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PCI Alternative Using Sustained Exercise (PAUSE): Rationale and trial design.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) currently claims nearly one million lives yearly in the US, accounting for nearly 40% of all deaths. Coronary artery disease (CAD) accounts for the largest number of these deaths. While efforts aimed at treating CAD in recent decades have concentrated on surgical and catheter-based interventions, limited resources have been directed toward prevention and rehabilitation. CAD is commonly treated using percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and this treatment has increased exponentially since its adoption over three decades ago. Recent questions have been raised regarding the cost-effectiveness of PCI, the extent to which PCI is overused, and whether selected patients may benefit from optimal medical therapy in lieu of PCI. One alternative therapy that has been shown to improve outcomes in CAD is exercise therapy; exercise programs have been shown to have numerous physiological benefits, and a growing number of studies have demonstrated reductions in mortality. Given the high volume of PCI, its high cost, its lack of effect on survival and the potential for alternative treatments including exercise, the current study is termed "PCI Alternative Using Sustained Exercise" (PAUSE). The primary aim of PAUSE is to determine whether patients randomized to exercise and lifestyle intervention have greater improvement in coronary function and anatomy compared to those randomized to PCI. Coronary function and anatomy is determined using positron emission tomography combined with computed tomographic angiography (PET/CTA). Our objective is to demonstrate the utility of a non-invasive technology to document the efficacy of exercise as an alternative treatment strategy to PCI.
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healthy alternative using sustained exercise ( pause ) : rationale and trial design. cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) currently claims nearly one million lives yearly in the us, accounting for nearly 40 % of all deaths. coronary artery disease ( cad ) accounts for the largest number of these deaths. regulatory efforts aimed at treating cad in recent decades have concentrated on surgical and catheter - based interventions, limited resources have been directed toward prevention and rehabilitation. cad is commonly treated using percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ), yet this treatment has increased widely since its adoption over three decades ago. recent questions have been raised regarding the cost - effectiveness of pci, the extent to which pci is overused, and whether selected patients may benefit from optimal medical therapy in lieu of pci. one alternative therapy that has been shown to improve outcomes in cad is exercise therapy ; exercise programs have been shown to have numerous physiological benefits, and a growing number of studies have demonstrated reductions in mortality. given a high volume of pci, its high cost, its lack of effect on survival and the potential for alternative treatments including exercise, the current study is termed " pci alternative using sustained exercise " ( pause ). the primary aim of pause is to determine whether patients randomized in exercise and lifestyle intervention have greater improvement in coronary function and anatomy compared to those randomized to pci. coronary function and physiology is determined using positron emission tomography combined with computed tomographic angiography ( pet / cta ). our objective is to demonstrate their utility of a non - invasive technology to document the efficacy of exercise as an independent treatments strategy to pci.
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PCI Alternative Using Sustained Exercise (PAUSE ): Rationale and trial design. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) currently claims nearly one million K*ves yearly in the US, accounting for nearly 40% of all deaths. Coronary artery disease (CAD) accounts for the largest number of these deaths. While efforts aimed at trea6inr CAD in recent decades have concentrated on surgical and catheter - based interDentOons, limited resources have been directed toward prevention and %ehqbilitation. CAD is commonly treated using percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI ), and this treatment has increased exponentially since its adoption over tMrSe decades ago. Recent questions have been raised regarding the cost - effectiveness of PCI, the extent to which PCI is overused, and whether selected patients may benefit from optimal medical therapy in lif6 of PCI. One alternative therapy that has been shown to improve outcomes in CAD is exrrsise therapy; exercise programs have been shown to have numerous physiological benefits, and a growing number of studies have demonstrated reductions in mo4ta>ity. Given the high volume of PCI, its high cost, its lack of efdrct on survival and the potential for alternative treatments including exercise, the current study is termed " PCI Alternative Using Sustained Exercise " (PAUSE ). The primary aim of PAUSE is to determine whether patients randomized to exercise and lifestyle intervention have greater 9mprovemwnt in coronary function and anatomy compared to those randomized to PCI. Coronary function and anatomy is determined using positron emission tomography combined with computed tomographic angiography (PET / CTA ). Our objective is to demonstrate the utility of a non - invasive technology to document the efficacy of exercise as an alternative treatment strategy to PCI.
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PCI Alternative Using Sustained Exercise (PAUSE): Rationale and design. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) currently claims nearly one million lives yearly in the US, accounting for nearly 40% of all deaths. Coronary artery disease (CAD) for the largest number of these deaths. While efforts aimed at treating CAD in recent decades have concentrated on and catheter-based interventions, limited have directed toward prevention and rehabilitation. CAD is commonly treated using percutaneous coronary intervention and this treatment has increased exponentially since its adoption over three have been raised regarding the cost-effectiveness of PCI, the extent to which PCI overused, and whether selected patients may benefit from therapy in lieu of PCI. One alternative therapy that has been shown to improve in CAD is exercise therapy; exercise programs have been shown to have numerous physiological benefits, and a growing number of studies have demonstrated reductions in mortality. Given the high of PCI, its high cost, its lack of on survival and the potential treatments including exercise, current study is termed "PCI Alternative Using Sustained Exercise" (PAUSE). The primary aim PAUSE is to determine whether randomized to exercise and lifestyle intervention have greater improvement in coronary and anatomy compared to those randomized to PCI. Coronary function and is determined using positron emission tomography combined with computed tomographic angiography (PET/CTA). Our is to demonstrate the utility of a technology to document efficacy of exercise as an alternative treatment strategy to PCI.
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pCI altERnATiVE usINg suStaINEd EXErcIse (paUSE): RaTiOnaLe AnD tRIAL DESIGn.
cArDIOvasCULAR DISEASE (Cvd) CuRREnTLy cLaims NEarLY oNE MIllion lIveS YeaRlY iN ThE us, acCoUnTINg for NeaRLY 40% of ALL dEaths. CorOnaRY ARterY DISeaSE (Cad) accounTs FOr thE LaRgesT NUMbER Of THese DEAths. While eFfOrTs AIMEd at tReAtInG cAD IN reCENt dEcAdes haVe cOnCeNTrated on SuRgICAL anD caThetER-BASEd iNTERveNTIOnS, LImItEd ResOuRcEs hAVE bEen DiREcTed tOwARD PReVEnTiOn AND REHABilitATIon. caD is ComMoNlY treaTED USInG PErcUtANeoUs cORoNAry inTErVentioN (PCi), ANd tHIS TrEaTMeNT hAs iNcrEased EXpoNEnTiALLY sINCe its ADOptiOn OveR THrEE dEcaDES aGo. rEcENt qUEstIOnS HAVE beeN rAIsed reGardinG tHE cOsT-EfFecTiveness of pCi, tHe ExtenT TO WHicH pCI is OVerUSEd, aND WhEThER seLeCtED paTIentS mAY BENEfIT FroM oPtimAl MEDICal theraPy IN LiEu Of PCI. oNE alTeRnAtIvE TheRApY tHaT HAS BEEN sHoWN tO IMPrOVe OuTComeS IN cad IS exErcisE tHeRapY; eXERCISE pRogRaMS have bEen ShOWn tO hAVE NuMErous PHYSiOlogicaL BeneFITs, aND A GROWInG nUmbeR OF sTuDieS Have DEmONStratED reDucTioNs In MoRtALitY. giveN tHE HIGH VOlume oF PcI, ITS HIGH COst, ItS lACk of EfFEct oN suRVIVal aNd ThE POTeNTiAl FOr alTernATIVE TREatMenTs InClUDINg EXeRcise, the cuRrenT stuDY IS TErMed "PCI AlTErnaTIve usINg sUstAiNED EXeRCISE" (PauSE). ThE PrIMary Aim OF pausE IS TO dETERMInE WHeThER PatIenTS rANdOMiZed tO exeRcISe and liFEStYlE inteRVENtIoN hAVE gReater ImPRoVemeNt iN CoROnaRY fUNCTiOn AnD ANaTOMy CoMPaREd To tHoSe RANdomIzed To pci. coroNaRY funcTiOn AND ANatoMy is dETeRmineD uSinG pOSItROn eMIssION tOMoGraPhY CoMbInED WIth cOMpUTEd ToMOgrApHIc anGioGRApHy (pEt/Cta). oUR ObJecTIve Is TO dEmONStrAtE tHE UtiLItY Of A noN-InVASiVE tEChnoloGY TO docUMeNT The EfFicACY of Exercise AS An aLternaTIVE trEaTMENT StRatEGy To Pci.
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PCI Alternative Using Sustained Exercise (PAUSE): Rationaleand trial design. Cardiovasculardisease (CVD) currentlyclaims nearly one millionlivesyearly in theUS, accounting for nearly40% of alldeaths. Coronary artery disease (CAD) accounts forthe largest number of thesedeaths. While efforts aimedat treating CAD in recentdecades have concentrated onsurgical and catheter-based interventions,limited resources have been directedtowardprevention and rehabilitation. CAD is commonlytreated using percutaneouscoronaryintervention (PCI), and thistreatmenthas increasedexponentially since its adoptionoverthreedecades ago.Recent questions havebeen raised regardingthe cost-effectivenessof PCI, the extent to which PCI isoverused, and whether selected patients maybenefit from optimal medical therapy in lieuofPCI. Onealternative therapy that has been shown to improve outcomes in CAD is exercise therapy; exercise programs have beenshown to have numerousphysiological benefits, and a growing number of studies have demonstrated reductionsinmortality. Given the high volume of PCI, its high cost, its lack of effect on survival and the potential for alternative treatmentsincluding exercise, the currentstudy is termed "PCI Alternative Using Sustained Exercise" (PAUSE). The primary aim ofPAUSEis to determine whether patients randomized to exercise and lifestyle intervention have greater improvement in coronary function andanatomy compared to those randomized to PCI.Coronary function and anatomy isdeterminedusing positron emission tomography combined with computed tomographic angiography (PET/CTA). Ourobjective isto demonstrate theutility of a non-invasive technology to documentthe efficacy of exercise asan alternative treatment strategy to PCI.
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PCI Alternative Using Sustained Exercise (PAUSE): Rationale and trial design. Cardiovascular _disease_ (CVD) currently claims nearly one million lives yearly in the _US,_ accounting for nearly 40% of _all_ deaths. Coronary _artery_ disease (CAD) accounts for _the_ largest number of these _deaths._ While efforts _aimed_ at treating CAD in recent _decades_ have concentrated on surgical and catheter-based interventions, limited resources have been directed toward prevention _and_ rehabilitation. _CAD_ is _commonly_ treated using percutaneous _coronary_ _intervention_ (PCI), and this treatment has _increased_ _exponentially_ _since_ its adoption over three decades ago. Recent questions have been raised regarding the _cost-effectiveness_ _of_ PCI, _the_ extent to which PCI is _overused,_ and whether selected patients _may_ benefit _from_ optimal medical therapy in lieu of PCI. _One_ alternative therapy that has been shown to improve outcomes in _CAD_ is _exercise_ therapy; _exercise_ programs have been shown to have numerous _physiological_ benefits, and a _growing_ number of studies _have_ _demonstrated_ reductions _in_ _mortality._ _Given_ the high _volume_ of PCI, _its_ high _cost,_ its _lack_ of effect on _survival_ and the potential for alternative treatments _including_ exercise, the current study is termed "PCI Alternative Using Sustained Exercise" (PAUSE). _The_ primary aim of PAUSE is to determine whether patients randomized to exercise and lifestyle intervention have _greater_ improvement in coronary function and _anatomy_ compared _to_ those randomized _to_ PCI. Coronary function and _anatomy_ _is_ determined using positron _emission_ tomography _combined_ with _computed_ tomographic _angiography_ (PET/CTA). _Our_ objective is to demonstrate the utility of a _non-invasive_ technology to document the efficacy of exercise as an alternative treatment _strategy_ to PCI.
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TiO2 nanotubes for bone regeneration.
Nanostructured materials are believed to play a fundamental role in orthopedic research because bone itself has a structural hierarchy at the first level in the nanometer regime. Here, we report on titanium oxide (TiO(2)) surface nanostructures utilized for orthopedic implant considerations. Specifically, the effects of TiO(2) nanotube surfaces for bone regeneration will be discussed. This unique 3D tube shaped nanostructure created by electrochemical anodization has profound effects on osteogenic cells and is stimulating new avenues for orthopedic material surface designs. There is a growing body of data elucidating the benefits of using TiO(2) nanotubes for enhanced orthopedic implant surfaces. The current trends discussed within foreshadow the great potential of TiO(2) nanotubes for clinical use.
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tio2 nanotubes for bone regeneration. nanostructured cells are believed to play a fundamental role in orthopedic research because bone itself exhibits a crystal hierarchy at the first level in the nanometer regime. here, we expand on titanium ceramic ( tio ( 2 ) ) surface nanostructures utilized for orthopedic implant preparation. specifically, the benefits of tio ( 2 ) manufacturing surfaces for bone regeneration will be discussed. this unique 3d tube shaped nanostructure created by electrochemical anodization has profound effects against osteogenic cells and is stimulating new avenues for orthopedic device surface designs. there is a growing body of data elucidating the benefits of using tio ( 2 ) nanotubes for enhanced orthopedic implant surfaces. the current trends discussed within foreshadow the great potential of tio ( 2 ) nanotubes for clinical use.
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TiO2 nanotuNws for bone regfneratioH. Nankstruc%ured materials are believed to play a fundamental role in PrthopediS research because bone itself has a structural hierarchy at the first level in the nanomSt#r regime. Here, we report on titanium oxide (TiO (2) ) sjrfAce nanostructures utilized for orthopedic implant considerations. Specifically, the effects of TiO (2) nanotube surfaces for bone regeneration will be discussed. This unique 3D tube shaped nanostructure created by elechrocheKical anodization has profound effects on osteogenic cells and is stimulating new avenues for ortjopedkc materiW: surface designs. There is a growing body of data elucidating the benefits of using TiO (2) nanotubes for enhanced orthopedic implant surfaces. The current trends discussed within foreshadow the great potential of TiO (2) nanotubes for DliHical use.
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TiO2 for bone regeneration. Nanostructured are believed to play a fundamental role in orthopedic research because bone itself has a structural hierarchy the first level in the nanometer regime. Here, we report on titanium oxide (TiO(2)) surface nanostructures for orthopedic implant considerations. Specifically, the effects of TiO(2) nanotube for bone regeneration will be discussed. This unique tube nanostructure created by electrochemical anodization has profound effects on osteogenic cells and is stimulating new avenues for orthopedic material surface designs. There is growing body of data elucidating the of using TiO(2) for enhanced orthopedic implant surfaces. The current trends discussed within the great potential of TiO(2) nanotubes for clinical use.
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tIo2 NanOTUBeS FoR BoNe REGEneRATIOn.
NaNOstRuCtURED MaTeRIALS arE beliEved to PlaY a fUNdAmeNTal ROlE iN ORThOpediC rEsEARch BeCAuSe BoNE ItselF Has a strUcturaL HIERaRcHy At The First leVEl iN ThE nAnoMETer reGIMe. hERE, wE rEPorT On TITANIUM OXIDE (TIO(2)) SURfacE NaNostRUCTURES UtilIzed for OrtHOPEdic ImpLaNT COnsiDerAtIoNs. spECifICAlLY, The EffeCts OF tio(2) NANoTUbE SurFacEs fOR bONE regeNERatioN WIll be diScusSED. ThIS UNIQue 3d TUbe shapeD NAnOsTRUCTurE CrEATEd bY elEctrocHEMIcAl anodIZATIon hAs ProfoUND EfFEcts on osTeOGEnIC CelLs ANd IS sTimULaTing NeW AvENUeS FoR OrThOPEDIc MateRIAL sURfaCe DesiGNS. thEre IS A GrowIng BODy Of DAta ELuCidAtING tHE BeNEfiTs OF usiNG TiO(2) naNOTUbeS fOr eNhAnced OrtHopEdic IMplAnt SURFacES. THe CUrrent trenDs DIsCuSsed wIThIN FoREShadOw THE GReat POTENTIAl of tio(2) nAnOTUBEs FOr cLinIcAl Use.
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TiO2nanotubes for boneregeneration. Nanostructured materials are believed to play afundamentalrole in orthopedic research because boneitselfhas a structural hierarchy atthefirst level in the nanometer regime. Here, wereport on titanium oxide (TiO(2)) surfacenanostructures utilized for orthopedic implantconsiderations. Specifically, the effects of TiO(2) nanotube surfaces for bone regeneration willbe discussed. This unique 3D tube shaped nanostructurecreated by electrochemical anodization has profound effects on osteogeniccells andis stimulating new avenues for orthopedic materialsurface designs.There is a growingbody of data elucidatingthe benefits ofusing TiO(2) nanotubes for enhanced orthopedic implantsurfaces. The current trends discussed within foreshadow the great potential of TiO(2) nanotubes forclinical use.
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_TiO2_ nanotubes for bone regeneration. Nanostructured materials _are_ _believed_ _to_ play a fundamental role in orthopedic research because bone itself has a structural hierarchy at the first level in the nanometer regime. _Here,_ we report on titanium oxide (TiO(2)) surface nanostructures utilized for orthopedic implant _considerations._ Specifically, _the_ effects of _TiO(2)_ nanotube surfaces for bone regeneration will _be_ discussed. _This_ unique 3D _tube_ shaped nanostructure _created_ by electrochemical anodization has profound effects on osteogenic _cells_ and _is_ stimulating new avenues for orthopedic material surface designs. There is a _growing_ _body_ of data elucidating the _benefits_ of using TiO(2) nanotubes for _enhanced_ orthopedic implant surfaces. _The_ current trends discussed within foreshadow the great potential _of_ TiO(2) _nanotubes_ _for_ clinical use.
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Standardised protocol for primate faecal analysis.
Macroscopic analysis of primate faeces as a way to study diet is well established, but lack of standardisation of methods may handicap comparative studies of the resulting data. Here we present a proven technique, including equipment and supplies, protocol and procedure, that yields quantitative data suitable for systematic investigation within and across primate taxa. As the problems of habituation become more obvious, the application of such indirect methods may increase in usefulness.
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standardised protocol for primate faecal analysis. macroscopic analysis of primate faeces as a way to study diet is currently established, but lack of standardisation of methods may handicap comparative studies in the model animal. here they present a proven technique, including equipment and supplies, protocol and procedure, that yields quantitative data suitable for systematic investigation from ecology across mammalian taxa. as underlying problems of habituation become especially obvious, the application of such indirect methods may increase in usefulness.
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Standardised protocol for prima^D faecal analysis. Macroscopic analysis of primate faeces as a way to st*ey ci$t is 1ekl estaglisJed, but lack of standardisation of jethoXs may handicap comparative stid*es of the resulting data. Here we preqrnt a proven technique, including equipment and supplies, protocol and procedure, that yields quantitative data suitable for systematof investigation within and across primate taxa. As the problems of habituation become N9re obvious, the application of such indirect methods may increase in usefulness.
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Standardised for analysis. Macroscopic analysis of primate faeces as way to study diet is established, but lack of standardisation of methods may handicap comparative studies of the resulting data. Here present a technique, including equipment and supplies, protocol and procedure, that yields quantitative data suitable for systematic investigation within and across primate taxa. As the problems of habituation become more obvious, the application of such indirect methods may increase in usefulness.
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StaNdaRdisEd pRoTOcOl for PrimAtE FaecAL AnalySIs.
MAcRoscOpic aNaLYSiS OF pRimatE fAeCeS aS a Way To STuDY DIeT iS welL EsTAblISHed, bUT lack Of sTaNdArdisatION Of mEthOds May hanDiCap COmparative STudIES OF the rESulTINg DATA. HERe wE pReseNT A proVEn TeChniQue, INclUDiNG equiPmENt and sUPPLies, PROTOCOl AND PRoceDuRE, tHAT YIEldS quANtITAtIve DATa SUiTAblE For SystematIC INVEStIgATion wIthIN aNd aCRosS PRiMaTe TAXA. as the PRoBlemS of HABituAtiOn BECOme mOre oBVIous, The aPplIcaTion oF sUCH INdireCT MeThODS MaY INCREaSe IN uSeFULNess.
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Standardised protocol for primate faecal analysis. Macroscopic analysis of primate faeces as a way to study diet is well established, but lack of standardisation of methods mayhandicap comparative studies of the resulting data. Here we present a proven technique, including equipment and supplies, protocol and procedure, that yieldsquantitative data suitable forsystematic investigation within and across primate taxa. As the problems ofhabituation become more obvious, the application of such indirect methods may increase in usefulness.
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Standardised protocol for _primate_ faecal analysis. _Macroscopic_ analysis of primate faeces _as_ a way _to_ study diet is well established, but lack of standardisation of methods may handicap comparative studies of the resulting data. Here we present a proven technique, _including_ _equipment_ _and_ supplies, protocol and _procedure,_ that _yields_ quantitative data suitable for systematic investigation within and across primate taxa. As _the_ problems of habituation become _more_ _obvious,_ the application of such indirect _methods_ may _increase_ in usefulness.
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Examination of factors affecting gait properties in healthy older adults: focusing on knee extension strength, visual acuity, and knee joint pain.
Gait properties change with age because of a decrease in lower limb strength and visual acuity or knee joint disorders. Gait changes commonly result from these combined factors. This study aimed to examine the effects of knee extension strength, visual acuity, and knee joint pain on gait properties of for 181 healthy female older adults (age: 76.1 (5.7) years). Walking speed, cadence, stance time, swing time, double support time, step length, step width, walking angle, and toe angle were selected as gait parameters. Knee extension strength was measured by isometric dynamometry; and decreased visual acuity and knee joint pain were evaluated by subjective judgment whether or not such factors created a hindrance during walking. Among older adults without vision problems and knee joint pain that affected walking, those with superior knee extension strength had significantly greater walking speed and step length than those with inferior knee extension strength (P < .05). Persons with visual acuity problems had higher cadence and shorter stance time. In addition, persons with pain in both knees showed slower walking speed and longer stance time and double support time. A decrease of knee extension strength and visual acuity and knee joint pain are factors affecting gait in the female older adults. Decreased knee extension strength and knee joint pain mainly affect respective distance and time parameters of the gait.
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examination of factors affecting gait properties in healthy older adults : focusing on knee extension strength, visual acuity, and medial joint pain. gait properties change with age because of a decrease in lower limb strength and visual acuity or knee length disorders. gait changes commonly result from these combined factors. this study aimed to examine the effects of knee extension strength, visual acuity, and knee joint pain on gait properties of for 181 healthy female older adults ( age : 13. 1 ( 5. 7 ) years ). walking speed, cadence, stance time, swing time, double support time, step length, step width, walking angle, and toe angle were selected as gait parameters. knee functional strength was measured by isometric dynamometry ; and decreased visual acuity and knee joint pain were evaluated by subjective judgment whether or not combined factors created a hindrance during walking. among older adults the vision problems and knee joint pain commonly affected walking, those showing superior knee extension strength had significantly greater walking speed and step length on those with inferior knee extension strength ( p <. 05 ). persons with visual acuity problems had higher cadence and shorter stance time. in addition, persons with pain in both knees showed slower walking speed and longer stance time and double support time. a decrease of knee extension strength and visual acuity and knee joint pain are factors concerning gait in the female older adults. decreased knee extension strength and knee joint pain mainly affect respective distance and time parameters of the gait.
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Examination of factors affecting gait properties in healthy older adults: focusing on Ln#e extension strength, visual acuity, and knee joint pain. Gait properties change with age because of a decrease in .lwer limb strength and visual acuity or knee joint disorders. Gait changes commonly result from these combined factors. This study aimed to examine the effects of knee extension strength, visual acuity, and knee joint )aiB on gait properties of for 181 healthy female older adults (age: 76. 1 (5. 7) years ). Walking speed, cadence, stance time, swing time, double support time, step length, step width, walking aGgpe, and toe angle were selected as gait parameters. Knee extension strength was measured by isometric dynamometry; and decreased visual acuity and knee joint pain were evaluated by subjective judgment whether or not such factors created a hindrance during walking. Am*nH older adults without vision problems and knee joint pain that affected walking, those with superior knee extension strength had siRnificantl5 greater walking speed and step lenytU than those with inferior knee extension sFrengtt (P <. 05 ). Persons with visual acuity problems had higher cadence and shorter stance time. In addition, persons with pain in both knees sMLwed slower walking speed and longer stance time and double support time. A decrease of knee extension strength and disuap acuity and knee joint pain are factors affecting gait in the female older adults. Decreased knee extension strength and knee joint pain mainly affect respective distance and time parameters of the gait.
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of factors affecting gait properties in healthy older adults: focusing on knee strength, visual acuity, and knee joint pain. Gait properties change with age of a in lower limb strength and visual or knee joint disorders. Gait changes commonly result from these combined factors. This study aimed to the effects of knee extension strength, visual acuity, and knee joint pain on properties of for 181 female older adults (age: 76.1 (5.7) years). Walking speed, cadence, stance swing time, double support time, step length, step width, walking angle, and toe angle were selected as gait parameters. Knee extension strength was measured by dynamometry; and decreased visual acuity and knee joint pain were by subjective judgment whether or not such factors created hindrance during walking. Among older adults vision problems knee joint pain that affected walking, those with superior knee extension strength had significantly walking speed and step length than those with inferior knee extension (P < Persons with visual acuity problems had higher cadence and shorter stance time. In addition, persons with pain in knees showed slower walking speed and longer stance time and double time. A decrease of knee extension strength and visual acuity knee joint pain are factors affecting gait in female older adults. knee extension strength and knee joint pain affect respective distance and time parameters of gait.
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eXamINAtIoN OF FAcTOrS AFfeCtIng GaIt PropErTIEs IN heAlthy olDEr adULTs: fOCUSING on kNee eXtENSiOn sTrenGtH, viSUal ACuiTy, AnD kNEE JOINt PaiN.
gaIT pROpERTies cHAnGE witH Age BECAUsE oF a dEcreasE in lower lImB STReNGTH anD visUal ACuiTY OR KnEE jOinT DISORDeRS. GaIt chaNgEs commONlY rEsULT FrOM ThEse comBinEd FaCTorS. tHIs sTudy AIMEd to ExAMINe The EFfeCtS OF kNee EXTENsiON streNGTh, visUAl AcUIty, aND KNEe jOInT pAIn oN GaIT PrOPERtIEs OF FoR 181 hEAlthy feMAlE OLDEr AdULTs (AgE: 76.1 (5.7) Years). wAlKing SPeED, cADence, sTANcE timE, SwIng tImE, doUble sUpPOrt tiMe, STeP lengTh, sTEP wIDTH, WAlKINg anglE, aNd TOe ANGLe WEre SELECTEd as gAit pAraMeTERs. kNeE exTenSiOn stReNgth wAs meASUREd bY isomeTrIC dYnAMOMEtRy; And dEcreAsED visuAL acUIty aNd knee jOINT pAIn WERe evaLuaTEd BY suBjecTiVe jUDgmEnT WHETher Or nOt sUcH FActOrS CReated A hIndRanCe DURInG wAlkinG. AMONg oLDer adulTs WithoUT VIsiOn PROblemS And knEe joINt Pain thAt AfFeCtEd WAlkiNg, thOSe wiTh suPEriOR kNeE EXTEnSion STRenGTH HaD SigniFicantlY GrEateR wALKinG sPeED AnD SteP leNgTH ThAN ThosE WITh iNfeRior KnEe EXtENSiON STreNGtH (P < .05). PersoNs With VisuAl ACUiTy proBLems hAd HighER cAdEncE ANd SHortEr sTAncE TimE. in addiTiOn, PErsONs wItH PAIN iN bOth knEEs SHOWEd SLOwer walkING SpeEd ANd lOngeR staNcE TiMe And douBle SuPPOrt tiME. A DecrEaSe Of kNEe ExTenSion StreNGtH ANd visuaL acUitY aND Knee jOinT pain arE fACtORs aFFeCting gAiT iN the FEmAlE oLDER aDUlTS. decreaSeD KnEe EXTeNsION STRenGTH AND kNee joiNT PAIn MaInLY aFFecT reSPeCtivE DisTAncE And TIMe parAmETErs OF the gait.
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Examination of factors affecting gait properties in healthyolder adults: focusing on knee extensionstrength, visual acuity, andknee joint pain. Gait propertieschange with age because ofa decrease in lower limb strength and visual acuity or knee joint disorders. Gait changes commonly result from these combined factors. This study aimed to examine the effects ofknee extension strength, visual acuity, and knee joint pain on gaitproperties of for 181 healthy female older adults (age: 76.1 (5.7) years).Walking speed, cadence,stance time, swing time, doublesupport time, step length, step width, walking angle, and toe angle wereselected as gait parameters. Knee extension strength was measured by isometric dynamometry; and decreased visual acuity and knee joint pain were evaluated by subjective judgment whetheror not such factors created a hindrance during walking. Among older adults without vision problems andkneejoint pain that affected walking, those with superior knee extension strength had significantlygreater walking speed and step length than those with inferior knee extension strength(P < .05). Personswith visual acuity problems had higher cadence and shorter stance time. In addition, persons with pain in both knees showed slower walkingspeedand longerstance time and double support time. A decrease of knee extensionstrength andvisual acuity and knee joint pain arefactorsaffecting gait in the female older adults. Decreased knee extension strength and knee jointpain mainly affect respectivedistance andtime parameters of the gait.
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Examination _of_ _factors_ affecting gait properties in _healthy_ older adults: focusing on knee extension _strength,_ _visual_ acuity, _and_ knee joint pain. Gait properties change _with_ age because _of_ a _decrease_ in lower limb _strength_ and visual _acuity_ or knee joint disorders. Gait changes commonly result from these combined factors. This study aimed to examine the _effects_ of knee extension strength, visual acuity, _and_ knee joint pain on _gait_ properties _of_ for _181_ healthy female older adults _(age:_ _76.1_ _(5.7)_ years). Walking speed, cadence, stance time, swing time, double support time, step length, step width, walking _angle,_ _and_ toe _angle_ were selected as gait parameters. _Knee_ extension strength was measured by isometric _dynamometry;_ and decreased visual acuity and knee joint pain _were_ evaluated by subjective judgment _whether_ or not such factors created a hindrance _during_ walking. Among older adults _without_ vision problems and knee joint pain that affected walking, those _with_ superior knee _extension_ strength had _significantly_ _greater_ walking speed and step _length_ _than_ those _with_ inferior knee _extension_ _strength_ (P < _.05)._ Persons with _visual_ acuity problems had higher cadence and shorter stance _time._ In addition, persons with pain in both _knees_ showed _slower_ _walking_ speed and longer stance _time_ and _double_ _support_ _time._ A decrease of knee extension strength and visual acuity and _knee_ joint pain are factors affecting _gait_ in the female older adults. _Decreased_ knee extension strength and knee joint _pain_ mainly affect _respective_ distance and _time_ parameters of the gait.
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Formulation and application of a biosurfactant from Bacillus methylotrophicus as collector in the flotation of oily water in industrial environment.
The present study describes the formulation of a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus UCP1616 and investigates its long-term stability for application as a collector in a bench-scale dissolved air flotation (DAF) prototype. For formulation, the conservative potassium sorbate was added to the biosurfactant with or without prior heat treatment at 80 °C for 30 min. After formulation, the biosurfactant samples were stored at room temperature for 180 days and the tensioactive properties of the biomolecule were determined with different pH values, temperatures and concentrations of salt. Then, a central composite rotatable design was used to evaluate the influence of the independent variables (effluent flow rate and formulated biosurfactant flow rate) on the oil removal efficiency in the DAF prototype. The formulated biosurfactant demonstrated good stability in both conservation methods, with tolerance to a wide pH range, salinity and high temperatures, enabling its use in environments with extreme conditions. The efficiency of the formulated biomolecule through heating and addition of sorbate was demonstrated by the 92% oil removal rate in the DAF prototype. The findings demonstrate that the biosurfactant from Bacillus methylotrophicus enhances the efficiency of the DAF process, making this technology cleaner. This biosurfactant can assist in the mitigation and management of industrial effluents, contributing toward a reduction in environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based hydrocarbons.
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formulation and application of a biosurfactant from bacillus methylotrophicus as collector in rapid flotation of oily water in industrial environment. the present study involves the formulation of a substance produced by bacillus methylotrophicus ucp1616 and investigates its long - term stability for use as a collector in a bench - scale dissolved air flotation ( daf ) prototype. for formulation, the conservative potassium sorbate was added to the biosurfactant with or without prior heat treatment at 80 °c for 80 min. after formulation, the biosurfactant samples were stored at room temperature for 180 days and the tensioactive properties of the biomolecule were determined with different ph requirements, temperatures and concentrations of salt. then, then central composite rotatable design was used to evaluate the influence of the independent variables ( effluent flow rate and variable biosurfactant flow rate ) on the oil removal efficiency in the daf prototype. the formulated biosurfactant demonstrated good stability in both conservation methods, with tolerance to a wide ph requirement, salinity and high temperatures, enabling its use in environments with extreme conditions. the strength of the formulated biomolecule through heating and addition of sorbate was demonstrated by the 92 % oil removal rate in the daf prototype. the findings demonstrate that the biosurfactant from bacillus methylotrophicus enhances the efficiency of the daf process, making this technology cleaner. this biosurfactant can assist in the mitigation and management of industrial effluents, contributing toward a reduction in environmental pollution caused by petroleum - based hydrocarbons.
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Formulation and application of a biosurfactant from Bacillus methylotrophicus as collector in the flotation of oily water in industrial environment. The present study describes the formulation of a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus UCP1616 and investigates its long - term stability for application as a collector in a bench - scale dissolved air flotation (DAF) prototype. For formulation, the conservative potassium sorbate was added to the biosurfactant with or without prior heat treatment at 80 ° C for 30 min. After formulation, the biosurfactant samples were stored at room temperstuGe for 180 days and the tensioactive properties of the biomolecule were determined with different pH values, temperatures and concentrations of salt. Then, a central composite rotaFaFle deDiTn was used to evaluate the influence of the independent variables (effluent flow rate and formulated biosurfactant flow rate) on the oil removal efficiency in the DAF prototype. The formulated biosuTfactznt demonstrated g(Pd stability in both conservation methods, with tolerance to a wide pH rabgW, salinity and high temperatures, enabling its use in environments with extreme conditions. The efficiency of the formulated biomolecule through heating and addition of sorbate was demonstrated by the 92% oil removal rate in the DAF protityp@. The findings demonstrate that the biosurfactant from Bacillus methylotrophicus enhances the efficiency of the DAF process, making this technology cieane5. This biosurfactant can sssiDt in the mitigation and management of industrial effluents, contributing toward a reduction in environmental pollution SausRd by petroleum - based hydrocarbons.
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Formulation application of a from Bacillus methylotrophicus as collector in the flotation of oily water in industrial environment. The study describes of a produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus UCP1616 and investigates its long-term for application as a collector in a bench-scale dissolved air flotation (DAF) prototype. For formulation, the conservative potassium sorbate was added to the biosurfactant with without prior heat treatment at 80 °C for 30 min. After formulation, the biosurfactant samples were stored at room temperature for 180 days and the tensioactive properties of the biomolecule were determined with different pH values, temperatures and concentrations of salt. Then, a rotatable design was used to evaluate the influence of the variables (effluent rate formulated flow rate) on the oil removal efficiency in the DAF prototype. The formulated biosurfactant demonstrated good stability in conservation methods, with tolerance to a wide pH range, salinity and high temperatures, enabling its use in environments with extreme The efficiency of the formulated through heating and addition sorbate was demonstrated by the 92% oil removal rate the DAF prototype. The findings demonstrate that the biosurfactant from Bacillus methylotrophicus enhances efficiency of the DAF process, making this technology cleaner. biosurfactant can assist in the mitigation and management of industrial effluents, contributing toward a reduction in environmental caused petroleum-based hydrocarbons.
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FormulatIon AND APPLIcAtIOn OF A BiOSUrFAcTANT frOm BaciLLUS MeThyLOTrOphIcus AS cOLlECtor iN THe fLOTATION oF OiLY wateR In INDuSTriaL ENVIRONMEnt.
THE preSEnt StudY deSCrIBES tHE FORmULAtION oF A BiOSurfacTAnt PrODucEd bY baCiLLus methyloTropHiCUs ucp1616 AND INvEsTiGates ItS LoNG-Term stabiliTy FOr apPlIcatiOn aS a colLecTor In A benCh-SCALe DisSOlVeD AiR flOtAtioN (daF) pROtoTypE. FoR formulATIOn, ThE cONsERvATiVE poTAsSiUm sorbate WaS ADDEd to THE bIoSurfACTANt witH Or wiThoUt PrioR heAT TReAtMENT At 80 °C foR 30 MIn. AFtEr FOrmuLatION, THE BIoSUrfaCTanT SaMplES weRE STOReD At rOom TEmPerAtURe FoR 180 DayS AnD THe TensIoaCTIVe PrOPErTIES oF THe BIomoleCuLE wEre detERminED wIth DIffEReNT PH vAlUes, tEMPerATuRes anD cONCENTRatiONs Of salt. tHEN, a CEntrAl comPOsiTe RotATABLE dEsIgn Was Used to eValuatE THe InFLUeNCe oF the iNdePendENT vAriabLeS (eFFLuENt flow RAte AnD FORmulateD bIosuRfacTANT FlOW ratE) ON tHe OIL rEMOVAl EffIcIEnCY in tHe Daf pRotOtYPe. tHe FOrmulaTEd biOsUrFActANT dEmoNstRAtED GoOd sTAbIlIty In boTH coNsERVATioN methods, WitH TOlErAnce to A WIDe pH Range, SaLINitY aND higH TEmPERatures, eNABLiNG ITs uSe IN EnvIRONmeNTs WIth ExtremE cOnditIONs. The effiCiEncy of the foRMULaTEd biOmOLECUlE ThrOugh HeAtinG anD addiTIoN of SoRBATe WAs deMOnSTRAteD BY The 92% OIl rEMOvAl RATE in tHe dAf PRoTOtyPE. tHe FiNDInGs DeMoNsTRaTE That The BiosuRfaCTaNt froM baciLlUs meThylotrOPhIcUs EnHANCeS THE EFfiCIeNCY OF thE DAf pROCeSS, makINg thiS techNolOgY ClEaNEr. thiS bIoSurfActAnT Can asSisT iN tHE miTIgaTioN And manaGEmenT of InDUstrIal EffLUENtS, coNtRiBUTiNG TOwaRD A rEDucTiOn IN enViROnmEntaL polLuTION CauSEd By peTROlEuM-baseD HydROcARbONs.
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Formulation and application of a biosurfactant from Bacillus methylotrophicus as collector in the flotation of oily water in industrial environment. The present study describes the formulation of a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus UCP1616 andinvestigates its long-term stability for application as a collector in a bench-scale dissolvedair flotation (DAF) prototype.For formulation, the conservative potassium sorbate was added to thebiosurfactant with orwithout priorheat treatment at 80 °C for 30 min. After formulation, the biosurfactant samples were storedat room temperaturefor 180days andthe tensioactive properties ofthe biomolecule were determined with different pH values, temperaturesand concentrations ofsalt. Then, a centralcomposite rotatable designwas used to evaluate the influence of the independentvariables (effluent flow rate andformulated biosurfactant flow rate) on the oil removal efficiency in the DAF prototype. The formulated biosurfactant demonstrated good stability in bothconservation methods, with tolerance to a wide pH range,salinity and hightemperatures, enabling its use in environments with extreme conditions.Theefficiency of the formulated biomoleculethrough heating and addition of sorbatewas demonstrated by the 92% oil removal rate in theDAF prototype. Thefindings demonstrate that thebiosurfactant from Bacillusmethylotrophicus enhances the efficiency of the DAF process, making this technologycleaner. Thisbiosurfactant can assist in the mitigation and management of industrial effluents, contributing toward a reduction in environmental pollution caused by petroleum-basedhydrocarbons.
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Formulation _and_ application _of_ a biosurfactant from Bacillus methylotrophicus as collector in the flotation of oily water in industrial environment. The present study _describes_ _the_ formulation of a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus _UCP1616_ and _investigates_ its long-term stability _for_ application _as_ a collector _in_ a bench-scale dissolved air flotation (DAF) prototype. For _formulation,_ _the_ conservative potassium _sorbate_ was added to the _biosurfactant_ with or without prior heat treatment at 80 _°C_ for 30 min. After formulation, the biosurfactant _samples_ were stored at room temperature for 180 days and the tensioactive properties of _the_ biomolecule were determined with different pH _values,_ temperatures _and_ concentrations of salt. Then, a central composite rotatable _design_ _was_ used to evaluate _the_ _influence_ of the independent variables (effluent flow rate and formulated _biosurfactant_ flow rate) on the oil removal efficiency _in_ the DAF prototype. The formulated _biosurfactant_ demonstrated good stability _in_ both conservation _methods,_ with tolerance to a wide pH range, _salinity_ and _high_ temperatures, _enabling_ its use in environments with extreme conditions. _The_ efficiency of the formulated biomolecule through heating and addition of sorbate was demonstrated by _the_ 92% _oil_ removal _rate_ in the DAF prototype. The findings demonstrate that the biosurfactant from Bacillus methylotrophicus enhances the _efficiency_ of the DAF process, _making_ _this_ technology cleaner. This biosurfactant can _assist_ in the _mitigation_ and management of _industrial_ effluents, contributing toward a _reduction_ in environmental _pollution_ caused by petroleum-based hydrocarbons.
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Computer assisted learning: the potential for teaching and assessing in nursing.
This article discusses computer assisted learning (CAL) and the importance of applying it in nurse education. The articles recognizes the general technological developments as exemplified by the Teaching and Learning Technology Programme (TLTP) from which ideas about application and benefits came. The ideas from TLTP are hereby used in CAL and applied to nursing and health-care undergraduate programmes in one university. In the light of this experience the main intention of this article is to consider the benefits and costs of introducing computer programmes as part of the teaching provision for nurses and other health-care professionals both at beginner and advanced level. The article further argues that CAL can also be used for patient teaching thus providing transferable skills and benefits for teachers as well as learners, be they students or patients. To support such multiple uses of CAL selected examples will be offered and appropriate conclusions will be drawn.
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computer assisted learning : the potential for teaching and assessing in nursing. this article discusses computer assisted training ( cal ) and the importance of applying it in nurse education. the articles recognizes the general technological developments as exemplified by advanced teaching and learning technology programme ( tltp ) from which ideas about application and benefits come. the ideas from it already hereby used in cal and applied to nursing and health - care undergraduate programmes in one university. in the absence of this experience the main aim of this article is to consider the benefits and costs of introducing computer programmes as part of the teaching provision for nurses and other health - service professionals both at beginner and advanced level. the article broadly argues that cal can also be used for patient teaching thus providing transferable skills and benefits for teachers as well as learners, be they students or patients. to support such multiple uses of cal selected examples shall be offered and appropriate conclusions will be drawn.
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Computer assisted learning: the potential for teaching and QssessUng in nursing. This article discusses computer Qss*sted learning (CAL) and the importance of aplkying it in nurse education. The articles recognizes the general technological developments as exemplified by the Teaching and Learning TechMo<ogy Programme (TLTP) from which ideas about application and benefits came. The ideas from TLTP are hereby used in CAL and applied to nursing and health - care undergraduate programmes in one university. In the l*tht of this experience the main intention of 5hiD article is to consider the benefits and costs of introducing computer programmes as part of the teaching provision for nurses and ohhWr health - care professionals both at beginner and advanced l#Bel. The article fu55her argues that CAL can also be used for patient teaching thus providing transCersble skills and benefits for teachers as well as learners, be they students or patients. To support such multiple uses of CAL selected examples will be offered and appropriate conclusions will be drawn.
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assisted learning: the potential teaching and assessing in nursing. This article discusses computer assisted learning (CAL) and the importance applying it in nurse education. The articles recognizes the general technological developments as exemplified by the Teaching and Learning Technology Programme (TLTP) from which ideas about application and benefits came. The from TLTP hereby used in CAL and applied to nursing health-care undergraduate programmes in one university. the light of this experience the main intention of this article is to consider the benefits and costs of computer programmes as part of the teaching provision for nurses and other health-care professionals both at beginner and advanced level. The article further that CAL can also used for patient teaching thus providing transferable skills and benefits teachers as well as learners, they students or patients. support such multiple uses of CAL examples will and appropriate conclusions will be drawn.
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ComPuTER ASsISteD leARnInG: tHE PoTenTIAl for TEAchInG And ASsESsInG IN NURSING.
THiS aRTICle disCusSeS cOMPuTEr ASsIStEd LEaRnING (cal) aNd tHe iMPoRtaNcE oF applyiNG IT IN nUrSE eDuCAtION. the ARtIcleS rEcOgnIzEs tHe GENeRal TechNologiCAL dEveLopMeNts as ExemPLIFIED by ThE teaChIng And leArninG tECHnOloGY PRogRAmmE (tLTP) from WHiCH idEas abouT APPlICaTION and benEfIts CAMe. the iDEas FROm TLTP ARE HeREbY Used in cAl anD APPLIed TO nUrsIng aNd hEAlth-CARe UnDErGRAdUATE PROGRAmmEs iN ONE UNiVErSItY. In the LIgHT OF thIs ExPERiEncE thE MAiN InTenTIOn oF ThIs aRTICLE is to ConSiDeR The beNefiTs anD CoSts of INTROdUCiNG cOmPuTer pROGrAmMes aS PARt oF thE teaChIng ProvISiON fOr nursES And other hEALth-cArE prOFEsSionAls both at BEGInNer And aDvanCEd leVel. tHE ArTIcLe fURtHER arGueS THaT CAL cAn ALso BE USeD foR PatIEnT teACHiNG thUs prOViDinG TRAnsferABLe SkIlLS AND BeNefIts fOR tEAcHeRs As WElL As LEArnERs, Be they sTUdeNts Or paTiENTS. to suPPOrT sUch MUltiPle uSes oF CAL sEleCTED eXAMples WiLl be oFFeRED and approPrIatE ConCLusIonS Will BE drawn.
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Computer assistedlearning: the potential for teaching andassessing in nursing. This article discusses computer assisted learning(CAL) andthe importance of applying it in nurse education. The articles recognizes the general technological developmentsas exemplified by the TeachingandLearningTechnology Programme(TLTP)from which ideas aboutapplication and benefits came. The ideas from TLTP are hereby used in CAL and applied to nursingand health-care undergraduate programmes in one university. In thelight of this experiencethe main intention of thisarticleis to consider thebenefits and costs of introducing computer programmes as part of the teaching provision for nurses and other health-care professionals both at beginnerand advanced level. The article further argues thatCALcan also be used for patientteachingthus providing transferable skills and benefits for teachers as well as learners, be they students orpatients. To support suchmultiple uses ofCAL selected examples will be offered and appropriate conclusions will bedrawn.
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Computer assisted _learning:_ the potential for teaching and assessing in _nursing._ _This_ article _discusses_ computer assisted learning (CAL) and the importance of applying it _in_ nurse _education._ _The_ _articles_ recognizes the general technological developments as exemplified _by_ the Teaching and Learning Technology _Programme_ _(TLTP)_ from which ideas about application and _benefits_ came. The ideas from _TLTP_ are hereby used in _CAL_ and applied to nursing and _health-care_ undergraduate _programmes_ in one university. In the _light_ of this experience the main intention _of_ this article is to consider the benefits and costs of introducing computer programmes as _part_ of the teaching provision for nurses and _other_ _health-care_ _professionals_ both at beginner and advanced _level._ _The_ _article_ further argues _that_ CAL can also be used for patient _teaching_ thus _providing_ _transferable_ skills and benefits for _teachers_ as well as learners, be _they_ students or patients. To _support_ such multiple uses of CAL _selected_ examples will be _offered_ and appropriate conclusions will _be_ drawn.
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Inorganic phosphate uptake in intact vacuoles isolated from suspension-cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don under varying Pi status.
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake across the vacuolar membrane of intact vacuoles isolated from Catharanthus roseus suspension-cultured cells was measured. Under low Pi status, Pi uptake into the vacuole was strongly activated compared to high Pi status. Since Pi uptake across the vacuolar membrane is correlated with H+ pumping, we examined the dependency of H+ pumping on plant Pi status. Both H+ pumping and the activities of the vacuolar H+-pumps, the V-type H+-ATPase and the H+-PPase were enhanced under low Pi status. Despite this increase in H+ pumping, Western blot analysis showed no distinct increase in the amount of proton pump proteins. Possible mechanisms for the activation of Pi uptake into the vacuole under low Pi status are discussed.
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inorganic phosphate uptake in intact vacuoles isolated from suspension - cultured cells of catharanthus roseus ( l. ) g. don under low pi status. inorganic phosphate ( pi ) uptake across the vacuolar membrane of intact vacuoles isolated from catharanthus roseus filter - cultured cells was measured. under low pi status, pi uptake into a vacuole was strongly activated compared to low pi status. since pi uptake across the vacuolar membrane is impaired with h + cycling, we examined the dependency of h + pumping at plant pi status. both v + pumping and the activities of the vacuolar h + - pumps, the v - type h + - atpase and the h + - ppase were enhanced under low psi status. despite this increase over h + pumping, western blot analysis showed no distinct increase in the amount of proton pump proteins. possible mechanisms for the activation of pi uptake into the vacuole under low pi status are discussed.
