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Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Infliximab (IFX), a chimeric anti-TNFα antibody, is effective in inducing and maintaining remission in a considerable proportion of IBD patients refractory to any other treatments \[[@ref1],[@ref2]\]. However, 8-12% of adult and/or pediatric patients fail to respond to the induction... | introduction { # sec1 - 1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = infliximab ( ifx ), a chimeric anti - tnfα antibody, is effective in inducing and maintaining remission when causing considerable proportion of ibd patients refractory to any other treatments \ [ [ @ ref1 ], [ @ ref2 ] \ ]. however, 8 - 12 % of adult and / or pediatri... | Introduction {# sec1 - 1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Infliximab (IFX ), a chimeric anti - TNFα antibody, is effective in inducing and maintaining remission in a considerable proportion of IBD patients refractory to any other treatments \ [[ @ ref1 ], [@ ref2] \ ]. However, 8 - 12% of adult and / or pediatric patients fail... | Introduction {#sec1-1} ============ Infliximab (IFX), a chimeric anti-TNFα antibody, is effective in inducing maintaining remission in a proportion of patients refractory to any other However, 8-12% of adult and/or pediatric patients fail to to the regimen (known as primary non responders) and approximately 40% of pati... | iNtroDucTIoN {#SEC1-1}
============
infLixIMAb (iFX), A cHiMeric anTI-tNFα antiboDY, Is EFFEctiVe In InduCiNg And mAINTaInInG reMiSsioN in a coNsiDERABle propoRTioN Of IbD patIEnts ReFRAcTOry To aNy OTHER TReaTMENTS \[[@reF1],[@REf2]\]. hoWEVeR, 8-12% Of AduLT and/OR peDIaTrIc patienTs Fail tO reSPOnD tO tHE iNDuctION... | Introduction {#sec1-1}============ Infliximab (IFX), a chimeric anti-TNFα antibody, is effective in inducing and maintaining remission in a considerable proportion of IBD patients refractory to any other treatments \[[@ref1],[@ref2]\]. However, 8-12% of adult and/or pediatric patients failto respond to the ... | _Introduction_ {#sec1-1} ============ _Infliximab_ _(IFX),_ _a_ chimeric anti-TNFα antibody, is _effective_ in inducing and _maintaining_ remission _in_ _a_ considerable proportion of IBD _patients_ refractory to any other treatments \[[@ref1],[@ref2]\]. However, 8-12% of adult and/or pediatric patients fail _to_ respo... |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still a major global health problem, with an estimated 257 million people worldwide that are chronically infected with HBV ([@B1]). HBV, together with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and several other related animal viruses, belongs to the *Hepadnaviridae* famil... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) is still a major animal health problem, with an estimated 257 million people worldwide that are chronically infected with hbv ( [ @ b1 ] ). hbv, together like duck hepatitis b virus ( bc ) and several other related animal viruses, belongs to the * ... | INTRODUCTION {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still a major global health problem, with an estimated 257 million people worldwide that are chronically infected with HBV ([ @ B1] ). HBV, together with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and several other related animal viruses, belongs to the * Hepadn... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ B (HBV) is still a major global health problem, an estimated 257 million people worldwide that are chronically infected with HBV ([@B1]). HBV, together with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and several other animal viruses, belongs to the *Hepadnaviridae* ([@B2]). The HBV virion is comprise... | INtRodUCtION {#S1}
============
HEpAtiTIS b viRUS (HbV) IS sTiLl a mAJor gLoBaL hEALth PrOBlEM, WiTH AN esTImatEd 257 MilLion pEoplE WoRLDWiDe tHAT ARE chROniCALlY InfECtED wITH HbV ([@B1]). hbv, TogETHeR wiTh DUCK hEPatiTIS B VIRus (DhBv) and severAl oTHEr rElatEd aNiMaL viruSEs, belOnGs To The *HEPaDnaViRiDAe* FaMil... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ Hepatitis Bvirus (HBV) is still a major global health problem, with anestimated 257million people worldwide that are chronically infected with HBV ([@B1]). HBV, together with duckhepatitis B virus (DHBV) and several other related animal viruses, belongs to the*Hepadnaviridae*... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ _Hepatitis_ B virus (HBV) is _still_ _a_ major global health problem, with an _estimated_ 257 million people worldwide that are _chronically_ _infected_ with _HBV_ ([@B1]). HBV, together with duck hepatitis _B_ virus (DHBV) and _several_ _other_ related _animal_ viruses, belongs to the _... |
Koolstra K, Beenakker J‐WM, Koken P, Webb A, Börnert P. Cartesian MR fingerprinting in the eye at 7T using compressed sensing and matrix completion‐based reconstructions. Magn Reson Med. 2019;81:2551--2565. 10.1002/mrm.27594 30421448
**Funding information**
This project was partially funded by the European Research C... | koolstra k, beenakker j ‐ wm, koken p, webb a, bornert p. cartesian mr fingerprinting in the eye at 7t using compressed sensing and matrix 3d ‐ based reconstructions. magn reson med. 2019 ; 81 : 2551 - - 2565. 10. 1002 / mrm. 27594 30421448 * * funding information * * this project was partially funded by the european r... | Koolstra K, Beenakker J ‐ WM, Koken P, Webb A, Börnert P. Cartesian MR fingerprinting in the eye at 7T using compressed sensing and matrix completion ‐ based reconstructions. Magn Reson Med. 2019; 81: 2551 - - 2565. 10. 1002 / mrm. 27594 30421448 * * Funding information * * This project was partially funded by the Euro... | Koolstra K, Beenakker J‐WM, Koken P, Webb A, Börnert P. MR fingerprinting the eye at 7T using compressed sensing and matrix completion‐based reconstructions. Magn Reson Med. 2019;81:2551--2565. 10.1002/mrm.27594 30421448 **Funding information** This project was partially funded by the European Research Council Advanced... | koOLSTra k, BEeNAKKEr J‐wM, KoKEN P, webb a, börnERT P. carTesIAn mr fINgErpRInTiNG IN The eYE aT 7T UsinG comPReSSeD SEnsInG ANd MATriX coMpLEtIOn‐bASed RECONStrUcTIons. MaGn ResOn MEd. 2019;81:2551--2565. 10.1002/mRM.27594 30421448
**FUNDIng INFOrMaTIOn**
thIs PrOJECT WAs PArTIalLy FUnDeD bY The EuROPeaN REsearcH C... | Koolstra K, Beenakker J‐WM, Koken P, WebbA, Börnert P. CartesianMR fingerprintingin the eye at7T using compressed sensing and matrix completion‐basedreconstructions. Magn Reson Med. 2019;81:2551--2565. 10.1002/mrm.27594 30421448 **Funding information** Thisproject was partially funded by the EuropeanResearch ... | Koolstra _K,_ Beenakker _J‐WM,_ Koken P, Webb A, Börnert P. _Cartesian_ MR _fingerprinting_ in the eye _at_ _7T_ using compressed sensing and matrix completion‐based reconstructions. Magn _Reson_ _Med._ 2019;81:2551--2565. 10.1002/mrm.27594 30421448 _**Funding_ information** _This_ project was partially funded by the E... |
Historical conceptualizations of depression
===========================================
There is a long tradition in phenomenologlcal psychopathology that stresses basic bodily alterations as core features of depressive states. Thus, Wernicke used the term "vital feelings" to describe certain somatic symptoms occurrin... | historical conceptualizations of depression = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = there is a long tradition in phenomenologlcal psychopathology that stresses basic bodily alterations as core features of depressive states. first, wernicke used the term " vital feelings " t... | Historical conceptualizations of depression = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = There is a long tradition in phenomenologlcal psychopathology that stresses basic bodily alterations as core features of depressive states. Thus, Wernicke used the term " vital feelings " to... | conceptualizations of depression There is a long tradition in phenomenologlcal psychopathology that stresses basic bodily alterations core features of depressive Thus, Wernicke used term "vital to describe certain somatic symptoms occurring in affective psychoses.^[@ref1]^ Vital feelings refer to the close relationship... | hIstORicAL CONceptuaLizATIONS of dEpreSsIOn
===========================================
THere IS A LonG TrAdITion in PHenOMenoLOglCal psycHopATHologY THat stressES BAsic BOdiLY alteraTIOnS aS cOre FeaTurES OF DEpressiVe sTateS. Thus, WERniCKE USed THe TERM "vItAl feElINGs" TO dEscrIBe certAin sOmatIC SymPTOms occURriN... | Historical conceptualizations ofdepression ===========================================Thereis a long tradition in phenomenologlcal psychopathology that stresses basic bodilyalterations as core features of depressive states. Thus, Wernicke used the term "vital feelings" to describe certain somatic ... | Historical conceptualizations _of_ depression _===========================================_ _There_ is a long _tradition_ in _phenomenologlcal_ _psychopathology_ that _stresses_ basic _bodily_ alterations as core features of depressive states. Thus, Wernicke _used_ _the_ term "vital _feelings"_ _to_ describe certain _s... |
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Irinotecan (CPT-11, Campto®) -- a semisynthetic, water-soluble derivative of the plant alkaloid camptothecin -- is the standard of care in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer when 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapy has failed ([Cunningham *et al*, 2001](#bib5){ref-type="other"}). Phase II trials have demonstra... | irinotecan ( cpt - 11, campto® ) - - a semisynthetic, water - soluble derivative of the plant alkaloid camptothecin - - is the standard of use in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer when 5 - fluorouracil ( 5 - fu ) - based therapy has failed ( [ cunningham * et al *, 1992 ] ( # bib5 ) { ref - type = " other " }... | Irinotecan (CPT - 11, Campto ®) - - a semisynthetic, water - soluble derivative of the plant alkaloid camptothecin - - is the standard of care in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer when 5 - fluorouracil (5 - FU) - based therapy has failed ([ Cunningham * et al *, 2001] (# bib5) {ref - type = " other "} ). Phas... | Irinotecan (CPT-11, Campto®) -- a semisynthetic, water-soluble derivative of the plant alkaloid camptothecin -- is the standard of care in the treatment of advanced colorectal when (5-FU)-based therapy has failed ([Cunningham *et al*, 2001](#bib5){ref-type="other"}). Phase trials have demonstrated objective response ra... | iriNoTEcaN (cPt-11, camptO®) -- A SEMIsyNthetic, wateR-solUbLE dErivaTiVe oF thE pLAnt aLkaLoId CAmpTOthECiN -- IS THE STaNDaRD OF CARE IN tHE treatment of ADvANCED ColorECtal CanCeR When 5-FlUOrOUraciL (5-fu)-BaSED tHERAPy HAs FAIlEd ([cuNningHaM *et AL*, 2001](#biB5){REf-TYPe="oTHEr"}). Phase Ii TriALs hAVe dEmoNStRa... | Irinotecan(CPT-11, Campto®) --a semisynthetic, water-soluble derivativeofthe plant alkaloid camptothecin -- is the standard of care inthe treatment of advancedcolorectal cancerwhen 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapy has failed([Cunningham *et al*, 2001](#bib5){ref-type="other"}). Phase II trials havedemon... | Irinotecan (CPT-11, Campto®) -- a semisynthetic, water-soluble derivative of the plant alkaloid camptothecin -- is the _standard_ of care _in_ _the_ treatment of advanced _colorectal_ cancer when 5-fluorouracil _(5-FU)-based_ therapy has failed ([Cunningham *et al*, 2001](#bib5){ref-type="other"}). _Phase_ II trials ha... |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a relatively uncommon medical emergency with a high mortality after symptom onset. The mortality of acute type A aortic dissection increases by 1--2% per hour during the first 48 h if no treatment is received \[[@cit0001]\]. Meanwhile, other common cau... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = acute aortic dissection ( aad ) is a relatively uncommon medical emergency with a high mortality after symptom onset. the mortality of chronic type a aortic dissection increases by 1 - - 2 % per hour during the first 48 h if no treatment is completed \ [ [ @ cit0001 ] \ ]... | Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a relatively uncommon medical emergency with a high mortality after symptom onset. The mortality of acute type A aortic dissection inDreqses by 1 - - 2% per hour during the first 48 h if no treatment is received \ [[ @ cit0001] \ ]. Meanwhil... | Introduction {#sec1} ============ Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a uncommon medical emergency with high mortality after symptom onset. The mortality acute A aortic dissection by 1--2% per hour during first 48 h if no treatment is received \[[@cit0001]\]. Meanwhile, other common causes of acute chest pain, such acute ... | INtroDuCtIOn {#SEC1}
============
ACuTE AorTIC diSsectioN (aaD) Is A rElATIveLY uNCOmMON meDical EMErGencY wItH a HIgh MoRTaliTY AfTER SyMpTom OnseT. the MORtality oF AcuTE TYPe A aorTIC dIsseCTIon iNCrEasEs bY 1--2% PeR hoUR DuRINg tHE firST 48 H if No TReatMenT is rECeIvED \[[@Cit0001]\]. MEanwHILe, otheR cOmMon CAu... | Introduction{#sec1} ============ Acute aortic dissection(AAD) is a relatively uncommon medical emergency with a high mortality after symptom onset.The mortality ofacute type A aorticdissection increases by 1--2% per hour during the first 48 h if no treatment is received \[[@cit0001]\]. Meanwhile... | Introduction {#sec1} ============ Acute aortic _dissection_ (AAD) is a relatively _uncommon_ _medical_ emergency with _a_ high mortality after symptom onset. The _mortality_ of acute type A aortic dissection _increases_ by 1--2% _per_ hour during the first 48 h if no treatment is _received_ _\[[@cit0001]\]._ Meanwhile,... |
Background
==========
Polysaccharide-rich fungi and plants have been employed for centuries by cultures around the world for their dietary and medicinal benefits \[[@B1]-[@B5]\]. Often thought to merely support normal bowel function and blood glucose and lipid levels \[[@B6]-[@B8]\], certain polysaccharides have attra... | background = = = = = = = = = = polysaccharide - rich fungi and plants have been employed for centuries by cultures around the world for their dietary et medicinal benefits \ [ [ @ b1 ] - [ @ b5 ] \ ]. often thought to merely support specific bowel function and blood glucose and lipid levels \ [ [ @ b6 ] - [ @ b8 ] \ ],... | Background = = = = = = = = = = Polysaccharide - rich fungi and plants have been employed for centuries by cultures around the world for their dietary and medicinal benefits \ [[ @ B1] - [@ B5] \ ]. Often thought to merely support normal bowel function and blood glucose and lipid levels \ [[ @ B6] - [@ B8] \ ], certain ... | Background ========== Polysaccharide-rich fungi and plants have been for centuries by around world for their dietary and medicinal benefits \[[@B1]-[@B5]\]. Often thought to merely support normal bowel function and blood glucose and lipid levels certain polysaccharides have attracted scientific interest for their abili... | bAcKGrOUnD
==========
PolYsAccHaRIde-RIcH Fungi And plANTs hAVe BEEN EmPLoyEd FOr cEntUrIes bY cUltUrEs aRoUND the wOrLd fOR ThEir DIEtarY And medICINal BenefiTs \[[@B1]-[@b5]\]. oFteN tHOuGhT To MereLY sUppOrT normAl bOWeL Function AnD BLOoD gLUCOsE AND LiPid lEvELs \[[@b6]-[@b8]\], CeRTain POlYsaCcHaRIDes HaVE AttrA... | Background ========== Polysaccharide-richfungi and plants have beenemployed for centuriesby cultures around the world for their dietary and medicinal benefits \[[@B1]-[@B5]\]. Often thought to merely support normal bowel functionand bloodglucose and lipid levels\[[@B6]-[@B8]\], certain polysaccharides hav... | Background ========== Polysaccharide-rich fungi and _plants_ have been employed for centuries by cultures _around_ the world for their _dietary_ and medicinal benefits \[[@B1]-[@B5]\]. Often thought to merely support normal bowel _function_ and _blood_ glucose and lipid levels \[[@B6]-[@B8]\], certain polysaccharides h... |
Introduction
============
Phytogenic feed additives (PFA) have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. When used in diets, these substances exhibit antioxidative properties and antimicrobial activity, improve nutrient absorption, and could ultimately improve animal performance ([@bib26]; [@bib30]; [@bib37]). PFA... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = phytogenic feed additives ( pfa ) have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. when used in diets, these substances exhibit antioxidative properties and antimicrobial activity, improve nutrient absorption, and could ultimately improve animal performance ( [ @ bib26 ] ; [ @ bib... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Phytogenic feed additives (PFA) have Zttrqcted a lot of attention in recent years. When used in diets, these substances exhibit antioxidative properties and antimicrobial activity, improve nutrient absorption, and could ultimately improve animal performance ([ @ bib26 ]; [@ bib30 ];... | ============ Phytogenic feed additives (PFA) have attracted a lot of attention in years. When used in diets, these substances antioxidative properties and activity, improve nutrient absorption, and could ultimately improve animal performance ([@bib26]; [@bib37]). PFA are less toxic, have fewer side effects, and are res... | iNTROdUcTIOn
============
pHYtOGeniC FeEd aDdItIVes (PfA) haVE ATTrActeD A lOt oF AttenTIoN in rEceNt years. WHen USEd In DIetS, tHeSe SUBsTancES exhiBiT ANTIOxIdAtivE propERtIES AND anTimICrOBiaL AcTIvITY, iMpRove NuTRieNt aBsoRptioN, And coUlD UlTImATElY iMprOVe anIMAl PeRFORmaNCE ([@Bib26]; [@bIB30]; [@bIB37]). pFa... | Introduction ============ Phytogenic feed additives (PFA) have attracted a lot of attentioninrecent years. Whenused in diets, these substancesexhibit antioxidative properties and antimicrobial activity, improve nutrientabsorption, and could ultimately improve animal performance ([@bib26]; [@bib30]; [... | Introduction _============_ Phytogenic feed _additives_ _(PFA)_ have attracted _a_ lot of attention in recent years. When used in diets, these _substances_ _exhibit_ antioxidative properties and _antimicrobial_ activity, _improve_ nutrient absorption, and could ultimately improve _animal_ performance _([@bib26];_ [@bib... |
Updated to correct an editorial error in the element named in the deck.
The largest industrial application of olefin metathesis today is the synthesis of propylene from ethylene and butenes^[@ref1]^ employing WO~3~ on SiO~2~, a relatively long-lived and regenerable catalyst that operates at 350--400 °C. It is widely p... | updated to correct an editorial error in the element named in the deck. the largest industrial application of olefin metathesis today is the synthesis of propylene from ethylene × butenes ^ [ @ ref1 ] ^ employing wo ~ 3 ~ on sio ~ 2 ~, a relatively long - lived and regenerable catalyst that operates at 350 - - 400 °c. ... | Updated to correct an editorial error in the element named in the deck. The largest industrial application of olefin metathesis today is the synthesis of propylene from ethylene and butenes ^ [@ ref1] ^ employing WO ~ 3 ~ on SiO ~ 2 ~, a relatively long - l&veW and regenerable catalyst that operates at 350 - - 400 ° C.... | Updated to correct editorial error in the element named in the deck. The industrial application of olefin metathesis today is the synthesis of propylene from ethylene and butenes^[@ref1]^ employing WO~3~ on SiO~2~, a relatively long-lived catalyst that at 350--400 °C. It is widely proposed that high temperatures are re... | UpdatEd to CoRrECt aN eDiTORIAl ErroR IN ThE elEMENT naMED in tHE DEck.
