, was assassinated in a hotel in Jerusalem. On March 27, 2002, on the night of the Passover seder, a suicide bombing in the Park Hotel in Netanyah killed 30 civilians and wounded over a hundred. The prime minister, the minister of defense, and the chief of staff decided to take a drastic step in the war against terror. The ensuing military action was named Operation Defensive Shield (Ḥomat Magen), with the following aims:
a) The idf was to take over and control the cities and villages that had become havens for terrorists;
b) To arrest and capture terrorists and the leaders behind them;
c) To confiscate all weapons;
d) To eliminate terrorist installations, laboratories for making bombs, weapon-making factories, shelters for terrorists, and anyone carrying weapons who was endangering the security of Israel.
Between January and March 2002, the idf had worked systematically to destroy the terrorist infrastructure. In March and April 2002, a decisive blow was struck in Operation Defensive Shield, and from June 2002 until May 2003 the idf completed its control of Judea and Samaria. From the middle of 2003 until 2004, the idf had stabilized its control of Judea and Samaria. Although according to the Oslo Accords some of these areas were in Area a, they returned to full control of the Israeli army. Operation Defensive Shield, which had begun on March 29, 2002, officially ended on May 10, 2002. Infantry and tank units from the regular forces and the reserves participated in this operation.
To improve its control over the forces in Judea and Samaria, a new divisional headquarters was set up which took over the responsibility for Bethlehem and Hebron. The takeover of Palestinian cities was carried out in a relatively short time, and with the exception of Jenin was carried out with virtually no casualties. In Jenin 27 soldiers were killed, 14 of them in the refugee camp. In Ramallah, Arafat and his command were trapped in the Mukata (the central command of the Palestinians in Ramallah). In Bethlehem, a number of terrorists took refuge in the Church of the Nativity and were forced to leave the country after an agreement. Alongside of Palestinian terror, the Hizbollah continued its attacks with the support of Syria and Iran. From the time the idf withdrew from Lebanon in May 2000, until July 2004, numerous attempts to attack Israeli soldiers and settlements took place along the northern border. During this period, 14 attempts were made by the Hizbollah to infiltrate Israel. As a result of these activities, 13 soldiers and six civilians were killed. In addition, 54 soldiers and 14 civilians were wounded.
In June 2002, the American administration proposed its roadmap for peace in the Middle East. Because of its distrust of Arafat the Israeli government was not willing to implement the roadmap. This was the reason it began to erect a fence between Israel and the Palestinians. The area on both sides of the fence included advanced technological early warning systems to prevent Palestinian terrorists from infiltrating into Israel. In the first stage, 132 kilometers were built and another 150 were being planned. The fence more or less followed the pre-Six-Day War "green line." Thanks to the fence terrorist attacks decreased by 75% in January–July 2004 in comparison with the same period the year before. Together with the idf's activity along the security fence, the army began to eliminate terrorist leaders in Gaza, and Judea and Samaria. Israel's success in killing the chief terrorist leaders, and the lack of experience of their successors, contributed to the decline in terrorist activity. In these killings the idf integrated intelligence, advanced technology, and helicopters.
In February 2003, the space mission of the American spaceship Columbia failed. The first Israeli astronaut, Col. Ilan Ramon, was killed in this mission. This disaster was a serious setback to Israel's space program and curtailed Israeli-American cooperation in space. Israel's space activity had become an important part of the state's national security.
In March 2003, the American army invaded Iraq in order to bring down the regime of Saddam Hussein. This was the end result of the terrorist attack by Al-Qaeda in New York on September 11, 2001. After the United States took over Iraq and had captured Saddam Hussein, terrorist activity against American soldiers in Iraq escalated.
The success of the terrorists in Iraq encouraged Palestinian terror groups to increase their activity in Israel. In the beginning of 2004, Ḥamas escalated its activities in the Gaza Strip. As a result, the idf made strikes in Gaza and killed Sheikh Yassin and Aziz El Rantisi. These men had been the most prominent among Ḥamas leaders in encouraging terror attacks against Israel. After the murder of Tali Hatuel and her four daughters in Gush Katif in March 2004, the idf intensified its operations against terrorists in Gaza. During these operations, two armored vehicles loaded with explosives blew up and 13 Israeli soldiers were killed. In consequence, the idf began a campaign to destroy the terrorist infrastructure in Rafah and in particular the tunnels used for smuggling explosives from Egypt to the Gaza Strip. In this campaign 40 terrorists were killed and 56 houses were demolished. The campaign enabled the army to control the Philadelphi Corridor, thus creating a buffer zone that separated Egyptian territory from the Palestinians.
