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Introduction {#sec1}
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After endorsement by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010, over 145 countries implemented the Xpert MTB/RIF assay by 2016 \[[@cit0001]\]. With such an increased capacity many countries are shifting from a smear microscopy (smear)-to an Xpert MTB/RIF -based tuberculosis (TB) dia... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
At a glance commentaryScientific background on the subjectLittle is known regarding how leptin and adiponectin respond to infectious agents. With sub-Saharan Africa shouldering over 80% of global malaria burden and predicted to accommodate the highest burden of T2DM by 2030, investigating the response of these adipocyt... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Our current understanding of many sensory modalities is based on knowledge of the underlying sensory spaces. For example, visual stimuli are well described by their position and the spectral content of the light emitted/scattered by them. The somatosensory system represents positions of stimu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common upper gastrointestinal disorder in the US and is estimated to affect 18.6 million people.[@b1-ceg-9-163] The prevalence of GERD in the Western world is 10%--20%, with 20% of the US adult population experiencing symptoms weekly and 7% d... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Correction {#Sec1}
==========
Following publication of the original article \[[@CR1]\], the authors were alerted by a colleague of a column duplication in Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}. Since the summary row was correct, though, the interpretation and the conclusion of the article were not affectedTable 1:Number ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Related literature {#sec1}
==================
For the synthesis of the title compound, see: Arumugam *et al.* (2010[@bb1]); Kappe (2004[@bb5]). For general background and therapeutic properties of benzimidazole derivatives, see: Rao *et al.* (2002[@bb7]); Khalafi-Nezhad *et al.* (2005[@bb6]); Tonelli *et al.* (2010[@b... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#s1}
==========
Mammalian NF-κB functions as a dimer composed of five potential Rel/NF-κB family subunits that can be divided into two classes. Rel A (p65), c-Rel, and Rel B are synthesized as mature proteins which contain transcription transactivation domains (TADs). The remaining subunits, p50 and p52, a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Developments in molecular biology and statistical methodologies have made it possible for the dissection of genetic variation and the localization of economically important quantitative trait loci (QTL) in farm animals \[[@CR1]\]. Many QTL associated with economically important traits in ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S0001}
============
Several studies have evaluated the role of diet as a potential risk factor for gallstone formation, including energy intake, cholesterol, fatty acids, fiber, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and alcohol \[[@CIT0001]\]. The resultant side effects and complications of heavy or excess... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity is at the core of the neural mechanisms underlying learning (Elgersma and Silva, [@B23]; Abbott and Regehr, [@B1]) i.e., several forms of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) are reported to mediate long-lasting modifications of synapse efficac... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Suicide, a devastating event, is one of the leading cause of maternal deaths during pregnancy and the peripartum period \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Early detection of pregnant women with nonfatal suicidal thoughts and behavior (hereafter referred to as suicidal behavior) presents an important opp... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Cancer is caused by aberrant gene regulation, including inactivation of negative regulators of cell proliferation (including tumor suppressor genes; TSG) and activation of positive regulators (such as oncogenes). In addition to genetic alterations involving mutations of oncogenes and TS... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#onco12072-fig-0001}
{#onco12072-fig-0002}
2016 was a remarkable year, a year of significant advances in cancer biology and treatment, a year of social and political transition, and a year of sadness for ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Citation {#SECID0EXDAC}
========
Vitale S, Aiello D, Guarnaccia V, Luongo L, Galli M, Crous PW, Polizzi G, Belisario A, Voglmayr H (2018) *Liberomyces pistaciae* sp. nov., the causal agent of pistachio cankers and decline in Italy. MycoKeys 40: 29--51. [https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.40.28636](10.3897/mycokeys.40.28... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Congenital scoliosis (CS) is an early-onset spinal deformity caused by vertebral abnormalities, which are classified on the basis of failures of formation, segmentation, or both \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\].The prevalence of CS is approximately 0.5 to 1 in every 1000 live births \[[@CR3], [@CR4]\].... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} | |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Major concerns {#Sec2}
--------------
On the one side, this paper concerns with expressing uncertainty. A general expression of uncertainty can be used in any scientific field, but especially for the one concerned here (geodesy and navigation) inasmuch as the standard uncertainty by mean... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
(To access the full article, please see PDF)
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Data cannot be shared publicly because of presence of identifiable personal information (date and time of services and tests). Data are available from the University of Florida Institutional Data Access / Ethics Committee (contact via Gigi Lipori <pflugg@shands.ufl.edu> for researchers who meet the criteria for access ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 decapeptide (henceforth referred to as GnRH) is the final common signalling molecule in the brain that regulates reproductive function in all vertebrates [@pone.0005322-Ebling1]. The GnRH secretory system appears to have an extraordinarily large array of... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction
================