ThE LArGEst IndUstRIAl appLicAtiOn OF OLEFIn METATHESis todAy iS the SyNTheSIs OF ProPYlEne From EThylene aND BUTenes^[@REF1]^ eMployinG Wo~3~ on sIO~2~, A rElAtiveLY LONG-liVED anD ReGeNErABlE caTALYsT tHAT oPEraTES AT 350--400 °c. iT IS widely P... | Updated to correctan editorial error in theelement named in the deck. Thelargest industrial application of olefin metathesis today isthe synthesis of propylene from ethylene and butenes^[@ref1]^ employing WO~3~on SiO~2~, a relatively long-lived and regenerable catalyst that operatesat 350--400 °C. I... | _Updated_ to correct an editorial error in the _element_ named in the deck. The largest _industrial_ application of olefin metathesis today is _the_ _synthesis_ of propylene from ethylene and butenes^[@ref1]^ employing WO~3~ _on_ SiO~2~, a relatively long-lived and _regenerable_ catalyst that operates _at_ 350--400 °C.... |
1. Introduction {#sec0005}
===============
Cytokines are a broad and loose group of small cell-signaling proteins that play important roles in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, immunity and inflammatory response. They include interferons (IFN), interleukins (IL), chemokines, lymphok... | 1. introduction { # sec0005 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = cytokines are a broad and loose group of small cell - signaling proteins that play important roles throughout cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, repair, angiogenesis, immunity and inflammatory response. they include interferons ( ifn ), interleukins ... | 1. Introduction {# sec0005} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Cytokines are a broad and loose group of small cell - signaling proteins that play important roles in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, immunity and inflammatory response. They include interferons (IFN ), interleukins (IL ), c... | 1. Introduction {#sec0005} =============== Cytokines a broad and loose group of small cell-signaling proteins that play important roles in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity and inflammatory response. They include interferons (IFN), interleukins (IL), chemokines, lymphokines, and tumor nec... | 1. INTRoDUctiON {#SEC0005}
===============
CytOKInES ARE a bRoad ANd lOoSe GROUP of smalL cell-sIgNaLIng pRotEins That plaY ImPOrTAnt rOLES IN CeLL grOWTH, PrOlIFerATion, DIfFeRenTIATIon, aPOPtOSiS, ANgioGEneSiS, immUnItY anD InFlAMMATory rESPOnSe. THEy inCLUDe InTeRFERONs (ifn), InTERLeukINS (IL), CHEMoKINes, lymPHOK... | 1. Introduction {#sec0005} =============== Cytokines are abroad and loose group of small cell-signaling proteins that play important roles incell growth,proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis, angiogenesis, immunityandinflammatory response. They include interferons (IFN), interleukins (IL), chemokines... | 1. Introduction {#sec0005} _===============_ Cytokines are a broad and loose group of small cell-signaling proteins _that_ play important roles in cell _growth,_ proliferation, _differentiation,_ apoptosis, angiogenesis, immunity _and_ _inflammatory_ response. They include interferons (IFN), interleukins (IL), chemokin... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Evidence-based veterinary medicine (EVM) can be defined as 'the use of current best evidence in making clinical decisions' ([@R4]). Additionally, when making evidence-based decisions, the circumstances of the patient alongside the circumstances and values of the owner must also be taken... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = evidence - based veterinary medicine ( evm ) can be defined as ' the use of current best evidence about making clinical decisions ' ( [ @ r4 ] ). additionally, when making evidence - based decisions, the circumstances of the patient alongside the circumstances and values of... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Evidence - based veterinary medicine (EVM) can be defined as ' the use of current best evidence in making clinical decisions ' ([ @ R4] ). Additionally, when making evidence - based decisions, the circumstances of the patient alongside the circumstances and values of the owne... | {#s1} ============ Evidence-based veterinary medicine can be defined as 'the use of current best evidence in making clinical decisions' ([@R4]). when making evidence-based decisions, the circumstances the patient alongside the circumstances and values of the owner must also be taken into consideration ([@R3]). Although... | INTroDUcTioN {#S1}
============
evIDENCE-BASeD VetERInaRY mEdicine (evm) Can Be defIned aS 'The use OF CUrreNT BesT EVIDenCe iN mAKING CLiNicaL decIsIOns' ([@r4]). additioNAllY, WHeN mAKiNG EviDeNCE-baSed DeciSioNs, thE cIRCUMSTANcES oF tHE pAtieNT aloNGSIDE ThE CiRCUMsTAnCEs anD vALuES OF tHE owNEr MusT Also Be TaKEN... | Introduction {#s1}============ Evidence-based veterinary medicine (EVM) can be defined as 'the use of current best evidence in making clinical decisions' ([@R4]). Additionally, whenmaking evidence-based decisions, the circumstances of thepatient alongside the circumstances andvalues of the own... | _Introduction_ _{#s1}_ ============ Evidence-based veterinary medicine (EVM) can be defined _as_ 'the use of _current_ best evidence in making clinical decisions' _([@R4])._ Additionally, when making _evidence-based_ _decisions,_ the circumstances of the patient alongside the circumstances and values of the owner must ... |
**Zhang X, Bao S, Lai D, Rapkins RW, Gillies MC. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide inhibits breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier through differential regulation of VEGF-A and its receptors in early diabetic rat retinas. Diabetes 2008;57:1026--1033**
In the print version of the article listed above, the second aff... | * * zhang x, zhu s, lai d, rapkins rw, gillies mc. intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide inhibits breakdown in the blood - retinal barrier permitting differential regulation of vegf - α and its receptors in early diabetic rat retinas. zhang 2008 ; 57 : 1026 - - 0 * * in the print version of the article listed above, the... | * * Zhang X, Bao S, Lai D, Rapkins RW, Gillies MC. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide inhibits brewkdowb of the blood - retinal barrier through differential reYula5ion of VEGF - A and its receptors in early diabetic rat retinas. DiQbeHes 2008; 57: 1026 - - 1033 * * In the print version of the srticlf listed above, th... | **Zhang X, Bao S, Lai D, Rapkins RW, Gillies MC. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide inhibits breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier through differential regulation of VEGF-A and its receptors in early diabetic rat retinas. Diabetes 2008;57:1026--1033** In the print version of the article listed above, the second affi... | **zhang x, baO s, LAI d, raPkinS Rw, GILlieS MC. iNTraVitreAl tRIAmCInOlone aceTOnIde INHibITS BreaKdOWn oF thE BlOod-rEtInAl BARRiEr ThrouGH DifFERENTial REguLaTioN of VeGF-A AnD ITS RECeptoRs IN EArlY dIabETIc raT RetINAs. DIABeteS 2008;57:1026--1033**
in THe PRiNt vErSIoN OF The aRticLe lisTEd aBovE, the SeCOnd afF... | **Zhang X, Bao S, Lai D,Rapkins RW, Gillies MC.Intravitrealtriamcinolone acetonideinhibits breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier through differential regulationof VEGF-A and its receptors in early diabetic ratretinas. Diabetes 2008;57:1026--1033**In the print version of the article listed above, t... | **Zhang X, Bao _S,_ _Lai_ D, Rapkins RW, Gillies MC. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide inhibits breakdown _of_ the blood-retinal barrier through differential regulation of VEGF-A and its receptors _in_ early diabetic _rat_ retinas. Diabetes 2008;57:1026--1033** In the print version of the _article_ _listed_ above, t... |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Interactions of integral membrane proteins with their surrounding lipid environment play a key role in stabilising their structure and influencing their activity. To obtain insight into the nature and type of interactions occurring between lipids and integral membrane proteins ... | 1. introduction { # s0005 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = interactions of integral membrane proteins with their surrounding lipid environment play a crucial role in stabilising their structure and influencing their activity. to obtain insight into the nature and type of interactions occurring between lipids and integra... | 1. Introduction {# s0005} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Interactions of integral membrane proteins with their surrounding lipid environment play a key role in stabilising their stghcture and influencing their activity. To obtain insight into the nature and type of interactions occurring between lipids and integral memb... | 1. Introduction {#s0005} =============== Interactions of integral membrane proteins with their surrounding lipid environment play a key role in stabilising their structure and influencing their activity. To obtain insight into the nature and of interactions occurring between lipids and integral membrane proteins a of b... | 1. IntroduCtiOn {#S0005}
===============
INtEraCTions OF iNtegraL MemBRANe pRoTeIns wiTh tHeIR SurROUnDiNG LiPid enVirONMenT pLay a kEY ROLE IN stABiLisIng tHEIR STRuCtURe And influencING Their ACTIvITY. to oBtaiN InsiGHT iNTO THE NaTure anD typE Of inTEractioNS oCCurRINg BETwEeN LipIds aNd INTegrAl meMbrAne PrOTeiNs ... | 1. Introduction {#s0005} =============== Interactions of integral membrane proteins withtheirsurrounding lipid environment play a key role in stabilising their structure and influencing their activity. To obtain insight into the natureand type ofinteractions occurring between lipids and integral... | 1. _Introduction_ {#s0005} =============== Interactions of integral membrane _proteins_ with their surrounding lipid _environment_ play a key role in stabilising their structure and influencing their activity. To obtain insight _into_ the _nature_ and type of interactions occurring between lipids and _integral_ membran... |
(J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e007026 DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007026.)29042422
Clinical PerspectiveWhat Is New?In this nonrandomized, retrospective, observational study of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with quadripolar (QUAD) and non‐QUAD left ventricular leads, programmed to biventricular, sin... | ( j am heart assoc. 2017 ; isbn : e007026 doi : 10. 1161 / jaha. 117. 007026. ) 29042422 clinical perspectivewhat is new? in this nonrandomized, retrospective, observational study of patients undergoing automated resynchronization therapy ( crt ) with stable ( quad ) and non ‐ quad left ventricular leads, programmed re... | ( J Am Heart Assoc. 2017; 6: e007026 DOI: 10. 1161 / JAHA. 117. 007026.) 29042422 Clinical PerspectiveWhat Is New? In this nonrandomized, retrospective, observational study of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with quadripolar (QUAD) and non ‐ QjZD left ventricular leads, programmed to biventr... | (J Am Heart Assoc. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007026.)29042422 PerspectiveWhat Is New?In this nonrandomized, retrospective, observational study of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with quadripolar (QUAD) and non‐QUAD left ventricular leads, programmed to biventricular, single‐site left ventricular... | (j am heaRt AsSoC. 2017;6:e007026 DOI: 10.1161/jAHa.117.007026.)29042422
ClINicAl PErspeCtivewHat iS nEw?In THIS nonRAndOmizEd, retROSPEcTIVe, oBSERVATIOnAl stuDy Of pATiENts UndergOIng caRdIAC REsYnChrONizAtIOn THerApY (cRt) WITh quAdrIpOlaR (quaD) anD non‐quaD lefT vENTRICuLar leAds, PROgRaMmED to BiventRiCuLAr, siN... | (J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e007026 DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007026.)29042422 Clinical PerspectiveWhat IsNew?In this nonrandomized, retrospective, observationalstudy of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with quadripolar (QUAD) and non‐QUAD left ventricular leads, programmedtobiventricular, ... | (J Am Heart _Assoc._ 2017;6:e007026 DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007026.)29042422 Clinical PerspectiveWhat _Is_ New?In this nonrandomized, retrospective, observational study of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy _(CRT)_ with quadripolar (QUAD) and non‐QUAD left ventricular leads, programmed to biventricular... |
Background
==========
Diamond holds a variety of extraordinary physical and chemical properties, facilitating its possible applications in novel functional devices \[[@B1]-[@B7]\]. As a semiconductor with a wide bandgap of 5.47 eV, it is a promising candidate for short-wavelength optoelectronic devices such as ultravi... | background = = = = = = = = = = diamond holds a variety of extraordinary physical and chemical properties, enabling its possible applications in novel functional devices \ [ [ @ b1 ] - [ @ b7 ] \ ]. as a semiconductor with a broad bandgap of 5. 47 ev, it is a promising catalyst for short - wavelength optoelectronic devi... | Background = = = = = = = = = = Diamond holds a variety of extraordinary physical and chemical properties, facilitating its possible applications in novel functional devices \ [[ @ B1] - [@ B7] \ ]. As a semiconductor with a wide bandgap of 5. 47 eV, it is a promising candidate for short - wavelength optoelectronic devi... | Background ========== Diamond holds a variety of extraordinary physical and chemical properties, facilitating its possible applications in novel functional devices \[[@B1]-[@B7]\]. As a with a bandgap of 5.47 eV, it a promising candidate for optoelectronic devices such as ultraviolet light-emitting diodes. The extreme ... | backGroUND
==========
dIaMond hoLdS A VArieTY of eXtraorDINArY phYsicaL aNd ChEMICaL PROpeRtIES, FACIlITaTINg itS Possible AppLICaTIOnS iN nOvEL FuNCTioNAl dEvIces \[[@b1]-[@B7]\]. as a sEmIcoNdUcTOr wiTH a WIDe baNDgAP oF 5.47 ev, iT iS a PRoMiSINg CandIdAtE foR shorT-wAVelEngTh OPTOElectROnic DEViCEs sUch As ULtrAvi... | Background ========== Diamond holds a variety ofextraordinary physical and chemical properties,facilitating its possible applications in novelfunctional devices \[[@B1]-[@B7]\]. As asemiconductor with a wide bandgap of5.47 eV, it is a promising candidate for short-wavelength optoelectronic devices such asul... | Background ========== Diamond holds a variety _of_ extraordinary physical and chemical _properties,_ facilitating its _possible_ applications in novel functional devices \[[@B1]-[@B7]\]. As _a_ _semiconductor_ _with_ a wide bandgap of 5.47 eV, it _is_ a _promising_ candidate for short-wavelength optoelectronic _devices... |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR, or MRS) has enormous potential for the study of biochemical and physiological changes in cancer tissues, due to its noninvasive nature and the large quantity of specific molecular information it can generate. Despite the sensitivity ... | 1. introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( nmr, or mrs ) has tremendous potential for the study of biochemical and physiological changes in cancer tissues, due to its noninvasive nature and the large quantity of specific structural information it can generate. des... | 1. Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR, or MRS) has enormous potential for the study of biochemical and physiological changes in cancer tissues, due to its noninvasive nature and the large quantity of specific molecular information it can generate. Despite th... | 1. {#sec1} =============== Nuclear resonance spectroscopy or MRS) enormous potential for the study of biochemical and physiological changes in cancer tissues, due to its noninvasive nature and large quantity of specific molecular information it can generate. Despite the sensitivity limitations of the technique, the inh... | 1. inTRoDucTiOn {#sec1}
===============
nuCLEAr MAGNEtiC reSOnANcE spEctROscOPy (nmr, oR mRS) Has enOrMOUs poTenTiaL FOR tHE STudY of bioCHEmICal and pHYsiOLoGiCAl cHANGes IN CanCER TisSueS, dUe tO itS nONInVASIVE NaTuRE aND The lARGe QuANTiTY OF spEciFic mOlEcULAR INfoRmATION iT Can generate. DeSpitE ThE sENsiTIvItY ... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR, or MRS) has enormous potential for the study of biochemical and physiologicalchanges in cancer tissues, dueto its noninvasive nature and the large quantity ofspecific molecular information it cangenerate. Despite the sens... | 1. _Introduction_ {#sec1} _===============_ Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR, or MRS) has enormous potential for the _study_ of biochemical _and_ physiological changes in _cancer_ _tissues,_ due to _its_ noninvasive nature and the large quantity of specific molecular _information_ it can generate. Despite t... |
Diet is believed to be the single most important contributor to colonic carcinogenesis ([Tomatis *et al*, 1990](#bib25){ref-type="other"}). Experimental data have shown that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have tumour-enhancing properties in the colon ([Reddy and Maeura, 1984](#... | diet is believed to be the single most important contributor to colonic carcinogenesis ( [ tomatis * et hal *, 1990 ] ( # bib25 ) { ref - category = " other " } ). experimental data have shown that saturated fatty acids ( sfas ) and n - 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( pufas ) have tumour - sustaining properties in the ... | Diet is believed to be the single most important contributor to colonic carcinogenesis ([ Tomatis * et al *, 1990] (# bib25) {ref - type = " other "} ). Experimental data have shown that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n - 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have tumour - enhancing properties in the colon ([ Reddy a... | Diet is believed to be the single most important to colonic carcinogenesis ([Tomatis *et 1990](#bib25){ref-type="other"}). data have shown that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-6 polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs) have tumour-enhancing properties in the colon and Maeura, 1984](#bib18){ref-type="other"}; [Zhao *et al*, 199... | DIeT Is BeLIEveD to BE the siNgLE mOst imPoRtANt CoNtRIButor TO COlONIc CArcINoGeNeSiS ([TOmATIS *et AL*, 1990](#BIB25){ReF-type="OTHER"}). EXpERIMEntal Data HAVE SHoWN That SaTUratEd FATty aCIDs (sfAs) And N-6 polYuNSaTuraTed faTtY acidS (pUFaS) HAVE tumOUr-enhANCinG prOpeRTiES in tHe cOLOn ([reDDy AND MAEURa, 1984](#... | Diet is believed to be the single most important contributor to colonic carcinogenesis ([Tomatis *et al*, 1990](#bib25){ref-type="other"}). Experimental data have shown that saturated fattyacids (SFAs) and n-6polyunsaturatedfatty acids (PUFAs) have tumour-enhancing properties in the colon ([Reddy ... | _Diet_ is _believed_ to _be_ the single most _important_ contributor to colonic _carcinogenesis_ _([Tomatis_ _*et_ al*, _1990](#bib25){ref-type="other"})._ _Experimental_ data have shown _that_ saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) _have_ tumour-enhancing properties in the colon ([Red... |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Stroke is the second most common cause of death in developed countries and thus is a major health problem \[[@B1]\]. According to the 2009 Annual Public Health Report by the Korean National Statistical Office, cerebrovascular disease, or stroke, was the second-leading cause of d... | 1. introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = stroke is the second only common cause of death in developed countries and thus is a major clinical problem \ [ [ @ b1 ] \ ]. according to the 2009 annual public health report by the korean national statistical office, cerebrovascular disease, or stroke, was the ... | 1. Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Stroke is the second most common cause of death in developed countries and thus is a major health problem \ [[ @ B1] \ ]. According to the 2009 Annual Public Health Report by the Korean National Statistical Office, cerebrovascular disease, or stroke, was the second... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} Stroke is the second common cause death in developed countries and thus is a major health problem \[[@B1]\]. According to the 2009 Annual Public Health Report by the Korean National Statistical Office, cerebrovascular disease, was the second-leading cause of disease-related deaths in Korea, afte... | 1. inTRoductION {#Sec1}
===============
StROkE is THe secONd Most ComMon CAuse OF DEAtH In deVELOpEd cOunTries And THUS Is A mAJOr HEALtH ProBLEM \[[@B1]\]. AcCOrDiNG to THE 2009 Annual PubliC HealtH RePOrT by The koRean naTIoNal sTaTISTical offIcE, ceREbROvAscuLAr DisEAse, OR STRokE, wAS the SECoNd-LeADIng cauSE oF D... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== Stroke is the second most commoncause of death indeveloped countries and thus is a major health problem\[[@B1]\]. According to the2009 AnnualPublic Health Report by the Korean National Statistical Office, cerebrovascular disease, or stroke, was the second-lea... | 1. _Introduction_ {#sec1} =============== Stroke is the second most common cause of death in developed countries and thus is a _major_ health problem \[[@B1]\]. According to the 2009 Annual Public Health Report _by_ the Korean National Statistical Office, _cerebrovascular_ disease, or stroke, was the second-leading cau... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are a diverse family of proteins that share a conserved ≈ 90-residue α-crystallin domain (ACD) that is flanked by variable N- and C-terminal regions (Basha et al. [@CR3]; Hilton et al. [@CR17]; McHaourab et al. [@CR28]). Although sHSPs are relatively ... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = small heat - shock proteins ( shsps ) are most diverse family of proteins which share a conserved ≈ 90 - residue α - crystallin domain ( acd ) that is flanked by variable n - and c - terminal regions ( basha et al. [ @ cr3 ] ; hilton et al. [ @ cr17 ] ; mchaourab chat al.... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Small heat - shock proteins (sHSPs) are a diverse family of proteins that share a conserved ≈ 90 - residue α - crystallin domain (ACD) that is flanked by variable N - and C - terminal regions (Basha et al. [@ CR3 ]; Hilton et al. [@ CR17 ]; McHaourab et al. [@ CR28] ). Alth... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are a family of proteins that share a conserved ≈ α-crystallin domain (ACD) that is flanked by variable N- and C-terminal (Basha et [@CR3]; Hilton al. [@CR17]; McHaourab et al. [@CR28]). sHSPs are small as monomers (12 to 42 kDa), the majority assemble... | INtRoDuCtIoN {#Sec1}
============
SmAlL hEat-sHOcK pROTeiNS (shSPS) aRe a DivErsE FaMily oF PROteiNs THAt shArE A coNServeD ≈ 90-REsidUE Α-cRYsTallIN DomaiN (AcD) THAt iS fLANkEd by vAriAble N- and c-tERmINAL rEgIoNs (bASHa ET Al. [@Cr3]; Hilton ET aL. [@cR17]; mChAoURab et aL. [@cR28]). ALthoUGh ShsPs aRE RELaTivELY ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are a diverse family of proteins thatshare a conserved ≈ 90-residue α-crystallin domain (ACD) that is flanked byvariable N-and C-terminalregions (Basha et al. [@CR3]; Hilton et al. [@CR17]; McHaourab et al. [@CR28]). Although... | Introduction _{#Sec1}_ ============ Small heat-shock proteins _(sHSPs)_ _are_ a diverse family of proteins _that_ share a conserved ≈ 90-residue α-crystallin domain (ACD) that is flanked by variable N- and C-terminal _regions_ (Basha et _al._ _[@CR3];_ Hilton et al. _[@CR17];_ McHaourab et _al._ _[@CR28])._ Although sH... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\], but are substantially undertreated. In 2013, 16.6 million U.S. adults met diagnostic criteria for an AUD, but research suggests only 7.8% received any formal treatment \[... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = alcohol use disorders ( aud ) are common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality \ [ [ @ cr1 ] - - [ @ cr3 ] \ ], but are substantially undertreated. in 2013, 16. 6 million u. s. adults met diagnostic criteria for an aud, but research estimates only 7. 8 %... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality \ [[ @ CR1] - - [@ CR3] \ ], but are substantially undertreated. In 2013, 16. 6 million U. S. adults met diagnostic criteria for an AUD, but research suggests only 7. 8% received ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\], but are substantially undertreated. In 2013, 16.6 million U.S. adults met diagnostic criteria for an AUD, but research suggests only 7.8% received any formal treatment \[[... | INtRODuCTiON {#sEC1}
============
aLcOHoL usE dISorders (aUd) ArE COMmoN aND AsSoCiaTeD wiTH siGNIFiCanT morbiDIty and MORtalITy \[[@cR1]--[@Cr3]\], bUt Are sUBStanTiallY uNderTrEateD. In 2013, 16.6 miLLION u.s. adULts met DIaGnOSTIc criteriA FOR An AUd, BUT rEsEArcH SuggESts onLy 7.8% receIveD anY forMAL TREATmENT \[... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are common and associated with significantmorbidity andmortality \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\], but are substantially undertreated. In 2013, 16.6 million U.S. adults met diagnostic criteria for anAUD, butresearch suggests only 7.8% received any form... | _Introduction_ {#Sec1} ============ Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\], _but_ are substantially undertreated. In 2013, 16.6 million _U.S._ adults met diagnostic criteria _for_ _an_ _AUD,_ but research suggests _only_ 7.8% _received_ _any_ fo... |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and ranks the third highest cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide \[[@R1], [@R2]\]. The resection rate of HCC has increased over decades due to the improvements in early diagnostic methods and surgical techniqu... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = juvenile carcinoma ( hcc ) is one of the most common malignant tumors and ranks the third highest cause of cancer - related deaths worldwide \ [ [ @ r1 ], [ @ r2 ] \ ]. the resection rate of hcc has increased over decades due to the improvements in early diagnostic methods ... | INTRODUCTION {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and ranks the third highest cause of cancer - related deaths worldwide \ [[ @ R1 ], [@ R2] \ ]. The resection rate of HCC has increased over decades due to the improvements in early diagnostic methods a... | {#s1} ============ Hepatocellular carcinoma is one the most malignant tumors and ranks the third highest cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide \[[@R1], [@R2]\]. The resection rate of HCC has increased over decades due to improvements in early methods and surgical techniques. However, the postoperative recurrence rat... | INtRoducTiON {#S1}
============
HepATOcelLUlar CarcInomA (hCC) IS ONE oF ThE MoSt CoMmON mALIGNANT tUmoRs aNd rANKS thE tHiRD hIgHEsT CAuse of cancEr-RelAted DeatHS wORLdwiDe \[[@r1], [@r2]\]. ThE REsECTiOn Rate oF hCC hAS INcrEased OVer decaDES due To tHE IMProVEmENTS in EARlY dIagNoSTiC METHods aND suRgicAl teCHNiqu... | INTRODUCTION {#s1}============ Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and ranks the third highest cause of cancer-relateddeathsworldwide \[[@R1], [@R2]\]. The resection rateofHCC has increased over decades due to the improvements in early diagnosticmethods and surgical te... | _INTRODUCTION_ {#s1} ============ Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) _is_ _one_ of the most common malignant _tumors_ _and_ ranks the third highest cause _of_ _cancer-related_ deaths worldwide \[[@R1], [@R2]\]. _The_ _resection_ _rate_ _of_ _HCC_ has increased over decades due _to_ the improvements in early diagnostic meth... |
Introduction
============
Better adjuvant therapy, improved metal implants, and innovative surgical techniques have led surgeons to consider limb salvage surgery as an alternative treatment for malignant bone tumour other than amputation. Orthopaedic oncology patients have a chance for an active, disease-free life aft... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = better adjuvant therapy, improved metal implants, and innovative surgical techniques have led surgeons can consider limb salvage surgery as an alternative treatment for malignant bone tumour other than amputation. orthopaedic oncology patients have a chance for an active, disease - ... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Better adjuvant therapy, improved metal implants, and innovative surgical techniques have led surgeons to consider limb salvage surgery as an alternative treatment for malignant bone tumour other than amputation. Orthopaedic oncology patients have a chance for an active, disease - f... | Introduction ============ Better adjuvant therapy, improved metal and innovative surgical techniques have led surgeons to consider limb salvage surgery as an alternative treatment for malignant bone tumour other than amputation. Orthopaedic oncology patients a chance for an active, disease-free life after limb salvage ... | IntrODuction
============
BETteR aDJuVant thERaPY, imPRoved mEtal IMPlants, And INnOVAtiVE surgICaL TecHNIQUeS HaVE LED sUrGeonS To ConSider LImb SalVAgE SURGeRY AS AN ALtErNatIVe tReatmENT FOR MAliGnANt bone TuMOUr oTHeR THAN AmPUTATION. ORTHOPaEDiC ONCOLogy pATieNts HaVE A cHaNce foR AN ACTIVe, DISEase-FREe LIfe aFT... | Introduction ============ Better adjuvant therapy, improved metal implants, andinnovative surgical techniques have led surgeons to considerlimb salvagesurgery as an alternative treatmentfor malignant bone tumourother than amputation. Orthopaedic oncology patients have achance foran active, disease-free ... | Introduction ============ Better adjuvant therapy, improved metal _implants,_ and innovative surgical techniques have _led_ surgeons to consider limb _salvage_ surgery as an _alternative_ treatment _for_ malignant bone tumour other than amputation. Orthopaedic oncology patients _have_ _a_ chance _for_ an _active,_ dise... |
Building upon the pioneering work of Vicsek *et al.*[@b1], physicists, mathematicians and biologists have contemplated the self-organization of living-organism groups into flocks as an emergent process stemming from simple interaction rules at the individual level[@b2][@b3][@b4]. This idea has been supported by quantit... | building upon the pioneering work of vicsek * et al. * [ @ c2 ], physicists, mathematicians and biologists have contemplated the self - organization of living - organism groups into flocks as an emergent process stemming from simple interaction rules at the individual level [ @ b2 ] [ @ b3 ] [ @ b4 ]. this idea has bee... | Building upon the pioneering work of Vicsek * et al. * [@ b1 ], physicists, mathematicians and biologists have contemplated the CSlf - 9rgaBization of living - organism groups into flocks as an emergent process stemming from simple interaction rules at the individual level [@ b2] [@ b3] [@ b4 ]. This idea has been supp... | Building upon the pioneering work of Vicsek *et al.*[@b1], physicists, mathematicians and biologists have contemplated the of living-organism groups into flocks as an emergent process stemming from simple interaction rules at the individual level[@b2][@b3][@b4]. This idea has been supported by quantitative trajectory a... | BuildING uPOn tHe pIoneeRInG WOrk OF ViCsek *ET AL.*[@B1], pHySICiSTS, matHeMaTICIanS AND biOLOGIsTS hAVE CoNTempLaTED tHE sELF-orGanIZAtIOn OF liViNG-OrGaNIsm gROUps INto floCkS as AN EmeRgEnT PROceSS STEmmIng froM SiMPLe iNTerAcTiOn rULES at THE INdIvIdual LEvEL[@B2][@B3][@b4]. tHIs idea HAs BeEN SUppoRteD by QUANtIt... | Building upon thepioneering work of Vicsek *et al.*[@b1], physicists, mathematicians and biologists have contemplated the self-organization of living-organismgroups into flocks as an emergent process stemming from simple interaction rulesat the individual level[@b2][@b3][@b4]. This idea has been supp... | Building upon the pioneering _work_ of _Vicsek_ *et al.*[@b1], physicists, mathematicians _and_ biologists have _contemplated_ the self-organization _of_ living-organism groups into flocks as an _emergent_ process _stemming_ from _simple_ interaction rules _at_ the individual _level[@b2][@b3][@b4]._ This idea has _been... |
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{#sp2 .254}
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{#SP2 .254}
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1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Health care is changing dynamically in the 2010s. The economic recession and problems with recruiting professionals \[[@B1], [@B2]\], staff retention \[[@B3]\], creating healthy work environments \[[@B4], [@B5]\], and a growing demand for customer orientation \[[@B6]\] pose chal... | 1. introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = health care is changing dynamically for the 2010s. the economic climate and problems with recruiting professionals \ [ [ @ b1 ], [ @ b2 ] \ ], staff retention \ [ [ @ b3 ] \ ], creating healthy work environments \ [ [ @ b4 ], [ @ b5 ] \ ], and a growing demand fo... | 1. Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Health care is changing dynamically in the 2010s. The economic recession and problems with recruiting professionals \ [[ @ B1 ], [@ B2] \ ], staff retention \ [[ @ B3] \ ], creating healthy work environments \ [[ @ B4 ], [@ B5] \ ], and a growing demXmd for custome... | Introduction {#sec1} =============== Health care is changing dynamically in the 2010s. The economic and problems with recruiting professionals \[[@B1], [@B2]\], staff retention \[[@B3]\], creating healthy work environments \[[@B4], [@B5]\], a growing demand for customer orientation \[[@B6]\] challenges for nurse manage... | 1. inTroDUcTIoN {#SeC1}
===============
hEaltH CaRe iS ChANGiNG dYnamICaLLy In THE 2010S. thE econOmic recEsSioN aNd PRoBlems With rECRuITINg proFESsionaLs \[[@B1], [@b2]\], stAfF rEteNTiOn \[[@B3]\], CrEaTInG HealTHy woRk envIROnMentS \[[@b4], [@b5]\], And A gRoWinG dEMANd fOr CuSTOmER orIENtAtiON \[[@B6]\] poSE ChAl... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} ===============Health careis changing dynamicallyin the 2010s. The economic recession and problems with recruiting professionals \[[@B1], [@B2]\], staff retention \[[@B3]\],creating healthy work environments\[[@B4], [@B5]\],and a growing demand for customer orientation \[[@B6]\] p... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== Health care is changing dynamically in the 2010s. _The_ economic recession and _problems_ with recruiting _professionals_ _\[[@B1],_ [@B2]\], staff retention \[[@B3]\], _creating_ healthy work environments \[[@B4], [@B5]\], and a growing demand for customer orientation _\[[@B6]\]... |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN) are very important C and N pools in the terrestrial ecosystems \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. As the components of labile C and N pools in soils, dissolved organic C (DOC) and N (DON) and soil ammonium and nitrate N (NH~4~ ^+^-N and NO~3~ ^−^-N) play cru... | 1. introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = soil organic c ( soc ) and total n ( tn ) are very important c and n pools in the terrestrial wetland \ [ [ @ b1 ], [ @ b2 ] \ ]. as the components of labile c and n pools in soils, dissolved organic c ( doc ) and n ( don ) and soil ammonium and nitrate n ( nh ~ ... | 1. Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN) are very important C and N pools in the terrestrial ecosystems \ [[ @ B1 ], [@ B2] \ ]. As the components of labile C and N pools in soils, dissolved organic C (DOC) and N (DON) and soil ammomiJm and nitrate N (NH ~ 4 ~ ^ + ^ -... | 1. {#sec1} =============== Soil organic (SOC) and total N (TN) are very important C and N pools the terrestrial ecosystems \[[@B1], the components of labile C and N pools in soils, dissolved organic C (DOC) and N (DON) and soil ammonium and nitrate N (NH~4~ ^+^-N and NO~3~ play crucial in the biogeochemistry of C and N... | 1. iNTRodUCtiOn {#Sec1}
===============
soIL oRGAniC c (SoC) and Total N (tN) ArE vERY IMPortANT c AnD n poOlS In THe TERrESTRIAL ECoSYSteMs \[[@B1], [@b2]\]. AS the cOmpOnentS Of lABIle c aND N pooLS In sOilS, disSOlved OrgaNIC c (Doc) ANd N (dON) and sOiL AMMoniUm AnD nITraTE N (nH~4~ ^+^-N anD No~3~ ^−^-n) PLaY CrU... | 1. Introduction {#sec1}=============== Soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN) arevery important C and N pools in the terrestrialecosystems \[[@B1], [@B2]\].As the components of labile CandNpools in soils, dissolved organicC (DOC) and N(DON) and soil ammonium and nitrateN (NH~4~ ^+^-N and NO~3~ ^−^-N)play crucial... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== Soil organic _C_ (SOC) and total N (TN) are very important C and N _pools_ in the _terrestrial_ _ecosystems_ \[[@B1], _[@B2]\]._ As the components of labile C and _N_ pools in soils, dissolved organic C (DOC) and N (DON) and soil ammonium and _nitrate_ N (NH~4~ ^+^-N _and_ NO~3~ ... |
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper.