The terrorist groups in Gaza felt limited in their capability to infiltrate Israel and launch mortars and Kassam rockets. To upgrade the level of their attacks on Israel, the Palestinians tried to obtain weapons from outside sources. An example of this was the ship Karin a that tried to smuggle weapons from Iran to Gaza. This ship was captured by the Israeli Navy. It was then that the idf realized that Al-Qaeda and Hizbollah were working hand and hand with the Palestinians.
The escalation of terrorist activities and the inability of the PA to advance the peace process led Prime Minister Sharon to announce a plan for unilateral withdrawal from Gaza. On April 28, 2004, this plan was made known to the public. The main idea of this proposal was to break the political stalemate with the pa and to minimize the friction with the Palestinians. The implementation of this plan would bring Gaza under Palestinian control and give a chance to the pa to prove their ability to prevent terrorist activities. On August 22, 2004, the disengagement task force was set up. A year later, in August 2005, the idf together with the police, removed the settlers of Gush Katif in the Gaza Strip from their homes, for the most part meeting with passive resistance, and then proceeded to dismantle the settlements.
In this period, based on intelligence reports, the idf redefined the threats against the security of the State of Israel. These were as follows:
a) The escalation of Palestinian terror through the use of long-range rockets on Israeli aircraft.
b) Hizbollah activities on the northern border launching hundreds of rockets on Israeli settlements.
c) The threat from Syria that could develop into a war of attrition along the Lebanese border and on the Golan Heights. In addition, there was the threat of the use of Scud missiles against Israeli targets in the center of the country.
d) The ability of Iran to launch Shihab missiles on Israeli targets in the center of the country, and the possibility that they would develop nuclear capabilities within a short time.
Along with these threats, Egypt and Saudi Arabia were amassing ballistic missiles. The Middle East was becoming a "powder keg" and this was endangering the security of Israel. The reality of this strategic situation forced Israel to develop advance response systems that would ensure Israel's military superiority and its deterrent ability. The increase in Israel's military strength between 1995 and 2005 occurred in its naval, land, and air forces.
The Israel Space Agency, with the aim of maintaining a military advantage, developed a satellite system in this period. Its purpose was to gather intelligence and serve as a means of communication. In this period the satellites Shavit, Ofek, and Amos were launched. In spite of the Columbia disaster, cooperation between the Israel Space Agency and nasa continued. The Israel Aircraft Industry continued to be the main arm in developing advanced military weapons. In land combat, new technologies were developed. These included new means of artillery and an advanced tank Merkavah 4. In Operation Defensive Shield the concept of "limited confrontation" (guerrilla war) began to evolve. To improve means of combat, the idf began equipping its soldiers with new guns (the Tavor) and began using lightweight armored jeeps. New anti-tank missiles and advanced night-vision binoculars were developed. The air force equipped itself with new helicopters (Blackhawk and Apache), and new aircraft (the f-15i and f-16i). These new fighter jets enabled Israel to reach enemy targets up to 4,000 kilometers away (covering all of the Middle East). The navy acquired three new submarines (Dolphins) that enabled it to operate anywhere in the Middle East. Moreover, the navy developed missile carriers that increased its ability to deter enemy threats. Israel's experience in the Gulf War (1991) led the idf to develop a defensive ballistic missile system in cooperation with the United States. As a part of its Arrow missile system a special radar device was created to act as an early warning system. In this period (2000–5), after a number of successful test launches the Arrow became an important factor in the defense of Israel. In addition, rockets and long-range missiles were developed for the land, air, and naval forces. In order to deal with new terrorist threats, Israel's intelligence capabilities were upgraded. New means of gathering intelligence were developed. This included unmanned aerial vehicles (uav).
In spite of the idf's great military strength, it had to deal with the phenomenon of soldiers' refusal to serve in protest against the Israeli occupation. In this period the number of young people refusing to serve in the army increased. In 2004, pilots and officers in special units published a letter in which they declared their refusal to serve in Judea, Samaria, and Gaza. In the 2005 evacuation of Gush Katif there were also isolated instances of refusal to carry out orders, but the extent of such incidents, at both ends of the political spectrum, were far rarer than had been feared.
In addition to the strategic cooperation between Israel and the United States, Israel advanced its military cooperation with Turkey and India. Israel helped these countries to upgrade their tanks, aircraft, and military technology.
