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Symmetric Variational Autoencoder and Connections to Adversarial Learning
A new form of the variational autoencoder (VAE) is proposed, based on the symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence. It is demonstrated that learning of the resulting symmetric VAE (sVAE) has close connections to previously developed adversarial-learning methods. This relationship helps unify the previously distinct tech...
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Matrix Product Unitaries: Structure, Symmetries, and Topological Invariants
Matrix Product Vectors form the appropriate framework to study and classify one-dimensional quantum systems. In this work, we develop the structure theory of Matrix Product Unitary operators (MPUs) which appear e.g. in the description of time evolutions of one-dimensional systems. We prove that all MPUs have a strict...
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Deep Models Under the GAN: Information Leakage from Collaborative Deep Learning
Deep Learning has recently become hugely popular in machine learning, providing significant improvements in classification accuracy in the presence of highly-structured and large databases. Researchers have also considered privacy implications of deep learning. Models are typically trained in a centralized manner wit...
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A. G. W. Cameron 1925-2005, Biographical Memoir, National Academy of Sciences
Alastair Graham Walker Cameron was an astrophysicist and planetary scientist of broad interests and exceptional originality. A founder of the field of nuclear astrophysics, he developed the theoretical understanding of the chemical elements’ origins and made pioneering connections between the abundances of elements...
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Realization of "Time Crystal" Lagrangians and Emergent Sisyphus Dynamics
We demonstrate how non-convex "time crystal" Lagrangians arise in the effective description of conventional, realizable physical systems. Such embeddings allow for the resolution of dynamical singularities that arise in the reduced description. Sisyphus dynamics, featuring intervals of forward motion interrupted by q...
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Gradient Normalization & Depth Based Decay For Deep Learning
In this paper we introduce a novel method of gradient normalization and decay with respect to depth. Our method leverages the simple concept of normalizing all gradients in a deep neural network, and then decaying said gradients with respect to their depth in the network. Our proposed normalization and decay techniqu...
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CARET analysis of multithreaded programs
Dynamic Pushdown Networks (DPNs) are a natural model for multithreaded programs with (recursive) procedure calls and thread creation. On the other hand, CARET is a temporal logic that allows to write linear temporal formulas while taking into account the matching between calls and returns. We consider in this paper t...
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Sparse modeling approach to analytical continuation of imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data
A new approach of solving the ill-conditioned inverse problem for analytical continuation is proposed. The root of the problem lies in the fact that even tiny noise of imaginary-time input data has a serious impact on the inferred real-frequency spectra. By means of a modern regularization technique, we eliminate red...
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Distral: Robust Multitask Reinforcement Learning
Most deep reinforcement learning algorithms are data inefficient in complex and rich environments, limiting their applicability to many scenarios. One direction for improving data efficiency is multitask learning with shared neural network parameters, where efficiency may be improved through transfer across related t...
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Finding the number density of atomic vapor by studying its absorption profile
We demonstrate a technique for obtaining the density of atomic vapor, by doing a fit of the resonant absorption spectrum to a density-matrix model. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the technique, we apply it to absorption in the ${\rm D_2}$ line of a Cs vapor cell at room temperature. The lineshape of the sp...
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Rigidity for von Neumann algebras given by locally compact groups and their crossed products
We prove the first rigidity and classification theorems for crossed product von Neumann algebras given by actions of non-discrete, locally compact groups. We prove that for arbitrary free probability measure preserving actions of connected simple Lie groups of real rank one, the crossed product has a unique Cartan su...
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Quantum Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sjoelander approach for interacting inhomogeneous systems under electromagnetic fields: Comparison with exact results
For inhomogeneous interacting electronic systems under a time-dependent electromagnetic perturbation, we derive the linear equation for response functions in a quantum mechanical manner. It is a natural extension of the original semi-classical Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sjoelander (STLS) approach for an electron gas. The facto...
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3D Convolutional Neural Networks for Brain Tumor Segmentation: A Comparison of Multi-resolution Architectures
This paper analyzes the use of 3D Convolutional Neural Networks for brain tumor segmentation in MR images. We address the problem using three different architectures that combine fine and coarse features to obtain the final segmentation. We compare three different networks that use multi-resolution features in terms ...