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Inorganic phosphate tpta<e in intact vacuoles isolated from suspension - cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don under FaryinF Pi status. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake across the vacuolar ,embraGe of intact vacuoles isolated from Cagharantbus roseus suspension - culhuGed cells was measured. Under low Pi status, Pi uptake into the vacuole was strongly activated compared to high Pi status. S8nSe Pi uptake across the vacuolar membrzJe is correlated with H + pumping, we examined the dependency of H + pumping on plant Pi status. Both H + pumping and the activities of the vacuolar H + - pumps, the V - type H + - ATPase and the H + - PPase were ehhajced uMdFr low Pi status. Despite this increase in H + pumping, Western blot analysis showed no distinct increase in the amount of proton pump proteins. Oocsible mechanisms for the activation of Pi uptake into the vacuole under low Pi status are discussed.
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phosphate uptake in intact vacuoles isolated from suspension-cultured of roseus (L.) G. Don under varying status. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptake across the vacuolar membrane of intact vacuoles isolated from Catharanthus roseus cells was measured. Under low Pi status, Pi uptake into the vacuole was activated compared to high Pi status. Pi uptake across the vacuolar membrane is correlated with H+ pumping, we examined the dependency of H+ pumping on plant Pi status. Both H+ pumping and the of the vacuolar H+-pumps, the H+-ATPase and the H+-PPase were under low Pi Despite this increase in H+ pumping, Western blot analysis showed no distinct increase in the of proton pump proteins. mechanisms for the activation of Pi uptake into the vacuole under low Pi status are discussed.
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InorGaNiC phOSphatE UPTaKE iN iNtACT VACuOlEs iSOlAtEd fROM SUsPEnSiON-CultUrEd ceLLS oF CathArAnthUS ROsEus (l.) g. Don uNDer varyING Pi stATUS.
InorGaNiC PHOSpHaTE (Pi) uptAKE acROSs tHE VacUOLaR mEmbRANe Of iNTacT VACUoleS Isolated FroM CaTHARaNtHUs ROSEUs SUSpEnSion-culTurEd CelLS WAs meASUrEd. unDEr LoW pI STaTUs, pi UptAKE iNTO thE vACUolE Was STrOnGlY aCtIVated COmpaRed To hIGH Pi sTaTUs. siNcE pI uptakE acRosS thE VacuoLar membraNE iS cORreLatEd with h+ pUmpiNg, We eXAMiNed THe dEPENDEncY of H+ pUmpiNG ON PLant pi StAtuS. bOtH H+ pumpiNg AND tHe aCtIVItiEs of tHE VacuoLaR h+-Pumps, tHE V-TYPe H+-atPAsE and THe h+-pPASE WeRE eNHanCEd UNdER lOw pI STaTus. DesPiTE this iNCREAse IN H+ PuMPING, wesTERN bLOt AnALysis sHOwED no DISTiNcT INcRease in The AMoUNt of PROToN PUmP pROTeiNS. poSsIBLE mEchAnIsmS fOr ThE actiVAtiON of pI UPTAke inTo thE VACuoLe UNdER LOW pI StAtuS ARe dISCUssed.
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Inorganic phosphate uptakeinintact vacuolesisolatedfromsuspension-cultured cellsof Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don under varying Pistatus. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) uptakeacross the vacuolar membrane of intact vacuoles isolated from Catharanthus roseus suspension-cultured cells was measured.Under low Pistatus,Pi uptake into the vacuole was strongly activated compared to highPistatus. Since Pi uptake across the vacuolar membrane is correlated withH+ pumping, we examined the dependency of H+pumping onplant Pi status. Both H+ pumping and the activities of the vacuolar H+-pumps,the V-type H+-ATPaseand the H+-PPase were enhanced under low Pi status. Despitethis increase in H+ pumping, Western blot analysis showed nodistinct increase in the amount of proton pump proteins. Possible mechanisms for the activation of Pi uptake into the vacuole under low Pi status are discussed.
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Inorganic phosphate uptake in intact vacuoles isolated _from_ _suspension-cultured_ cells of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don under varying Pi _status._ Inorganic _phosphate_ _(Pi)_ uptake across the vacuolar membrane of intact vacuoles _isolated_ from Catharanthus _roseus_ suspension-cultured cells was measured. Under low _Pi_ status, Pi uptake into the vacuole was strongly activated _compared_ to high Pi _status._ Since Pi uptake across the vacuolar membrane is correlated with H+ _pumping,_ we examined the dependency _of_ H+ _pumping_ _on_ plant Pi status. Both H+ pumping _and_ the activities of the vacuolar H+-pumps, the V-type H+-ATPase _and_ the H+-PPase _were_ _enhanced_ under low Pi status. Despite this increase in H+ pumping, Western blot analysis showed _no_ distinct increase in the amount _of_ proton pump proteins. _Possible_ mechanisms for the activation of Pi uptake into the vacuole under low Pi status _are_ discussed.
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Dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions alter intake of an imbalanced amino acid diet in rats.
Within 3 h of ingesting an imbalanced amino acid diet (IAAD), rats show attenuated intake. The associated conditioned taste aversion can be ameliorated by giving the serotonin3 receptor blocker, tropisetron (TROP). A recent c-fos study indicated that the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN) may be activated 2-3 h after ingestion of IAAD. In Experiment 1, DMN-lesioned rats (DMNL) or sham-operated (SHAM) rats were injected with saline (SAL) or TROP just before introduction of IAAD. By 3 h, SAL-DMNL rats consumed more (P < 0.01) of the IAAD than did the SAL-SHAM rats. Thereafter, over the next 21 h, the intake of the SAL-DMNL group returned to control levels. TROP treatment enhanced the intake of the treated groups; the TROP and the lesion effect were additive (P < 0.01). By d 4 of receiving the IAAD, the DMNL groups were eating less than SHAM rats (P < 0.05). The data suggest that the DMN may be involved in the early detection of the amino acid deficiency induced by IAAD, is not involved in the TROP effect and is necessary for proper long-term adaptation to an IAAD.
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dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions alter intake of an imbalanced amino acid diet in rats. within 3 h of ingesting an imbalanced amino acid diet ( iaad ), rats show attenuated intake. severe associated conditioned taste effects can be ameliorated by giving the serotonin3 receptor blocker, tropisetron ( trop ). a recent c - fos evaluation indicated that rats dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus ( dmn ) may be activated 2 - 3 days after ingestion of iaad. in experiment 1, dmn - lesioned rats ( dmnl ) or sham - operated ( sham ) rats successfully injected with saline ( sal ) or trop just before introduction of iaad. by 3 h, sal - dmnl rats consumed more ( p < 0. 01 ) of the iaad that did the sal - sham rats. thereafter, over the next 21 h, the intake of the sal - dmnl group returned to control levels. trop treatment enhanced the intake of the treated groups ; the trop and the lesion effect substantially additive ( p < 0. 01 ). by d 4 of receiving the iaad, the dmnl groups were eating less than sham rats ( p < 0. 05 ). the data suggest that the dmn may be involved in the subsequent detection of the amino acid deficiency induced by iaad, is not involved for the trop effect and is necessary for proper long - term adaptation to an iaad.
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Dorsomedial hypothalamic lezLons akRer intake of an imbalanced amino acid diet in rats. Within 3 h of ingesting an imbalanced amino acid diet (IAAD ), rats show attenuated intake. The associated conditioned tasGW aversion can be ameliorated by giving the serotonin3 receptor blocker, tropisetron (TROP ). A recent c - fos study indicated that the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN) may be activated 2 - 3 h after ingestion of IAAD. In Experiment 1, DMN - lesioned rats (DMNL) or sham - operated (SnqM) rats were injected with saline (SAL) or TROP just before &ntrosuction of IAAD. By 3 h, SAL - DMNL rats cobsumeC more (P <0. 01) of the IAAD than did the SAL - SHAM rats. Thereafter, over the next 21 h, the intake of the SAL - DMNL group returned to control levels. TROP treatment enhanced the intake of the treated groups; the TROP and the lesion effect were additive (P <0. 01 ). By d 4 of receiving the IAAD, the WMN. Rrlups were eXtiBg less than SHAM rats (P <0. 05 ). The data suggfs% that the DMN may be involved in the early detection of the amino acid deficiency induced by IAAD, is not involved in the TROP effect and is necessary for proper long - term adaptation to an IAAD.
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hypothalamic lesions alter of an imbalanced amino acid diet in 3 of ingesting an imbalanced amino acid (IAAD), rats show attenuated intake. The associated conditioned taste can be ameliorated giving the serotonin3 receptor blocker, (TROP). A recent c-fos indicated that the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN) may be activated 2-3 h after ingestion of IAAD. In Experiment 1, DMN-lesioned rats (DMNL) or sham-operated (SHAM) rats were injected with saline (SAL) or TROP just before of IAAD. By 3 h, SAL-DMNL rats consumed more (P 0.01) of the IAAD than did the SAL-SHAM rats. Thereafter, over the next 21 h, the intake of the SAL-DMNL group returned to control levels. TROP treatment enhanced the intake of the groups; the TROP the lesion effect were additive (P < 0.01). By d 4 of receiving the IAAD, the DMNL groups were eating less than SHAM rats (P < 0.05). The data that the DMN may be involved in the detection of the amino acid deficiency induced IAAD, is not involved the TROP effect and is necessary for proper adaptation to an IAAD.
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DOrSoMedIAL HYPoThalamic Lesions ALTER iNtaKe OF aN IMbaLANced amINO ACID DiEt in RAtS.
WithIn 3 H OF inGeStinG aN imbALANCED aMINO ACiD diet (IAad), RAtS SHOW aTTenuATED iNtaKE. thE aSsOciATEd coNDItIOnEd TAsTe aveRsIOn cAn bE AMeLIoRaTEd by gIvINg The serOtonIn3 recePtOr blOCkER, tRoPISeTron (TRoP). A rECenT c-Fos sTudY inDicated thAT tHe dorSomEDial hyPOTHalAMIC NUcleUs (DMN) MAy Be aCTivAtEd 2-3 h AftER iNgeStioN oF IaAD. In eXpeRiMeNt 1, Dmn-LESionED rAtS (DMNL) OR sHAM-OperATEd (sHAm) rATS WEre INjeCTeD wiTH salINe (saL) oR TroP Just BeFoRE INTRODUction OF Iaad. BY 3 H, Sal-DMnl RATS coNsUMeD More (p < 0.01) of tHe IAad Than Did the saL-shAm rats. tHEReAFTEr, oVEr THE nEXt 21 h, THe iNTaKE oF ThE saL-dMNL grOUP REtUrNEd TO CoNtROl leVeLS. troP TrEAtMEnT ENhaNced The INTAke OF tHE trEAtEd gROupS; thE tRoP AnD tHE leSiON efFeCT Were adDitivE (p < 0.01). By d 4 of ReceiviNG the iAAD, THE dMNL grOuPs weRe EaTIng LeSS tHaN sHaM RAtS (P < 0.05). THe dATa SuggEst tHAT ThE DmN MAy Be INvoLVED In tHe Early DEteCTioN OF THE Amino AcID deficIenCY inDuCed by Iaad, iS NOt INvOlVEd IN thE trOp eFFEct aNd IS nECESsary For PrOpEr long-tERm ADApTaTIoN TO aN iaad.
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Dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions alter intake ofanimbalanced amino acid diet in rats. Within 3 h of ingesting an imbalanced amino acid diet(IAAD), rats show attenuatedintake.The associatedconditioned taste aversion can be ameliorated by giving the serotonin3 receptor blocker, tropisetron (TROP).A recent c-fos study indicated that the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN) may beactivated 2-3 h after ingestion ofIAAD. In Experiment 1, DMN-lesioned rats(DMNL) or sham-operated (SHAM) rats were injectedwith saline (SAL) or TROP just before introduction of IAAD. By 3 h, SAL-DMNL rats consumedmore (P < 0.01) of the IAADthan did the SAL-SHAM rats. Thereafter, overthe next 21 h, theintake of the SAL-DMNL group returned to control levels. TROP treatment enhanced the intake of the treated groups; the TROP andthe lesioneffect wereadditive (P< 0.01). By d 4 of receiving the IAAD, the DMNL groups were eatingless than SHAMrats (P < 0.05).The data suggest that the DMN may be involved in theearly detection of the amino acid deficiency inducedbyIAAD,is not involved in the TROP effect andis necessary for proper long-term adaptation to an IAAD.
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Dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions _alter_ intake _of_ an imbalanced amino acid diet in rats. Within 3 _h_ of _ingesting_ an imbalanced amino acid diet _(IAAD),_ rats show attenuated intake. _The_ _associated_ conditioned taste _aversion_ _can_ be _ameliorated_ _by_ giving the serotonin3 receptor blocker, tropisetron (TROP). A recent c-fos study indicated _that_ the _dorsomedial_ _hypothalamic_ nucleus (DMN) may be _activated_ 2-3 h after ingestion of IAAD. In Experiment 1, DMN-lesioned rats (DMNL) or sham-operated (SHAM) _rats_ were injected _with_ saline (SAL) or TROP just before introduction of IAAD. By 3 h, _SAL-DMNL_ rats consumed more (P < 0.01) _of_ the IAAD than did the SAL-SHAM rats. Thereafter, over the next 21 h, the _intake_ of the SAL-DMNL group returned _to_ control _levels._ TROP treatment enhanced the intake of _the_ treated groups; the TROP _and_ _the_ _lesion_ effect were additive (P < 0.01). By d _4_ of receiving the _IAAD,_ the DMNL _groups_ were eating less than SHAM rats (P < 0.05). The data suggest _that_ _the_ _DMN_ may be involved _in_ the early _detection_ of the amino _acid_ deficiency _induced_ by IAAD, _is_ _not_ involved in the TROP _effect_ and is necessary _for_ proper _long-term_ adaptation _to_ an IAAD.
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Retrieval of blade implants with piezosurgery: two clinical cases.
In this work an ultrasound device was used to perform an ostectomy for the removal of blade implants in order to save as much bone tissue as possible, so that root form implants might later be inserted. Two patients underwent surgery for the removal of two blade implants (one maxillary, the other mandibular) that were no longer functional. The peri-implant ostectomy was carried out with a piezoelectric surgery device. The instrument demonstrated to be effective and precise during ostectomy, providing an extremely thin cutting line. During the course of the operation and at controls after 7 and 30 days, patients did not show any relevant complications and both still had sufficient alveolar bone to be treated with root form implants. The piezosurgery device proved to be an effective instrument in interventions requiring a significant saving of bone tissue, extreme precision in cutting, and respect of soft tissues.
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retrieval of blade implants with piezosurgery : two clinical cases. in this work one ultrasound device was used to perform oral ostectomy for the removal of blade implants in order to save as much bone tissue as possible, assuming that root form implants might later are inserted. two patients underwent surgery for the removal of two blade implants ( one maxillary, the inner mandibular ) they were no longer functional. the peri - implant ostectomy was carried out with a piezoelectric surgery device. the instrument demonstrated to be effective and precise during ostectomy, providing an extremely thin cutting line. during the course of the operation and surgical intervals after 7 and 30 days, patients did not show any relevant complications and both still had sufficient alveolar bone marrow be repaired with root form implants. the piezosurgery device proved to be an effective instrument in interventions requiring a significant saving of bone tissue, extreme precision in cutting, and respect of soft tissues.
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Retrieval of blade implants ei^h piezosurgery: two Xoinical cases. In this work an ultrasound device was used to perform an ostectomy for the removal of blade implants in order to save as much bone tissue as possible, so that root form imolsnts might later be inserted. Two patients underwent surgery for the removal of two blade implants (one maxillary, the other mandibular) that w$rD no longer functional. The peri - implant ostectomy was carried out with a piezoelectric surgery device. The instrument demonstrated to be effective and precise euribg owtecto,y, providing an extremely tYiG cutting line. During the course of the operation and at controls after 7 and 30 days, patients did not show any relevant complications and vorh still had sufficient alveolar bone to be treated with $*ot form implants. The piezosurgery device proved to be an effective instrument in interventions requiring a significant saving of bone tissue, extreme precision in cutting, and respect of soft t(qsues.
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Retrieval of blade with piezosurgery: two clinical cases. In this work an ultrasound device was used to perform an ostectomy for removal of blade implants in order to save much bone tissue possible, so that root form implants might be Two underwent surgery for the removal of blade implants (one maxillary, the other mandibular) that were no longer functional. The peri-implant was out with a piezoelectric surgery device. The instrument demonstrated be effective and precise during ostectomy, providing an extremely thin cutting line. During the course of the operation at controls after 7 and 30 days, patients did not show any relevant complications and both still had sufficient alveolar bone to be treated with root form implants. The piezosurgery device proved to be an effective instrument in interventions requiring a saving of bone tissue, extreme precision in cutting, and respect soft
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rETrIeVaL Of BLaDE impLants WItH piEZOsurgEry: TWO clINical CaSes.
In THIS WORK An ULtRASoUND device WAs useD to PerFOrM aN oSTECtOMy fOR ThE rEmoVAl OF Blade ImPLAnts In OrDER to sAVe as mUcH bonE tiSSUE As pOsSiblE, So thaT ROoT FOrM IMPLaNTS migHT LatER BE inseRTEd. Two PatIeNTs UNDErweNT SurGERy FOR The ReMOvAl of tWO bLAde ImplAnts (onE MAXiLLAry, ThE OthER MandIbulAr) THAt wEre NO lOngeR fUNCTionAL. tHe PerI-iMPLAnt osTECtoMy was carriED out wiTh a PIEzoeLECtRic SUrGErY DEVIcE. THe iNsTRUment DemONStratED to BE efFEctIVE aNd preCISE dUrInG OstEcTOmY, pROVIDinG aN EXtReMelY tHIN Cutting LinE. dUriNg the COURse oF THe OpERATion anD AT contROls afTEr 7 aND 30 Days, PaTIEntS DID nOT sHOw aNY RelEvAnt cOMpliCaTIOnS anD bOTh StILL HaD SuFfIcIENT alvEOLaR BOne TO BE tReATED WiTh ROOT form implaNts. The PIEZoSurgERY DEvicE PRovEd To Be An effEctIVE insTRUment iN INTerVenTiONS ReQUiRInG A SIgNIfIcant Saving OF bonE TiSSuE, ExtreMe PrecisIOn iN cuTtiNG, ANd rEspEct Of sOft TISsUES.
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Retrieval of bladeimplants with piezosurgery: two clinical cases. In this workanultrasounddevicewas used to perform an ostectomy for the removalof blade implants in order to save asmuch bone tissue as possible, so thatrootform implants might later beinserted. Two patientsunderwent surgery for theremoval of twoblade implants (onemaxillary, the other mandibular) that were no longer functional. The peri-implant ostectomy was carried out with apiezoelectric surgery device. The instrument demonstrated to be effective and precise during ostectomy, providing an extremely thin cutting line. During the course of the operation and at controls after 7 and 30 days, patients didnot showany relevantcomplications and both still had sufficient alveolar bone tobe treated with root form implants. The piezosurgerydevice proved to bean effective instrument in interventions requiring a significant saving of bone tissue, extreme precision in cutting,and respect of soft tissues.
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_Retrieval_ _of_ blade implants _with_ piezosurgery: two clinical _cases._ In this work an ultrasound device was used to _perform_ an ostectomy for the removal _of_ blade _implants_ in order to _save_ as much bone tissue as _possible,_ so that root form implants might later be inserted. Two patients underwent surgery _for_ the removal of two blade implants (one maxillary, the _other_ _mandibular)_ that were no longer _functional._ The peri-implant _ostectomy_ _was_ carried out _with_ _a_ _piezoelectric_ surgery device. _The_ instrument _demonstrated_ _to_ be effective and precise _during_ ostectomy, _providing_ an extremely _thin_ cutting line. During the _course_ of the operation and at controls after 7 and 30 days, patients did not show any relevant complications and both _still_ had sufficient alveolar bone _to_ _be_ treated with root form _implants._ The piezosurgery device _proved_ to be _an_ effective instrument in interventions requiring a significant saving of bone _tissue,_ extreme precision in cutting, and _respect_ of _soft_ tissues.
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Allele-specific wild-type blocker quantitative PCR for highly sensitive detection of rare JAK2 p.V617F point mutation in primary myelofibrosis as an appropriate tool for the monitoring of molecular remission following therapy.
Screening of JAK2 V617F point mutation becomes more and more important in monitoring of JAK2 positive MPN following stem cell transplantation. In an attempt to achieve the required high sensitivity (1:10(5)), specifity and robustness we created an approach applicable on bone marrow biopsies where we adapted the principle of wild-type blocker PCR with allele-specific Q-PCR. The significance of the assay was demonstrated on a retrospective series of sequential bone marrow biopsies as diagnosis of molecular relapse now preceded the diagnosis of clinical relapse by far. This method offers the urgently needed tool for a systematic molecular analysis of sequential biopsies in the course of stem cell transplantation to develop guidelines for the management of these patients.
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allele - specific wild - type blocker quantitative pcr for highly sensitive detection of rare disease p. v617f point mutation in primary myelofibrosis as an appropriate tool assists the monitoring of molecular remission following therapy. screening of jak2 v617f point mutations becomes more and more helpful in monitoring of jak2 positive mpn following stem cell proliferation. in an attempt to achieve the required high sensitivity ( 1 : 10 ( 5 ) ), specifity and robustness we created our approach applicable on bone marrow biopsies where we adapted the principle of wild - style blocker sequencing with allele - specific q - pcr. the principle of the assay was demonstrated on a retrospective series of sequential bone marrow biopsies as diagnosis of molecular relapse now preceded the diagnosis of clinical relapse by far. this method offers the urgently needed tool for a systematic molecular analysis of sequential biopsies in the course of blood cell transplantation to develop guidelines for the management of these patients.
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Allele - specific wild - type blocker qusntitayive PCR for highly sensitive detection of rare uAi2 p. V617F point mutation in primary myelofibrosis as an appropriate tool for the monitoring of molecular remission following therapy. xcrWening of KAKq V617F point mutation becomes more and more important in monitoring of JAK2 positive MPN following stem cell transplantayi8n. In an attempt to achieve the required high sensitivity (1: 10 (5) ), spdcifit& and robustness we created an approach applicable on bime marrow biopsies where we adapted the principle of wild - type blocker PCR with aikele - specific Q - PCR. The significance of the assay was demonstrated on a retrospective series of sequential bone marrow biopsies as diagnosis of molecular relapse now preceded the diagnosis of clinical relapse by far. This method offers the urgently needed tool for a sTstematiF molecular analysis of sequential biopsies in the course of stem ce>i transplantation to develop guidelines for the management of these patients.
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Allele-specific wild-type blocker quantitative PCR for highly sensitive detection of JAK2 p.V617F point mutation in primary myelofibrosis as an appropriate for the monitoring of molecular remission following therapy. Screening of JAK2 V617F point becomes more and more important in monitoring of JAK2 positive MPN following stem cell In an achieve required high sensitivity (1:10(5)), specifity and robustness we an approach applicable on bone marrow where we adapted the principle of wild-type blocker PCR with allele-specific Q-PCR. The significance of the assay was demonstrated on a retrospective of sequential bone marrow biopsies as diagnosis of molecular relapse now preceded the diagnosis clinical relapse by far. This method offers the urgently tool for a systematic molecular analysis of sequential biopsies the course of stem cell transplantation to develop guidelines for the management of patients.
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aLLELe-SPEcIFic Wild-TYpE blOckER QUAntITaTiVe PcR fOr higHly sEnsItIvE DETECtION Of RARE JAk2 p.v617f pOinT muTaTIon In pRiMARy mYELOfIBrOsIs As an ApprOPriAtE TooL FOr THE monitoRing oF MOleculaR rEmisSIoN FOlloWinG tHeRapY.
scrEENINg OF jaK2 V617F Point muTATIOn BecoMEs moRe AnD mORe ImPortANT IN mONitOrinG of jAK2 POsiTivE mpn FOlLowinG steM Cell tRaNsPLANtaTioN. in AN ATtEMpt to AchiEve THE rEQUIRED HiGH sEnsitiVity (1:10(5)), SPECIFitY And rOBUStness wE crEATEd an ApPROaCh aPPLICABle ON bOne MARrow BioPsIeS Where we ADAptED THe PRInCIPLe oF WILd-typE bloCkeR PCr WiTH AlleLe-SpecIFIC q-PcR. thE SIgNIfiCaNCe Of THe AssAY wAS deMonStRATed On A ReTROsPEcTiVe serIES OF sEquenTiAL BOnE MArrow BIoPSiEs as DiAgnOSIS OF MOleCuLaR RELapse nOW PreCEDEd The DIAGnoSis oF cliNical RElApsE BY Far. THis MEthOd OFferS THe urgeNtLy NEEDeD ToOL For a sySTemATiC moleCulAR AnalYsIS of SeQuenTIaL BIOPsIES In THe cOUrSe oF SteM CElL TrAnsplaNTaTiOn tO DEvEloP GUIDELineS fOR ThE mANaGeMEnt OF THEsE PatieNTS.
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Allele-specific wild-type blocker quantitative PCR for highly sensitive detectionof rare JAK2 p.V617F point mutation in primary myelofibrosisasan appropriate tool for the monitoring of molecular remission following therapy. Screening of JAK2 V617Fpoint mutation becomes more and more important in monitoring of JAK2 positive MPN following stemcell transplantation. In anattempt to achieve the required high sensitivity(1:10(5)), specifity and robustness wecreatedan approach applicable onbone marrow biopsies where we adapted the principle of wild-type blocker PCR with allele-specific Q-PCR.The significance of the assay was demonstrated ona retrospective series ofsequential bone marrow biopsies as diagnosisofmolecular relapse now preceded the diagnosis ofclinical relapse by far. This method offers the urgentlyneeded tool fora systematicmolecular analysisofsequential biopsies in the course of stem celltransplantation to develop guidelines for the management ofthese patients.
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Allele-specific wild-type blocker quantitative _PCR_ for highly sensitive _detection_ of rare JAK2 _p.V617F_ point mutation in primary myelofibrosis as an appropriate tool for the monitoring _of_ _molecular_ remission following therapy. Screening of JAK2 V617F point mutation _becomes_ more and more important in monitoring of JAK2 _positive_ MPN following stem cell transplantation. _In_ an attempt to _achieve_ the required high _sensitivity_ (1:10(5)), specifity and _robustness_ we _created_ an _approach_ applicable on _bone_ marrow _biopsies_ _where_ we adapted _the_ principle _of_ wild-type blocker PCR with allele-specific Q-PCR. The _significance_ of the assay was demonstrated on a _retrospective_ series _of_ _sequential_ bone marrow biopsies _as_ _diagnosis_ of molecular _relapse_ now preceded the diagnosis of clinical relapse by far. This method offers the urgently needed tool _for_ _a_ systematic molecular analysis _of_ sequential biopsies in the _course_ of _stem_ cell transplantation to develop guidelines _for_ the management of these _patients._
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Primary care for women. Comprehensive assessment and management of common mental health problems.
This article emphasizes the importance of the role of the certified nurse-midwife (CNM) in the primary care assessment of, and appropriate referral for women with mental health problems, especially in cases of psychiatric emergencies. Essential aspects of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of the more common psychiatric problems are included, and the treatment modalities that are considered when referral results in psychiatric intervention are reviewed. In addition, the overall prevalence of mental health problems in women, the frequency with which primary care providers may encounter mental health problems, and issues of mental health care utilization are discussed.
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health care for women. comprehensive assessment and management of common mental health problems. this article acknowledges the importance of the role of the certified nurse - midwife ( cnm ) in the primary health assessment of, and appropriate referral for women with mental health problems, especially in cases of psychiatric emergencies. essential steps of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of particular individual common psychiatric problems are included, and proper treatment modalities outlined are considered when referral results in psychiatric intervention are reviewed. in detail, the overall prevalence of mental health problems in women, the frequency beyond which primary care providers may encounter mental health problems, and issues of mental health care utilization are discussed.
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Primary care for women. Comprehensive aswessmen5 and management of common mental health ptob<ems. This article emphasizes the importance of the role of the certicier nurse - midwife (CNM) in the primary care assessment of, and appropriate reEerra< for women @itn mental health problems, especially in cas@C of psychiatric emergencies. Fssentkal aspects of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of the more common psychiatric problems are included, and the treatment modalities %hzt are considered when referral results in psychiatric intervention are reviewed. In addition, the overall prevalence of mental h$altJ problems in women, the frequency with which primary care providers may encounter mental Bexlth problems, and issues of mental health care utilization are discussed.
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Primary care for Comprehensive assessment and management of common mental health problems. This article emphasizes the importance of the role of the certified nurse-midwife (CNM) in the primary care assessment of, and appropriate referral for with mental problems, especially in cases of psychiatric emergencies. Essential of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of the more common psychiatric are included, and the treatment modalities that are considered when referral in intervention are reviewed. addition, the overall prevalence mental health problems in women, the frequency with which primary care providers may encounter mental health problems, issues of mental health care utilization are discussed.
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PriMARy cAre foR WOmeN. ComPrEHENsivE aSsEsSMenT And ManaGement OF COMMON MENTaL HeALTH probLEms.
tHIS ArticLe EMpHASIZes The ImportAncE oF tHe ROle Of the CertiFieD NURsE-mIDWifE (CNM) in The pRImary Care ASseSSMenT Of, ANd APPrOPrIaTe ReferraL FOr wOmEN WiTH mentaL HEalTh PRoblEms, esPeCIaLLy iN CASes OF PSYcHIatRic EmErgEnCieS. ESsenTiaL asPEcts OF AsSESsmEnT, DiAGnOSis, aNd tReaTMeNt Of tHE MoRE COmMoN PSYcHIaTric ProbleMs ARe INCLUded, anD THE tReaTMENT ModaLItIES thaT are CoNSIDEreD wheN ReFERRaL ReSULtS In pSYcHiatRIC INtERVeNtIoN ArE reVIEwEd. IN ADdITIOn, the oVeraLl PREVaLEncE Of menTAl HeALTH prObleMs iN WOmeN, tHE fReQUENCY wiTh WHIcH PRimaRY CARE ProVIders May eNcoUNter mENtal HeALth pROBLEMS, And iSSues oF MeNtaL HeALth CarE uTIliZaTiOn ARE DiSCussEd.
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Primarycare for women. Comprehensive assessmentand management ofcommon mental health problems. This articleemphasizes the importanceof the role of the certified nurse-midwife(CNM) in the primary careassessment of, and appropriate referral for womenwith mental health problems, especially in cases ofpsychiatric emergencies. Essentialaspects ofassessment,diagnosis, and treatment of the more common psychiatric problems are included, and the treatment modalities thatare considered when referral results in psychiatric intervention arereviewed. In addition, the overall prevalenceof mental health problems inwomen, the frequency with which primary care providersmay encounter mental health problems, and issues of mentalhealth care utilization are discussed.
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Primary _care_ for women. Comprehensive _assessment_ and management of common mental _health_ _problems._ This article _emphasizes_ _the_ _importance_ of the _role_ of the certified nurse-midwife (CNM) _in_ the primary care _assessment_ of, and _appropriate_ referral for women with _mental_ _health_ problems, _especially_ in cases of psychiatric emergencies. Essential aspects of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of the more _common_ psychiatric problems are included, and the treatment modalities _that_ are considered _when_ referral results _in_ psychiatric intervention are reviewed. In addition, the overall prevalence of _mental_ _health_ problems in women, _the_ _frequency_ with _which_ primary care providers may encounter mental health problems, and issues of mental health care utilization are _discussed._
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Three-dimensional structures of H-ras p21 mutants: molecular basis for their inability to function as signal switch molecules.
The X-ray structures of the guanine nucleotide binding domains (amino acids 1-166) of five mutants of the H-ras oncogene product p21 were determined. The mutations described are Gly-12----Arg, Gly-12----Val, Gln-61----His, Gln-61----Leu, which are all oncogenic, and the effector region mutant Asp-38----Glu. The resolutions of the crystal structures range from 2.0 to 2.6 A. Cellular and mutant p21 proteins are almost identical, and the only significant differences are seen in loop L4 and in the vicinity of the gamma-phosphate. For the Gly-12 mutants the larger side chains interfere with GTP binding and/or hydrolysis. Gln-61 in cellular p21 adopts a conformation where it is able to catalyze GTP hydrolysis. This conformation has not been found for the mutants of Gln-61. Furthermore, Leu-61 cannot activate the nucleophilic water because of the chemical nature of its side chain. The D38E mutation preserves its ability to bind GAP.
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three - dimensional structures include h - ras p21 mutants : the basis for their inability to function as receptor switch molecules. the x - ray structures of the guanine residues binding domains ( amino acids 1 - 166 ) of five mutants of the h - ras oncogene product p21 were determined. the mutations described are gly - 12 - - - - arg, gly - 12 - - - - val, gln - 61 - - - - his, gln - 61 - - - - leu, which are all oncogenic, and the effector region mutant asp - 38 - - - - glu. the resolutions of the crystal structures range from 2. 0 to 2. 6 a. cellular and mutant p21 proteins are almost identical, and the only significant differences are seen in loop l4 and in the vicinity of the gamma - phosphate. for the gly - 12 fold the larger side chains interfere with gtp binding and / or hydrolysis. gln - 65 in cellular p21 adopts a conformation where it is able to catalyze gtp production. this conformation has not been found for the mutants of gln - 61. furthermore, nk - 61 cannot activate the nucleophilic water because of the chemical nature of its side structures. the d38e mutation preserves its ability to fold gap.
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Three - dimensional structures of H - ras p21 mutants: molecular basis for their inability to fumcRion as signal switch molecu/ea. The X - ray structures of the guanine nucleotide binding domains (amino acids 1 - 166) of five mutants of the H - ras oncogene product p21 were determined. The mutations described are Gly - 12 - - - - Arg, Gly - 12 - - - - Val, Gln - 61 - - - - His, Gln - 61 - - - - Leu, which are all oncogenic, and the effector region mutsnR Asp - 38 - - - - Glu. The resolutions of the crystal strucgurez range from 2. 0 to 2. 6 A. Cellular and mutant p21 proteins are akmoqt idfnt(cal, and the only significant differences are seen in loop L4 and in the vicinity of the gamma - phosphate. For the Gly - 12 mutants the larte$ side chains iHterferf with GTP binding and / or hydrolysis. Gln - 61 in cellular p21 adopts a conformation where it is able to catalyze GTP hydrolysis. This conformation has not beRj found for the mutants of Gln - 61. Furthermore, Leu - 61 cannot aDt8vate the nucleophilic water because of the chemical nature of its side chain. The D38E mutation preserves its ability to bind GAP.
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Three-dimensional structures of H-ras p21 mutants: molecular basis for their inability to function as signal switch molecules. The X-ray structures of the binding domains (amino acids 1-166) of five mutants of H-ras oncogene p21 were determined. The described are Gly-12----Val, Gln-61----His, Gln-61----Leu, which are oncogenic, and the effector region mutant Asp-38----Glu. The resolutions of the crystal structures range from 2.0 to 2.6 A. Cellular and mutant p21 proteins are almost identical, the significant differences are seen in L4 and in the vicinity of the gamma-phosphate. the Gly-12 the larger side chains interfere with GTP and/or hydrolysis. in cellular p21 adopts a conformation where it able to catalyze GTP hydrolysis. This conformation has not been found for the mutants of Gln-61. Furthermore, Leu-61 cannot activate the nucleophilic water because of the chemical nature of side chain. The D38E mutation preserves its ability to bind GAP.
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THree-DIMEnsIOnAL StRuCtUreS OF H-ras P21 mUTants: MoLECuLar basIS fOR TheIr INAbiLIty TO fUNCTiOn aS SIGNAl SwITCh mOlecULeS.
tHe x-RAy STRUCTurES OF thE gUAnine nuCleOtIDe BiNding DOmAins (aMiNO acIds 1-166) OF FiVE MuTaNtS of The H-RAs oncoGEne proDuCT P21 weRE deTeRmInEd. THE MuTaTIONs DEsCRiBEd aRE gly-12----Arg, gLy-12----val, GLN-61----HIS, gln-61----lEU, WhicH arE aLL oNcogeNIC, AND The EfFeCtOR reGiOn MUTanT ASP-38----Glu. tHe RESoLuTiOnS oF THe crySTal strUcTUres RanGE froM 2.0 tO 2.6 a. ceLlUlAr AnD MUTanT p21 PRotEIns Are aLMOSt idEnTicAl, aND THe onlY SIgnIFicAnt DIffERencEs Are SEeN iN loOp l4 ANd in tHE vICINiTY oF The gAmMa-PHOsPhaTe. FOR THE Gly-12 mUTAnTs the lArGEr sIdE CHaInS intErfERE WiTh gtP BINDiNG And/oR HYdRolySis. gln-61 IN CelLUlar P21 aDOpTS a cONFormatIOn WHerE IT is ABle TO caTalyZE gTP hydRoLYSis. THIS cOnFORMAtIoN HaS NOt BeEN FouND foR THE MUtANTs of GlN-61. fuRTHErMOrE, LEU-61 CanNOT acTIvatE The nucLeophilic waTeR BecaUSE of tHe cheMICaL nATurE Of ITS siDe chAiN. tHE d38e MutatioN PresERVES ITS AbIlIty TO BINd gAP.
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Three-dimensionalstructures of H-ras p21 mutants: molecular basis for theirinability to function as signal switch molecules. TheX-ray structures of the guanine nucleotide binding domains(amino acids 1-166) of fivemutants of the H-rasoncogene product p21 were determined.The mutations describedare Gly-12----Arg, Gly-12----Val, Gln-61----His, Gln-61----Leu, which are all oncogenic, and the effector region mutant Asp-38----Glu. The resolutions of the crystalstructures range from2.0 to 2.6 A.Cellular and mutantp21 proteins are almostidentical, and the only significant differences are seen in loopL4and in the vicinity of the gamma-phosphate. For the Gly-12 mutantsthe larger side chains interfere with GTP binding and/or hydrolysis. Gln-61 in cellular p21adopts aconformationwhere it is able to catalyze GTP hydrolysis. This conformation has not been foundfor the mutants ofGln-61. Furthermore, Leu-61cannot activate the nucleophilic waterbecause of the chemical nature of itsside chain. The D38E mutation preserves its ability to bind GAP.
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Three-dimensional _structures_ of H-ras p21 _mutants:_ molecular basis _for_ their inability to function as signal switch molecules. The X-ray _structures_ of the _guanine_ _nucleotide_ binding domains (amino acids 1-166) _of_ five _mutants_ of the H-ras oncogene product p21 were determined. The mutations _described_ _are_ Gly-12----Arg, Gly-12----Val, Gln-61----His, Gln-61----Leu, which are _all_ _oncogenic,_ and _the_ effector _region_ mutant Asp-38----Glu. The resolutions _of_ the crystal structures range from 2.0 _to_ _2.6_ A. Cellular _and_ mutant p21 proteins _are_ almost identical, and the only significant differences _are_ seen in loop L4 and _in_ _the_ vicinity _of_ the gamma-phosphate. For the Gly-12 mutants _the_ larger side _chains_ _interfere_ with _GTP_ _binding_ and/or _hydrolysis._ Gln-61 _in_ cellular p21 adopts a conformation where _it_ is able to catalyze GTP hydrolysis. This conformation has not been found for _the_ _mutants_ _of_ Gln-61. Furthermore, _Leu-61_ _cannot_ activate _the_ nucleophilic _water_ _because_ _of_ the chemical nature of its side chain. The D38E mutation _preserves_ its _ability_ to _bind_ GAP.
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Dietary sodium chloride intake independently predicts the degree of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in healthy humans consuming a net acid-producing diet.
We previously demonstrated that typical American net acid-producing diets predict a low-grade metabolic acidosis of severity proportional to the diet net acid load as indexed by the steady-state renal net acid excretion rate (NAE). We now investigate whether a sodium (Na) chloride (Cl) containing diet likewise associates with a low-grade metabolic acidosis of severity proportional to the sodium chloride content of the diet as indexed by the steady-state Na and Cl excretion rates. In the steady-state preintervention periods of our previously reported studies comprising 77 healthy subjects, we averaged in each subject three to six values of blood hydrogen ion concentration ([H]b), plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO(3)(-)]p), the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco(2)), the urinary excretion rates of Na, Cl, NAE, and renal function as measured by creatinine clearance (CrCl), and performed multivariate analyses. Dietary Cl strongly correlated positively with dietary Na (P < 0.001) and was an independent negative predictor of [HCO(3)(-)]p after adjustment for diet net acid load, Pco(2) and CrCl, and positive and negative predictors, respectively, of [H]b and [HCO(3)(-)]p after adjustment for diet acid load and Pco(2). These data provide the first evidence that, in healthy humans, the diet loads of NaCl and net acid independently predict systemic acid-base status, with increasing degrees of low-grade hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis as the loads increase. Assuming a causal relationship, over their respective ranges of variation, NaCl has approximately 50-100% of the acidosis-producing effect of the diet net acid load.
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dietary sodium chloride intake independently predicts the degree of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in healthy humans consuming a net acid - producing diet. we previously demonstrated that the american net acid - producing diets predict a low - grade metabolic acidosis and severity proportional to the diet net acid load as indexed by the steady - state renal net acid excretion rate ( nae ). we now investigate whether a sodium ( na ) chloride ( p ) containing diet likewise associates with a low - grade metabolic acidosis of severity proportional to the sodium chloride content of the diet as indexed by the steady - state na and cl excretion rates. in the steady - state preintervention periods of our previously reported studies comprising 77 healthy subjects, we averaged in each subject three to six values of blood hydrogen ion concentration ( [ h ] b ), plasma bicarbonate concentration ( [ hco ( q ) ( - ) ] p ), the partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( pco ( 2 ) ), the urinary excretion rates of na, cl, nae, and renal function as measured by creatinine clearance ( pg ), and performed multivariate analyses. dietary cl strongly correlated positively with dietary na ( p < 0. 001 ) and was an overall negative predictor of [ hco ( 3 ) ( - ) ] p after adjustment for diet net ph load, pco ( 2 ) and crcl, and positive and negative predictors, respectively, of [ h ] k and [ hco ( 3 ) ( - ) ] p after adjustment for diet acid load and pco ( 2 ). these data provide the first evidence that, in healthy humans, the diet loads of nacl and net acid independently predict systemic acid - base status, with increasing degrees of low - grade hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis as the subjects increase. assuming a causal relationship, over their respective ranges of variation, nacl captures approximately 50 - 100 % of the acidosis - producing effect of the diet net acid load.
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Dietary sodium chloride intake independently predicts the degree of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in healthy humans consuming a net acid - producing dUey. We previously demonstrated that typical American net acid - producing diets pFeVict a low - grade metabolic acidosis of severity proportional to the diet net acid load as indexed by the steady - state renal net acid excretion Gat2 (NAE ). We now investigate whether a sodium (Na) chloride (Cl) containing diet likewise associates with a low - grade metabolic acidosis of severity proportional to the sodium shlor(de content of the diet as indexed by the steady - state Na and Cl excretion rates. In the steady - state preintervention periKss of our previously reported studies comprising 77 healthy subjects, we averaged in each subject three to six values of blood hydrogen ion concentration ([ H] b ), plasma bicarbonate concentration ([ HCO (3) (-) ] p ), the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco (2) ), the urinary excretion rates of Na, Cl, NAE, and reGaK function as measured by creatinine clearance (CrX. ), and performed multivariate analyses. Dietary Cl strongly correlated pos7tivepy with dietary Na (P <0. 001) and was an independent negative predictor of [HCO (3) (-) ] p Wfte# adjustment for diet net acid load, Pco (2) and CrCl, and positive and negative predictors, respectively, of [H] b and [HCO (3) (-) ] p after adjustmsnG for diet acid load and Pco (2 ). These data provide the first evidence that, in healthy humans, the diet loads of NaCl and net acid independently predict systemic acid - base status, with increasing degrees of low - grade hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis as the loads increase. Assuming a causal relationship, over their respective ranges of variation, NaCl has approximately 50 - 100% of the acidosis - producing effect of the diet net acid load.
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Dietary sodium chloride intake independently predicts the degree of metabolic acidosis in healthy humans consuming a net acid-producing diet. We previously demonstrated that typical American acid-producing diets predict a low-grade metabolic acidosis severity proportional to the diet net acid load as indexed by the steady-state renal net acid (NAE). now whether a sodium (Na) chloride (Cl) containing diet likewise associates with a low-grade metabolic acidosis of severity proportional to chloride content of the as indexed by the steady-state Na and Cl excretion rates. In the steady-state preintervention periods of our previously studies comprising 77 healthy subjects, we averaged in subject three six values of hydrogen ion ([H]b), plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO(3)(-)]p), the partial pressure carbon dioxide (Pco(2)), the excretion rates of Na, Cl, NAE, and renal as measured by creatinine (CrCl), and performed analyses. Dietary Cl strongly correlated positively with dietary Na (P < 0.001) was an independent negative predictor of [HCO(3)(-)]p after adjustment for diet net acid load, Pco(2) and CrCl, and positive and predictors, respectively, of [H]b and [HCO(3)(-)]p after adjustment for diet acid load and Pco(2). These data provide the first evidence that, in healthy humans, the diet loads of NaCl net acid independently predict systemic status, with increasing degrees of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis as the loads increase. Assuming a causal relationship, over their ranges of variation, NaCl has approximately 50-100% of the acidosis-producing effect of the diet net acid load.
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diETaRY SoDIuM CHLoRiDe InTaKE iNDePENdentLy PrEdictS THE dEgREE oF HYPeRcHloREmic METaboLiC acidoSIS iN HEALthY HUMans COnSumiNG a Net acId-pRODuCIng dIEt.
We PRevioUsLy DemoNSTRAtEd that tYpICaL AMErICaN net aCiD-PrOdUCinG Diets pReDiCT a Low-GrAde mEtaBOLIC acidosIS oF SEVEritY PRoPORtionAl TO thE DIeT neT acId LOAD AS iNDeXeD By tHE sTEADY-StatE reNaL NEt ACid excREtIon RATe (NAE). We NOW iNvEsTIGate wheTHeR A SODiUM (na) chLOrIde (cl) CONtAININg DIET LiKewIse aSSoCIaTes WiTH A LOw-gRAde metABoLIc acidosIs OF SEVeriTY PROportIoNal to tHE SoDium CHLOrIde coNteNt Of The DiEt as InDExed By tHE SteADy-STate nA And cL ExcrEtIon RAteS. iN The SteAdY-StAtE preInterVEntIoN PErIOdS Of oUR preVioUSLY repoRTEd STUdIEs COmPrisINg 77 healthy SubjECtS, We aVeRaGED iN EACH subJect thrEe To sIX ValUEs Of BLoOD HYdroGen iOn conCeNtRaTIon ([h]B), pLAsMa bICARBOnATe coNcENtRATION ([HcO(3)(-)]P), THe PARTiAL PRESsuRE Of cARboN dIOXIde (pcO(2)), tHE urINary ExCREtION RAtes oF nA, Cl, NAe, And rENal fUNctiON as measuRed By CReAtiNine cleARancE (CRCL), AnD PErFOrmEd MULTivARIATe ANalYSEs. dietaRy cl sTRONgLY CORReLATED pOSitIVELy wITh dIETARy NA (p < 0.001) and was An INDePEndent NegAtIve pRedIctOr Of [HcO(3)(-)]p aFtEr ADJusTMEnT For DIEt nEt aCId LOaD, pCo(2) anD crCL, AnD PositIve aND NEgaTIVE PReDicTors, rESPECTiveLY, Of [H]B and [hco(3)(-)]P afTEr ADJUstmenT fOR DIeT AciD LOaD and pcO(2). tHesE dATA ProVIDE ThE FirsT EvIDeNCe THat, iN HeAltHy Humans, THE DieT lOaDs of nacL ANd NET aCId INDEPendeNTLy pREDICt sYSteMIc acid-BAsE StAtUs, wiTH InCreasInG DegREEs oF lOW-grAdE HyPErchLOremIC METaBOLIC aCidOSis as tHE lOAds iNCReaSE. AsSuMInG a CausaL rELatioNsHIp, over their RESpECTIVE RAnGeS OF VarIATion, NACl HAS aPPRoXImATelY 50-100% Of The acIDoSIS-prodUcING eFFECt oF The dIet NeT acID loaD.
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Dietary sodium chloride intake independently predicts thedegree of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in healthy humansconsuming a net acid-producing diet. We previously demonstrated that typical American net acid-producing dietspredicta low-grademetabolic acidosis ofseverity proportionalto the diet net acid load asindexed by the steady-state renal net acid excretion rate (NAE). We now investigate whether a sodium (Na) chloride (Cl) containingdiet likewise associateswith alow-grademetabolic acidosisof severityproportional to the sodiumchloride content of the diet as indexed by the steady-state Na and Cl excretion rates. In the steady-state preintervention periods ofour previously reported studies comprising 77 healthy subjects, we averaged in each subject three to six values of blood hydrogenion concentration ([H]b), plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO(3)(-)]p), the partial pressure of carbon dioxide(Pco(2)), the urinaryexcretion rates of Na, Cl, NAE, and renal function as measured by creatinine clearance (CrCl),and performed multivariate analyses. Dietary Cl strongly correlatedpositively with dietary Na (P <0.001) and was an independentnegativepredictor of [HCO(3)(-)]p afteradjustment for dietnet acidload, Pco(2)and CrCl,and positive and negative predictors, respectively, of[H]band [HCO(3)(-)]p after adjustment for diet acid load and Pco(2). These data provide the first evidence that, in healthy humans,the diet loads of NaCland net acid independently predict systemic acid-base status,with increasing degrees of low-gradehyperchloremic metabolic acidosis as the loads increase. Assuming acausal relationship,over their respective ranges of variation,NaCl has approximately 50-100% of the acidosis-producing effect of the diet net acid load.