As a result of terror activities all over the world, regular armies have begun to fight militant groups or even individual terrorists. This type of asymmetric combat is what characterizes the period. The greatest fear of the enlightened world is that fundamentalist Islamic groups will gain control of weapons of mass destruction. The threat is one which Israel deals with as well. In order to maintain national security, the State of Israel must remain superior in its deterrent systems and continuously improve its deterrent capabilities. Stability in the Middle East will only be achieved jdc peace agreements are signed between Israel and Syria, and Israel and the Palestinians. Until that time the Israel Defense Forces must meet all actual and potential military challenges. (For the clashes between Israel and Hizbollah in Lebanon in summer 2006, see *Israel, State of: Historical Survey.)
[Gideon Netzer (2nd ed.)]
ottoman and mandatory periods. E. Golomb, History of Jewish Self-Defense in Palestine 1878 – 1921 (1946); M.P. Waters (pseud.), Haganah (1945?); M. Pearlman, The Army of Israel (1950), chs. 1–8; E. Dekel, Shai: The Exploits of Haganah Intelligence (1959); M. Mardor, Strictly Illegal (1964); Dinur, Haganah. israel defense forces. Y. Allon, The Making of Israel's Army (1969); idem, Shield of David (1970); S. Peres, David's Sling (1970). add. bibliography: C. Herzog, The Arab-Israel Wars: War and Peace in the Middle East from the War of Independence through Lebanon (1983); Z. Schiff, A History of the Israeli Army, 1870 – 1974 (1974). website: www1.idf.il. | <urn:uuid:8dd4ee81-41b0-475c-b44b-24b61ce10d07> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/land-israel-defense-forces | 2023-09-22T12:54:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.974995 | 19,670 |
Hip hop is a bundle of cultural practices that coalesced during the 1970s. It was largely developed by black and Latino youth in the Bronx, a New York City borough particularly affected by urban blight, middle-class flight, and deindustrialization. Hip hop is often used interchangeably with the term rap to describe the musical dimension of the cultural movement. Hip hop, though, is an umbrella term that refers to four distinct cultural forms. Graffiti (or bombing ) is an art form that was typically staged on New York City subway trains before it gained mainstream recognition in the early 1980s. The second cultural practice associated with the emergence of hip hop is break-dancing or breaking (as performed, for example, by the Rock Steady Crew). Breaking has obvious roots in earlier forms of dance within the United States and provided the inspiration for the term b-boy, a male break dancer. The remaining two elements— deejaying and emceeing —constitute the primary distinguishing characteristics of the musical idiom associated with hip hop culture. The first refers to the role of turntables in the making and mixing of rap music rhythms in the place of live musicians (in the traditional sense). The emergence of the emcee as a dominant figure reflects the role the spoken word plays in hip hop, distinguishing it from the genres of gospel, blues, and rhythm and blues, in which singing features prominently. With time, graffiti and break-dancing became less prominent and commodifiable, as the deejay and especially the emcee emerged as the genre’s iconic representatives.
The three individuals most associated with the music’s early development were Bronx residents Kool Herc, Afrika Bambaataa, and Grandmaster Flash. Herc is celebrated for his adaptation of the sound-system culture—bass and volume—of his native Jamaica to the parks and community centers of the Bronx. Afrika Bambaataa, the child of Caribbean immigrants, would contribute his eclectic taste and his willingness to use rock, reggae, soul, and jazz musical sources to create rap music. Grandmaster Flash, an immigrant from the Caribbean island of Barbados, is known as the pioneer in the realm of turntablism and for developing the art of mixing. At this early stage, the primary figures associated with the genre were all deejays. Their work, in the aggregate, provides evidence of the influence of Jamaican popular culture upon rap’s emergence (for example, producers such as Lee Perry and King Tubby, and performers such as I-Roy and U-Roy).
Hip hop emerged as a prominent form of black popular culture outside of the New York area with the success of the Sugarhill Gang’s “Rapper’s Delight” (1979), which was released on an independent label owned by musician and producer Sylvia Robinson. Indeed, most of the music’s pioneers did not consider rap to be commercially viable and, as a consequence, did not try to make and distribute recordings. The developing interest in these practices by the culture industries created new stars, such as Kurtis Blow, the Funky Four Plus One, and the Treacherous Three, along with older groups such as Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, Afrika Bambaataa and the Soul Sonic Force, and the Cold Crush Brothers. The genre also achieved crossover popularity through the work of pop groups such as Blondie (“Rapture,” 1980). Up until this juncture, most observers saw rap as a novelty and most of the records were made for independent labels.