The major task of a stereo vision system is to reconstruct the 3D representation of the scene from the 2D images captured by those cameras which are fixed with their optical axes parallel and separated by a certain distance. The 3D information can be applied to complex tasks such as r... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide \[[@R1]\]. *KRAS* oncogene, mutated in approximately 30%--50% of CRC patients \[[@R2]\], presents both as a prognostic and predictive marker for targeted therapy of CRC \[[@R3], [@R4]\], and mutations in *KRAS* results in... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Data cannot be shared publicly because of the provisions of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Korean legal restrictions prohibit authors from making the data publicly available, and the authority implemented the restrictions is NHIS (National Health Insurance Service), one of the government agency of Republ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The title of this article -- open genetic code -- refers to the introduction of open source in the life sciences. The analogy is straightforward: open source is about the free availability of information, which includes information on genes, proteins, cells and so forth. What such a d... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Mitigation of global pollution level relies on the development of clean and sustainable energy sources. To meet the growing energy demands by new applications in modern society, high-efficiency energy-conversion technologies are urgent issues to be developed. With the considerat... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
In an attempt to prevent or reverse type 1 diabetes, basic and clinical research has focused intensely on immunotherapies, beta cell replacement and preservation of beta cell function and mass \[[@CR1]\]. The complexity of type 1 diabetes pathogenesis \[[@CR2]\] and the human beta cel... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Session:** 44. HIV Complications: Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Other Complications
*Thursday, October 3, 2019: 12:15 PM*
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .520}
{#sp2 .521}
{#sp3 .522}
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s0001}
============
Lipotoxicity is a characteristic feature of metabolic syndrome that results from the overaccumulation of SFAs and their toxic metabolites in nonadipose tissues such as liver, kidneys, pancreas, heart and skeletal muscle. This overaccumulation leads to metabolic changes and tissue dam... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Postpolypectomy colonoscopic surveillance is the standard of care following the removal of colorectal neoplasms to detect a new or missed lesion and prevent colorectal cancer.[@b1-gnl-09-741]--[@b5-gnl-09-741] Due to the increased use of screening colonoscopy, increasing numbers of adenomas a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Bennett KM, Storrar N, Johnson P, Fernandes PM. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Clin Case Rep. 2020;8:938--943. 10.1002/ccr3.2612
1. INTRODUCTION {#ccr32612-sec-0001}
===============
A 67‐year‐old man presented with... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} | |
The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Video panoramic image stitching is based on the similarity of overlapping regions between adjacent images. State-of-the-art image registration (a.k.a. image alignment) algorithms can be classified into three different categories: intensity-based (for example, [@pone.0081182-Hartley1], [... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Mast cells reside in virtually all organs, among which they are distributed in a great number particularly in tissues at the interface between inside and outside environments, such as the skin and mucosal membrane of the airway and intestine, where they are in close contact with the outside e... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#S7}
============
Evidence of health disparities following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) supports the importance of contextual factors---framed by the International Classification of Disability and Functioning (ICF) model as personal characteristics and environmental conditions\[[@R1]\]---to the exp... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Codes are available at <http://github.com/florentmeyniel/MinimalTransitionProbsModel>
Introduction {#sec001}
============
From bird song to music, sea waves, or traffic lights, many processes in real life unfold across time and generate time series of events. Sequences of observations are therefore often underpinned ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
We read with interest the study by Andrews et al. \[[@CR1]\] and the related correspondence from Shrestha et al. \[[@CR2]\]. We share the concern that clinical examination (and observations) appear(s) to be perceived as relatively unimportant in both the detection of the unwell patient and in the titration of intervent... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-viruses-10-00265}
===============
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the major cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It has infected more than 36 million people worldwide by the end of 2015, according to the United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) reports. S... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences belonging to the pandemic group M are classified into nine subtypes (A--D, F--H, J, and K), six sub-subtypes (A1--A4, and F1--F2), and a variety of inter-subtype recombinant forms (Los Alamos HIV sequence database: <http://hiv-web.la... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
For more than one hundred years processed cheese has been a well-known food item produced in the processes of pasteurisation or sterilisation. The stability of the sensory quality and physicochemical characteristics of a product depends on various factors, such as the state and type o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among adolescent and young adult (AYA) women 15 to 39 years of age \[[@B1]\]. Currently, AYA breast cancer accounts for approximately 14% of all AYA cancer diagnoses and 7% of all breast cancer diagnoses \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. Evidence suggests ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Surgery is the main treatment strategy for gastric cancer; only R0 resection anticipates a potential cure. The prognosis of initially unresectable gastric cancer is poor; approximately 50% of patients have recurrent disease after a curative resection. This suggests that micrometastases are al... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The methylation of cytosines in a CpG context is a common modification in mammalian genomes, and is generally associated with gene repression *in vivo* and *in vitro* ^[@bib1]^. Alteration of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) patterns during development contributes to the regulation of gene expression ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Papillomaviruses are circular double-stranded DNA viruses approximately 8 kb in length that are present in humans and many animal species [@bib1], [@bib2]. These viruses are host and site specific [@bib1], [@bib2]. They infect keratinocytes at either mucosal or cutaneous sites ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
COVID-19 is one of the most serious pandemics of the past 100 years, with its rapid global spread overwhelming hospitals and local communities across the world. As of early May 2020, almost 300,000 deaths and over 4 million confirmed cases were registered across 187 countries or regions \... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Strengths and limitations of this study
- The pilot study will test the use of administrative data in two ways:
- The use of health register data as a sampling frame.