Introduction {#s1}
============
Mechanical ventilation (MV) has been used in critical care patients for decades. In spite of its life-saving potential, it has several shortcomings... | the authors confirm and all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. all relevant data are within the paper. introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = mechanical ventilation ( sv ) has been used against critical care patients for decades. in spite of actual life - saving potential, it h... | The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper. Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Mechanical ventilation (MV) has been used in critical care patients for decades. In spite of its life - saving potential, it has several ... | The authors confirm that all data findings are fully available restriction. All relevant data are within the paper. Introduction {#s1} ============ Mechanical ventilation (MV) has been used in critical care patients for decades. In spite of its life-saving potential, it has several shortcomings. A number experimental s... | thE AutHors CoNFirM tHat ALL daTa uNDERlyInG THE FinDINgS arE FULLy AvaILablE WithoUt REStrIctiOn. ALL RELEVant DAtA are wITHin tHe paPeR.
iNTRoDUCtion {#S1}
============
mECHANiCal vENTILATion (MV) Has beEn USed in cRItical caRe PaTiEnTs fOR DecAdeS. iN spitE oF iTs LiFE-sAVing PoteNTiAL, it hAs seVErAL ShOrTcOMiNgS... | The authorsconfirmthatalldata underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper. Introduction {#s1} ============ Mechanical ventilation (MV) has been used in critical care patientsfor decades. Inspite ofits life-saving potential, it has several shortcomings. A... | The authors confirm that _all_ data underlying the findings are fully available without _restriction._ All relevant data are within _the_ paper. _Introduction_ {#s1} ============ Mechanical _ventilation_ (MV) _has_ been _used_ in critical care patients for decades. In _spite_ _of_ its life-saving potential, it _has_ se... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hearing loss (HL), retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and vestibular dysfunction. Three clinical subtypes can be distinguished. USH type 1 (USH1) is the most severe among them because of profound HL, absent vestibular respo... | h { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = usher syndrome ( ush ) presents an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hearing loss ( hl ), retinitis pigmentosa ( rp ) and vestibular dysfunction. three clinical subtypes can be distinguished. ush type 1 ( ush1 ) is the most severe among them because of profound hl, absent ... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hearing loss (HL ), retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and vestibular dysfunction. Three clinical subtypes can be distinguished. USH type 1 (USH1) is the most severe among them because of profound HL, absent vest... | Introduction ============ Usher syndrome (USH) is an recessive disorder characterized by hearing loss (HL), retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and vestibular dysfunction. Three clinical subtypes can be distinguished. type 1 is the most among them because of profound HL, absent vestibular responses, and prepubertal onset RP. USH... | intRODUCTiON {#S1}
============
uSher syndrOME (UsH) is an autoSoMAL ReCeSsivE DiSoRDEr cHarACteRiZED By hEarIng LoSs (hL), RETIniTIs pIGMENTOsa (RP) AND VEsTIbULAr DySfunCtiOn. THrEE clinIcAl SUBTypEs Can be DISTiNguiShED. usH Type 1 (Ush1) IS THE moST SevERe AmOng tHem BeCAuSe OF PrOFoUnd Hl, absEnt vEsTiBUlAr ResPo... | Introduction{#s1} ============ Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hearing loss(HL), retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and vestibular dysfunction. Threeclinical subtypescan be distinguished. USH type 1 (USH1) isthe most severe among them because of profound HL, absent vestibular res... | Introduction {#s1} ============ _Usher_ syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive _disorder_ characterized by hearing loss (HL), retinitis pigmentosa _(RP)_ and _vestibular_ _dysfunction._ Three clinical _subtypes_ _can_ be _distinguished._ USH type 1 (USH1) is the most severe among them because of profound _HL,_ absent... |
1. Introduction {#sec1-polymers-08-00159}
===============
Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) is a high-performance resin that is synthesized by the copolymerization of phenol with formaldehyde. It is widely applied for industrial uses, including adhesives, impregnating resins, and plastics. The excellent properties of PF resin ... | 1. introduction { # sec1 - polymers - 08 - 00159 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = phenol - formaldehyde ( pf ) is a high - performance resin this is synthesized by the copolymerization of phenol with formaldehyde. it is widely applied for industrial uses, including adhesives, impregnating resins, and plastics. the chemi... | 1. Introduction {# sec1 - polymers - 08 - 00159} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Phenol - formaldehyde (PF) is a high - performance resin that is synthesized by the copolymerization of phenol with formaldehyde. It is widely applied for industrial uses, including adhesives, impregnating resins, and plastics. The excellent... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-polymers-08-00159} Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) is a resin that is synthesized by the copolymerization of phenol with formaldehyde. It is widely applied for uses, including adhesives, impregnating resins, and plastics. The excellent properties of PF resin include high mechanical, thermal, and weather... | 1. iNTroDUcTioN {#SEC1-PolyMErS-08-00159}
===============
PHENOl-forMALDehYdE (pF) iS A HIgH-pERformAncE resIn THaT IS SyNthESIzED By thE CoPolYmeRIzATion OF pHENol WiTH formaldEHYde. iT IS WIdELy aPPlieD For INdusTrIAl uses, iNcLUdInG aDhEsives, imPregNatING REsiNS, anD PLASTiCs. ThE EXceLlEnt PrOpeRTiEs of PF REsIn ... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-polymers-08-00159} =============== Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) is a high-performance resin that is synthesizedby the copolymerizationof phenol with formaldehyde. It is widelyapplied for industrial uses, including adhesives, impregnating resins, and plastics. The excellent properties of ... | _1._ Introduction {#sec1-polymers-08-00159} =============== _Phenol-formaldehyde_ _(PF)_ is _a_ high-performance _resin_ _that_ is _synthesized_ by _the_ copolymerization of phenol with formaldehyde. It is widely applied for industrial uses, including _adhesives,_ impregnating resins, and plastics. The excellent proper... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Headache is the commonest neurological disorder in the community with variable intensity, ranging from a trivial nuisance to a severe, disabling, acute or chronic disorder, and may impose a substantial burden on sufferers and on society \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. It is one of the commonest r... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = headache is the commonest neurological disorder in the community with variable intensity, ranging from a trivial nuisance to a serious, disabling, acute or chronic disorder, and may impose a substantial burden on sufferers and on society \ [ [ @ cr1 ], [ @ cr2 ] \ ]. it i... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Headache is the commonest neurological disorder in the community with variable intensity, ranging from a trivial nuisance to a severe, disabling, acute or chronic disorder, and may impose a substantial burden on sufferers and on society \ [[ @ CR1 ], [@ CR2] \ ]. It is one ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Headache is the commonest neurological disorder in the community with variable ranging from a trivial nuisance to a severe, disabling, acute or chronic and may impose a substantial burden on sufferers and on society \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. It is one of the commonest reasons for visiting th... | INtroDuCTion {#sEc1}
============
HeADachE is THe CoMMOnESt NeUrOloGicAL dISORDer iN tHe CoMmuNIty WITH vARIABlE iNteNsitY, rANginG froM a TrIVIAL NUISANce TO A SEveRE, DIsaBLING, aCUtE or CHrOnic DISOrDER, ANd maY IMposE A sUBsTANTIAL burdEN oN sUfferErS And ON sOCietY \[[@cR1], [@CR2]\]. it iS oNE OF THe CoMmOneSt r... | Introduction{#Sec1} ============ Headache isthe commonest neurological disorder in the community with variable intensity, ranging from a trivial nuisance to a severe, disabling, acute or chronicdisorder,and may impose a substantial burden on sufferers and on society\[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. It is one of the commo... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Headache is _the_ commonest neurological disorder in the _community_ with variable intensity, ranging from _a_ trivial nuisance to a severe, disabling, acute or chronic disorder, and may _impose_ a _substantial_ burden on sufferers and on _society_ \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. It is one _of_ th... |
INTRODUCTION
============
Silicon (Si), in the form of dissolved silicic acid---often referred to as silicate and hereafter abbreviated as DSi---is an inorganic nutrient instrumental to ocean functioning. Its availability modulates processes as relevant as ocean primary productivity ([@R1]) and the exchange of CO~2~ w... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = silicon ( si ), in the form of dissolved silicic acid - - - often referred to as silicate and hereafter abbreviated as dsi - - - is an inorganic nutrient instrumental to ocean functioning. its availability modulates processes as relevant as ocean primary productivity ( [ @ r1 ] ) an... | INTRODUCTION = = = = = = = = = = = = Silicon (Si ), in the form of dissolved silicic acid - - - often referred to as silicate and hereafter abbreviated as DSi - - - is an inorganic nutrient instrumental to ocean functioning. Its availability modulates processes as relevant as ocean primary productivity ([ @ R1] ) and t... | INTRODUCTION ============ Silicon (Si), in the form of dissolved silicic acid---often referred to as silicate and hereafter abbreviated as an inorganic nutrient instrumental to ocean functioning. Its availability modulates processes as relevant as ocean productivity and the exchange of with the atmosphere ([@R2]). Regi... | INTRoducTIOn
============
SILICOn (si), iN The fORM oF dIsSolVEd SilicIC acId---OFTen rEFerrED TO As sILIcAtE aND hEREAfTeR AbBReViatED aS DsI---Is AN InORGAniC nutrieNt INSTRUmeNtaL TO OcEan fUnctiONing. iTS avAIlabILiTY ModuLaTeS pRoCeSSES as reLeVaNt AS oCean PRiMaRy pRoDuctIvITY ([@r1]) aND tHe eXCHAnge of Co~2~ W... | INTRODUCTION ============ Silicon (Si), in the form of dissolved silicic acid---oftenreferred to as silicate and hereafter abbreviated as DSi---is an inorganic nutrientinstrumental to ocean functioning. Its availabilitymodulates processesas relevantas ocean primary productivity ([@R1]) and the exchange of ... | _INTRODUCTION_ ============ Silicon (Si), in the form of _dissolved_ silicic acid---often referred to as silicate and _hereafter_ abbreviated as _DSi---is_ an inorganic nutrient instrumental to ocean functioning. Its availability modulates processes as relevant _as_ _ocean_ primary productivity ([@R1]) and the _exchang... |
When Landauer argued in 1961 that any physical realisation of erasure of information has a fundamental thermodynamic work cost he irrevocably linked thermodynamics and information theory[@b1][@b2][@b3][@b4][@b5][@b6][@b7][@b8][@b9]. A practical consequence of this insight is that all computers must dissipate a minimal ... | when landauer argued in 1961 that any physical realisation of erasure of information has a fundamental thermodynamic work cost he irrevocably linked thermodynamics and information theory [ @ b1 ] [ @ b2 ] [ @ b3 ] [ @ b4 ] [ @ b5 ] [ @ b6 ] [ @ b7 ] [ @ b8 ] [ @ b9 ]. a practical consequence of this insight is that all... | When Landauer argued in 1961 that any physical realisation of erasure of information has a fundamental thermodynamic work SosR he irrevocably linked thermodynamics and information theory [@ b1] [@ b2] [@ b3] [@ b4] [@ b5] [@ b6] [@ b7] [@ b8] [@ b9 ]. A practical consequence of this insight is that all computers must d... | When Landauer argued in 1961 that physical realisation erasure of information has a fundamental thermodynamic work cost irrevocably linked thermodynamics and information theory[@b1][@b2][@b3][@b4][@b5][@b6][@b7][@b8][@b9]. A practical consequence of insight that computers must dissipate a minimal amount of heat in each... | WhEn lanDaueR aRGuEd in 1961 that Any PHySICal RealisaTIoN of ERasuRE of INfoRMaTiON hAs a fuNdAmeNTaL theRmodyNaMIc WorK cOSt hE IRrEVOcAblY LInKeD THermoDyNaMiCs AND iNFoRmaTion THeoRy[@b1][@b2][@B3][@B4][@B5][@B6][@B7][@B8][@B9]. A pRActiCAl ConseQuencE OF thiS insigHT Is THAT all CoMPuters mUST dISSipATE A minIMaL ... | When Landauer argued in 1961 that any physical realisation of erasure of information has a fundamental thermodynamic work cost he irrevocably linked thermodynamics andinformation theory[@b1][@b2][@b3][@b4][@b5][@b6][@b7][@b8][@b9]. A practical consequence of thisinsightis that all computers must dissipate a... | When Landauer argued in _1961_ that any physical realisation of erasure of information has a fundamental thermodynamic work cost he _irrevocably_ _linked_ thermodynamics and information _theory[@b1][@b2][@b3][@b4][@b5][@b6][@b7][@b8][@b9]._ A practical consequence of this insight is _that_ all computers must dissipate ... |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Congenital cataracts are diagnosed within the first year of life. These cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness in children and are estimated to occur with a prevalence of 3--6 per 10,000 live births \[[@CR1]\]. Congenital cataracts may appear either in isolation or in associ... | background { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = congenital cataracts are diagnosed within the first year of life. these cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness in children and are estimated to occur with a prevalence of 3 - - 6 × 10, 000 live births \ [ [ @ cr1 ] \ ]. congenital cataracts may appear either in is... | Background {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = Congenital cataracts are diagnosed within the first year of life. These cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness in children and are estimated to occur with a prevalence of 3 - - 6 per 10, 000 live births \ [[ @ CR1] \ ]. Congenital cataracts may appear either in isol... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Congenital cataracts are diagnosed within the first year of life. These cataracts one of the causes of blindness in children and are estimated occur a prevalence of per 10,000 live births Congenital cataracts may appear either isolation or in association with other ocular or anomalies. Up ... | BACkgrOUNd {#Sec1}
==========
CongEnITal CatARAcTs are diagNosED WIThiN ThE FirST YEar OF lIfe. ThESE CATaRActS Are OnE oF thE LeaDing CauSEs oF BlInDnEsS in CHildReN And arE esTImAtEd To OCcuR wITh a prEvaLeNCe of 3--6 pER 10,000 Live biRTHs \[[@Cr1]\]. cOngeNItal CaTaRAcTS MaY apPEaR EITHer In IsoLATIoN OR In aSSOCI... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Congenital cataracts are diagnosed withinthefirst year of life. These cataracts are one ofthe leading causes of blindness inchildren and are estimated to occur with a prevalence of3--6 per 10,000 live births \[[@CR1]\]. Congenital cataracts may appear either in isolati... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Congenital cataracts _are_ diagnosed within the _first_ year of life. These _cataracts_ _are_ one of the leading causes of _blindness_ in children and _are_ estimated to occur with a prevalence of 3--6 per 10,000 live births \[[@CR1]\]. Congenital cataracts may appear either _in_ isolation... |
Introduction
============
Diabetic cardiomyopathy contributes to increased cardiovascular mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and is characterized by a progressive alteration of left ventricular (LV) function. At a preclinical stage, a decrease in systolic myocardial strain has been suggested in echocardiogra... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = diabetic cardiomyopathy contributes to decreasing cardiovascular mortality in diabetes mellitus ( dm ) patients and is characterized by a progressive impairment of left ventricular ( lv ) function. at a preclinical stage, a decrease in systolic myocardial strain has been suggested i... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Diabetic cardiomyopathy contributes to insreaced cardiovascular mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and is characterized by a progressive alteration of left ventricular (LV) function. At a preclinical stage, a decrease in systolic myocardial strain has been suggested in ech... | Introduction ============ Diabetic cardiomyopathy contributes to increased cardiovascular mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and is characterized by a progressive alteration of left ventricular (LV) function. At a preclinical stage, a decrease in systolic myocardial strain has been suggested in echocardiograp... | inTrOducTION
============
dIabetiC caRDIOmyoPAthY CoNTRibuTES tO InCReaSeD CardIOvASCulaR MoRTaLity iN diABEtes mELLituS (dM) patIeNTS and is cHarAcTerIZEd by A PrOgrESSiVE alTeraTIon OF lEfT VentRiCulaR (LV) FunCTIoN. AT a precLInICaL StAge, a DecreaSe IN syStolIc mYoCArdial sTrAin Has BeEn sUGgesTEd iN echOCArDIoGrA... | Introduction ============Diabeticcardiomyopathy contributes to increased cardiovascular mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM) patientsand is characterizedby a progressive alteration of left ventricular (LV) function.At a preclinical stage,a decrease in systolic myocardial strain has been suggested in echocardio... | Introduction _============_ Diabetic cardiomyopathy _contributes_ _to_ increased cardiovascular _mortality_ in _diabetes_ mellitus (DM) patients and _is_ characterized by _a_ progressive alteration of _left_ _ventricular_ (LV) _function._ At a preclinical stage, a _decrease_ in _systolic_ myocardial _strain_ has been s... |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Hemangioblastomas (HB) are highly vascular tumors, which account for approximately 3 % of all tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) \[[@CR1]\]. It occurs in a subset of CNS locations, including the cerebellum (37 %), brainstem (10 %), and spinal cord (50 %) \[[@CR1]\]. They are class... | background { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = hemangioblastomas ( hb ) are highly vascular tumors, which account for approximately 3 % of all tumors of the central nervous system ( cns ) \ [ [ @ cr1 ] \ ]. it occurs in a subset of cns locations, including the cerebellum ( 37 % ), brainstem ( 10 % ), and spinal cord ( 50 % ... | Background {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = Hemangioblastomas (HB) are highly vascular tumors, which account for approximately 3% of all tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) \ [[ @ CR1] \ ]. It occurs in a subset of CNS locations, including the cerebellum (37% ), brainstem (10% ), and spinal cord (50%) \ [[ @ CR1] \ ... | {#Sec1} ========== Hemangioblastomas (HB) are highly vascular tumors, which account for 3 all tumors the central nervous system (CNS) \[[@CR1]\]. It occurs in a subset of CNS including the cerebellum %), (10 %), spinal cord (50 %) \[[@CR1]\]. They are classed grade one under the World Health Organization\'s classificat... | BACkGROUnD {#SEc1}
==========
hEmANGIoBLastOmas (hB) Are HigHLy VaSculAR TumoRS, whICH AccounT foR APproxiMATELy 3 % Of aLL tUmORs OF The centraL nErVous sysTEm (cNS) \[[@Cr1]\]. it OccUrs IN a sUBSEt Of CNS LOcaTiONS, inClUDinG The CErEBellum (37 %), braInstEM (10 %), AND spINAL CoRD (50 %) \[[@cR1]\]. ThEY aRE CLasS... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Hemangioblastomas (HB) are highly vascular tumors,which account for approximately 3 % of all tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) \[[@CR1]\]. It occursin a subsetof CNS locations, including thecerebellum (37 %), brainstem (10 %), and spinal cord (50 %) \[[@CR1]\]. ... | Background {#Sec1} ========== _Hemangioblastomas_ (HB) _are_ highly _vascular_ tumors, _which_ _account_ for approximately 3 % _of_ all tumors of _the_ central nervous system _(CNS)_ \[[@CR1]\]. It _occurs_ in _a_ subset of CNS locations, _including_ the cerebellum (37 _%),_ brainstem (10 %), and _spinal_ cord (50 _%)_... |
The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research a... | the content published in cureus is the result of clinical review or / or research by independent individuals affecting organizations. cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability by data or conclusions published herein. all content published within cureus is intended only for educational, resear... | The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and / or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research... | The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research independent individuals or organizations. is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published All content within Cureus is intended for educational, research and reference purposes. Additional... | THe cONtEnt PubLISHeD in CUREUs IS ThE ResULt oF cliNical ExpErIenCe aND/or resEArch BY iNdePEnDENT InDividUals or OrGANiZAtIOns. cuReus is NOT ReSpOnSiBLe FOr tHe scIENtIfic aCcuRacY Or rELiAbiLiTY oF dAtA Or cONclusIoNs PuBlIshed heReIn. AlL ConteNT publISHed WItHiN CUREUS IS INTeNDED oNly FoR eDUcatIonaL, REsEaRch A... | The content published in Cureusis the resultof clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals ororganizations. Cureus is not responsiblefor the scientificaccuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for edu... | The content published _in_ Cureus is the result of clinical _experience_ and/or research by independent individuals _or_ organizations. Cureus is _not_ _responsible_ for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, ... |
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a median survival of 12 months. Conventional therapeutic strategies of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are inadequate to eradicate GBMs because of the diffuse nature of GBM, acquired or innate resistance to therapy and the presence o... | glioblastoma multiforme ( gbm ) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a median survival of 12 months. conventional therapeutic strategies of combination and chemotherapy are inadequate to eradicate gbms because of the diffuse nature of gbm, intrinsic or innate resistance to therapy and the presence... | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a median survival of 12 months. Conventional therapeutic strategies of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are inadequate to eradicate GBMs because of the diffuse nature of GBM, acquired or innate resistance to therapy and the presence o... | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a median survival of 12 months. Conventional therapeutic of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are inadequate to eradicate GBMs because of the diffuse nature of GBM, acquired or innate resistance to therapy and the presence of blood--br... | gLIOblaStoMa MUltiFoRme (Gbm) IS THe MoSt CoMmOn aNd AggRessiVE pRIMaRY Brain tuMOr WiTH A MEDian surViVAl oF 12 mONths. CoNVENTiONaL theRapEUtIc StrATegieS of rAdIOthERAPY AND chemothERApy ArE inAdeqUAtE TO ErAdicaTE GbMs becausE of THE DiFfusE naTUre OF gBm, acQUIRed oR iNNAtE ResIsTAnce To ThERAPy AnD the PRESEnCE o... | Glioblastomamultiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a median survival of 12 months.Conventional therapeutic strategies ofradiotherapy and chemotherapy are inadequate toeradicate GBMs because of the diffuse nature of GBM, acquired or innate resistance to therapy a... | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) _is_ the most common _and_ aggressive primary brain tumor with a _median_ survival _of_ 12 months. _Conventional_ therapeutic strategies _of_ _radiotherapy_ and chemotherapy are inadequate to eradicate GBMs because of the diffuse nature of GBM, acquired _or_ innate resistance _to_ _therapy... |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-04838}
===============
Recent studies show a rise in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents to 18% worldwide in 2016 \[[@B1-ijerph-17-04838]\], with one in five school-aged children in Europe being overweight or obese \[[@B2-ijerph-17-04838],[@B3-ijerph-17-04838]\]. Also... | 1. introduction { # sec1 - ijerph - 17 - 04838 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = recent studies show a rise in age and obesity among children and adolescents to 18 % worldwide in 2016 \ [ [ @ b1 - ijerph - 17 - 04838 ] \ ], with one in five school - aged children in europe under overweight or obese \ [ [ @ b2 - ijerph - ... | 1. Introduction {# sec1 - ijerph - 17 - 04838} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Recent studies show a rise in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents to 18% worldwide in 2016 \ [[ @ B1 - ijerph - 17 - 04838] \ ], with one in five school - Qg#d children in Europe being overweight or obese \ [[ @ B2 - ijerph -... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-04838} =============== Recent show a in overweight and obesity children and adolescents to 18% worldwide in 2016 \[[@B1-ijerph-17-04838]\], with in five school-aged children in Europe being overweight or obese \[[@B2-ijerph-17-04838],[@B3-ijerph-17-04838]\]. Also in The Netherlands, chi... | 1. intRoDUCTION {#sec1-IJeRph-17-04838}
===============
recENT stUdIeS show A RiSE In oVErweighT And ObeSiTy AMong cHiLDRen ANd aDoLeScenTs tO 18% WOrldwIDe in 2016 \[[@B1-IjeRpH-17-04838]\], wITH OnE iN FIvE sCHOoL-AgED ChILdREn IN eurOpe beInG overwEigHT Or oBese \[[@b2-ijerpH-17-04838],[@B3-ijERpH-17-04838]\]. alSo... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-04838} =============== Recent studies show arise in overweight and obesity among children and adolescentsto18%worldwide in 2016 \[[@B1-ijerph-17-04838]\], with onein five school-aged children in Europe being overweight or obese \[[@B2-ijerph-17-04838],[@B3-ijerph-17... | 1. _Introduction_ _{#sec1-ijerph-17-04838}_ =============== Recent studies show a _rise_ in overweight and obesity among _children_ _and_ adolescents to _18%_ _worldwide_ in _2016_ \[[@B1-ijerph-17-04838]\], with one in five school-aged children in Europe _being_ overweight or obese _\[[@B2-ijerph-17-04838],[@B3-ijerph... |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Ecosystem services are defined as the benefits that nature provides to society \[[@pone.0235320.ref001]\]. Ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, croplands, coastal zones, and urban areas offer different ... | all relevant data are within the paper and its supporting information files. introduction { # sec001 } = = = = = = = = = = = = ecosystem services are defined as the benefits that nature provides to society \ [ [ @ pone. 0235320. ref001 ] \ ]. ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, croplands, coastal zones, and urban a... | All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Introduction {# sec001} = = = = = = = = = = = = Ecosystem services are defined as the benefits that nature provides to society \ [[ @ pone. 0235320. ref001] \ ]. Ecosystems such as f*resRs, grasslands, croplands, coastal zones, and urban areas... | All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information Introduction {#sec001} ============ Ecosystem services are as the benefits that nature to society \[[@pone.0235320.ref001]\]. Ecosystems such as forests, croplands, coastal and urban areas offer different services to society. These include services (... | aLl RELEvaNt daTa arE withIN thE pApEr aNd itS sUpporting iNfOrMatiOn FiLeS.