As a recorded medium, the first classic era of rap music was launched with the release in 1982 of Afrika Bambaataa and the Soul Sonic Force’s “Planet Rock” and Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five’s “The Message.” The former recording revealed a strong influence by the German electronic group Kraftwerk. The latter, with its relatively pointed social message, was recorded and released against the will and without the participation of most of the group’s members (including Grandmaster Flash), and would signal the changing balance between deejays and emcees, with the turntablists gradually fading in prominence. Following in the wake of these canonical recordings was the work of New York–area artists such as Run DMC, LL Cool J, Boogie Down Productions, Eric B. & Rakim, and Public Enemy. As the music’s influence spread beyond the inner city, suburban youth became involved as artists, including most prominently De La Soul and the Native Tongues movement. Hip hop’s audience crossed boundaries with time, and it is suggested that at points as many as three-quarters of the consumers of the music were neither black nor Latino.
The effects of crack cocaine and its associated industries energized (and in some instances subsidized) new forms of rap music. The kinds of rap that emerged from the west coast of the United States (especially Los Angeles and Oakland) were distinguished from their counterparts in the Northeast not only by their linguistic innovations and source preferences (e.g., Parliament/Funkadelic and Zapp versus soul jazz and James Brown), but also, at least initially, by their moral economies. By the middle of the 1990s, these perspectives provided the dominant template for the making of rap music in the South (OutKast, Petey Pablo, and others, in the wake of Miami’s 2 Live Crew), the West (N.W.A., Ice T, Ice Cube, Dr. Dre, Snoop Doggy Dogg, and Tupac), and the Northeast (the Notorious B.I.G., Jay-Z, and later 50 Cent).
The musical genre of rap has proved to be diverse in many respects. Nevertheless, throughout its history it has been a space that has privileged masculine perspectives and—in contrast to rhythm and blues, which is often cast as its feminized other—has featured few successful women practitioners (exceptions include Roxanne Shanté, MC Lyte, Queen Latifah, Lauryn Hill, L’il Kim, and Foxy Brown). Indeed, the genre as manifested in its lyrics, its publications, and in film became relatively misogynistic. Its boundaries would also—in contrast to other black music forms, such as house music—discourage the open participation of lesbians and gays with its often ritualistic deployment of homophobic discourse. Its successful practitioners have also been overwhelmingly black with few exceptions (e.g., Eminem). Hip hop music and culture have also had a great impact abroad throughout Europe, Africa, parts of Asia, and the Americas, and have generated new genres in response, including drum and bass, reggaeton, grime, and kwaito.
Hip hop defined the generation coming of age in the 1980s and afterward. Moreover, with its particular sartorial, linguistic, gender, and class inflections, it represents in the eyes of many a rejection of the aesthetics, values, and goals of the civil rights generation. It has also been used to market clothing, running shoes, and subsequently a wide range of consumer goods, as well as politics (most prominently in the form of the Hip Hop Action Network and the Vote or Die voter registration campaigns mounted during the 2004 American national elections).
Forman, Murray, and Mark Anthony Neal. 2004. That’s the Joint! The Hip-Hop Studies Reader. New York: Routledge.
Kitwana, Bakari. 2002. The Hip Hop Generation: Young Blacks and the Crisis in African American Culture. New York: Basic Civitas.
Rose, Tricia. 1994. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press.
Watkins, S. Craig. 2005. Hip Hop Matters: Politics, Pop Culture, and the Struggle for the Soul of a Movement. Boston: Beacon. | <urn:uuid:3e5492ca-6d1c-4c5c-a329-3a635cfa4b23> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/hip-hop | 2023-09-22T12:57:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.959507 | 1,653 |
What’s New at Enervise?
In the bustling world of commercial enterprises, maintaining a smoothly functioning plumbing system is crucial for businesses of all sizes. From hotels and restaurants to office buildings and shopping centers, efficient plumbing infrastructure is vital to daily operations. One key aspect that ensures the reliability and longevity of commercial plumbing systems is the establishment of […]Read More
Enervise Recognizes Tenured Employees
At Enervise, we pride ourselves on providing rewarding opportunities and sustainable careers. We’ve expanded our workforce as we added plumbing this past year (yes, we have plumbing!) and another market in Sidney, Ohio. Hiring and developing a strong workforce is essential for the care and service of our customers. Employees hitting major milestones include […]
Enervise Receives Top Workplaces 2023, for a Third Year in a Row
Enervise Receives Top Workplaces 2023, for a Third Year in a Row! What is more incredible than earning the Enquirer Media’s “Top Workplace” award in 2021 and 2022? Celebrating it for a THIRD STRAIGHT YEAR!!! Yes, Enervise is on a three-peat as we garnered the honor again for 2023! Once again, our amazing culture […]
Enervise Named Top Workplace Again in 2022
It is with great enthusiasm I share some exciting news! We have been named a TOP WORKPLACE in Enquirer Media’s Top Workplaces for 2022. Only 130 companies out of countless organizations get noticed at this level…and we are truly humbled! At Enervise, we strive for a strong internal culture, extraordinary communication, and a sustainable career […]
Enervise is Hiring: Find Your Rewarding Career
Enervise offers rewarding careers for those interested in working on a supportive and trusting team that is driven to succeed.