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Learning Random Fourier Features by Hybrid Constrained Optimization
The kernel embedding algorithm is an important component for adapting kernel methods to large datasets. Since the algorithm consumes a major computation cost in the testing phase, we propose a novel teacher-learner framework of learning computation-efficient kernel embeddings from specific data. In the framework, the...
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Min-max formulas and other properties of certain classes of nonconvex effective Hamiltonians
This paper is the first attempt to systematically study properties of the effective Hamiltonian $\overline{H}$ arising in the periodic homogenization of some coercive but nonconvex Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Firstly, we introduce a new and robust decomposition method to obtain min-max formulas for a class of nonconve...
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The Prescribed Ricci Curvature Problem on Homogeneous Spaces with Intermediate Subgroups
Consider a compact Lie group $G$ and a closed subgroup $H<G$. Suppose $\mathcal M$ is the set of $G$-invariant Riemannian metrics on the homogeneous space $M=G/H$. We obtain a sufficient condition for the existence of $g\in\mathcal M$ and $c>0$ such that the Ricci curvature of $g$ equals $cT$ for a given $T\in\mathca...
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Solving Boundary Value Problem for a Nonlinear Stationary Controllable System with Synthesizing Control
An algorithm for constructing a control function that transfers a wide class of stationary nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations from an initial state to a final state under certain control restrictions is proposed. The algorithm is designed to be convenient for numerical implementation. A constructive...
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Modelling and prediction of financial trading networks: An application to the NYMEX natural gas futures market
Over the last few years there has been a growing interest in using financial trading networks to understand the microstructure of financial markets. Most of the methodologies developed so far for this purpose have been based on the study of descriptive summaries of the networks such as the average node degree and the...
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A comparative study of fairness-enhancing interventions in machine learning
Computers are increasingly used to make decisions that have significant impact in people's lives. Often, these predictions can affect different population subgroups disproportionately. As a result, the issue of fairness has received much recent interest, and a number of fairness-enhanced classifiers and predictors ha...
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Predicting Opioid Relapse Using Social Media Data
Opioid addiction is a severe public health threat in the U.S, causing massive deaths and many social problems. Accurate relapse prediction is of practical importance for recovering patients since relapse prediction promotes timely relapse preventions that help patients stay clean. In this paper, we introduce a Genera...
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Self-Trapping of G-Mode Oscillations in Relativistic Thin Disks, Revisited
We examine by a perturbation method how the self-trapping of g-mode oscillations in geometrically thin relativistic disks is affected by uniform vertical magnetic fields. Disks which we consider are isothermal in the vertical direction, but are truncated at a certain height by presence of hot coronae. We find that th...
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Computable geometric complex analysis and complex dynamics
We discuss computability and computational complexity of conformal mappings and their boundary extensions. As applications, we review the state of the art regarding computability and complexity of Julia sets, their invariant measures and external rays impressions.
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PoseCNN: A Convolutional Neural Network for 6D Object Pose Estimation in Cluttered Scenes
Estimating the 6D pose of known objects is important for robots to interact with the real world. The problem is challenging due to the variety of objects as well as the complexity of a scene caused by clutter and occlusions between objects. In this work, we introduce PoseCNN, a new Convolutional Neural Network for 6D...
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MIP Formulations for the Steiner Forest Problem
The Steiner Forest problem is among the fundamental network design problems. Finding tight linear programming bounds for the problem is the key for both fast Branch-and-Bound algorithms and good primal-dual approximations. On the theoretical side, the best known bound can be obtained from an integer program [KLSv08]....
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Luminescence in germania-silica fibers in 1-2 μm region
We analyze the origins of the luminescence in germania-silica fibers with high germanium concentration (about 30 mol. % GeO2) in the region 1-2 {\mu}m with a laser pump at the wavelength 532 nm. We show that such fibers demonstrate the high level of luminescence which unlikely allows the observation of photon triplet...