- Linkage of the survey to a range of administrative datasets.
```{=html}
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```
- The use of health register data as a ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
The results of mass spectrometric and pyrolytic studies on the trimer of dimethylphosphinoborine have previously been reported.[1](#fn2-jresv63an1p63_a1b){ref-type="fn"} In this present article results on two related compounds[2](#fn3-jresv63an1p63_a1b){ref-type="fn"} are presented. The... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Obesity, a pandemic, is closely associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis, the leading cause of mortality in the United States [@bib1], [@bib2]. In fact, along with age, increased body weight is a leading risk factor for atherosclerosis onset [@bib3]. At... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is classified as a γ-herpes virus \[[@R1]\] and contains a linear DNA molecule about 172 kilo bases in length. It affects more than 90% of adult population worldwide \[[@R2]\]. First exposure to the virus, before or after adolescence, occurs via exchange of saliva or ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-diagnostics-10-00539}
===============
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak \[[@B1-diagnostics-10-00539],[@B2-diagnostics-10-00539]\]. SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in December 2019 in the C... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
As stated in our IRB protocol, we are not able to publicly release individual-level data collected from our subjects due to privacy concerns. Data are available on request from Jenna Hua (<jenna_hua@berkeley.edu>).
Introduction {#sec005}
============
Smartphone applications (apps) have made it possible to measure mul... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Contact lenses provide several benefits over spectacles, but their wear has remained as a risk factor for the development of various adverse events, such as microbial keratitis (MK) \[[@B1-biology-02-01268]\], contact lens related acute red eye (CLARE) \[[@B2-biology-02-01268]\], contac... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Spontaneous extrapleural hematoma (EPH) is a rare disorder. We present a case of a chronic hemodialysis patient with spontaneous EPH. Surgical intervention was performed but was unsucessful, and the patient eventually died. In this report, we review the literature on spontaneous EPH as we... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a number of disorders that are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The three specific forms of the disease known as Crohn disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), or the less well-characterized indeterminate colitis (IC),... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-sensors-19-03108}
===============
In recent years, people like to use a wearable device to monitor their bodies' condition during exercise. The wearable devices include an exercise watch, or a band to measure heart rate and the number of steps they take \[[@B1-sensors-19-03108],[@B2-sensors-19-0... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Advances in combination antiretroviral therapy prolong survival rates such that 70% of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will be over the age of 50 by the year 2020.[@b1-ppa-9-217] Despite these advances, older people living with HIV face challenges in health literacy that... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease characterized by high serum glucose concentration and insulin resistance in target tissues and/or defects in insulin secretion \[[@CR1]\]. It may lead to chronic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy \[[@CR2]\]. Duri... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is over expressed in the majority of NSCLC and genetic alterations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR are associated with the sensitivity to treatment with molecular targeted agents \[[@R1]\]. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) showed enc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background & Summary
====================
In the last decade, the advent and continued development of genotyping and next-generation sequencing technologies has enabled researchers to generate a vast amount of molecular data. The current and ever-growing availability of public 'omics' databases, including Gene Express... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Ischemic heart disease is one of the main culprits of illness and death \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. The main outcome of a transient cardiac ischemia is the progressive decline of the left ventricle contractile function, frequently paralleled by impairment of the mitochondrial energy metab... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumour of the liver, causing more than 800,000 deaths every year \[[@ref1]\]. In the past, HCC was known to be a fatal disease with a poor prognosis because it was mostly detected in advanced stages. However, this situa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death and plays a critical role in both tissue homeostasis and immune response. Dysregulation of pyroptosis promoted by microbial infection and danger signals is often associated with immune dysregulation and excessive inflammation response can result i... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