Enervise Named Top Workplace in 2021
The Cincinnati Enquirer announced June 10, 2021 that Enervise is named a Top Workplace in 2021.
4 Steps to Completing a Successful HVAC Retrofit
Now more than ever, Facility Managers are having to evaluate and re-evaluate cost of repairs for commercial HVAC systems.
The Best Healthcare Facilities Prioritize HVAC to Improve Patient Care & Working Conditions
Proper maintenance of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems is essential for maintaining indoor air quality in any commercial facility, but it takes on an added level of importance in healthcare facilities.
Don’t Rely on Luck Alone to Keep Your HVAC Costs Down: Consider Going Green
The U.S. Department of Energy reported that on average, 30% of the energy and cost that goes into powering HVAC is lost to waste. Here are 5 tips to keep commercial HVAC energy costs down.
3 Tips to Ensure Chiller Retrofits Succeed
Chiller retrofits and replacements need to be properly maintained to ensure longevity. Here are 4 tips to ensure commercial chiller retrofits succeed.
Don’t Forget About Your Facility’s Chiller before Spring
Here are a few tips to ensure your chiller is properly maintained before spring.
3 Reasons to Consider Supplemental Air Cleaning in Your Facility: Carrier’s OptiClean Negative Air Machine
Carrier's OptiClean™ portable negative air machine was originally created to help hospitals treat patients with COVID-19. Now, the technology is being used in various indoor environments to clean and remove air contaminated by the virus.
March is the Time to Think About Modernizing Your Commercial Air Conditioning System
Is it too late to think about modernizing your commercial AC system? The typical timeline for replacing or repairing HVAC equipment can take up to 12-14 weeks.
What Can We Do to Get People Back in the Office
Facility managers and building owners of office spaces are challenged with creating a comprehensive plan for a healthy building which includes a strategy for air purification, ventilation, HVAC and filtration.
12 Tips for Better Remote Building Management
When done right, control solutions allow building managers to break the good news at the next boardroom meeting.
Creating a Self-Healing Building with Bipolar Ionization
Bipolar ionization technology supports time and money already spent on disinfection and restoration methods, and helps buildings heal themselves
Enervise Team of HVAC Technicians is Growing in Kentucky, Indiana & Ohio
This combination of wisdom and upbeat energy bring a team spirit that was very apparent at this year's outdoor holiday celebrations.
7 Reasons to Install Air Ionization Technology
Bipolar ionizers are highly efficient, cost-effective, and easy to install.
Enervise Recognizes Team Members of 25 Years
Every year, Enervise celebrates milestone anniversaries of team members who have dedicated years of service to the company and it's customers. | <urn:uuid:619a67ec-049b-40a3-8c2e-830427fa07b0> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.enervise.com/news-events/ | 2023-09-22T10:28:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.915954 | 1,009 |
Verdiem has extended its computer power management platform to cover Macs as well as PCs. The latest version of the software, Surveyor 5.5 includes support for Mac desktops and laptops, and improved integration with Windows 7 power management capabilities, Verdiem says.
The company says that Surveyor helps enterprises to centrally control and reduce the energy used by computers on their network by up to 60 percent. More than 600 corporations, government agencies and universities are using Surveyor on more than 1.6 million seats, and saving an average of $20 to $60 per computer per year, Verdiem says.
Macs represent about 3.5 percent of worldwide computer sales, and their presence within business is steadily growing, Verdiem adds.
Ecotality has released the Blink Mobile Application (pictured), which allows users to locate electric vehicle chargers and receive charging status updates and notifications. It joins a growing number of similar mobile apps, such as the free PlugShare app.
The company is installing its Blink charging stations at a variety of locations including grocery stores, retail locations and restaurants. Drivers can view these either through the app or online at blinknetwork.com.