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Boundedness in languages of infinite words
We define a new class of languages of $\omega$-words, strictly extending $\omega$-regular languages. One way to present this new class is by a type of regular expressions. The new expressions are an extension of $\omega$-regular expressions where two new variants of the Kleene star $L^*$ are added: $L^B$ and $L^S$. T...
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Maximum Regularized Likelihood Estimators: A General Prediction Theory and Applications
Maximum regularized likelihood estimators (MRLEs) are arguably the most established class of estimators in high-dimensional statistics. In this paper, we derive guarantees for MRLEs in Kullback-Leibler divergence, a general measure of prediction accuracy. We assume only that the densities have a convex parametrizatio...
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Emergent $\mathrm{SU}(4)$ Symmetry in $α$-ZrCl$_3$ and Crystalline Spin-Orbital Liquids
While the enhancement of the spin-space symmetry from the usual $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ to $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ is promising for finding nontrivial quantum spin liquids, its realization in magnetic materials remains challenging. Here we propose a new mechanism by which the $\mathrm{SU}(4)$ symmetry emerges in the strong spin-or...
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Central elements of the Jennings basis and certain Morita invariants
From Morita theoretic viewpoint, computing Morita invariants is important. We prove that the intersection of the center and the $n$th (right) socle $ZS^n(A) := Z(A) \cap \operatorname{Soc}^n(A)$ of a finite-dimensional algebra $A$ is a Morita invariant; This is a generalization of important Morita invariants --- the ...
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Linear Disentangled Representation Learning for Facial Actions
Limited annotated data available for the recognition of facial expression and action units embarrasses the training of deep networks, which can learn disentangled invariant features. However, a linear model with just several parameters normally is not demanding in terms of training data. In this paper, we propose an ...
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ChemGAN challenge for drug discovery: can AI reproduce natural chemical diversity?
Generating molecules with desired chemical properties is important for drug discovery. The use of generative neural networks is promising for this task. However, from visual inspection, it often appears that generated samples lack diversity. In this paper, we quantify this internal chemical diversity, and we raise th...
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Nodal domains, spectral minimal partitions, and their relation to Aharonov-Bohm operators
This survey is a short version of a chapter written by the first two authors in the book [A. Henrot, editor. Shape optimization and spectral theory. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2017] (where more details and references are given) but we have decided here to put more emphasis on the role of the Aharonov-Bohm operators which ap...
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Optimal control of two qubits via a single cavity drive in circuit quantum electrodynamics
Optimization of the fidelity of control operations is of critical importance in the pursuit of fault-tolerant quantum computation. We apply optimal control techniques to demonstrate that a single drive via the cavity in circuit quantum electrodynamics can implement a high-fidelity two-qubit all-microwave gate that di...
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Modular Representation of Layered Neural Networks
Layered neural networks have greatly improved the performance of various applications including image processing, speech recognition, natural language processing, and bioinformatics. However, it is still difficult to discover or interpret knowledge from the inference provided by a layered neural network, since its in...
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A Guide to General-Purpose Approximate Bayesian Computation Software
This Chapter, "A Guide to General-Purpose ABC Software", is to appear in the forthcoming Handbook of Approximate Bayesian Computation (2018). We present general-purpose software to perform Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) as implemented in the R-packages abc and EasyABC and the c++ program ABCtoolbox. With simp...
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Feature Selection Facilitates Learning Mixtures of Discrete Product Distributions
Feature selection can facilitate the learning of mixtures of discrete random variables as they arise, e.g. in crowdsourcing tasks. Intuitively, not all workers are equally reliable but, if the less reliable ones could be eliminated, then learning should be more robust. By analogy with Gaussian mixture models, we seek...
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3D Human Pose Estimation on a Configurable Bed from a Pressure Image
Robots have the potential to assist people in bed, such as in healthcare settings, yet bedding materials like sheets and blankets can make observation of the human body difficult for robots. A pressure-sensing mat on a bed can provide pressure images that are relatively insensitive to bedding materials. However, prio...
