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Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Infliximab (IFX), a chimeric anti-TNFα antibody, is effective in inducing and maintaining remission in a considerable proportion of IBD patients refractory to any other treatments \[[@ref1],[@ref2]\]. However, 8-12% of adult and/or pediatric patients fail to respond to the induction... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still a major global health problem, with an estimated 257 million people worldwide that are chronically infected with HBV ([@B1]). HBV, together with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and several other related animal viruses, belongs to the *Hepadnaviridae* famil... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Koolstra K, Beenakker J‐WM, Koken P, Webb A, Börnert P. Cartesian MR fingerprinting in the eye at 7T using compressed sensing and matrix completion‐based reconstructions. Magn Reson Med. 2019;81:2551--2565. 10.1002/mrm.27594 30421448
**Funding information**
This project was partially funded by the European Research C... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Historical conceptualizations of depression
===========================================
There is a long tradition in phenomenologlcal psychopathology that stresses basic bodily alterations as core features of depressive states. Thus, Wernicke used the term "vital feelings" to describe certain somatic symptoms occurrin... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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{#sp2 .467}
{#sp3 .468}
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Irinotecan (CPT-11, Campto®) -- a semisynthetic, water-soluble derivative of the plant alkaloid camptothecin -- is the standard of care in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer when 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapy has failed ([Cunningham *et al*, 2001](#bib5){ref-type="other"}). Phase II trials have demonstra... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a relatively uncommon medical emergency with a high mortality after symptom onset. The mortality of acute type A aortic dissection increases by 1--2% per hour during the first 48 h if no treatment is received \[[@cit0001]\]. Meanwhile, other common cau... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Polysaccharide-rich fungi and plants have been employed for centuries by cultures around the world for their dietary and medicinal benefits \[[@B1]-[@B5]\]. Often thought to merely support normal bowel function and blood glucose and lipid levels \[[@B6]-[@B8]\], certain polysaccharides have attra... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Phytogenic feed additives (PFA) have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. When used in diets, these substances exhibit antioxidative properties and antimicrobial activity, improve nutrient absorption, and could ultimately improve animal performance ([@bib26]; [@bib30]; [@bib37]). PFA... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Updated to correct an editorial error in the element named in the deck.
The largest industrial application of olefin metathesis today is the synthesis of propylene from ethylene and butenes^[@ref1]^ employing WO~3~ on SiO~2~, a relatively long-lived and regenerable catalyst that operates at 350--400 °C. It is widely p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec0005}
===============
Cytokines are a broad and loose group of small cell-signaling proteins that play important roles in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, immunity and inflammatory response. They include interferons (IFN), interleukins (IL), chemokines, lymphok... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Evidence-based veterinary medicine (EVM) can be defined as 'the use of current best evidence in making clinical decisions' ([@R4]). Additionally, when making evidence-based decisions, the circumstances of the patient alongside the circumstances and values of the owner must also be taken... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Zhang X, Bao S, Lai D, Rapkins RW, Gillies MC. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide inhibits breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier through differential regulation of VEGF-A and its receptors in early diabetic rat retinas. Diabetes 2008;57:1026--1033**
In the print version of the article listed above, the second aff... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Interactions of integral membrane proteins with their surrounding lipid environment play a key role in stabilising their structure and influencing their activity. To obtain insight into the nature and type of interactions occurring between lipids and integral membrane proteins ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
(J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e007026 DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007026.)29042422
Clinical PerspectiveWhat Is New?In this nonrandomized, retrospective, observational study of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with quadripolar (QUAD) and non‐QUAD left ventricular leads, programmed to biventricular, sin... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Diamond holds a variety of extraordinary physical and chemical properties, facilitating its possible applications in novel functional devices \[[@B1]-[@B7]\]. As a semiconductor with a wide bandgap of 5.47 eV, it is a promising candidate for short-wavelength optoelectronic devices such as ultravi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR, or MRS) has enormous potential for the study of biochemical and physiological changes in cancer tissues, due to its noninvasive nature and the large quantity of specific molecular information it can generate. Despite the sensitivity ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Diet is believed to be the single most important contributor to colonic carcinogenesis ([Tomatis *et al*, 1990](#bib25){ref-type="other"}). Experimental data have shown that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have tumour-enhancing properties in the colon ([Reddy and Maeura, 1984](#... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Stroke is the second most common cause of death in developed countries and thus is a major health problem \[[@B1]\]. According to the 2009 Annual Public Health Report by the Korean National Statistical Office, cerebrovascular disease, or stroke, was the second-leading cause of d... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are a diverse family of proteins that share a conserved ≈ 90-residue α-crystallin domain (ACD) that is flanked by variable N- and C-terminal regions (Basha et al. [@CR3]; Hilton et al. [@CR17]; McHaourab et al. [@CR28]). Although sHSPs are relatively ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\], but are substantially undertreated. In 2013, 16.6 million U.S. adults met diagnostic criteria for an AUD, but research suggests only 7.8% received any formal treatment \[... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and ranks the third highest cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide \[[@R1], [@R2]\]. The resection rate of HCC has increased over decades due to the improvements in early diagnostic methods and surgical techniqu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Better adjuvant therapy, improved metal implants, and innovative surgical techniques have led surgeons to consider limb salvage surgery as an alternative treatment for malignant bone tumour other than amputation. Orthopaedic oncology patients have a chance for an active, disease-free life aft... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Building upon the pioneering work of Vicsek *et al.*[@b1], physicists, mathematicians and biologists have contemplated the self-organization of living-organism groups into flocks as an emergent process stemming from simple interaction rules at the individual level[@b2][@b3][@b4]. This idea has been supported by quantit... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .253}