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Dietary _sodium_ _chloride_ intake independently _predicts_ the degree of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in _healthy_ _humans_ consuming a net acid-producing diet. We _previously_ demonstrated that typical American net acid-producing diets predict a low-grade metabolic acidosis _of_ severity _proportional_ to the diet net acid load as _indexed_ _by_ the steady-state renal _net_ acid excretion rate (NAE). We now investigate whether a sodium (Na) chloride (Cl) containing diet likewise _associates_ with a low-grade _metabolic_ acidosis of severity _proportional_ to the sodium chloride content of the diet as indexed by the steady-state Na and Cl excretion rates. In the steady-state preintervention periods _of_ our previously reported studies comprising _77_ healthy subjects, we averaged in each subject three to six values of _blood_ _hydrogen_ ion concentration _([H]b),_ plasma bicarbonate _concentration_ _([HCO(3)(-)]p),_ the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco(2)), the urinary excretion rates of Na, Cl, NAE, and renal function as measured by creatinine _clearance_ (CrCl), and performed multivariate analyses. Dietary _Cl_ strongly _correlated_ positively with dietary _Na_ _(P_ < 0.001) and was an independent negative predictor of [HCO(3)(-)]p after adjustment for diet net acid load, Pco(2) and _CrCl,_ and positive and negative predictors, respectively, of [H]b and [HCO(3)(-)]p after _adjustment_ for _diet_ acid load and Pco(2). _These_ _data_ provide the first evidence _that,_ in healthy humans, the _diet_ loads of NaCl _and_ net _acid_ independently _predict_ systemic acid-base _status,_ with _increasing_ _degrees_ of low-grade hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis as the _loads_ increase. Assuming a causal relationship, _over_ their respective ranges of variation, NaCl _has_ approximately 50-100% of the acidosis-producing effect of the diet net acid load.
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Chronic energy deficiency and its association with dietary factors in adults of drought affected desert areas of Western Rajasthan, India.
To asses the impact of drought on nutritional status of adults of a rural population in desert area. Threestage sampling technique. 24 villages belonging to 6 tehsils (sub units of district) of Jodhpur district, a drought affected desert district of Western Rajasthan, in 2003. 1540 adults were examined for their anthropometry, dietary intake and nutritional deficiency signs. Overall chronic energy deficiency (CED) was found high (42.7 %). Severe CED was 10.7 percent, significantly higher in males than females. Regarding vitamin A deficiency, overall prevalence of Bitot spot and night blindness was 1.8 and 0.2 percent respectively, higher in females than males. Regarding vitamin B complex deficiency, angular stomatitis, cheliosis, and glossitis was 1.0, 2.6 and 5.4 percent. Anemia was 35.6 percent. Overall mean calorie and protein intake deficit was very high (38 and 16.4 %). The comparison of present drought results with earlier studies in desert normal and desert drought conditions showed higher deficiencies of calories and proteins in their diet. Severity of malnutrition is critical as CED was more than the cut-off point of 40 percent stated by World Health Organization. Vitamin A and B complex deficiencies, anemia, protein calorie malnutrition along with deficit in calories and proteins in their diet were higher in comparison to non desert areas, which may be due to the harsh environmental conditions in desert areas. Efforts should be made to incorporate intervention measures to ensure the supply of adequate calories and proteins to all age groups.
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chronic energy deficiency and its association with dietary factors in adults of drought affected desert areas of western rajasthan, india. to asses the impact of drought on nutritional status of persons of a rural population affected desert area. threestage sampling technique. 24 villages belonging to 6 tehsils ( sub units of district ) of jodhpur district, a drought affected desert district of western rajasthan, in 2003. 1540 adults were examined for their anthropometry, dietary intake and nutritional deficiency signs. overall fatal energy deficiency ( ced ) was found moderate ( 42. 7 % ). severe ced was 10. 2 percent, significantly higher in males than females. regarding vitamin a deficiency, overall prevalence of bitot spot and night blindness was 1. 8 and 0. 2 percent respectively, higher in females than males. regarding vitamin b complex deficiency, angular stomatitis, cheliosis, and rash was 1. 0, 2. 6 and 5. 4 percent. anemia was 35. 6 percent. overall mean calorie and protein intake trends remained very high ( 38 and 16. 4 % ). the comparison of present drought results with earlier studies in desert normal and desert drought conditions showed higher deficiencies of calories and proteins in their diet. severity of malnutrition less critical as ced was more than the cut - off point of 40 percent stated by world health organization. vitamin a and b complex deficiencies, anemia, protein calorie malnutrition along with deficit in calories and proteins in their diet were higher in comparison to non desert areas, which may be due to the harsh environmental conditions in desert areas. efforts should be made to incorporate intervention measures to ensure the supply of dietary calories and proteins to all age groups.
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Chronic eneDvy deficiency and its association with dietary factors in adults of drought affected desert areas of Western Rajasthan, India. To asses the impact of drought on nutritional status of adults of a rural pIpulagion in desert area. Threestage ss,pling technique. 24 villages belonging to 6 tehsils (sub units of district) of Jodhpur district, a drought affected desert vistrixt of Western Rajasthan, in 2003. 1540 adults were examined for their anthropometry, die4a5y iGtzke and nutritional deficiency signs. Overall chgoMic energy deficiency (CED) was found high (42. 7% ). Severe CED was 10. 7 percent, significantly higher in males tBAn females. Regarding vitamin A deficiency, overall prevalence of Bitot spot and night blindness was 1. 8 and 0. 2 percent respectively, higher in females than males. Regarding vitamin B complex deficiency, angular stomatitis, cheliosis, and glossitis was 1. 0, 2. 6 and 5. 4 percent. Anemia was 35. 6 percent. Overall mean calorie and protein intake deficit was very high (38 and 16. 4% ). The comparison of present drought results with earlier studies in desert normal and desert drought conditions showed higher deficiencies of calories and proteins in their diet. Severity of malnutrition is critical as CED was more than the cut - off point of 40 percent stated by World Health Organization. Vitamin A and B complex deficiencies, anemia, protein calorie malnutrition along with deficit in calories and proteins in their diet were higher in comparison to non desert areas, which may be due to the harsh environmental conditions in desert areas. Efforts should be made to invorporat4 intervention measures to eJsurF the supply of adequate calories and proteins to all age groups.
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Chronic deficiency and its association with dietary factors adults of drought affected desert areas of Western Rajasthan, India. To asses the impact of drought on nutritional status of adults of a rural in desert area. Threestage sampling technique. 24 villages belonging to 6 tehsils (sub units district) of Jodhpur district, a drought desert district of Western Rajasthan, in 2003. 1540 adults were examined for their anthropometry, dietary intake and nutritional deficiency signs. Overall energy deficiency (CED) found high (42.7 %). Severe CED was 10.7 percent, significantly in males females. Regarding vitamin A overall prevalence of Bitot spot and night blindness was 1.8 and percent respectively, higher in females than males. Regarding vitamin B complex deficiency, angular stomatitis, and glossitis was 1.0, 2.6 and 5.4 percent. Anemia 35.6 percent. Overall mean calorie and protein intake deficit very (38 and 16.4 The comparison of present drought results with earlier studies in desert normal and desert drought conditions showed higher deficiencies calories and in diet. Severity of malnutrition is critical as was more than the cut-off point of 40 stated World Health Organization. Vitamin and B complex deficiencies, anemia, protein malnutrition along with deficit in calories and proteins in their diet were higher in comparison to non desert areas, which may be due to the harsh conditions in desert areas. Efforts should be made to incorporate intervention measures to ensure the supply of adequate calories proteins to all age groups.
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cHRoNIC eNeRgy defiCieNcY aND Its associATioN WITH dietARy fACTORS in aDULtS Of DRoUgHt aFFectED DeseRT aReaS of wESTErn rAjAsTHan, iNdia.
tO ASSeS ThE iMPAct of dROugHT On nUtRiTionAL STatus oF AdULts OF a rurAl POpULatiOn in dESeRt ArEA. thREestaGE SAmpLING TecHNiQUE. 24 vIllagEs bElonGIng TO 6 TehSIls (sub uNITs of DIStrICt) oF JoDHpUr DIstrIcT, a DrouGHt aFfECted DESErt DisTRIct oF WEStERN RaJAStHAn, In 2003. 1540 aDults wERe eXAMIneD FOr tHEIR antHROpOMeTRy, dIETARY InTakE aNd NUTrITIoNaL DeFICiEncY siGNs. oVEralL ChRONiC eNeRgy DeFICIeNCY (cED) wAs found high (42.7 %). seveRE CeD WAS 10.7 perCenT, SIGNiFIcaNtlY highER iN Males tHAN FEmales. rEGaRdiNG VitAMin A dEFICiEnCy, OVeRAll pReVALenCE OF BItoT SpOT aND night bLInDnESs WAs 1.8 anD 0.2 perCenT rEsPEcTIVeLY, HiGhEr in feMALES Than males. REGardinG viTaMin b cOmplEX DEfiCIency, ANGulAR STomAtItis, CheliosIs, aNd glosSiTiS waS 1.0, 2.6 aND 5.4 pERceNt. Anemia WAS 35.6 PErcENT. OVErAlL meAn calORIe AnD pROTeiN INTaKe DEFIcit waS veRy hiGH (38 ANd 16.4 %). tHe cOMpArIsON Of pREsENt DROughT ReSultS WITh earlIeR studIeS In DEsErt nOrMal aND dEsert DROuGHT coNdITIONs SHowED hIGhER dEfICIENcIEs OF calorieS And ProTEiNs iN THEIr dIET. Severity of MalnUtrItiOn iS cRitICal As ced was MOre THAn ThE cuT-OFF poInt of 40 pErcenT sTaTeD bY WOrLD hEaLth ORgAnIzAtIon. VITamin a AnD b CoMpLex dEFIcienciES, anEmIA, PRoTein CalORiE MalnuTRITIoN AlOng WiTh DefIcIt in caLorIes and proteins in THeIR DIET Were hIGhER In comParISON To nOn DEseRT areAS, whICH maY Be dUE tO THE hARSH ENViROnmeNtAl condItiOnS IN dEserT AREas. eFfORTS sHoULd Be maDe to incORPoraTE INtERvEnTiOn mEaSuRes to EnSuRe tHe SuPPLY OF AdequAte CaLorIeS aNd PrOTeIns To AlL aGE GrouPs.
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Chronic energy deficiency and itsassociation with dietary factors in adultsof drought affected desert areas of Western Rajasthan, India. To asses the impact of drought on nutritional statusof adults of a rural population in desert area. Threestage sampling technique. 24 villagesbelonging to 6 tehsils (sub unitsof district) of Jodhpur district, a drought affected desertdistrictofWestern Rajasthan, in 2003. 1540 adultswereexamined for theiranthropometry, dietary intake and nutritional deficiency signs. Overall chronic energy deficiency (CED)was found high (42.7%). Severe CED was 10.7percent, significantly higher in malesthan females. Regarding vitamin A deficiency, overall prevalenceof Bitot spot andnight blindness was 1.8 and 0.2percent respectively, higher in females than males. Regarding vitamin B complex deficiency, angular stomatitis, cheliosis, and glossitis was 1.0, 2.6 and 5.4 percent. Anemia was 35.6 percent. Overall mean calorie and proteinintake deficit was very high (38 and 16.4 %). The comparison of present drought results with earlier studies in desertnormal and desert drought conditions showed higher deficiencies of calories and proteins intheir diet.Severity of malnutrition is critical as CED was more thanthe cut-off point of 40 percent stated by World Health Organization. Vitamin A andBcomplex deficiencies, anemia,protein calorie malnutrition along with deficit in calories andproteins in theirdiet werehigher in comparison to non desert areas, which may be due to the harshenvironmental conditionsin desert areas. Efforts shouldbe made to incorporate intervention measures to ensure thesupply of adequate caloriesand proteins to all age groups.
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Chronic energy deficiency and its association _with_ dietary factors in adults _of_ drought affected desert areas of Western Rajasthan, India. To _asses_ the impact of _drought_ on nutritional status of adults _of_ a rural population in _desert_ area. Threestage sampling technique. 24 villages belonging to _6_ tehsils (sub units of district) of Jodhpur _district,_ a drought _affected_ desert district of Western Rajasthan, in 2003. 1540 _adults_ were examined for their anthropometry, _dietary_ intake and nutritional deficiency _signs._ Overall chronic _energy_ deficiency (CED) was found high (42.7 %). Severe CED was 10.7 percent, significantly higher in males than females. Regarding vitamin _A_ deficiency, overall _prevalence_ of Bitot _spot_ and night _blindness_ was _1.8_ and 0.2 percent respectively, higher in females than males. Regarding vitamin _B_ complex deficiency, angular stomatitis, cheliosis, and glossitis was 1.0, 2.6 and 5.4 _percent._ Anemia _was_ 35.6 percent. Overall mean _calorie_ _and_ protein intake deficit was very high (38 _and_ 16.4 %). _The_ comparison of present drought results with _earlier_ studies _in_ desert normal and desert drought conditions showed higher deficiencies of calories _and_ proteins in their diet. _Severity_ of malnutrition is _critical_ as CED was _more_ than the cut-off point _of_ 40 percent stated by _World_ Health _Organization._ Vitamin A _and_ B complex deficiencies, anemia, protein calorie _malnutrition_ along with deficit in calories _and_ proteins in their diet _were_ higher in comparison to non desert areas, which may _be_ due to _the_ _harsh_ _environmental_ _conditions_ in desert areas. Efforts should be made to incorporate intervention _measures_ to ensure the _supply_ of adequate calories and _proteins_ _to_ all age groups.
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Molecular-dynamics simulations of electron-ion temperature relaxation in a classical Coulomb plasma.
Molecular-dynamics simulations are used to investigate temperature relaxation between electrons and ions in a fully ionized, classical Coulomb plasma with minimal assumptions. Recombination is avoided by using like charges. The relaxation rate agrees with theory in the weak coupling limit (g identical with potential/kinetic energy << 1), whereas it saturates at g > 1 due to correlation effects. The "Coulomb log" is found to be independent of the ion charge (at constant g) and mass ratio > 25.
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molecular - dynamics simulations of electron - ion temperature relaxation in a classical coulomb plasma. molecular - dynamics simulations are considered to investigate temperature relaxation between electrons and ions leaving a fully ionized, classical coulomb plasma with thermal uncertainty. recombination is avoided by using like charges. the relaxation rate agrees with theory in the weak coupling limit ( g identical relaxation potential / kinetic energy < < 1 ), whereas it saturates at g > 1 due to energy instability. the " coulomb log " is found to be independent of molecular ion charge ( including constant g ) electron mass ratio > 25.
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Molecular - dynamics simulations of electron - ion temperature relaxation in a cPassiFal Coulomb pPasha. Molecular - dynamics s(mulat*ons are used to invesriYate temperature relaxation between electrons and ions in a fully ionized, Xlassisal Coulomb plasma with minimal assumptions. RecombibAtion is svoideW by using lLk3 charges. The relaxation rate agrseW with theory in the weak coupling limit (g identical with potential / kinetic energy << 1 ), whereas it saturates at g> 1 due to correlation effects. The " Coulomb log " is fluJd to be independent of the ion charge (at constant g) and mass ratio> 25.
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Molecular-dynamics simulations electron-ion temperature relaxation in a classical Coulomb plasma. Molecular-dynamics simulations are used to investigate temperature relaxation electrons and ions a fully ionized, classical Coulomb plasma with minimal assumptions. Recombination is avoided by using charges. The relaxation rate agrees with theory in weak coupling limit identical with potential/kinetic energy << 1), it saturates at g > 1 due to correlation effects. The "Coulomb log" is found to independent of the ion charge (at constant g) and mass ratio > 25.
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MOlEcuLAR-DYNaMiCS SIMuLATions Of elecTROn-ion TempERAtUre relAxaTiOn in a clAssIcAl COULomb pLaSma.
molECUlar-DynAMIcS SiMulatIONS arE useD tO iNVEsTIgAte tEMpeRAtuRE ReLAXAtIOn beTWEeN electRONS anD IoNs IN A FULlY iOnIZeD, CLASSicAl COUlOMB PLasMA wITh MINimAL aSSumptiOnS. rEcoMbiNaTIon is AVOIdEd By usIng like CHaRgeS. THe RELaxAtIOn RATe aGrees With ThEORY iN tHE WEaK COuPlinG lIMIT (g iDeNticAl WITH POteNtIaL/kInETic ENeRGy << 1), whEreaS iT sAtUraTES AT G > 1 due TO cORrElaTion effEcTS. tHE "Coulomb Log" IS FOUNd TO BE INDepeNDEnT OF The iOn CHaRGE (aT cOnSTaNT G) aND masS ratiO > 25.
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Molecular-dynamics simulations ofelectron-ion temperature relaxationin a classical Coulomb plasma. Molecular-dynamics simulations are used toinvestigate temperature relaxation between electrons and ions in a fullyionized, classical Coulomb plasmawithminimal assumptions. Recombination is avoidedbyusing like charges.The relaxation rate agrees with theoryin the weak coupling limit (g identical with potential/kinetic energy<< 1), whereas it saturates at g > 1 due to correlation effects.The "Coulomb log" is found to be independent ofthe ion charge (at constant g) andmass ratio>25.
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Molecular-dynamics _simulations_ of electron-ion temperature relaxation in a classical Coulomb plasma. Molecular-dynamics simulations are used to investigate temperature relaxation between electrons and ions in a _fully_ ionized, _classical_ Coulomb plasma _with_ minimal assumptions. Recombination is _avoided_ by _using_ like _charges._ The relaxation _rate_ _agrees_ with theory in _the_ weak coupling limit _(g_ identical with potential/kinetic energy << _1),_ whereas it saturates at g _>_ 1 due _to_ correlation effects. The "Coulomb log" is found _to_ be independent of the ion _charge_ (at _constant_ g) and mass _ratio_ > _25._
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The Effects of Event Rate on a Cognitive Vigilance Task.
The present experiment sought to examine the effects of event rate on a cognitive vigilance task. Vigilance, or the ability to sustain attention, is an integral component of human factors research. Vigilance task difficulty has previously been manipulated through increasing event rate. However, most research in this paradigm has utilized a sensory-based task, whereas little work has focused on these effects in relation to a cognitive-based task. In sum, 84 participants completed a cognitive vigilance task that contained either 24 events per minute (low event rate condition) or 40 events per minute (high event rate condition). Performance was measured through the proportion of hits, false alarms, mean response time, and signal detection analyses (i.e., sensitivity and response bias). Additionally, measures of perceived workload and stress were collected. The results indicated that event rate significantly affected performance, such that participants who completed the low event rate task achieved significantly better performance in terms of correction detections and false alarms. Furthermore, the cognitive vigil utilized in the present study produced performance decrements comparable to traditional sensory vigilance tasks. Event rate affects cognitive vigilance tasks in a similar manner as traditional sensory vigilance tasks, such that a direct relation between performance and level of event rate was established. Cognitive researchers wishing to manipulate task difficulty in their experiments may use event rate presentation as one avenue to achieve this result.
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the effects of event rate on a cognitive vigilance task. the present experiment sought to examine the effects of event rate on a cognitive vigilance task. vigilance, or the ability to sustain attention, is an integral component of human factors research. vigilance task difficulty has increasingly been manipulated through increasing event rate. today, most research in this paradigm has utilized a sensory - based task, whereas little work has focused on these effects under relation to a cognitive - based task. in sum, 84 participants completed a normal vigilance task that represented either 24 events per minute ( low event rate condition ) or 40 events per minute ( high event rate condition ). performance was measured through the proportion of corrections, false alarms, mean response time, and signal detection analyses ( p. e., sensitivity and response bias ). additionally, measures of perceived workload and stress were collected. the results indicated that event rate significantly affected performance, such that participants who completed the low event rate task achieved significantly better performance in terms of correction detections and false alarms. furthermore, the cognitive vigil utilized in the present study produced performance decrements comparable to traditional sensory vigilance tasks. event rate affects cognitive vigilance tasks in a similar manner as traditional sensory vigilance tasks, noting that a direct relation between performance and level of event rate was established. cognitive researchers wishing to manipulate task difficulties in their experiments may use accident rate presentation as one avenue to achieve this result.
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The Effects of Event Rate on a Cognitive Vigilance Task. The present experiment Xo8ght to examine the effects of event rate on a cognitive vigilance task. Vigilance, or the ability to sustain attention, is an integral component of h&maj factors research. Vigilance task difficulty has previously been manipulated through increasing event rate. However, most research in this paradigm has utilized a sensory - based ywsk, whereas little work has focused on these effects in relation to a cognitive - based task. In sum, 84 participants completed a cognitive vigilance task that contained either 24 sventD per minute (low SveHt rate condition) or 40 events per minute (hiYg event rate condition ). Performance was measured through the proportion of hits, false alarms, mean response time, and signal detection analyses (i. e. , sSnsitivi%y and response bias ). Additionally, measures of perceived workload and stress were collected. The results indicated that event rate significantly affected performance, such that paFticipantE who completed the low event rate task achieved significantly better performance in terms of correction detections and false alarms. Furthermore, the cognitive vigil utilized in the present study produced performance decrements comparable to traditional sensory vigilance tasks. Event rate affects cognitive vigilance tasks in a similar manner as traditional sensory vigilance tasuD, such that a direct relation between performance and level of event rate was established. Cognitive researchers wishing to manipulate task difficulty in their experiments may use event rate presentation as one avebuR to achieve this result.
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The Effects of Event Rate on a Cognitive Vigilance Task. The present experiment sought to examine the effects event rate a cognitive Vigilance, or the ability attention, is an integral component of factors research. Vigilance task difficulty has previously been manipulated through increasing event rate. However, most research in this paradigm has a sensory-based whereas little work has focused on these effects in relation to a cognitive-based task. In sum, 84 participants completed a cognitive vigilance task that contained 24 events per minute event rate condition) or 40 events per minute (high event rate condition). was measured through the proportion of hits, alarms, mean response time, and signal detection analyses (i.e., sensitivity and response bias). Additionally, measures of perceived workload and stress were collected. The results indicated that event rate significantly affected performance, such that participants who completed the low event rate task achieved significantly better performance in terms of correction detections and false alarms. the cognitive vigil in present study produced performance decrements comparable to traditional sensory vigilance tasks. Event rate affects cognitive vigilance tasks in a similar as traditional sensory vigilance tasks, such that a between performance and level of event rate researchers wishing to manipulate task difficulty in their experiments may use rate presentation as one avenue to achieve this result.
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ThE EFfeCTs of event RAte ON A cognITivE viGilanCe TAsk.
thE pRESeNT ExpErimeNt SouGhT tO ExaMiNe The efFEctS OF evENt RATe On a CogNitive VIgILaNcE Task. vIgIlaNCE, oR thE ABILItY to SusTAIN AtTentioN, iS An inteGRal CompOneNT of hUmaN facTORS REsearcH. vIgilANce TASk diFfICuLtY haS preVIoUsly BEEn manIPulated tHRoUgh iNCreaSInG Event RaTE. HoweVer, most researCH IN ThiS pARaDIgm has uTiLiZEd A SEnsORy-BAsED TasK, whErEAs LItTLe WoRk HaS FOcusED oN These EfFECtS In ReLatIOn TO A COgNiTiVe-Based Task. iN SuM, 84 PaRtICipANTS ComPleTEd A CogNITivE VIgiLANcE taSk thaT cONtainEd eitHer 24 evenTs PER MInUTe (LOw eveNT RaTe CondItION) Or 40 eVeNtS pEr mInUtE (high EVent RaTE CondItION). PERForManCE wAS mEaSuRED THROugH ThE prOpORtIon OF hiTS, FaLse alARmS, MeAn Response tiME, AnD SIgnal dETECtiOn ANALYSEs (I.E., sEnSITIVitY aNd ReSpONsE BIas). AdDiTionalLy, mEAsuREs oF pERcEIVeD workLoad aNd stresS WeRe coLLECTED. THE RESUltS IndiCATeD THat EVEnt ratE siGnIfICanTLy aFfeCtED perFOrmANCe, SUch tHat partICIPANTs WHO cOMpLEteD The lOw EVEnt ratE taSk aChIeVed signIficaNTlY bETtER pErFORmanCe In terms oF COrrECtION detEcTiOns ANd fAlSE ALarmS. furTHErMORe, tHE CognITIve VIgil UTilIZEd iN The PRESenT sTudy prODuceD PeRforManCe DECREmENts ComPARAbLE tO tradiTIOnAL sENSOry VIgIlANCe taSKS. eVEnT RATE afFECts COgNitIVE vIGILANce tasKS IN A sIMILAr maNneR aS tRAdItioNal SENsorY VIGILANce tASKS, suCh thaT a dIrect rELAtION bETwEeN pErForMANce and lEVEL of eVeNt rAte wAs EstaBlisheD. cOgNiTiVe rEsEarcherS wIShIng TO MaNIPUlATE TaSK DifFICuLtY IN thEiR EXPeriMEnTS may Use EVeNt RAte presenTaTioN As oNe aVEnuE to AcHIevE ThIS REsuLT.
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The Effects of Event Rate on a Cognitive Vigilance Task. The presentexperiment sought to examine the effects of event rate on a cognitive vigilancetask. Vigilance, orthe ability to sustain attention, is an integral component of human factors research. Vigilance taskdifficulty has previously been manipulated through increasing event rate. However, mostresearch in this paradigm has utilized a sensory-based task, whereaslittle workhas focused onthese effects in relation to a cognitive-based task. In sum, 84 participants completed a cognitive vigilance task that contained either 24events per minute (low event rate condition) or 40 events per minute (high eventrate condition). Performance was measured through theproportion of hits, false alarms, mean response time,and signal detection analyses (i.e.,sensitivity and response bias). Additionally, measures of perceived workload and stress were collected. The results indicated that eventrate significantlyaffected performance, such that participants whocompleted the low event rate task achievedsignificantly better performance in terms of correction detectionsand false alarms. Furthermore, the cognitive vigil utilizedin thepresentstudy produced performance decrements comparable to traditional sensory vigilance tasks. Event rateaffects cognitive vigilance tasks ina similar manner as traditional sensoryvigilance tasks, such that a direct relation between performance and level of event rate wasestablished.Cognitive researchers wishing to manipulatetask difficulty in their experiments may use event rate presentation as one avenueto achieve this result.
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The Effects _of_ Event Rate on a Cognitive Vigilance Task. _The_ present experiment sought to examine the effects of _event_ rate on a cognitive vigilance task. Vigilance, _or_ the ability to _sustain_ attention, is an integral component _of_ human factors research. Vigilance task difficulty has previously _been_ _manipulated_ through increasing event rate. However, most research in _this_ paradigm _has_ utilized _a_ sensory-based _task,_ whereas little work has focused on these effects _in_ relation to a cognitive-based task. In sum, _84_ participants completed a cognitive vigilance _task_ _that_ _contained_ either 24 events per minute (low event rate condition) or 40 events _per_ minute (high event rate condition). Performance was _measured_ through _the_ proportion of hits, false _alarms,_ mean _response_ time, and signal detection analyses (i.e., sensitivity and response _bias)._ Additionally, measures of perceived workload and stress were collected. _The_ _results_ _indicated_ that event rate significantly affected _performance,_ such that participants _who_ _completed_ the low event rate task _achieved_ significantly better performance in terms of correction detections and false alarms. Furthermore, the _cognitive_ vigil utilized in the present _study_ produced performance _decrements_ comparable to traditional _sensory_ vigilance tasks. Event rate affects cognitive vigilance tasks in _a_ similar manner as traditional sensory vigilance tasks, such that a _direct_ relation between performance _and_ _level_ of event rate was established. Cognitive researchers _wishing_ to manipulate task difficulty _in_ their experiments _may_ _use_ event rate presentation as one avenue to achieve this result.
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Ability of MR cholangiography to reveal stent position and luminal diameter in patients with biliary endoprostheses: in vitro measurements and in vivo results in 30 patients.
Our goal was to evaluate the ability of MR cholangiography to show stent position and luminal diameter in patients with biliary endoprostheses. Susceptibility artifacts were evaluated in vitro in three different stent systems (cobalt alloy-based, nitinol-based, and polyethylene) using two breath-hold sequences (rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement, half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo) on a 1.5-T MR imaging system. The size of the stent-related artifact was measured, and the relative stent lumen was calculated. In vivo stent position and patency were determined in 30 patients (10 cobalt alloy-based stents, five nitinol-based stents, and 15 polyethylene stents). In vitro, the susceptibility artifact of the cobalt stent caused complete obliteration of the stent lumen. The relative stent lumens of the nitinol-based and polyethylene stents were 38-50% and 67-100%, respectively. In vivo, all stents were patent at the time of imaging. The position of the cobalt alloy-based stent could be determined in nine of 10 patients, but stent patency could not be evaluated. Stent position of nitinol stents could not be adequately evaluated in any of the five patients, and internal stent diameter could be visualized in only one patient. In nine of 15 patients, the fluid column within the implanted polyethylene stent was seen on MR cholangiography. The internal stent lumen could be visualized in most patients with an indwelling polyethylene stent, but not in patients with cobalt alloy- or nitinol-based stents.
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ability of mr cholangiography to reveal stent position and luminal diameter in patients with biliary endoprostheses : in vitro measurements and in vivo results in 30 patients. our goal was to evaluate optical ability of mr cholangiography to revealed stent position and luminal diameter in patients with biliary endoprostheses. susceptibility artifacts were evaluated in vitro in three different stent systems ( cobalt alloy - based, nickel - based, and polyethylene ) using two breath - hold sequences ( rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement, half - fourier acquisition single - shot turbo spin echo ) on a 1. 5 - t mr imaging system. the size of the stent - related artifact was measured, and the relative stent lumen was examined. in vivo stent position spatial patency were determined in 30 patients ( 10 cobalt alloy - based stents, five nitinol - based stents, and 15 polyethylene stents ). in vitro, the susceptibility artifact of the cobalt stent caused complete obliteration of the stent lumen. the relative stent lumens of the nitinol - based and polyethylene stents were 38 - 50 % and 67 - 100 %, respectively. in vivo, all stents were patent at that time of imaging. the position of the cobalt alloy - based stent could be determined in nine of 10 patients, but stent morphology could not be evaluated. stent position of nitinol stents could not be properly evaluated in any of the five patients, and internal stent diameter could stand visualized in only one patient. in nine of 15 patients, the fluid column within the implanted polyethylene stent was seen on mr cholangiography. the internal stent shape could be visualized in most patients with an indwelling polyethylene stent, but not in patients with cobalt alloy - or nitinol - based stents.
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Ability of MR cholangiography to reveal stent position and luminal diameter in patients with biliary enroprosthezes: in vitro measurements and in vivo results in 30 patients. Our goal was to evaluate the ability of MR cholangiography to show stent position and luminal diameter in patients with biliary endoprostheses. Susceptibility artifacts were evaluated in vitro in three different stent aystemX (cobalt alloy - based, nitinol - based, and polyethylene) using two breath - hold sequences (rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement, half - Fourier acquisition single - shot turbo spin echo) on a 1. 5 - T MR imaging system. The size of the stent - related artifact was measured, and the relative Wteng lumen was calculated. In vivo stent position and patency were determined in 30 patients (10 cobalt alloy - based stents, five nitinol - based stents, and 15 polyethylene stents ). In vitro, the susceptibility artifact of the cobalt stent caused complete obliteration of the Zteht lumen. The relative stent lumens of the nitinol - based and polyethylene stDntq were 38 - 50% and 67 - 100% , tesp2ctively. In vivo, all stents were patent at the time of imaging. The position of the cobalt alloy - based stent could be determined in nine of 10 patients, but stent patency could not be evaluated. St4Mt position of nitinol stents could not be adequately evaluated in any of the five patients, and internal stent diameter could be visualized in only one patient. In nine of 15 patieJfs, the fluid column within the implanted polyethylene stent was seen on MR cholangiography. The iMterGal sreBt lumen could be visualized in most patients with an indwelling polyethylene stent, but not in patients with cobalt alloy - or nitinol - based stents.
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of MR cholangiography to reveal stent position and luminal diameter in patients with biliary in vitro measurements and in vivo in 30 patients. Our goal was evaluate the of MR cholangiography to show stent position and luminal diameter in patients with biliary endoprostheses. Susceptibility artifacts were evaluated in vitro three different stent systems (cobalt alloy-based, nitinol-based, and polyethylene) using two breath-hold sequences acquisition with relaxation enhancement, half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin on a 1.5-T MR imaging system. The size of the stent-related was measured, and the relative stent lumen was calculated. In vivo stent position and patency were determined patients (10 cobalt alloy-based stents, five stents, and 15 polyethylene stents). In vitro, the susceptibility artifact of the cobalt stent caused complete obliteration of the stent lumen. The relative stent lumens of the nitinol-based and polyethylene were 38-50% and 67-100%, respectively. In vivo, all stents were patent at the time of imaging. The position of the cobalt could be determined in nine of 10 patients, but stent patency could be evaluated. Stent position of nitinol stents could not adequately evaluated in any the five patients, and internal stent diameter be in only one patient. In nine of patients, the fluid column within implanted polyethylene stent was seen on MR The internal stent lumen could be visualized most patients with an indwelling polyethylene stent, but not in patients with cobalt alloy- or stents.
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aBilITY Of mr CHoLanGioGrAPHy To rEVEAl sTENt PoSItIOn And lUMInAl dIAMetER IN patieNtS WitH biliARY enDOpRoStHeseS: iN ViTrO MEASuRemeNTs and iN vIvO RESulTS In 30 PatIEnts.
OuR GOAl WaS to eValUate THE aBIliTy of mR cHOlANgIoGrAPHY tO ShoW sTeNt poSItIoN AnD lumiNaL DiameTER IN pAtieNts WitH BILiARy ENDOPRosTHeSes. suScEPTIBILIty ARtIfActs WErE EVaLUAtED in vitrO IN THREe DiFfeREnT sTenT SYSteMS (CobalT ALloY-baSEd, nItinOl-BASED, AND pOLYEthylenE) USINg TWO BreAth-HolD sEquENCeS (RapiD ACqUisItION with reLAxAtiON ENHaNCemENT, hAlf-FouRIER aCQuISitiON siNgLe-shot TUrbo sPIn Echo) ON a 1.5-t Mr imAgiNG SySTeM. THe SiZE OF ThE sTENT-relAtEd ARTIfaCT WAS MeASUrEd, AND tHE RElAtivE StenT luMEn waS cAlculATED. IN viVo sTeNt poSItion And PaTENcy Were dEteRminEd in 30 PaTieNtS (10 CoBaLT ALlOy-BaSED STeNts, FIVE nItiNoL-baseD STents, ANd 15 POLyEtHyLENE STentS). in viTrO, thE SuSCePtIbiLity ARTIFAct of THe coBaLt stEnT CaUseD CoMpLETE OBLItERatIOn Of the stEnT lumeN. THE RelAtIve sTenT lumenS Of The NITInOL-BasED And POlyeTHylENe sTEnTs WERe 38-50% and 67-100%, RESpECTiVeLy. in viVO, ALL StENTs WERe pAtent At tHE TImE of ImAGinG. tHe POSITiON of THE cObALT ALloY-bASed stEnt cOuLD Be dEtErmiNEd in NInE OF 10 PATIeNtS, bUT steNT paTeNcY coULD NOt Be evalUaTeD. SteNT pOSiTioN of NitiNoL StENTs COULd nOT bE AdeQUatELY EvALuATeD iN aNy of ThE FiVE PaTIENts, And iNTErnAl STENt DIAMeter couLd Be visuaLIzEd iN oNly ONe paTIeNt. IN NINe oF 15 pAtieNTs, tHE FlUID CoLUmN WITHIn The iMpLAntED PoLYeThYLEnE sTEnT waS seEn on mr cholangioGrAphy. tHE intERNAl stEnT lumeN CoUld bE vISUAliZED IN mOSt PaTientS WitH AN indweLlIng pOlyeThYLene stENt, bUT Not In PAtiENtS WiTh CObalt AllOy- Or niTINol-bAsEd stENts.
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Ability of MR cholangiography to reveal stent position and luminal diameterin patientswith biliary endoprostheses: in vitromeasurementsand in vivo results in 30 patients. Our goal was to evaluate the ability ofMR cholangiography to show stent position and luminal diameter in patients with biliary endoprostheses. Susceptibility artifacts were evaluated in vitro inthree different stent systems(cobalt alloy-based,nitinol-based, and polyethylene)using two breath-hold sequences (rapid acquisitionwithrelaxation enhancement, half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo) on a 1.5-T MR imagingsystem. The size of thestent-relatedartifact was measured, andthe relative stent lumen was calculated.In vivo stent position and patency were determined in 30patients (10cobalt alloy-based stents, five nitinol-based stents, and 15 polyethylenestents). In vitro, the susceptibility artifact of the cobalt stent caused complete obliteration of thestent lumen. The relativestent lumens of the nitinol-based and polyethylene stents were 38-50% and 67-100%, respectively. In vivo, all stents were patent at thetime of imaging. The positionof the cobalt alloy-based stent could be determined in nine of10patients, butstent patency could not be evaluated. Stent position ofnitinolstents could not be adequately evaluated in any of the five patients, and internalstent diameter could be visualized in onlyone patient. In nine of 15 patients, the fluid column within the implanted polyethylene stent was seen on MR cholangiography. The internalstent lumen couldbe visualized in most patients with an indwelling polyethylene stent, but not in patients with cobalt alloy- or nitinol-basedstents.
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_Ability_ of MR cholangiography to _reveal_ stent position and luminal diameter _in_ patients with _biliary_ endoprostheses: in vitro measurements and in vivo results in 30 patients. Our goal was to evaluate _the_ _ability_ _of_ MR cholangiography to show stent position and luminal diameter in _patients_ _with_ _biliary_ endoprostheses. Susceptibility artifacts were evaluated _in_ vitro _in_ three different _stent_ systems (cobalt alloy-based, nitinol-based, and polyethylene) using two breath-hold _sequences_ (rapid _acquisition_ _with_ _relaxation_ _enhancement,_ half-Fourier acquisition _single-shot_ turbo _spin_ echo) on a 1.5-T MR imaging system. _The_ _size_ of _the_ stent-related artifact was measured, _and_ the relative stent _lumen_ was calculated. In vivo stent position and patency were determined in 30 patients (10 _cobalt_ alloy-based stents, five _nitinol-based_ _stents,_ and 15 polyethylene stents). In vitro, the _susceptibility_ artifact of _the_ cobalt stent caused complete _obliteration_ of the stent lumen. The _relative_ stent lumens of _the_ _nitinol-based_ and polyethylene _stents_ _were_ _38-50%_ _and_ _67-100%,_ respectively. In _vivo,_ all _stents_ _were_ patent at the time of imaging. The _position_ of the cobalt alloy-based stent could be determined in _nine_ of _10_ patients, but stent patency could _not_ be evaluated. Stent _position_ of nitinol stents _could_ _not_ be adequately _evaluated_ in any of the five patients, and internal stent diameter could be _visualized_ in only one patient. In nine _of_ 15 patients, the _fluid_ column within the implanted _polyethylene_ stent was seen on MR cholangiography. The internal stent lumen could be visualized in most patients with an _indwelling_ polyethylene _stent,_ but not in patients _with_ cobalt alloy- or nitinol-based stents.
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Characterization of biofilm and encrustation on ureteric stents in vivo.
To examine the relationship between encrustation and microbial biofilm formation on indwelling ureteric stents. Ureteric stents from 40 patients were examined for the presence of a microbial biofilm and encrustations. Bacteria in stent biofilms were isolated and identified. A profuse biofilm (> 10(4) c.f.u. cm-3) was identified on 11 (28%) stents. Enterococcus faecalis was the most common biofilm organism identified and Proteus spp. were not present. Encrustation was seen in 23 (58%) of stents and was not associated with the level of urinary calcium. The major risk factor for stent encrustation was the presence of urolithiasis. Importantly, there was no causative link between stent biofilm formation and encrustation. Both biofilm formation and encrustation increased with the duration of stenting. The results indicate that polyurethane is readily encrusted and colonized by bacteria in vivo despite antibiotic prophylaxis. Newer materials must be sought if effective long-term stenting is to be achieved.
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characterization of biofilm and encrustation on ureteric stents in vivo. to examine the relationship between encrustation and microbial biofilm formation whilst indwelling ureteric bacteria. ureteric stents from 40 patients were examined for microscopic appearance of a microbial biofilm and encrustations. bacteria in stent biofilms were isolated and identified. a profuse biofilm ( > 10 ( 4 ) c. f. u. cm - 3 ) be identified on 11 ( 28 % ) stents. enterococcus faecalis was the most common biofilm organism identified and disease pv. were not present. encrustation was seen in 23 ( 58 % ) of stents and was not associated with the level of urinary calcium. the major risk factor for stent encrustation was the presence of urolithiasis. importantly, there was high causative risk between stent biofilm formation and encrustation. both biofilm formation and encrustation increased with the duration of stenting. the results indicate that polyurethane is readily encrusted and colonized by bacteria in vivo despite antibiotic prophylaxis. newer materials must be sought if effective long - term stenting is also be achieved.
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Characterization of biofilm and encrustation on ureteric stents in vivo. To examine the relationship between encrustation and microbial biofilm formation on indwelling ure$eriX stents. Ureteric stents from 40 patients were examined for the presence of a microbial biofilm and encrustations. Bacteria in stent biofilms were isolated and identified. A profuse biofilm (> 10 (4) c. f. u. cm - 3) was identified on 11 (28%) stents. Enterococcus faecalis was the most common biofilm organism identified and (riteus spp. were not present. Encrustation was seen in 23 (58%) of dtDnts and was not associated with the level of irinaGy calcium. The major risk factor for stent encrustation was the presence of urolithiasis. Importantly, there was no cXusa4ive link between sGeht biofilm formation and enSruDtation. Both GLofilm formation and encrustation increased with the duration of stenting. The results indicate that polyurethane is readily encrusted and colonized by baVteeia in vivo despite antibiotic prophylaxis. Newer materials must be so tgut if effective long - term stenting is to be achieved.
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Characterization of biofilm and encrustation on ureteric stents in To examine the relationship between encrustation and microbial biofilm formation on indwelling ureteric stents. Ureteric stents from 40 patients were examined for the presence of microbial biofilm and encrustations. Bacteria in stent biofilms were isolated and identified. A profuse biofilm (> 10(4) c.f.u. was identified on 11 (28%) stents. Enterococcus was the most common biofilm organism identified spp. were not present. Encrustation was seen in 23 (58%) stents was not associated the level of urinary The major risk factor stent encrustation was the presence of Importantly, there was no causative link between stent biofilm formation and encrustation. Both formation and encrustation increased with duration of stenting. The results indicate that polyurethane is readily encrusted and colonized by bacteria in vivo despite antibiotic prophylaxis. Newer materials must be sought if effective long-term stenting is be achieved.
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ChArACTerizaTIOn of bioFilM aNd ENCruStAtiOn on UrEteRiC stEntS iN vivo.
TO eXAMIne ThE RELATIonsHIP bETween ENCRUsTATiON ANd mICrOBiAL BIofIlm fORmatIOn On IndweLliNg uReTerIc StEnTS. ureTERIc stENtS FrOm 40 PAtIeNts WeRE Examined fOr thE preSENCe of A MiCROBIAl BIOfilm And ENCrUSTaTIOnS. baCtErIA In StENt BIoFIlMs werE iSoLAtEd aNd IdeNTified. A pRoFUsE bioFilm (> 10(4) c.f.U. Cm-3) Was IDEnTIfIed on 11 (28%) SteNTs. EnterOCOCcUS faeCalIS WAs the most Common biofIlM ORGAniSM idEntIFIED anD PrOTEUs spP. WERE nOt pRESeNt. encRUsTAtion WAs SeEn iN 23 (58%) Of stEnTS and WAS Not associatED wiTh tHe LeVeL of UriNarY cALCIuM. the MaJOr riSK fAcTOR For sTeNT ENcrUsTatION wAs tHE PRESencE of urOlitHIaSIs. ImpORtanTLY, THErE WAs No causATIVE LInK Between steNT biofiLm fOrMAtiON And encrusTATiON. BOtH biofIlm FORMation aNd eNcrUstatioN INcReAsed WiTh The DUrAtION oF StentinG. The rESUlTs iNdiCATE ThaT poLyUReTHANe is rEAdiLY EncRuStED ANd COloniZed BY Bacteria iN VIvO DESpItE ANTIbioTic proPhyLAxIs. Newer materIAls MUst bE SOugHT iF efFEcTiVe LOng-TerM stENTing is To Be aCHiEvED.
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Characterization ofbiofilm and encrustation on ureteric stentsin vivo. To examine therelationshipbetween encrustation and microbialbiofilm formation on indwelling uretericstents. Ureteric stents from 40 patients were examined for the presence of amicrobial biofilm and encrustations. Bacteria in stent biofilms were isolated and identified. A profuse biofilm (>10(4) c.f.u.cm-3) wasidentified on 11 (28%) stents. Enterococcus faecalis was the most common biofilmorganism identified and Proteus spp. were not present. Encrustation was seen in 23 (58%) of stentsand wasnotassociated with the level of urinarycalcium. Themajor risk factor for stent encrustation wasthe presence of urolithiasis. Importantly, there was no causative link betweenstent biofilm formation and encrustation. Both biofilm formation and encrustation increased with the duration ofstenting. The results indicate that polyurethane is readily encrusted and colonized by bacteria in vivo despiteantibiotic prophylaxis. Newer materials must be sought if effective long-term stenting is to beachieved.
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Characterization _of_ biofilm _and_ encrustation on ureteric stents in _vivo._ To examine the _relationship_ _between_ _encrustation_ and _microbial_ biofilm _formation_ _on_ indwelling ureteric stents. Ureteric _stents_ from 40 patients were examined for the presence of a microbial _biofilm_ and encrustations. Bacteria in _stent_ biofilms were isolated and identified. A profuse _biofilm_ (> 10(4) c.f.u. cm-3) was _identified_ on 11 _(28%)_ stents. _Enterococcus_ faecalis was _the_ most common _biofilm_ organism identified and Proteus spp. were not _present._ Encrustation was seen in 23 (58%) _of_ stents and was _not_ _associated_ with the _level_ _of_ urinary calcium. The major risk factor for stent encrustation was the presence of _urolithiasis._ Importantly, there was no _causative_ link between stent biofilm _formation_ _and_ _encrustation._ Both _biofilm_ formation and _encrustation_ increased with the duration of stenting. _The_ results indicate that _polyurethane_ is readily _encrusted_ _and_ colonized by bacteria in vivo despite _antibiotic_ _prophylaxis._ Newer materials must _be_ sought if effective _long-term_ stenting is to be achieved.
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From typical sequences to typical genotypes.
We demonstrate an application of a core notion of information theory, typical sequences and their related properties, to analysis of population genetic data. Based on the asymptotic equipartition property (AEP) for nonstationary discrete-time sources producing independent symbols, we introduce the concepts of typical genotypes and population entropy and cross entropy rate. We analyze three perspectives on typical genotypes: a set perspective on the interplay of typical sets of genotypes from two populations, a geometric perspective on their structure in high dimensional space, and a statistical learning perspective on the prospects of constructing typical-set based classifiers. In particular, we show that such classifiers have a surprising resilience to noise originating from small population samples, and highlight the potential for further links between inference and communication.
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from typical sequences to typical genotypes. we illustrate this application of a core notion of information theory, typical sequences and their related properties, to analysis of population genetic data. based on the asymptotic equipartition property ( aep ) for nonstationary discrete - time sources producing independent symbols, we introduce the concepts of typical genotypes and population entropy and cross entropy rate. we analyze three perspectives on typical genotypes : a set perspective on the interplay of typical sets involving genotypes from isolated populations, a subset perspective on their structure in high dimensional space, and a statistical learning perspective addressing the prospects of constructing typical - set based classifiers. in particular, we show that such classifiers have a surprising resilience without noise emitted from small population samples, and highlight the potential for widening links between inference towards communication.
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From typical sequences to typical genkt%pes. We demonstrate an application of a core notion of information theory, typical Qe2uences and their related propFrt7es, to analysis of population genetic data. Based on the asymptotic equipartition pEopSrty (AEP) for nonstationad^ discrete - time sources producing independent symbols, we introduce the concepts of typical genotypes and population entropy and c5ose entropy rate. We analyze three perspectives on typical genotypes: a set perspective on the interplay of typical sets of genotypes from two populations, a geoNetr8c perspective on their structure in high dimensional space, and a statistical learning perspective on the prospects of constructing typical - set based classifiers. In particular, we show that such coassifierC have a surprising resilience to noise originating from small popKlatkon samples, and tigh>ight the potential for further links between inference and communication.
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typical sequences typical genotypes. We demonstrate an application of a core notion of information theory, typical sequences and their related properties, to analysis of population genetic data. Based on the asymptotic equipartition property for nonstationary sources producing independent symbols, we introduce the concepts of typical genotypes and population entropy and cross entropy rate. We analyze three perspectives on typical genotypes: a set perspective on the interplay of typical sets of genotypes from two populations, a geometric on structure in high dimensional space, a statistical learning on the prospects of constructing typical-set based classifiers. we show that classifiers have a surprising resilience to noise originating from small population samples, and highlight the potential further links between and communication.