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Multilingual Hierarchical Attention Networks for Document Classification
Hierarchical attention networks have recently achieved remarkable performance for document classification in a given language. However, when multilingual document collections are considered, training such models separately for each language entails linear parameter growth and lack of cross-language transfer. Learning...
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The complexity of recognizing minimally tough graphs
Let $t$ be a positive real number. A graph is called $t$-tough, if the removal of any cutset $S$ leaves at most $|S|/t$ components. The toughness of a graph is the largest $t$ for which the graph is $t$-tough. A graph is minimally $t$-tough, if the toughness of the graph is $t$ and the deletion of any edge from the g...
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Homeostatic plasticity and external input shape neural network dynamics
In vitro and in vivo spiking activity clearly differ. Whereas networks in vitro develop strong bursts separated by periods of very little spiking activity, in vivo cortical networks show continuous activity. This is puzzling considering that both networks presumably share similar single-neuron dynamics and plasticity...
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How Sensitive are Sensitivity-Based Explanations?
We propose a simple objective evaluation measure for explanations of a complex black-box machine learning model. While most such model explanations have largely been evaluated via qualitative measures, such as how humans might qualitatively perceive the explanations, it is vital to also consider objective measures su...
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Synchronization Strings: Channel Simulations and Interactive Coding for Insertions and Deletions
We present many new results related to reliable (interactive) communication over insertion-deletion channels. Synchronization errors, such as insertions and deletions, strictly generalize the usual symbol corruption errors and are much harder to protect against. We show how to hide the complications of synchronizatio...
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Learning to Generate Samples from Noise through Infusion Training
In this work, we investigate a novel training procedure to learn a generative model as the transition operator of a Markov chain, such that, when applied repeatedly on an unstructured random noise sample, it will denoise it into a sample that matches the target distribution from the training set. The novel training p...
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Worst-case vs Average-case Design for Estimation from Fixed Pairwise Comparisons
Pairwise comparison data arises in many domains, including tournament rankings, web search, and preference elicitation. Given noisy comparisons of a fixed subset of pairs of items, we study the problem of estimating the underlying comparison probabilities under the assumption of strong stochastic transitivity (SST). ...
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Decoupling multivariate polynomials: interconnections between tensorizations
Decoupling multivariate polynomials is useful for obtaining an insight into the workings of a nonlinear mapping, performing parameter reduction, or approximating nonlinear functions. Several different tensor-based approaches have been proposed independently for this task, involving different tensor representations of...
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Arcades: A deep model for adaptive decision making in voice controlled smart-home
In a voice-controlled smart-home, a controller must respond not only to user's requests but also according to the interaction context. This paper describes Arcades, a system which uses deep reinforcement learning to extract context from a graphical representation of home automation system and to update continuously i...
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Evolutionary Centrality and Maximal Cliques in Mobile Social Networks
This paper introduces an evolutionary approach to enhance the process of finding central nodes in mobile networks. This can provide essential information and important applications in mobile and social networks. This evolutionary approach considers the dynamics of the network and takes into consideration the central ...
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Band structure engineered layered metals for low-loss plasmonics
Plasmonics currently faces the problem of seemingly inevitable optical losses occurring in the metallic components that challenges the implementation of essentially any application. In this work we show that Ohmic losses are reduced in certain layered metals, such as the transition metal dichalcogenide TaS$_2$, due t...
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Acceleration through Optimistic No-Regret Dynamics
We consider the problem of minimizing a smooth convex function by reducing the optimization to computing the Nash equilibrium of a particular zero-sum convex-concave game. Zero-sum games can be solved using online learning dynamics, where a classical technique involves simulating two no-regret algorithms that play ag...
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A Full Bayesian Model to Handle Structural Ones and Missingness in Economic Evaluations from Individual-Level Data
Economic evaluations from individual-level data are an important component of the process of technology appraisal, with a view to informing resource allocation decisions. A critical problem in these analyses is that both effectiveness and cost data typically present some complexity (e.g. non normality, spikes and mis...
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Misconceptions about Calorimetry
In the past 50 years, calorimeters have become the most important detectors in many particle physics experiments, especially experiments in colliding-beam accelerators at the energy frontier. In this paper, we describe and discuss a number of common misconceptions about these detectors, as well as the consequences of...