{#sp2 .254}
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Health care is changing dynamically in the 2010s. The economic recession and problems with recruiting professionals \[[@B1], [@B2]\], staff retention \[[@B3]\], creating healthy work environments \[[@B4], [@B5]\], and a growing demand for customer orientation \[[@B6]\] pose chal... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN) are very important C and N pools in the terrestrial ecosystems \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. As the components of labile C and N pools in soils, dissolved organic C (DOC) and N (DON) and soil ammonium and nitrate N (NH~4~ ^+^-N and NO~3~ ^−^-N) play cru... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper.
Introduction {#s1}
============
Mechanical ventilation (MV) has been used in critical care patients for decades. In spite of its life-saving potential, it has several shortcomings... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hearing loss (HL), retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and vestibular dysfunction. Three clinical subtypes can be distinguished. USH type 1 (USH1) is the most severe among them because of profound HL, absent vestibular respo... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-polymers-08-00159}
===============
Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) is a high-performance resin that is synthesized by the copolymerization of phenol with formaldehyde. It is widely applied for industrial uses, including adhesives, impregnating resins, and plastics. The excellent properties of PF resin ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Headache is the commonest neurological disorder in the community with variable intensity, ranging from a trivial nuisance to a severe, disabling, acute or chronic disorder, and may impose a substantial burden on sufferers and on society \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. It is one of the commonest r... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Silicon (Si), in the form of dissolved silicic acid---often referred to as silicate and hereafter abbreviated as DSi---is an inorganic nutrient instrumental to ocean functioning. Its availability modulates processes as relevant as ocean primary productivity ([@R1]) and the exchange of CO~2~ w... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
When Landauer argued in 1961 that any physical realisation of erasure of information has a fundamental thermodynamic work cost he irrevocably linked thermodynamics and information theory[@b1][@b2][@b3][@b4][@b5][@b6][@b7][@b8][@b9]. A practical consequence of this insight is that all computers must dissipate a minimal ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Congenital cataracts are diagnosed within the first year of life. These cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness in children and are estimated to occur with a prevalence of 3--6 per 10,000 live births \[[@CR1]\]. Congenital cataracts may appear either in isolation or in associ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Diabetic cardiomyopathy contributes to increased cardiovascular mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and is characterized by a progressive alteration of left ventricular (LV) function. At a preclinical stage, a decrease in systolic myocardial strain has been suggested in echocardiogra... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Hemangioblastomas (HB) are highly vascular tumors, which account for approximately 3 % of all tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) \[[@CR1]\]. It occurs in a subset of CNS locations, including the cerebellum (37 %), brainstem (10 %), and spinal cord (50 %) \[[@CR1]\]. They are class... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a median survival of 12 months. Conventional therapeutic strategies of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are inadequate to eradicate GBMs because of the diffuse nature of GBM, acquired or innate resistance to therapy and the presence o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-04838}
===============
Recent studies show a rise in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents to 18% worldwide in 2016 \[[@B1-ijerph-17-04838]\], with one in five school-aged children in Europe being overweight or obese \[[@B2-ijerph-17-04838],[@B3-ijerph-17-04838]\]. Also... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Ecosystem services are defined as the benefits that nature provides to society \[[@pone.0235320.ref001]\]. Ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, croplands, coastal zones, and urban areas offer different ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disorder that is currently incurable. Consequently, the majority of people with psoriasis require long-term treatment to maintain disease control. Traditional immunosuppressive systemic treatments, such as acitretin, methotrex... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Hypoxia is common after stroke, and associated with poor outcomes. In this article, we have reviewed the physiology of oxygen transport, the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia and pathophysiology, incidence and aetiology behind hypoxia in stroke and its subsequent clinical consequences. ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Raw deep sequencing cannot be provided because these data are derived from patient samples. Because of the Minimum Necessary Requirement of the HIPAA Privacy Rule these data may not be deposited into a public repository. A Supporting Information File accompanying the submission contains the de-identified results and in... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
All organisms live in environments that vary through time and such environmental heterogeneity can impose highly variable selection pressures on populations. In this situation, an allele may be beneficial during one environmental regime and subsequently deleterious during another. Such ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Strengths and limitations of this study
- The study data were obtained through a questionnaire carried out by face-to-face interviews. The youth were trained to obtain dietary diet from their parent and grandparent. They were accompanied by the research assistant during data collection.