During the last few decades, a better understanding of how wildlife--livestock interactions potentially contribute to infectious disease emergence has led to an increase of interest on this topic ([@B1]). The opportunities for such interactions to occur have escalated due to the expansi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Systemic therapy improves disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer, but does not cure patients with advanced or metastatic disease, and fails to benefit the majority of patients with localized breast cancer. Intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy is emerging as a significant cause of tr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
With the prospect of more than half the African population living in urban areas by the year 2030, it is anticipated that the challenge and opportunity for tackling malaria burden in urban areas will also grow \[[@B1]-[@B3]\]. Compared to rural settings, malaria in urban Africa is generally chara... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
===============
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer morality in the world. Predicting survival in patients with CRC is essential to determine their eligibility to participate in clinical trials, development of treatment planning and f... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) is an indolent microbial infection of the endocardium with the potential for systemic dissemination by way of septic emboli. We report the case of a 67-year-old male who presented with a cecocentral scotoma caused by an infectious embolus from SBE.
Case ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
Tumors, especially cancerous tumors, are one of the major health concerns worldwide. According to the 2013 Globocan report, the incidence and prevalence of cancers worldwide were 14.1 million and 32.6 million, respectively; almost half are prevalent in less developed regions.\[[@ref... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#section1-0963689717725078}
============
The human placenta is a discoid-shaped organ made up of both fetal and maternal components. The fetal components include the placental disc, the amniotic and chorionic membranes (often referred to as the fetal membranes), the chorionic villi, and the umbilical cor... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Earlier diagnosis and longer treatment durations contribute to rising expenditure on medicine for cancer care. Access to cancer treatment can be a challenge, since it is significantly affected by cost, particularly in low and middle-income countries. According to the Global Oncology Trend... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Onchocerciasis is a tropical disease caused by the parasite *Onchocerca volvulus*, which is transmitted by the black fly. The *Simulium*flies that transmit onchocerciasis breed in fast-flowing rivers, giving rise to the common name \"river blindness\" for the disease. Once transmitted to a hu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide epidemic, particularly in developed and developing countries \[[@b1-medscimonit-20-2074]\]. Peripheral neuropathy, which unfavorably influences patient quality of life quite, is an early and common complication of T2DM. Although reported prevalence r... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{.86}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Hyperglycemia not only defines diabetes but it is also the cause of its most characteristic symptoms and long-term complications. Non-enzymatic glycation changes the structure and function of many soluble and insoluble proteins and it is probably the most important pathogenic mechanism am... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Background {#sec1-insects-10-00323}
=============
*Agrilus planipennis* Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (EAB) is an invasive species originally from Asia that was first detected in North America in 2002 \[[@B1-insects-10-00323]\]. Though not a major pest in its native range of China, Japan and the Russian Far E... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#SEC1}
============
Transfer RNAs (tRNA), the adaptor molecules that translate the codons in mRNA to amino acids in proteins, are a fundamental component of the translation machinery and is typically referred to as abundant 'house-keeping' RNA. Accordingly, our knowledge about the regulation of tRNA tran... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
PEOPLE who are self-isolating are increasingly relying on grocery deliveries. This raises a new worry: whether delivered goods carry the new coronavirus. Research suggests it can spread via particles in the air, but also via surfaces. How long can it survive and how can we protect ourselves?
Covid-19 is a respiratory ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Obesity, a major risk factor for serious diet-related chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is commonly stated as critically important compositions of the metabolic syndrome [@pone.0019423-Potenza1], [@pone.0019423-Freedman1]. In recent decades, obesity has reach... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Two new species of Penicillata from Table Mountain National Park (near Cape Town), South Africa, belonging to two different families, were collected in the same biotope: leaf litter of felled pine and fynbos.