iNTroduCTiON {#SEC001}
============
eCoSYSTem serVICes ArE DEfIneD AS tHE bENefITS ThAt NATure prOVIdes tO soCiETy \[[@Pone.0235320.REF001]\]. EcOsYsteMS SUCH aS foReSTS, grASSLaNDs, cROplANDS, coASTAl zOnEs, aND urbAn aReaS ofFeR DIfFeREnT ... | All relevant data are within the paper andits SupportingInformation files. Introduction {#sec001} ============ Ecosystem services are defined as the benefits that nature provides to society\[[@pone.0235320.ref001]\]. Ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, croplands, coastal zones, and urban areas offerdiffe... | _All_ relevant data are within the paper _and_ its Supporting Information files. _Introduction_ {#sec001} ============ Ecosystem services are defined as the benefits that nature provides to society \[[@pone.0235320.ref001]\]. Ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, croplands, coastal zones, and _urban_ areas offer diff... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disorder that is currently incurable. Consequently, the majority of people with psoriasis require long-term treatment to maintain disease control. Traditional immunosuppressive systemic treatments, such as acitretin, methotrex... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = psoriasis is a chronic, immune - mediated, inflammatory skin disorder that is currently incurable. consequently, the majority of people with psoriasis require long - term treatment to maintain disease control. traditional immunosuppressive systemic treatments, such as aci... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Psoriasis is a chronic, immune - mediated, inflammatory skin disorder that is currently incurable. Consequently, the majority of people with psoriasis require long - term treatment to maintain disease control. Traditional immunosuppressive systemic treatments, such as acitr... | Introduction {#Sec1} Psoriasis is chronic, inflammatory disorder that is incurable. Consequently, the majority of people with psoriasis require long-term treatment to maintain disease control. Traditional immunosuppressive systemic treatments, as acitretin, methotrexate, cyclosporine, hydroxyurea, and thioguanine, may ... | InTrodUCtion {#sec1}
============
pSoriaSIS Is a Chronic, ImmUne-MEdIATed, INFLAmMaTorY SkIN DisORDEr thAt Is cUrREnTly INCurABLe. CONsEqUENtLy, ThE MAjority OF pEoPlE wIth pSorIAsis rEqUirE LoNG-TeRM tREaTmeNt tO maiNTAiN diseaSE coNTRoL. trAdITIonal imMuNosuPpResSiVe sYsTEMiC tREAtmENTS, SuCh AS AciTreTIN, MetHotrEx... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Psoriasis isa chronic,immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disorder that is currentlyincurable.Consequently, the majority of people with psoriasis require long-term treatment tomaintain diseasecontrol. Traditional immunosuppressivesystemic treatments, such as acitretin, ... | _Introduction_ {#Sec1} ============ Psoriasis is a chronic, _immune-mediated,_ _inflammatory_ skin disorder that is _currently_ incurable. Consequently, the majority of people with psoriasis require long-term treatment _to_ maintain disease control. Traditional immunosuppressive systemic treatments, _such_ as acitretin... |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Hypoxia is common after stroke, and associated with poor outcomes. In this article, we have reviewed the physiology of oxygen transport, the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia and pathophysiology, incidence and aetiology behind hypoxia in stroke and its subsequent clinical consequences. ... | background { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = hypoxia is prevalent after stroke, and associated with poor outcomes. in this article, we have reviewed the physiology of oxygen transport, the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia and pathophysiology, incidence and aetiology behind hypoxia in stroke and its subsequent clinical ... | Background {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = Hypoxia is common after stroke, and associated with poor outcomes. In this article, we have reviewed the physiology of oxygen transport, the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia and pathophysiology, incidence and aetiology behind hypoxia in stroke and its subsequent clinical conse... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Hypoxia is common stroke, and associated with poor outcomes. In this article, we have reviewed the physiology of oxygen transport, the cerebrovascular response to and pathophysiology, incidence aetiology behind hypoxia in stroke and its subsequent clinical consequences. We have then review... | BacKgrOuNd {#sEC1}
==========
hYpoXIA iS ComMON AfTER STrOkE, and aSsOCIated wiTh pOOR OuTcOMeS. iN ThIS ArTicLE, We have reviEWED ThE phySioloGy Of oXYGeN TRanspORt, the cErEbrOvAsculAr RESpoNSe to hypOXia AnD paTHOphySiOloGy, iNCIdenCe aNd aETIoloGy BehInD HyPOxIA In StrOkE aND ItS SUBSeQuenT cLinICal CoNSEquENcES. ... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Hypoxia is common afterstroke, andassociated with poor outcomes. In this article, we have reviewed the physiology of oxygen transport, the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia and pathophysiology, incidence and aetiology behind hypoxia in strokeand its subsequent clin... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Hypoxia is common after stroke, and associated with _poor_ outcomes. In this article, we have reviewed _the_ physiology _of_ oxygen _transport,_ the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia and pathophysiology, incidence and aetiology behind hypoxia _in_ stroke _and_ its _subsequent_ clinical c... |
Raw deep sequencing cannot be provided because these data are derived from patient samples. Because of the Minimum Necessary Requirement of the HIPAA Privacy Rule these data may not be deposited into a public repository. A Supporting Information File accompanying the submission contains the de-identified results and in... | raw deep sequencing cannot be provided because these data are derived from patient samples. because of the minimum necessary requirement of the hipaa privacy rule these data may not be deposited into a public domain. a supporting information file accompanying the submission allows the de - identified results and interp... | Raw deep sequencing cannot be provided because these data are derived from patient samples. Because of the Minimum Necessary Requirement of the HIPAA Privacy Rule these data may not be deposited into a public repository. A Supporting Information File accompanying the submission contains the de - identified results and ... | Raw deep sequencing cannot be provided because these data are derived from patient samples. Because of the Minimum Necessary Requirement the HIPAA Privacy Rule these data may not be deposited into a public repository. A Information accompanying the submission contains the de-identified results and interpretations of cl... | rAw deep SEquEnCiNg cANnoT Be PRovidEd BECAusE thEse DAtA aRe dERIvED FROm paTient sAMpLeS. beCausE of tHE miNImuM neCESsARy REquiREmenT OF THE hIPAa prIVACy Rule tHeSE DaTA MAy nOt BE DePOsited iNtO a PuBlIC rEposiTORy. A SupPortIng iNFoRmation FilE aCCOmpanyiNG ThE subMisSIon CoNTaiNS ThE dE-iDentiFIED ReSUlts aNd iN... | Raw deep sequencing cannot be provided because these data are derived from patient samples. Because of the Minimum Necessary Requirement of the HIPAA Privacy Rule these data may not bedeposited into a public repository. A Supporting Information File accompanying thesubmission contains the de-identified r... | _Raw_ deep sequencing cannot be provided _because_ these data are _derived_ from patient samples. Because of the Minimum _Necessary_ Requirement of the HIPAA Privacy Rule these data _may_ not be deposited into _a_ public repository. A _Supporting_ Information File accompanying the _submission_ contains the _de-identifi... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
All organisms live in environments that vary through time and such environmental heterogeneity can impose highly variable selection pressures on populations. In this situation, an allele may be beneficial during one environmental regime and subsequently deleterious during another. Such ... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = all organisms live in environments that vary through time and such environmental heterogeneity can impose highly variable selection pressures on populations. in this situation, an allele may be beneficial during one environmental regime while subsequently deleterious during... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = All organisms live in environments that vary through time and such environmental heterogeneity can impose highly variable selection pressures on populations. In this situation, an allele may be beneficial during one environmental regime and subsequemt;y deleterious during ano... | Introduction {#s1} ============ All organisms live in environments that vary through and such environmental heterogeneity can impose highly variable selection pressures on In this situation, allele may be beneficial during one environmental regime subsequently deleterious during Such an allele would be subject to burst... | iNtrOdUCTioN {#S1}
============
aLl OrgANISMs LIVe in EnVIRonmEnTS THAt VarY thROUgH tIME ANd sucH eNVIRoNmEntAL HeTErogeNeiTY cAn iMpOsE HiGhLy VaRIAbLe SELEctioN PREsSures On populATioNs. In THiS sITUaTioN, aN ALlElE may bE BEnEFiCIaL DUriNG One enVIrOnMENtAl ReGIMe aND SUbSEqUEnTly DELeterIOuS dURing anoTHer. suCh ... | Introduction{#s1}============ All organisms live in environmentsthat varythrough time and such environmental heterogeneity can impose highly variable selection pressures on populations.In this situation, an allele may be beneficial during one environmental regime and subsequently deleterious during anot... | Introduction {#s1} ============ All organisms live in environments that vary _through_ time and such environmental heterogeneity can impose highly _variable_ selection pressures on populations. _In_ this situation, an allele may _be_ beneficial during one environmental regime and subsequently deleterious during another... |
###### Strengths and limitations of this study
- The study data were obtained through a questionnaire carried out by face-to-face interviews. The youth were trained to obtain dietary diet from their parent and grandparent. They were accompanied by the research assistant during data collection.
- This study provid... | # # # # # # strengths and limitations of this study - the study data were extracted through a questionnaire carried out by face - to - face interviews. the youth were trained to obtain dietary diet from their parent and grandparent. they were accompanied by the research assistant during data collection. - this study pr... | # # # # # # Strengths and limitations of this study - The study data were obtained through a questionnaire carried out by face - to - face interviews. The youth were trained to obtain dietary diet from their parent and grandparent. They were accompanied by the research assistant duriHt data collection. - This study pro... | ###### and limitations of this study - The study data were through a questionnaire carried out by face-to-face interviews. The youth to obtain dietary diet from their parent and grandparent. They were accompanied by the research assistant during data collection. - This study provides important insights of differences i... | ###### stReNGThS ANd LimItATIonS OF ThiS StuDY
- tHe stUDY dATA Were OBtaINED tHrOUgH A QuesTIONnAIRe CaRried Out bY FaCe-TO-FAce INteRVIEws. The YOuth wErE TrAInED To OBTAIN DietAry DIet FRoM ThEIr PArENt aNd graNDPAREnt. ThEy weRe AcCOMpAnIEd by tHe Research aSSiStant duRInG datA collECTION.
- THIS sTudY PROVID... | ###### Strengths and limitations ofthis study - Thestudy datawere obtained through a questionnaire carried out by face-to-face interviews. The youth were trained to obtain dietary diet fromtheir parent andgrandparent. They were accompaniedbythe research assistant during data collection. - This studyprovidesi... | ###### Strengths and limitations of this study _-_ _The_ study _data_ were obtained through _a_ questionnaire carried out by face-to-face interviews. The youth were trained to obtain dietary diet from their parent and grandparent. They were accompanied _by_ _the_ research assistant during _data_ collection. - This stud... |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-00783}
===============
The decline in youth's healthy behaviors and related consequences \[[@B1-ijerph-17-00783]\] is of concern for public health in general and for national defense in particular, which requires a sufficient number of physically fit and mentally healthy military perso... | 1. introduction { # sec1 - ijerph - 17 - 00783 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the decline from youth ' s healthy behaviors and related consequences \ [ [ @ b1 - 17 - 17 - 00783 ] \ ] is of concern for public health in general and for active defense in particular, which requires a sufficient number of physically fit an... | 1. Introduction {# sec1 - ijerph - 17 - 00783} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = The decline in youth ' s healthy behaviors and related consequences \ [[ @ B1 - ijerph - 17 - 00783] \] is of concern for public health in general and for national defense in particular, which requires a sufficient number of physically fit and... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-00783} =============== decline in youth's healthy behaviors and related consequences \[[@B1-ijerph-17-00783]\] is of concern for public health in general and for national defense in particular, which requires a sufficient number of physically and healthy military personnel. In Lithuania... | 1. INTrODUctioN {#sec1-IjeRpH-17-00783}
===============
THe dEClIne IN yoUth's HealTHY behaviOrS And ReLaTed CONsEqUeNCes \[[@b1-iJeRPh-17-00783]\] iS Of ConcERN FoR PUBlIC Health in GENERAl AND FoR NaTiOnAl DEFenSE in paRticuLar, WhICh reqUIRes a SUfFicIeNt nuMbEr OF physiCaLly fit ANd meNtalLy heALthy miliTARY pERsO... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-00783} =============== The decline in youth's healthy behaviorsand related consequences \[[@B1-ijerph-17-00783]\]isof concern forpublic health in generaland fornational defense in particular, which requires a sufficientnumber of physically fit and mentally healt... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-00783} =============== The decline in _youth's_ healthy _behaviors_ _and_ related consequences \[[@B1-ijerph-17-00783]\] _is_ of concern for public health in general and _for_ _national_ defense in particular, _which_ requires a sufficient _number_ of physically fit and mentally _health... |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The prevalence of obesity in the general population has increased dramatically over the last 30 years and it seems likely that the environmental changes that have provoked these increases have also affected people with severe mental illness (SMI); in fact, the rates of overweight and obes... | background { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = the prevalence of obesity in the general population has increased dramatically over the last 30 years and it seems likely that the environmental changes that have provoked these increases have also affected people with severe mental illness ( smi ) ; in fact, the rates of overw... | Background {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = The prevalence of obesity in the general population has increased dramatically over the last 30 years and it seems likely that the environmental changes that have provoked these increases have also affected people with severe mental illness (SMI ); in fact, the rates of overweigh... | Background ========== The prevalence of obesity in the general population has increased dramatically over the last 30 years and it seems likely that the environmental changes that have provoked these increases have also affected with severe mental illness (SMI); in fact, the rates of and obesity have increased even mor... | BAcKgrOUNd {#seC1}
==========
THE pRevALeNCE of oBeSITy in tHe GENeral poPulatION HAS IncreASED DRAMatICALLy Over The LAST 30 yeArS And iT sEeMS lIkElY ThAT ThE EnvirOnmenTAl CHanges THAt hAve PrOVOked tHEse INCREAseS HaVE ALSO aFFEcTEd pEOPle WITH seVerE mEntaL iLLNesS (SmI); iN fAct, THe raTeS Of OveRweighT ANd obeS... | Background {#Sec1} ========== The prevalence ofobesity in the general populationhas increased dramatically overthe last 30 years and it seems likely that the environmental changes that have provoked theseincreases havealso affected people with severe mental illness (SMI); in fact, the ratesof o... | Background _{#Sec1}_ ========== _The_ prevalence _of_ obesity in the general population has _increased_ dramatically over _the_ last 30 years and it seems likely that the environmental changes that have provoked these increases have also affected people with severe _mental_ _illness_ (SMI); _in_ fact, the rates of over... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Traditionally, ecological and eco-evolutionary epidemiological models describe the dynamics of infectious diseases by considering susceptible, infected and recovered hosts with host-to-host, or host-environment-host transmission [@pone.0071621-Kermack1]--[@pone.0071621-Hudson1]. A numbe... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = traditionally, ecological and eco - evolutionary epidemiological models describe the dynamics of infectious diseases by considering susceptible, infected and recovered hosts with host - to - host, or host - environment - host transmission [ @ pone. 0071621 - kermack1 ] - - ... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Traditionally, ecological and eco - evolutionary epidemiological models describe the dynamics of infectious diseases by considering susceptible, infected and recovered hosts with host - to - host, or host - environment - host transmission [@ pone. 0071621 - Kermack1] - - [@ p... | Introduction {#s1} Traditionally, ecological and eco-evolutionary epidemiological models describe dynamics of infectious diseases considering susceptible, and recovered hosts with host-to-host, or transmission [@pone.0071621-Kermack1]--[@pone.0071621-Hudson1]. A number of modifications--such as seasonality [@pone.00716... | iNtRoDuCtIOn {#s1}
============
TRadiTioNAlLY, ECoLOgIcAL ANd EcO-EVoLUTiONARY ePidEMIoLogIcaL mOdELs dEscRiBE tHE DYnamicS of inFEcTIous DisEaSEs bY CoNSidERiNg SuScePtible, iNfectED aND rECovErEd hOsTS WitH HoST-To-HOST, OR HOsT-EnVIrOnmENt-HoST tRAnsmISSIOn [@PoNe.0071621-kERmacK1]--[@ponE.0071621-HudsON1]. a NuMBe... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Traditionally, ecological and eco-evolutionary epidemiological models describethe dynamics of infectiousdiseases by considering susceptible, infected and recovered hosts with host-to-host, or host-environment-host transmission [@pone.0071621-Kermack1]--[@pone.0071621-Hudson1]. ... | _Introduction_ {#s1} _============_ Traditionally, ecological and eco-evolutionary epidemiological _models_ _describe_ the dynamics of infectious diseases _by_ _considering_ susceptible, _infected_ and recovered hosts with host-to-host, or host-environment-host transmission [@pone.0071621-Kermack1]--[@pone.0071621-Huds... |
All coordinates and structure factor files are available from the PDB database (accession numbers: 6KR2 and 6KR3).
Introduction {#sec001}
============
The flaviviruses are a large group of positive-strand RNA viruses, including dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Zika virus ... | all coordinates and structure factor files are available from the pdb database ( sequence numbers : 6kr2 and 6kr3 ). introduction { # data } = = = = = = = = = = = = the flaviviruses are a large group of positive - strand rna viruses, including dengue virus ( denv ), west nile disease ( wnv ), japanese encephalitis viru... | All coordinates and structure factor files are available from the PDB database (accession numbers: 6KR2 and 6KR3 ). Introduction {# sec001} = = = = = = = = = = = = The flaviviruses are a large group of positive - strand RNA viruses, including dengue virus (DENV ), West Nile virus (WNV ), Japanese encephalitis virus (JE... | All and structure factor files are available the database (accession numbers: 6KR2 and 6KR3). Introduction {#sec001} ============ The are a large group of positive-strand RNA viruses, including dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), virus (JEV), Zika virus (ZIKV), tick-borne virus (TBEV), and Omsk hemorrhagic feve... | AlL coORDINATeS aND stRUCTure FaCtOr FiLes ARe avaILablE frOM tHE PDB DaTabasE (accEssioN nUMberS: 6Kr2 anD 6Kr3).