- This study provid... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-00783}
===============
The decline in youth's healthy behaviors and related consequences \[[@B1-ijerph-17-00783]\] is of concern for public health in general and for national defense in particular, which requires a sufficient number of physically fit and mentally healthy military perso... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The prevalence of obesity in the general population has increased dramatically over the last 30 years and it seems likely that the environmental changes that have provoked these increases have also affected people with severe mental illness (SMI); in fact, the rates of overweight and obes... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Traditionally, ecological and eco-evolutionary epidemiological models describe the dynamics of infectious diseases by considering susceptible, infected and recovered hosts with host-to-host, or host-environment-host transmission [@pone.0071621-Kermack1]--[@pone.0071621-Hudson1]. A numbe... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All coordinates and structure factor files are available from the PDB database (accession numbers: 6KR2 and 6KR3).
Introduction {#sec001}
============
The flaviviruses are a large group of positive-strand RNA viruses, including dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Zika virus ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
The synthesis of metal sulfide nanocrystals has attracted much interest for both fundamental research and technological applications in the past decades \[[@B1-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B2-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B3-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B4-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B5-nanomateria... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), first reported in 1987 in the USA, is a global infectious disease that has resulted in widespread economic loss in the swine industry. PRRS is characterized by reproductive failure in pregnant sows (*e.g.* abortions and stillbirths), respi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity. Molecular epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that globally, the most prevalent forms of HIV-1 are subtypes (clades) C, B and A \[[@B1]-[@B3]\]. Subtype C, which accounts for almost 50% of all HIV... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Myopia is the main cause of preventive blindness worldwide, especially in adolescents ([@B1], [@B2]). Thus, it is one of the main priorities among the five projects under the 'Vision 2020 Action' launched by WHO ([@B3]). In recent years, the incidence of myopia has increased rapidly worldwide... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Resistin is a cysteine-rich protein, which is mainly secreted from monocytes and macrophages in humans ([@b1-or-40-06-3392]--[@b3-or-40-06-3392]). It is associated with inflammation and malignant neoplasms ([@b4-or-40-06-3392]--[@b5-or-40-06-3392]). Blood resistin levels are demonstrated to b... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
The main goal of periodontal treatment is to control the inflammation in periodontal tissues and to regenerate the lost tissues predictably. To meet this goal it is critical to guide the tissues capable of regeneration.\[[@ref1][@ref2][@ref3]\] Guided tissue regeneration is an accep... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a relatively infrequent but potentially fatal complication of pulmonary resection. BPF can be divided into peripheral or central, based on the location of the leakage, and BPF occurs in about 1.5 to 28 % of pneumonectomy cases, and is associated with high d... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the the paper and its Supporting Information file.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
There is strong evidence that insufficient physical activity (PA) is associated with increased risk of developing lifestyle-related diseases and premature death \[[@pone.0175190.ref001]\]. Metabolic syn... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Human saliva is the complex fluid secreted by major and minor salivary glands. Saliva secretion is under the control of the autonomic nervous system. The three major salivary glands are parotid, sublingual and submandibular. Human saliva consists of water, glycoproteins, enzyme... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. INTRODUCTION
================
The pattern of stresses transferred to the bone have great influence on the success or failure of an orthopedic implant. The evaluation of bone stresses is so complex that it cannot be accomplished analytically, necessitating the application of FEA (Finite Element Analysis) techniques... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Iron (Fe) deficiency is among the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies in humans. Since plants constitute the primary source of nutrients for a large part of the world's population, the improvement of plants in terms of nutrient bioavailability is considered a priority [@pone.00992... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly efficient gene-silencing mechanism in which a small interfering RNA (siRNA) binds a target mRNA, guiding mRNA cleavage via an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).^[@bib1],[@bib2]^ This biological phenomenon is widely used as a genetic tool in biomedical re... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Immunity is essential for survival, yet energetically expensive and potentially self-damaging. The immune system needs to be tightly regulated and highly responsive to changes in external and internal environments, adapting to developmental stage [@ppat.1003720-Kollmann1], nutritional s... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the pathogenic species, *Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)*; together with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) infection, TB is among the most prevalent and severe of the infectious diseases worldwide. In 2019, an estimated 10 million people developed a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