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Exothermicity is not a necessary condition for enhanced diffusion of enzymes
Recent experiments have revealed that the diffusivity of exothermic and fast enzymes is enhanced when they are catalytically active, and different physical mechanisms have been explored and quantified to account for this observation. We perform measurements on the endothermic and relatively slow enzyme aldolase, whic...
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Automatic Detection of Knee Joints and Quantification of Knee Osteoarthritis Severity using Convolutional Neural Networks
This paper introduces a new approach to automatically quantify the severity of knee OA using X-ray images. Automatically quantifying knee OA severity involves two steps: first, automatically localizing the knee joints; next, classifying the localized knee joint images. We introduce a new approach to automatically det...
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Data-Driven Filtered Reduced Order Modeling Of Fluid Flows
We propose a data-driven filtered reduced order model (DDF-ROM) framework for the numerical simulation of fluid flows. The novel DDF-ROM framework consists of two steps: (i) In the first step, we use explicit ROM spatial filtering of the nonlinear PDE to construct a filtered ROM. This filtered ROM is low-dimensional,...
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FEAST Eigensolver for Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problems
The linear FEAST algorithm is a method for solving linear eigenvalue problems. It uses complex contour integration to calculate the eigenvectors whose eigenvalues that are located inside some user-defined region in the complex plane. This makes it possible to parallelize the process of solving eigenvalue problems by ...
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Twin Primes In Quadratic Arithmetic Progressions
A recent heuristic argument based on basic concepts in spectral analysis showed that the twin prime conjecture and a few other related primes counting problems are valid. A rigorous version of the spectral method, and a proof for the existence of infinitely many quadratic twin primes $n^{2}+1$ and $n^{2}+3$, $n \geq ...
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Bit Complexity of Computing Solutions for Symmetric Hyperbolic Systems of PDEs with Guaranteed Precision
We establish upper bounds of bit complexity of computing solution operators for symmetric hyperbolic systems of PDEs. Here we continue the research started in in our revious publications where computability, in the rigorous sense of computable analysis, has been established for solution operators of Cauchy and dissip...
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Relativistic corrections for the ground electronic state of molecular hydrogen
We recalculate the leading relativistic corrections for the ground electronic state of the hydrogen molecule using variational method with explicitly correlated functions which satisfy the interelectronic cusp condition. The new computational approach allowed for the control of the numerical precision which reached a...
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Homogenization in Perforated Domains and Interior Lipschitz Estimates
We establish interior Lipschitz estimates at the macroscopic scale for solutions to systems of linear elasticity with rapidly oscillating periodic coefficients and mixed boundary conditions in domains periodically perforated at a microscopic scale $\varepsilon$ by establishing $H^1$-convergence rates for such solutio...
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Opinion-Based Centrality in Multiplex Networks: A Convex Optimization Approach
Most people simultaneously belong to several distinct social networks, in which their relations can be different. They have opinions about certain topics, which they share and spread on these networks, and are influenced by the opinions of other persons. In this paper, we build upon this observation to propose a new ...
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FDTD: solving 1+1D delay PDE in parallel
We present a proof of concept for solving a 1+1D complex-valued, delay partial differential equation (PDE) that emerges in the study of waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) by adapting the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The delay term is spatially non-local, rendering conventional approaches such as ...
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Optimal Installation for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Lanes
Range anxiety, the persistent worry about not having enough battery power to complete a trip, remains one of the major obstacles to widespread electric-vehicle adoption. As cities look to attract more users to adopt electric vehicles, the emergence of wireless in-motion car charging technology presents itself as a so...
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Improved Fixed-Rank Nyström Approximation via QR Decomposition: Practical and Theoretical Aspects
The Nyström method is a popular technique for computing fixed-rank approximations of large kernel matrices using a small number of landmark points. In practice, to ensure high quality approximations, the number of landmark points is chosen to be greater than the target rank. However, the standard Nyström method uses ...