InTrodUCTIOn {#SeC001}
============
tHE fLaViVIRuSeS ARe a LarGE GrOup of posITivE-sTRAND Rna ViruSes, incLUDiNG DeNgue vIrUs (DenV), WeST NIle VirUS (Wnv), japaNESe ENCEPhALiTiS VirUs (JeV), zIKa ViRus ... | All coordinatesandstructurefactor files are available from thePDB database (accession numbers:6KR2and 6KR3). Introduction {#sec001} ============The flaviviruses are a large group of positive-strand RNA viruses, including denguevirus (DENV),West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (J... | _All_ coordinates _and_ structure factor files are available from _the_ PDB database _(accession_ _numbers:_ 6KR2 and 6KR3). Introduction {#sec001} ============ The flaviviruses are a large group _of_ positive-strand RNA _viruses,_ including dengue virus _(DENV),_ West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis _virus_ (J... |
1. Introduction
===============
The synthesis of metal sulfide nanocrystals has attracted much interest for both fundamental research and technological applications in the past decades \[[@B1-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B2-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B3-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B4-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B5-nanomateria... | 1. introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the synthesis of metal sulfide nanocrystals successfully attracted much interest for both fundamental research and technological applications in the past centuries \ [ [ @ b1 - nanomaterials - 02 - 02 ], [ @ b2 - nanomaterials - 02 - 00113 ], [ @ b3 - nanomaterials - 02 - 0... | 1. Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = The synthesis of metal sulfide nanocrystals has attracted much interest for both fundamental research and technological applications in the past decades \ [[ @ B1 - nanomaterials - 02 - 00113 ], [@ B2 - nanomaterials - 02 - 00113 ], [@ B3 - nanomaterials - 02 - 00113 ], [@ ... | 1. Introduction =============== synthesis of metal nanocrystals has attracted much interest for both fundamental research and technological applications in the past decades \[[@B1-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B2-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B3-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B4-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B5-nanomaterials-02-00113],... | 1. inTrOduCtion
===============
The SyNthESiS of MEtAL sULFIdE nanocRysTalS haS AtTRaCTEd MUch intErEsT For BOTH funDamENtal ReSEARCH anD tEchnoLOgICAL APPLicAtioNS in thE pAst dEcADeS \[[@B1-nanOMaterIalS-02-00113],[@B2-NaNOmateriALs-02-00113],[@B3-naNoMatERIALS-02-00113],[@B4-NaNOmAteRials-02-00113],[@b5-nANOmaTEria... | 1.Introduction =============== The synthesis of metalsulfide nanocrystals has attracted much interest for both fundamentalresearch and technological applications in the past decades \[[@B1-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B2-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B3-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B4-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B5-nanom... | 1. _Introduction_ =============== The synthesis of _metal_ sulfide nanocrystals has attracted much interest for both fundamental _research_ and technological applications in the past decades \[[@B1-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B2-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B3-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B4-nanomaterials-02-00113],[@B5-nanoma... |
Introduction
============
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), first reported in 1987 in the USA, is a global infectious disease that has resulted in widespread economic loss in the swine industry. PRRS is characterized by reproductive failure in pregnant sows (*e.g.* abortions and stillbirths), respi... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome ( prrs ), first reported in 1987 in the usa, is a global infectious disease that has resulted in widespread economic loss in the swine industry. prrs is explained by reproductive failure in pregnant sows ( * e. g. * abortions and stillbi... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS ), first reported in 1987 in the USA, is a global infectious disease that has resulted in widespread economic loss in the swine industry. PRRS is characterized by reproductive failure in pregnant sows (* e. g. * abortions and still... | Introduction ============ Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), reported in 1987 in the USA, is a global infectious disease that has in widespread economic loss in the swine industry. PRRS is characterized by reproductive failure in pregnant sows (*e.g.* abortions and stillbirths), respiratory distress ... | INTROdUctioN
============
PorCINe REProduCtiVe and REspiratORy syNdroME (PRRS), FiRST repoRted iN 1987 in tHe uSA, is A glObaL infEctiouS dISeaSe THat hAS resuLteD IN widESPRead econOMIC LOSs iN thE SwiNE induStry. prrS Is cHARacterized by REproDUCtive fAIlure in PrEGnANT SOwS (*e.g.* abORtiOns ANd sTiLlbIrThS), ResPI... | Introduction ============ Porcine reproductive andrespiratory syndrome (PRRS), first reported in 1987 in the USA, is a global infectious disease that has resulted inwidespread economic loss in theswine industry. PRRS is characterized by reproductive failure in pregnant sows (*e.g.* abortions and stillbirt... | Introduction ============ Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome _(PRRS),_ _first_ reported in 1987 in the _USA,_ is a global _infectious_ disease that _has_ _resulted_ in _widespread_ economic loss in the swine industry. _PRRS_ is characterized _by_ reproductive failure _in_ pregnant sows (*e.g.* abortions and ... |
Background
==========
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity. Molecular epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that globally, the most prevalent forms of HIV-1 are subtypes (clades) C, B and A \[[@B1]-[@B3]\]. Subtype C, which accounts for almost 50% of all HIV... | background = = = = = = = = = = human immunodeficiency virus type - 1 ( hiv - 1 ) is characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity. molecular epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that globally, his most prevalent forms of hiv - 1 are subtypes ( c ) c, b and a \ [ [ @ c1 ] - [ @ b3 ] \ ]. subtype c, which accounts ... | Background = = = = = = = = = = Human immunodeficiency virus type - 1 (HIV - 1) is characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity. Molecular epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that globally, the most prevalent forms of HIV - 1 are subtypes (clades) C, B and A \ [[ @ B1] - [@ B3] \ ]. Subtype C, which accounts for... | Background ========== Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 is characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity. Molecular epidemiologic studies have that globally, most forms of HIV-1 are subtypes (clades) C, B and A \[[@B1]-[@B3]\]. Subtype C, which accounts for almost 50% of all HIV-1 infections globally, predominates... | BaCkgrounD
==========
HUmAn ImmunOdEfICIeNCY viRUS Type-1 (hIV-1) iS chARaCtErized BY EXtEnSIVe GEnETic heTerogeNEIty. moLeculAr EpIdeMiolOgIc StUdIEs HAve DeMoNSTRAtEd thAt GLoBALLy, tHE MOst PrEvALent FOrms oF Hiv-1 ARe subTyPES (cLadES) c, B AnD A \[[@B1]-[@b3]\]. sUbTYPe c, wHiCH aCCouNTS foR ALMOst 50% oF aLL Hiv... | Background ========== Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity. Molecular epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that globally, the most prevalent forms of HIV-1 are subtypes (clades) C, B and A \[[@B1]-[@B3]\]. Subtype C,which accounts for al... | Background ========== Human _immunodeficiency_ virus type-1 (HIV-1) _is_ characterized by extensive _genetic_ heterogeneity. Molecular epidemiologic studies have demonstrated _that_ globally, _the_ most prevalent forms of HIV-1 are subtypes (clades) C, B and A \[[@B1]-[@B3]\]. Subtype C, which accounts for almost 50% o... |
Introduction
============
Myopia is the main cause of preventive blindness worldwide, especially in adolescents ([@B1], [@B2]). Thus, it is one of the main priorities among the five projects under the 'Vision 2020 Action' launched by WHO ([@B3]). In recent years, the incidence of myopia has increased rapidly worldwide... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = myopia is the main cause of preventive blindness worldwide, especially in adolescents ( [ @ b1 ], [ @ b2 ] ). thus, it remains one of the main priorities among the five projects under the ' vision 2020 action ' launched by schools ( [ @ b3 ] ). in recent years, the incidence of myop... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Myopia is the main cause of preventive blindness worldwide, especially in adolescents ([ @ B1 ], [@ B2] ). Thus, it is one of the main priorities aJpng the five projects under the ' Vision Q0E0 Action ' launched by WHO ([ @ B3] ). In recent years, the incidence of myopia has increas... | Introduction is the main cause of preventive blindness especially in adolescents ([@B1], [@B2]). Thus, it is the priorities among the five projects under 'Vision 2020 Action' launched by WHO ([@B3]). In recent years, the incidence of myopia has increased rapidly worldwide ([@B4]), especially among adolescents in East a... | iNtroDUCtIOn
============
MyoPiA IS thE maIN CaUsE OF PreVeNtive BLInDnESS woRLDWidE, esPECIalLy IN AdOlesCEnTs ([@b1], [@B2]). thuS, It iS OnE OF tHE MAin pRiOrIties aMoNG thE fIVe pROjEcts UnDeR tHE 'ViSIon 2020 aCTioN' LAUnCHed bY whO ([@b3]). iN reCeNt yEArs, ThE incideNCE OF mYOPIa HaS INCReAsEd rAPidlY wORlDWIde... | Introduction ============ Myopia is themain cause of preventiveblindnessworldwide, especially in adolescents ([@B1], [@B2]). Thus, it is one of the main priorities among the five projects underthe 'Vision 2020Action'launchedby WHO([@B3]). In recentyears,the incidence of myopia has increased rapid... | Introduction ============ _Myopia_ _is_ _the_ main cause of preventive blindness worldwide, especially in adolescents _([@B1],_ [@B2]). _Thus,_ it _is_ one _of_ the main _priorities_ among the five _projects_ under _the_ 'Vision 2020 Action' launched by WHO ([@B3]). In _recent_ years, the incidence of myopia has increa... |
Introduction
============
Resistin is a cysteine-rich protein, which is mainly secreted from monocytes and macrophages in humans ([@b1-or-40-06-3392]--[@b3-or-40-06-3392]). It is associated with inflammation and malignant neoplasms ([@b4-or-40-06-3392]--[@b5-or-40-06-3392]). Blood resistin levels are demonstrated to b... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = resistin is a cysteine - rich protein, which is mainly secreted from monocytes and macrophages in humans ( [ @ b1 - or - 40 - 06 - 3392 ] - - [ @ b3 - or - 40 - 09 - 3392 ] ). it is associated with inflammation and malignant neoplasms ( [ @ b4 - or - 40 - 06 - 3392 ] - - [ @ b5 - or... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Resistin is a cysRejne - rich protein, which is mainly secreted from monocytes and macrophages in humans ([ @ b1 - or - 40 - 06 - 3392] - - [@ b3 - or - 40 - 06 - 3392] ). It is aswoviated with inflammation and malignant neoplasms ([ @ b4 - or - 40 - 06 - 3392] - - [@ b5 - or - 40 -... | ============ Resistin is cysteine-rich protein, is mainly secreted from monocytes and macrophages in humans It is associated with inflammation and malignant neoplasms ([@b4-or-40-06-3392]--[@b5-or-40-06-3392]). Blood resistin levels are demonstrated be increased in certain cancer patients compared with healthy controls... | iNTROduCtIon
============
ReSiStiN Is a cYsTeINE-ricH PrOteIN, WhicH IS maiNlY sECReTED FrOm MONoCyteS And MaCrophAges In HUmANs ([@B1-or-40-06-3392]--[@B3-or-40-06-3392]). IT iS AsSoCIaTED WItH iNFlaMmATIoN aNd mALIgNAnt nEOPLASmS ([@b4-Or-40-06-3392]--[@b5-Or-40-06-3392]). BLOoD rEsIsTin LEvElS arE deMonsTrATED to b... | Introduction ============ Resistin isacysteine-rich protein, which is mainly secreted from monocytesand macrophages in humans ([@b1-or-40-06-3392]--[@b3-or-40-06-3392]). It is associated with inflammation and malignant neoplasms([@b4-or-40-06-3392]--[@b5-or-40-06-3392]). Blood resistin levelsare demonstrat... | Introduction ============ Resistin is a cysteine-rich protein, which is mainly secreted from monocytes and macrophages in humans ([@b1-or-40-06-3392]--[@b3-or-40-06-3392]). _It_ is associated with inflammation and malignant neoplasms ([@b4-or-40-06-3392]--[@b5-or-40-06-3392]). Blood _resistin_ levels are demonstrated t... |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
The main goal of periodontal treatment is to control the inflammation in periodontal tissues and to regenerate the lost tissues predictably. To meet this goal it is critical to guide the tissues capable of regeneration.\[[@ref1][@ref2][@ref3]\] Guided tissue regeneration is an accep... | introduction { # sec1 - 1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = the main goal of periodontal treatment is to control the inflammation in periodontal tissues and to regenerate the lost tissues predictably. to meet this goal it is critical to guide the tissues capable of regeneration. \ [ [ @ ref1 ] [ @ ref2 ] [ @ ref3 ] \ ] guided ... | INTRODUCTION {# sec1 - 1} = = = = = = = = = = = = The main goal of periodontal treatment is to control the inflammation in periodontal tissues and to regenerate the lost tissues predictably. To meet this goal it is critical to guide the tissues capable of regeneration. \ [[ @ ref1] [@ ref2] [@ ref3] \] Guided tissue re... | INTRODUCTION The main goal of periodontal treatment is control the inflammation in periodontal tissues and to regenerate lost predictably. To meet this goal it is critical to guide the tissues capable of regeneration.\[[@ref1][@ref2][@ref3]\] tissue regeneration is an accepted method for enhancement of lost periodontal... | inTRoDuctiOn {#sec1-1}
============
ThE MaiN GoAl oF PerIoDOnTAL treaTmEnt Is to COntrOl thE iNFlamMAtiOn in pErIODoNtAL tIssues aNd to rEgenERaTE the LOST tiSsUES prEDIcTaBLY. TO MEet thIS GOaL it IS cRiTIcAl tO GuidE thE TISSues capAbLe Of RegeneRATiON.\[[@ReF1][@rEf2][@ReF3]\] GUIDEd tissue rEgENERatiOn iS AN aCCEP... | INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1} ============ The maingoal of periodontal treatment is to control the inflammation in periodontal tissues andto regenerate the losttissues predictably. Tomeet this goal it is critical to guide the tissues capable of regeneration.\[[@ref1][@ref2][@ref3]\] Guided tissue regenerati... | INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1} ============ The main goal of _periodontal_ treatment is to control the inflammation in _periodontal_ tissues and to regenerate the lost tissues predictably. _To_ meet _this_ _goal_ it is _critical_ to _guide_ the tissues capable of _regeneration.\[[@ref1][@ref2][@ref3]\]_ Guided _tissue_ _regene... |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a relatively infrequent but potentially fatal complication of pulmonary resection. BPF can be divided into peripheral or central, based on the location of the leakage, and BPF occurs in about 1.5 to 28 % of pneumonectomy cases, and is associated with high d... | background { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = bronchopleural fistula ( bpf ) is a relatively infrequent but potentially fatal complication of pulmonary resection. bpf can be divided into peripheral or respiratory, based on the location of the leakage, and bpf occurs in about 1. 5 to 28 % of pneumonectomy cases, which is as... | Background {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a relatively infrequent but potentially fatal complication of pulmonary resection. BPF can be divided into peripheral or central, based on the location of the leakage, and BPF occurs in about 1. 5 to 28% of pneumonectomy cases, and is associated wi... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a relatively infrequent but potentially fatal of pulmonary resection. BPF can be divided into peripheral or central, based on the location of the leakage, BPF occurs in about 1.5 to 28 % of pneumonectomy cases, and associated with high rate \[[@CR9], [@CR30]... | BAcKGRound {#SEc1}
==========
bRONCHoPleural FistuLA (BPf) IS a rELaTIVeLy iNfReQUEnt BUt pOTEnTiAllY Fatal COMPLiCatiOn OF PulmOnaRY rESEction. bPF cAN be dIVIDEd iNto peRIPHeRAl Or CentRal, BaSEd ON THE loCation OF THE LEAkaGe, aND BPF OcCUrS in ABOut 1.5 to 28 % OF pneUMONectOMY caseS, ANd IS AssocIated with HIGH D... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Bronchopleuralfistula (BPF) is a relativelyinfrequentbutpotentially fatal complication of pulmonary resection. BPF can be dividedinto peripheral or central, based on the location of the leakage, and BPF occurs in about 1.5 to 28 % of pneumonectomycases,and is associated... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) _is_ a _relatively_ infrequent but _potentially_ fatal complication of pulmonary _resection._ BPF can be _divided_ into peripheral or central, based on _the_ _location_ of the leakage, and _BPF_ _occurs_ in about 1.5 to _28_ % of pneumonectomy _cases,_ and _is_... |
The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research a... | the content published in cureus is the result of clinical experience and / or research by relevant individuals or organizations. cureus is primarily responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. all content published within cureus is intended only for educational, resea... | The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and / or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended Ln>y for educational, research... | The content published in Cureus the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for scientific accuracy or reliability data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research and referen... | thE cONTENT puBLiSHeD iN cUrEuS IS ThE ReSuLT of clinIcal ExpERiENCE aND/OR RESEArch by IndEpENdEnT IndIvIdUals Or orgANizATIoNs. CUreuS is NoT reSPoNSIBlE For tHe sCIenTiFic ACcuRAcY or rELIabilitY OF DAtA Or CONclUsIoNs pUbLIshed herEIN. aLl conTenT PuBlISHed WIthIn CUrEUs IS INtEnDeD onLY FoR EduCATIoNAl, REseARcH A... | Thecontent published in Cureusis the result of clinical experience and/or research byindependent individuals or organizations.Cureusis not responsible forthescientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. Allcontentpublished within Cureusisintended only for educational, rese... | The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or _organizations._ _Cureus_ is not responsible for _the_ scientific _accuracy_ _or_ reliability _of_ data or conclusions published _herein._ All _content_ published within Cureus is intended only for _educat... |
All relevant data are within the the paper and its Supporting Information file.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
There is strong evidence that insufficient physical activity (PA) is associated with increased risk of developing lifestyle-related diseases and premature death \[[@pone.0175190.ref001]\]. Metabolic syn... | all relevant data are within the the paper and clinical supporting information file. introduction { # sec001 } = = = = = = = = = = = = there is strong evidence that insufficient physical activity ( pa ) is associated with increased risk of developing lifestyle - related diseases and premature death \ [ [ @ pone. 017519... | All relevant data are within the the paper and its Supporting Information file. Introduction {# sec001} = = = = = = = = = = = = There is strong evidence that insufficient physical activity (PA) is associated with increased risk of developing lifestyle - related diseases and premature death \ [[ @ pone. 0175190. ref001]... | All relevant data are within the the paper and its Supporting Information file. Introduction {#sec001} ============ is strong evidence physical activity (PA) is associated with increased risk of developing lifestyle-related diseases and premature death \[[@pone.0175190.ref001]\]. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not consis... | AlL RELevANT DaTa arE wiThin ThE tHe paPer aNd ITS suPpoRTiNG inFoRmAtioN FILE.
inTRODUcTioN {#SEc001}
============
thEre Is sTRONG EVIdENCE THAt INsuFFiCIeNt pHYSIcAL ActiVity (PA) is ASsOCiaTED wiTH INCreAsed risK oF dEVeloPing LiFestyle-RELatED disEaSEs ANd premAtURE DEaTH \[[@poNe.0175190.reF001]\]. MetaBoliC Syn... | All relevant data are within the the paper and its SupportingInformationfile. Introduction {#sec001} ============ There is strongevidence thatinsufficient physical activity (PA) is associated withincreased risk of developing lifestyle-relateddiseases and premature death \[[@pone.0175190.ref001]\... | All relevant data are within the the paper and _its_ _Supporting_ Information file. Introduction {#sec001} ============ _There_ is strong evidence that insufficient _physical_ activity (PA) is _associated_ _with_ increased risk of developing lifestyle-related _diseases_ and premature _death_ \[[@pone.0175190.ref001]\].... |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Human saliva is the complex fluid secreted by major and minor salivary glands. Saliva secretion is under the control of the autonomic nervous system. The three major salivary glands are parotid, sublingual and submandibular. Human saliva consists of water, glycoproteins, enzyme... | 1. introduction { # s0005 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = human saliva is very complex fluid secreted by major and minor salivary glands. saliva secretion is under the control of the autonomic nervous system. the three constituent salivary glands are parotid, seminal and submandibular. human saliva consists of water, g... | 1. Introduction {# x000T} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Human saliva is the complex fluid secreted by major and minor salivary glands. Saliva secretion is under the control of the autonomic nervous system. The three major salivary glands are parotid, sublingual and submandibular. Human saliva consists of water, glycopr... | Introduction =============== Human saliva is the complex fluid secreted by major and salivary glands. is under the control of the autonomic nervous system. The three major salivary glands are parotid, sublingual and submandibular. Human saliva consists of water, glycoproteins, enzymes, antimicrobial substances and elec... | 1. inTroDUctiOn {#S0005}
===============
HUMAn SaLIVA iS the complex fluId SECRETED BY mAJoR And MiNoR SALiVARY GlandS. SAliva SECreTion Is UndeR thE ContrOL OF the AUtOnOmiC NervOUS SyStEM. the THree major SalIVaRY GLaNDs ARE parotid, SUBlINgUal anD SUbMandibUlAR. HumaN saLiVa cOnsiStS OF WAtEr, glyCopRoTeiNS, ENzyMe... | 1. Introduction {#s0005} =============== Human salivais the complex fluid secreted by major and minor salivary glands. Saliva secretion is underthe control of the autonomic nervous system. Thethree major salivary glands are parotid, sublingualand submandibular. Human saliva consistsof water, glycoproteins,... | 1. Introduction {#s0005} =============== Human saliva _is_ the complex fluid secreted by major and minor salivary _glands._ Saliva secretion _is_ under _the_ _control_ of the _autonomic_ nervous system. _The_ three major salivary glands are parotid, sublingual _and_ _submandibular._ Human saliva consists _of_ water, gl... |
1.. INTRODUCTION
================
The pattern of stresses transferred to the bone have great influence on the success or failure of an orthopedic implant. The evaluation of bone stresses is so complex that it cannot be accomplished analytically, necessitating the application of FEA (Finite Element Analysis) techniques... | 1.. introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the pattern of stresses transferred to the bone have great influence on the success or failure of an orthopedic implant. the configuration of bone structures is so complex that that cannot be accomplished analytically, necessitating the application of fea ( finite elemen... | 1. . INTRODUCTION = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = The pattern of stresses transferred to the bone have great influence on the success or failure of an orthopedic implant. The evaluation of bone stresses is so complex that it cannot be accomplished anSljtically, necessitating the application of FEA (Finite Element Analy... | 1.. INTRODUCTION ================ The pattern of stresses transferred to the bone have great on the success or failure of an orthopedic implant. The evaluation bone is so complex that it cannot be accomplished necessitating of FEA (Finite Element techniques; three types of FE model, axisymmetric, bi-dimensional and thr... | 1.. iNTroDuCtioN
================
thE pAtTERN Of strESses tRansfeRreD TO The bOnE HaVe GReaT inFLueNCe ON tHe suCcesS oR fAiLurE OF an OrThopediC ImPLANT. THE EVAluatiOn Of bOne sTRessEs iS SO COMplEx ThaT IT cANnOT be ACcOmplIshEd aNAlYticALLY, NECeSSiTaTing THe APpLICaTIOn oF fEa (FinITe ELeMent aNaLysis) TEChNiques... | 1.. INTRODUCTION ================ The pattern of stresses transferred to the bone have great influence onthe success or failure of an orthopedic implant.The evaluation of bone stresses is socomplex that it cannot be accomplished analytically,necessitating the application of FEA(FiniteElement Ana... | 1.. INTRODUCTION ================ The pattern of stresses transferred to the bone have great _influence_ on _the_ _success_ or _failure_ of _an_ orthopedic implant. The evaluation of bone stresses _is_ so complex that it cannot _be_ _accomplished_ analytically, _necessitating_ the application of FEA (Finite Element Ana... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Iron (Fe) deficiency is among the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies in humans. Since plants constitute the primary source of nutrients for a large part of the world's population, the improvement of plants in terms of nutrient bioavailability is considered a priority [@pone.00992... | introduction { # → } = = = = = = = = = = = = iron ( fe ) deficiency is among the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies in humans. since plants constitute the primary supply of phosphorus for a large part of the world ' s population, the improvement of plants in terms of nutrient bioavailability is considered a prio... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Iron (Fe) deficiency is among the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies in humans. Since plants constitute the primary source of nutrients for a large part of the world ' s population, the improvement of plants in terms of nutrient bioavailability is considered a priority... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Iron (Fe) deficiency is among the most micronutrient deficiencies in humans. Since plants constitute primary of nutrients a large part of the world's population, the of plants in terms of nutrient is considered a [@pone.0099234-deBenoist1]. Micronutrients like Fe are often present in an ... | iNTRODucTiOn {#s1}