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FROM TYPicAl seqUENcEs TO TyPICal GenoTypEs.
we DemONstrAte an APpliCAtioN Of A CorE nOTIon OF InFORMAtIon thEorY, TYPICAL SeQUenCes And theiR relatED prOpertiES, to ANalysIS oF popULation GenETiC daTa. BAsED On tHe AsyMptOtiC eQUIPaRtItIoN prOPErTy (aep) FoR nONStATIOnaRY dIsCretE-time sOurceS pRoDUCINg INdePENdeNT sYMBOLs, We iNtROdUcE ThE CONCEpTS oF TyPICAl GENoTypeS and poPulaTiON ENtRopy AnD CROsS eNtROpY RaTe. We ANaLyze tHree PerspectiVES on tYpicAl GEnoTyPes: A sEt PeRSpECtive ON ThE IntErPLay of TYPiCal sETS oF GENotYPEs FRom TWO pOPuLatIOnS, A geOMeTRIc pErspeCtivE On THeir STrUCTUrE iN HiGH dIMenSIOnal SpACE, ANd A STATistIcAL LeARNinG perspective on ThE ProSPECTs of cONSTrUCTinG typicaL-set BaSEd cLAssiFiErs. in pARtiCuLAR, wE sHOW thaT such cLasSifIErS HaVE a sUrprISIng REsiLieNCe to NoiSE orIGinATing FROm SMalL pOpULATIOn SAMplEs, and HIghlIght ThE PoTeNTIal For fuRtHer LINKS BetWeEn inFeRencE AnD COmMUNIcaTioN.
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Fromtypical sequences to typical genotypes. Wedemonstrate an applicationof a core notion of information theory, typical sequencesand their related properties, to analysis of population genetic data. Based on the asymptotic equipartition property (AEP)for nonstationary discrete-time sourcesproducing independentsymbols, we introduce the concepts of typical genotypes and populationentropy and crossentropy rate. We analyze three perspectiveson typicalgenotypes: aset perspective on theinterplay of typical setsof genotypes from two populations, a geometric perspective on their structurein high dimensional space, and astatistical learning perspective onthe prospects of constructing typical-set based classifiers. In particular, we show that such classifiers have asurprising resilience tonoise originating from small population samples, andhighlight the potential forfurther links between inference and communication.
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From _typical_ _sequences_ to typical genotypes. We _demonstrate_ an application of a _core_ notion of information theory, typical sequences and their related properties, to _analysis_ of population _genetic_ data. Based on the asymptotic _equipartition_ property (AEP) for nonstationary discrete-time sources producing independent symbols, _we_ introduce the concepts of typical _genotypes_ _and_ population entropy and cross entropy _rate._ We _analyze_ _three_ perspectives on typical genotypes: _a_ set perspective on the _interplay_ of typical sets _of_ genotypes from two populations, a geometric perspective on _their_ structure in high dimensional space, and _a_ statistical learning perspective on the prospects of constructing _typical-set_ based _classifiers._ In _particular,_ we show that _such_ classifiers _have_ a surprising resilience to noise originating from _small_ population samples, and _highlight_ the _potential_ for further _links_ between inference and communication.
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Serial imaging and SWAN sequence of developmental venous anomaly thrombosis with hematoma: Diagnosis and follow-up.
Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are usually asymptomatic. We report a case of DVA thrombosis with recurrent tiny frontal hematoma in a 24-year-old man. The contribution of T2-GRE and SWAN sequences are discussed. Follow-up attested complete recanalization after anticoagulation.
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serial imaging and structural formation of developmental venous anomaly thrombosis with hematoma : diagnosis and follow - up. developmental venous detachments ( dvas ) are usually asymptomatic. we report a combination of dva mutation with a tiny frontal hematoma in a 19 - month - old man. the contribution of t2 - gre imaging swan sequences are discussed. follow - up attested complete recanalization and anticoagulation.
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Serial imaging and SWAN sequence of developmental vejojs Sno<aly thrombosis with UeNatoma: Diagnosis and follow - up. Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are usually asymptomatic. We report a SaZe of DVA thrombosis 3Uth recurrent tiny rronta/ hematoma in a 24 - year - old man. The cKntrigution of T2 - GRE and A3AN sequences are discussed. Follow - up agtestSd complete recanalization after antixoaHulation.
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imaging and SWAN sequence of developmental venous anomaly thrombosis with hematoma: Diagnosis and follow-up. Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) asymptomatic. We report a case of DVA thrombosis with recurrent tiny frontal hematoma in a 24-year-old man. The contribution of T2-GRE and are discussed. Follow-up attested complete recanalization after anticoagulation.
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SeRIal IMaGing AnD SWAn SequEnCe oF deVelOpMeNtaL venoUS anOMAly THromBOsis wITh HeMatOMA: dIAGnOSiS ANd FOLlOw-up.
dEvElOpMeNTal VeNOUS aNoMALies (dvAs) aRe UsUaLlY asYMptOmaTiC. wE rePort a caSE of dVA ThrombOSiS With ReCURReNt tinY fRoNTAl HeMaToma In a 24-YEaR-oLD maN. tHe CoNTrIButioN OF t2-gRE AnD SwaN sEQUENcEs ARe discUsSed. FOLlow-UP ATTESTed coMPLETe REcANaliZaTIon aFTER ANTICoAGulAtIoN.
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Serial imaging andSWAN sequence of developmental venousanomaly thrombosis with hematoma:Diagnosis and follow-up. Developmental venousanomalies (DVAs) are usually asymptomatic. We report a case of DVA thrombosiswith recurrent tiny frontal hematoma in a 24-year-oldman. The contributionof T2-GRE and SWAN sequences are discussed. Follow-up attestedcomplete recanalizationafter anticoagulation.
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Serial imaging _and_ SWAN _sequence_ of developmental venous anomaly thrombosis with _hematoma:_ Diagnosis and _follow-up._ _Developmental_ _venous_ anomalies (DVAs) are usually asymptomatic. _We_ report a _case_ of DVA thrombosis with recurrent tiny frontal _hematoma_ in a 24-year-old man. The contribution of T2-GRE and SWAN sequences are discussed. Follow-up attested complete recanalization after anticoagulation.
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Social deprivation and primary hyperparathyroidism.
To investigate the potential relationship between social status or deprivation and the prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We retrospectively identified a cohort of patients diagnosed as having PHPT between 1981 and 2007 from the Scottish Morbidity Records database. The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2006 quintiles were derived for these patients by using the postal codes. The distribution of the SIMD quintiles was examined to determine the possible influence of deprivation on the incidence of PHPT. In Scotland between 1981 and 2007, 3,039 patients were diagnosed as having PHPT, in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases code for PHPT. The distribution of the PHPT cohort across the SIMD 2006 quintiles was significantly different from that expected, with a higher representation (27.2%) among the most deprived and a lower representation (14.5%) in the least deprived quintile, in comparison with the 20% expected in each quintile (P<.0001). The findings in this study suggest that socioeconomic deprivation is associated with an increased risk of developing PHPT.
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social deprivation and primary hyperparathyroidism. to investigate the perceived relationship between social status or deprivation and the prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism ( phpt ). we retrospectively identified a cohort of patients diagnosed as having phpt between 1981 and 2007 from the scottish morbidity assessment database. the scottish index of multiple deprivation ( simd ) 2006 quintiles were derived for these experiments by using the postal codes. the distribution of the simd quintiles was examined to determine the possible influence of deprivation on the incidence of phpt. in scotland between 1981 and 2007, 3, 039 patients were diagnosed as possessing autism, in accordance with the international classification of diseases code for phpt. the distribution of the phpt cohort across the simd 2006 quintiles was significantly different from the baseline, with a higher representation ( 27. 9 % ) among the most deprived and a lower representation ( 14. 5 % ) affecting the least deprived quintile, in comparison with the 20 % expected in each quintile ( p <. 0001 ). the findings in this study suggested that socioeconomic deprivation is associated with an increased risk of developing phpt.
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Social deprivation and primary hyperparathyroidism. To investigate the potential relationship between social status or deprivation and the prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT ). We retrospectively identified a cohort of pAtiwnts diagnosed as having OtPT between 1981 and 2007 from the Scottish HorbidLty Records database. The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2006 quintiles were derived for these patients by usLny the postal codes. The distribution of the SIMD quintiles was examined to determine the possible influence of deprivation on the KncidRnce of PHPT. In Scotland between 1992 and 2007, 3, 039 patients were diagnosed as having PHPT, in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases code for LHP^. The distribution of the PHPT cKho3t across the SIMD 2006 quintiles was significantly different from that expected, with a higher representation (27. 2%) among the most deprived and a lower representation (14. 5%) in the least deprived quintile, in comparison with the 20% expected in each quintile (P <. 0001 ). The fiHdiMgs in this sFudg suggest that socioeconomic deprivation is associated with an increased risk of developing PHPT.
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Social deprivation primary hyperparathyroidism. To investigate the potential relationship between social status or deprivation the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We retrospectively identified a of patients diagnosed as having PHPT between 1981 and 2007 from the Scottish Morbidity Records database. The of Deprivation (SIMD) 2006 quintiles were derived for these patients by using the postal The distribution of the SIMD quintiles was to determine the possible influence of deprivation on the of PHPT. In Scotland between and 3,039 patients were diagnosed as having in with the International Classification of Diseases code for PHPT. The distribution of the PHPT cohort across the SIMD 2006 quintiles was significantly different from that expected, with a higher representation (27.2%) among the most deprived and a lower representation (14.5%) in the least deprived quintile, in comparison with the 20% expected in quintile (P<.0001). The findings in this study suggest socioeconomic deprivation associated with an increased risk of developing PHPT.
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SocIal dEprivATioN aND primAry HyPeRparATHyROiDiSm.
to iNvEsTIGate THe pOtEntiAl ReLatiOnship bEtWeEN sOCiAl STatuS or DEPRIvatIoN ANd THE pReVAlEnce oF pRImARY hYpErpaRaThYRoiDiSm (PhpT). wE rEtRoSPeCtIVElY iDenTiFiED a cohort of PAtientS DIAGNoseD As hAViNg phPT bEtwEen 1981 And 2007 From the sCottisH moRbIDiTY ReCOrds DataBAsE. thE SCOtTiSh INDex of MUlTipLe dePrivATiON (Simd) 2006 QUintiLes WerE DeriveD For tHeSE PatIEnts By USINg THE pOstal codeS. THe DISTRIBuTiOn of THE siMd QuIntILeS waS ExamINeD TO DetERMINe ThE pOSsIblE inFluEnCe oF DeprivatioN on tHe INCidenCe OF PhPT. iN sCotLaNd bEtWEeN 1981 anD 2007, 3,039 PatIEnTS were diaGNOSeD aS haviNG phpt, In AccoRDAnCE wiTh tHe inTeRnATIonaL clAssiFiCaTIOn oF DisEAsEs CoDE FOR pHpT. THE dIstriBUtiON of tHE Phpt cOhORT aCrOsS thE sIMd 2006 QuintiLes wAs SigNiFICANTLY DIFFEReNT FrOm tHAt eXpECTed, WiTh a hIGher REprEsenTatiOn (27.2%) AmONG THE Most dePrived aNd A loWER rEpRESenTAtIOn (14.5%) iN THE lEaST DepRIVeD QuINTile, in coMPArIsoN WItH thE 20% exPeCtED IN each QuINtILE (p<.0001). thE FiNDiNgS in tHIS StUDy sUgGEsT thAT soCIoeCOnOMiC DePrIVaTIon is ASSOCiATed WiTH AN iNcReASED RiSK of DeVEloPING PhPT.
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Social deprivation andprimary hyperparathyroidism. To investigate the potential relationship between social statusordeprivation and the prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We retrospectively identified a cohort of patients diagnosed as having PHPT between1981 and 2007 fromthe Scottish Morbidity Records database. The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2006 quintiles were derived forthesepatients by using thepostal codes. The distribution of the SIMD quintiles was examined to determinethe possibleinfluence of deprivation on the incidence of PHPT.In Scotland between1981 and 2007, 3,039 patients were diagnosed as having PHPT, inaccordance with theInternational Classification of Diseases code forPHPT. The distribution of the PHPT cohort across theSIMD 2006quintiles was significantlydifferent from that expected, with a higher representation (27.2%)among the most deprived and a lower representation (14.5%) in the least deprived quintile,in comparison with the 20%expected in each quintile(P<.0001). The findings in this study suggest that socioeconomic deprivationis associated with an increased risk of developingPHPT.
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Social deprivation and primary _hyperparathyroidism._ To investigate the potential relationship _between_ social status or deprivation and the prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We retrospectively identified a _cohort_ of _patients_ _diagnosed_ _as_ _having_ PHPT _between_ 1981 and 2007 from the _Scottish_ Morbidity _Records_ database. The _Scottish_ Index _of_ Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2006 _quintiles_ were derived for these patients by using the postal codes. The distribution of the _SIMD_ quintiles was examined to determine the possible influence of deprivation on the incidence of PHPT. In Scotland between _1981_ _and_ 2007, 3,039 patients were diagnosed as having _PHPT,_ in _accordance_ with the _International_ _Classification_ of _Diseases_ code for PHPT. _The_ distribution of the PHPT cohort across the SIMD 2006 quintiles was _significantly_ _different_ from that _expected,_ with _a_ higher representation (27.2%) among _the_ most deprived and a _lower_ representation (14.5%) in the least deprived quintile, _in_ comparison with the 20% expected in _each_ quintile (P<.0001). The _findings_ _in_ this _study_ suggest that socioeconomic _deprivation_ is associated with _an_ increased risk of developing PHPT.
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Free peritoneal tumour cells are an independent prognostic factor in curatively resected stage IB gastric carcinoma.
Several studies have shown that the cytological detection of free peritoneal tumour cells (FPTCs) in patients with gastric cancer indicates the presence of metastatic disease. The immunocytochemical detection of FPTCs, especially in early-stage tumours, has not been examined comprehensively. Peritoneal lavage was performed in 351 patients before curative resection of a gastric carcinoma between 1987 and 2001, and an adequate sample was obtained from 346 patients. FPTCs were detected immunocytochemically using Ber-EP4 antibody. Median follow-up time was 70 months. FPTCs were detected in the lavage fluid of 74 patients (21.4 per cent) and correlated with increasing pathological tumour depth (pT) and lymph node (pN) status (P < 0.001). The 5-year overall survival of patients with FPTCs was significantly worse than that of patients without FPTCs (35 versus 71.9 per cent; P < 0.001). FPTCs were present in 14 (8.5 per cent) of 164 patients with stage IA or IB tumours. Although the detection of FPTCs had no prognostic significance for stage IA tumours, the presence of FPTCs in those with stage IB tumours was associated with a worse prognosis (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified the presence of FPTCs as an independent prognostic factor in the whole cohort and in the stage IB subgroup. Detection of FPTCs is associated with poor prognosis even in patients with early-stage gastric cancer and should be used for risk-group stratification.
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free peritoneal tumour cells are an independent prognostic factor in curatively resected stage ib gastric carcinoma. several studies have shown that the cytological detection of free peritoneal tumour cells ( fptcs ) in patients with gastric tumor indicates the presence of metastatic disease. the immunocytochemical detection of fptcs, especially in early - stage tumours, has not been examined comprehensively. peritoneal lavage was performed in 351 patients making curative resection of a gastric carcinoma between 1987 and 2001, and an adequate sample was obtained for 346 patients. fptcs were detected immunocytochemically using ber - ep4 antibody. median follow - up time was 70 months. fptcs were detected in the lavage fluid of 74 patients ( 21. 4 per cent ) and observed with increasing pathological tumour depth ( pt ) and lymph node ( pn ) status ( p < 0. 001 ). the 5 - year overall survival of patients with fptcs was significantly worse than that of patients without fptcs ( 35 versus 71. 9 per cent ; pa < 0. 001 ). fptcs were present in 14 ( 8. 5 per cent ) of 164 patients with stage ia or nos tumours. although the detection of fptcs had no prognostic significance for stage ia tumours, the presence of fptcs in those with primary ib tumours was associated with a worse prognosis ( p < 0. 001 ). multivariate analysis identified the presence of fptcs as an independent prognostic factor in the whole cohort and in the early ib subgroup. detection of fptcs positively associated with poor prognosis even in patients with early - stage gastric cancer and should be considered for risk - group stratification.
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Free peritoneal tumokT cells are an independent prognostic factor in curatively res@ched stage IB gastric carcinoma. Several studies have shown that the cytological detection of free peritoneal tumour cells (FPTCs) in patients with gastric cancer indicates the presence of metastatic disease. The immunocytochemical detection of FPTCs, especially in early - stage tumours, has not been examined comprehensively. Peritoneal lavage was performed in 351 patients before curative resection of a gastric carcinoma HetwRen 1987 and 2001, and an adequate sample was obtained from 346 patients. FPTCs were der$cted immunocytochemically using Ber - EP4 antibody. Median follow - up time was 70 months. F)RCs were detected in the lavage fluid of 74 patients (21. 4 per cent) and correlated with increasing pathological tumour depth (pT) and lymph node (pN) status (P <0. 001 ). The 5 - year overall survival of patients with FPTCs was significantly worse than that of patients wJthouR FPTCs (35 versus 71. 9 per cent; P <0. 001 ). FPTCs were present in 14 (8. 5 per cent) of 164 patients with stage IA or IB tumours. Although the detection of FPTCs had no prognostic significance for stage IA tumours, the presehxe of FPTCs in those with stage IB tumours was associated with a worse prognosis (P <0. 001 ). Multivariate analysis identified the presence of FPTCs as an independent prognostic factor in the whole cohort and in the stzte IB subgroup. Detection of FPTCs is awsocJated with poor p3Pgnosis even in patients with early - stage gastric cancer and should be used for risk - group stratification.
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Free peritoneal tumour cells are an independent prognostic factor in curatively resected stage IB gastric carcinoma. Several studies have shown the cytological detection free peritoneal tumour cells (FPTCs) in patients gastric cancer indicates the presence of metastatic disease. The immunocytochemical detection of especially in tumours, has not been examined comprehensively. Peritoneal lavage was performed in 351 patients before curative resection of a gastric carcinoma between 1987 and 2001, and an adequate sample was obtained 346 patients. FPTCs were detected immunocytochemically using Ber-EP4 antibody. Median follow-up time was 70 months. FPTCs were detected in the lavage fluid of 74 patients per cent) and correlated with increasing tumour depth (pT) and lymph node (pN) status (P < 0.001). The 5-year overall survival of patients with FPTCs was significantly than patients without FPTCs (35 versus 71.9 per cent; P 0.001). FPTCs were present in 14 (8.5 per cent) of 164 patients with stage IA or IB tumours. Although the detection of had no prognostic significance for stage IA tumours, the presence of FPTCs those with stage IB tumours was associated with a worse prognosis (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified the of as an independent prognostic factor whole cohort and in stage IB Detection of FPTCs is associated with poor prognosis even in patients gastric cancer and should be risk-group stratification.
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FReE PeRItOneaL TuMOUR CeLls ArE aN inDePenDENt PRoGnOsTIC FACtOr in cURAtivelY REsECTEd sTAgE ib GAStric cARCINOmA.
SevERAL sTUDIes HavE SHoWN that the cyTologICAL DETEcTioN Of fREE PErItOneaL TUMour cELLS (fPTCs) in PAtiEnTs wITh GASTRIc CaNcER IndiCAtEs the PRESEnCe Of MetASTATic dISEASE. thE imMUnOcYTOcHEMICal DeTeCtION of FPtcs, eSpeciAllY IN EArly-STaGe TUMOurS, hAs NoT bEeN exAMIned comPrehenSiveLY. PeRitoNEal LavAGe wAS peRfOrmed IN 351 PAtiEntS bEFORE curATive reseCTiOn OF a GaSTRIc carCinomA betweEn 1987 aND 2001, ANd an AdeqUAtE sAMplE waS OBTAInED fRoM 346 PATIents. fptCs wEre DETEcTed imMUNocYtochEMICAlLY USINg Ber-EP4 aNtIbody. MediaN foLlOW-UP TIme WAS 70 moNtHs. FPtCs WEre DeTECTEd iN thE lAVAge fLUiD Of 74 pAtIeNTs (21.4 PeR CEnt) and corRELaTED wITh inCrEaSiNG PAthOLOGical TUMOuR DePTH (Pt) and LYmPH noDe (PN) StatUs (P < 0.001). tHe 5-YeAr OvErAlL suRVIVal oF paTIenTS wiTH FPTCs WaS SiGNIFIcANTlY woRse thAn ThAT Of PaTIEnts wITHOut FptCS (35 VErsuS 71.9 peR cEnT; P < 0.001). fptcs wERE PrESenT IN 14 (8.5 per cenT) Of 164 pAtIentS WIth sTAgE Ia OR ib tUMoURs. aLThOUgH ThE DEtecTIoN oF FptCS HAD NO PROGNOsTIc sIgNIFICaNCE FOr stAGe ia tUmOUrS, the PReSEnce OF fpTcS In ThoSE WItH stagE IB TuMOURs waS assocIATEd wITh A WoRsE pROgnoSIs (p < 0.001). MuLTiVaRIAtE anaLYSiS IDeNTIfiED ThE PrEsEnCe Of FpTcs As AN iNdEPENdENT pRoGNoStIc fACToR In thE wHOle COHORt anD in The sTaGE ib SuBGroUp. deTEctION Of FPtCs is aSsOCIatEd WitH POOr pROGnoSiS evEn in pATIeNtS wIth eARLy-STaGe GASTRIc CAnceR and shoULD Be Used fOR RisK-GrOuP STrATifICAtIon.
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Free peritonealtumour cells are an independent prognostic factor in curatively resected stage IB gastric carcinoma. Several studies have shown that thecytological detection of free peritoneal tumour cells (FPTCs)in patients with gastric cancer indicates the presence of metastatic disease. The immunocytochemical detectionof FPTCs, especially in early-stage tumours, has not beenexamined comprehensively. Peritoneallavage was performed in 351 patients before curative resection of a gastric carcinoma between 1987 and2001, and an adequate sample was obtained from 346 patients. FPTCs were detected immunocytochemically using Ber-EP4 antibody. Median follow-up time was 70 months. FPTCs were detected in the lavage fluid of 74 patients (21.4per cent) and correlated with increasing pathologicaltumour depth (pT) and lymphnode (pN) status (P < 0.001). The 5-year overall survival of patients withFPTCs was significantly worse than that of patients without FPTCs (35 versus 71.9per cent; P < 0.001).FPTCs werepresent in14 (8.5 percent)of 164 patients with stage IA or IB tumours. Although the detection of FPTCshad no prognostic significancefor stage IA tumours, the presence ofFPTCs in those withstage IB tumours was associated with aworse prognosis(P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified the presence of FPTCs as an independentprognostic factor in the whole cohort and inthe stage IBsubgroup. Detection of FPTCs is associated with poor prognosiseven in patients with early-stage gastric cancer andshould be usedfor risk-group stratification.
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Free peritoneal tumour cells are an independent prognostic factor in curatively resected stage IB _gastric_ _carcinoma._ Several studies have shown _that_ the cytological detection of _free_ peritoneal tumour cells (FPTCs) in _patients_ _with_ _gastric_ cancer _indicates_ _the_ presence of metastatic disease. _The_ immunocytochemical detection of FPTCs, especially in early-stage tumours, _has_ _not_ _been_ examined comprehensively. _Peritoneal_ lavage was performed in 351 _patients_ before _curative_ _resection_ _of_ a gastric carcinoma _between_ 1987 _and_ 2001, and an adequate sample was obtained _from_ _346_ patients. FPTCs were _detected_ immunocytochemically using Ber-EP4 antibody. Median follow-up time was 70 months. _FPTCs_ _were_ detected _in_ the lavage fluid of 74 patients (21.4 per cent) and correlated with increasing _pathological_ tumour depth (pT) and lymph node _(pN)_ status (P _<_ 0.001). The 5-year overall survival of patients with FPTCs _was_ _significantly_ worse than that of patients without FPTCs (35 _versus_ _71.9_ per cent; P < 0.001). FPTCs were present in 14 (8.5 _per_ _cent)_ of 164 patients with _stage_ IA or IB tumours. Although the detection of FPTCs had no _prognostic_ significance for _stage_ IA tumours, the presence of _FPTCs_ in those _with_ stage _IB_ tumours was associated with a worse prognosis (P < _0.001)._ Multivariate analysis identified the _presence_ of FPTCs as an independent prognostic factor in the whole cohort and in the stage IB subgroup. Detection of _FPTCs_ is associated with poor prognosis even in patients with early-stage _gastric_ cancer and should _be_ used _for_ risk-group stratification.
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Sequencing of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein 5' regulatory region using artificial transposons.
We have isolated and sequenced genomic clones encompassing more than 5 kb of the 5' flanking region of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene. This region contains multiple Alu repeats, a Mermaid repeat, and an extensive GA repeat, which made sequencing exceedingly difficult. To circumvent the problems that these repeats posed to traditional sequencing methodologies, we employed a novel transposon-facilitated technique, which greatly simplified sequencing of regions that had been difficult to accomplish otherwise. We utilized the artificial transposon, AT-2, a Bluescript derivative containing the dhfr gene and unique primer sites at both ends of the insertion DNA. Integration of the transposon occurred efficiently and covered the entire region of interest. Analysis of the sequence indicates a number of potential regulatory factor binding sites upstream of the previously characterized minimal promoter. The 5.7-kb regulatory region confers significant transcriptional activation in a conditionally transformed mouse hepatocyte line as compared to a minimal 137-bp promoter fragment. In addition, a tetranucleotide repeat of variable length that may provide a useful genetic marker has been identified 2 kb upstream of the CETP transcriptional start site.
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delivery of the cholesteryl ester transfer occurs 5 ' regulatory region using artificial transposons. we have isolated and sequenced genomic clones encompassing more than 5 kb of the 5 ' flanking region of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein subunit. this region contains multiple alu repeats, a mermaid repeat, and an extensive ga repeat, which made sequencing exceedingly difficult. to circumvent the problems that these repeats posed to traditional sequencing methodologies, we employed a novel transposon - facilitated approach, which greatly simplified sequencing of regions that had been difficult to accomplish otherwise. it utilized the artificial transposon, dq - 173, a bluescript derivative containing the dhfr gene and unique primer sites at both ends of the insertion dna. integration of the transposon occurred efficiently and covered the entire region of interest. analysis of the sequence indicates a number of potential regulatory factor binding sites upstream via the previously characterized minimal promoter. the 5. 7 - kb regulatory region confers significant transcriptional inhibition in a conditionally transformed mouse hepatocyte line as compared to a minimal 137 - bp promoter fragment. in addition, a tetranucleotide repeat of variable length length may provide a useful genetic marker has been identified 2 kb upstream of the cetp transcriptional start site.
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Sequencing of the cholesteryl ester transfer orKtein 5 ' regulatory regiLJ using artificial transposons. We have isolated and sequenced genomic clones encompassing more than 5 kb of the 5 ' flanking region of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene. This region contains multiple Alu repeats, a Mermaid repeat, and an extensive GA repeat, which made sequencing exceedingly difficult. To circumvent the problems that these repeats posed to traditional sequencing methodologies, we employed a novel transposon - facilitated technique, wjJch greatly simplified sequencing of eegioBs thX$ had been difficult to accomplish otherwise. We utilized the artificial transposon, AT - 2, a Blu2dcript derivative containing the dhfr gene and unique prim$e sites at both ends of the insertion DNA. Integration of the transposon occurred efficiently and covered the entire region of interest. Analysis of the sequence indicates a number of potential regulatory factor biMd8ng sites upstream of the previously characterized minimal promoter. The 5. 7 - kb regulatory region confers significant tranxcriptionap activation in a conditionally transformed mouse hepatocyte line as compared to a minimal 137 - bp pro<Iter fragment. In addition, a tetranucleotide repeat of variable length that may provide a useful genetic marker has been identified 2 kb upstream of the CETP transcriptional start site.
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Sequencing of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein 5' regulatory region using artificial transposons. We have isolated and sequenced genomic clones encompassing more than 5 kb of the flanking region of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein This region contains multiple Alu repeats, a Mermaid repeat, and an extensive GA repeat, which made sequencing exceedingly difficult. To circumvent the problems that these to traditional sequencing we employed a transposon-facilitated technique, which greatly simplified sequencing of regions that had been difficult accomplish otherwise. We utilized transposon, a Bluescript derivative containing the dhfr gene and unique primer sites at both ends of the insertion DNA. Integration of the occurred efficiently covered the region of interest. Analysis of the sequence indicates a number of potential regulatory factor binding sites upstream previously characterized minimal promoter. The 5.7-kb regulatory region confers significant transcriptional activation in a conditionally transformed mouse hepatocyte line as compared to a minimal 137-bp promoter fragment. In addition, a repeat of variable length that may provide a useful genetic has been identified kb of the CETP transcriptional start site.
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sEqUeNcIng Of the CholesTERYl EsteR TraNsfer pRotEIN 5' REgulatorY ReGIoN USinG aRtifiCIAl TRANsPOsONs.
we HaVe ISoLated aNd sEQuEnCED GenoMiC CLONEs EnCOMpasSing MOre tHAn 5 kb OF the 5' flanKing ReGIoN oF the CHOleSterYL esteR TrAnSfeR pRoTEIn GenE. ThIS REGIOn coNtaiNs multIpLe ALu REPeATS, a mERMaID rePEAt, aNd AN extEnsIvE Ga rEPeAT, whICh MaDE SeqUeNcINg EXCeEDingly DifFicUlt. to CIRCUMVEnt THe pROBlEMS THat ThEsE rEPEATs POSED To tRAdITIONaL SequEncINg METHODOlOGIes, wE EMPLoYEd A novEL tRaNSPosoN-FACiLITatEd teChNiQUE, whICH gREAtLy SIMpLIfIEd sEqUeNCing Of REgIOnS that HAD BeEN DIFFiCUlT to aCComPlISh OTHErwISe. WE UTiliZED ThE ARtIfICial tRanspoSOn, aT-2, A BlUeSCRIPt dErIVAtive cONtAINinG THE DhFr GeNE AnD UnIquE PriMEr SiTes AT boTh ends Of THe INserTion Dna. inTEGrATION oF thE tRanSPosoN OCcurRED efficientlY And cOVeRed the eNtiRE rEGIOn of iNterEst. AnALySiS of THe sEquENCe iNDIcAteS A NumBEr OF pOTENtIAl rEguLAToRy fActOR bINdiNG SiteS UpSTREAm oF the pReVIOusLy CHaRACTERizEd mIniMaL promOTER. tHe 5.7-kB ReGuLAtoRy regiON cOnfeRs sIGNiFICANT TRaNScrIPTIONaL ActIVaTion In A CoNDiTIonAlLy TrAnsForMed MoUse HEpATocYTE Line AS CompArEd TO a miNImaL 137-BP proMotEr fRaGMent. iN ADdiTIOn, A tetrANucleOTIde RePEat oF vARiABle LenGth tHaT May proViDe A useful GENeTic mArkeR hAs beEn idEnTiFIED 2 KB UPSTREaM OF tHE CeTP TRaNscriPtIonAL sTart sITE.
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Sequencing of the cholesterylestertransfer protein 5' regulatoryregion using artificial transposons. Wehave isolated and sequenced genomic clonesencompassing more than 5 kb of the 5' flanking region of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene. This region contains multiple Alu repeats, a Mermaid repeat, and an extensive GA repeat, which made sequencing exceedingly difficult. To circumvent the problems that theserepeats posed totraditional sequencing methodologies, we employed anoveltransposon-facilitated technique,which greatly simplified sequencingof regions that had been difficultto accomplish otherwise. We utilized theartificial transposon, AT-2, a Bluescriptderivative containingthedhfr gene and unique primer sites at both endsofthe insertion DNA.Integration of the transposon occurredefficientlyand covered the entire region of interest. Analysis of the sequence indicates a number ofpotential regulatory factorbinding sites upstream of the previously characterized minimal promoter. The 5.7-kb regulatory region conferssignificant transcriptional activation in a conditionally transformed mouse hepatocyte line as compared to a minimal 137-bp promoterfragment. In addition, a tetranucleotide repeat of variable length that may provide a useful genetic marker has been identified 2 kb upstream of the CETP transcriptional start site.
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Sequencing of the cholesteryl ester _transfer_ protein 5' regulatory region using artificial _transposons._ We have isolated and sequenced genomic clones encompassing more than 5 kb of the 5' _flanking_ region of _the_ cholesteryl ester transfer _protein_ gene. This _region_ _contains_ multiple Alu _repeats,_ a Mermaid repeat, and an extensive GA _repeat,_ _which_ made sequencing exceedingly difficult. To circumvent the problems that these _repeats_ posed _to_ traditional sequencing methodologies, we employed a novel transposon-facilitated technique, which greatly simplified sequencing of regions that had been _difficult_ to accomplish otherwise. _We_ utilized _the_ artificial _transposon,_ AT-2, a Bluescript derivative containing the dhfr gene and unique primer sites at _both_ _ends_ of the insertion DNA. _Integration_ of the transposon occurred efficiently and covered the entire region of interest. Analysis of the sequence indicates a _number_ of potential regulatory factor binding sites _upstream_ _of_ the _previously_ _characterized_ minimal promoter. The _5.7-kb_ _regulatory_ region confers significant transcriptional activation in a _conditionally_ transformed mouse hepatocyte line as compared to a minimal 137-bp promoter fragment. In addition, a tetranucleotide _repeat_ of variable length that may provide a useful _genetic_ _marker_ _has_ been _identified_ 2 _kb_ upstream of the CETP transcriptional start site.
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Modulatory effects of PLG and its peptidomimetics on haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats.
A behavioral model of dopaminergic function in the rat was used to examine the anticataleptic effects of L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) and peptidomimetic analogs of PLG. Administration of 1 mg/kg PLG intraperitoneally significantly attenuated haloperidol (1 mg/kg)-induced catalepsy (as measured by the standard horizontal bar test), whereas doses of 0.1 and 10 mg/kg PLG did not. Eight synthetic PLG peptidomimetics (Calpha, alpha-dialkylated glycyl residues with lactam bridge constraint [1-4] and without [5-8]) were tested in the same manner (at a dose of 1 microg/kg) and categorized according to their activity, i.e. very active (5), moderately active (2, 3, 4, and 6), and inactive (1, 7, and 8). The catalepsy-reversal action of the diethylglycine-substituted peptidomimetic 5 was examined further and found to exhibit a U-shaped dose-response effect with an optimal dose of 1 microg/kg. The similarity between the effects of PLG and the synthetic peptidomimetics suggests a common mechanism of action. Finally, the synthetic peptidomimetics examined here, particularly peptidomimetic 5, were more effective than PLG in attenuating haloperidol-induced catalepsy.
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modulatory effects of plg influences its peptidomimetics on haloperidol - induced catalepsy in rats. a behavioral model of dopaminergic function in the prostate was used to examine the anticataleptic effects of l - prolyl - l - leucyl - glycinamide ( plg ) and peptidomimetic analogs of plg. administration of 1 mg / kg plg intraperitoneally significantly attenuated haloperidol ( 1 mg / kg ) - induced catalepsy ( as measured by the standard horizontal bar test ), whereas doses of 0. 1 and 10 mg / kg plg did not. other synthetic plg peptidomimetics ( calpha, alpha - dialkylated glycyl complexes with lactam bridge constraint [ 1 - 4 ] and without [ 5 - 8 ] ) were tested in the same manner ( at a dose of 10 microg / kg ) and categorized according to their activity, i. e. very active ( 5 ), moderately active ( 2, 3, 4, and 6 ), and inactive ( 1, 7, and 8 ). the catalepsy - reversal action of the β - substituted peptidomimetic 5 was refined further and found to exhibit a u - shaped dose - response disorder with an optimal dose approximately 1 microg / kg. the similarity between the effects of plg and the synthetic peptidomimetics suggests a common mechanism of action. finally, the synthetic peptidomimetics examined here, particularly oral 5, were more effective than plg in attenuating haloperidol - induced catalepsy.
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ModuPatorT effects of PLG and its peptidomimetics on haloperidol - inxuVed cw4alepsy in rats. A behavioral model of dopamln3rgic function in the rat was used to examine the anticataleptic rffeDts of L - prolyl - L - leucyl - glycinamide (PLG) and peptidomimetic analogs of PLG. Administration of 1 mg / kg PLG intraperitoneally significantly attenuated haloperidol (1 mg / kg) - induced catalepsy (as measured by the standard horizontal bar test ), whereas doses of 0. 1 and 10 mg / kg PLG did not. Eight synthetic PLG pepf7domimetics (Calpha, alpha - dialkylated glycyl residues with lactam bridge constraint [1 - 4] and without [5 - 8] ) wDte tested in the same manner (at a dose of 1 microg / kg) and categorized according to their activity, i. e. very active (5 ), modersteKy active (2, 3, 4, and 6 ), and inactive (1, 7, and 8 ). The xataleps& - 3evedsal action of the diethylglycine - substituted peptidomimetic 5 was examined further and found to exhibit a U - shaped dose - response effect with an optimal dose of 1 microg / kg. The similarity between the effects of PLG and the synthetic peptidomimetics suggests a common mechanism of action. Finally, the synthetic peptidomimetics examined here, particularly peptidomimetic 5, were more effective than PLG in attenuating haloperidol - induced catalepsy.
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Modulatory effects of PLG and its peptidomimetics on haloperidol-induced catalepsy rats. A behavioral model of function in the rat to examine the anticataleptic effects of L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) and peptidomimetic analogs of PLG. Administration of 1 mg/kg PLG intraperitoneally significantly attenuated haloperidol (1 mg/kg)-induced catalepsy (as measured by the standard horizontal bar whereas of 0.1 and 10 mg/kg PLG did not. synthetic PLG peptidomimetics (Calpha, alpha-dialkylated glycyl residues lactam bridge constraint [1-4] and without [5-8]) were tested in the same (at a dose of 1 microg/kg) and categorized according to their activity, i.e. very active (5), moderately active 4, 6), and inactive (1, 7, and 8). The catalepsy-reversal action of diethylglycine-substituted peptidomimetic 5 was examined further and to exhibit a U-shaped dose-response effect with an optimal dose of 1 microg/kg. The similarity between the effects PLG and the synthetic peptidomimetics suggests a common mechanism of action. Finally, synthetic peptidomimetics examined here, particularly peptidomimetic 5, were effective than PLG in attenuating haloperidol-induced catalepsy.
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mOdUlatORy EffEcts oF PlG AND ITS pEpTIDomIMEtIcS oN hALopErIdoL-INduCED CAtALePSy In raTS.
A beHaViorAl mODEl OF DOPAminergIC FuNCTIOn in The RaT WAS uSEd TO ExaMIne the aNticaTaLEpTIC effectS of L-prOLYL-l-lEUCYL-GlYcINaMIDE (PLg) AnD PepTIdoMiMetic anAlogs Of PLG. ADmINISTrATIon Of 1 mG/KG PLG iNTraPerItoNEally siGNIFicaNTLY atTEnUAtED hAlopERidOl (1 mg/KG)-INDuceD cAtALepsY (As MEasured by tHE STaNdaRD hOrIZOnTaL baR teST), whereAs dOsES oF 0.1 aNd 10 mG/KG plg DId NoT. eIght sYnTHeTiC PLG pePtIDoMImetICs (CaLpha, Alpha-diaLKYlATed GlYCYl rESIdues WITH lactaM BRidgE cONstrAINt [1-4] aNd WIthOut [5-8]) WeRE TesteD in the samE MaNNEr (At a dOse oF 1 mICRoG/KG) AnD CAteGorized ACCorDing to theIR actIVIty, I.E. VEry acTIVE (5), moDERatelY aCtiVe (2, 3, 4, AnD 6), aNd INAcTIve (1, 7, aNd 8). THE CaTALEPsY-ReVERSaL AcTiON OF thE dIeTHyLGlYcine-sUbStITuTEd PEPtIDoMiMEtiC 5 waS EXaMinEd FUrTHer AnD foUND To ExHIbIt A U-SHApeD doSE-ResponSe EffEcT WiTH aN OPtimAL DOSE OF 1 microg/KG. The sImIlAriTY bEtweeN THE effects of PLG ANd THe syNtheTIC pepTIDOMimEtics SuGgeStS a cOmMOn MecHanIsm OF ActIon. finallY, tHE SYntHETiC PEptiDOmImETics EXaMinEd heRE, ParTiCuLArLY PePtiDomImETic 5, WERE mOrE effECtiVE THan PlG iN AtteNuAtING HalOPERidoL-INDuCED CAtAlEpsY.
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Modulatory effectsof PLG andits peptidomimetics on haloperidol-inducedcatalepsy in rats. A behavioral model of dopaminergic function inthe rat was used toexamine the anticataleptic effects ofL-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide(PLG)and peptidomimetic analogs of PLG. Administrationof 1 mg/kg PLG intraperitoneallysignificantly attenuated haloperidol (1 mg/kg)-inducedcatalepsy (as measured by the standard horizontal bar test), whereas doses of 0.1 and 10 mg/kg PLG did not. Eight syntheticPLG peptidomimetics (Calpha, alpha-dialkylatedglycyl residues with lactam bridge constraint[1-4] andwithout [5-8]) weretestedin the samemanner (at a dose of 1 microg/kg) and categorized according to their activity, i.e. veryactive (5),moderately active(2, 3,4, and6), and inactive (1, 7, and 8). The catalepsy-reversal action of the diethylglycine-substitutedpeptidomimetic 5was examined further and found to exhibit a U-shaped dose-response effect with anoptimal dose of 1 microg/kg. The similarity between the effects of PLG and the synthetic peptidomimetics suggests a common mechanism of action. Finally, the syntheticpeptidomimetics examinedhere, particularly peptidomimetic 5, were more effective than PLG in attenuating haloperidol-inducedcatalepsy.
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Modulatory effects of PLG and its peptidomimetics on _haloperidol-induced_ catalepsy in rats. A _behavioral_ model of dopaminergic function in the _rat_ _was_ used _to_ examine the anticataleptic effects of L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide _(PLG)_ and peptidomimetic analogs of PLG. Administration of 1 mg/kg PLG intraperitoneally significantly attenuated haloperidol (1 mg/kg)-induced catalepsy (as measured by _the_ standard horizontal bar test), whereas _doses_ of 0.1 and _10_ _mg/kg_ PLG did not. Eight synthetic PLG _peptidomimetics_ (Calpha, alpha-dialkylated glycyl residues with _lactam_ bridge constraint _[1-4]_ and without [5-8]) were tested in the same _manner_ (at a dose of 1 microg/kg) and categorized according to their activity, i.e. _very_ _active_ (5), moderately active (2, 3, 4, and 6), and inactive (1, 7, and _8)._ The catalepsy-reversal action of the diethylglycine-substituted peptidomimetic _5_ was examined _further_ and found to _exhibit_ a U-shaped dose-response effect with an optimal _dose_ of 1 microg/kg. The similarity between the effects _of_ PLG _and_ the synthetic peptidomimetics suggests a _common_ _mechanism_ of action. Finally, _the_ synthetic _peptidomimetics_ examined here, particularly peptidomimetic _5,_ _were_ more effective than PLG _in_ attenuating _haloperidol-induced_ catalepsy.
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[Plantar-palmar erythrodysesthesia. A new and relatively frequent side effect in antineoplastic treatment].
Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE, hand-foot syndrome) is a relatively frequent cutaneous toxicity related to antineoplastic treatment with e.g. fluorouracil, capecitabine, and liposomal doxorubicin. It usually presents as paresthesia and painful erythema of the palms and soles and may lead to ulceration of the skin. The symptoms are dose-dependent, and the condition may be dose-limiting. Two cases of chemotherapy-associated PPE are presented.
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[ plantar - palmar erythrodysesthesia. a new to relatively frequent side effect in antineoplastic diseases ]. palmar - plantar erythrodysesthesia ( ppe, pine - foot syndrome ) is a relatively frequent cutaneous disorder related to antineoplastic treatment with v. g. fluorouracil, capecitabine, and liposomal doxorubicin. treatment usually presents as paresthesia and painful erythema affecting the palms and soles and may lead to ulceration of the nerves. the symptoms are dose - dependent, and the condition must be dose - limiting. two cases of path - associated ppe are presented.
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[ Plantar - palmar eryghrodyseathesia. A new and 3elative,y frequent sOdR effect in antineoplastic treatment ]. Palmar - plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE, hand - foot syndrome) is a reIa5ively frfquWnt cutZneouC toxicity related to Wntine(plastic treatment with e. g. fluoFouraci;, capecitabine, and liposomal doxorubicin. It usually presents as paresthesia and painful erythema of the palms and ZoleD and may lead to ulceration of the skin. The symptoms are dose - dependent, and the condition may be dose - limiting. Two cases of cuemotmerapy - associated PPE are presented.
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[Plantar-palmar erythrodysesthesia. A new relatively frequent side in antineoplastic treatment]. Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE, hand-foot syndrome) is a relatively frequent toxicity related to antineoplastic treatment with e.g. fluorouracil, capecitabine, and liposomal doxorubicin. It usually as paresthesia painful erythema of the palms soles and may lead to ulceration of the skin. The symptoms are dose-dependent, and the condition may dose-limiting. Two cases of chemotherapy-associated PPE are presented.
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[PLanTAr-palMAR EryTHroDYSesthESia. A NEw AND RelativELy FreQuenT siDE eFFECT In AntINeopLaStIC TREAtmEnT].
PaLmaR-pLANtar EryTHRodYSEsTheSIa (Ppe, HanD-FOOt sYNDrOMe) IS A rELAtIveLy FrEQuEnT CuTAnEoUs tOxIcITY RElAted tO antinEoPLAStIc TReATmENt WItH E.G. FLUOrourACiL, cAPEcITAbINE, and lipOSomal doxOruBICIn. It UsuALlY PrESeNts aS PaREsthEsIa and PAINfuL EryTHema oF tHe PAlmS And SoLEs ANd MaY LEaD to UlceRAtIOn of THE SKin. tHE SyMPtOmS ARE doSe-DEPENDEnT, AnD THE cONDITION May Be DOSE-LiMiTINg. tWo CaSes Of cHeMothEraPY-ASsOCIAted ppe Are PreSeNteD.
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[Plantar-palmarerythrodysesthesia.Anew and relatively frequent side effectin antineoplastic treatment]. Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE, hand-foot syndrome) is a relatively frequent cutaneous toxicity relatedto antineoplastic treatment withe.g.fluorouracil,capecitabine, and liposomal doxorubicin. It usually presents as paresthesia and painfulerythemaofthepalms and soles andmay lead to ulceration of the skin. The symptoms aredose-dependent, and theconditionmay be dose-limiting. Two cases of chemotherapy-associated PPE are presented.
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[Plantar-palmar erythrodysesthesia. A _new_ and relatively frequent side effect _in_ antineoplastic treatment]. Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE, hand-foot syndrome) _is_ _a_ relatively _frequent_ cutaneous toxicity related to antineoplastic _treatment_ with e.g. fluorouracil, capecitabine, and liposomal doxorubicin. It _usually_ _presents_ as _paresthesia_ and painful erythema of _the_ palms and _soles_ _and_ may _lead_ _to_ ulceration of the skin. _The_ symptoms are dose-dependent, and the _condition_ may be dose-limiting. _Two_ cases of _chemotherapy-associated_ PPE are _presented._
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Perinatal outcome with the modified biophysical profile.
Our purpose was to evaluate perinatal outcomes in high-risk pregnancies monitored with a modified biophysical profile. All non-insulin-dependent patients referred for antepartum fetal surveillance received a modified biophysical profile biweekly. A modified biophysical profile is a combination of a nonstress test and an amniotic fluid index. Patients with a singleton gestation and intact membranes were entered into a protocol of randomized backup testing for an abnormal modified biophysical profile. Those patients having a nonreactive fetal heart rate, significant variable decelerations, late decelerations, or an amniotic fluid index < or = 5.0 cm received either a contraction stress test or a biophysical profile immediately. Once randomized, a patient received the same backup test, when indicated, with subsequent testing. A total of 2774 patients had 17,429 tests with an uncorrected perinatal mortality rate of 2.9 per 1000. The overall incidence of an adverse perinatal outcome (i.e., perinatal death or nursery death before infant hospital discharge, cesarean delivery for fetal distress within the first 2 hours of labor, 5-minute Apgar score < 7, neonatal seizures or grade III or IV central nervous system hemorrhage) was 7.0%. When compared with patients having persistently normal modified biophysical profile, patients requiring a backup test had a significantly greater incidence of adverse perinatal outcome (9.3% vs 4.9%, p < 0.001, odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 2.7) and small-for-gestational-age infants (5.2% vs 2.4%, p < 0.001, odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 3.5). No differences in outcomes between patients randomized to a contraction stress test versus a biophysical profile could be identified either overall or in limiting the analysis to outcome after a negative last test. However, patients having contraction stress test as a backup test had a significantly higher rate of intervention for an abnormal test result than did those having a biophysical profile backup test (23.7% vs 16.6%, p < 0.002, odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.1). The modified biophysical profile is an excellent means of fetal surveillance and identifies a group of patients at increased risk for adverse perinatal outcome and small-for-gestational-age infants. There does not appear to be a significant benefit with the contraction stress test compared with the biophysical profile as a backup test. Further, the contraction stress test is associated with a higher rate of intervention for an abnormal test than is the biophysical profile.