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Population splitting of rodlike swimmers in Couette flow
We present a quantitative analysis on the response of a dilute active suspension of self-propelled rods (swimmers) in a planar channel subjected to an imposed shear flow. To best capture the salient features of shear-induced effects, we consider the case of an imposed Couette flow, providing a constant shear rate acr...
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MultiAmdahl: Optimal Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous Architectures
Future multiprocessor chips will integrate many different units, each tailored to a specific computation. When designing such a system, the chip architect must decide how to distribute limited system resources such as area, power, and energy among the computational units. We extend MultiAmdahl, an analytical optimiza...
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Coset Vertex Operator Algebras and $\W$-Algebras
We give an explicit description for the weight three generator of the coset vertex operator algebra $C_{L_{\widehat{\sl_{n}}}(l,0)\otimes L_{\widehat{\sl_{n}}}(1,0)}(L_{\widehat{\sl_{n}}}(l+1,0))$, for $n\geq 2, l\geq 1$. Furthermore, we prove that the commutant $C_{L_{\widehat{\sl_{3}}}(l,0)\otimes L_{\widehat{\sl_{...
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The Moore and the Myhill Property For Strongly Irreducible Subshifts Of Finite Type Over Group Sets
We prove the Moore and the Myhill property for strongly irreducible subshifts over right amenable and finitely right generated left homogeneous spaces with finite stabilisers. Both properties together mean that the global transition function of each big-cellular automaton with finite set of states and finite neighbou...
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eSource for clinical trials: Implementation and evaluation of a standards-based approach in a real world trial
Objective: The Learning Health System (LHS) requires integration of research into routine practice. eSource or embedding clinical trial functionalities into routine electronic health record (EHR) systems has long been put forward as a solution to the rising costs of research. We aimed to create and validate an eSourc...
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SMILES Enumeration as Data Augmentation for Neural Network Modeling of Molecules
Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) is a single line text representation of a unique molecule. One molecule can however have multiple SMILES strings, which is a reason that canonical SMILES have been defined, which ensures a one to one correspondence between SMILES string and molecule. Here the fact...
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Binary Tomography Reconstructions With Few Projections
We approach the tomographic problem in terms of linear system of equations $A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{p}$ in an $(M\times N)$-sized lattice grid $\mathcal{A}$. Using a finite number of directions always yields the presence of ghosts, so preventing uniqueness. Ghosts can be managed by increasing the number of directions, wh...
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On finite determinacy of complete intersection singularities
We give an elementary combinatorial proof of the following fact: Every real or complex analytic complete intersection germ X is equisingular -- in the sense of the Hilbert-Samuel function -- with a germ of an algebraic set defined by sufficiently long truncations of the defining equations of X.
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Topological phase transformations and intrinsic size effects in ferroelectric nanoparticles
Composite materials comprised of ferroelectric nanoparticles in a dielectric matrix are being actively investigated for a variety of functional properties attractive for a wide range of novel electronic and energy harvesting devices. However, the dependence of these functionalities on shapes, sizes, orientation and m...
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Honors Thesis: On the faithfulness of the Burau representation at roots of unity
We study the kernel of the evaluated Burau representation through the braid element $\sigma_i \sigma_{i+1} \sigma_i$. The element is significant as a part of the standard braid relation. We establish the form of this element's image raised to the $n^{th}$ power. Interestingly, the cyclotomic polynomials arise and can...
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On Interpolation and Symbol Elimination in Theory Extensions
In this paper we study possibilities of interpolation and symbol elimination in extensions of a theory $\mathcal{T}_0$ with additional function symbols whose properties are axiomatised using a set of clauses. We analyze situations in which we can perform such tasks in a hierarchical way, relying on existing mechanism...
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Stellar Abundances for Galactic Archaeology Database IV - Compilation of Stars in Dwarf Galaxies
We have constructed the database of stars in the local group using the extended version of the SAGA (Stellar Abundances for Galactic Archaeology) database that contains stars in 24 dwarf spheroidal galaxies and ultra faint dwarfs. The new version of the database includes more than 4500 stars in the Milky Way, by remo...