============
iroN (fE) DEFICiEncY iS AmOng ThE MosT pReValENt MiCRonuTriENT DEfIcieNCiES IN HUmANS. SincE PLanTS ConsTItuTE The PrIMARy sOuRce OF nuTRiENTs FoR A laRge pArT OF tHE woRlD's PopuLATiOn, tHe improvEMEnT oF PLANTs IN tErmS OF nuTRIeNT biOavaIlabILITY is cONsidEREd a pRioRitY [@poNe.00992... | Introduction {#s1} ============Iron (Fe) deficiency is amongthe most prevalentmicronutrient deficiencies in humans. Sinceplants constitute the primary sourceof nutrients for a large partof the world's population, the improvement of plants in terms of nutrient bioavailability is considered a priority [@pon... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Iron _(Fe)_ deficiency is among _the_ most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies in humans. Since plants constitute the _primary_ source of _nutrients_ _for_ _a_ _large_ part of the world's population, _the_ _improvement_ of plants in terms of nutrient bioavailability is considered a _pri... |
Introduction
============
RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly efficient gene-silencing mechanism in which a small interfering RNA (siRNA) binds a target mRNA, guiding mRNA cleavage via an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).^[@bib1],[@bib2]^ This biological phenomenon is widely used as a genetic tool in biomedical re... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = genetic interference ( rnai ) — one highly efficient gene - silencing mechanism in which a small interfering rna ( sirna ) binds a target genes, guiding mrna cleavage via an rna - induced silencing complex ( risc ). ^ [ @ bib1 ], [ @ bib2 ] ^ this biological phenomenon is widely use... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly efficient gene - silencing mechanism in which a small interfering RNA (siRNA) binds a target mRNA, guiding mRNA cleavage via an RNA - induced silencing complex (RISC ). ^ [@ bib1 ], [@ bib2] ^ This biological phenomenon is widely used as a genetic... | Introduction ============ RNA interference (RNAi) is a efficient mechanism in which a small interfering RNA binds a target mRNA, guiding cleavage via an RNA-induced complex (RISC).^[@bib1],[@bib2]^ This biological phenomenon is widely used as a genetic biomedical research. Advances in RNA chemistry have expanded siRNA ... | IntRoduCTiON
============
RNA InTErfEreNcE (rnAI) Is A hIgHlY EffiCIENt genE-SIleNCInG MEChANisM IN WhIch a SmalL iNTErFERinG RNA (SiRNa) BiNDS a TaRGet Mrna, GUIDING mrna cLeAVAgE VIa AN rNa-inDUCeD SiLencINg cOMPLEx (RISc).^[@bib1],[@BIB2]^ tHIs bIOlOGiCal PHeNomenoN IS WIDeLY USeD As a geNEtiC tOoL In bIOMeDicAL re... | Introduction ============ RNA interference (RNAi) is ahighly efficient gene-silencing mechanism in which a small interfering RNA (siRNA) binds a target mRNA,guiding mRNA cleavage via an RNA-induced silencingcomplex (RISC).^[@bib1],[@bib2]^ This biological phenomenon is widely used as a genetic tool in... | _Introduction_ ============ RNA interference (RNAi) is _a_ highly efficient gene-silencing mechanism in which a small _interfering_ RNA (siRNA) binds a target _mRNA,_ guiding mRNA cleavage via _an_ _RNA-induced_ silencing complex _(RISC).^[@bib1],[@bib2]^_ This biological phenomenon is widely used as a _genetic_ tool i... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Immunity is essential for survival, yet energetically expensive and potentially self-damaging. The immune system needs to be tightly regulated and highly responsive to changes in external and internal environments, adapting to developmental stage [@ppat.1003720-Kollmann1], nutritional s... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = immunity is essential for survival, yet energetically expensive and potentially self - damaging. the immune system needs to be tightly regulated and highly responsive to changes in external and internal environments, adapting to developmental stage [ @ ppat. 1003720 - kollm... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Immunity is essential for survival, yet energetically expensive and potentially self - damaging. The immune system needs to be tightly regulated and highly responsive to changes in external and internal environments, adapting to developmental stage [@ ppat. 1003720 - Kollmann... | {#s1} ============ Immunity is essential survival, yet energetically expensive and potentially self-damaging. The immune system needs to be tightly regulated highly responsive to changes in external and internal environments, adapting developmental stage [@ppat.1003720-Kollmann1], nutritional state [@ppat.1003720-Becke... | InTRODUcTIOn {#s1}
============
IMMUNITy Is EsSeNtIaL foR sURvivAl, yET enErGeTIcAlLY expenSIVe ANd poTENtialLY SELf-DaMAgINg. tHE IMMune syStem NEeDs to be TiGHTLY ReGUlaTED aNd hIGhLY rEsPONSIve tO changeS IN exteRNAl AND iNternal ENVIrOnMENtS, ADapTiNG to deVelOPmeNTAl sTagE [@PpaT.1003720-kOllmanN1], NUtritIonAL S... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Immunity is essential for survival,yet energetically expensive and potentially self-damaging.The immune system needs to be tightly regulated and highly responsive tochangesinexternaland internal environments, adaptingto developmental stage [@ppat.1003720-Kollmann1], nutri... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Immunity is _essential_ for survival, yet energetically expensive and potentially self-damaging. _The_ immune system needs _to_ be tightly regulated and highly responsive to _changes_ _in_ external and _internal_ environments, adapting to developmental stage [@ppat.1003720-Kollmann1], _n... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the pathogenic species, *Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)*; together with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) infection, TB is among the most prevalent and severe of the infectious diseases worldwide. In 2019, an estimated 10 million people developed a... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = tuberculosis ( tb ) is caused by the pathogenic species, * mycobacterium tuberculosis ( mtb ) * ; together with human immunodeficiency syndrome ( hiv / aids ) infection, tb is among the most prevalent and severe of the infectious diseases worldwide. in 2019, an estimated 10... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the pathogenic species, * Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) *; together with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV / AIDS) infection, TB is among the most prevalent and severe of the infectious diseases worldwide. In 2019, an estimated 10 million peo... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the pathogenic species, *Mycobacterium tuberculosis together with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) infection, TB among the most prevalent and severe the infectious diseases worldwide. In 2019, an estimated people active tuberculosis in association wi... | iNTroductION {#s1}
============
tUbeRcuLOsiS (Tb) IS cAused BY tHe PATHOGeNiC SPeCIes, *mycOBACteRiUm TUbERcuLOSiS (mtb)*; tOGeTher wITh HUmAn ImMuNOdEFiCIENcY VIRuS (hIV/Aids) INfECtiOn, TB is AmOng thE mOsT PrEvAlEnT and SEVeRe Of tHe InfeCTiOUS dIseaSes WoRldwide. in 2019, aN esTimateD 10 milLion PeOpLe DEVELOPED a... | Introduction {#s1} ============Tuberculosis (TB) is caused bythe pathogenic species, *Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)*;together with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) infection, TB is amongthe most prevalent and severe of the infectiousdiseases worldwide.In 2019, an estimated 10 milli... | Introduction {#s1} _============_ Tuberculosis (TB) _is_ caused by the _pathogenic_ species, *Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)*; _together_ with human _immunodeficiency_ _virus_ (HIV/AIDS) infection, TB is among the most prevalent and severe of the infectious diseases worldwide. _In_ 2019, an estimated 10 million peopl... |
There are errors in the Funding section. The correct funding information is as follows: This study was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award number K08CA155035 and the Melanoma Research Alliance. The authors are also grateful to Timothy Dattels for his generous supp... | below exist entries in the funding section. the correct funding information is as follows : this study was supported at the national cancer institute of the national board of health under award age 66 and the melanoma research alliance. these authors are also grateful to timothy dattels for his generous scholarship. th... | There are errors in the Funding xectioj. The correct funding information is as follows: This study was euppotted by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under x@ard number K08CA155035 and the Melanoma Research Al?iaGce. The authKrx are also grateful to Tin*thy Dattels for his geJeroux supp... | There are errors in the section. The correct funding information is as follows: This study was supported by the National Cancer the National Institutes of Health under award number K08CA155035 and the Melanoma Research Alliance. The authors are also grateful to Timothy Dattels his generous support. The funders had no r... | there ARE erRoRS IN The fUnDiNG sEction. tHE CoRRect FundiNg INFORmaTION Is aS FOlLoWs: thIs STUDy wAs sUppoRtEd bY THe NATional caNCER iNStituTE OF tHE NATIOnAL iNStiTuteS Of HealTh UNdEr AWaRD NUMBEr k08Ca155035 AND thE mElANoMA rESeaRCH alliAnce. the AUThors are aLsO gRATEFUl to TimotHY datTels FoR HIS GENEROus sUPP... | There areerrors in the Fundingsection.The correct funding information is asfollows: This study was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under awardnumber K08CA155035 and the Melanoma ResearchAlliance.The authors are also gratefulto TimothyDattelsfor his gener... | _There_ are _errors_ in _the_ Funding section. The correct funding _information_ is as follows: This study was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the _National_ _Institutes_ of Health under award number K08CA155035 and the Melanoma Research Alliance. _The_ _authors_ are _also_ grateful to Timothy Dattels _fo... |
Introduction
============
Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine metabolic disease estimated to affect 629 million individuals in 2045 according to the International Diabetes Federation. T2DM is the extremely prevalent form of diabetes that accounts for 90% of diagnosed cases and is associated with insulin resistance... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine metabolic disorder estimated to affect 629 million individuals in 2045 according online the international diabetes federation. t2dm is the extremely prevalent form of diabetes that accounts around 90 % of diagnosed cases and is associated with... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine metabolic disease estimated to affect 629 million individuals in 2045 according to the International Diabetes Federation. T2DM is the extremely prevalent form of diabetes that accounts for 90% of diagnosed cases and is associated with insulin ... | Introduction ============ Diabetes mellitus is endocrine metabolic disease estimated to affect 629 million in 2045 according to the International Diabetes Federation. T2DM is the extremely prevalent form of diabetes that accounts for 90% of diagnosed cases and is associated insulin resistance and hyperglycemia ([@B13])... | INtroDUCtiOn
============
diabETeS mELliTus Is a COmmON eNDOCRINe mETABoLIc DiseASe esTiMAteD to AffEcT 629 MILlION InDiVIDUaLS In 2045 aCcorDiNG tO the InTERnATionaL DiABEtes fEdEratioN. T2DM is thE EXTREMeLY prEvALEnt ForM OF DiabEtes THaT accouNTS FoR 90% OF dIAgnOSED CaSEs ANd iS associatEd WiTh iNSUlin ReSiStANce... | Introduction============ Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine metabolic disease estimated to affect 629 million individuals in2045 according tothe International Diabetes Federation. T2DM is the extremely prevalent form of diabetes that accountsfor 90% of diagnosedcases andis associated with insulin r... | Introduction ============ Diabetes _mellitus_ is _a_ common endocrine _metabolic_ disease estimated to affect 629 million individuals in 2045 according to the International Diabetes Federation. T2DM is the extremely prevalent _form_ of diabetes _that_ accounts for 90% of diagnosed _cases_ and is _associated_ _with_ _in... |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
In contrast to bulk silver, nanometric silver materials exhibit many extraordinary properties such as a high surface-to-volume ratio,^[@ref1],[@ref2]^ quantum tunneling effects,^[@ref3],[@ref4]^ an abundance of free electrons,^[@ref5]^ surface plasmon resonance,^[@ref2],[@ref6]−[@ref8... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = in contrast to bulk silver, nanometric silver materials exhibit many extraordinary properties such as a high surface - to - volume ratio, ^ [ @ ref1 ], [ @ ref2 ] ^ quantum tunneling effects, ^ [ @ 28 ], [ @ ref4 ] ^ an abundance of free electrons, ^ [ @ ref5 ] ^ surface ... | Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = In contrast to bulk silver, nanometric silver materials exhibit many extraordinary properties such as a high surface - to - volume ratio, ^ [@ ref1 ], [@ ref2] ^ quantum tunneling effects, ^ [@ ref3 ], [@ ref4] ^ an abundance of free electrons, ^ [@ ref5] ^ surface plasmon ... | Introduction {#sec1} ============ In contrast to bulk silver, nanometric silver materials exhibit many extraordinary properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio,^[@ref1],[@ref2]^ quantum an abundance of free electrons,^[@ref5]^ surface plasmon resonance,^[@ref2],[@ref6]−[@ref8]^ and antibacterial behaviors.^[@ref9]... | INTROdUCTIoN {#SEc1}
============
iN coNTrASt To buLk sILvEr, NanOMETrIC SILvEr MatERials eXHibiT mANy EXTrAordInaRy prOpeRtiEs suCH As a higH SUrFacE-to-VoLUMe RATio,^[@rEf1],[@Ref2]^ qUANtuM tUnneLInG eFfECTS,^[@Ref3],[@Ref4]^ AN AbuNdance oF FreE ElECTrons,^[@rEf5]^ SURFaCE PLAsmOn reSonANCE,^[@rEF2],[@REf6]−[@reF8... | Introduction{#sec1} ============ In contrast to bulk silver, nanometric silver materials exhibit many extraordinary properties suchas a high surface-to-volume ratio,^[@ref1],[@ref2]^ quantum tunneling effects,^[@ref3],[@ref4]^ an abundance of freeelectrons,^[@ref5]^ surface plasmon resonance,^[@ref2],[@ref6]−[@... | Introduction _{#sec1}_ ============ In _contrast_ _to_ _bulk_ silver, nanometric silver materials exhibit many _extraordinary_ properties _such_ as _a_ high surface-to-volume ratio,^[@ref1],[@ref2]^ quantum tunneling effects,^[@ref3],[@ref4]^ an abundance of _free_ electrons,^[@ref5]^ surface plasmon _resonance,^[@ref2... |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Whilst oncogenesis is driven by a multitude of complex, non-programmed molecular events, there are a number of key features of this process, not least of which is the aberrant activation of genes that would normally be silenced in a given tissue context \[[@R1]\]. The so called cancer/t... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = whilst oncogenesis is accompanied by a multitude of complex, non - programmed molecular events, there are a number of key features of this process, not least of which is the aberrant activation of genes however would normally be silenced in a given tissue context \ [ [ @ r1... | INTRODUCTION {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Whilst oncogenesis is driven by a multitude of complex, non - programmed molecular events, there are a number of key geatuges of this process, not least of which is the aberrant activation of genes that would normally be silenced in a given tissue context \ [[ @ R1] \ ]. The ... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ is driven by a multitude of complex, non-programmed molecular events, there are a number of key of process, not least of is the aberrant activation of genes that normally in a given tissue \[[@R1]\]. The so called (CT) or cancer germline (CG) genes are one such group of genes frequently ... | INtRodUCtiON {#s1}
============
whILsT oNCOgeNeSis iS DrIVEN By A MuLTitude of COmPLEX, noN-prOGRAMmED MoLEcULar EvENTs, TheRE Are A nUMber OF key featuReS of tHIS Process, noT LeaST of whIch is thE ABerraNT ActIvAtiON OF GEnes That WOULd nOrMaLLy bE SilencEd in A giveN tISSue cONTEXt \[[@r1]\]. thE SO CAllEd canCEr/t... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ Whilst oncogenesis is drivenbya multitude of complex, non-programmed molecular events, there are anumber of key features of thisprocess, not least of which isthe aberrantactivation of genes that would normally be silenced in a given tissue context \[[@R1]\].The so called cancer/test... | _INTRODUCTION_ {#s1} ============ _Whilst_ oncogenesis is _driven_ by a multitude of complex, non-programmed molecular events, there are a number _of_ _key_ features of this process, not least _of_ which is the _aberrant_ activation _of_ genes that would normally be _silenced_ in _a_ _given_ tissue context \[[@R1]\]. _... |
Introduction
============
Gingival reactive lesions like pyogenic granuloma have frequent occurrence around natural dentition, however, their association with dental implants is not common. The causes of pyogenic granuloma (PG) in relation to dental implants are not clear mainly due to few published cases ([@B1]-[@B8]... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = gingival reactive lesions like pyogenic granuloma have frequent occurrence around natural dentition, however, their association with dental implants is not common. the causes of plaque fungi ( pg ) in relation to dental implants are not clear mainly due to few published cases ( [ @ ... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Gingival reactive lesions like pyogenic granuloma have frequent occurrence around natural dentition, however, their association with dental implants is not common. The causes of pyogenic granuloma (PG) in relation to dental implants are not clear mainly due to few published cases ([... | Introduction ============ Gingival reactive lesions like pyogenic granuloma frequent occurrence natural dentition, however, association with dental implants is not common. The causes of pyogenic granuloma (PG) in relation to dental implants are not clear mainly due to few published cases Tooth-related PG is a result of... | IntRODuctiOn
============
GiNGivaL REaCTIVE LeSioNs lIKe PyOgENIC GRanulOma havE fRequeNT OccUrrencE AROUND natURAL DenTITIOn, however, theIR ASsoCiatiON wItH DeNtaL iMpLanTS IS NoT coMmoN. thE CAuSeS Of PyogeNic GraNUlomA (Pg) iN RELATIon to DENTal implAnTS aRe nOt CLEAR maiNLY DuE to feW pUbliSHEd caSEs ([@B1]-[@B8]... | Introduction ============ Gingival reactive lesionslike pyogenicgranuloma have frequent occurrence aroundnatural dentition,however, their association with dental implants is not common. The causes of pyogenic granuloma (PG) in relation todental implantsare not clear mainlydue to few publishedcases ([@B1]-[@B8]). ... | Introduction ============ Gingival reactive lesions _like_ _pyogenic_ _granuloma_ have frequent _occurrence_ around natural _dentition,_ _however,_ their association _with_ dental implants is not common. _The_ causes of pyogenic _granuloma_ (PG) in relation to dental implants _are_ _not_ clear mainly due to few publish... |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
In total hip arthroplasty (THA), optimum component position is critical for long-term success of the operation by decreasing rates of wear, aseptic loosening, and dislocation \[[@bib1], [@bib2], [@bib3], [@bib4]\]. Recognizing the importance of acetabular component position, Lewinnek ... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = in total arterial arthroplasty ( tha ), optimum component position is critical for long - term success of the operation by decreasing rates of wear, aseptic loosening, and dislocation \ [ [ @ bib1 ], [ @ bib2 ], [ @ bib3 ], [ @ bib4 ] \ ]. recognizing the importance of ac... | Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = In total hip arthroplasty (THA ), optimum component position is critical for long - term success of the operation by decreasing rates of wear, aseptic loosening, and dislocation \ [[ @ bib1 ], [@ bib2 ], [@ bOb@ ], [@ bib4] \ ]. Recognizing the importance of acetabular comp... | {#sec1} In total hip arthroplasty (THA), component position is critical for long-term success of the operation by decreasing rates of wear, loosening, and dislocation \[[@bib1], [@bib2], [@bib3], [@bib4]\]. Recognizing the importance acetabular component position, Lewinnek et al a "safe of 5° to 25° for anteversion and... | iNTRODUctIOn {#Sec1}
============
IN tOtaL HIp ArtHROplaSTy (Tha), OptIMuM cOMpoNent POSitioN is cRitICaL FOR loNG-TERm SuccESS OF tHe opErATioN BY DeCREAsiNg RAteS of WeAR, aSePTic LoOSEnINg, aNd DiSloCation \[[@BIB1], [@BIB2], [@BiB3], [@bib4]\]. recogNiziNG THe IMpOrTANce OF aCETAbuLAR CompONeNt pOSition, lEwinnek ... | Introduction{#sec1} ============ In total hip arthroplasty(THA), optimum component position iscritical for long-term success of the operation by decreasing ratesof wear, aseptic loosening, anddislocation \[[@bib1], [@bib2], [@bib3], [@bib4]\]. Recognizing the importanceof acetabular component position, Lewinne... | Introduction {#sec1} ============ In total hip arthroplasty (THA), optimum component position _is_ critical for long-term success of the operation _by_ decreasing rates of wear, aseptic loosening, and _dislocation_ \[[@bib1], _[@bib2],_ _[@bib3],_ [@bib4]\]. Recognizing the importance of acetabular component position, ... |
1. Historical Origins {#sec1-viruses-12-00132}
=====================
At a meeting of the Fellows of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany in Cambridge, UK, on 14 November 1924, Dr. Redcliffe Salaman gave a lecture entitled "Degeneration of the Potato---An Urgent Problem" \[[@B1-viruses-12-00132]\]. He reported... | 1. historical origins { # sec1 - viruses - 12 - 00132 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = at a meeting of the fellows of the national institute of rural botany in cambridge, uk, on 14 november 1924, dr. redcliffe salaman gave a lecture entitled " cultivation of the potato - - - an urgent problem " \ [ [ @ b1 - ... | 1. Historical Origins {# sec1 - viruses - 12 - 00132} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = At a meeting of the Fellows of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany in Cambridge, UK, on 14 November 1924, Dr. Redcliffe Salaman gave a lecture entitled " Degeneration of the Potato - - - An Urgent Problem " \ [[ @ ... | Historical Origins {#sec1-viruses-12-00132} ===================== At a meeting of the Fellows the National Institute of Agricultural Cambridge, UK, on 1924, Dr. Redcliffe Salaman gave a lecture entitled "Degeneration Potato---An Urgent \[[@B1-viruses-12-00132]\]. He reported that "potato degeneration", namely the decre... | 1. hiStoricAL OrIGins {#sEc1-vIrusEs-12-00132}
=====================
At a MeEtInG of thE FElLOWS OF ThE natIOnAl InstitUTe of AGRICultural boTANy In cAmbridge, UK, On 14 novEmbeR 1924, dR. ReDclifFE salAmAn gAvE a lECtURe enTItled "dEgENeRATioN Of the pOtato---aN URGenT PrOBLEM" \[[@b1-VirUSES-12-00132]\]. he repoRTED... | 1. Historical Origins {#sec1-viruses-12-00132} ===================== At ameeting of the Fellowsof the National Institute of AgriculturalBotanyin Cambridge, UK, on 14 November 1924, Dr. Redcliffe Salaman gave a lecture entitled "Degenerationof the Potato---An Urgent Problem" \[[@B1-viruses-12-00132]\].He re... | 1. Historical Origins {#sec1-viruses-12-00132} _=====================_ At _a_ meeting of _the_ Fellows of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany _in_ Cambridge, UK, on 14 November 1924, Dr. _Redcliffe_ _Salaman_ gave a lecture entitled "Degeneration _of_ the _Potato---An_ Urgent _Problem"_ \[[@B1-viruses-12-0013... |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec005}
============
Globally, an estimated 225 million women have unmet need for family planning \[[@pone.0153907.ref001]\]. Increasing acceptance and use of family planning requires more than increasing access to health serv... | all relevant data are within the paper and its supporting information files. introduction { # sec005 } = = = = = = = = = = = = globally, an estimated 225 million women express unmet need for family planning \ [ [ @ pone. 0153907. ref001 ] \ ]. increasing acceptance and use of family planning requires more than increasi... | All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Introduction {# sec005} = = = = = = = = = = = = Globally, an estimated 225 million women have unmet need for family planning \ [[ @ pone. 0153907. ref001] \ ]. Increasing wcveptance and use of family planning requires more than increasing acce... | All relevant data are paper and its Supporting Information files. Introduction {#sec005} ============ Globally, an 225 million women have unmet need for family planning \[[@pone.0153907.ref001]\]. acceptance and use of family planning requires more than increasing access to health truly effective family planning progra... | AlL ReLeVaNT datA Are WITHiN tHE PAPEr and ITS SuPPorTIng InforMAtioN FIlES.