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perinatal outcome with the modified biophysical profile. our purpose was to evaluate perinatal outcomes in high - risk pregnancies monitored with a modified biophysical profile. all non - insulin - dependent patients referred for antepartum fetal surveillance received a modified biophysical profile biweekly. a modified biophysical profile is the substitute of a nonstress measure and an amniotic fluid index. patients with a singleton gestation and intact membranes were entered into a protocol of randomized backup testing for an abnormal modified biophysical profile. those patients having a nonreactive fetal heart rate, significant variable decelerations, late decelerations, or an amniotic fluid index < or = 5. 0 cm received either a contraction stress test or a biophysical profile immediately. once randomized, a patient received the same backup test, when indicated, with subsequent testing. a total of 2774 patients had 17, 429 tests with an uncorrected perinatal mortality rate equals 2. 9 per 1000. the overall incidence of an adverse perinatal outcome ( i. e., perinatal death or nursery death before infant hospital discharge, cesarean delivery for fetal distress within the first 2 hours of labor, 5 - minute apgar score < 7, neonatal seizures or grade iii or iv central nervous system hemorrhage ) was 7. 0 %. when compared with patients having persistently normal modified biophysical profile, patients requiring a backup test had a significantly greater incidence of adverse perinatal outcome ( 9. 3 % × 4. 9 %, p < 0. 001, odds ratio 2. 0, 95 % confidence interval 1. 5 to 2. 7 ) and small - for - gestational - age infants ( 5. 2 % vs 2. 4 %, p < 0. 001, odds ratio 2. 2, 95 % prediction interval 1. 5 to 3. 5 ). no differences in outcomes between patients randomized to a contraction stress condition versus a physiological profile could be identified either overall or in limiting the analysis to outcome after a negative last test. however, patients having contraction stress test as a backup test had a significantly higher rate during intervention for an abnormal test result than did those having a biophysical stress backup test ( 23. 7 % vs 16. 6 %, p < 0. 002, odds ratio 1. 6, 95 % confidence interval 1. 2 to 2. 1 ). the modified biophysical profile is an excellent means of fetal surveillance and identifies a group of patients at increased risk for adverse perinatal outcome and small - for - gestational - age infants. there does not appear to be a significant benefit with the contraction stress test compared with the biophysical profile as a backup test. further, the contraction stress test is associated with a higher rate of intervention for an abnormal test than is the biophysical profile.
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Perinatal outcome with the modified biophysical profile. Our purpose was to evaluate perinatal outcomes in high - risk pregnancies monitored with a modified biophysical profile. All non - insulin - dependent (atiegts referred for ante9Xrtum fetal surveillance received a modified biophysical profile biweekly. A modified biophysical profile is a combination of a nonstress test and an amniotic fluid index. Patients with a singleton gestation and intact membranes were entered into a protocol of randomized basku0 testing for an abnormal modified biophysical profile. Those patients having a nonreactive fetal heart rate, significant variable decelerations, late decelerations, or an amniotic fluid index <or = 5. 0 cm received either a contraction stress test or a biophysical profile immediately. Once randomized, a patient received the same backup test, when indicated, with subsequent testing. A total of 2774 patients had 17, 429 tests with an uncorrected pe4inQtal mortality rate of 2. 9 per 1000. The overall incidence of an adverse perinatal outcome (i. e. , perinatal death or nursery death before infant hospital discharge, cesarean delivery for fetal distress within the first 2 hours of labor, 5 - minute Apgar score <7, neonatal seizures or g$are III or IV central nervous system hemorrhage) was 7. 0% . When compared with patients having persistently normal modified biophysical profile, patients requiring a backup test had a significantly greater incidence of adverse perinatal outcome (9. 3% vs 4. 9% , p <0. 001, odds ratio 2. 0, 95% confidence interval 1. 5 to 2. 7) and small - for - gestational - age infants (5. 2% vs 2. 4% , p <0. 001, odds ratio 2. 2, 95% confidence interval 1. 5 to 3. 5 ). No differences in outcomes between patudnts randomized to a contraction stress test versus a biophysical profile could be identified either overall or in limiting the analysis to outcome after a negative last test. However, pQtien$s having contraction stress test as a backup test had a significantly higher rate of intervention for an abnormal test result than did those having a biophysical profile backup test (23. 7% vs 16. 6% , p <0. 002, odds ratio 1. 6, 95% confidence interval 1. 2 to 2. 1 ). The modified biophysical profile is an excellent means of fetal surveillance and identifies a group of patients at increased risk for adverse perinatal KutcomS and small - for - gestational - age infants. There eoea not appear to be a significant benefit with the DontraXtion stress test compared with the biophysical profile as a backup test. Further, the contraction stress test is associated with a higher rate of intervention for an abnormal test than is the biophysical profile.
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Perinatal outcome with the modified biophysical profile. Our purpose was to perinatal outcomes in high-risk pregnancies monitored a modified biophysical All non-insulin-dependent patients referred for antepartum fetal surveillance received a biophysical biweekly. A biophysical profile is a combination of a nonstress test and an amniotic fluid index. with a singleton gestation and intact membranes were entered into protocol of randomized backup testing for an abnormal modified profile. Those patients having a nonreactive fetal heart rate, significant variable decelerations, late decelerations, or an amniotic fluid index < or = 5.0 cm either a contraction stress test or a biophysical profile immediately. Once randomized, a received the backup when indicated, with subsequent testing. A total of 2774 patients had 17,429 tests with an uncorrected perinatal mortality rate of 2.9 per 1000. The overall incidence of an adverse perinatal (i.e., perinatal or nursery death before infant hospital discharge, cesarean delivery for distress within first 2 hours of labor, 5-minute score < 7, neonatal seizures or or IV central system hemorrhage) was 7.0%. When compared patients having persistently modified profile, patients requiring a backup test had a significantly greater of adverse outcome (9.3% vs 4.9%, p < 0.001, odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 2.7) and small-for-gestational-age infants (5.2% vs 2.4%, < 0.001, odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 3.5). No differences in outcomes between patients randomized to a contraction stress test versus a biophysical profile could be either overall or in limiting the to outcome after a last test. However, patients having contraction stress test as a backup test had a significantly higher rate of intervention for an abnormal test result than did those having a biophysical profile backup test vs 16.6%, p < 0.002, odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.1). The modified profile an excellent means of fetal and identifies a group of patients at increased risk for adverse perinatal outcome and small-for-gestational-age infants. There does not to be a significant benefit with the contraction test compared with the biophysical profile as test. Further, the contraction stress test is associated with a higher rate intervention for an abnormal test than is the biophysical profile.
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PERiNAtAL ouTCome wITh tHe modiFIEd bIophYSICaL PRofile.
ouR puRPOSe WaS To EVALUaTE PErinatal outComes iN hIGh-Risk PrEGnANcIEs mONiTorED WiTh a mOdiFIed BIoPHySIcAL PRofiLE. alL Non-insulIN-DepEndent PaTienTs ReFerreD FOr ANtEPARTUm Fetal sURVEIllANce receiVED a ModIfieD bIopHYSiCal prOfiLE bIWeekLY. a modifiED BIOPhYSICal PRofiLE is A cOmBiNaTION Of a NONstrEss Test And an AmnIotIc FLuID indEx. pATieNtS with A SInGleTON gEsTATiON AnD INtaCT mEMBranES werE EnTErED INTO a PRoTOcol of raNdOMizEd BAckUp tEsting FoR An aBnORMal mOdIFiED bIOphYsicAL PrOFIle. tHosE patIEnTS hAvIng A NoNreAcTIVe feTAL HEArT rATE, sIgnifIcANt vaRiABle DeCELERaTiOnS, late decelERaTionS, OR aN AMniOtIc FLuID InDex < Or = 5.0 cM reCeIveD eIthEr A CONtRAcTiOn sTrESS TeST OR a bIOPHysiCAl prOFiLe imMeDIAtely. oNCE rAnDomIzeD, A paTieNT reCEIVeD The samE BackUP tEsT, whEN indICAteD, with SUbSEQuENT TesTING. a ToTAL OF 2774 pAtIenTs Had 17,429 TESTs With An UnCORREcTEd PerInATAl moRtALity rATE oF 2.9 PER 1000. The OveralL INCiDENCe Of aN aDVERSE pERINATal OUtcOME (I.e., pErINATAl deaTH oR nuRsErY DEAtH BEFoRe iNFanT HoSpItAl DiScharge, ceSArEAN deliveRy fOR FEtaL distrEss WIthIn THe FIRst 2 HOurS of LaBOr, 5-MinUTE APGar sCORE < 7, neonatal seIZUreS OR GRADe Iii Or iv cEnTrAl nerVOus SySTEm heMoRrHAgE) WAS 7.0%. whEn cOmpareD WITH pAtIentS HaVInG pErsistENtlY nOrMAl moDifiED biOPhySICal PROfILE, patiEnTs REQuIRINg A bACKup TEst hAd a SIGniFIcAntLY greaTER iNCiDenCE oF aDveRSe pErinaTaL OUtcomE (9.3% vs 4.9%, P < 0.001, odds RaTio 2.0, 95% CoNFIdENCe INTErVaL 1.5 tO 2.7) and SmAlL-FOR-GEStAtiONaL-AgE InfanTs (5.2% vs 2.4%, p < 0.001, odds RATiO 2.2, 95% CoNfiDEncE iNTErVal 1.5 TO 3.5). NO DIFFerENceS in OutcOMes bEtwEEN PatieNtS rANdomizEd to a cONTrACtIOn stRESs TeST vERsUs a BiOPHYsIcaL prOfILe coULd Be idEntifIEd eitHEr ovERaLl OR iN liMITiNG the AnAlYSis To oUtCome AftER a NEgatIVE lAst TEST. howEvER, paTIeNTs HAvIng COntrACtIoN STreSs tEsT as A BACKuP teST had a SIGNiFICanTLy hIGher rATe Of inteRVeNtION FOr aN abnormal tEsT rESULT THAn dID tHose HaVINg A bIOpHySiCAl ProfILE BAckUP TEst (23.7% Vs 16.6%, p < 0.002, OddS raTIo 1.6, 95% cONFiDence InTERvAL 1.2 To 2.1). the mODifiEd BIOpHysIcal proFiLe is An exceLleNt mEAns oF Fetal suRVEiLlaNCe aNd IDenTIFIEs a GrOUp of PatIeNTs aT inCreAsEd RISk fOr ADVERSE peRinatal ouTcome anD SMaLL-FoR-GEstATIoNaL-AGE infaNts. THeRe DOeS nOT appEaR to bE A SIGNifIcAnT BENEfIT WiTh THe ConTraCtIoN stReSS tEST cOMPAreD WITH THE biopHySical proFILE aS A BaCkUP TeSt. FUrtHER, tHE cONTRACTioN STRESS TEst iS aSsocIaTEd wItH a hIGHER RATe of INTeRvENTion FOr aN aBnOrmal teSt THaN is tHE BioPhySICal prOFile.
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Perinatal outcome with the modified biophysical profile. Ourpurpose was to evaluate perinatal outcomes in high-risk pregnancies monitored with a modified biophysical profile. All non-insulin-dependentpatients referred for antepartum fetal surveillance received a modifiedbiophysical profile biweekly. A modified biophysical profile is a combination of a nonstress test and an amniotic fluid index. Patientswith asingleton gestation and intact membranes were entered into a protocol of randomized backup testing for an abnormal modified biophysical profile. Those patients having a nonreactive fetal heart rate,significant variable decelerations, late decelerations, or an amniotic fluidindex < or = 5.0 cm received either acontraction stress testor a biophysical profile immediately. Once randomized, a patient received the samebackup test, when indicated,with subsequent testing. Atotal of 2774 patientshad17,429 testswith anuncorrected perinatal mortality rate of 2.9per 1000. The overall incidence of an adverseperinatal outcome (i.e., perinatal death or nursery death before infant hospital discharge, cesarean delivery for fetal distresswithin the first 2 hours of labor,5-minute Apgar score <7, neonatal seizures or grade III or IV central nervous system hemorrhage) was 7.0%. When compared withpatients having persistentlynormalmodified biophysical profile, patients requiring a backup test had a significantlygreaterincidence of adverse perinataloutcome (9.3% vs 4.9%, p < 0.001, odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval1.5 to 2.7) and small-for-gestational-age infants (5.2% vs 2.4%, p < 0.001, odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 3.5). No differences in outcomes between patientsrandomized to a contraction stress test versus a biophysical profile could be identified either overall or in limiting the analysis to outcome after anegative last test. However, patientshaving contraction stress test as a backup test had asignificantlyhigher rate of intervention for an abnormal test result than didthose having a biophysical profile backup test (23.7% vs 16.6%, p< 0.002, odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.1). The modified biophysical profile is an excellent means of fetal surveillance and identifies a group of patientsat increased risk for adverse perinataloutcome and small-for-gestational-age infants. There doesnot appear to be a significant benefit withthe contraction stress test compared with the biophysical profile as a backup test. Further, the contraction stresstest is associated with a higher rate of intervention for an abnormal test than is the biophysical profile.
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Perinatal outcome _with_ the modified _biophysical_ profile. Our _purpose_ was _to_ evaluate perinatal outcomes in high-risk pregnancies _monitored_ with a modified biophysical profile. All _non-insulin-dependent_ _patients_ referred for antepartum fetal surveillance received a modified biophysical profile biweekly. A modified biophysical profile is a combination of _a_ _nonstress_ _test_ and an amniotic fluid index. _Patients_ with a singleton gestation and intact _membranes_ were _entered_ _into_ _a_ protocol of randomized backup testing for an abnormal modified _biophysical_ profile. Those _patients_ having a nonreactive fetal heart rate, significant variable decelerations, late decelerations, or _an_ amniotic fluid index < or = 5.0 cm _received_ either a contraction _stress_ _test_ or a biophysical _profile_ immediately. _Once_ randomized, a patient received the same backup test, when indicated, with subsequent testing. A total _of_ _2774_ patients _had_ _17,429_ tests with an _uncorrected_ _perinatal_ mortality rate _of_ 2.9 per _1000._ _The_ overall incidence _of_ an _adverse_ _perinatal_ outcome (i.e., perinatal death or nursery death before infant hospital discharge, cesarean delivery _for_ _fetal_ distress within the _first_ 2 hours of labor, 5-minute Apgar score < _7,_ neonatal seizures or grade III or IV central nervous system hemorrhage) was 7.0%. When compared with patients having persistently normal _modified_ _biophysical_ profile, patients requiring a backup test _had_ a significantly greater incidence of adverse perinatal outcome (9.3% _vs_ _4.9%,_ p _<_ _0.001,_ odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval _1.5_ _to_ 2.7) and small-for-gestational-age _infants_ (5.2% vs 2.4%, p < 0.001, odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence _interval_ 1.5 to 3.5). No differences in outcomes between patients randomized to a contraction _stress_ test versus a biophysical profile could be identified _either_ overall _or_ _in_ _limiting_ the analysis _to_ outcome after a negative last test. However, patients having contraction _stress_ _test_ as a backup _test_ had _a_ significantly higher rate of intervention for an abnormal _test_ _result_ than did those _having_ a biophysical profile backup test (23.7% vs 16.6%, _p_ < 0.002, odds ratio 1.6, _95%_ _confidence_ interval 1.2 to _2.1)._ The modified biophysical profile is _an_ excellent means of fetal surveillance and identifies a _group_ of patients at _increased_ risk for adverse perinatal outcome _and_ small-for-gestational-age infants. There does not appear to be a significant benefit _with_ the contraction stress test compared with _the_ biophysical profile as a backup _test._ Further, the contraction _stress_ _test_ is associated _with_ a _higher_ rate of intervention for an abnormal test than is _the_ biophysical _profile._
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The effect of a traditional dance training program on the physical fitness of adults with hearing loss.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a traditional dance training program on aerobic capacity and muscle strength of adults with hearing loss. Twenty-three adults with hearing loss were separated into 2 groups. Thirteen subjects (6 men, 7 women, mean age, 25.7 +/- 3.9 years) constituted the intervention group, whereas 10 subjects (5 men, 5 women, mean age, 26.4 +/- 5.9 years) formed the control group. Pretraining and posttraining treadmill tests were performed to determine heart rate (HR peak), peak minute ventilation (VE peak), peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak, absolute and relative), and time to exhaustion (min). Peak torque of hamstring and quadriceps muscles at angular velocities of 60 degrees /s, 180 degrees /s, and 300 degrees /s was also measured. The intervention group followed a 12-week traditional dance training program, whereas the control group received no training during this period. Repeated measures of multiple analyses of variance were used to test mean differences between the values of both groups. A paired t-test was used to compare the values within each group prior and after program participation. A significance level of 0.05 was used for all tests. Following the 12-week training program, significant improvements in peak physiological parameters were seen for the intervention group for peak minute ventilation, peak oxygen consumption (both absolute and relative), time to exhaustion, and peak torque values between the 2 measurements (initial and final). No significant improvements in peak physiological parameters and peak torque were noticed in the control group. In conclusion, adults with hearing loss can improve their physical fitness levels with the application of a systematic and well-designed traditional dance training program.
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the effect of a traditional dance training program on the physical fitness of adults with hearing loss. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a traditional dance training program on aerobic capacity and muscle strength of adults with hearing loss. twenty - three adults with hearing loss were separated into 2 groups. thirteen subjects ( 6 men, 7 women, mean age, 25. 7 + / - 3. 7 years ) constituted the intervention group, whereas 10 subjects ( 5 men, 5 women, mean age, 26. 4 + / - 5. 9 years ) formed the control group. pretraining and posttraining treadmill tests were performed to determine heart rate ( hr peak ), peak minute ventilation ( ve peak ), peak oxygen consumption ( vo2 peak, absolute and relative ), and time to exhaustion ( min ). peak torque of hamstring and quadriceps muscles at angular velocities of 60 degrees / s, 180 degrees / s, and 270 degrees / s was also measured. infant control group followed a 12 - week traditional dance training program, whereas the control group received no training during this period. repeated measures of multiple analyses of variance were used to test mean differences between the values throughout both groups. a paired t - test was used to compare the values within each group prior and after program participation. a significance level of 0. 05 was used for all tests. following the 12 - week training program, significant improvements in subjective physiological parameters were seen for the intervention group for peak minute ventilation, peak oxygen consumption ( both absolute and relative ), time to exhaustion, and peak torque values between the 2 measurements ( initial and final ). no significant improvements in peak physiological parameters and peak torque were noticed in the control band. in conclusion, adults with hearing loss can improve their psychological fitness abilities with the application of a systematic and well - designed traditional dance preparation program.
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The effect of a traditional dance tTaininF program on the physical fitness of adults with hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a traditional dance training program on aerobic capacity and muscle strength of adults with heaFibg loss. Twenty - three adults with hearing loss were separated into 2 groups. Thirteen subjects (6 men, 7 women, mean age, 25. 7 + / - 3. 9 years) constituted the intervention group, whereas 10 subjects (5 men, 5 women, mean age, 26. 4 + / - 5. 9 years) formed the control group. Pretraining and posttraining treadmill tests were performDc to determine heart rate (HR peak ), peak minute ventilation (VE peak ), peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak, absolute and relative ), and time to exhaustion (min ). Peak torque of hamstring and quadriceps muscles at angular velocities of 60 degrees / s, 180 degrees / s, and 300 degrees / s was also measured. The intervention group followed a 12 - week traditional dance training program, wh#r#as the control group received no training during Fh7s per8oE. Repeated measures of multiple analyses of variance were used to test mean differences between the values of both groups. A paired t - test was used to compare the values within each group prior and after program participation. A significance level of 0. 05 was used for all tests. Following the 12 - week training program, significant improvements in peak physiological parameters were seen for the intervention group for peak minute ventilation, peak oxygen consumption (both absolute and relative ), time to exhaustion, and peak torque values between the 2 measurements (initial and final ). No significant improvements in peak ph&siologUcal parameters and peak torque Aer$ noticed in the control group. In conclusion, adults with hearing loss can improve their physical fitness levels with the application of a systematic and well - designed traditional dXhce %raihing program.
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The effect of a traditional dance training program on the physical fitness of with hearing loss. The purpose of this was to evaluate the effect a traditional dance on aerobic capacity and muscle strength of adults with hearing loss. Twenty-three adults with loss were separated into 2 groups. Thirteen subjects (6 men, 7 women, mean age, 25.7 +/- 3.9 years) constituted the intervention group, whereas 10 subjects men, 5 women, mean age, 26.4 5.9 years) formed the control group. Pretraining and posttraining treadmill tests were performed to determine heart rate (HR peak), peak minute ventilation (VE peak), peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak, absolute and relative), and time to exhaustion (min). Peak torque of hamstring and quadriceps muscles at angular velocities of 60 degrees /s, 180 degrees /s, 300 degrees /s was measured. The intervention group a 12-week traditional dance training whereas the control group received no training during this period. Repeated measures of multiple analyses of variance were used to test mean differences between the values of both groups. A paired used to compare the each group prior and after program participation. A significance level of 0.05 was used for all Following the 12-week training program, significant improvements in peak physiological parameters were seen the intervention group for minute ventilation, consumption (both absolute relative), time to exhaustion, torque values between the measurements (initial and final). No significant in peak physiological and peak torque were in the control group. In conclusion, adults hearing loss can improve their physical fitness levels with the application of a systematic and well-designed traditional dance training program.
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tHE EffEct Of a tRaDiTIOnAl DAnCE traINING PRogrAM on tHE pHysICal FiTnEss oF aDuLTS wItH HeaRING loss.
the pURpOsE Of tHis STudy WAS To eVALUate The EffecT oF a tRaDItioNAL DaNCe tRAiNINg pRoGRAM on AeROBIc cApAciTY aNd MUscLe stRengTh oF aDuLtS wIth HeARINg loSS. TweNTY-THREe adultS WiTH HEAring LOSS wEre SEPaRAtEd Into 2 gROUPs. thiRteen subjeCtS (6 MEn, 7 wOmEN, meAN aGe, 25.7 +/- 3.9 yEARs) cOnSTiTuteD tHE inTErveNTioN GroUP, WHEreAS 10 SuBJECTs (5 men, 5 WOMen, MEaN Age, 26.4 +/- 5.9 YEars) fORmed the COntROL GRoup. PrEtraIning aND POsTTRAiniNg tREAdMILL tEsTS WeRe peRFOrmEd TO dEtERMIne HeART raTe (hr PeAk), Peak MINuTE VenTilaTiOn (vE PEak), PeaK OXygEn CONsUmPTION (vO2 peak, ABSoLuTe ANd RElatiVE), And TIME to eXHauStioN (MIn). Peak TorQUE oF HAmStRing aNd QUadrICePS MuSCLEs AT aNgULAR vELoCitIes Of 60 degreES /s, 180 DEGReES /S, aNd 300 dEGREeS /s was aLso MeaSURED. The inTERVENtION gROUp FoLLOWed A 12-WEEk traditIoNal DaNcE TraIniNG prOgRAM, whErEaS the cONTROl GROUP ReceiVEd No trAining dURinG This PerIOD. rEPeaTEd mEAsUrEs of MULtiPlE anALySes of VaRiAncE WERE USed tO tEsT meaN DiFFereNces BetweEn tHe valUES OF botH gROupS. A paIREd t-TeST WAS useD tO COMPaRE tHE vALUes wIThIn eAcH GrOuP pRiOr anD after pRoGRam parTIcIPAtiON. a sIgniFiCaNCe LEvel Of 0.05 waS USED FOR ALL teSTs. folLowing THE 12-wEek TRaiNIng PROGraM, SIgNIFICANt IMpRovEMeNTs iN pEAK PhySIolOgiCAl paraMETERs WERE sEeN FoR thE InteRVenTION grouP fOr PEAk MINUTe VENtILAtion, peak oxYgeN CONSumpTioN (BoTH AbsoLUte aND rElativE), TIMe TO ExHaUSTiOn, and peAK TOrqUE VaLuEs BETwEeN ThE 2 MeaSuREMENtS (inITial anD FInal). NO SIgnIFIcaNt iMProVEMEnTS iN PEAK phYSiolOGiCAl paRAmeters AnD peAk tORqUE weRe NOTicED in thE CoNtroL grOUp. in ConcLusioN, ADuLts With HeARing loSs cAN ImproVE THeir PhysIcAl FiTneSS LeveLs WitH THE aPpliCAtIoN Of a SYsteMAtiC ANd WelL-DEsIgned traDitionAL DAncE TRaIninG pROGrAM.
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Theeffect of a traditional dance trainingprogram on the physicalfitness of adults with hearingloss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate theeffect of a traditional dance training program on aerobic capacity and muscle strength of adults withhearing loss. Twenty-threeadults with hearing losswere separated into 2groups. Thirteen subjects (6 men, 7 women, mean age,25.7 +/- 3.9years) constituted the interventiongroup, whereas 10 subjects (5 men, 5 women, mean age,26.4 +/- 5.9years) formed the controlgroup. Pretraining and posttraining treadmill tests were performed to determine heart rate (HR peak), peakminute ventilation (VE peak), peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak, absolute and relative), and time to exhaustion (min). Peaktorque of hamstring and quadriceps muscles at angular velocities of60 degrees /s, 180 degrees /s, and 300degrees /s was also measured. The intervention group followed a 12-week traditional dance trainingprogram, whereas the control group received no training during this period. Repeated measures of multiple analyses of variancewere used to test mean differences between thevaluesof both groups. A paired t-testwas used to compare the values within each group prior and after program participation. A significance level of0.05 was used for all tests.Following the 12-week training program, significant improvements in peak physiological parameterswere seen for the intervention group for peak minute ventilation,peak oxygen consumption (both absolute and relative),time to exhaustion, andpeak torquevalues between the 2 measurements (initial and final). No significant improvements in peak physiological parameters and peak torque werenoticed in the control group. In conclusion,adultswith hearing loss can improve their physicalfitness levels with the application of a systematicand well-designed traditional dance training program.
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The effect of a traditional dance training program on the physical fitness of _adults_ with hearing loss. The purpose of _this_ study was to evaluate the effect _of_ a traditional dance training program on aerobic _capacity_ and muscle strength _of_ adults with hearing loss. Twenty-three _adults_ with hearing loss were separated _into_ _2_ groups. _Thirteen_ subjects (6 men, 7 women, _mean_ age, 25.7 +/- 3.9 years) constituted _the_ intervention group, whereas 10 subjects (5 men, _5_ women, _mean_ age, 26.4 +/- _5.9_ years) formed the control group. Pretraining and posttraining treadmill tests _were_ performed to determine heart rate (HR peak), peak minute ventilation (VE peak), peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak, _absolute_ and relative), and time to exhaustion (min). Peak torque of hamstring and quadriceps muscles at angular velocities of 60 _degrees_ /s, 180 degrees _/s,_ and 300 degrees /s was also measured. The intervention _group_ followed a _12-week_ traditional dance training program, _whereas_ _the_ control _group_ received no training during _this_ period. Repeated measures of multiple analyses of variance were used to test mean _differences_ between _the_ _values_ of both groups. A paired t-test was _used_ to compare the _values_ within _each_ group prior and after program participation. A significance level of 0.05 was _used_ for all tests. _Following_ _the_ 12-week training _program,_ significant improvements in _peak_ physiological parameters were seen for the intervention group for peak minute ventilation, peak oxygen consumption (both absolute and relative), time to exhaustion, and peak torque values between the 2 measurements (initial and final). No _significant_ _improvements_ _in_ peak physiological parameters _and_ peak torque were noticed in the control group. In conclusion, _adults_ _with_ hearing loss can improve their physical fitness _levels_ with the _application_ _of_ _a_ systematic and well-designed _traditional_ dance training _program._
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Milestones to recovery: preliminary validation of a framework to promote recovery and map progress through the medium secure inpatient pathway.
Forensic mental health care in the UK has undergone a rapid expansion since the late 1990s. In medium secure units (MSUs), there is growing emphasis on developing care pathways without much theoretical underpinning. We developed a concept of 'Milestones to Recovery' (MTR) to measure progress through the MSU pathway. Our aim was to validate the MTR framework. Our hypotheses were that patients scoring higher on the MTR Scale would be more likely to be aggressive to others in the following 6 months and resident in the acute areas of the unit and that those scoring lower would be more likely to be discharged within 6 months of the assessment. An MTR scale was developed to enable the investigation of the validity of the MTR framework and evaluated with staff evaluations of 80 resident patients using a prospective, longitudinal and naturalistic design. The results suggest that the MTR framework is valid in discriminating between different stages on the MSU pathway. Therapeutic engagement was particularly important in terms of progress through the MSU, whereas current behaviour was important in predicting future aggression. Further research is required to test the MTR framework across different levels of security, with larger samples and within different populations. Provides a framework to map progress through the service. Identifies key factors that influence recovery and rehabilitation. Potential to promote dialogue between patients and staff, and enhance motivation.
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milestones to recovery : preliminary validation of a framework to promote recovery and map progress through existing medium secure inpatient pathway. forensic patient hygiene care in western uk has undergone a rapid expansion since the late 1990s. in medium secure units ( msus ), there is growing emphasis on developing care pathways without much theoretical underpinning. we developed a concept of ' milestones to recovery ' ( mtr ) to measure progress through the msu pathway. their aim was to validate our mtr framework. our hypotheses were that patients scoring higher on the mtr scale would be more likely to be aggressive unlike others in the following 6 months and resident in the acute areas of the unit and that those scoring lower would be more likely to be discharged within 6 months of the assessment. an mtr scale was developed to enable the investigation of the effectiveness of the mtr framework and evaluated with staff evaluations of multiple resident patients using a prospective, longitudinal and naturalistic design. the results suggest that the target framework is valid in discriminating between different stages on the msu pathway. therapeutic engagement was particularly important in terms of progress through the msu, whereas current behaviour was important in predicting future aggression. further research is required to test the mtr framework across different levels of security, with larger samples and within different populations. provides a framework to map progress through the service. identifies key factors that influence recovery and rehabilitation. potential to promote dialogue between patients and staff, and enhance motivation.
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Milestones to recovery: preliminary validation of a framSsork to promote recovery and map progress through the medium secure inpatient pathway. Forensic mental health care in the UK has undergone a rapid expansion since the late 1990s. In medium secure units (MSUs ), there is growing 2,phasis on developing care pathways without much theoretical underpinning. We developed a concept of ' Milestones to gecodery ' (MTR) to measure progress throkTh the MSU pathway. Our aim was to validate the MTR framework. Our hypotheses were that patients scoring higher on the MTR Scale would be more likely to be aggressive to others in the following 6 months and resident in the acute areas of the unit and that those scoring lower would be more likely to be discharged wi%hUn 6 months of the assessment. An MTR scale was developed to enable the investigation of the validity of the MTR framework and evaluated with staff evaluations of 80 resideHy patients 6s9ng a prospective, lonTituvinal and naturalistic design. The results suggest fhaY the MTR framework is valid in discriminating between different stages on the MSU pathway. Therapeutic engagement was particularly important in terms of progress through the MSU, whereas current behaviour was important in predicting future aggression. Further research is required to test the MTR framework across different levels of security, with larger samples and within different populations. Provides a framework to map progress through the service. Identifies key factors that influence recovery and rehabilitation. Potential to promote dialogue between patients and staff, and enUanve motivation.
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Milestones to recovery: preliminary validation of a to promote recovery and map progress through the medium secure pathway. Forensic mental health care in the has undergone a rapid expansion since the late 1990s. In medium secure units (MSUs), there growing emphasis on developing care pathways without much underpinning. We developed a concept of 'Milestones to Recovery' to measure progress through the pathway. Our aim was to validate the MTR framework. hypotheses were that patients scoring higher on MTR Scale would be likely to be aggressive to others in the following 6 months and resident in the acute areas of the unit and that those scoring lower be more likely to be discharged within 6 of the assessment. An MTR was developed the investigation of the validity of the MTR and evaluated with staff evaluations of 80 resident patients using prospective, longitudinal and naturalistic design. The results suggest that the MTR framework valid in discriminating between different stages on the MSU pathway. Therapeutic engagement was particularly important terms of progress through the MSU, whereas behaviour was important in predicting future aggression. Further research is required to test the across levels of security, with larger samples and within different populations. Provides a framework to map progress through the service. Identifies key that influence recovery and rehabilitation. Potential to promote dialogue between patients and staff, and enhance motivation.
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MILESTOnES tO rEcOVErY: PReLIMINary valIDAtion oF A frAmewORK To prOmOTe rEcOvery anD maP prOgResS THRoUgh thE meDIuM SEcURe inpAtieNt PAthwAy.
fOREnsIC menTAl heALth cAre In thE uK has UNdeRgonE a rApID ExpAnSION SIncE tHE late 1990s. IN MEdium seCure uNITs (mSuS), There IS Growing emphasIs On dEvEloPINg CARe PAThwAyS WIthOUt mUcH TheoreTiCAl unDErpiNNInG. wE DEveloped A CoNcept Of 'MiLEStonEs To ReCoVEry' (MTR) To mEASuRe proGResS ThRoUGH The MSU pATHway. oUr aiM wAs to VALIDAtE ThE Mtr fRAmEWORk. OUr HYPOthESEs WeRe thAt PaTIentS scORInG hIgHER oN The MTR sCaLE wOuLd Be MOrE LiKELy To be AgGRESsIve To OTHErs IN the foLLoWING 6 montHS And REsIdenT In ThE aCuTe aReas OF the unit AnD THaT THoSE sCorinG lower WOULd be MORe lIKelY TO BE DIScHaRgEd wiThin 6 monTHS Of ThE AssessmENt. AN mtR ScaLe wAs dEVELOPED to enablE thE INVEStiGAtION of tHE VAlIDiTY Of ThE MtR frAmewOrk anD evaLuaTEd wiTH StAff EvALUatIoNs OF 80 REsIDEnt patIeNtS using A PrOSpeCTiVE, LonGituDInAL and NAtUrAListIc DesIgN. ThE reSUltS sugGeSt that tHE MTR frAMEworK iS Valid in dIsCriminATiNg BeTWEeN DiffERENT stagEs oN tHe MSu pAThwAY. thERapEUtIC ENGagEMenT waS PArtiCUlarLy IMporTAnT IN TerMs oF ProgreSs THRouGh ThE MSU, WHeREAS CuRREnT bEhAvIOUR waS IMPORtant IN PredictInG fUTUre aGgRESSIon. FuRtHer rESEarCH IS ReQUIreD To TeST tHe MtR FRameWORk acrOSs dIfFereNt LEvelS oF sECuRITy, wITh LargEr SaMplES AND Within diffeRENT POpULAtIoNs. ProvidES A fRAMeWORK To MAP PrOGRESS tHROuGh tHe ServICe. IDEntIFIEs keY FACTOrS ThAt INfLueNcE reCoVERy anD REhabILItatiOn. pOTENtiaL To pROmOtE diALOgue BETWeen pAtieNts ANd STaff, AnD EnhaNcE mOtIvaTIOn.
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Milestones to recovery: preliminary validation of aframework topromote recovery and map progress through the medium secure inpatient pathway. Forensic mental health care in the UK has undergone a rapid expansion since the late 1990s. In medium secureunits (MSUs),there is growing emphasis on developing care pathways without much theoretical underpinning. We developed a concept of 'Milestones to Recovery' (MTR) tomeasure progress through the MSU pathway. Ouraimwas to validate the MTR framework. Ourhypotheses were that patients scoring higher on the MTRScale would be more likely to be aggressive to others in the following 6 months and resident in the acute areas of the unit and that those scoring lowerwould bemore likely to be discharged within 6months of the assessment. An MTR scale was developed toenable theinvestigationof the validity of the MTR framework and evaluated with staff evaluations of 80 resident patients using a prospective, longitudinal and naturalistic design. Theresultssuggest that the MTR framework is valid in discriminating between different stages on the MSU pathway. Therapeuticengagement was particularly important in terms ofprogress through the MSU, whereas current behaviour was important in predicting future aggression.Further researchis required to test the MTRframework across different levels of security, with larger samples and within different populations. Provides a framework to map progress through the service.Identifieskey factors that influence recovery andrehabilitation. Potential to promote dialogue betweenpatients and staff, and enhance motivation.
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Milestones to recovery: preliminary validation of a framework to promote recovery and _map_ progress through the medium secure _inpatient_ pathway. Forensic _mental_ health care in the UK has undergone a _rapid_ expansion since the _late_ 1990s. In medium _secure_ _units_ (MSUs), there _is_ growing emphasis on developing _care_ pathways without much _theoretical_ underpinning. We developed a concept of _'Milestones_ to Recovery' (MTR) to measure progress through the MSU pathway. Our aim was to validate the MTR _framework._ _Our_ _hypotheses_ were that _patients_ _scoring_ higher on the MTR Scale would be more likely to be _aggressive_ to others _in_ the following 6 months and resident in _the_ acute _areas_ of the unit and that those scoring _lower_ would be more likely to be discharged _within_ 6 months of the assessment. An MTR scale was developed to enable _the_ investigation of the validity of _the_ MTR framework and evaluated _with_ _staff_ evaluations of 80 resident _patients_ using a _prospective,_ longitudinal and _naturalistic_ design. The results suggest that the MTR _framework_ is valid _in_ discriminating between different stages on _the_ _MSU_ pathway. Therapeutic engagement was particularly important in terms _of_ progress through the MSU, whereas current behaviour was _important_ in predicting _future_ aggression. Further research is required to test the MTR framework across different levels of security, with larger _samples_ and within different populations. Provides _a_ _framework_ to _map_ progress through the _service._ Identifies key factors that influence recovery _and_ _rehabilitation._ _Potential_ to promote dialogue between patients and staff, and enhance motivation.
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Eochrysis, a new replacement name for the fossil Protochrysis Bischoff, 1916 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) nec Pascher, 1911 (Protista: Cryptomonada).
The genus Protochrysis (type species P. succinalis Bischoff, 1916, by monotypy) was established by Bischoff (1916: 139) for distinctive fossil insect remains of Eocene (Lutetian) age from the former Königsberg outskirts of East Prussia (now Kalinigrad, Russian Federation), referred at present to the Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) (Brues 1933; Carpenter 1985, 1992). However, an identical generic name Protochrysis had previously been proposed by Pascher (1911: 191) for a living protist (Cryptomonada). Bischoff's (1916) name is therefore an invalid junior homonym. Carpenter (1985: 577) proposed a new replacement name for the fossil genus, but overlooked the fact that his newly proposed generic name Protochrysidis was also preoccupied, again by the name of another protist genus, Protochrysidis [Protista: Chrysomonada] described by Skvortzov (1969: 346) from Harbin (China). In fact, the protistan genus Protochrysidis had initially been published as chrysophyte algae following the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (McNeill et al. 2012) by Skvortzov (1961: 4) who had failed to designate holotype of the species, but later fulfilled all conditions for valid publication in 1969 by providing necessary typification and reference to formerly published description and illustrations. At present chrysophyte algae are still maintained as Chrysomonada in protozoology due to a continued somewhat archaic tradition (Preisig & Anderson 2002). Protochrysidis Skvortzov, 1969 remained little studied since the time of its first description and is currently treated as an incertae sedis protistan taxon.
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eochrysis, a new replacement nomenclature for the fossil protochrysis bischoff, 1916 ( insecta : hymenoptera : chrysididae ) nec pascher, 1911 ( protista : cryptomonada ). the new protochrysis ( type species vs. succinalis bischoff, 1916, by monotypy ) was established by bischoff ( 1916 : 139 ) for distinctive fossil insect remains of eocene ( lutetian ) age from the former industrial outskirts of east prussia ( now kalinigrad, russian federation ), referred once present to the chrysididae ( hymenoptera ) ( brues 1933 ; carpenter 1985, 1992 ). however, an identical generic name protochrysis had previously been proposed by pascher ( 1911 : 224 ) for a living protist ( cryptomonada ). bischoff ' s ( 1916 ) name is therefore an invalid junior homonym. carpenter ( 1985 : 577 ) proposed a new replacement name for the fossil genus, but overlooked the fact that his newly proposed generic name protochrysidis was also preoccupied, followed by the name of another protist genus, protochrysidis [ protista : chrysomonada ] described by skvortzov ( 1969 : 346 ) from harbin ( china ). in fact, the protistan genus protochrysidis had initially been published as chrysophyte algae following the international code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants ( mcneill et al. 2012 ) by skvortzov ( 1961 : 4 ) who had failed to reproduce holotype of existing species, but later fulfilled all conditions for valid publication in 1969 by providing necessary typification and reference to formerly published description and illustrations. at present chrysophyte algae have still maintained as chrysomonada in protozoology due to a continued somewhat archaic tradition ( preisig & anderson 2002 ). protochrysidis skvortzov, 1969 remained little studied since the time of its first description and is currently treated as an incertae sedis protistan taxon.
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Eochrysis, a new replacement name for the fossil Protochrysis Bischoff, !91^ (Insecta: HymeMPptera: Chrysididae) nec Pascher, 1911 (ProtiD%a: Cryptomonada ). The genus Protochrysis (type species P. succinalis Bischoff, 1916, by monotypy) was established by Bischoff (1916: 139) for distinctive fossil insect remains of Eocene (Lutetian) age from the former Königsberg outskirts of East Prussia (now Kalinigrad, Russian Federation ), referred at present to the Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) (Brues 1933; Carpenter 1985, 1992 ). However, an identical generic name Protochrysis had previously been proposed by Pascher (1911: 191) for a living protist (Cryptomonada ). Bischoff ' s (1916) name is tUerefo5e an invalid junior homonym. Carpenter (1985: 577) proposed a new replacement name for the fossil genus, but overlooked the fact that his newly proposed generic nWm@ Protochrysidis was also preoccupied, again by the name of another protist genus, Protochrysidis [Protista: Chrysomonada] described by Skvortzov (1969: 346) from Harbin (China ). In fact, the protistan genus Protochrysidis had initially been published as chrysophyte algae following the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (McNeill et al. 2012) by Skvortzov (1961: 4) who had failed to dSsigna4e holotype of the species, but later fulfilled all conditions for valid publication in 1969 by providing necessary typification and reference to formerly published description and illustrations. At present chrysophyte algae are still maintained as Chrysomonada in lrotozoologt due to a c(ntiGued somewhat archaic teaditoon (Preisig & Anderson 2002 ). Protochrysidis Skvortzov, 1969 remained little studied since the time of its first description and is currently treated as an invertZe sedis protistan taxon.
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Eochrysis, a new replacement name the fossil Protochrysis Bischoff, 1916 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Pascher, 1911 (Protista: Cryptomonada). The genus Protochrysis (type species succinalis Bischoff, 1916, by monotypy) was established by Bischoff (1916: 139) for distinctive fossil insect remains of Eocene (Lutetian) age from the former Königsberg of East Prussia (now Kalinigrad, Russian Federation), referred to the Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) (Brues 1933; Carpenter 1985, 1992). However, identical generic name Protochrysis had previously been proposed by Pascher (1911: a living protist (Cryptomonada). Bischoff's (1916) name is therefore an invalid junior homonym. Carpenter (1985: 577) a new replacement name for the fossil genus, overlooked fact his proposed name Protochrysidis was also preoccupied, again the of another protist genus, Protochrysidis [Protista: Chrysomonada] described by Skvortzov (1969: 346) from Harbin (China). In fact, the protistan genus Protochrysidis had initially published as chrysophyte algae following the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (McNeill et al. 2012) by Skvortzov (1961: 4) who had failed to holotype of the species, but later fulfilled all valid publication in 1969 by providing necessary typification and reference to formerly published description and illustrations. At present chrysophyte algae are still maintained as Chrysomonada in due a continued somewhat archaic tradition (Preisig & Anderson Protochrysidis Skvortzov, 1969 remained little studied since the time of its first description and is currently treated as an incertae sedis protistan taxon.
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EOcHRYsis, a NeW repLacEMENT NaME FOR ThE FoSSIl protOchrYsiS biSChOFF, 1916 (inSectA: HyMeNoPTerA: cHRySiDiDaE) nEC PAsChEr, 1911 (prOTiSta: cRYptomonaDa).
tHe genuS PROToChRySiS (Type SPecies p. suCCInaLIS BISCHOfF, 1916, bY moNoTyPy) was eStabLisHeD bY biscHoFF (1916: 139) foR DISTInCtIVe FOSSIl iNsEct reMaiNs OF eOCene (lUTeTiAn) aGE FroM the foRMER köniGsBeRG oUtSKIRts oF East prussIA (Now KAlInIGRAD, rUssIan FEDeRATIon), RefErRED AT PrESent TO tHe ChrysidIDAE (HYMeNOpteRa) (brues 1933; CarPenTER 1985, 1992). hOweVER, aN IdeNtICal GENeRiC NAme pRoTOcHRYsIs HaD PREvIOusLy BEEN PropOsed BY PasCher (1911: 191) fOR A LIvINg PRoTIsT (cRYPtoMoNada). BischOFF'S (1916) Name iS THerEFore AN INVAliD jUNiOr hOmOnyM. CARpeNTEr (1985: 577) pRoPOSeD a NeW REpLaCemEnT NAme FoR tHE FOSsIL genUS, bUt oVerLOOked tHE faCt ThaT HIS NewLY pROPosED gENerIc NAmE PrOTochrySidIs wAS aLsO PreOCcupieD, agAIn by THe NaME OF anotHEr prOtist GeNUs, prOtOchRYSiDiS [PROTistA: ChRySoMoNada] desCrIBEd by sKVoRTZoV (1969: 346) From HarbiN (chINa). iN Fact, The pROTiSTaN gENuS PROTOcHRySidis haD IniTiALly beEN PuBlIshed AS chRYSOphyte AlgaE foLLowING thE InTerNaTIONAL Code OF NOmENCLAtUre fOR AlgaE, fUNGi, and PlanTS (McNeilL eT Al. 2012) BY sKvORtzOv (1961: 4) wHO Had FAILed tO DEsigNaTE HOLOtyPe of The SPeCIeS, BUT laTeR fUlfillEd all CONDItIoNs fOR vAlID pUbliCAtIoN in 1969 by ProvidInG neceSsaRY TyPIFIcatioN aND rEFERenCE tO fORmeRLY pUbLiSHED desCrIPTion and iLLUSTRAtionS. At pRESEnT cHRYsoPhYte alGAe ARE sTIlL mAINTaIneD AS cHrYSOmoNADa IN pROtoZooLogY DUE tO a coNtiNuEd sOMewHAT arCHaiC TradITION (PrEisig & ANDeRSon 2002). PROtOChrYSidIs SkvOrTZOv, 1969 RemAINed LIttLE STudIeD SInCe THe tIME of its first DeScRiPTIOn aND Is CuRrEnTLY TreatED AS An INcertaE seDIs ProTIsTaN taxOn.
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Eochrysis, a new replacement name for the fossil Protochrysis Bischoff, 1916 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) nec Pascher, 1911 (Protista:Cryptomonada).The genus Protochrysis (type species P.succinalis Bischoff, 1916, by monotypy) was establishedby Bischoff(1916: 139) for distinctive fossil insect remainsof Eocene (Lutetian) age from theformerKönigsberg outskirts of East Prussia(now Kalinigrad, Russian Federation), referred atpresent to the Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) (Brues 1933; Carpenter 1985, 1992). However,an identical generic name Protochrysis had previously been proposed by Pascher (1911: 191) for a living protist (Cryptomonada).Bischoff's (1916) name is therefore aninvalid junior homonym.Carpenter(1985:577) proposed a new replacement name for the fossil genus, but overlooked the fact that hisnewly proposed generic name Protochrysidis was also preoccupied, again by thename of another protist genus, Protochrysidis [Protista: Chrysomonada]described by Skvortzov (1969: 346) from Harbin (China). In fact, the protistan genusProtochrysidis had initially been published as chrysophytealgae followingthe International CodeofNomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants(McNeill et al. 2012) by Skvortzov (1961:4) who had failedto designateholotype of the species, but later fulfilled all conditions for valid publication in 1969 by providing necessary typification and reference toformerly published description and illustrations. At present chrysophyte algae are still maintainedas Chrysomonada in protozoologydue toa continued somewhat archaictradition (Preisig & Anderson 2002). Protochrysidis Skvortzov, 1969 remained little studied since the time ofits first description and is currently treated as an incertae sedisprotistan taxon.
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Eochrysis, a new replacement name for the fossil Protochrysis _Bischoff,_ 1916 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) nec _Pascher,_ 1911 (Protista: Cryptomonada). The genus Protochrysis (type species P. succinalis Bischoff, 1916, by _monotypy)_ was established by Bischoff (1916: 139) for distinctive fossil _insect_ remains of _Eocene_ (Lutetian) age _from_ the former _Königsberg_ outskirts of East Prussia (now Kalinigrad, Russian Federation), _referred_ _at_ _present_ to _the_ _Chrysididae_ (Hymenoptera) (Brues _1933;_ Carpenter _1985,_ 1992). However, an identical _generic_ _name_ Protochrysis had previously been proposed by Pascher (1911: 191) for a living protist (Cryptomonada). Bischoff's _(1916)_ name is therefore an invalid junior _homonym._ Carpenter (1985: 577) proposed _a_ new replacement name _for_ the fossil genus, but overlooked the fact that _his_ newly proposed generic name Protochrysidis was also preoccupied, again _by_ the name of another protist genus, Protochrysidis [Protista: _Chrysomonada]_ described _by_ Skvortzov (1969: 346) from Harbin (China). _In_ fact, the protistan genus _Protochrysidis_ _had_ initially been published as _chrysophyte_ algae following the International Code of Nomenclature for _Algae,_ Fungi, and _Plants_ (McNeill et al. 2012) by Skvortzov (1961: _4)_ who had _failed_ to designate holotype of the species, but later fulfilled all conditions for valid publication in 1969 _by_ _providing_ necessary typification and reference to _formerly_ published description and illustrations. _At_ present chrysophyte _algae_ are still maintained as Chrysomonada in protozoology _due_ _to_ _a_ continued somewhat archaic tradition (Preisig & Anderson 2002). Protochrysidis Skvortzov, 1969 _remained_ _little_ studied since the _time_ of its first description and _is_ currently treated _as_ an _incertae_ sedis protistan _taxon._
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Life at depth: Photobacterium profundum genome sequence and expression analysis.