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Relativistic distortions in the large-scale clustering of SDSS-III BOSS CMASS galaxies
General relativistic effects have long been predicted to subtly influence the observed large-scale structure of the universe. The current generation of galaxy redshift surveys have reached a size where detection of such effects is becoming feasible. In this paper, we report the first detection of the redshift asymmet...
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Superconductivity at the vacancy disorder boundary in K$_x$Fe$_{2-y}$Se$_2$
The role of phase separation in the emergence of superconductivity in alkali metal doped iron selenides A$_{x}$Fe$_{2-y}$Se$_{2}$ (A = K, Rb, Cs) is revisited. High energy X-ray diffraction and Monte Carlo simulation were used to investigate the crystal structure of quenched superconducting (SC) and as-grown non-supe...
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Probing Primordial-Black-Hole Dark Matter with Gravitational Waves
Primordial black holes (PBHs) have long been suggested as a candidate for making up some or all of the dark matter in the Universe. Most of the theoretically possible mass range for PBH dark matter has been ruled out with various null observations of expected signatures of their interaction with standard astrophysica...
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Fundamental limits of low-rank matrix estimation: the non-symmetric case
We consider the high-dimensional inference problem where the signal is a low-rank matrix which is corrupted by an additive Gaussian noise. Given a probabilistic model for the low-rank matrix, we compute the limit in the large dimension setting for the mutual information between the signal and the observations, as wel...
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Scalable Gaussian Process Inference with Finite-data Mean and Variance Guarantees
Gaussian processes (GPs) offer a flexible class of priors for nonparametric Bayesian regression, but popular GP posterior inference methods are typically prohibitively slow or lack desirable finite-data guarantees on quality. We develop an approach to scalable approximate GP regression with finite-data guarantees on ...
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Integral representations and asymptotic behaviours of Mittag-Leffler type functions of two variables
The paper explores various special functions which generalize the two-parametric Mittag-Leffler type function of two variables. Integral representations for these functions in different domains of variation of arguments for certain values of the parameters are obtained. The asymptotic expansions formulas and asymptot...
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Efficient Mendler-Style Lambda-Encodings in Cedille
It is common to model inductive datatypes as least fixed points of functors. We show that within the Cedille type theory we can relax functoriality constraints and generically derive an induction principle for Mendler-style lambda-encoded inductive datatypes, which arise as least fixed points of covariant schemes whe...
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Super Jack-Laurent Polynomials
Let $\mathcal{D}_{n,m}$ be the algebra of the quantum integrals of the deformed Calogero-Moser-Sutherland problem corresponding to the root system of the Lie superalgebra $\frak{gl}(n,m)$. The algebra $\mathcal{D}_{n,m}$ acts naturally on the quasi-invariant Laurent polynomials and we investigate the corresponding sp...
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A New Classification of Technologies
This study here suggests a classification of technologies based on taxonomic characteristics of interaction between technologies in complex systems that is not a studied research field in economics of technical change. The proposed taxonomy here categorizes technologies in four typologies, in a broad analogy with the...
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Potential functions on Grassmannians of planes and cluster transformations
With a triangulation of a planar polygon with $n$ sides, one can associate an integrable system on the Grassmannian of 2-planes in an $n$-space. In this paper, we show that the potential functions of Lagrangian torus fibers of the integrable systems associated with different triangulations glue together by cluster tr...
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Physical properties of the first spectroscopically confirmed red supergiant stars in the Sculptor Group galaxy NGC 55
We present K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (KMOS) observations of 18 Red Supergiant (RSG) stars in the Sculptor Group galaxy NGC 55. Radial velocities are calculated and are shown to be in good agreement with previous estimates, confirming the supergiant nature of the targets and providing the first spectroscopicall...
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Gas near a wall: a shortened mean free path, reduced viscosity, and the manifestation of a turbulent Knudsen layer in the Navier-Stokes solution of a shear flow
For the gas near a solid planar wall, we propose a scaling formula for the mean free path of a molecule as a function of the distance from the wall, under the assumption of a uniform distribution of the incident directions of the molecular free flight. We subsequently impose the same scaling onto the viscosity of the...