Finally, Pocketweb and Volvo Group have released an updated version of Commute Greener!, which monitors and analyzes users’ greenhouse gas emissions while encouraging them to set reduction targets based on weekly driving habits. The new version adds innovative indices for fuel savings, direct messaging capabilities and the ability to track health-related activities such as walking or bike riding , Pocketweb said.
Commute Greener! uses social networking tools to enable competitions between users, where they can compare performance and challenge each other to reduce gas emissions. The software also provides alternate routes that encourage CO2 reduction. | <urn:uuid:827074a6-aa20-4b88-9045-9b4ba4844f2d> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.environmentalleader.com/2011/04/environmental-software-news-verdiem-ecotality-volvo/ | 2023-09-22T11:08:00Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.94271 | 358 |
The Obama administration has told a federal court that it has no objection to reopening lawsuits brought by both industry and environmental groups challenging national air quality standards for ground-level ozone set by the Bush administration in 2008, the New York Times reported. The EPA under President Obama had spent two years proposing to tighten that 75 parts per billion standard, but scrapped the plan in the face of opposition from Republicans and business groups.
The influential European Environment Agency Scientific Committee has found that the European Union overestimates the reductions in greenhouse gas emissions achieved through use of biofuels, the New York Times reported. In a draft report the committee wrote that biofuels are “double counted” and reductions should be measured by how much additional carbon dioxide such crops absorb beyond what would have been absorbed anyway by existing fields, forests and grasslands.
Sen. Susan Collins (R-Maine) and 16 other Senate Republicans have filed legislation to impose a one-year moratorium on large new federal regulations to give businesses a “sensible breather” from what she said are rules that are stifling hiring, The Hill reported. The moratorium would bar rules costing more than $100 million per year from going into effect. Collins used the EPA’s proposed Boiler MACT rule, which would regulate industrial boiler emissions, as an example of the kind of regulation that kills jobs.
The Energy Department on Tuesday finalized a $1.2 billion loan guarantee for the Mojave Solar Project sponsored by Abengoa Solar Inc. (artist’s rendering pictured left), according to a report in Reuters. The developers predict the project will create more than 900 construction and operations jobs.
The International Atomic Energy Agency said it expects significant growth in the global use of nuclear power over the next two decades, despite a significant draw down following the radiation crisis at Japan’s Fukushima plant, Reuters reported. The number of operating reactors in the world is expected to increase by between 90 and 350 units by 2030, according to Yukiya Amano, director general of the agency.
The Interior Department agency tasked with regulating offshore drilling proposed new rules on Tuesday to upgrade safety standards imposed after the BP spill in the Gulf of Mexico, The Hill reported. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement proposal would add more employee training and strengthen auditing procedures by requiring them to be completed by independent third parties.
Republicans in the House of Representatives plan to widen the scope of an investigation into the circumstances of a $535 million loan guarantee from the Obama adminstration to Solyndra, a California solar firm that declared bankruptcy last month, The Hill reported. Rep. Cliff Stearns (R-Fla.), chairman of the Energy and Commerce Committee’s Oversight panel, said Tuesday that he wants to examine many other similar loan guarantees approved by the Department of Energy.
Waste Management LampTracker, Inc., has agreed to pay a $118,800 civil penalty to settle alleged violations at its permitted Kaiser, Mo., facility and a nearby unpermitted materials staging area. The EPA said the company, which collects and recycles mercury containing equipment, violated its Missouri Hazardous Waste Permit and provisions of the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska) on Tuesday said the EPA would “make a mockery out of the federal environmental review process” if it considered a preemptive veto of the proposed Pebble Mine in Alaska’s Bristol Bay area before a permit application is submitted. Sen. Maria Cantwell (D-WA) requested a preemptive denial of the project and EPA announced plans to conduct a watershed assessment of the Bristol Bay area in Alaska.
A newly released internal email from Entergy Corp. shows the company engaged in efforts to reverse flagging public support in Vermont in the weeks before and after a state Senate vote last year to close the Vermont Yankee nuclear plant, The Burlington Free Press reported. The documents came to light in a federal trial in which Entergy is challenging Vermont’s order to shutter the plant when its initial 40-year license expires next March. | <urn:uuid:6713e7b3-bbf8-467b-b181-bcf494241f19> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.environmentalleader.com/2011/09/policy-enforcement-briefing-double-counting-biofuels-regulatory-timeout-stricter-offshore-standards/ | 2023-09-22T10:44:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00798.warc.gz | en | 0.941543 | 829 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.