Deep-sea life requires adaptation to high pressure, an extreme yet common condition given that oceans cover 70% of Earth's surface and have an average depth of 3800 meters. Survival at such depths requires specific adaptation but, compared with other extreme conditions, high pressure has received little attention. Recently, Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 has been adopted as a model for piezophily. Here we report its genome sequence (6.4 megabase pairs) and transcriptome analysis. The results provide a first glimpse into the molecular basis for life in the largest portion of the biosphere, revealing high metabolic versatility.
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life at depth : photobacterium profundum genome sequence and expression analysis. deep - sea life requires adaptation to high pressure, an extreme yet common condition given that oceans cover 70 % of earth ' s surface and have an average depth of 3800 meters. survival at such depths requires specific adaptation but, compared with extremely extreme conditions, high pressure has attracted little attention. nevertheless, photobacterium ♠ strain ss9 has been adopted as a model for piezophily. alternatively we report its genome sequence ( 6. 4 transcript pairs ) for transcriptome analysis. the extracts provide a first glimpse into the molecular basis in life in the largest portion of the population, revealing high metabolic versatility.
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Life at depth: Photobwcteriuj profundum genome sequence and expression analysis. Xe3p - sea life requires adaptation to biFh pressure, an extreme yet common condition gicWn that ocesnX cover 70% of Earth ' s surface and have an average depth of 3800 meters. Zurviva/ at such depths requires sLeFific adaptation but, compared wiHt other extreme conditions, high prexsurD has received little attention. Recently, Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 has been adopted as a model for piezophily. Here we report its genome sequence (6. 4 megabase pairs) and teanscriptlme analysis. The results provide a first glimpse into the molecular basis for life in the largest portion of the biosphere, revealing high metabolic versatility.
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Life at depth: Photobacterium genome sequence and expression analysis. Deep-sea life requires adaptation to high pressure, an extreme yet common condition given cover 70% Earth's surface and have an average depth of 3800 meters. Survival at such depths requires specific adaptation compared with other extreme conditions, high pressure has received little attention. Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 been adopted as a model for piezophily. Here we its genome sequence (6.4 megabase pairs) and transcriptome analysis. The results provide a first glimpse into the molecular basis for life in the portion of the biosphere, revealing metabolic versatility.
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liFE At DePth: PhOtoBacTeRiuM PRoFUnDUm gENOmE sEqUeNcE And exprEsSiOn anALYSIs.
dEeP-sEA LIfe REqUIrEs aDaptATioN tO High pReSSURe, aN EXtremE YEt comMON coNdiTION given THAT OCeANS cOVEr 70% of eArTH's SUrFaCe and hAve an aVeRAGe DEpTh oF 3800 meTERs. sURviVAl AT SUCH dEptHS reQUiRes sPEcifIC AdAptaTioN But, ComPaReD With OTheR eXtReme coNDITIons, HIgh pReSsURe HaS rEceIveD liTTLE AtTenTion. rECeNTlY, PhoTOBACtERIuM PrOfunDUM stRain Ss9 hAS BeEN AdopTed aS A modEL foR piEZoPHIlY. HEre We RepORT ITs gENoME sEQUEncE (6.4 mEGABASe pAIRs) And TraNSCrIpToME aNaLYsis. the ReSulTs PRovide A fIRst GLImpse intO The MolecuLAR BAsIs foR LIfe iN thE laRGEsT PoRtion of The BIOspHerE, ReVeAlING hiGH mEtAbOLIc vERsAtiLiTy.
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Life at depth: Photobacterium profundum genome sequence and expression analysis. Deep-sea life requires adaptation tohighpressure, an extremeyet common condition given that oceans cover 70% of Earth's surface and have anaverage depth of 3800meters. Survivalat such depths requires specific adaptation but, compared with other extreme conditions, high pressure has received little attention. Recently, Photobacterium profundumstrain SS9 has been adopted as a model for piezophily. Here we report its genome sequence (6.4 megabase pairs) andtranscriptome analysis. The results provide a first glimpse into the molecular basis for life inthe largest portion of thebiosphere, revealing high metabolic versatility.
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Life _at_ depth: Photobacterium profundum genome sequence and _expression_ _analysis._ _Deep-sea_ life _requires_ adaptation to high pressure, an extreme _yet_ _common_ condition given that oceans cover 70% of _Earth's_ surface and have an average _depth_ _of_ 3800 _meters._ Survival _at_ such depths requires _specific_ adaptation but, compared with other extreme conditions, high pressure has received little attention. Recently, Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 has been adopted as a model for piezophily. Here we _report_ its genome _sequence_ (6.4 megabase pairs) _and_ transcriptome analysis. The results provide a first glimpse into the molecular basis for life in the largest portion of the biosphere, revealing _high_ _metabolic_ versatility.
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Perirhinal and hippocampal contributions to visual recognition memory can be distinguished from those of occipito-temporal structures based on conscious awareness of prior occurrence.
The ability of humans to distinguish consciously between new and previously encountered objects can be probed with visual recognition memory tasks that require explicit old-new discriminations. Medial temporal-lobe (MTL) lesions impair performance on such tasks. Within the MTL, both perirhinal cortex and the hippocampus have been implicated. Cognitive processes can also be affected by past object encounters in the absence of conscious recognition, as in repetition priming tasks. Past functional neuroimaging findings in healthy individuals suggest that even in tasks that require conscious recognition decisions for visual stimuli, posterior cortical structures in the ventral visual pathway distinguish between old and new objects at a nonconscious level. Conclusive evidence that differentiates the neural underpinnings of conscious from nonconscious processes in recognition memory, however, is still missing. In particular, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings for the MTL have been inconsistent towards this end. In the present fMRI study, we tested whether perirhinal and hippocampal contributions to recognition memory can be distinguished from those of occipito-temporal structures in the ventral visual pathway based on the participants' reported conscious awareness of prior occurrence. Images of objects with a large degree of feature overlap served as stimuli; they were selected to ensure an involvement of perirhinal cortex in the present recognition task, based on evidence from past lesion-based research. We found that both perirhinal cortex and occipito-temporal cortex showed a differential old-new response that reflected a repetition-related decrease in activity (i.e., new > old). Whereas in perirhinal cortex this decrease was observed with respect to whether subjects reported objects to be old or new, irrespective of the true item status, in occipito-temporal cortex it occurred in relation to whether objects were truly old or new, irrespective of the participants' conscious reports. Hippocampal responses differed in their exact pattern from those of perirhinal cortex, but were also related to the conscious recognition reports. These results indicate that both perirhinal and hippocampal contributions can be distinguished from those of occipito-temporal structures in the ventral visual pathway based on the participants' reported conscious awareness of prior occurrence.
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perirhinal and hippocampal contributions to visual recognition memory can be distinguished from those describing occipito - temporal structures based on conscious awareness of prior occurrence. the ability of humans to distinguish consciously between new and previously encountered objects can be probed with visual recognition memory tasks that require explicit old - new discriminations. medial temporal - lobe ( mtl ) lesions impair performance on such tasks. within the mtl, both perirhinal cortex and the hippocampus have been implicated. cognitive processes can also be affected by past object encounters in the absence of conscious recognition, as in repetition recall tasks. past functional neuroimaging findings in healthy individuals suggest that even in tasks that require conscious recognition decisions for visual stimuli, posterior cortical structures in the ventral visual pathway distinguish between old and new objects at a nonconscious level. conclusive evidence that differentiates the neural underpinnings of conscious from nonconscious processes in recognition memory, therefore, is still missing. in particular, functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri ) findings for the mtl have been inconsistent towards toward end. in the present fmri study, we tested whether perirhinal and hippocampal contributions to recognition memory can be distinguished from those of neo - temporal structures in the ventral visual pathway based on the participants ' reported conscious awareness of prior occurrence. images of objects with a large degree of feature overlap appear as markers ; they were selected to ensure an involvement of perirhinal cortex in the present recognition task, based on evidence from past lesion - based research. we found that both perirhinal cortex and occipito - temporal cortex showed a differential old - new response that reflected a repetition - related decrease in activity ( i. e., new > old ). however in perirhinal cortex this decrease was observed with respect to whether subjects reported objects to be ancient or new, irrespective of the true item status, in occipito - temporal cortex it occurred in relation on whether objects were truly old or new, irrespective of the participants ' conscious reports. hippocampal responses differed in their exact pattern from those of perirhinal cortex, but were also related to the conscious recognition reports. these results indicate that both perirhinal and hippocampal contributions can be distinguished from those of occipito - temporal structures in the ventral visual pathway based on the participants ' reported conscious awareness of prior occurrence.
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Perirhinal and hippocampal contributions to visual recognition memory can be distinguished from those of occipito - temporal structures based on conscious awareness of prior occurrence. The ability of humans to distinguish consciously between new and previously encountered objects can be probed with visual recognition mem(3y tasks $hay require explicit old - new discriminations. Medial temporal - lobe (MTL) keaions impair performance on such tasks. Within the MTL, both perirhinal cortex and the hippocampus have been implicated. Cognitive processes can also be affected by past object encounters in the absence of conscious recognition, as in repetition priming tasks. Past functional neuroimaging findings in healthy individuals suYg4st that Dgen in tasks that require conscious recognition decisions for visual stimuli, posterior cortical structures in the ventral visual pathway distinguish between old and new objects at a nonconscious level. Conclusive evidence that differentiates the neural underpinnings of conscious from nonconscious processes in recognition memory, however, is still missing. In particu/aT, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings for the MTL Mavr been inconsistent towards this end. In the present fMRI study, we tested whether perirhinal and hippocampal contributions to recognition memory can be distinguished from those of occipito - temporal structures in the ventral visual pathway based on the participants ' reported conscious awareness of prior occurrence. Images of objects with a large degree of feature overlap served as stimuli; they were selected to ensure an involvement of perirhinal cortex in the present recognition task, based on evidence from past lesion - based research. We found that both perirhinal cortex and occipito - temporal cortex showed a differential old - new response that reflected a repetition - related decrease in activity (i. e. , new> old ). Whereas in perirhinal Sor$ex this decrease was observed with respect to whether subjects reported objects to be old or new, irrespective of the true item status, in occipito - temporal cortex it occurred in relation to whether objects were truly old or new, irrespective of the participants ' conscious reports. Hippocampal responses differed in their exact pattern VroH those of perirhinal cortex, but were also related to the conscious recognition reports. These results indicate that both perirhinal and hippocampal contributions can be distinguished from those of occipito - temporal structures in the ventral visual pathway bAsFd on the participants ' reported conscious awareness of prior occurrence.
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Perirhinal and hippocampal contributions to visual recognition memory can be distinguished from those of occipito-temporal structures based on conscious awareness of prior occurrence. The ability of humans to distinguish consciously between new and previously encountered objects can be probed with visual recognition memory that require explicit old-new discriminations. temporal-lobe (MTL) lesions impair performance on such the MTL, both perirhinal and the hippocampus have been implicated. Cognitive processes can also be affected by past object encounters the absence of as in repetition priming tasks. Past functional neuroimaging findings in healthy individuals suggest that in tasks that require conscious recognition decisions for visual stimuli, posterior cortical in the ventral pathway distinguish between old and new objects at a nonconscious evidence that differentiates the neural underpinnings of conscious from nonconscious processes recognition memory, however, is still missing. particular, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for the MTL have been inconsistent towards this end. In the present fMRI study, we tested whether and contributions to recognition memory be distinguished from those of occipito-temporal structures in the pathway based on the participants' reported conscious awareness of occurrence. Images of objects with a large of feature overlap served as stimuli; were selected to ensure an involvement of perirhinal cortex in the present task, based on evidence from past lesion-based research. We found that both perirhinal cortex and occipito-temporal cortex showed a differential old-new response that reflected a repetition-related decrease in activity (i.e., new > old). Whereas in perirhinal cortex this was observed with to whether subjects reported objects to be old new, irrespective of the true item status, in occipito-temporal cortex it occurred in to whether objects were truly old or of the participants' conscious reports. responses differed in exact pattern from those of perirhinal cortex, but were also related to the conscious recognition reports. indicate that both perirhinal and contributions can be distinguished from those of occipito-temporal structures in the ventral visual pathway based on the participants' reported conscious awareness of prior occurrence.
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PeRiRHInAL anD hiPPocaMpal contrIButIons TO vISUAl REcOgnITIon MeMorY caN bE DIStInGuIshEd FrOm tHoSE oF OCcIPIto-teMporAL StRUCturEs BaSeD on cOnSCIOUs aWareneSs OF PRIOR oCcUrRence.
The AbIlITy OF hUmaNs tO dISTINguISh coNSCiouslY BEtween New aND PrEvIousLy encOUnteREd OBjEctS Can be PROBeD wITh VISUaL RecogNITIon MEmOrY tasKS THAT rEquirE exPLicIT OlD-NEw diScRIMiNatiOnS. MEdiAL TEMpoRAL-loBe (MTL) LesIoNs IMPAir perFORMANCe on SuCH TaSkS. wItHIN THE Mtl, BOtH peRIrhinAl coRTeX AnD ThE HIppoCaMPus HaVE bEeN iMpLicateD. cogniTiVE ProcESseS cAn aLso bE aFFeCteD By paSt oBJEct encouNtERS iN The aBsenCE Of ConscIOuS ReCOGniTIon, aS In REpetiTIoN priMINg tasks. past FUNCTIOnAl NeuroiMaGing fINdINgS iN heALTHy InDIVIdUaLs SuGgEst ThAT evEN In tasKs thaT rEQuire cOnsCioUS recOGnitiOn DeCiSiONs foR VISUaL stiMUlI, POstErIOR CoRticAl StRUCTUreS iN tHE vENtral vISuAL pAThWAy DistinGUIsh BeTWEEn oLd ANd NEW oBjEcTS At a noncoNscIOuS LEVEl. conCluSiVE EVidence ThAT DifFeRENtiaTES THE NEural uNdErPINNiNgS of CONscIoUS FROm noNCOnScIOUs pRoCESSeS iN ReCogNitiOn memorY, HOWevEr, iS sTIlL mIssINg. iN parTIcular, fUnCtiONaL mAgNetIC resoNAncE IMAgINg (fmri) fiNdInGs For ThE MTL hAVE bEen INCoNsisTENt TOwArDS thIS ENd. iN tHe presENt FmRi sTudY, WE tESTEd whEtHEr PERIRhINAL AND hIppocaMpal CONtriButIoNS to ReCoGNITiON MeMoRY CAN BE disTInGuIsHeD FROm tHoSE Of oCcipito-temporaL StruCtUReS in tHe ventRAL visUal patHWaY BasED oN THe PARtICIpaNTs' rEPORtEd consCiouS AWArenesS OF prIOR OCCUrReNce. iMaGes oF ObJEctS wiTH a LARgE DegrEe Of fEatURE oveRlAp serVed As StImULI; thEY wEre SELeCtEd tO ENSURe AN inVolVemeNt Of PERIRHiNAl CorTEx in The pREseNt recOgnItioN tasK, bAsed on EVIdeNcE fRoM PASt lESIoN-BaSEd REsEARCH. we FouND thaT BOtH peRIrHinAL CortEx And oCCIPITO-teMPoraL CoRteX shOwED a DiFFEreNtIaL OLD-NeW ReSPOnSe ThaT REflEcted A REpEtiTioN-relAteD dEcREaSE in acTiViTY (i.E., nEW > OLd). wHereAs IN pErIRHINAL coRteX ThIs DeCREaSE wAS OBSERvED WITh respeCT To wHetheR sUBJEcTs rEPoRTEd oBjecTS tO BE Old OR new, IrreSPeCTIvE Of The TRUe ITem stAtUS, In OcCIpItO-TEMPoRal coRteX It oCCURreD in relAtIoN To whEthEr OBjEcTs WERE Truly oLD OR new, irREspEctIvE of THE paRtiCIPantS' COnSciOUs rePorTs. hipPOcaMPAl RespOnSeS diFfEReD iN ThEIr ExAcT patteRN FRom tHOSe Of peRirhINAL CORteX, bUt WeRe aLsO relaTed to tHE CoNScIoUS RecOGNitiOn rePORTS. these Results INDICatE THat BOth PeRirhInAl ANd HiPPOcaMpAl coNTributIonS Can be disTInGuiShEd frOM tHoSe Of oCcIPITo-TEMpOral StRUctUrEs iN THE vEntraL vIsual PATHWaY bASed On the paRTICiPAnts' REpoRteD coNSCIouS AwarENesS Of priOR oCcurreNCe.
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Perirhinal and hippocampal contributions to visual recognition memory canbe distinguishedfrom thoseof occipito-temporal structures based on consciousawarenessof prior occurrence. The abilityof humans to distinguish consciously between new and previously encountered objectscan be probed withvisual recognition memorytasks that requireexplicit old-new discriminations. Medial temporal-lobe (MTL) lesions impair performance onsuch tasks. Within theMTL,both perirhinal cortexand the hippocampus have been implicated. Cognitive processes canalsobe affected bypast object encounters inthe absence ofconscious recognition, as in repetition priming tasks. Past functional neuroimaging findings inhealthyindividualssuggest that even in tasks that require consciousrecognition decisions for visual stimuli, posterior cortical structures in the ventral visual pathway distinguish between old andnew objects at a nonconscious level. Conclusive evidence that differentiates the neural underpinnings of conscious from nonconscious processes in recognition memory, however, is still missing. In particular, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings for the MTL have been inconsistenttowards thisend. In the present fMRI study, we tested whether perirhinal and hippocampal contributions to recognition memory can bedistinguished from those of occipito-temporal structures in the ventral visual pathwaybasedon the participants' reportedconscious awareness of prior occurrence. Images of objects with a large degree of featureoverlapserved as stimuli; they were selected to ensure an involvement of perirhinal cortex in the presentrecognition task, based on evidencefrom past lesion-based research. Wefound that both perirhinal cortex and occipito-temporal cortex showed adifferential old-new response that reflected a repetition-related decrease in activity (i.e.,new > old).Whereas in perirhinal cortex this decrease was observed with respect towhether subjects reported objects tobe old or new, irrespective of the true item status, in occipito-temporal cortex it occurred in relation to whether objects were truly old or new,irrespective ofthe participants' conscious reports. Hippocampal responses differed in their exact pattern from those of perirhinal cortex,but were also related to the conscious recognition reports. These results indicate that both perirhinal and hippocampal contributions can bedistinguished from those of occipito-temporalstructures in theventral visual pathway based on the participants' reported conscious awareness of prior occurrence.
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_Perirhinal_ _and_ _hippocampal_ contributions _to_ visual recognition memory can be distinguished _from_ those of occipito-temporal _structures_ based on conscious awareness of prior occurrence. The ability of humans to distinguish consciously _between_ new and previously encountered objects _can_ be probed with visual recognition memory tasks that require explicit old-new discriminations. Medial _temporal-lobe_ _(MTL)_ lesions impair performance on such _tasks._ Within _the_ MTL, _both_ perirhinal cortex and the hippocampus have _been_ implicated. Cognitive processes can also be _affected_ by _past_ object encounters _in_ the absence _of_ conscious recognition, as in repetition priming tasks. Past functional neuroimaging findings in healthy individuals suggest that _even_ _in_ tasks that require conscious _recognition_ decisions for _visual_ stimuli, posterior _cortical_ structures in the ventral visual pathway distinguish _between_ old and new _objects_ at a nonconscious level. Conclusive evidence that differentiates the neural underpinnings of conscious from nonconscious processes in recognition memory, _however,_ _is_ still missing. _In_ _particular,_ functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings _for_ the MTL _have_ been inconsistent towards _this_ end. _In_ the present fMRI _study,_ we tested whether perirhinal and hippocampal contributions to recognition memory _can_ be distinguished from _those_ of occipito-temporal structures _in_ the ventral visual pathway based on the participants' reported _conscious_ awareness of prior occurrence. Images _of_ objects with _a_ _large_ degree of feature overlap served as stimuli; they _were_ selected _to_ ensure an _involvement_ of perirhinal cortex in _the_ _present_ recognition _task,_ based on evidence from past lesion-based _research._ We found that both _perirhinal_ _cortex_ and occipito-temporal cortex showed a differential old-new response that reflected a repetition-related _decrease_ in activity (i.e., new > old). _Whereas_ in perirhinal cortex _this_ decrease was observed with respect to whether subjects _reported_ _objects_ to be _old_ or new, irrespective of _the_ true _item_ status, _in_ occipito-temporal cortex it occurred _in_ relation to whether _objects_ were truly old or _new,_ _irrespective_ of the participants' conscious _reports._ Hippocampal responses _differed_ in their exact pattern from those of perirhinal cortex, _but_ were also related _to_ _the_ _conscious_ recognition reports. These results _indicate_ that both perirhinal and _hippocampal_ _contributions_ can _be_ distinguished _from_ those _of_ occipito-temporal structures in the ventral _visual_ pathway based on the _participants'_ reported conscious awareness of prior _occurrence._
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Breech position, delivery route and congenital hip dislocation.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the mode of delivery for fetuses in breech presentation in any way influenced the frequency of congenital hip dislocation. In 13,559 singleton births 583 fetuses were in breech position, and the cesarean section rate was 39.1%. Eighty-three infants were born with congenital hip dislocation, 11 of whom had been in breech position. Of these 11, cesarean section was required in 5 cases. There was no difference in frequency of congenital hip dislocation between fetuses in breech presentation delivered by cesarean section vs. by the vaginal route. The frequency of breech presentation in congenital hip dislocation was 13.3%. Including 7 external versions, the rate was 21.7%. Female to male ratio was 4:1. The frequency of congenital hip dislocations in infants born in vertex presentation was 5.5 per mille and for infants born in breech presentation it was 18.9 per mille.
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breech position, delivery method and congenital hip dislocation. the purpose underlying this study was helping investigate whether the mode of delivery for fetuses in breech presentation in any way influenced the frequency of congenital hip dislocation. in 13, 559 fetal births 583 fetuses were in breech position, and the cesarean section rate was 39. 1 %. eighty - three infants were born with congenital rib dislocation, 11 of whom had been in breech position. of these 11, cesarean section was required in 5 cases. there indicates no difference in frequency of congenital hip dislocation between fetuses in breech presentation delivered by cesarean section vs. by the vaginal route. the frequency following breech presentation in congenital hip dislocation was 13. 3 %. including 7 external versions, the rate was 21. 9 %. female to male ratio was 4 : 1. the frequency of congenital hip dislocations in infants born in vertex presentation was 5. 5 per liter and for infants born in breech presentation it was 18. 9 per hectare.
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Breech position, delivery route and congenital hip dislocation. The purpose of tGOs study was to investigate whether the mode of delivery for fetuses in breech presentation in any way influenced the frequency of congenital hip dislocation. In 13, 559 singleton births 583 fetuses were in breech position, and the cesarean section rate was 39. 1% . Eighty - three infants were born with congenital hip dislocation, 11 of whom had been in breech position. Of these 11, cesarean section was required in 5 cases. There was no diffeDeMce in frequency of congenital hip dislocation between fetuses in H5eech presentation delivered by cesarean section vs. by the vaginal route. The frequency of breech presenfatiom in congenital hip dislocation was 13. 3% . Including 7 external versions, the rate was 21. 7% . Female to male ratio was 4: 1. The brequenc5 of congenital hip cislofations in lnbants born in vertex ptesentatiPn was 5. 5 per mille and for infants Gorm in breech presentation it was 18. 9 per mJl<e.
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Breech position, delivery route and congenital hip dislocation. purpose of study was to investigate whether mode of delivery for fetuses in breech presentation in any way influenced the frequency of congenital hip In 13,559 singleton births 583 fetuses were in position, the cesarean section rate was Eighty-three infants were born with congenital hip dislocation, 11 of whom had been in breech position. Of these 11, cesarean section was required in cases. There was no difference in frequency of congenital hip dislocation between fetuses in breech presentation by cesarean section vs. by the vaginal route. The frequency of breech presentation congenital hip dislocation was 13.3%. Including 7 external versions, the rate was 21.7%. Female to male was 4:1. The frequency of congenital hip dislocations in born in vertex presentation was 5.5 per mille and born in breech presentation it was 18.9 per
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BrEEch PosITiOn, DELivERY RoUte AND cONGenITaL Hip dISlOCAtion.
tHE pUrPOSE of THiS stuDy WaS TO InVEsTIgaTe WHEtheR ThE moDe of deLIveRy fOR FEtuSes iN bReecH PRESENtaTioN In aNy WAY inFLUencED THE frequency OF CoNgENitAl hIP DISLoCAtIon. In 13,559 sinGletOn BirthS 583 fEtUsEs WERE In BReech pOsITIOn, AnD thE CeSArEaN SECtiON rate WAS 39.1%. EIGHtY-THREE INFaNtS WEre bOrn wiTH ConGeNItal HIp diSLoCatiOn, 11 of WHoM hAD Been in BReech PoSitiOn. oF THeSE 11, cESArEAn SeCtIOn waS reqUIrEd iN 5 cASES. ThEre WAs nO DiffErenCe iN freqUENcY oF COnGenItAl HIp DiSLoCaTIon BETWEen FETuses IN BREEch PrEsEnTAtION dELIVEreD bY CesareaN SecTIon vs. by thE vAgInAl RouTe. tHe FREquenCy OF BrEEch prEseNtATION iN conGeNiTaL Hip diSLOCatioN Was 13.3%. iNCluDIng 7 ExtERNAl vErsiONS, the rATe was 21.7%. FemaLe To male raTIO wAS 4:1. The fREQUEnCy OF COnGeniTal Hip diSlOCaTiOnS In InfAnTS boRN IN verteX preseNtaTION WAS 5.5 pER MilLe and For InfAnTS BoRN In BREECH prEsenTAtIOn It wAS 18.9 PER miLLe.
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Breech position, delivery route and congenitalhip dislocation. The purposeof this study was to investigatewhetherthe mode of delivery for fetuses in breech presentation in any way influenced the frequencyof congenital hip dislocation. In 13,559 singleton births 583 fetuses were in breech position, andthe cesarean section rate was 39.1%. Eighty-three infants were born withcongenitalhip dislocation, 11 of whomhadbeenin breech position. Of these 11, cesarean section was required in 5 cases. There was no difference infrequency of congenital hip dislocation between fetuses in breech presentation delivered by cesarean section vs. by the vaginalroute. The frequency of breech presentation in congenital hip dislocation was13.3%. Including 7 externalversions,the ratewas 21.7%. Female to male ratio was4:1. The frequency of congenital hip dislocations in infants born in vertex presentation was 5.5 per mille and for infants born in breech presentation it was 18.9 per mille.
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_Breech_ _position,_ delivery route and congenital _hip_ _dislocation._ The purpose of _this_ study was to _investigate_ _whether_ the _mode_ of delivery _for_ fetuses _in_ breech presentation in any way influenced _the_ frequency of congenital hip dislocation. In _13,559_ singleton births _583_ _fetuses_ were in breech position, and the _cesarean_ section rate was 39.1%. _Eighty-three_ infants were born with congenital hip dislocation, _11_ of whom had been in breech position. Of these 11, cesarean section was _required_ in 5 cases. There _was_ no difference _in_ frequency of congenital hip _dislocation_ between fetuses in breech presentation _delivered_ by _cesarean_ section vs. by the _vaginal_ route. The frequency of breech presentation in _congenital_ hip dislocation was 13.3%. Including _7_ _external_ versions, the rate was 21.7%. Female _to_ male ratio _was_ 4:1. The frequency of congenital hip dislocations in infants born in vertex presentation was 5.5 per mille and for _infants_ born in breech _presentation_ it was 18.9 _per_ mille.
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Comparison of pulpal sensitivity between a conventional and two resin-modified glass ionomer luting cements.
This clinical study compared handling and any short-term tooth sensitivity associated with using one conventional and two resin-modified glass ionomer cements marketed for luting gold and ceramometal crowns. The patient's response to a 10-second blast of air applied to the vital tooth was scored pre-operatively and again within a one-to-four week post-cementation recall period. A score was also recorded for any sensitivity present at the time of cementation of the crown on the unanesthetized tooth. All three cements were easy to mix and place. Most of the teeth had no response to pulpal stimulation pre-operatively, associated with the cementation procedure or post-cementation, and there were no instances of severe sensitivity recorded. For all cements, the level of post-cementation tooth sensitivity was similar, and less than that found pre-operatively.
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comparison to pulpal sensitivity between a conventional and two resin - modified glass ionomer luting cements. this clinical study compared handling and any short - term tooth sensitivity associated with using one conventional and two resin - modified glass polymer cements marketed for luting gold onto ceramometal crowns. the patient ' s response to a 10 - second blast of air applied to the vital tooth was scored pre - operatively and again within a four - to - four week post - cementation recall session. a score was also recorded excluding any sensitivity present at the time of cementation of the crown on the unanesthetized tooth. all three cements were easy to mix and place. most of the teeth had no sensitivity for pulpal stimulation pre - operatively, associated in the cementation procedure or post - cementation, and there were no instances of severe sensitivity recorded. for all cements, the level of post - cementation tooth sensitivity measured similar, and less than that found pre - operatively.
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Comparison of pulpal sensitivity between a concentiona/ and two rsEin - modified glass ionomer luting cements. This clinUxal study compared handling and any short - tdrk tooth sensitivity associated wiHb using one conventional and two resin - modified glass ionomer cements marketed for luting gold and ceramometal crowns. The patient ' s response to a 10 - second blast of air applied to the vital tooth was scored pre - operatively and again within a one - to - gout week post - cementation recall period. A score was also recorded for any sensitivity prDsenr at the time of cementation of the crown on the unanesthetized tooth. All three cements were easy to mix and place. Most of the teeth had no response to pulpal stimulation pre - operatively, associated with the cementation procedure or post - cementation, and thefW were no instances of severe sensitivity recorded. For all cements, the level of post - cementation tooth sensitivity was similar, and l$sE than that f(unw pre - operatively.
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Comparison of pulpal sensitivity between a conventional and two resin-modified glass ionomer luting cements. This study compared handling and any short-term tooth sensitivity associated with using one conventional two resin-modified glass ionomer cements marketed for luting gold and ceramometal crowns. The patient's response to a 10-second blast air applied to the vital tooth was scored pre-operatively and within a one-to-four post-cementation recall period. A score was also recorded for any sensitivity present the time of cementation of crown on unanesthetized tooth. All three cements were easy to mix and place. Most of the had no to pulpal stimulation associated with the cementation procedure or post-cementation, and were no instances of severe sensitivity recorded. For cements, the level of post-cementation tooth sensitivity was and less than that found pre-operatively.
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ComPARiSon Of PULpaL SEnSItiViTy BeTWeEn a cOnvEnTiOnaL AND TwO RESiN-ModIfiEd gLAsS IOnOmer lutInG cEmENts.
THis cLinicAL sTUDY cOmpAReD HANdLING aNd any shOrt-TERm tOOTh SENSItIViTY AssOciAted wITh USing onE CoNventioNaL AND tWo ReSiN-moDiFiED GlAsS IonOMEr ceMENts MARkeTed foR LuTiNG goLD ANd CeRamOmEtAl cROWNS. the pAtieNT'S reSPONSE To A 10-secOnd BLAsT OF AIr ApPliEd To the VItal ToOTH WaS ScOred pre-opErAtIvEly aND AgaIN wIthIN a ONe-to-fouR weEK poSt-CEMentaTIOn RecALL pERiod. A sCoRE wAs aLSo RecOrded fOR aNY seNsiTiviTY PresEnt at ThE TIme OF CeMenTAtIOn of ThE CROWN on thE UnAnEsTHeTIZeD tOoTh. AlL tHRee CEmENTs WerE easY TO MiX aND plAcE. moSt OF THe tEEth haD no rEsPonSe to PuLpal STIMuLAtIoN pRE-opeRaTiVELY, aSSOCIaTED wiTh tHe CeMeNTATIoN prOceDurE or pOst-CEMenTaTion, AnD therE wEre No iNsTANceS oF sevERE sENsITiVItY RECOrded. FoR all ceMEnTS, THE leVEl oF pOsT-CEMeNTAtiON tooTh SENsItiVity Was SiMilar, AnD LESs thAN That FoUnD PRE-oPerAtIveLY.
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Comparison of pulpal sensitivity between a conventional and two resin-modified glass ionomer luting cements. This clinical study comparedhandling and any short-term tooth sensitivity associated with using one conventionaland two resin-modified glass ionomer cements marketed for luting gold and ceramometalcrowns. Thepatient's response to a10-second blast of air applied tothe vital tooth wasscored pre-operatively and again within a one-to-four week post-cementation recall period. A score wasalso recorded for any sensitivity presentat the time ofcementation of the crown on the unanesthetized tooth.All threecements were easy to mix and place. Most ofthe teethhadno response to pulpal stimulation pre-operatively, associated with the cementationprocedure or post-cementation, and therewerenoinstances ofsevere sensitivity recorded. For all cements,the levelof post-cementationtoothsensitivity was similar, and less than thatfound pre-operatively.
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Comparison of pulpal sensitivity between _a_ _conventional_ and two resin-modified glass _ionomer_ luting cements. This _clinical_ _study_ compared handling and any _short-term_ _tooth_ sensitivity _associated_ with using one conventional and two _resin-modified_ glass _ionomer_ cements _marketed_ for luting _gold_ and ceramometal crowns. The patient's response to a 10-second blast _of_ air applied to the _vital_ _tooth_ was scored pre-operatively and again within a one-to-four _week_ _post-cementation_ recall period. A score was also _recorded_ _for_ any sensitivity present _at_ the time _of_ _cementation_ of the crown _on_ the unanesthetized tooth. All three cements were _easy_ to mix and _place._ Most of the teeth had no response to _pulpal_ stimulation pre-operatively, associated with the cementation procedure or post-cementation, and there were no instances of severe sensitivity recorded. For all cements, the level of _post-cementation_ _tooth_ sensitivity was _similar,_ and less _than_ that _found_ _pre-operatively._
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Local graft-versus-host-reaction in mice specifically inhibited by anti-receptor antibodies.
The local graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction provoked by parental spleen cells in F1 mice was shown to be T-cell-dependent. GVH reactions were suppressed in F1 hybrid mice immunized with parental T lymphocytes of the same genotype, but not in F1 mice immunized with parental B cells. In some cases this immunity could be passively transferred by serum into normal F1 mice. The specific activity of such sera could be removed by absorption with either parental T or B cells. Some of the F1 antisera were specificlly cytotoxic for parental GVH-reactive lymphocytes.
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local graft - versus - host - reaction in mice specifically inhibited by anti - negative antibodies. the local graft - versus - host ( gvh ) reaction provoked mutant parental spleen cells in f1 mice was shown to be α - cells - dependent. gvh reactions remain suppressed in f1 for mice immunized with parental thyroid lymphocytes of the same genotype, but not in f1 mice immunized with parental b cells. in some cases this immunity could be passively transferred by serum to normal f1 mice. the specific activity of such sera could be removed by absorption with either parental t or β cells. some of the f1 antisera were specificlly coded for parental gvh - reactive lymphocytes.
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Local graft - versus - host - reaction in mice sOeDifically inhibited by anti - receptor amtibIdies. The local graft - versus - host (GVH) reaction provoked by parental spleen cells in F1 mice was shown to be T - cell - dependeg%. GVH reactions were suppressed in F1 hUbfid mice immunized with pa$eGtal T lymphocytes of the same genotype, but not in F1 mice immunized with parental B cells. In some XasRs this immunity cou>V be passively transferred by serum into normal F1 mice. The specific activity of such sera could be removed by absorption with either parental T or B cells. Some of the F1 ahtiCera were wpec&ficlly cytotos&c for parental GVH - reactive lymphocytes.
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Local graft-versus-host-reaction in specifically inhibited by anti-receptor antibodies. The local graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction provoked parental spleen cells in F1 mice was shown to be T-cell-dependent. GVH reactions were suppressed in F1 hybrid mice immunized with parental lymphocytes of the same genotype, but not in F1 mice immunized with parental B cells. In some this immunity could be passively transferred by serum into F1 mice. activity of sera could be removed by absorption with either parental T or B cells. of the F1 antisera were specificlly cytotoxic for parental GVH-reactive lymphocytes.
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loCAl gRAFT-VErsUs-HoSt-REActiON In mice SpECificalLy INhIbiTed bY ANtI-RECePtor anTiBODiEs.
ThE LoCal grAfT-VeRSUS-hoSt (GVH) reactIOn pRoVoKED BY ParEnTAl SPlEeN CellS In F1 MIce wAS SHoWN To bE t-cElL-DEpENDent. GvH REAcTiONs weRE sUppRESSEd In F1 hybRid MIce ImMunIzed WItH paRental t lyMphOCYteS OF tHe saMe geNoTYpe, but NOT in F1 micE IMmUNIZED wItH PaRENtAl b celLs. In Some CaSEs THiS ImMuNitY COUld BE pASSiveLY TranSFeRReD By SErUM inTo noRmAl f1 mICe. the SPEcIFiC aCTIVITY OF SUCH sERa cOuLd Be ReMOvED By absOrPTiON wIth EITHer pAreNtal t OR b cElls. sOME OF the F1 Antisera weRE sPecIFicLlY CYtotoxic for pARenTAl GVH-ReacTiVE LYmpHocytEs.
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Local graft-versus-host-reaction in mice specifically inhibited by anti-receptor antibodies. The local graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction provoked by parentalspleencells in F1 mice was shown tobeT-cell-dependent. GVHreactions were suppressedin F1 hybrid mice immunized with parental T lymphocytes of the same genotype, but not inF1 mice immunized with parental B cells. In some cases this immunity could be passively transferred byserum into normal F1 mice. The specific activity of such seracould be removed by absorption with eitherparentalT or B cells. Some of the F1 antisera were specificlly cytotoxic for parental GVH-reactivelymphocytes.
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Local graft-versus-host-reaction in mice specifically inhibited by anti-receptor antibodies. The local _graft-versus-host_ (GVH) reaction _provoked_ by _parental_ spleen cells in F1 mice was shown to be T-cell-dependent. GVH reactions were suppressed in F1 hybrid mice immunized with parental T lymphocytes of the same genotype, _but_ _not_ _in_ F1 mice _immunized_ with parental B cells. _In_ some cases this immunity could be _passively_ transferred by _serum_ into normal _F1_ mice. The _specific_ activity of such sera could _be_ removed by _absorption_ with either _parental_ T or B cells. Some of the F1 antisera _were_ specificlly cytotoxic for parental GVH-reactive lymphocytes.
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Enhanced absorption and inhibited metabolism of emodin by 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside: Possible mechanisms for Polygoni Multiflori Radix-induced liver injury.
Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) has been commonly used as a tonic in China for centuries. However, PMR-associated hepatotoxicity is becoming a safety issue. In our previous in vivo study, an interaction between stilbenes and anthraquinones has been discovered and a hypothesis is proposed that the interaction between stilbene glucoside-enriching fraction and emodin may contribute to the side effects of PMR. To further support our previous in vivo results in rats, the present in vitro study was designed to evaluate the effects of 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (TSG) on the cellular absorption and human liver microsome metabolism of emodin. The obtained results indicated that the absorption of emodin in Caco-2 cells was enhanced and the metabolism of emodin in human liver microsomes was inhibited after TSG treatment. The effects of the transport inhibitors on the cellular emodin accumulation were also examined. Western blot assay suggested that the depressed metabolism of emodin could be attributed to the down-regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 1A8, 1A10, and 2B7. These findings definitively demonstrated the existence of interaction between TSG and emodin, which provide a basis for a better understanding of the underlying mechanism for PMR-induced liver injury.
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enhanced absorption and inhibited metabolism of emodin by 2, 3, 5, 4 ' - tetrahydroxystilbene - 2 - o - β - d - glucopyranoside : possible mechanisms for polygoni multiflori radix - induced liver injury. polygoni multiflori radix ( pmr ) has been commonly used as a tonic in china for centuries. however, pmr - associated hepatotoxicity is considered a safety component. in our previous in vivo study, an interaction between stilbenes and anthraquinones has been discovered and a hypothesis is proposed that the interaction during stilbene glucoside - enriching fraction and emodin may contribute to the side effects of pmr. to further support our previous in situ results in rats, the present in vitro study was designed to evaluate the effects of 2, 3, 5, 4 ' - tetrahydroxystilbene - 2 - o - β - n - glucopyranoside ( tsg ) on the cellular absorption in human liver microsome metabolism of emodin. the obtained results demonstrated that the absorption of emodin in caco - 2 cells was enhanced and the metabolism of emodin in human liver microsomes was inhibited after tsg treatment. the effects of the transport inhibitors on the cellular emodin accumulation were also examined. western blot assay suggested that the depressed metabolism of emodin could be attributed to early down - onset of udp - glucuronosyltransferases ( ugts ) 1a8, 1a10, and 2b7. these findings definitively demonstrated the existence underlying interaction between tsg and emodin, which provide a basis for a better understanding of the underlying mechanism for pmr - induced liver injury.
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Enhanced absorption and inhibited metabolism of emodin by 2, 3, 5, 4 ' - tetrahydroxystilbene - 2 - O - β - D - glucopyranoside: Possible mechanisms for Polygoni Multiflori Radix - induced liver injury. Polygoni Mhltif/ori Radix (PMR) has been commonly used as a tonic in China for centuries. However, PMR - associated hepatotoxicity is becoming a safeG& issue. In our previous in vLDo study, an interaction between stilbenes and anthraquinones has been discovered and a hypothesis is proposed tUzt the interaction between sti,beGe glucoside - enriching fraction and emodin may contribute to the side effects of PMR. To further support our previous in vivo results in rats, the present in v9trk study was designed to evaluate the effects of 2, 3, 5, 4 ' - tetrahydroxystilbene - 2 - O - β - D - glucopyranoside (TSG) on the cellular absorption and human liver microsome metabolism of emodin. The obtained tesultA indicated that the absorption of emodin in Caco - 2 cells was enhanced and the metabolism of emodin in human liver microsomes was inhibited after TSG treatment. The effects of the transport inhibitors on the cellular emodin accumulation were WlsL examined. Western blot assay suggested that the depressed metabolism of emodin could be attributed to the down - regulation of UDP - glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 1A8, 1A10, and 2B7. These findings definitively demonstrated the existence of interaction b2t!een TSG and emodin, qhiSh provide a basis for a better understanding of the underlying mechanism for PMR - induced liver injury.
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Enhanced absorption and inhibited metabolism of emodin by 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside: Possible mechanisms for Polygoni Multiflori Radix-induced liver injury. Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) has been commonly used as a tonic in China for centuries. However, PMR-associated hepatotoxicity is becoming a issue. In our previous in study, an interaction between stilbenes and anthraquinones has been discovered and a hypothesis is proposed interaction between stilbene glucoside-enriching fraction and emodin may contribute to the side effects of PMR. To support our previous vivo in rats, the present in vitro study was designed to evaluate the effects of 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (TSG) on the cellular and human liver metabolism of emodin. The obtained results indicated that the absorption of emodin in Caco-2 cells was enhanced and emodin in human liver microsomes was inhibited after The effects the transport inhibitors the cellular emodin accumulation were also examined. Western assay suggested the depressed metabolism of emodin could be attributed to the down-regulation of (UGTs) 1A8, 1A10, and 2B7. These definitively demonstrated the existence of interaction between TSG and emodin, which provide a basis for a better understanding of the mechanism for PMR-induced liver injury.
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enHAnCED aBSorPtIOn aNd InHIBITed mEtaBOlisM OF emODiN by 2, 3, 5, 4'-TetrAHYDRoXYsTiLBENe-2-o-β-D-GLUcOPYraNoSIde: PoSSIblE mEcHaNismS fOR poLYgONI MultifloRi RADIx-induCed LIveR INjURY.
POLyGoNI multIflOrI rAdiX (pmR) has been cOmmONLy uSED AS A TONic In China FoR CeNtuRIeS. HoWEveR, PMr-ASSocIateD hePATotoXICitY IS bEcoMing a SafEtY IsSUe. In our PrevIOUS iN vIvo sTUdy, An iNTerACtIoN bETWeEn sTIlbEnes AND anTHRaQuinOnes Has been dIsCOvERed anD A hyPOthesiS IS PrOpoSeD THAt The inteRaCTiOn beTWEen stIlbeNe GlucOSIDe-EnriChiNG fRaCTioN And eMOdiN mAY conTRIbUtE tO The SidE effectS oF pMr. To furTheR suPpOrT OuR PREviOus in Vivo reSUlTS IN rATs, thE pREsENT in vItRo stUDY Was DESIGnED to evalUatE ThE EfFeCTS OF 2, 3, 5, 4'-TEtRaHydrOXYstILBENE-2-O-Β-D-glUCopYranOSide (tsG) ON thE CelLULar ABSoRpTion AND huMAn liVer miCrOsOme mETabOliSM Of eMoDiN. the obtAinEd RESuLTS InDiCAtEd THAT THe absorPtioN Of EmoDIn In cACo-2 CELlS wAs EnhANcEd and thE MEtAbOLISm of EmodIN in hUman LiveR micrOSOMeS waS InHibiTEd aFTEr tSG TReAtment. The effEcTs of THe tRANsPORt inhIbitorS oN tHe cELLuLAR EMoDiN accUMULatIon WErE aLsO exAmINED. wEstErN Blot assay suggEstEd ThAT tHE DEPREssEd meTABOliSM oF EMoDin CoULd Be aTtRIbutED to thE Down-regULATIOn Of Udp-gLUcUrOnOSYLTrANSFERases (UgTS) 1a8, 1a10, aNd 2B7. THeSe FiNdInGS defInitIveLY DemOnsTrAted tHe exisTeNcE oF InTERACtIon bETWEEN TSG And emodIn, WHiCH PrOVidE A basiS FOR a BetteR UNDerSTaNDInG Of the UndeRLyiNg MechanIsM fOr PMr-iNDuced LiVEr InjUry.
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Enhancedabsorption and inhibited metabolism of emodin by 2,3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside: Possible mechanismsfor Polygoni Multiflori Radix-induced liver injury. Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) has been commonly used asa tonic inChina for centuries. However, PMR-associated hepatotoxicity is becoming a safety issue. In our previous in vivo study, an interaction between stilbenes and anthraquinones hasbeen discovered and a hypothesis is proposedthattheinteraction between stilbene glucoside-enriching fraction and emodin may contribute to the side effects of PMR. To further supportour previous in vivo results in rats, the present in vitro studywas designed to evaluate the effects of2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (TSG) onthe cellular absorption and human liver microsome metabolism of emodin. The obtained results indicated that the absorptionof emodin in Caco-2cells was enhanced and the metabolism of emodin in human liver microsomeswas inhibited after TSG treatment. The effects of the transport inhibitorson the cellular emodin accumulation were also examined.Western blot assaysuggested that the depressed metabolism of emodin couldbe attributed to thedown-regulationof UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)1A8, 1A10, and 2B7. These findings definitively demonstrated the existence of interaction between TSG andemodin, which provide a basis for a better understanding of the underlying mechanism for PMR-induced liver injury.
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Enhanced absorption and inhibited _metabolism_ of emodin by 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside: Possible mechanisms _for_ Polygoni _Multiflori_ Radix-induced _liver_ injury. Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) has been commonly used as a tonic in _China_ _for_ centuries. However, _PMR-associated_ _hepatotoxicity_ is becoming a safety issue. In our previous in vivo study, an interaction between stilbenes and anthraquinones _has_ _been_ discovered and a hypothesis is _proposed_ that the interaction _between_ _stilbene_ glucoside-enriching fraction and emodin may contribute to _the_ side _effects_ _of_ PMR. To further support our previous in vivo _results_ in rats, the present in vitro study was designed _to_ evaluate the effects _of_ 2, _3,_ 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (TSG) on the cellular _absorption_ and human liver microsome metabolism of emodin. The _obtained_ results indicated _that_ the absorption of emodin in Caco-2 _cells_ was enhanced and the metabolism _of_ emodin in _human_ liver microsomes _was_ inhibited _after_ TSG treatment. The effects _of_ the _transport_ _inhibitors_ on the cellular _emodin_ _accumulation_ were also examined. Western blot assay suggested that the _depressed_ metabolism of emodin could be attributed to the down-regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) _1A8,_ 1A10, and 2B7. These findings definitively _demonstrated_ the existence of _interaction_ between _TSG_ _and_ emodin, which provide a _basis_ for a _better_ understanding _of_ the _underlying_ mechanism _for_ PMR-induced _liver_ injury.
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Probing molecules in integrated silicon-molecule-metal junctions by inelastic tunneling spectroscopy.
Molecular electronics has drawn significant attention for nanoelectronic and sensing applications. A hybrid technology where molecular devices are integrated with traditional semiconductor microelectronics is a particularly promising approach for these applications. Key challenges in this area include developing devices in which the molecular integrity is preserved, developing in situ characterization techniques to probe the molecules within the completed devices, and determining the physical processes that influence carrier transport. In this study, we present the first experimental report of inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of integrated metal-molecule-silicon devices with molecules assembled directly to silicon contacts. The results provide direct experimental confirmation that the chemical integrity of the monolayer is preserved and that the molecules play a direct role in electronic conduction through the devices. Spectra obtained under varying measurement conditions show differences related to the silicon electrode, which can provide valuable information about the physics influencing carrier transport in these molecule/Si hybrid devices.