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Greater data science at baccalaureate institutions
Donoho's JCGS (in press) paper is a spirited call to action for statisticians, who he points out are losing ground in the field of data science by refusing to accept that data science is its own domain. (Or, at least, a domain that is becoming distinctly defined.) He calls on writings by John Tukey, Bill Cleveland, a...
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Direct evidence of hierarchical assembly at low masses from isolated dwarf galaxy groups
The demographics of dwarf galaxy populations have long been in tension with predictions from the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) paradigm. If primordial density fluctuations were scale-free as predicted, dwarf galaxies should themselves host dark matter subhaloes, the most massive of which may have undergone star formation re...
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Short-term Mortality Prediction for Elderly Patients Using Medicare Claims Data
Risk prediction is central to both clinical medicine and public health. While many machine learning models have been developed to predict mortality, they are rarely applied in the clinical literature, where classification tasks typically rely on logistic regression. One reason for this is that existing machine learni...
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R-C3D: Region Convolutional 3D Network for Temporal Activity Detection
We address the problem of activity detection in continuous, untrimmed video streams. This is a difficult task that requires extracting meaningful spatio-temporal features to capture activities, accurately localizing the start and end times of each activity. We introduce a new model, Region Convolutional 3D Network (R...
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Regularization for Deep Learning: A Taxonomy
Regularization is one of the crucial ingredients of deep learning, yet the term regularization has various definitions, and regularization methods are often studied separately from each other. In our work we present a systematic, unifying taxonomy to categorize existing methods. We distinguish methods that affect dat...
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Re-Evaluating the Netflix Prize - Human Uncertainty and its Impact on Reliability
In this paper, we examine the statistical soundness of comparative assessments within the field of recommender systems in terms of reliability and human uncertainty. From a controlled experiment, we get the insight that users provide different ratings on same items when repeatedly asked. This volatility of user ratin...
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Infinite monochromatic sumsets for colourings of the reals
N. Hindman, I. Leader and D. Strauss proved that it is consistent that there is a finite colouring of $\mathbb R$ so that no infinite sumset $X+X=\{x+y:x,y\in X\}$ is monochromatic. Our aim in this paper is to prove a consistency result in the opposite direction: we show that, under certain set-theoretic assumptions,...
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Mean-Field Games with Differing Beliefs for Algorithmic Trading
Even when confronted with the same data, agents often disagree on a model of the real-world. Here, we address the question of how interacting heterogenous agents, who disagree on what model the real-world follows, optimize their trading actions. The market has latent factors that drive prices, and agents account for ...
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Energy efficiency of finite difference algorithms on multicore CPUs, GPUs, and Intel Xeon Phi processors
In addition to hardware wall-time restrictions commonly seen in high-performance computing systems, it is likely that future systems will also be constrained by energy budgets. In the present work, finite difference algorithms of varying computational and memory intensity are evaluated with respect to both energy eff...
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A Plane of High Velocity Galaxies Across the Local Group
We recently showed that several Local Group (LG) galaxies have much higher radial velocities (RVs) than predicted by a 3D dynamical model of the standard cosmological paradigm. Here, we show that 6 of these 7 galaxies define a thin plane with root mean square thickness of only 101 kpc despite a widest extent of nearl...
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Scalable Magnetic Field SLAM in 3D Using Gaussian Process Maps
We present a method for scalable and fully 3D magnetic field simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) using local anomalies in the magnetic field as a source of position information. These anomalies are due to the presence of ferromagnetic material in the structure of buildings and in objects such as furniture. W...
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K-means Algorithm over Compressed Binary Data
We consider a network of binary-valued sensors with a fusion center. The fusion center has to perform K-means clustering on the binary data transmitted by the sensors. In order to reduce the amount of data transmitted within the network, the sensors compress their data with a source coding scheme based on binary spar...
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Variational Inference for Gaussian Process Models with Linear Complexity
Large-scale Gaussian process inference has long faced practical challenges due to time and space complexity that is superlinear in dataset size. While sparse variational Gaussian process models are capable of learning from large-scale data, standard strategies for sparsifying the model can prevent the approximation o...
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