The first species, represented by five specimens, belongs to the family Polyxenidae... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
A previous history of tuberculosis (TB) treatment has been identified in a number of epidemiologic studies as a risk factor for drug-resistant tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) ([@b3]; [@b5]). The need for 're-treatment' may reflect undiagnosed primary drug-resistant TB, poor a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is the most common diagnosis in children with functional abdominal pain disorders, has become an important issue worldwide.[@b1-jnm-25-241] Childhood IBS may cause deterioration of children's quality of life, increase in medical costs, lower social and sc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Emotion is an integral aspect of human experience, exerting a powerful influence over perception ([@ref4]; [@ref69]), cognition ([@ref28]; [@ref37]) and behavior ([@ref52]); [@ref6]). Affect is typically characterized by arousal, or the intensity of the experience, and valence, or how... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Wuerthner VP, Jaeger J, Garramone PS, et al. Inducible pesticide tolerance in *Daphnia pulex* influenced by resource availability. Ecol Evol. 2019;9:1182--1190. 10.1002/ece3.4807
1. INTRODUCTION {#ece34807-sec-0001}
===============
As human populations continue to expand, natural communities face selective pressures ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Disease proportions attributable to various causal agents are figures popular with scientists, decision makers, and lay people. They are taken, often simplistically, as neat yardsticks to gauge the relative importance of agents on which to direct research or public health efforts. Among Richa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Patients who present with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) with metastatic disease present a difficult clinical challenge. These patients are usually symptomatic from their primary tumour, although co-existing distant disease will progress requiring systemic therapy. Owing to these competing elements, a common dil... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-15-02683}
===============
Airborne particulate matter (PM) has become a major public health concern in China after three decades of rapid economic growth that heavily relies on fossil fuel consumption \[[@B1-ijerph-15-02683],[@B2-ijerph-15-02683]\]. Epidemiological evidence consistently s... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
In 1950, Cassebaum *et al.* stated that participants did not experience pain one year after a distal radius fracture (DRF) and that five years later, they would also not have any serious functional complaints \[[@r1]\]. Whereas, Cooney *et al.* stated that participants with distal radius frac... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) has been developed into a standard technique for minimally invasive spine surgery.
The pioneers of endoscopic spine surgery, such as Hijikata et al. \[[@b1-ns-2040128-064]\] and Kambin and Gellman \[[@b2-ns-2040128-064]\], began with percuta... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Functionalized anilines have attracted considerable attention as a result of their widely applications in the pharmaceutical industry and medicinal chemistry.[@cit1] For example, popular marketed medicines aripiprazole (antipsychotics),[@cit1b] repaglinide (anti-type II diabetes),[@cit1c] linezolid (antibacterial),[@ci... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Type I interferons (IFN-I) are members from a large family of signaling proteins known for their potent antiviral activity. IFN-I were discovered in 1957 by Lindenmann and Isaacs and received their names based on the ability to interfere with influenza virus replication in chick... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Worldwide, major depressive disorder (MDD) carries the largest burden of disease among psychiatric, neurological, and substance-use disorders, according to the World Health Organization \[[@CR1]\]. Adding to this burden is bipolar disorder (BP), in which patients spend most of their sympt... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .222}
{#sp2 .223}
{#sp3 .224}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. INTRODUCTION
================
Radiotherapy, an essential part of the management of cancer patients, is used in both the curative and the palliative setting[@b1-co16-3-40],[@b2-co16-3-40]. Significant advances have been made in technology since radiation was first used to treat cancers more than a century ago[@b3-c... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Health-care human resources (HHR) planning has been identified as the most critical constraint in achieving the well-being targets set forth in the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals \[[@CR1]\]. Moreover, the effective use and deployment of personnel is paramount to ensure a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-materials-12-01974}
===============
Nerve agents are amongst the most toxic chemical compounds known to mankind as a consequence of their easy penetration through human mucosa and ulterior damage of the central nervous system by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) \[[@B1-materials-12-0... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec0005}
===============
Homelessness is a societal and global concern affecting the countries throughout the world and more of a bigger problem in people with mental illness.
A home is a place that includes elements of stability, privacy, safety, security and the ability to control living space. Ho... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Lung cancer is one of the malignancies that has a high incidence and mortality rate. Approximately 75--85% of all lung cancers are Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (NSCLC), including squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma[@b1]. Currently, surgical resection is the primary option for NSCLC in the early t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Cells must be able to sense and integrate countless extracellular and intracellular signals and adapt their cellular functions. Second messengers serve as initiating components of intracellular signal transduction cascades that transmit signals by cellular messengers that depend on extr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Significance Statement
Efficient goal-directed behavior requires dynamical control allocation and an estimation of how much control is invested in a particular situation. The neurobiological mechanisms that are associated with this dynamical adjustment are widely elusive. To the best of our knowledge, this stud... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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