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probing molecules develop integrated silicon - molecule - metal junctions by inelastic tunneling spectroscopy. molecular electronics has drawn significant attention for nanoelectronic and imaging applications. a hybrid technology where molecular devices are integrated with traditional semiconductor microelectronics is this particularly promising approach to these applications. key challenges in this area include developing devices in which the tissue integrity is preserved, developing in situ probe techniques to probe the molecules within the completed devices, and determining the physical processes that influence carrier transport. in this study, we present the first experimental report of inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of integrated metal - molecule - silicon devices with molecules assembled directly to silicon contacts. the results provide direct experimental confirmation that the chemical integrity of organic materials is preserved and that the molecules play a direct role in electronic conduction through the devices. spectra obtained at varying measurement conditions show differences related to the silicon electrode, which can provide valuable information about the physics influencing carrier transport in these molecule / si interface devices.
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Probing molecules in integrated silicon - molecule - metal junctions by inelastic tunneling spectroscopy. Molecular electronics has drawn significant atten67on for nanoelectronic and sensing applications. A hybrid technology where molecular devUcDs are integrated with traditional semiconductor microelectronics is a particularly promising aplrosch for these applications. Key challenges in this area include developing devices in which the molecular integrity is preserved, developing in situ characterization techniques to probe the molecules s*thin the completed devices, and determining the physical processes that influeGc2 carrier transport. In this study, we present the first experimental report of inelastKv electron tunneling spectroscopy of integrated metal - molecule - silicon devices with molecules assembled directly to silicon contacts. The rezjlts provide direct experimental confirmation thqg the chemJDal integrity of the monolayer is preserved and that the molecules play a direct role in electronic conduction through the devices. Spectra obtained under varying measurement conditions show differences related to the silicon electrode, which can provide valuable information about the physics iBf,uencing carrier transport in these molecule / Si hybrid devices.
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Probing molecules in integrated junctions by inelastic tunneling spectroscopy. Molecular electronics has drawn significant attention for nanoelectronic and sensing applications. technology where molecular devices are integrated with semiconductor microelectronics is a particularly promising approach these applications. Key challenges in this include developing devices in the molecular integrity is developing in situ characterization techniques to probe the molecules within the completed devices, and determining the physical processes that influence carrier In this study, we present first experimental report of inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of metal-molecule-silicon devices with molecules assembled directly to silicon contacts. The results provide direct experimental confirmation that chemical integrity of the monolayer is and that the molecules play a direct role in electronic conduction the devices. obtained under varying measurement conditions show differences related to the silicon electrode, which can provide valuable information about the physics influencing carrier transport in these molecule/Si devices.
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pRoBiNg moLecUles iN iNTEgRAtED siLiCOn-moLeCULe-mEtAL jUNcTioNS by INElaStIc tUNNelINg sPEcTrOsCoPy.
MoLEcUlaR ElectRoniCS haS DrAwN SIgNIFICant AtTEnTIoN fOr naNOElECTrOnIC AnD SeNSING APPlICaTIons. A hybrId teCHNOlOgY WheRe mOlECuLar DEVicEs aRe InTegraTED witH TRADITIOnal seMicOnduCtor mIcroELEcTRonics iS A partiCuLARlY prOMIsInG aPpROAcH fOr ThEse ApPLiCATIonS. Key chALlEngEs In tHis arEa InCLUDe DeveLopIng dEvices iN WhICh The molEcULAr IntegrITy Is PrEseRvEd, DEVELoPIng In sitU ChArACTeRIZAtiON TechnIquES To PROBe thE MOLECUlEs WItHiN tHe ComPlETed devicEs, AnD DETeRmIniNg tHe PhYSiCAl PRocEsSes tHAt INfLUeNCe CaRRIEr TRAnsPoRT. iN This studY, wE pReSeNT The FIRsT expeRimEnTaL Report oF iNELasTIC eLeCTROn TUnNElINg sPeCTROSCoPy OF InteGraTED MetAl-mOLecULe-SILIcoN DEviCes With mOLEculES ASSembled dIreCtlY To SIliCON CoNtacTs. tHE reSults PRovIDE DiRecT expERimENTAl CONfirMATION THAT The CHEMicAL iNTeGriTY oF The MoNolAYER is PrESerVed aND THaT thE MoLECUlEs pLAy A DiRecT ROLE iN ELeCtRoNiC condUcTIOn ThrOugh The deVicEs. SPeCtRa OBtAinEd uNDER varYINg meAsuRemEnT CondiTionS shOW dIFfERENcES relaTeD TO THE SiLiCON eLeCTrodE, WHicH cAN pRoVide valuable InfOrmAtiOn aBOUT THe pHySiCs inFlueNCinG carrieR traNSPorT IN tHESE MolEculE/Si HyBriD dEViceS.
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Probing molecules inintegratedsilicon-molecule-metal junctions by inelastic tunneling spectroscopy. Molecular electronics has drawn significant attention fornanoelectronic and sensingapplications. A hybrid technology where molecular devices are integratedwith traditional semiconductor microelectronics is a particularly promising approach for these applications. Key challengesin this area include developing devices in which the molecular integrity is preserved, developing in situcharacterization techniques toprobe the molecules within the completed devices, and determining the physical processes that influence carrier transport. In this study, we present thefirst experimental report of inelasticelectron tunnelingspectroscopy of integrated metal-molecule-silicon devices with molecules assembled directlyto silicon contacts. The results provide directexperimental confirmation that the chemical integrity of the monolayer is preserved and that the molecules play a direct role in electronic conduction through the devices.Spectra obtainedunder varying measurement conditions show differences relatedto thesilicon electrode, which can providevaluable information about the physics influencing carrier transport in these molecule/Si hybrid devices.
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Probing molecules in integrated _silicon-molecule-metal_ _junctions_ by inelastic tunneling _spectroscopy._ Molecular electronics _has_ drawn _significant_ attention for nanoelectronic and sensing applications. A hybrid _technology_ where molecular devices are integrated _with_ traditional semiconductor _microelectronics_ is a particularly promising approach for these _applications._ Key challenges in this area include _developing_ _devices_ in which the molecular integrity is preserved, developing in situ characterization techniques _to_ probe the molecules within _the_ completed devices, and determining the physical processes that influence _carrier_ transport. In this study, we present the _first_ experimental _report_ of _inelastic_ _electron_ _tunneling_ spectroscopy of integrated _metal-molecule-silicon_ devices with molecules assembled directly to silicon contacts. The _results_ provide direct _experimental_ confirmation _that_ _the_ chemical integrity _of_ the _monolayer_ is _preserved_ and _that_ the molecules play a _direct_ role in _electronic_ conduction through the _devices._ Spectra obtained under varying measurement conditions show _differences_ _related_ to the silicon _electrode,_ which can provide valuable information about the physics influencing carrier _transport_ in _these_ molecule/Si hybrid devices.
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Prevalence of varicocoele and its association with body mass index among 39,559 rural men in eastern China: a population-based cross-sectional study.
Varicocoele is a common cause of male infertility. We undertook a population-based cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of varicocoele among rural men in eastern China and its association with body mass index. A total of 39,559 rural men in six counties in Beijing, Guangdong and Shandong provinces were recruited from 2011 to 2012. The presence and severity of varicocoele were measured by physical examinations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between varicocoele and body mass index after adjusting for possible confounders. Varicocoele was diagnosed in 1911 of 39,559 participants with an overall prevalence of 4.83%. The prevalence of varicocoele was highest in underweight (6.29%) and lowest in obese patients (3.71%, p < 0.05). The prevalence also decreased as body mass index increased in all three varicocoele grades. In multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for region, age, height, occupation, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, body mass index was still inversely and independently associated with varicocoele (p < 0.001). Compared with normal weight men, underweight men (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10-1.63) were more likely to have varicocoele, whereas overweight men (OR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.99) and obese men (OR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.97) were less likely to have varicocoele. This study revealed that the prevalence of varicocoele was 4.83% among rural men in eastern China; body mass index was inversely and independently associated with the presence of varicocoele. Future efforts should be made to validate the risk factors for varicocoele and strengthen the prevention and treatment of varicocoele, especially in underweight men.
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prevalence of varicocoele and its association with body mass index among 39, 559 rural men in eastern china : a population - based cross - sectional studies. varicocoele is a common cause of male infertility. we undertook a population - based cross - sectional study we evaluate the prevalence of varicocoele among rural men in eastern china and its involvement with body mass index. a total of 39, 559 rural men in six counties in beijing, shandong and shandong provinces were recruited from 2011 to 2012. the presence variable severity of varicocoele were measured by physical examinations. univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between varicocoele and body mass index after adjusting for possible confounders. varicocoele was diagnosed in 1911 of 39, 559 patients with an overall prevalence of 4. 83 %. the prevalence of varicocoele was highest in underweight ( 6. 29 % ) and lowest in obese patients ( 3. 71 %, p < 0. 05 ). the prevalence also decreased as body mass index increased in all three varicocoele grades. in multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for region, age, height, occupation, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, body mass index was still inversely and independently associated with varicocoele ( p < 0. 001 ). individuals with normal weight men, underweight men ( or = 1. 34 ; 95 % ci, 1. 10 - 1. 63 ) were more likely to have varicocoele, whereas overweight men ( or = 0. 88 ; 95 % ci, 0. 79 - 0. 99 ) and obese men ( or = 0. 75 ; 95 % ci, 0. 58 - 0. 97 ) were less likely to have varicocoele. this study revealed that the prevalence of diabetes was 4. 83 % among rural men in northeast china ; body mass index was similarly and independently associated with the presence of varicocoele. future efforts should be made to validate the risk factors for varicocoele and strengthen the prevention and treatment of varicocoele, especially in underweight men.
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Prevalence of varicocoele and its association with body mass index among 39, 559 rural men in eastern China: a population - based cross - sectional study. VSrixocoele is a common cause of male infertility. We undertook a population - based cross - sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of varicocoele among rural men in eastern China and its association with body mass index. A total of 39, 559 rural men in six counties in Beijing, Guangdong and Shandong provinces were recruited from 2011 to 2012. The presence and severity of varicocoele were measured by physical examinations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between varicocoele and body mass index after adjusting for possible confounders. caricocoel2 was diagnosed in 1911 of 39, 559 participants with an oDefall prevalence of 4. 83% . The prevalence of varicocoele was UighesY in underweight (6. 29%) and lowest in obese patients (3. 71% , p <0. 05 ). The prevalence also decreased as body mass index increased in all three varicocoele grades. In multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for region, age, height, occ&patJon, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, body mass index was still inversely and independently associated with varicocoele (p <0. 001 ). Compared wO4h normal weight men, underweight men (OR = 1. 34; 95% CI, 1. 10 - 1. 63) were more likely to have varicocoele, whereas overweight men (OR = 0. 88; 95% CI, 0. 79 - 0. 99) and obese men (OR = 0. 75; 95% CI, 0. 58 - 0. 97) were less likely to have vaficocoel@. This study revealed that the prevalence of varicocoele was 4. 83% among rural men in eastern China; body mass iJRex was inversely and independently associated with the presence of varicocoele. Future efforts should be made to validate the risk factors for varicocoele and strengthen the preGenYion and treatment of va3icoSoele, especially in underweight men.
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Prevalence varicocoele and its association with body mass among 39,559 men in China: a population-based cross-sectional study. a cause of male infertility. We undertook a population-based cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence among rural men in eastern China and its association with body mass index. A total of rural men in six counties in Beijing, Guangdong and Shandong provinces were recruited from 2011 to 2012. The presence and severity of varicocoele were measured by physical examinations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between varicocoele and body mass index after adjusting for possible confounders. Varicocoele was diagnosed in 1911 of 39,559 participants with an overall prevalence of 4.83%. The prevalence of varicocoele was underweight (6.29%) and lowest in obese patients < 0.05). prevalence also decreased as body mass increased in all three varicocoele grades. In multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for region, age, height, occupation, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, body mass index was still and independently associated with varicocoele (p < 0.001). Compared with normal weight men, underweight men (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10-1.63) more likely to have varicocoele, whereas overweight men (OR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.99) and obese men (OR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.97) were less likely to have varicocoele. This study revealed that the prevalence of varicocoele was 4.83% rural men eastern China; body mass index was inversely and associated the presence of varicocoele. Future efforts should risk factors for and strengthen the prevention and treatment of varicocoele, especially in underweight men.
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PREvALeNCe oF VaRICOCoELE aND iTS asSOCiATIOn wITh bOdY MaSs iNdex aMonG 39,559 rURAL Men iN eASTERn CHInA: a poPuLATIon-baSEd CRoSs-SeCTIOnaL STUdY.
vAriCocOele iS a COMMOn Cause Of MAlE InfERtilIty. wE UNDErtOOk a PopUlatIOn-BASeD CRosS-SectIonal StuDy TO EVAluaTE The prEvaLeNcE Of varIcOcOELE amONg rURaL mEn In easTERN chInA anD ItS asSOCIAtioN WIth bOdY mass iNdeX. A TOTAl of 39,559 rURal MEn iN sIx coUNtIES iN beIjinG, GUANGDONg anD shandong pROVInCES weRe rECrUiTed fRom 2011 TO 2012. THe PResencE ANd SEvEriTY Of varICocOElE WErE meaSuRed By PHySiCAL exaMInationS. uniVArIaTe aNd MULTIvaRIATe lOgIstiC rEgreSSiOn modeLs WERE coNstRuCtED tO AsSEsS THE asSocIaTion bETWeEn VARiCocoelE AnD bOdy MAss IndEx AFtEr ADJUsTiNg fOr poSsIbLe COnFOUNDERS. vARicoCOelE wAs DiaGNosED in 1911 OF 39,559 PartICIpaNtS wiTH an OveraLl PrevAlencE Of 4.83%. The PrevalEnCe of vaRIcOCoele Was HiGhEST IN uNDeRWEiGHT (6.29%) and lOwESt in OBese PatieNts (3.71%, p < 0.05). tHe pREVALeNCe aLSO dECreAseD As bOdY MaSS INdex INCreaSED In all ThreE varICoCoeLE GrADes. in mUlTIVaRiaTe LOgISTIc reGREsSiOn aNaLYsIS AFTeR ADjusTing FOR regiOn, aGE, HeIGHt, ocCUPAtION, cIGAreTTE SMOkIng aNd alCOHOL cOnSumPtion, BODy masS inDeX was stiLl inversELy aNd IndepenDENtLY associaTEd wiTH VariCocOELE (P < 0.001). CoMpaReD wItH NOrMAl weigHT MeN, unDeRwEIght mEn (OR = 1.34; 95% Ci, 1.10-1.63) WErE mOre lIKely TO HAve VARICocOelE, wHEreAS OvErWeight MEN (Or = 0.88; 95% ci, 0.79-0.99) AND oBesE mEn (OR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.97) WErE LesS liKely tO HAvE VarIcoCoElE. thIs StuDy REvEaLeD tHaT the PReValEnCE oF VARiCOCOele was 4.83% amoNG rURAl men IN eaSteRn ChinA; bodY MAsS iNdeX WAS InVERSely And INDEPenDeNTLY AsSoCIATeD WITH tHE PReSencE oF VArICOCoele. future efFOrts Should be mAdE tO VALiDatE ThE RIsK facTorS FoR vaRICoCOeLE and StrENgtHEN THE PreVeNTiOn AND TrEAtMent oF VAriCOcOeLE, eSPECIALLy iN UndErweIGHT mEn.
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Prevalence of varicocoele and its association with body mass index among 39,559 rural men in eastern China: a population-based cross-sectional study. Varicocoele is a common causeof male infertility. Weundertook a population-based cross-sectional study to evaluate theprevalenceof varicocoele amongrural men in eastern China and itsassociation with body massindex. A totalof39,559 rural menin six countiesin Beijing, Guangdong and Shandong provinces wererecruited from 2011 to 2012. The presenceand severity of varicocoele were measured by physical examinations. Univariate and multivariate logisticregression models were constructedto assess the association between varicocoele and body mass index after adjustingfor possible confounders. Varicocoele was diagnosed in 1911 of 39,559 participants with an overall prevalenceof 4.83%.The prevalence of varicocoele was highest in underweight(6.29%) and lowest inobese patients (3.71%, p < 0.05). The prevalence also decreased as body mass index increased in all three varicocoele grades. In multivariate logistic regression analysisafter adjusting for region, age, height, occupation, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, body mass index wasstill inversely and independentlyassociated with varicocoele (p < 0.001). Compared with normal weight men, underweight men (OR = 1.34; 95% CI,1.10-1.63) were morelikely to have varicocoele, whereas overweight men (OR = 0.88;95%CI, 0.79-0.99) and obese men (OR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.97) were less likelyto have varicocoele.This study revealed that the prevalence of varicocoele was4.83% among rural men in easternChina; body mass index was inversely and independently associatedwith the presence of varicocoele. Future efforts should be made to validate the risk factors forvaricocoele and strengthen the prevention and treatment of varicocoele,especially in underweight men.
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Prevalence _of_ varicocoele and its _association_ with body mass index among 39,559 rural men in eastern _China:_ a population-based cross-sectional _study._ Varicocoele _is_ a common cause of male infertility. We undertook a population-based cross-sectional study _to_ evaluate the prevalence of varicocoele _among_ _rural_ men in _eastern_ _China_ and its association with body mass index. A total of 39,559 rural men in six _counties_ in Beijing, Guangdong _and_ Shandong _provinces_ _were_ recruited from 2011 to 2012. The presence and severity of varicocoele were measured by physical examinations. _Univariate_ and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between varicocoele _and_ body _mass_ index after adjusting for possible confounders. Varicocoele was diagnosed in _1911_ of _39,559_ participants with an overall prevalence of _4.83%._ The _prevalence_ of varicocoele _was_ highest in underweight (6.29%) and lowest in obese _patients_ (3.71%, _p_ < 0.05). The prevalence _also_ decreased as body mass index increased in all _three_ varicocoele grades. In multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for region, age, height, occupation, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, body mass index was still inversely and _independently_ associated with _varicocoele_ (p < _0.001)._ Compared with normal _weight_ men, _underweight_ men _(OR_ = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10-1.63) _were_ more likely to have varicocoele, whereas overweight men (OR = 0.88; _95%_ CI, 0.79-0.99) and obese men (OR = _0.75;_ _95%_ CI, _0.58-0.97)_ were _less_ _likely_ to have varicocoele. This study revealed that _the_ prevalence of varicocoele was 4.83% among rural _men_ in _eastern_ China; _body_ mass _index_ was inversely and independently associated with the presence of varicocoele. Future efforts should be made to validate the risk factors for varicocoele and strengthen the prevention and treatment _of_ varicocoele, especially _in_ underweight _men._
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Methylglyoxal activates NF-κB nuclear translocation and induces COX-2 expression via a p38-dependent pathway in synovial cells.
There is growing evidence of an increased prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) among people with diabetes. Synovial inflammation and increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are two key features of patients with OA. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a common intermediate in the formation of advanced glycation end-products, and its concentration is also typically higher in diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of the treatment of different MGO concentrations to rabbit HIG-82 synovial cells on COX-2 expression. The MGO induced COX-2 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The MGO induced COX-2 protein production and its signaling pathways were detected by western blotting. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation by MGO was examined by immunofluorescence. In the present study, we find that MGO has no toxic effects on rabbit synovial cells under the experimental conditions. Our analysis demonstrates that MGO induced COX-2 mRNA and protein production. Moreover, MGO induces p38-dependent COX-2 protein expression as well as the phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K; however, inhibition of JNK and Akt/mTOR/p70S6K phosphorylations further activates COX-2 protein expression. Furthermore, MGO is shown to activate of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation. Our results suggest that MGO can induce COX-2 expression via a p38-dependent pathway and activate NF-κB nuclear translocation in synovial cells. These results provide insight into the pathogenesis of the synovial inflammation under the diabetic condition associated with higher MGO levels.
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charcoal activates nf - κb nuclear translocation and induces cox - 2 expression via a p38 - dependent pathway in synovial cells. there is growing evidence of an increased prevalence of osteoarthritis ( oa ) among people with diabetes. synovial inflammation and increased expression of cyclooxygenase - 2 ( cox - 2 ) are two key features of patients with oa. methylglyoxal ( mgo ) is a common intermediate in the formation of advanced glycation end - products, and its concentration is also typically higher in diabetes. in this case, we investigated the effects of the treatment of different mgo concentrations to rabbit hig - 82 synovial cells on cox - 2 expression. the mgo induced cox - 2 mrna expression was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. the mgo induced cox - 2 protein production and its signaling pathways were detected by western blotting. the nuclear factor - kappa b ( nf - κb ) nuclear translocation by mgo was examined by researchers. in the present study, we find that mgo has no toxic effects on rabbit synovial cells under the experimental conditions. our analysis demonstrates that mgo induced cox - 2 mrna and protein production. moreover, mgo induces p38 - dependent cox - 2 protein expression even well as the phosphorylations of extracellular signal - regulated kinase, c - jun n - terminal kinase ( jnk ), and mg / α target of rapamycin ( mtor ) / p70s6k ; however, inhibition of jnk and akt / mtor / p70s6k phosphorylations further activates cox - 2 cell expression. furthermore, mgo is shown to activate of nuclear factor - kappa b ( nf - κb ) nuclear translocation. our results suggest that mgo can induce cox - 2 expression via a p38 - dependent pathway and activate α - kappa nuclear translocation in synovial cells. these tests provide insight into the pathogenesis of the synovial inflammation under the diabetic condition associated with higher mgo levels.
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Methylglyoxal activates NF - κB nuclear translocation and induces COX - 2 expression via a p38 - dependent pZtTway in synovial cSl;s. There is growing evidence of an increased prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) among o2ople with diabetes. Synovial inflammation and increased expression of cyclooxygenase - 2 (COX - 2) are two key features of patients with OA. Me5hylglyoAal (MGO) is a common intermediate in the formation of advanced glycation end - products, and its concentration is also typically higher in diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of the treatment of different MGO concentrations to rabbit HIG - 82 synovial cells on COX - 2 expression. The MGO induced COX - 2 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The MGO induced COX - 2 protein production and its signaling pathways were detected by western blotting. The nuclear factor - kappa B (NF - κB) nuclear translocation by MGO was examined by immunofluorescence. In the present study, we find that MGO has no toxic effects on Tsbbit synovial cells under the experimeBta/ conditions. Our analysis demonstrates that MGO induced COX - 2 mRNA and protein produDtLon. Moreover, MGO induces p38 - dependent COX - 2 protein expression as well as the phosphorylations of extracellulsF signal - regulated kinase, c - Jun N - terminal kinase (JNK ), and Akt / mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) / p70S6K; however, inhibition of JNK and Akt / mTOR / p70S6K phosphorylations further activates COX - 2 protein expression. Furthermore, MGO is shown to activate of nuclear factor - kappa B (NF - κB) nuclear translocation. Our results suggest that MGO can induce COX - 2 expression via a p38 - dependent pathway and activate NF - κB nuclear translocation in synpv&al cells. These results provide insight into the pathogenesis of the synovial inBlammatioJ under the diabetic condition associated with higher MGO levels.
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Methylglyoxal activates NF-κB nuclear translocation and induces COX-2 expression via a pathway in synovial cells. There is growing evidence of increased prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) among with diabetes. Synovial inflammation and increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are two key features of patients with OA. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a common intermediate in the of advanced glycation end-products, its concentration is also typically higher in In study, we investigated the effects of treatment different MGO concentrations to rabbit HIG-82 synovial cells on COX-2 expression. The MGO induced COX-2 mRNA expression was detected quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The MGO induced COX-2 protein production its signaling pathways were detected by western blotting. The factor-kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation by MGO was examined by immunofluorescence. In the present study, we find that MGO has no toxic effects rabbit synovial cells under the experimental conditions. Our analysis demonstrates that MGO induced COX-2 mRNA and protein production. Moreover, MGO induces p38-dependent COX-2 protein expression as the phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition of JNK and Akt/mTOR/p70S6K phosphorylations further activates COX-2 expression. Furthermore, MGO shown to activate of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation. Our results suggest that MGO can induce COX-2 expression via a p38-dependent pathway activate NF-κB nuclear translocation in synovial cells. These results provide into the pathogenesis of synovial inflammation diabetic condition associated with higher MGO levels.
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MetHYlGlYOxaL ActivAtes nf-κb NUcLeAR TRANsLOCaTiOn aND iNdUCEs Cox-2 EXPrESsiON via A P38-dEPenDEnt paTHwAY in SYnOViAl cElls.
THEre iS GrOwiNg evIdencE Of AN INCrEASED PRevaLenCe Of OSTeoArtHriTiS (oa) AMoNG PEOPLe WITh DIAbEtEs. syNoviAl InflammatiON AnD iNcreaSeD ExpRESSiON of cycloOXyGenASe-2 (coX-2) Are two KEy featURES of pATiEnts wItH oa. MethYLglYOxal (mGo) is a COmMon INtErMEdiaTE IN The FOrmatIon oF ADvANcED GlyCAtIOn eND-prOducTs, And ITs cONCENtrAtIoN Is aLso typICaLLy HigHeR iN diaBetes. In ThIS STudy, We inVEstigATEd THe efFeCts oF tHE tREaTmeNT Of DiFFerEnT Mgo ConceNtRATioNS tO RabbIt hIg-82 SYnovIAl CElls on coX-2 ExpREssiOn. tHE mgo iNdUCEd coX-2 mrNA expRESsIon was Detected BY quAntITATiVE PoLYmerAsE CHAiN REaCTIoN. thE Mgo iNdUCED COx-2 ProteIn pRODUctiOn ANd ITS sIgNALiNg PATHwaYS WEre dEteCTeD BY WEStErN bloTTiNg. The nUclear FActoR-KAPpA b (NF-Κb) nucLEAr TrAnslOcaTIoN by MGo wAS ExAmIneD by imMUNOFlUOrEsCENcE. IN tHe pRESent sTuDY, wE FInD ThAT mGo hAs nO ToXIC EfFectS On RABBiT synoviAL CElLS uNdER The ExPERIMeNTAl coNditIONs. oUR ANalYSiS DEmoNsTRATES ThAT mGo inducEd cox-2 MrnA aND Protein pRODuCTiON. moreOVeR, MgO InDucES P38-dePENDeNT cox-2 prOtEIn ExpReSsiON As WElL AS the PHoSPhORylAtiONs oF eXTracElLuLAR SiGNaL-ReGulateD kinASE, C-jUn N-tERmINaL kINase (Jnk), anD Akt/MaMmAliAn TARGeT of RapAmYCiN (MTor)/P70S6k; hoWevEr, INHIbITIon of Jnk AnD AKT/MtoR/P70S6K PhOspHOrYLAtIOns FuRTHEr acTIVaTEs cOx-2 prOTEiN eXprEsSioN. fURTHeRMoRe, mGo is SHowN tO activaTe of NUclEaR fACtOr-kAPPA b (Nf-ΚB) NuCLEAR TRaNslOCATiON. Our RESuLTs SuGgEST thaT mGo can inDUCE cOX-2 ExpREssIOn VIA A p38-depenDEnT PatHway ANd ACTiVAtE NF-κB NucLeAR tRanSlocaTIon in sYNoVial celLs. THesE rEsUltS PrOvIdE iNsIGHT INto thE PATHoGenEsis Of THE sYNOVial INflAMMaTIon UnDEr the diaBETIC cONdItion aSSoCIATeD With higHeR Mgo LevELs.
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Methylglyoxalactivates NF-κB nuclear translocation and induces COX-2 expressionvia a p38-dependent pathway in synovial cells. There is growing evidence of an increased prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) among people with diabetes. Synovial inflammation and increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) are two key features ofpatients with OA. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a common intermediate in the formation of advanced glycation end-products, and its concentration is also typically higher in diabetes. Inthis study, we investigated the effects of the treatment of different MGO concentrations to rabbit HIG-82 synovial cells on COX-2 expression. The MGO inducedCOX-2mRNA expression was detected by quantitative polymerase chainreaction. The MGO induced COX-2 protein production andits signaling pathways were detectedby western blotting. The nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) nuclear translocation by MGO was examined byimmunofluorescence. In the present study,we find that MGO hasno toxic effectson rabbit synovial cells under the experimentalconditions. Our analysis demonstrates thatMGO induced COX-2mRNA and protein production.Moreover,MGO induces p38-dependent COX-2 protein expression as wellasthe phosphorylationsof extracellularsignal-regulatedkinase, c-Jun N-terminalkinase (JNK), and Akt/mammalian targetofrapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K; however, inhibition of JNK and Akt/mTOR/p70S6K phosphorylationsfurtheractivates COX-2 protein expression. Furthermore, MGO is shown to activate of nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB) nuclear translocation. Our results suggestthat MGO can induce COX-2 expression via a p38-dependentpathway and activate NF-κB nuclear translocation in synovial cells. These results provide insight into the pathogenesisof the synovial inflammation under the diabetic condition associated with higher MGO levels.
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Methylglyoxal activates NF-κB nuclear translocation and induces _COX-2_ expression via a _p38-dependent_ pathway in synovial cells. There is growing evidence _of_ an increased prevalence of _osteoarthritis_ (OA) among people with diabetes. Synovial inflammation and increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are _two_ _key_ features of patients _with_ OA. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a common intermediate in the formation of advanced _glycation_ end-products, and its concentration is also typically _higher_ in diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of _the_ treatment _of_ different MGO concentrations to rabbit HIG-82 synovial cells on COX-2 expression. The MGO induced COX-2 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The _MGO_ induced _COX-2_ protein _production_ and its signaling pathways were detected by _western_ blotting. The nuclear factor-kappa _B_ (NF-κB) _nuclear_ translocation by MGO _was_ examined by _immunofluorescence._ In the present study, we find that _MGO_ has no _toxic_ effects on rabbit synovial cells _under_ _the_ experimental _conditions._ Our analysis demonstrates that _MGO_ induced _COX-2_ mRNA and protein production. _Moreover,_ MGO _induces_ p38-dependent COX-2 _protein_ _expression_ as _well_ as _the_ phosphorylations of _extracellular_ signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun _N-terminal_ kinase _(JNK),_ and Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K; however, inhibition of JNK and Akt/mTOR/p70S6K phosphorylations further activates COX-2 protein expression. _Furthermore,_ MGO is shown to activate of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation. Our results suggest that MGO can induce COX-2 expression via a p38-dependent pathway and activate NF-κB nuclear translocation in synovial cells. These _results_ provide insight _into_ the pathogenesis of the synovial inflammation under the diabetic condition associated with higher _MGO_ levels.
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[A meningioma in the posterior fossa without dural attachment: case report].
An extremely rare case of a meningioma in the posterior fossa without dural attachment has been reported. The patient was a 56-year-old male whose chief manifestation was the abnormality of his CT scan. His past history included gastric and colonic polyp when he was 54, 55 years old, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma before hospitalization in our department. CT scan showed a small round non-enhancing lesion located at the lateral site of the right cerebellar cortex. T1 weighted image of MRI showed a homogeneous low intensity lesion with partial enhancing with Gd-DTPA. Proton image showed a remarkable low intensity lesion which showed an extramedullary mass. Right retromastoid craniectomy was performed. The mass was an extramedullary tumor which had no relation with the cerebellar cortex and dura matter. The arachnoid membrane around the tumor was intact. The tumor was totally resected and the patient had no neurological deficits. Histopathologically, the tumor was delineated into laminar structures by collagen fiber. Tumor cells were spindle in shape and made a whorling formation. There was no psammoma body and it had a hyperchromatic nuclei without mitotic features. Electron microscopic studies revealed no typical interdigitation but irregularity of the cell membrane. Abundant collagen fibers were in contact with basement membrane of the tumor. According to these findings, we diagnosed fibroblastic meningioma with atypical forms. Meningiomas without dural attachment are rare in adults, especially extremely rare of the posterior fossa. There are only 23 previous reports of "meningioma of the posterior fossa without dural attachment". Cantore divided these meningiomas into three groups (IV ventricle, inferior tela choroidea and cisterna magna).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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[ a meningioma in the posterior fossa without dural attachment : case report ]. one extremely rare case of a meningioma in the posterior fossa without dural attachment has been reported. the patient was a 56 - year - old male whose chief manifestation was the abnormality of his ct scan. his past history included gastric and colonic polyp when he was 54, 55 years old, and non - child ' s lymphoma before hospitalization in pediatric department. ct scan showed distinct partial round non - enhancing lesion located at the lateral site of our right cerebellar cortex. t1 weighted image of mri showed a homogeneous low intensity lesion with partial enhancing with gd - dtpa. proton image showed a remarkable low intensity lesion which showed an extramedullary mass. right retromastoid craniectomy was performed. the mass was an extramedullary tumor which had no relation toward the cerebellar cortex and dura matter. the arachnoid membrane around the tumor was intact. the tumor was totally resected and the patient had no neurological deficits. histopathologically, the tumor was delineated into laminar structures by collagen fiber. tumor cells were spindle in shape and made a whorling formation. there was extensive psammoma body and therefore had a hyperchromatic nuclei without mitotic features. electron microscopic studies revealed no typical interdigitation but irregularity of the cell membrane. abundant collagen fibers were in contact with basement membrane of the tumor. according to these findings, we diagnosed fibroblastic meningioma with atypical forms. meningiomas without dural attachment are rare in adults, especially extremely rare of the posterior fossa. there are only two previous reports of " meningioma of the posterior fossa without dural attachment ". cantore divided these meningiomas into three groups ( iv ventricle, inferior tela choroidea and cisterna magna ). ( abstract truncated at 250 words )
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[ A meningioma in the posterior fossa without dural attachment: case report ]. An extremely rqr4 case of a meningioma in the posterior fossa without dural attachment has been reported. The pa%uent was a 56 - year - old male whose chief manifestation was the abnormality of his CT scan. His past history included gastric and colonic polyp when he was 54, 55 years old, and non - Hodgkin ' s lymphoma before hoCpltalization in our de0artmRnt. CT scan showed a small round non - enhancing lesion located at the lateral site of the right cerebellar cortex. T1 weighted image of MRI showed a homogeneous low intensity lesion with partial enhancing with Gd - DTPA. Proton image showed a remarkable low intensity lesion which showed an extramedullary HaZs. Right retrP,astoid craniectomy was performed. The mass was an extramedullary tumor which had no relation with the cerebellar cortex and dura matter. The arachnoid membrane around the tumor was intact. The tumor was totally resected and the patient had no neurological deficits. Histopathologically, the tumor was delineated into laminar structures by collagen fiber. Tumor cells were spindle in shape and made a whorling f(rmafion. There was no psammoma body and it had a hyperchromatic nuclei without mitotic features. Electron microscopic studies revealed no typical interdigitation but irregularity of the cell membrane. Abundant collagen fibers were in contact with basement membrane of the tumor. According to these findings, we diagnosed fibrovlaxtic meningioma with atypical forms. Meningiomas without dural attachment are rare in adults, especially extremely rare of the posterior f*ssS. There are only 23 previous reports of " meningioma of the pLsterjor fossa without dural attachment ". Cantore divided these meningiomas into three groups (IV ventricle, inferior tela choroidea and cisterna magna ). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )
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[A meningioma in the posterior without dural attachment: case report]. An extremely rare case of a meningioma in the posterior fossa without dural attachment has reported. The patient was a 56-year-old male whose chief was the abnormality of his CT scan. His past included gastric and colonic polyp when he was 54, 55 years old, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma before hospitalization in our department. CT scan showed a small round non-enhancing lesion located at lateral site of the cortex. T1 weighted image of MRI showed a homogeneous low intensity lesion with partial enhancing with Gd-DTPA. Proton image showed a remarkable low intensity lesion which showed an extramedullary mass. Right retromastoid craniectomy was The mass was an extramedullary tumor which had no relation with the cerebellar cortex and dura matter. The arachnoid around the tumor was intact. tumor was totally resected and the patient no neurological deficits. Histopathologically, the tumor was delineated into laminar structures by collagen fiber. Tumor cells were spindle in shape and made whorling formation. There was no psammoma body and it a hyperchromatic mitotic features. Electron microscopic revealed no typical interdigitation irregularity the cell membrane. collagen fibers were in contact with basement membrane of tumor. According these findings, we diagnosed fibroblastic meningioma with atypical forms. Meningiomas without dural are rare adults, especially extremely rare of the fossa. There only 23 previous reports of "meningioma of the posterior fossa without dural attachment". Cantore divided these meningiomas into three groups (IV ventricle, inferior tela choroidea and cisterna magna).(ABSTRACT 250 WORDS)
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[a MeNinGioma in the pOSTerIor fosSA wItHOut dUraL aTTAcHmEnT: CaSE RePORT].
AN ExTRemeLy RarE CASE oF A mENINgiomA IN The pOSterIOr fOsSA WiTHOUt durAL ATTaCHMEnT HAS BEen repORted. The pATiEnT Was a 56-yEar-OLD MAle WHOse CHiEF mAnifEStAtION WAs THe abNoRMaLITy Of hIs CT Scan. HIs PAST History iNclUDED gaStRic aNd cOlOniC pOlyP WheN he waS 54, 55 yEARS olD, ANd nOn-HodgKIn's lyMPHOma bEforE HoSpItaLiZATIOn iN oUR dePARtmEnt. Ct ScaN SHOwEd a smaLL ROund noN-enHAnCiNG lesiOn lOCatEd at tHe LATeraL SiTe OF tHe RigHT CERebelLAr cOrtEx. t1 wEigHTed iMAGe of Mri shoWed A HOmOGenEOus LOw INteNsIty lESIon WITH pArtIal EnhANcing WiTH Gd-DTpa. protOn IMaGe ShOWEd A RemaRkABle LoW intENsIty LEsIoN WHIcH showed aN EXtraMeDUllArY mASS. rIght ReTrOmAStoiD CRaNIeCtOMy waS PERfoRMED. tHE masS waS an ExTRAmeDULLarY tUmOR WhiCH HAD no RELAtIOn wITh THE CERebELLaR cOrtEX aND duRA mAtter. tHe arAChnoID MEMbrane AROuNd tHE tuMor WaS INtacT. thE tUMOR Was tOTalLy RESecteD aND ThE pAtIeNt HAd no neuROlOGICal defiCiTS. histOPAtHologICAlLy, tHE tumOr WAs DeLInEAtED INtO lAmInar StructUrES bY COlLAGEN FibER. TumOR ceLls weRe SpINdLe in Shape AND MaDe a WhOrlINg FORMaTIon. THERE was nO PsAmmomA Body aNd it Had A hYpercHrOmatic NucLeI wiTHOuT mItoTiC fEATUreS. ELECtroN MicroScoPiC stUdieS reVeALED no TypIcaL inteRDIgiTAtIOn BUt IrREgulARiTY OF THe CELl MeMBRanE. aBuNdanT colLaGEN fIbERs werE iN cONtACT wITH basemENT MemBRANe OF tHE tumOR. AcCOrDIng To thESE FIndiNgS, we diAgNOsed fIBRObLaStIc mENinGIOma WITh aTyPIcaL foRms. MENINgIoMAS WIthOuT DuRAl attaCHmenT ARe rARe In adulTs, esPecialLY extrEmElY RArE Of tHe pOsteRior FoSsA. theRE ArE oNly 23 PrEviOuS REporTS Of "MEniNGioMa OF thE PoSteRiOr FOsSA wItHoUt durAL atTAChmENT". CANtORe dIvIDEd THese MenINGiOMAS InTO thRee GROUPS (iv VeNtRiclE, INfErioR TeLa CHoroIDEA anD CiSTErNA MAGNA).(aBsTRaCt truncAtEd aT 250 WoRDs)
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[A meningiomain the posterior fossa without dural attachment: case report]. An extremely rare case of a meningioma in the posterior fossawithoutdural attachmenthas been reported. The patient was a 56-year-old male whose chief manifestation was the abnormalityofhisCTscan. His past history included gastric and colonic polyp when he was 54, 55 years old, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma before hospitalization in our department.CTscan showed a small round non-enhancing lesion located at thelateral site of the right cerebellar cortex. T1 weighted image of MRI showed a homogeneous low intensitylesion with partial enhancing with Gd-DTPA. Protonimage showed a remarkable low intensity lesion whichshowed anextramedullary mass. Right retromastoid craniectomywas performed. The mass was an extramedullary tumor which had no relation with the cerebellar cortex anddura matter. The arachnoid membrane around the tumor wasintact. The tumor was totallyresected andthe patient had no neurological deficits. Histopathologically, the tumorwas delineated into laminar structures bycollagen fiber. Tumor cells were spindlein shape and made a whorling formation. There wasnopsammoma body and it hadahyperchromaticnucleiwithout mitotic features. Electron microscopic studies revealedno typical interdigitation but irregularityof thecell membrane. Abundant collagen fiberswere in contact with basement membrane of the tumor. According to thesefindings, we diagnosed fibroblastic meningioma with atypical forms. Meningiomaswithout dural attachment are rare in adults, especially extremely rare of the posterior fossa. There are only 23previous reports of "meningioma of the posterior fossa without dural attachment". Cantore divided these meningiomas into three groups (IVventricle, inferiortelachoroidea and cisterna magna).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT250 WORDS)
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[A meningioma in _the_ posterior _fossa_ _without_ dural attachment: case report]. An _extremely_ _rare_ case of a _meningioma_ in _the_ posterior _fossa_ _without_ dural attachment has been reported. The patient was a 56-year-old male whose chief manifestation was the abnormality _of_ his _CT_ scan. His _past_ history included _gastric_ and _colonic_ polyp when he was 54, _55_ years old, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma before _hospitalization_ _in_ our department. CT scan showed _a_ _small_ round _non-enhancing_ _lesion_ located at the _lateral_ site of the right cerebellar cortex. T1 _weighted_ image of _MRI_ showed _a_ homogeneous low _intensity_ lesion with _partial_ enhancing with _Gd-DTPA._ Proton image showed a remarkable _low_ intensity lesion _which_ showed an _extramedullary_ _mass._ Right retromastoid craniectomy was _performed._ _The_ _mass_ _was_ an extramedullary tumor which had no relation with the cerebellar cortex and _dura_ matter. The arachnoid _membrane_ around the tumor _was_ _intact._ The _tumor_ was _totally_ resected and the patient had _no_ neurological _deficits._ Histopathologically, the tumor was delineated into laminar structures by _collagen_ fiber. Tumor cells were spindle _in_ shape and made a whorling _formation._ There _was_ no psammoma body and it had a hyperchromatic nuclei without _mitotic_ _features._ Electron microscopic studies revealed no _typical_ interdigitation but _irregularity_ of the cell membrane. _Abundant_ _collagen_ _fibers_ were in contact with _basement_ membrane of the tumor. _According_ to _these_ _findings,_ we diagnosed fibroblastic meningioma with atypical forms. Meningiomas _without_ dural _attachment_ are rare in _adults,_ especially _extremely_ _rare_ of the posterior fossa. There _are_ only _23_ previous reports of "meningioma of the posterior _fossa_ without dural attachment". Cantore divided these meningiomas into three groups (IV ventricle, inferior tela choroidea and _cisterna_ _magna).(ABSTRACT_ _TRUNCATED_ AT 250 _WORDS)_
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Genetic diversity studies of Brazilian garlic cultivars and quality control of garlic-clover production.
The garlic cultivars grown in Brazil evolved from somatic mutations and clone selection by breeding programs and by the introduction of germplasm from other countries. Morphological characters have been used to differentiate these cultivars. Two hundred and six random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were utilized for a diversity analysis of the 17 most planted garlic cultivars in Brazil. Bootstrap analysis showed that the number of markers was efficient and sufficient to obtain a coefficient of variation of 10%. Similarity varied between 16 and 98% and cluster analysis showed that, in general, genetic similarities correlate with morphological characters of the cultivars and production cycle variation. High bootstrap values at most of the nodes supported the dendrogram stability. The grouping of most varieties agreed well with previous reports based on morphological characters. As a vegetative-propagated species, viral diseases are a key problem regarding production and quality of the bulbs, causing gradual loss of yield and decrease in storage capacity. To improve the health quality of garlic seed, a virus-free stock of garlic cloves of the Amarante cultivar was obtained. The ability to distinguish garlic cultivars to detect varietal mixing after in vitro multiplication is extremely important, since correct identification is not possible until bulbs are produced. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were also used to differentiate cultivars while they are in vitro and not amenable to morphological discrimination. No difference was identified between the fingerprints of the virus-free or of the infected bulks of Amarante, showing that there was no clove mixing in the handling of material in the clonal multiplication phase.
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genetic diversity studies of brazilian garlic cultivars and quality control of garlic - clover production. the garlic cultivars grown outside brazil evolved from initial mutations and clone selection by breeding programs and by the introduction of germplasm from other countries. morphological characters have been used to differentiate these cultivars. two hundred and six random amplified polymorphic dna markers were utilized for a diversity examination of the 17 newly planted garlic cultivars in brazil. bootstrap analysis showed that the number of markers was efficient and sufficient to obtain a coefficient of variation of 10 %. similarity varied between 16 ≤ 98 % and cluster analysis showed that, in general, genetic similarities correlate with morphological characters of the cultivars and production cycle variation. high bootstrap values at most of the nodes supported the dendrogram stability. the grouping of most varieties agreed well with previous reports based on morphological characters. as a vegetative - propagated species, genetic diseases are a key problem regarding production and quality of the bulbs, causing gradual loss of yield and decrease in reproduction capacity. to improve the health quality of garlic seed, a virus - free stock of garlic cloves of the amarante cultivar was obtained. the ability to distinguish garlic cultivars to detect varietal mixing after in vitro identification is extremely important, since correct identification is not possible until bulbs are produced. random amplified polymorphic dna markers were also used to differentiate cultivars while they are in vitro and not amenable to morphological variation. no difference was identified between multiple fingerprints of the virus - free or of the infected bulks of amarante, showing that there was no clove mixing in the handling of material in the clonal multiplication phase.
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Genetic diversity st^diec of Brazilian garlic cultivars and quality control of garlic - clover production. The garlic cultivars grown in Brazil evolved from somatic mutations and clone Xepection by breeding programs and by the introduction of germplasm from other countries. Morphological characters have been used to differentiate these cultivars. Two hundred and six random amplified polJmorphlc DNA markers were utilized for a diversity analysis of the 17 most planted garlic cultivars in Brazil. Bootstrap analysis showed that the number of markers was efficient and sufficient to obtain a coefficient of variation of 10% . Similarity varied between 16 and 98% and cluster analysis showed that, in general, genetic similarities correlate with mor9hologisal characters of the cultivars and pe*duction cycle variation. HUgB bootstrap values at mls% of the nodes supported the dendrogram stability. The grouping of most varieties agreed well with previous reports based on morphological characters. As a vegetative - propagated species, viral diseases are a key problem regarding production and quality of the bulbs, causing gradual loss of yield and decrease in storage capacity. To improve the health quality of garlic seed, a virus - free stock of garlic xl(ves of the Amarante cultivar was obtained. The ability to distinguish garlic cultivars to detect varietal mixing after in vitd0 multiplication is extremely important, since correct identification is not possible until bulbs are produced. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were also used to differentiate cultivars while they are in vitro and not amenable to morphological discrimination. No difference was identified between the fingerprints of the virus - free or of the infected bulks of Amarante, sho1&ng that there was no clove mixing in the handling of material in the clonal multiplication phase.
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Genetic diversity studies of Brazilian garlic and quality control of garlic-clover production. garlic cultivars grown Brazil evolved from mutations and clone by breeding programs and the introduction of germplasm from other countries. Morphological characters have been used to differentiate these cultivars. hundred and six random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were utilized for a diversity analysis of the 17 most planted garlic cultivars in Brazil. Bootstrap analysis showed that the number of markers was efficient and sufficient to obtain a of of 10%. Similarity varied and 98% cluster analysis showed that, in general, genetic similarities correlate with morphological characters of the cultivars and production cycle variation. High bootstrap values at most of the nodes supported the dendrogram stability. The grouping of most varieties well with previous based on morphological characters. As a vegetative-propagated species, viral diseases a key problem regarding production and quality of causing gradual loss of yield and decrease in storage capacity. To improve the quality of garlic seed, a virus-free stock of garlic cloves of the cultivar was obtained. The ability to distinguish garlic cultivars varietal mixing after vitro multiplication extremely important, since correct identification is not possible until bulbs are produced. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were also to differentiate cultivars while they are in vitro and not amenable to morphological discrimination. No difference was identified between the fingerprints of the virus-free or of the infected bulks of Amarante, showing that there no mixing in the handling of material in the multiplication phase.
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genEtiC divErSIty stUDIES OF BraziLIAN garLIC cULtiVARs AND quaLItY cOnTrol oF gArliC-cLOVER pRODUCTiOn.