IntroDUCTiON {#sEc005}
============
GloBAlly, AN EStIMaTEd 225 millIOn wOmEN HAVE uNmeT neED fOr faMiLY PLaNnING \[[@PoNE.0153907.ref001]\]. INCREasInG aCcepTAnCe And USE Of fAMILy PlANNIng ReQUIreS More THan iNCreasINg aCCESs To hEaltH sErV... | All relevant data are within thepaper and itsSupporting Information files. Introduction {#sec005} ============ Globally, an estimated 225 millionwomen have unmet need for family planning \[[@pone.0153907.ref001]\]. Increasing acceptance and use of family planning requires more than increasing accessto ... | _All_ relevant data are _within_ the paper and its _Supporting_ _Information_ files. Introduction {#sec005} ============ Globally, an estimated 225 million women _have_ unmet need for _family_ planning \[[@pone.0153907.ref001]\]. _Increasing_ acceptance _and_ use of family planning _requires_ more than increasing acces... |
Background
==========
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes rapidly rose over the past three decades. However its burden is not homogeneously distributed: racial and ethnic minorities usually experience higher prevalence than their non-minority counterparts \[[@B1]\] and are at higher risk of developing diabetes-related c... | background = = = = = = = = = = the prevalence of type 2 diabetes rapidly rose over the past three decades. however its burden is not homogeneously distributed : racial and racial minorities usually experience higher prevalence than their non - minority counterparts \ [ [ @ b1 ] \ ] and are at higher risk of developing ... | Background = = = = = = = = = = The prevalence of type 2 diabetes rapidly rose over the past three decades. However its burden is not homogeneously diWtEibuted: racial and ethnic minorities usually experience higher prevalence than their non - minority counterparts \ [[ @ B1] \] and are at higher risk of developing diab... | Background ========== The prevalence type 2 diabetes rapidly rose over the past three decades. However its is not homogeneously racial and ethnic minorities usually experience higher prevalence than their non-minority counterparts \[[@B1]\] and are at higher risk of developing diabetes-related complications such as bli... | BaCkgRoUNd
==========
thE PREvalenCE OF TypE 2 diabETes RApiDly ROSe Over The pASt ThrEe dEcAdEs. hOweVEr its BURdEn iS NoT hoMOgeNeoUSly DIStRiBuTeD: RAciaL And etHNIC MInOrItiEs UsuAllY EXPErIEncE higHER PRevAlENcE ThaN TheIR NON-miNOrity CoUnTeRPArtS \[[@B1]\] aND aRE at HiGhER rIsK Of dEVElOpinG DIaBETeS-RElAted c... | Background ========== The prevalence of type 2diabetes rapidly rose over the past three decades. However its burden is not homogeneously distributed: racial and ethnic minorities usually experience higher prevalencethantheir non-minority counterparts \[[@B1]\] and are athigher risk ofdeveloping diabetes-... | Background _==========_ The prevalence of type 2 _diabetes_ rapidly _rose_ over _the_ past three decades. _However_ its burden _is_ not homogeneously distributed: racial and _ethnic_ _minorities_ _usually_ _experience_ higher prevalence than their _non-minority_ counterparts \[[@B1]\] and are at higher risk of developi... |
1.. Introduction
================
Heart rate has been an important factor in indicating patients' health for quite a long time. As people are paying more and more attention on their health, long-term heart rate monitoring is of more importance to everyone as it's a valuable indicator for early diagnosis of dozens of d... | 1.. − = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = heart rate has been an important factor in indicating patients ' health for quite a very time. as people are paying more and more information on their health, long - term heart rate monitoring is of more importance to everyone as it ' s a valuable indicator for early diagnosis of d... | 1. . Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Heart rate has been an important factor in indicating patients ' health for quite a long time. As people are paying more and more attention on their health, long - term heart rate monitoring is of more importance to everyone as it ' s a valuable indicator for early diag... | 1.. Introduction ================ Heart rate has an important factor in indicating patients' health for quite a long time. As people are paying and more attention on their health, long-term heart rate monitoring of more importance to everyone as it's a valuable indicator for early diagnosis of dozens of diseases. Furth... | 1.. introDuCTiOn
================
heart raTE HAS BeEN aN imPORtaNt FactOR In INDIcatInG pATiENtS' HEAlTh fOr qUitE A LOnG timE. As peOpLe arE PayIng mORE and mORE AtTEntiOn oN THEir HEALTH, long-teRM HEart RATE MOnitOriNG iS oF more ImPorTance To EvERYoNe as iT'S a vaLUAblE iNdicATor FOR eARLY diAgnOsiS of dozeNS Of D... | 1..Introduction ================ Heart rate has been an important factor in indicating patients' healthfor quitea long time. As people are paying more and more attention on their health, long-term heart rate monitoring is of more importanceto everyone asit's avaluable indicatorfor early diagnosi... | 1.. Introduction ================ Heart _rate_ has been an _important_ factor in indicating patients' _health_ for quite _a_ long time. As people are paying _more_ _and_ more attention on their health, _long-term_ heart rate monitoring is of more importance to everyone _as_ it's a valuable indicator for _early_ diagnos... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The intestinal mucosa is a critical effector site for elimination of enteric pathogens. *Toxoplasma gondii*, a ubiquitous protozoan parasite, is a prime example of such a pathogen. Mammals are infected with *T. gondii* primarily by the ingestion of tissue cysts from undercooked meat or ... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = the intestinal mucosa is a critical effector site for elimination of enteric pathogens. * toxoplasma gondii *, a susceptible protozoan parasite, is a prime example of such a pathogen. mammals are infected with * t. gondii * primarily by the ingestion of tissue cysts from un... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = The intestinal mucosa is a critical effector site for elimination of enteric pathogens. * Toxoplasma gondii *, a ubiquitous protozoan parasite, is a prime example of such a pathogen. Mammals are infected with * T. gondii * primarily by the ingestion of tissue cysts from under... | Introduction {#s1} ============ The intestinal mucosa is a critical effector site for elimination of pathogens. *Toxoplasma gondii*, a ubiquitous protozoan parasite, is a prime example of such a Mammals are infected with *T. primarily by the ingestion of tissue cysts undercooked meat or oocysts excreted in the feces of... | IntRodUCTIOn {#s1}
============
THE inTEStinAl MUcOsA is a CrITicAl EfFeCtoR SITe For ElIMINaTION OF entERIC PaTHOgeNs. *tOxOPLasmA GoNDIi*, a uBiquITOUs PrOtozoAN ParaSITE, IS a PrIme exAMpLe oF suCH A PATHoGeN. mAMMals aRe INfecTed WiTh *t. gOndIi* PriMArily by tHE ingestion Of TisSUE CYSTs frOm UndercooKED Meat OR ... | Introduction {#s1} ============ The intestinal mucosa is a criticaleffector site for elimination of enteric pathogens. *Toxoplasma gondii*, aubiquitous protozoan parasite, is a prime example of such a pathogen. Mammals are infected with *T. gondii* primarilybythe ingestion of tissue cysts fromundercooked... | Introduction {#s1} ============ The intestinal mucosa is a _critical_ effector site for _elimination_ of enteric _pathogens._ *Toxoplasma gondii*, a ubiquitous protozoan parasite, is a prime _example_ of such a pathogen. Mammals are infected with *T. gondii* _primarily_ by _the_ ingestion of tissue cysts _from_ underco... |
Our individual data points can not be publicly deposited as supporting information due to ethical restrictions imposed by Nagoya University International Bioethics Committee, since the data contains the sensitive personal information. Information regarding our data can be requested at the following e-mail address: Kazu... | our individual data points can not be publicly deposited as supporting information due to ethical restrictions imposed by nagoya university international bioethics committee, since the data contains the sensitive personal records. information regarding anonymous users can be requested at the following e - mail address ... | Our individual data points can not be publicly deposited as supporting information due to ethical restrictions imposed by Nagoya University International Bioethics Committee, since the data contains the sensitive personal information. Information regarding our data can be requested at the following e - mail address: Ka... | Our individual data points not be publicly deposited supporting information due to ethical restrictions imposed by Nagoya University International Bioethics Committee, since the data contains the sensitive personal information. Information regarding our data can be requested at the following e-mail Kazunori Hashimoto (... | our InDIVidual dAta POInTs Can nOT be pUBLicly DEPosItED AS supPOrTiNg INfORMATion DuE tO ethIcAL restRiCtIons iMPosed by Nagoya UniVersItY iNTErNAtiONaL BiOeThIcs cOMMiTtee, SInCE THe daTA CoNtAiNS THE seNSItIVE PersONal inFORMAtION. INfORMAtIoN REGarDING ouR data CAn bE rEQUEstED AT THe foLlOWINg e-maiL adDRESS: kazU... | Our individual data points can not be publicly deposited as supporting information due to ethical restrictions imposed byNagoya University International Bioethics Committee,since the datacontains the sensitivepersonal information. Information regarding our data can be requested at the following e-ma... | _Our_ _individual_ data points _can_ not be publicly deposited as _supporting_ information due to ethical restrictions imposed by Nagoya University International Bioethics Committee, since the data contains the _sensitive_ _personal_ information. Information _regarding_ our _data_ can be _requested_ _at_ the following ... |
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Introduction {#s1}
============
Some of the most diverse and bizarre organelle genomes of all eukaryotes come from the Volvocales, which is a large order of predominantly freshwater green algae, belonging to chlorophycean class of the Chlorophyta. Volvocalean mitochondrial and plastid DNAs (mtDNAs and ptDNAs) show an ... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = some of the most diverse and bizarre fungal genomes of all eukaryotes come from the helix, which is a large order of predominantly freshwater green algae, belonging to chlorophycean class or the chlorophyta. volvocalean mitochondrial and plastid dnas ( mtdnas excluding ptdn... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = SKje of the most diverse and bizarre organelle genomes of all eukaryotes come from the Volvocales, which is a large order of predominantly freshwater green algae, belonging to chlorophycean class of the Chlorophyta. Volvocalean mitochondrial and plastid DNAs (mtDNAs and ptDNA... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Some of the most bizarre organelle genomes of all eukaryotes from the Volvocales, is a large order of predominantly freshwater green algae, to chlorophycean class of the Chlorophyta. Volvocalean mitochondrial and plastid DNAs (mtDNAs and ptDNAs) show an impressive array of architectures,... | IntroduCTioN {#S1}
============
SoME OF tHE MOsT DIverSe aNd bIZarRe ORgaNelLe GenOmeS of all eUKaryOTES CoME fROM tHE VOLVOCALes, WHIch is A LArge ORder of pREdOmiNantlY FrEsHWATEr gReen ALGAE, BeloNgiNg tO CHLoROphYCEaN cLaSS of tHE ChlOROpHYTA. VolVoCALean MitochoNDRiaL aND PlAStid Dnas (mTDNaS AnD PtdNas) show An ... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Some of the most diverse and bizarre organellegenomes ofall eukaryotes come from the Volvocales, which isalarge order ofpredominantly freshwatergreen algae, belonging to chlorophycean class of the Chlorophyta. Volvocalean mitochondrial and plastid DNAs (mtDNAs and ptDN... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Some of the most diverse and _bizarre_ organelle _genomes_ of all eukaryotes come from the Volvocales, which _is_ a large order of predominantly freshwater green algae, belonging to _chlorophycean_ class of the Chlorophyta. Volvocalean mitochondrial and plastid DNAs (mtDNAs and ptDNAs) s... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Mitochondria perform a dual role in the life and death of the cardiomyocyte. When functioning normally they generate the energy required for normal cellular processes and survival. However, in situations of cellular stress such as during acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = mitochondria perform a dual role in the life and death of the cardiomyocyte. when functioning normally they generate the signal required for normal cellular processes and survival. however, in situations of cellular stress such as during acute myocardial ischemia - reperfus... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Mitochondria pe%fPrm a dual role in the life and death of the cardiomyocyte. When functioning normally they generate the energy required for normal cellular processes and survival. However, in situations of cellular stress such as during acute myocardial ischemia - reperfusio... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Mitochondria perform a dual role in the life and death of the cardiomyocyte. When functioning normally they generate the energy required for normal cellular processes and survival. However, in situations of cellular stress as during acute myocardial (IRI), can become dysfunctional be the... | INtroDUctIOn {#s1}
============
miTOCHONDRiA PERForM a dUal roLE In the LIfe aND DEatH oF THE CaRDIOmYocyTE. WHen fUnCTIonInG nORMALLy tHEY GEneRATe tHe enerGY REquireD for NORmal cElLular proCeSSES aND SUrviVAL. HOweveR, iN SiTUAtiONs Of cELLuLaR StreSs such As DurINg acutE myocARdIAl IschEmia-REpeRfusioN injuRY (iri... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Mitochondria perform a dual role in the life and death of the cardiomyocyte. When functioningnormally they generate the energy required for normal cellular processesand survival. However, in situations of cellular stress such as during acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injur... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Mitochondria perform _a_ dual role in the life and death _of_ the cardiomyocyte. When functioning normally they generate the energy required _for_ _normal_ cellular processes _and_ survival. However, in _situations_ of cellular stress such as during acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion ... |
Introduction {#tca13044-sec-0001}
============
Nivolumab, a PD‐1 antibody, is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) that has been proven to be active in patients with several different tumor types. Nivolumab has been shown to have an overall response rate (ORR) of approximately 20% in patients with previously treated n... | introduction { # tca13044 - sec - 0001 } = = = = = = = = = = = = nivolumab, a pd ‐ 1 antibody, is an immune checkpoint inhibitor ( ici ) that has been proven to be active in patients with several tumor tumor types. nivolumab has been shown to have an overall firing rate ( orr ) of approximately 20 % in patients with pr... | Introduction {# tca13044 - sec - 0001} = = = = = = = = = = = = Nivolu<wb, a PD ‐ 1 antibody, is an immune ch$c.point inhibitor (ICI) that has been proven to be active in patients with several different tumor types. Nivolumab has been shown to have an overall response rate (ORR) of approximately 20% in patients with pre... | Introduction {#tca13044-sec-0001} ============ Nivolumab, a PD‐1 antibody, is checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) that has been proven to be in patients with different tumor has been shown have an rate (ORR) of approximately in patients with previously treated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).[1](#tca13044-bib-0001){ref-type=... | intRodUctioN {#TCa13044-SeC-0001}
============
NIVoluMAB, A Pd‐1 antIboDy, iS an immUnE cHeCKPOiNT iNhibItoR (ici) tHat HaS bEeN proVEN TO bE actiVe In pATIENTs wiTh SEvEraL difFerEnt tUmoR TyPes. nivOLuMaB hAs beEN sHOwN To HAVe aN oVeRALl resPonSe RAte (ORR) oF aPpROXimaTELy 20% IN patIentS With PreviouSlY TReaTed n... | Introduction{#tca13044-sec-0001}============Nivolumab, a PD‐1 antibody, is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) that has been proven tobe active inpatients with several different tumortypes. Nivolumab has been shown to have an overall response rate (ORR) of approximately 20% in patients with previous... | Introduction {#tca13044-sec-0001} ============ Nivolumab, a PD‐1 antibody, is an immune checkpoint inhibitor _(ICI)_ that has _been_ proven to _be_ _active_ in patients _with_ several different tumor types. Nivolumab has been _shown_ _to_ _have_ _an_ overall response rate (ORR) _of_ approximately 20% _in_ patients with... |
Cedell[@bib1] described talus fracture in 4 young active sportsmen in 1974. These injuries are rare, and from then until now, only a few cases have been reported. The patient may arrive in the emergency department with pain and tenderness in the posteromedial region of the talus. However, most of the time, the injury\'... | cedell [ @ bib1 ] described talus fracture in 4 young active sportsmen in 1974. these injuries are rare, and from then until now, only a few cases have been reported. the patient may arrive in the emergency department with pain and tenderness in the posteromedial region of the talus. however, most of the time, the inju... | Cedell [@ bib1] described talus fracture in 4 young active sportsmen in 1974. These injuries are rare, and from then until now, only a few cases have been reported. The patient may arrive in the emergency department with pain and tenderness in the posteromedial region of the talus. However, most of the time, the injury... | Cedell[@bib1] described talus fracture young active sportsmen in 1974. These injuries are and from then until now, only a few cases been reported. The patient may arrive in the emergency department with pain and tenderness in the posteromedial of talus. However, most of the time, the injury\'s similarity to an ankle sp... | cEdell[@BiB1] DEScrIbeD taLuS FRActurE in 4 yOuNG actiVE SpORTsMeN In 1974. tHESE InjUries are rAre, And FROm tHen UnTIl now, onLY a Few CASes HAVE BEeN rEPOrted. The PAtIeNT MAY arRIVE In ThE eMeRgeNcy DeParTmeNT wiTH Pain AnD tenDERnEss In tHE POsTErOMediAL RegION oF thE talus. hOweVEr, mOst Of tHE tIME, thE iNJURy\'... | Cedell[@bib1] described talus fracture in4young active sportsmen in 1974. These injuries are rare, andfromthen until now,only a few cases have been reported. The patient may arrive in the emergency departmentwith pain and tenderness in the posteromedial region of the talus. However, mostof the time,the inj... | _Cedell[@bib1]_ described talus fracture in 4 _young_ _active_ sportsmen in 1974. These injuries are rare, and from _then_ _until_ now, only a few cases _have_ been reported. The patient may arrive in the _emergency_ department with pain and tenderness in the posteromedial region of the talus. However, most of the time... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are being widely applied in displays for mobiles and televisions owing to their self-emitting characteristics, excellent colour gamut, high-speed operation, and applicability in flexible or stretchable devices^[@CR1]^. Practical OLEDs function bas... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = organic light - emitting diodes ( oleds ) are being frequently recommended in displays for mobiles and televisions owing to their self - stabilization characteristics, excellent colour gamut, high - speed operation, and applicability in flexible or stretchable devices ^ [... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Organic light - emitting diodes (OLEDs) are being widely applied in displays for mobiles and televisions owing to their self - emitting characteristics, excellent colour gamut, high - speed operation, and applicability in flexible or stretchable devices ^ [@ CR1] ^. Practic... | {#Sec1} ============ Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are being widely applied in displays mobiles and televisions owing to their self-emitting characteristics, excellent colour gamut, high-speed operation, and applicability in or stretchable devices^[@CR1]^. Practical OLEDs based on phosphorescence their nearly 1... | iNtrOduCtIoN {#SeC1}
============
oRgaNiC LiGHt-eMITTINg dIODes (oleDs) aRe bEiNG wIDELY appliED in disPlayS fOr MoBILes anD TElEvIsiOnS owinG to theIR seLf-EMittINg CHarACTeRIsTIcS, ExCeLlENT COLOuR GAMUT, High-spEed opeRaTiOn, AND aPpLicaBILiTY IN FlEXibLE or strEtCHABlE DevICES^[@cr1]^. pRactICal OLedS FUNcTioN baS... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are being widelyapplied in displays for mobiles and televisions owing to their self-emitting characteristics, excellent colourgamut, high-speed operation, and applicability in flexible or stretchabledevices^[@CR1]^.Practical OLEDs func... | _Introduction_ {#Sec1} ============ Organic _light-emitting_ diodes _(OLEDs)_ are _being_ widely applied in displays _for_ mobiles and televisions owing to their self-emitting characteristics, excellent colour gamut, _high-speed_ _operation,_ _and_ applicability in _flexible_ or stretchable _devices^[@CR1]^._ Practical... |
Introduction {#ss1}
============
Throughout Europe birth-rates have declined over the last decades, and in most countries they are well below the replacement level ([@CIT0001]). In Sweden, the number of children being born per woman has fluctuated greatly since the mid-1970s but has now been predicted to stabilize at ... | introduction { # ss1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = throughout europe birth - rates have declined over the last decades, and in most countries they are well below the replacement level ( [ @ cit0001 ] ). in sweden, the number of children being born per woman has fluctuated greatly since the mid - 1970s but has now been pred... | Introduction {# ss1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Throughout Europe birth - rates have declined over the last decades, and in most countries they are well below the replacement level ([ @ CIT0001] ). In Sweden, the number of children being born per woman has fluctuated greatly since the mid - 1970s but has now been predicte... | Introduction {#ss1} ============ Throughout Europe birth-rates have declined over the last decades, and in most countries they are well below the replacement level In Sweden, the number of children being born per woman has fluctuated greatly since the mid-1970s but now been predicted to stabilize at a level around 1.8 ... | INTrODUCtiON {#ss1}
============
tHROughOut eUROPe BirTh-RATeS hAVe deCLinEd over ThE LAsT dEcADeS, AnD iN mOst couNtrIeS thEy arE WEll below tHe replaCEmENT Level ([@Cit0001]). iN SwedeN, THe NUmBEr OF children BEiNG borN Per WOmAN hAs FlUCTUaTED GrEAtLy Since The mID-1970S buT hAs now been prEdictEd to StABIlIZe at ... | Introduction {#ss1} ============ Throughout Europe birth-rateshave declined over the lastdecades, andin most countries they are well below the replacement level([@CIT0001]). InSweden, thenumberofchildren being born per woman has fluctuated greatly since the mid-1970s but hasnow been predictedto stabili... | Introduction _{#ss1}_ ============ Throughout _Europe_ birth-rates have declined over the last decades, and in most countries they are _well_ below _the_ replacement level ([@CIT0001]). _In_ _Sweden,_ _the_ number of children being born per woman _has_ fluctuated _greatly_ since the mid-1970s but _has_ now been predict... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Pre-diabetes (pre-DM), typically defined as blood glucose levels above normal but below diabetes thresholds, has been increasing globally and has a high chance of developing diabetes mellitus (DM)^[@CR1]^. It is estimated that there were 318 million adults suffering from impaired gluc... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = pre - diabetes ( pre - dm ), typically defined as blood glucose levels near normal but below diabetes thresholds, has been increasing globally and has a decreasing chance of developing eucalyptus mellitus ( dm ) ^ [ @ cr1 ] ^. it is estimated that there were 318 million a... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Pre - diabetes (pre - DM ), typically defined as blood glucose levels above normal but below diabetes thresholds, has been increasing globally and has a high chance of developing diabetes mellitus (DM) ^ [@ CR1] ^. It is estimated that there were 318 million adults sufferin... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Pre-diabetes (pre-DM), typically defined as blood glucose levels above but below diabetes thresholds, has been increasing globally and has high chance of developing diabetes mellitus (DM)^[@CR1]^. It is estimated that there were 318 adults suffering from glucose tolerance in the by 201... | inTrODuCTION {#SEC1}
============
PRE-DIaBETes (PrE-Dm), typiCALLy DeFINed AS blOOD GLUcOSE LeVELs aBoVe noRMal BUt beLow DiABETES threSholdS, Has bEEn increaSING GLOBAlly ANd HAs a HigH chaNCE of devELoPing DIaBetES mELLiTus (Dm)^[@Cr1]^. it is ESTIMATED That there WEre 318 millIoN ADUlTs SuFferINg fRom IMpairED gluC... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Pre-diabetes (pre-DM), typically definedas blood glucose levelsabove normal but below diabetes thresholds, has been increasing globally and has a high chanceof developing diabetes mellitus (DM)^[@CR1]^. It is estimated that there were318 million adults su... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Pre-diabetes (pre-DM), typically defined as blood glucose levels above _normal_ but below diabetes thresholds, has been increasing _globally_ _and_ has _a_ _high_ chance of developing _diabetes_ mellitus (DM)^[@CR1]^. _It_ is estimated that there were 318 million adults suffering _from... |
1. Introduction {#sec1-pharmaceutics-10-00021}
===============
The discovery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) \[[@B1-pharmaceutics-10-00021],[@B2-pharmaceutics-10-00021]\] and the subsequent recognition of its critical role in the pathogenesis of several chorioretinal vascular conditions constitute the mos... | 1. introduction { # sec1 - pharmaceutics - 10 - 00021 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the discovery of vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) \ [ [ @ b1 - pharmaceutics - 10 - 00021 ], [ @ a2 - pharmaceutics - 10 - 00021 ] \ ] and thus subsequent recognition of its critical role in the pathogenesis of several chor... | 1. Introduction {# sec1 - pharmaceutics - 10 - 00021} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = The discovery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) \ [[ @ B1 - pharmaceutics - 10 - 00021 ], [@ B2 - pharmaceutics - 10 - 00021] \] and the subsequent recognition of its critical role in the pathogenesis of several chorioretinal... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-pharmaceutics-10-00021} The discovery of vascular endothelial growth factor \[[@B1-pharmaceutics-10-00021],[@B2-pharmaceutics-10-00021]\] and the subsequent recognition its critical in the pathogenesis of several chorioretinal vascular conditions constitute the important advances in ophthalmology... | 1. iNtRODucTION {#sEc1-PHarmacEUTics-10-00021}
===============
tHE diSCOVeRY OF VaScuLaR eNDOthEliAL GROwTH FActor (Vegf) \[[@b1-pharmAcEUtiCS-10-00021],[@b2-PHArmaceUTicS-10-00021]\] And THe SUbseqUENT recogNItIoN OF Its CRItICal ROlE IN tHE PATHogEnesIs oF SEvEraL ChorIOreTinaL vaSCular cONditIONs cONstItUTe The moS... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-pharmaceutics-10-00021} =============== The discovery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) \[[@B1-pharmaceutics-10-00021],[@B2-pharmaceutics-10-00021]\] and the subsequent recognition of its critical role in the pathogenesis of several chorioretinal vascular conditions co... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-pharmaceutics-10-00021} =============== The discovery _of_ vascular endothelial _growth_ _factor_ (VEGF) \[[@B1-pharmaceutics-10-00021],[@B2-pharmaceutics-10-00021]\] and the subsequent recognition of its _critical_ _role_ _in_ the _pathogenesis_ of several chorioretinal vascular conditions const... |
1. Introduction {#sec1-materials-13-03111}
===============
The efficiency, stability, and lifetime of any device is strongly dependent on the stability of compounds and alloys that a given device is made of. The attempts to understand the particular state of matter are crucial points of understanding its implications ... | 1. introduction { # sec1 - materials - 13 - 03111 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the efficiency, stability, and lifetime of any device is strongly dependent on the stability of compounds and alloys that a given device is made of. the attempts to understand the particular state of matter are crucial points of understan... | 1. Introduction {# sec1 - materials - 13 - 03111} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = The efficiency, stability, and lifetime of any device is strongly dependent on the stability of compounds and alloys that a given device is made of. The attempts to understand the particular state of matter are crucial points of understandi... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-materials-13-03111} =============== The efficiency, stability, and lifetime of any device is strongly dependent on the stability of compounds and alloys that a given device is made of. The attempts understand the particular state of matter are crucial of understanding its implications for applica... | 1. iNTrOdUction {#SEc1-MaTERialS-13-03111}
===============
the eFFicieNcy, sTABILItY, anD lIFEtImE of anY DEViCE IS sTrOnGlY DEPeNDENT oN THe staBIlitY Of compOUnDs And AlloyS thAt A GiveN DEViCe iS mAdE oF. The atTEmPts to undeRSTAND ThE ParticuLaR STAtE OF MATTER ARE cRUCiAL PoinTs oF uNderSTAndIng Its ImPlIcatIOns ... | 1.Introduction {#sec1-materials-13-03111} =============== The efficiency, stability, and lifetime of any deviceis strongly dependent onthestability of compounds and alloys that a given deviceis madeof. The attempts to understand the particular state of matter are crucial points of understanding itsimplicat... | _1._ Introduction {#sec1-materials-13-03111} =============== The efficiency, stability, _and_ lifetime _of_ any device _is_ strongly dependent on the stability of compounds _and_ alloys that a given _device_ _is_ made of. The _attempts_ to understand the particular _state_ of _matter_ are _crucial_ points of understand... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a condition that arises from inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses resulting in two or more symptoms including nasal blockage, obstruction, congestion, and nasal discharge \[[@CR1]••, [@CR2]••\]. Additional symptoms may include facial pain and press... | ‡ { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = rhinosinusitis ( rs ) is a condition that arises from inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses resulting in two or more symptoms including nasal blockage, obstruction, congestion, and nasal discharge \ [ [ @ cr1 ] • •, [ @ cr2 ] • • \ ]. additional symptoms may include fac... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a condition that arises from inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses resulting in two or more symptoms including nasal blockage, obstruction, congestion, and nasal discharge \ [[ @ CR1] • •, [@ CR2] • • \ ]. Additional symptoms may include ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a that arises from inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses resulting in two or more symptoms including nasal blockage, obstruction, congestion, and nasal discharge [@CR2]••\]. Additional symptoms may include facial pain and reduction or loss of During ... | inTRodUctIon {#seC1}