There are errors in the Funding section. The correct funding information is as follows: This study was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award number K08CA155035 and the Melanoma Research Alliance. The authors are also grateful to Timothy Dattels for his generous supp... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine metabolic disease estimated to affect 629 million individuals in 2045 according to the International Diabetes Federation. T2DM is the extremely prevalent form of diabetes that accounts for 90% of diagnosed cases and is associated with insulin resistance... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
In contrast to bulk silver, nanometric silver materials exhibit many extraordinary properties such as a high surface-to-volume ratio,^[@ref1],[@ref2]^ quantum tunneling effects,^[@ref3],[@ref4]^ an abundance of free electrons,^[@ref5]^ surface plasmon resonance,^[@ref2],[@ref6]−[@ref8... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Whilst oncogenesis is driven by a multitude of complex, non-programmed molecular events, there are a number of key features of this process, not least of which is the aberrant activation of genes that would normally be silenced in a given tissue context \[[@R1]\]. The so called cancer/t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Gingival reactive lesions like pyogenic granuloma have frequent occurrence around natural dentition, however, their association with dental implants is not common. The causes of pyogenic granuloma (PG) in relation to dental implants are not clear mainly due to few published cases ([@B1]-[@B8]... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
In total hip arthroplasty (THA), optimum component position is critical for long-term success of the operation by decreasing rates of wear, aseptic loosening, and dislocation \[[@bib1], [@bib2], [@bib3], [@bib4]\]. Recognizing the importance of acetabular component position, Lewinnek ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Historical Origins {#sec1-viruses-12-00132}
=====================
At a meeting of the Fellows of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany in Cambridge, UK, on 14 November 1924, Dr. Redcliffe Salaman gave a lecture entitled "Degeneration of the Potato---An Urgent Problem" \[[@B1-viruses-12-00132]\]. He reported... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec005}
============
Globally, an estimated 225 million women have unmet need for family planning \[[@pone.0153907.ref001]\]. Increasing acceptance and use of family planning requires more than increasing access to health serv... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes rapidly rose over the past three decades. However its burden is not homogeneously distributed: racial and ethnic minorities usually experience higher prevalence than their non-minority counterparts \[[@B1]\] and are at higher risk of developing diabetes-related c... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction
================
Heart rate has been an important factor in indicating patients' health for quite a long time. As people are paying more and more attention on their health, long-term heart rate monitoring is of more importance to everyone as it's a valuable indicator for early diagnosis of dozens of d... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The intestinal mucosa is a critical effector site for elimination of enteric pathogens. *Toxoplasma gondii*, a ubiquitous protozoan parasite, is a prime example of such a pathogen. Mammals are infected with *T. gondii* primarily by the ingestion of tissue cysts from undercooked meat or ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Our individual data points can not be publicly deposited as supporting information due to ethical restrictions imposed by Nagoya University International Bioethics Committee, since the data contains the sensitive personal information. Information regarding our data can be requested at the following e-mail address: Kazu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .67}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Some of the most diverse and bizarre organelle genomes of all eukaryotes come from the Volvocales, which is a large order of predominantly freshwater green algae, belonging to chlorophycean class of the Chlorophyta. Volvocalean mitochondrial and plastid DNAs (mtDNAs and ptDNAs) show an ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Mitochondria perform a dual role in the life and death of the cardiomyocyte. When functioning normally they generate the energy required for normal cellular processes and survival. However, in situations of cellular stress such as during acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#tca13044-sec-0001}
============
Nivolumab, a PD‐1 antibody, is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) that has been proven to be active in patients with several different tumor types. Nivolumab has been shown to have an overall response rate (ORR) of approximately 20% in patients with previously treated n... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Cedell[@bib1] described talus fracture in 4 young active sportsmen in 1974. These injuries are rare, and from then until now, only a few cases have been reported. The patient may arrive in the emergency department with pain and tenderness in the posteromedial region of the talus. However, most of the time, the injury\'... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are being widely applied in displays for mobiles and televisions owing to their self-emitting characteristics, excellent colour gamut, high-speed operation, and applicability in flexible or stretchable devices^[@CR1]^. Practical OLEDs function bas... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#ss1}