============
rHINOsinUsITiS (rs) Is a CoNDITION that arISeS From inFlAmmatiON Of tHe nOse And ThE paRaNasAl sinUSes RESUlTiNg iN TWO OR moRE SYmPtoms inCLUding NAsAL BlockAgE, obStrUCTIOn, CongEstiON, ANd nasal dIScHArGe \[[@cr1]••, [@CR2]••\]. aDdiTiONaL sYmpTOmS mAy inCLUDE FAcIal PAin and pRESS... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Rhinosinusitis(RS) is a condition that arises frominflammation of the nose andthe paranasal sinusesresulting in twoor more symptoms including nasal blockage, obstruction,congestion,and nasal discharge \[[@CR1]••, [@CR2]••\]. Additional symptoms may include facial ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a condition that arises _from_ _inflammation_ _of_ the nose and the paranasal sinuses resulting _in_ two or more symptoms including nasal blockage, obstruction, congestion, and nasal discharge \[[@CR1]••, [@CR2]••\]. Additional symptoms may include _facial_ pain ... |
Introduction
============
The emergence of stem cells as a therapeutic for many diseases, disorders and injuries has brought excitement among scientists, clinicians and patients alike regarding the potential treatment of previously untreatable conditions. However, the implementation of many stem cell therapies in pati... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = the emergence of stem cells as a therapeutic for many diseases, disorders and injuries has brought excitement among researchers, clinicians and patients alike regarding the potential treatment of previously untreatable conditions. however, the implementation of many stem cell therap... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = The emergence of stem cells as a therapeutic for many diseases, disorders and injuries has brought excitement among scientists, clinicians and patients alike regarding the potential treatment of previously untreatable conditions. However, the implementation of many stem cell therapi... | Introduction ============ The emergence of stem cells as a therapeutic for many diseases, disorders and injuries has brought excitement among clinicians and patients alike regarding the potential of previously untreatable conditions. However, the implementation of many stem cell therapies in patients may still be years... | intRodUction
============
THe EMErGEnCe oF sTEm celLS AS a tHeraPeuTIc For ManY DisEaSeS, diSorDErS aND iNjurieS HAS brOUGht exCiTEMEnT AMONG sCientisTs, cLINicianS AND patienTS aLiKE RegardinG tHe POTENTiaL TREATmeNT OF PrEvIOuSlY UntREaTaBlE COnDiTIonS. hOWEVeR, thE IMPlemENtATION Of MaNY stEm ceLl tHerapIes in PATi... | Introduction ============ The emergence of stem cells as atherapeutic for many diseases, disorders and injuries has broughtexcitement among scientists,clinicians and patients alike regarding the potential treatment of previously untreatableconditions. However, theimplementationof many stem cellth... | Introduction ============ _The_ emergence of stem _cells_ as _a_ _therapeutic_ for many diseases, disorders and _injuries_ has brought _excitement_ among scientists, clinicians and patients alike _regarding_ the potential _treatment_ of previously untreatable conditions. However, _the_ implementation of many stem cell ... |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
Hospital staffs are the most important group of health care providers. As a result of their continuous hard work, they are frequently faced with physical and psychological health problems. If these problems linger on, disappointment and boredom will settle, which in turn will lower ... | introduction { # sec1 - 1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = hospital staffs are the most important group of health care providers. as any result of their continuous hard work, they are frequently faced with physical and psychological health conditions. if these problems linger on, despair and boredom will settle, which in turn... | INTRODUCTION {# sec1 - 1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Hospital staffs are the most important group of health care providers. As a result of their continuous hard work, they are frequently faced with physical and psychological health problems. If these problems linger on, disappointment and boredom will settle, which in tur... | INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1} ============ Hospital staffs are the most important group of health care providers. As a result of their continuous hard work, they are frequently faced with and health problems. If problems linger on, disappointment and boredom will settle, which in will lower the quality of health care services... | InTRoDuctioN {#SEC1-1}
============
HOsPiTAl STaFfS arE tHe mOst IMPoRTaNt gROuP oF hEalTH cARE ProvIders. As a REsULT oF THeir ConTINUOUS hARd wOrK, they are freQueNTLY fAcED wITH physiCal aND PSYCHOLoGIcAL heAlth PRObLeMS. If thESe PROBLems LiNgeR ON, dISApPointmenT AnD BOreDOM WILL SeTTlE, wHicH In tuRn WIlL lOWeR ... | INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1} ============Hospital staffs arethe most important groupof health care providers. As a result of their continuous hard work, they are frequently faced with physical and psychological health problems. If these problems linger on, disappointment and boredom will settle,which in ... | INTRODUCTION _{#sec1-1}_ ============ Hospital staffs are the most important group of health care _providers._ As _a_ result of their continuous hard work, they are frequently faced with physical and psychological _health_ problems. If these problems linger on, disappointment and boredom will settle, which in _turn_ _w... |
INTRODUCTION
============
Patient expect for improved esthetics has driven the advancement of ceramic for use with fixed partial prostheses.[@B1] Many clinical studies demonstrate excellent long-term success of ceramic restorations. In recent year, strong ceramic cores unioning esthetic veneering porcelains have becom... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = patient expect for improved esthetics has driven the advancement of ceramic for use with fixed partial prostheses. [ @ b1 ] many clinical studies demonstrate excellent long - term success of ceramic restorations. in recent year, strong ceramic cores unioning esthetic veneering porce... | INTRODUCTION = = = = = = = = = = = = Patient expect for improved esthetics has driven the advancement of ceramic for use with fixed partial prostheses. [@ B1] Many clinical studies demonstrate excellent long - term success of ceramic restorations. In recent year, strong ceramic cores unioning esthetic veneering porcela... | INTRODUCTION ============ Patient expect for improved esthetics has driven the of ceramic for use with fixed prostheses.[@B1] Many clinical studies demonstrate excellent long-term success ceramic restorations. In recent year, strong ceramic cores unioning esthetic veneering porcelains have become as all ceramic restora... | IntRODucTION
============
PaTIeNT ExpECT for iMPRovEd esThEticS HaS DrIVen tHE AdvanCemeNT oF cERaMIC FOr uSE WIth fixED PARtiaL ProsThEses.[@b1] mANy CLiNiCAL StUDies dEMOnSTRAtE eXCelLENT LoNG-terM sucCEsS oF ceRAMIC rEstOraTions. in RECENt YeAR, StroNG CeRamIC CoREs uNIONing EstHeTic VEnEeRinG pORCeLaInS haVE BeCOM... | INTRODUCTION============ Patientexpect for improved esthetics has driven the advancement of ceramic foruse with fixed partial prostheses.[@B1] Many clinical studies demonstrate excellentlong-term success of ceramic restorations. In recent year, strong ceramic cores unioning esthetic veneering porcelains have be... | _INTRODUCTION_ ============ Patient expect for improved esthetics has driven _the_ advancement of ceramic _for_ use _with_ fixed partial prostheses.[@B1] Many clinical studies _demonstrate_ excellent long-term success _of_ _ceramic_ restorations. In recent year, strong ceramic cores unioning esthetic veneering porcelai... |
INTRODUCTION
============
For decades, high ligation and saphenous vein stripping with phlebectomy of varices were the gold standard procedures in the treatment of the incompetence of the great saphenous vein (GSV) \[[@b1-vsi-30-102],[@b2-vsi-30-102]\]. An alternative method was cryostripping which is less invasive th... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = for decades, high ligation and saphenous vein stripping with phlebectomy of varices were the gold standard procedures in the treatment of the incompetence of the great saphenous vein ( v ) \ [ [ @ b1 - vsi - 30 - 102 ], [ @ b2 - vsi - 30 - 102 ] \ ]. an alternative method was cryost... | INTRODUCTION = = = = = = = = = = = = For decades, high ligation and saphenous vein stripping with phlebectomy of varices were the gold standard procedures in the treatment of the incompetence of the great saphenous vein (GSV) \ [[ @ b1 - vsi - 30 - 102 ], [@ b2 - vsi - 30 - 102] \ ]. An alternative method was cryostrip... | INTRODUCTION ============ For decades, high and saphenous vein stripping with phlebectomy of varices were the gold standard procedures in treatment the incompetence of the great saphenous vein (GSV) \[[@b1-vsi-30-102],[@b2-vsi-30-102]\]. An alternative method was cryostripping which is invasive than traditional strippi... | INtrOdUCTIOn
============
FOR DecADes, hIgH LIGaTion and sAPHenous VeIn StRIpPing WITH PhLEbectOMY Of VaRIcEs wEre thE GolD STAndard pROCeDUreS iN tHE TREaTMent of ThE iNcOmpeTEnCE Of ThE GreAt sApHEnoUS VeIn (gSV) \[[@B1-vsi-30-102],[@b2-VSI-30-102]\]. AN aLternATIve METHod WAS cryoStrIpPinG WhiCH is lESS iNVaSiVe th... | INTRODUCTION ============ Fordecades, high ligation and saphenous vein stripping with phlebectomy of varices were the gold standard procedures in the treatment of the incompetence of the great saphenous vein(GSV) \[[@b1-vsi-30-102],[@b2-vsi-30-102]\]. An alternative method was cryostripping which i... | INTRODUCTION ============ _For_ decades, high ligation and saphenous vein stripping with _phlebectomy_ of varices were the _gold_ standard procedures in the treatment of the incompetence of _the_ great saphenous _vein_ (GSV) \[[@b1-vsi-30-102],[@b2-vsi-30-102]\]. An alternative _method_ was cryostripping which _is_ les... |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Porcine circovirus has long harmed the sound development of pig husbandry, and especially the PCV3 that has appeared in recent years has caused tremendous economic losses for pig husbandry ([@B17]; [@B21]). Current research indicates that PCV is mainly divided into three genotypes ([@B8... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = porcine circovirus has long harmed the sound development of pig husbandry, and especially the pcv3 that has appeared in recent years has caused tremendous ecological losses for pig husbandry ( [ @ b17 ] ; [ @ b21 ] ). current analysis indicates that pcv is mainly divided in... | Introduction {# S1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Porcine circovirus has long harmed the sound development of pig husbandry, and especially the PCV3 that has appeared in recent years has caused tremendous economic losses for pig husbandry ([ @ B17 ]; [@ B21] ). Current research indicates that PCV is mainly divided into three... | Introduction {#S1} ============ circovirus has long harmed the sound of and especially the PCV3 has appeared in recent years has caused tremendous economic losses for pig husbandry ([@B17]; [@B21]). Current research indicates that PCV is mainly divided into three genotypes ([@B8]). PCV1 is generally considered non-path... | intROdUcTiON {#s1}
============
PorcInE circOViRUS hAs long hARMeD tHe SOUnD deVELOpMENt oF PIg hUSbAndrY, aND EsPeCIAlLY tHE pCV3 THAT HaS APpeAREd iN RecENt YEarS haS CAUSeD TRemEnDoUS eCoNOMIc lOSsEs for piG hUSbAnDRY ([@b17]; [@B21]). CURREnt rEsearcH INdiCAtES THAT pcv is MaINlY dIvIDEd INto THREe GenOtYpES ([@b8... | Introduction {#S1} ============Porcine circovirus has long harmed the sound development of pig husbandry, and especially the PCV3that has appeared in recent years has caused tremendous economic losses forpighusbandry ([@B17]; [@B21]). Current researchindicates that PCV is mainly divided intothree genotypes ([... | Introduction _{#S1}_ ============ Porcine circovirus has long harmed _the_ _sound_ development of pig _husbandry,_ _and_ especially _the_ PCV3 that has appeared _in_ recent years has caused tremendous _economic_ losses for _pig_ husbandry ([@B17]; [@B21]). Current _research_ _indicates_ that PCV is mainly divided into ... |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The development of resistance to cytotoxic agents represents a major concern in cancer chemotherapy. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is associated with over-expression of transmembrane glycoprotein (P-gp) which functions as a drug efflux pump, reducing the intracellular levels of cytotoxic dr... | background { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = the development of resistance to cytotoxic agents represents a major concern in cancer biology. multi - drug resistance ( mdr ) is associated with over - expression of transmembrane glycoprotein ( p - gp ) which functions as a drug efflux pump, reducing the intracellular levels... | Background {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = The development of resistance to cytotoxic agents represents a major concern in cancer chemotherapy. Multi - drug resistance (MDR) is associated with over - expression of transmembrane glycoprotein (P - gp) which functions as a drug efflux pump, reducing the intracellular levels ... | {#Sec1} The development of resistance to cytotoxic agents represents a major concern cancer chemotherapy. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is associated with over-expression of transmembrane glycoprotein (P-gp) which functions as a drug efflux pump, reducing the intracellular levels of cytotoxic (Juranka et [@CR29]). P-gp b... | BAckgROuND {#seC1}
==========
tHe deVElOpmEnt Of ReSIStance TO CYTOTOxiC AgENts ReprEsenTS a MajoR cONCErN In CANcEr cHEMoThERAPy. mUltI-DRUG ResisTAnce (Mdr) Is asSoCiATEd With OveR-ExpreSsIOn oF TranSmEmbranE glYCoPRoTEin (p-gp) WHiCh FuNCTiOns aS a DruG EFFluX pUmp, ReduCiNg ThE iNTRACeLlulAR lEVELs Of CyTotoXiC dr... | Background {#Sec1}========== The development of resistanceto cytotoxic agents represents a majorconcern in cancer chemotherapy. Multi-drug resistance(MDR) isassociated with over-expression of transmembrane glycoprotein (P-gp) which functions as a drug efflux pump, reducing the intracellular levelsof cytot... | Background {#Sec1} ========== The development of resistance to cytotoxic agents _represents_ a major concern in cancer chemotherapy. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is associated with over-expression of transmembrane glycoprotein (P-gp) which functions as a drug efflux pump, reducing the intracellular _levels_ _of_ cytotox... |
Introduction {#section1-2050313X19827737}
============
Congenital diaphragmatic eventration is an abnormal diaphragmatic elevation caused by insufficient or absent muscularization of the pleuroperitoneal membrane.^[@bibr1-2050313X19827737]^ It is difficult to assess the exact incidence of this abnormality because it i... | † { # section1 - 2050313x19827737 } = = = = = = = = = = = = congenital diaphragmatic eventration indicates an abnormal diaphragmatic elevation caused by insufficient or absent muscularization of the pleuroperitoneal membrane. ^ [ @ bibr1 - 2050313x19827737 ] ^ it is difficult to assess the exact incidence of this abnor... | Introduction {# section1 - 2050313X19827737} = = = = = = = = = = = = Congenital diaphragmatic eventration is an abnormal diaphragmatic elevation caused by insufficient or absent muscularization of the pleuroperitoneal membrane. ^ [@ bibr1 - 2050313X19827737] ^ It is difficult to assess the exact incidence of this abnor... | Introduction {#section1-2050313X19827737} ============ Congenital diaphragmatic eventration is an abnormal diaphragmatic elevation caused insufficient or absent muscularization of the pleuroperitoneal It is difficult to assess the exact incidence of this abnormality because is rare and generally diagnosed incidentally ... | INtRODUCTIoN {#sEcTIOn1-2050313x19827737}
============
cONGeNItAl DiaPhraGMatIC EVentrATioN iS AN aBnoRMaL DiapHRaGmaTic eLEvAtIOn CaUSeD bY INsuFfIcieNt Or ABSeNt muScuLaRIZATION Of ThE pLeURoPerItONeaL MEMbrAne.^[@bIbr1-2050313X19827737]^ It is dIFfiCuLT TO AsSEsS thE eXACt iNCIdeNcE OF ThiS abnormaliTY BECauSe It i... | Introduction {#section1-2050313X19827737} ============Congenital diaphragmatic eventration is an abnormaldiaphragmatic elevation caused by insufficient or absent muscularization of the pleuroperitoneal membrane.^[@bibr1-2050313X19827737]^ It is difficult to assess the exact incidence ofthis abnorma... | _Introduction_ {#section1-2050313X19827737} ============ Congenital _diaphragmatic_ eventration _is_ an abnormal diaphragmatic elevation caused _by_ insufficient or absent muscularization of the pleuroperitoneal membrane.^[@bibr1-2050313X19827737]^ It is difficult to assess the exact incidence of this abnormality _beca... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (c) and normal low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLc) but preponderance of small-dense, highly atherogenic particles. The increase in free fatty acids (FFAs) as degradati... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = diabetic pregnancy is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia, low high - density lipoprotein ( hdl ) cholesterol ( c ) and normal low - density lipoprotein - cholesterol ( ldlc ) but preponderance of small - dense, highly atherogenic particles. the increase in free fatty ac... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia, low high - density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (c) and normal low - density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDLc) but preponderance of small - dense, highly atherogenic particles. The increase in free fatty acids ... | Introduction {#s1} Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia, low lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (c) and normal low-density (LDLc) but preponderance of small-dense, highly atherogenic The increase in free fatty acids (FFAs) as degradation products triglycerides (TGs) associated with the developmen... | InTRODuctIOn {#S1}
============
diABeTIC DyslipiDaEmia Is CharAcTeRISeD by HYPErTRiglyCeRiDaemIa, LOw HIGH-dEnsity LiPoproTeiN (hDL) ChoLesTEroL (C) anD NOrmAL LOw-dENSiTY lIpOprOTeIN-CHoLEStERoL (ldlC) but PREpoNDeraNcE Of smaLL-DENse, hiGHLY ATheroGeNiC PArtiCLes. ThE incReaSe In FrEe FAtty AcIdS (FfAs) as dEGRadatI... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (c) and normal low-densitylipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLc) but preponderanceof small-dense,highly atherogenic particles. The increase in freefatty acids (FFAs) ... | Introduction _{#s1}_ ============ Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia, low high-density lipoprotein _(HDL)_ _cholesterol_ (c) and normal low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLc) but preponderance of small-dense, highly atherogenic particles. _The_ increase in _free_ fatty acids (FFAs) _as... |
Background
==========
Diatoms are important primary producers in the ocean \[[@B1]\], contributing approximately 40% to global marine productivity. Although diatoms often dominate phytoplankton communities in nutrient-rich ecosystems, members of this diverse group are also adapted to survive and persist in nutrient-li... | background = = = = = = = = = = diatoms are important primary producers beneath the ocean \ [ [ @ b1 ] \ ], contributing approximately 40 % to global marine productivity. although diatoms often dominate phytoplankton communities in nutrient - rich ecosystems, members of this diverse group are also adapted to survive and... | Background = = = = = = = = = = Diatoms are important primary producers in the ocean \ [[ @ B1] \ ], contributing approximately 40% to global marine productivity. Although diatoms often dominate phytoplankton communities in nutrient - rich ecosystems, members of this diverse group are also adapted to survive and persist... | Background ========== Diatoms are important primary producers in the ocean contributing approximately 40% to global marine productivity. Although diatoms often dominate phytoplankton communities in nutrient-rich ecosystems, members this diverse group are also adapted survive and persist in nutrient-limited conditions. ... | BAckgroUND
==========
diAToms ARe ImPortaNT PRimARy pRodUcERS iN tHE OceaN \[[@b1]\], coNTrIbUTINg approxImAtElY 40% tO gLobAL mARiNe pRodUctiVITy. alTHOUGH DiAtomS OfTEn DoMinATE PhyTOplankTOn CoMMUNItIeS In nUTrIEnt-RICH EcOSYSTEmS, meMbErs of this DIversE grOUP aRE ALSO adapted tO SurViVe aND pErsiSt iN nUTrieNT-LI... | Background ==========Diatoms are important primary producers in the ocean \[[@B1]\], contributing approximately 40%to global marine productivity. Although diatoms oftendominatephytoplankton communitiesin nutrient-rich ecosystems, membersofthis diverse group are also adapted tosurvive and persist in nutrient... | Background ========== Diatoms are important primary producers in the ocean \[[@B1]\], contributing approximately 40% to global marine productivity. Although _diatoms_ _often_ dominate phytoplankton _communities_ in _nutrient-rich_ ecosystems, members of _this_ diverse group are also adapted to _survive_ and persist in ... |
Handled by Yu Xue
Introduction {#s0005}
============
Cancer somatic mutations and viral oncogenes can generate tumor-specific protein sequences that are entirely absent from normal human cells. These novel proteins may result in the formation of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) [@b0005]. As an important type of TSAs, n... | handled by yu xue introduction { # s0005 } = = = = = = = = = = = = cancer somatic mutations and viral oncogenes can generate tumor - specific protein sequences that are entirely absent inside normal human cells. these novel proteins may help in the formation of tumor - specific antigens ( tsas ) [ @ b0005 ]. as an impo... | Handled by Yu Xue Introduction {# s0005} = = = = = = = = = = = = Cancer somatic mutations and viral oncogenes can generate tumor - specific protein sequences that are entirely absent from normal human cells. These novel proteins may result in the formation of tumor - specific antigens (TSAs) [@ b0005 ]. As an important... | Handled by Yu Xue Introduction {#s0005} Cancer somatic mutations and viral oncogenes can generate tumor-specific protein sequences that are absent from normal human cells. These proteins may result in the formation of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) [@b0005]. As an important type of TSAs, neoantigens are generated by tu... | haNDled bY Yu xuE
iNTRoductioN {#S0005}
============
CaNcEr sOmaTic mUTatioNs AnD vIrAL oNCogenES caN geneRaTe tumOR-SpEcIfiC proteiN SEqUEnceS That aRe eNtirElY AbsEnt frOm NOrMAL HUmaN cells. tHeSE NOVel pROteInS MaY resULt iN the FormATion oF TUmoR-speCIFIC ANTiGEnS (TSAS) [@B0005]. aS an ImPORtaNt tYPe OF TSAs, n... | Handled by Yu Xue Introduction {#s0005}============ Cancer somatic mutationsand viral oncogenes can generate tumor-specific protein sequences that are entirely absent from normal humancells. These novel proteinsmay result in the formation of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) [@b0005]. As an impor... | _Handled_ by Yu Xue Introduction {#s0005} ============ Cancer somatic mutations _and_ viral oncogenes can generate tumor-specific protein sequences _that_ _are_ entirely _absent_ from normal human cells. These novel proteins may result _in_ the formation of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) [@b0005]. As an _important_ typ... |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) is a relatively rare primary brain tumor in children \[[@R1]\]. Maximum surgical resection is considered the key and prognosis-determining factor in the treatment, followed by radiotherapy \[[@R1], [@R2]\]. Unfortunately, pediatric GBM is poorly studied at t... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = pediatric glioblastoma ( gbm ) is a relatively rare primary brain tumor in children \ [ [ @ r1 ] \ ]. maximum surgical resection is considered the key and prognosis - determining factor in the treatment, followed by radiotherapy \ [ [ @ r1 ], [ @ e ] \ ]. unfortunately, ped... | INTRODUCTION {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) is a relatively rare primary brain tumor in children \ [[ @ R1] \ ]. Maximum surgical resection is considered the key and prognosis - determining factor in the treatment, followed by radiotherapy \ [[ @ R1 ], [@ R2] \ ]. Unfortunately, pediatric G... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ Pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) is a relatively rare primary brain tumor in \[[@R1]\]. Maximum surgical resection is considered the key and prognosis-determining in the treatment, followed by radiotherapy [@R2]\]. Unfortunately, is poorly studied at the molecular and genomic levels. plays a... | IntrODUCtiOn {#s1}
============
pEDiAtRic GlIobLAsTOMA (GBm) Is a relatIVelY rarE PrIMAry bRaiN TUmOR in CHILdrEN \[[@r1]\]. MaxImUM SurgiCAl reSeCTiON Is coNsIDEReD tHE keY AND prognOSIS-deTERmINING fACtOR in the TrEatMEnt, FolLOWed By RadIOThERapY \[[@R1], [@r2]\]. UNforTuNaTely, pedIaTriC GBm Is POORlY sTuDied aT t... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ Pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) is a relativelyrare primary brain tumor inchildren \[[@R1]\]. Maximum surgicalresection is considered the key and prognosis-determining factor in the treatment, followed by radiotherapy \[[@R1], [@R2]\].Unfortunately,pediatric GBMis poorly stud... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ Pediatric _glioblastoma_ (GBM) is a relatively rare primary brain _tumor_ in _children_ \[[@R1]\]. Maximum surgical resection is considered the key and prognosis-determining factor in the treatment, followed by radiotherapy \[[@R1], [@R2]\]. _Unfortunately,_ pediatric GBM is poorly _stud... |
1. Introduction
===============
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. This disease entity was recognized in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymp... | 1. introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm ( bpdcn ) is a rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic nuclei. this disease entity was incorporated in the 2008 world health organization ( who ) classification of tumors of he... | 1. Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. This disease entity was recognized in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of hematopoi... | 1. =============== Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from precursors of dendritic This disease entity was 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, it was separately included in the group of myeloid leukemi... | 1. inTRoDUCtIOn
===============
blAsTIC PlaSmacYtoID dENdrItiC CEll NEOPlASm (bPDcn) Is A RarE aNd agGReSsIVe hEMATOLogic MALigNAnCY DerIVEd FroM PrecuRsoRS OF PlAsmACYTOiD DENdrITIc CELlS. THis diSEAse EntITy waS REcoGNiZEd IN the 2008 woRlD HealtH orgAniZATIoN (wHo) cLassIficatION oF tuMOrs OF hEmAtOpOiETic AND lYmP... | 1. Introduction=============== Blastic plasmacytoid dendriticcell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from precursorsof plasmacytoid dendritic cells.This disease entitywas recognized in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification oftumors of hematop... | 1. Introduction =============== Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare _and_ aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic _cells._ This disease entity was recognized in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of _tumors_ of hematopoietic _an... |
1. Introduction
===============
*Mycobacterium tuberculosis* is counted with justification among the most dangerous and successful microorganisms in today's world, especially in developing countries which have become the reservoir of resistant strains (the most burdened countries are in South Africa and East Asia) \[[... | 1. − = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * mycobacterium tuberculosis * is counted with justification among the most dangerous and successful microorganisms in today ' s world, particularly in developing countries which have become the reservoir of resistant strains ( the most burdened countries are in south africa and east ... | 1. Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * Mycobacterium tuberculosis * is counted with justification among the most dangerous and successful microorganisms in today ' s world, especially in developing countries which have become the reservoir of resistant strains (the most burdened countries are in South Africa a... | 1. Introduction =============== *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* counted with justification among the most dangerous and successful microorganisms in today's world, especially developing countries which have become the reservoir of resistant strains (the most countries are in South Africa and East Asia) \[[@B1-molecules-19... | 1. INtrOdUctIon
===============
*MycoBACTERIuM tUBerCuLOSiS* iS CoUnTEd wITh JuStIfiCAtIOn aMoNg ThE most DAngERouS AnD suCcessFul mIcRoORGAnisMS In Today's WORLd, ESPeCIally In devEloPING countriEs whIch HavE becoME THe rESeRVOiR oF ReSiStANt Strains (the mOSt BURDeNeD coUNtRIES ArE IN SOUth aFRIcA ANd EaSt AsIA) \[[... | 1. Introduction =============== *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* is counted with justificationamong the most dangerous and successful microorganisms in today's world,especially in developing countrieswhichhave become the reservoir of resistant strains (themost burdenedcountries are in South Africa and EastAsia)\[... | 1. Introduction =============== *Mycobacterium _tuberculosis*_ is counted with justification among the _most_ _dangerous_ and successful _microorganisms_ in today's world, especially in developing countries which have become _the_ reservoir of _resistant_ strains (the most burdened countries _are_ in South Africa and _... |
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