============
Throughout Europe birth-rates have declined over the last decades, and in most countries they are well below the replacement level ([@CIT0001]). In Sweden, the number of children being born per woman has fluctuated greatly since the mid-1970s but has now been predicted to stabilize at ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Pre-diabetes (pre-DM), typically defined as blood glucose levels above normal but below diabetes thresholds, has been increasing globally and has a high chance of developing diabetes mellitus (DM)^[@CR1]^. It is estimated that there were 318 million adults suffering from impaired gluc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-pharmaceutics-10-00021}
===============
The discovery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) \[[@B1-pharmaceutics-10-00021],[@B2-pharmaceutics-10-00021]\] and the subsequent recognition of its critical role in the pathogenesis of several chorioretinal vascular conditions constitute the mos... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-materials-13-03111}
===============
The efficiency, stability, and lifetime of any device is strongly dependent on the stability of compounds and alloys that a given device is made of. The attempts to understand the particular state of matter are crucial points of understanding its implications ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a condition that arises from inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses resulting in two or more symptoms including nasal blockage, obstruction, congestion, and nasal discharge \[[@CR1]••, [@CR2]••\]. Additional symptoms may include facial pain and press... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The emergence of stem cells as a therapeutic for many diseases, disorders and injuries has brought excitement among scientists, clinicians and patients alike regarding the potential treatment of previously untreatable conditions. However, the implementation of many stem cell therapies in pati... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
Hospital staffs are the most important group of health care providers. As a result of their continuous hard work, they are frequently faced with physical and psychological health problems. If these problems linger on, disappointment and boredom will settle, which in turn will lower ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Patient expect for improved esthetics has driven the advancement of ceramic for use with fixed partial prostheses.[@B1] Many clinical studies demonstrate excellent long-term success of ceramic restorations. In recent year, strong ceramic cores unioning esthetic veneering porcelains have becom... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
For decades, high ligation and saphenous vein stripping with phlebectomy of varices were the gold standard procedures in the treatment of the incompetence of the great saphenous vein (GSV) \[[@b1-vsi-30-102],[@b2-vsi-30-102]\]. An alternative method was cryostripping which is less invasive th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Porcine circovirus has long harmed the sound development of pig husbandry, and especially the PCV3 that has appeared in recent years has caused tremendous economic losses for pig husbandry ([@B17]; [@B21]). Current research indicates that PCV is mainly divided into three genotypes ([@B8... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The development of resistance to cytotoxic agents represents a major concern in cancer chemotherapy. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is associated with over-expression of transmembrane glycoprotein (P-gp) which functions as a drug efflux pump, reducing the intracellular levels of cytotoxic dr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#section1-2050313X19827737}
============
Congenital diaphragmatic eventration is an abnormal diaphragmatic elevation caused by insufficient or absent muscularization of the pleuroperitoneal membrane.^[@bibr1-2050313X19827737]^ It is difficult to assess the exact incidence of this abnormality because it i... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (c) and normal low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLc) but preponderance of small-dense, highly atherogenic particles. The increase in free fatty acids (FFAs) as degradati... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Diatoms are important primary producers in the ocean \[[@B1]\], contributing approximately 40% to global marine productivity. Although diatoms often dominate phytoplankton communities in nutrient-rich ecosystems, members of this diverse group are also adapted to survive and persist in nutrient-li... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Handled by Yu Xue
Introduction {#s0005}
============
Cancer somatic mutations and viral oncogenes can generate tumor-specific protein sequences that are entirely absent from normal human cells. These novel proteins may result in the formation of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) [@b0005]. As an important type of TSAs, n... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) is a relatively rare primary brain tumor in children \[[@R1]\]. Maximum surgical resection is considered the key and prognosis-determining factor in the treatment, followed by radiotherapy \[[@R1], [@R2]\]. Unfortunately, pediatric GBM is poorly studied at t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. This disease entity was recognized in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymp... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
*Mycobacterium tuberculosis* is counted with justification among the most dangerous and successful microorganisms in today's world, especially in developing countries which have become the reservoir of resistant strains (the most burdened countries are in South Africa and East Asia) \[[... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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