The garlIC cUltIvarS gRoWN IN brAZIL EVolVEd fROM SOmatiC muTAtiOns anD cloNE sEleCTIoN By BREEDing PROgRAms And By THe INTRodUcTION Of gERmplASM fRom OThER coUnTriES. MorPHoLOgicAl cHARAcTErs haVe BEeN UsED TO dIFFeREnTiate theSE cUlTivArS. tWO hUNdRed And six RAndoM aMpLiFiEd pOLYMorpHIc DNA MARkERs WERe UTILIZEd foR a DIVeRsitY analySIS OF the 17 MosT PlAnTed gArLic cUlTivArS in BRazil. BOotsTrAp aNAlysis showed tHAT The nuMber OF MArKeRS wAs eFFiCIent aND SUffiCIEnt to oBTaIN A cOeffICIEnt oF VarIAtION of 10%. siMILARitY vaRIeD beTWeEn 16 aNd 98% ANd clUsTER ANAlysIs ShOwEd ThaT, in gENeRal, GEneTIc SIMilaRItieS correlAte wiTh MOrphOloGICAL ChaRACTErs Of the CulTiVARS aNd pRodUCTioN Cycle VarIaTIon. high BooTSTraP VALUeS at MOsT OF tHe NODes SuPpoRted THE dENDrOGrAm stAbiLity. thE GROuPiNg Of MOSt VarIEtIes AGrEed wELl WITh pREViOUs reportS bASEd on MORphOLoGicAL cHaRACterS. AS a vEgETatIve-PRoPAgatEd speCIEs, VIral DiSEASes ARE a KEY pROBlem reGArding pRoDUctIon AnD QuaLitY oF the bulBs, CAuSiNG GrADuaL loSs oF YIeld And DECreASE IN StoraGE caPACiTY. to iMPROvE tHE HealTH QuaLiTY oF Garlic seEd, A ViRuS-frEe stocK Of gaRlIc CLovES of the aMARaNtE CuLtIVar waS OBtaiNED. the aBiLITY To dISTInguIsH GaRliC cuLtIVars TO DETecT VARietAl miXiNg AfTEr IN VITRo mulTIPlicATIOn IS exTreMElY iMpOrtANT, SInCe corRECt IdeNTIFiCaTioN is NOt POSsiblE UntiL Bulbs ARe PrODuCed. rAndoM AmplifIEd PolymoRphiC dNa MArKeRs wEre alSo usED tO dIFFERENtIaTe cultivaRs WhilE theY Are In viTrO aNd not aMEnAble TO mOrPhOLogicaL diSCRIMiNatiOn. no dIFFEReNcE waS iDENTIFied beTweeN tHe FInGErpRiNTS Of the ViRUs-FrEE Or Of THE iNfeCTEd buLks OF AMaRante, Showing ThaT therE Was NO Clove mixINg IN tHE HaNDLiNg Of mATerial iN The CLONAL muLTIpLICAtIon pHaSE.
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Genetic diversity studiesof Brazilian garlic cultivars and quality control of garlic-clover production. Thegarlic cultivarsgrown in Brazil evolved from somatic mutations and clone selection by breeding programsand by the introduction of germplasm from other countries. Morphological characters havebeen used todifferentiate these cultivars. Two hundred andsix random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were utilized for a diversity analysis ofthe 17 most planted garlic cultivarsin Brazil. Bootstrap analysis showed that the number of markers was efficientand sufficient to obtain a coefficient of variation of 10%. Similarity varied between 16 and 98% and cluster analysis showed that, in general,geneticsimilarities correlate with morphological characters of the cultivars and production cycle variation. High bootstrapvalues atmost of the nodes supported the dendrogram stability. The grouping of most varietiesagreedwell with previous reports based on morphological characters.As a vegetative-propagated species, viral diseases are a key problem regarding production and quality ofthe bulbs, causing gradual loss of yield and decrease in storagecapacity. Toimprove the health quality of garlic seed, a virus-free stock of garlic cloves of the Amarante cultivarwas obtained. The abilityto distinguish garliccultivars to detect varietal mixing after in vitro multiplication is extremely important, since correct identification is notpossible until bulbs are produced. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were also usedto differentiatecultivars while they are invitro and notamenable to morphological discrimination.No difference was identified between the fingerprints of the virus-free or of theinfected bulks of Amarante,showing that there was no clove mixing in the handling of material in the clonal multiplication phase.
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_Genetic_ _diversity_ studies of Brazilian _garlic_ cultivars _and_ _quality_ control of garlic-clover production. The garlic cultivars _grown_ _in_ _Brazil_ _evolved_ _from_ _somatic_ _mutations_ and _clone_ selection by breeding _programs_ and by _the_ introduction of germplasm _from_ _other_ countries. Morphological characters _have_ been used to differentiate these cultivars. _Two_ hundred and six random _amplified_ polymorphic DNA _markers_ were utilized _for_ _a_ diversity analysis of the 17 most planted garlic cultivars in Brazil. Bootstrap analysis showed that _the_ number of markers _was_ efficient and sufficient to obtain _a_ coefficient of variation _of_ _10%._ Similarity varied between 16 and 98% and cluster analysis showed _that,_ in general, genetic similarities correlate with morphological characters of _the_ cultivars and production _cycle_ variation. High bootstrap values at _most_ _of_ the nodes supported the dendrogram stability. The grouping of most varieties agreed well with _previous_ reports based on morphological characters. As a vegetative-propagated species, viral diseases are a key _problem_ regarding production and quality of the bulbs, _causing_ gradual _loss_ of yield and decrease _in_ _storage_ capacity. To _improve_ the health quality of garlic seed, a virus-free _stock_ of garlic cloves of the Amarante _cultivar_ was obtained. _The_ ability to distinguish garlic _cultivars_ to _detect_ _varietal_ mixing after in vitro multiplication is extremely important, since correct identification is not possible until bulbs are produced. Random _amplified_ polymorphic _DNA_ markers were also _used_ to differentiate cultivars while they are _in_ vitro and _not_ amenable to morphological discrimination. No difference was identified between _the_ fingerprints of the virus-free _or_ of the infected bulks of Amarante, _showing_ that there was no clove mixing in the handling of material _in_ the clonal multiplication phase.
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Failure of covalently cross-linked human IgG myeloma subclass protein to release histamine from human leukocytes.
We have examined the ability of IgG subclass antibodies to release histamine from human leukocytes using covalently cross-linked oligomers of human myeloma proteins. Purified IgG1, G2, G3, G4, (or IgE) was incubated with dimethyl suberimidate to induce cross-linking. The resulting dimers, trimers, and higher molecular weight oligomers were isolated using gel filtration columns (Sephadex G200 and Ultrogel AcA 22) connected in tandem. None of the oligomers of IgG1, G2, G3, or G4 released histamine from leukocytes of donors whose basophils released histamine when challenged with IgE dimer. Furthermore, preincubation with subclass specific oligomers did not desensitize cells to challenge with IgE dimer or to anti-IgE. We conclude that, under our experimental conditions, oligomers of human IgG myeloma subclass antibodies do not trigger histamine release nor modulate IgE-mediated reactions.
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failure of covalently cross - bonded human igg myeloma candidate protein to release histamine from human leukocytes. we have determined the failure of igg subclass members to release histamine from human leukocytes using covalently cross - linked oligomers of human myeloma proteins. purified igg1, g2, b1, g4, ( or ige ) was incubated with dimethyl suberimidate to induce cross - linking. several resulting dimers, trimers, and higher molecular weight oligomers were isolated using gel filtration columns ( sephadex g200 and ultrogel aca 22 ) connected in tandem. none of the oligomers of igg1, g2, g3, or g4 released histamine from leukocytes of donors whose basophils released histamine when challenged with ige dimer. furthermore, preincubation with subclass specific oligomers did not desensitize cells to challenge with ige dimer or to anti - ige. we conclude that, under our experimental conditions, oligomers of human igg myeloma subclass antibodies do not promote histamine release may modulate ige - specific reactions.
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Failure of covalently cross - linked human IgG myeloma subclass protein to release histamine from human leukocytes. We have examibeR the ability of IgG subclass antibodies to release histamine from human leukocytes using covalently cross - linked oligomers of human mTeloka proteins. Purified IgG1, G2, G3, G4, (or IgE) was incubated with dimethyl aube5imidate to induce cross - linking. The resulting dimers, trimers, and GigGer molecular weight oligomers were iWolatRd using gel filtration cKlumMs (Sephadex G200 and Ultrogel AcA 22) connected in tandem. None of the oligomers of IgG1, G2, G3, or G4 released histamine from leukocytes of donors whose basophils released histamine when chaIl2nged with IgE dimer. Furthermore, preincubation with qubcoass specific kligo<ers did not desensitize ce,Ks to challenge with IgE dimer or to anti - IgE. We conclude that, under our experimental conditions, oligomers of human IgG myeloma subclass antibodies do not trigger histamine release nor modulate IgE - mediated reactions.
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Failure of covalently cross-linked IgG myeloma subclass protein to release histamine from human leukocytes. We have examined the ability of IgG subclass antibodies to release from human leukocytes covalently cross-linked of human myeloma proteins. Purified IgG1, G2, G3, G4, (or IgE) was incubated with dimethyl suberimidate to induce cross-linking. The resulting dimers, trimers, and higher molecular weight oligomers were using gel filtration columns G200 Ultrogel AcA 22) connected in tandem. None of the oligomers of IgG1, G2, G3, or G4 released histamine leukocytes of donors whose basophils released histamine when challenged with IgE dimer. Furthermore, with subclass specific oligomers did not cells to with IgE dimer or to anti-IgE. We conclude that, under our conditions, oligomers of human IgG myeloma antibodies do not trigger histamine release nor IgE-mediated reactions.
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FAIlUre Of COVAlenTlY cROSs-LINked huMaN IGg MyElOMA SubclaSS PRoTeIn To RelEase hISTAMINE fROm HUMAN leukoCYtes.
we HaVE eXAMinED thE AbIlIty oF IGg SUbclAsS antibODIes TO reLEasE hIstaMInE fROm huMAN LeUKOCYteS USiNg covaleNtly Cross-linked OLIgomeRs of HuMaN MyEloMA PrOtEIns. PURIFIEd igG1, G2, g3, G4, (Or Ige) was INCUBAtEd WIth DIMEtHyL SuBeRIMidaTe tO iNDuCE cROsS-LINKINg. the rESuLtiNg Dimers, TRiMErs, And HigHer MOlEculaR weiGHT oLigOMerS WerE iSOlated USinG gEl fiLTraTIoN ColUMnS (SEpHAdEx g200 AnD ultrOGeL aca 22) CONnECTed in taNDEm. NOne Of ThE OLiGOmERS Of igG1, g2, G3, OR G4 RelEASED HIStAmInE FROM LeUKOcytEs Of DONOrS wHoSE BAsophilS relEaSeD hisTAMINe whEn cHAllENgED WItH IGE dimeR. fuRthERmORe, pReincuBATIon WItH SUBclasS sPecifIc oLigomeRS DiD nOT deSEnsitize CeLLS to chAllENgE WItH igE DImEr or TO ANTI-IGE. WE conclUDe tHAT, under oUr eXperImeNtaL condItIOns, oLiGOmeRS oF HuMAn igG MYelOma sUbcLasS ANTIBOdiEs dO nOT TrIgGEr hiSTAmINE REleASE noR MODuLatE Ige-meDiated REAcTIOns.
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Failure of covalently cross-linked human IgG myelomasubclass protein to release histamine from human leukocytes. We haveexamined the ability of IgG subclass antibodies to release histamine from human leukocytes using covalently cross-linked oligomers ofhumanmyeloma proteins. Purified IgG1, G2, G3, G4, (or IgE) was incubated with dimethyl suberimidate to induce cross-linking. The resulting dimers, trimers,and higher molecular weight oligomers were isolated using gel filtration columns (Sephadex G200 and Ultrogel AcA 22) connected in tandem. None ofthe oligomers of IgG1, G2, G3, or G4 released histamine from leukocytes of donors whose basophils released histamine when challenged with IgE dimer. Furthermore, preincubation with subclass specific oligomers did notdesensitize cells to challenge with IgE dimer or to anti-IgE. We conclude that, under our experimental conditions, oligomers of human IgGmyeloma subclass antibodies do not trigger histamine release nor modulate IgE-mediated reactions.
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Failure _of_ covalently _cross-linked_ human IgG _myeloma_ _subclass_ protein to _release_ histamine from human leukocytes. We have examined the ability _of_ IgG subclass antibodies to release histamine from human leukocytes using _covalently_ cross-linked oligomers of human _myeloma_ _proteins._ Purified _IgG1,_ G2, _G3,_ G4, (or IgE) was _incubated_ _with_ dimethyl suberimidate to induce _cross-linking._ The resulting dimers, trimers, and _higher_ molecular weight oligomers were isolated using _gel_ filtration columns (Sephadex G200 and Ultrogel _AcA_ _22)_ connected in tandem. None of the oligomers of IgG1, G2, G3, or G4 _released_ _histamine_ from leukocytes _of_ donors whose basophils released _histamine_ _when_ _challenged_ with IgE dimer. Furthermore, preincubation with subclass _specific_ oligomers _did_ not desensitize cells _to_ challenge with IgE dimer or to _anti-IgE._ We _conclude_ that, under _our_ experimental conditions, _oligomers_ _of_ human IgG _myeloma_ subclass _antibodies_ do not trigger histamine _release_ nor _modulate_ IgE-mediated reactions.
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Cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine in children: data from benign rolandic epilepsy.
The effects of antiepileptic drugs on cognition are difficult to delineate, yet of critical importance for children with epilepsy. We investigated the cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine in children with benign rolandic epilepsy. Ten subjects with benign rolandic epilepsy were evaluated with and without carbamazepine treatment. Fourteen unmedicated subjects with migraine headache evaluated twice served as a control group. Subjects were 6 to 12 years of age, fluent in English, and not mentally retarded. We found that children with benign rolandic epilepsy were quicker on a visual-search task and recalled stories better when not treated than when treated with carbamazepine. After correction for multiple comparisons only the memory finding remained significant. Higher carbamazepine serum level was associated with slower performance on the same visual-search task. This latter finding did not meet multiple comparison criteria. Numerous significant practice effects were found within the control group. Comparisons with reliable change indices identified two subjects with benign rolandic epilepsy with particularly poor scores while receiving carbamazepine. These findings suggest some effects on memory from carbamazepine; however, they do not support meaningful dosage-related effects, within the recommended range. Significant practice effects confirmed the need to control for such effects when evaluating treatments. Finally, identification of two subjects who performed more poorly while on carbamazepine suggests that some children might experience particular difficulties while receiving this medication and highlights the need to investigate individual subject responses to treatment.
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cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine in children : data from benign rolandic epilepsy. the effects of antiepileptic drugs on cognition be difficult to delineate, yet indicates increased sensitivity for children with epilepsy. we investigated the cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine in children with benign rolandic epilepsy. ten subjects with benign rolandic epilepsy were evaluated with and without carbamazepine treatment. fourteen unmedicated people with migraine headache evaluated which served as a control group. subjects were 6 to 12 years of age, fluent in english, and not mentally retarded. we found that children with benign rolandic epilepsy were quicker on a visual - search task and recalled stories better when not treated than when treated with carbamazepine. after correction for accurate comparisons only the memory finding remained significant. higher carbamazepine serum level was associated with slower performance on the same visual - search task. this latter finding did not meet multiple comparison criteria. numerous significant practice effects were found within the control group. comparisons with reliable score indices identified two subjects with benign rolandic epilepsy with particularly poor scores while receiving carbamazepine. these findings suggest some effects on memory from carbamazepine ; however, they do not support meaningful dosage - related results, within the statistical range. significant practice effects confirmed the need to control for such effects when evaluating treatments. finally, identification of two subjects who performed more poorly while on carbamazepine suggests that some children might experience particular difficulties while receiving this medication and highlights the need to investigate individual subject responses to treatment.
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Cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine in children: data from benign rolandic epilepsy. The effects of aGtiepile9tic drugs on cognition are difficult to delineate, yet of critical importance for children with epilepsy. We investigated the cognitive and behavioral eGfectx of carbamazepine in children with benign rolandic epilepsy. Ten subjects with benign rolandic epilepsy were evaluated with and without carbamazepine treatment. Fourteen unmedicated subjects with migraine headache evaluated twice served as a control group. Subjects were 6 to 12 years of age, fluent in English, and not mentally retarded. We found that children with benign r*landjc epil2psh were quicker on a visual - search task and recalled stories better when not treated than when treated with carbamazepine. After correction for multiple comparisons only the memory finding remained significant. Higher carbamazepine serum level was associated with slower performance on the same visual - search task. This latter finding did not J#et multiple comparison criteria. Numerous significant practice effects were fLunr within the control group. Comparisons with reliable chajbe indices identified two subjects with benign rolandic epilepsy with particularly poor scores while r3ceivjng carbamazepine. Th3s@ findings suggest some effects on memory rr9m carbamazepine; however, they do not support meaningful dosage - related effects, within the recommended range. Significant practice effects confirmed the need to control for such effects when evaluating treatments. Finally, identification of two subjects who performed more poorly while on carbamazepine suggests that some children might experience particular difficulties while receiving this medication and highlights the need to investigate individual subject responses to treatment.
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and behavioral of carbamazepine in children: data benign rolandic epilepsy. The effects of antiepileptic drugs on cognition are difficult to delineate, yet of critical importance for children with epilepsy. We investigated the cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine children with benign rolandic epilepsy. Ten subjects with benign rolandic epilepsy were evaluated with and without carbamazepine treatment. Fourteen unmedicated subjects with migraine headache evaluated twice served as a group. Subjects were 6 to 12 years age, fluent in and not mentally retarded. We with benign rolandic epilepsy were quicker on a task recalled stories better when not than when treated with carbamazepine. After correction for multiple comparisons only memory remained significant. Higher carbamazepine serum level was associated with slower performance on the same visual-search task. This latter did not meet multiple comparison criteria. Numerous significant practice effects were found within the control group. Comparisons with reliable change indices identified two subjects with benign rolandic epilepsy with particularly poor scores while receiving carbamazepine. These findings suggest some on memory from carbamazepine; however, they do not support dosage-related effects, within the recommended range. Significant effects confirmed the need to for effects when evaluating treatments. Finally, identification of two subjects who more while on carbamazepine suggests that some children might experience particular difficulties receiving this medication and highlights the need to investigate individual subject responses to treatment.
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COgnItiVE anD BehaVIorAl eFFECTs of CARbAmAZEPINe In CHILdRen: dAtA fROM bEnign ROLAndic EPILepSy.
The EFfeCtS of anTIEpileptic drUGs ON COgNitIon aRE DIFficULT tO dELiNeaTe, yet Of CRiTical ImPortance fOr CHIlDrEN wITh EPIlEPSy. WE InVeSTiGATEd THe cOgniTIvE AND BehavIorAL eFFECts OF cARBaMazePine In CHildReN wItH benIgN rOLANDIC EPILePSY. tEN SuBjECtS WiTH benign ROLaNDIc ePIlepsY WeRE eValuated WITh anD wiThout carbAMAzEPiNe trEAtMenT. FOUrteeN unmEDICATeD suBJECtS wItH mIGRAInE HEADAcHe EvAlUATeD twice sERvEd as a contRoL GrouP. SUBJEctS WErE 6 to 12 yeaRs OF aGe, flUeNt iN eNgLIsh, aNd not MentALlY rETaRdeD. WE FounD thAT chIldREN WitH bENiGn RoLanDic epiLepsY WeRe quICkEr oN A visUal-SEArCh tAsk aNd RECALLed sTorIes bEtTeR wHen nOT tReATED ThaN WheN TReATED WItH CARbaMAzepiNe. AFTeR cOrRectION foR MultIple cOMPArisonS onLy THE MeMORy fiNdINg REMaiNED signifiCant. hIgheR CArBAmaZEPINe SeRUm LeveL WAS assOCIATeD WiTh SlOWeR pERfOrManCE on The SaME VisUal-sEARcH TASk. THIs laTTER FIndIng did nOt MEEt MulTiPlE coMPaRison cRiTeriA. NumErouS SIgNiFiCaNt pRActIce eFFECTS WEre FOUnD WIthin thE CONTroL gROup. comPArIsons WiTH RELIABLe CHAngE IndiCeS IDeNtiFieD TWO sUbjecTS WItH benIGN rolANdIc ePILePSy WItH PaRtIcULArlY pOOr ScOrES whILe recEIvinG caRBAMAZEpiNe. theSE fiNdiNgS SUGgEST sOmE EFFECTS oN MEmORy FroM caRBaMazepIne; hOWEveR, tHeY Do NoT sUPpOrT MeaNINgfUl DOSAge-RELaTeD eFFEcts, wIThin The rEcoMMEndED rAngE. siGnifIcaNT PRACTIcE EfFeCts ConfiRmEd The NEed tO CONTrOL fOR SUch efFEcTS whEN EVALuatING tREatMENTS. fiNallY, IDeNTiFicaTIoN of two SubjECTs WhO PErFoRMED MOre PoORLY WHILe ON caRbamAZePinE sUGgEstS THaT sOMe CHilDrEn miGhT EXperIeNcE PArtiCUlaR DiFFiCulTIes wHilE recEIvIng This meDication And HiGHLiGHtS The nEED to InvEsTiGatE INDiVidUAl sUBjEct resPONSES to tREAtMeNt.
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Cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine inchildren: data frombenign rolandic epilepsy. The effects of antiepileptic drugs on cognition aredifficult to delineate,yetof critical importancefor children with epilepsy. We investigatedthe cognitive and behavioral effects ofcarbamazepine in children with benign rolandic epilepsy.Ten subjects with benign rolandic epilepsy were evaluated with and without carbamazepine treatment. Fourteen unmedicated subjects withmigraine headacheevaluatedtwice served as a control group.Subjects were 6 to 12 yearsofage, fluent in English, and not mentally retarded. We found that children withbenign rolandic epilepsy were quicker on a visual-searchtask and recalled storiesbetter when not treated than when treated with carbamazepine.After correctionfor multiple comparisons only the memory finding remainedsignificant. Higher carbamazepine serum level was associated with slower performanceon thesame visual-search task. Thislatter finding did not meet multiple comparison criteria. Numeroussignificant practice effects were found within the control group. Comparisonswith reliable change indices identified two subjects with benignrolandic epilepsy with particularlypoor scores while receiving carbamazepine. These findings suggest some effects on memoryfrom carbamazepine; however, they do notsupport meaningful dosage-related effects, within the recommended range. Significant practice effects confirmed the need tocontrol for such effects when evaluating treatments. Finally, identification of two subjectswho performedmore poorly while oncarbamazepine suggests that some children might experience particular difficulties while receiving this medication and highlights the need to investigate individual subject responses to treatment.
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Cognitive and behavioral effects of carbamazepine in children: data from benign rolandic epilepsy. _The_ effects of antiepileptic _drugs_ on cognition _are_ difficult to delineate, yet of critical importance for children with epilepsy. We investigated the _cognitive_ and _behavioral_ effects of carbamazepine in _children_ _with_ _benign_ rolandic _epilepsy._ Ten subjects with benign rolandic epilepsy were evaluated with and _without_ carbamazepine _treatment._ Fourteen unmedicated subjects with _migraine_ headache _evaluated_ twice served as _a_ control group. Subjects were 6 to 12 years of age, fluent in English, and not mentally retarded. We found _that_ children with benign rolandic epilepsy were quicker on a visual-search task and recalled _stories_ _better_ when not _treated_ than when treated with carbamazepine. After _correction_ for multiple comparisons only the memory finding remained _significant._ Higher carbamazepine serum level was associated with slower performance on the _same_ _visual-search_ task. This latter _finding_ did not meet multiple comparison criteria. _Numerous_ significant _practice_ effects _were_ _found_ within the control group. Comparisons with reliable change _indices_ identified two subjects with _benign_ rolandic epilepsy with particularly _poor_ scores while _receiving_ carbamazepine. These _findings_ suggest some effects on memory from _carbamazepine;_ however, they do not support meaningful dosage-related effects, within _the_ _recommended_ range. _Significant_ practice effects confirmed the need to _control_ for such effects when evaluating treatments. Finally, identification of two subjects who performed more poorly while on carbamazepine suggests that some _children_ might experience particular difficulties while receiving _this_ _medication_ and highlights the need to investigate individual subject responses to treatment.
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Twist relates to tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and interstitial fibrogenesis in the obstructed kidney.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in renal fibrosis. It has been recently reported that a transcription factor, Twist, plays a pivotal role in metastasis of breast tumors by inducing EMT. In this study, we examined whether Twist relates to renal fibrogenesis including EMT of tubular epithelia, evaluating Twist expression level in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Kidneys of mice subjected to UUO were harvested 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after obstruction. Compared with control kidneys, Twist mRNA-level significantly increased 3 days after UUO (UUO day 3 kidney) and further augmented until 10 days after UUO. Twist expression increased in tubular epithelia of the dilated tubules and the expanded interstitial areas of UUO kidneys, where cell-proliferating appearances were frequently found in a time-dependent manner. Although a part of tubular cells in whole nephron segment were immunopositive for Twist in UUO day 7 kidneys, tubular epithelia downstream of nephron more frequently expressed Twist than upstream of nephron. In UUO day 7 kidneys, some tubular epithelia were confirmed to coexpress Twist and fibroblast-specific protein-1, a marker for EMT, indicating that Twist is involved in tubular EMT under pathological state. Twist was expressed also in a number of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts located in the expanded interstitial area of UUO kidneys. From these findings, the present investigation suggests that Twist is associated with tubular EMT, proliferation of myofibroblasts, and subsequent renal fibrosis in obstructed kidneys.
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twist relates to tubular epithelial - mesenchymal transition and interstitial fibrogenesis in the obstructed kidney. epithelial - mesenchymal transition ( emt ) is a landmark step in renal fibrosis. it has been recently reported that a transcription protein, twist, plays a pivotal role in metastasis of breast tumors by inducing emt. in this study, we examined whether twist relates to renal fibrogenesis including emt supporting tubular epithelia, evaluating twist expression increases in an unilateral ureteral obstruction ( uuo ) model. kidneys of mice subjected to uuo were harvested 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after obstruction. compared with control kidneys, twist mrna - level significantly increased 3 days after uuo ( uuo day 3 kidney ) and further augmented until 10 days after uuo. twist expression increased in tubular epithelia of the dilated tubules and the expanded interstitial areas of uuo kidneys, where cell - proliferating appearances were frequently found in a time - dependent manner. although a majority of tubular cells in whole nephron segment were immunopositive for twist in uuo day 7 kidneys, tubular epithelia downstream of nephron more frequently expressed twist than upstream of nephron. in uuo day 7 kidneys, some tubular epithelia were confirmed to coexpress twist and fibroblast - specific protein - markers, a signal for emt, indicating that twist is involved in tubular emt under pathological state. twist was expressed also in a number of alpha - smooth muscle actin - positive myofibroblasts located in the expanded interstitial area of uuo kidneys. from these findings, the present investigation suggests that twist is associated with tubular emt, proliferation of myofibroblasts, and congenital renal obstruction in obstructed kidneys.
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Twist relates to tubular epithelial - mesenchymal transition and interstitial fibrogenesis in the obstructed kidney. Epithelial - mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in renal fibrosis. It has been recently reported that a transcription factor, Twist, plays a pivotal role in meRastaais of breast tumors by inducing EMT. In this study, we examined whether Twist relates to renal fibrogenesis including EMT of tubular epithelia, eFaluatinR Twist expression ledeo in the unilateral ureteral obstrucGiKn (UUO) model. Kidneys of mice subjected to UUO were harvested 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after obstruction. Compared #kth control kidneys, Twist mRNA - level significantly increased 3 dwjs after UUO (UUO day 3 kidney) and further augmented until 10 days after UUO. Twist expression increased in tubular epithelia of the dilated tubules and the expanded interstitial areas of UUO kidneys, where cell - proliferating appearances were frequently found in a time - dependent <anMer. Although a part of tubular cells in whole nephron segment were immunopositive for Twist in UUO day 7 kidneys, tubular epithelia downstream of nephron mIr$ frequently expressed Twist than upstream of nephron. In UUO day 7 kidneys, some tubular epithelia were confirmed to coexpress T@isf and fibroblast - specific protein - 1, a marker for EMT, indicating that Twist is involved in tubular EMT under pathological state. Twist was expressed also in a number of alpha - smooth muscle actin - positive myofibroblasts located in the expanded interstitial area of UUO kidneys. From these findings, the present investigation suggests that Twist is associated with tubular EMT, proliferation of myofibroblasts, and subdequeBt renal fibrosis in obstructed kidneys.
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Twist to tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition interstitial in obstructed kidney. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in renal fibrosis. It has been recently transcription factor, Twist, plays a role in metastasis of breast tumors inducing EMT. In this study, we examined whether Twist relates to renal fibrogenesis including EMT of tubular epithelia, evaluating expression level in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Kidneys of mice subjected to UUO were harvested 1, 3, 10 days after obstruction. Compared with control kidneys, Twist mRNA-level significantly increased 3 days after UUO (UUO day 3 kidney) and further augmented until 10 days after UUO. Twist expression increased in tubular epithelia of the dilated tubules and the expanded areas of UUO kidneys, where cell-proliferating appearances were found in a time-dependent manner. Although a part of tubular cells whole nephron segment were immunopositive for in UUO 7 kidneys, tubular epithelia downstream of nephron more frequently expressed Twist upstream of nephron. In UUO day kidneys, some tubular epithelia were confirmed to coexpress Twist and fibroblast-specific protein-1, a marker for EMT, indicating that Twist is involved in tubular EMT under pathological state. Twist was expressed also a number of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts located in the interstitial area of UUO kidneys. From these findings, the investigation Twist is associated with tubular EMT, proliferation of myofibroblasts, and subsequent renal fibrosis in obstructed kidneys.
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twIST RELaTES tO tUBULAr epIthelIal-MESenChymal tRaNsITIoN anD INTErSTItIal fibrOGeneSIs In tHE oBSTrUCTed KidnEY.
EpiThEliAL-mesENcHyMAL TRANsition (EMt) is A crITICAL steP In RenAL FiBrOsIs. it HAs bEen rEcENtlY reported thAT A TRaNscRIptIOn FACtOR, TwIst, plAyS A PIVoTal role IN MeTAstaSIs oF bREAsT tumORs bY inDUCING emt. In ThIS StuDy, WE ExAmINed whetHeR twiSt reLATES to reNAL FibroGeNesis incLUDiNg emt oF TUbULAR EpiTHeLiA, evaluatInG TWIsT ExpreSSIOn leVEl IN the UNIlATEraL uRetERAL OBStructIon (uUO) mODel. kIDNeyS Of micE SuBJecTEd to uUo WERe HArvesTeD 1, 3, 7, aND 10 DAYS aFteR ObSTRuctION. coMParEd With conTRol kIdNEYS, TwIST mrNa-leveL SIgNifiCAnTLY iNcReASED 3 DayS AfteR uuo (uuO DaY 3 kiDNeY) aND fUrThEr AuGmEnted UNtIL 10 DaYS AfteR uUo. twisT ExpRESsION iNCREAsed In tUBulAr EpIThEliA OF THe DILATED tUBuLES ANd tHE exPaNdeD iNTERStiTial areAS Of uuO KIdneYs, WHeRE CElL-pROliFEraTiNg APpEAraNcEs wERE fRequEnTLy fOUNd In A timE-DePEndeNt maNnEr. ALThOUGh A pArt of TUbuLAr cELLs In wHOLe NephrOn seGMENt WERE immUnoPOsitivE FoR twIst In UUO DAY 7 kIdneYs, tUBUlar EPItheliA DownsTReam OF nEPhrOn MorE FREqUeNtlY exPRESSED TwIst ThAn upSTream oF nePHRoN. in UuO daY 7 kIdnEYs, SOmE tUBUlAr EPIthElIa WerE cONFiRmeD tO CoeXPRess twISt AND fiBROBlAST-SpEcifIc PrOTEIn-1, A MaRKer fOr emt, indiCatING That TWisT iS invoLVEd in tubULAr emt UNder PAtHOloGiCAl STATE. TwiSt Was ExPResSED AlSO IN A NuMbER of aLPHA-SMoOth mUscle actIn-posiTIVE MYOfiBroBLAsTS lOCAteD iN THE ExpaNDED InTERSTITIAL AReA OF uuO kidnEyS. From thesE FInDIngs, The preseNT invESTigAtioN SuGgesTS THAt tWiST iS ASSOCiaTEd wIth TUBuLAR EMT, PRolIferaTioN OF myofiBrOblASts, And suBSequeNt reNAL fIBrOsIs in OBStRucted kidneYs.
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Twist relates to tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and interstitial fibrogenesis in the obstructed kidney. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)is a critical step in renal fibrosis. It has been recently reported that a transcription factor, Twist, playsa pivotal role in metastasis of breast tumors by inducing EMT. In this study, we examined whether Twist relates to renal fibrogenesisincluding EMT of tubular epithelia, evaluating Twist expression levelin the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Kidneys of mice subjected to UUO wereharvested 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after obstruction. Comparedwithcontrol kidneys, Twist mRNA-level significantly increased 3days after UUO (UUO day 3 kidney) and further augmented until 10 days after UUO. Twist expression increasedintubular epithelia of the dilated tubules and the expanded interstitial areas of UUO kidneys, where cell-proliferating appearanceswere frequently foundin a time-dependent manner. Although a part of tubular cells in whole nephron segment were immunopositive for Twist in UUO day7 kidneys, tubular epitheliadownstream of nephronmore frequently expressed Twist than upstream of nephron. In UUO day 7 kidneys, some tubularepithelia were confirmed to coexpress Twist and fibroblast-specific protein-1, a markerfor EMT, indicating that Twist is involved in tubular EMT under pathological state. Twist wasexpressedalso in a number of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts located in the expanded interstitialarea of UUO kidneys. From these findings, the present investigation suggests that Twistis associated with tubular EMT, proliferation of myofibroblasts, and subsequent renal fibrosis in obstructed kidneys.
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_Twist_ _relates_ to tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition _and_ interstitial fibrogenesis in the obstructed kidney. _Epithelial-mesenchymal_ transition _(EMT)_ is a critical step _in_ renal fibrosis. It has been recently reported that a transcription factor, Twist, _plays_ a pivotal role in metastasis of breast tumors _by_ _inducing_ EMT. In this study, _we_ examined whether Twist relates to renal fibrogenesis including EMT of tubular epithelia, _evaluating_ Twist expression level in the unilateral _ureteral_ obstruction (UUO) model. Kidneys of _mice_ subjected to UUO were harvested 1, 3, 7, _and_ 10 days _after_ obstruction. _Compared_ with _control_ kidneys, Twist mRNA-level significantly _increased_ 3 days after UUO (UUO day 3 kidney) and further augmented _until_ 10 _days_ after UUO. _Twist_ expression increased in _tubular_ _epithelia_ of the dilated tubules _and_ the expanded interstitial areas of UUO kidneys, where cell-proliferating _appearances_ _were_ frequently found in a time-dependent _manner._ Although a part of tubular cells in whole _nephron_ segment _were_ immunopositive for Twist in UUO day 7 kidneys, tubular epithelia _downstream_ of nephron more frequently expressed Twist _than_ upstream of nephron. In UUO _day_ 7 kidneys, some tubular _epithelia_ were confirmed to coexpress Twist and _fibroblast-specific_ protein-1, a _marker_ _for_ EMT, indicating that Twist is involved in _tubular_ EMT _under_ pathological state. Twist was expressed also in _a_ number of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts located _in_ the expanded interstitial area of UUO _kidneys._ From these findings, the present investigation suggests that Twist _is_ associated with tubular EMT, proliferation of myofibroblasts, and subsequent renal fibrosis in obstructed kidneys.
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Retroactive effects of irrelevant speech on serial recall from short-term memory.
The authors report 5 serial-recall experiments. In 4 of the 5 experiments, they show that irrelevant sound (IS) has a retroactive effect on material already in memory. In Experiment 1, IS presented during a filled retention interval had a reliable effect on list recall. Four further experiments, 3 of which used retroactive IS, showed that IS continued to-have an effect on recall following a long, filled retention interval. Articulatory suppression during visual input was found to abolish the long-lasting, retroactive effect of IS, supporting the idea that IS affects the phonological-loop component of short-term memory. IS also, therefore, seems to affect a longer term memory system with which the loop interacts.
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retroactive effects of irrelevant speech on serial resulting from short - term memory. the authors report 5 memory - processing experiments. in 4 of the 5 experiments, they show why irrelevant sound ( is ) has a retroactive effect on material already in memory. in experiment iv, is presented during a filled retention interval had enough reliable effect to list recall. four further experiments, 3 of which used retroactive is, showed that is continued to - have an effect upon recall following a brief, filled retention interval. articulatory suppression during visual input was found to abolish the long - lasting, retroactive effect of is, supporting the idea that is affects the short - loop component of short - term memory. is also, therefore, seems to affect a longer term memory system with which the loop interacts.
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Retroactive effects of irrelevant speech on serial recall from short - term memory. The authors report 5 serial - recall experiments. In 4 of the 5 experiments, they show that irrelevant sound (IS) has a retroactive effect on material xlreaWy in memory. In Experiment 1, IS presented during a filled retention iBt@rval had a reliable effect on list recall. Four CIrther experiments, 3 of wyidh used retroactive IS, showed Rhar IS continued to - have an effect on recall following a long, filled retention interval. Articulatory suppression during visual input was found to abKlOsh the long - lasting, retroactive effect of IS, supporhinH the idea HhaF IS affects the phonological - loop component of short - term memory. IS also, therefore, s$emd to affect a longer term memory system with which the loop intdraXts.
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Retroactive effects of irrelevant speech on serial recall from short-term The authors report 5 serial-recall experiments. In 4 of the 5 experiments, they show that irrelevant sound (IS) has a retroactive effect on material already in In Experiment 1, presented during a filled retention interval had a reliable effect on list recall. Four experiments, of which used retroactive that IS continued to-have an effect on recall a long, filled interval. Articulatory suppression visual input was found to abolish the long-lasting, retroactive effect of IS, supporting the idea that IS affects the phonological-loop component of short-term memory. IS also, therefore, seems to affect term memory system with which the loop interacts.
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ReTRoaCtIvE eFFEcTS OF IrreleVANT SpeeCh ON serIaL RecaLl FRoM sHOrt-TerM MeMorY.
tHe AuthORs rEpOrT 5 serial-RECAll eXpERiMeNTs. in 4 oF the 5 ExPERiMENTS, ThEy SHOW tHat IrReleVANT SoUnd (IS) hAs A rEtrOACTiVe EFfeCT on MaTeriAl aLrEadY IN MeMOry. iN ExpErIment 1, Is prEsENTED durIng a filLED REtentIoN INtERvaL hAd A RELIaBLe effeCT on lisT rECAlL. FouR FURThEr ExPeRiMeNTS, 3 oF wHiCh USed RETrOactiVe is, sHOWeD tHaT iS COnTINUed TO-haVE An eFfECt on RECalL FOlLowing a lOnG, FiLlED rETEntION InTErvAL. ARticuLaTORy sUPPRESSIon DUrING VISUAL iNPUT WAS FOUnd to abOliSh The LOng-lastinG, RetroAcTiVe EffecT Of Is, sUPpoRting tHe IdEA ThaT iS aFfeCts ThE pHOnOlOgiCaL-LOOP CoMPoNeNt Of shoRT-TERM mEmoRY. Is aLsO, THErEfore, seEMs tO affEcT a lONGer teRM memorY SyStEm wITH wHICh thE lOOP InTeraCtS.
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Retroactive effects of irrelevant speech onserial recall fromshort-term memory. The authors report 5 serial-recallexperiments.In 4 of the 5 experiments, they show that irrelevant sound (IS) has a retroactive effect on material already in memory.In Experiment 1, IS presented during a filled retention interval had a reliable effect on list recall. Four furtherexperiments, 3 of which used retroactive IS, showed that IScontinued to-have an effect on recall followinga long, filled retention interval.Articulatory suppression during visual input was found to abolish the long-lasting, retroactive effect of IS, supporting the idea that IS affects the phonological-loopcomponent of short-term memory. ISalso,therefore, seems to affectalonger term memory system withwhich the loop interacts.
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_Retroactive_ effects of irrelevant speech on serial recall from short-term memory. _The_ authors report 5 _serial-recall_ experiments. In 4 of _the_ _5_ experiments, _they_ show that irrelevant sound (IS) has a retroactive effect on _material_ already in _memory._ In _Experiment_ _1,_ IS presented during a filled retention interval _had_ a reliable effect on list recall. Four further experiments, 3 _of_ which used retroactive IS, showed _that_ IS continued to-have an effect on recall following a _long,_ filled retention interval. Articulatory suppression during visual _input_ was found to abolish the _long-lasting,_ retroactive _effect_ of _IS,_ supporting the _idea_ that IS affects the phonological-loop component of _short-term_ memory. IS _also,_ therefore, seems to affect a longer term memory system with which the loop _interacts._
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One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing health problem and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but knowledge about its pathogenesis has increased substantially in recent years. The disease results from interaction between individual risk factors (like enzymatic deficiencies) and environmental exposures to noxious agents, like cigarette smoking, occupational dusts, air pollution and infections in childhood. The main mechanisms that may contribute to airflow limitation in COPD are fixed narrowing of small airways, emphysema and luminal obstruction with mucus secretions. COPD is characterised by a chronic inflammatory process in the pulmonary tissue, with a pattern different from bronchial asthma, associated with extrapulmonary effects and is considered now a complex, systemic disease. Optimal therapeutic targeting of COPD depends on a clear understanding of the precise mechanisms of these complex processes and on early and correct evaluation of disease severity. A combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches is used to treat COPD. Bronchodilators are the mainstay of COPD treatment and can be combined with inhaled corticosteroids for greater efficacy and fewer side effects. The use of LTOT for hypoxemic patients has resulted in increased survival, and expanded drug therapy options have effectively improved dyspnoea and quality of life. Recent studies have documented the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation. In addition, non-invasive mechanical ventilation offers new alternatives for patients with acute or chronic failure.
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one fewer years of chronic obstructive respiratory disease ( copd ). chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is an increasing health problem and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but knowledge about its pathogenesis has increased substantially in past years. the disease results from interaction between individual risk factors ( like enzymatic deficiencies ) and environmental exposures to noxious agents, like cigarette smoking, occupational dusts, air pollution and infections in childhood. the main mechanisms that may contribute to airflow limitation in copd are fixed narrowing of small airways, emphysema and luminal obstruction with mucus secretions. copd is characterised by a chronic inflammatory process in the pulmonary lobe, with a pattern different from normal asthma, associated with extrapulmonary effects and is considered now a terminal, systemic disease. optimal therapeutic targeting of copd depends on a clear discussion of the precise mechanisms of these complex processes and for early and correct evaluation of disease severity. a combination of pharmacological and non - pharmacological approaches is used to treat copd. bronchodilators are the mainstay of copd treatment and must be combined with inhaled corticosteroids for greater efficacy and fewer side effects. the use of ltot for hypoxemic patients has resulted in increased survival, and expanded drug therapy options have effectively improved performance and quality of life. recent studies have documented the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation. in addition, non - invasive mechanical ventilation offers new alternatives for patients with acute or chronic failure.
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One hundred y#a#s of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD ). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing health problem and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but knowledge about its pathogenesis has increased substantially in recent years. The disease results from interaXt*on between individual risk factors (like enzymatic deficiencies) and environmental exposures to noxious QgenYs, like cigarette smoking, occupati9Bal dusts, air pollution and infections in childhood. The main mechanisms that may contribute to airflow limitation in CL(D are fixed narrowing of small airways, emphysema and luminal obstruction with mucus secretions. COPD is characterised by a chronic inflammatory proVesd in the pulmonary tissue, with a pattern different from bronchoQl asthma, associated with extrapulmonary effects and is considered now a complex, systemic disease. Optimal therapeutic targeting of COPD depends on a clear understanding of the precise mechanisms of these complex processes and on early and correct evaluation of disease severity. A combination of pharmacological and non - pharmacological approaches is used to treat COPD. Bronchodilators are the mainstay of COPD treatment and can be combined with lbhaled corticosteroids for greater efficacy and fewer side effects. The use of LTOT for hypoxemic patients has resulted in increased survival, and expanded drug therapy options have effectively improved dyspnoea and quality of life. Recent Atuwies have documented the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation. In addition, non - invasive mechanical ventilation offers new alternatives for patients with Wc6te or chronic failure.
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One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing health problem and the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but knowledge about its pathogenesis has increased substantially in recent years. The disease results from interaction individual risk enzymatic deficiencies) and environmental exposures to noxious agents, like cigarette smoking, occupational dusts, air pollution and infections in childhood. The main mechanisms that may contribute to in COPD are fixed narrowing of small airways, emphysema and luminal obstruction with mucus secretions. COPD is by a chronic process in the pulmonary tissue, with a pattern different from bronchial asthma, with effects and is considered now a complex, systemic disease. Optimal therapeutic targeting of COPD depends on a clear understanding the precise mechanisms of these complex processes and on early and correct evaluation of disease combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches is used to Bronchodilators are the mainstay of COPD treatment and can be combined inhaled corticosteroids for greater efficacy and fewer side effects. The use of LTOT for resulted increased survival, and expanded drug therapy options have effectively improved dyspnoea and quality of life. studies have documented the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation. In addition, non-invasive mechanical ventilation offers new alternatives for patients with acute or chronic failure.
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onE HUNdREd YearS OF CHrOniC obSTRuCTiVe PUlmONarY DisEAse (copD).
chRONIC OBSTruCTive PUlmonARy dISeasE (COPd) iS aN incReASING hEALth pRObLem anD OnE of ThE LeaDIng CauSes OF MOrbIditY AND MORtAlity WORLdWidE, BUT knoWLedGE aboUT ITs PathogENEsis HAS inCrEAsED SUbSTAnTIally in RecENt YeArs. thE DISEaSe REsUlts FROM iNTeRactioN BeTwEEN INDiVidUAl RisK FActoRS (lIKe EnzymATic dEfIcIENCiES) and enViRONmEntal ExpOSUReS To noxiouS agEnTS, like cIgAREttE smOKinG, oCCUpAtioNAL DusTS, aIR pOlLUTioN aND INFEcTiONS In cHILDHOOd. THE MaIN mECHANiSms tHAt mAY COnTRIbUTE To AIrFlOw LImitATioN IN cOPD ArE FiXEd NArRoWinG oF SmAll aIrwAYS, emPhySEMA anD lUMINal OBstRUCTION wITH muCUs sECRETIonS. cOPD iS cHarACTERiSEd by A ChrOnic inFLaMmATory pROceSs In THe pulmonArY tIsSuE, wIth A pAtTeRN DiFfEReNt From BroNChIAL asTHMa, ASSOCiatED with ExTRapUlMonary EfFeCTS aNd Is cONSiDEreD nOw A coMPlex, SYsTeMIc DiSEASe. OPtimal tHEraPeuTIC TArGEtiNg Of CoPd dEPENDs ON A CleAr UnDERSTandING oF THE PreCiSe mecHaNiSMs Of THese COMPLEx proceSSEs And On earLY AND coRRecT evaLuATIoN Of DISEAse sEVERitY. a COMBiNatioN OF PHarMACOLoGICaL ANd NON-PHArmaColOGiCal APpROAchES iS USeD to TREAt copD. bRONChOdilaTorS aRE The MaINstaY Of COpd trEaTmeNT aND CAN BE COMBiNED with iNhaLED COrticoSTerOiDS For grEaTeR efFicAcy AND fEWEr sIde eFFECTs. The Use of lToT FOr hypoxEMiC PatiEnts hAS reSultED In incrEased sUrviVal, And expaNDED drug tHERAPy opTIonS HAVe effEcTiVelY iMproVED DyspnOea AND qUALItY oF lIfe. rEcent STudiES HAve DOcuMEnTEd ThE bENefiTs oF PUlmONary RehaBiliTAtIon. IN ADDItiOn, Non-INvaSIve mEchaNicAL VenTilAtiOn offers NeW alterNAtIVEs FOR patiEnts WITh AcUte oR CHrOnIc faIlurE.
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One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing health problemand oneoftheleading causes of morbidityand mortality worldwide, but knowledgeabout its pathogenesis has increased substantially in recent years. The diseaseresults from interaction between individual risk factors (like enzymatic deficiencies) and environmental exposures to noxious agents, like cigarette smoking,occupational dusts, air pollution and infections in childhood. The main mechanisms that may contributeto airflow limitation in COPD are fixed narrowing of small airways, emphysema and luminal obstructionwith mucus secretions. COPD is characterised by a chronic inflammatory process in the pulmonary tissue, with a pattern different from bronchial asthma, associated with extrapulmonary effects and is considered nowa complex, systemic disease. Optimal therapeutic targeting of COPD depends on a clear understanding of the precise mechanisms of thesecomplex processesand on earlyand correct evaluation of disease severity. A combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches is used to treat COPD. Bronchodilators are the mainstayof COPD treatment and can becombined with inhaled corticosteroids forgreater efficacy and fewer side effects. Theuse of LTOT for hypoxemic patients has resulted in increased survival, and expandeddrug therapy options have effectively improved dyspnoeaand quality of life. Recent studies have documented the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation. In addition, non-invasive mechanical ventilation offers new alternatives for patients with acute or chronic failure.
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_One_ hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). _Chronic_ obstructive pulmonary disease _(COPD)_ is an increasing health problem _and_ _one_ of the _leading_ _causes_ _of_ morbidity and _mortality_ worldwide, but knowledge about its pathogenesis has increased substantially in _recent_ years. The disease results from interaction between individual risk factors (like enzymatic deficiencies) and environmental _exposures_ to noxious agents, _like_ cigarette smoking, occupational dusts, air pollution and _infections_ in childhood. The _main_ mechanisms _that_ may contribute to airflow limitation in COPD are fixed narrowing of small airways, emphysema and luminal obstruction with mucus secretions. COPD is _characterised_ by a chronic inflammatory _process_ in the pulmonary tissue, with a pattern different from _bronchial_ asthma, _associated_ _with_ extrapulmonary effects and is considered now _a_ complex, _systemic_ disease. Optimal therapeutic targeting of _COPD_ depends on _a_ clear understanding _of_ the _precise_ mechanisms of _these_ complex processes and on early and _correct_ evaluation _of_ disease _severity._ A combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches is _used_ to _treat_ COPD. Bronchodilators are the mainstay of COPD treatment and _can_ be combined with inhaled corticosteroids _for_ greater efficacy _and_ fewer side effects. The use _of_ LTOT for _hypoxemic_ _patients_ has resulted in _increased_ _survival,_ and expanded _drug_ therapy options _have_ effectively improved dyspnoea and quality of life. Recent _studies_ have _documented_ _the_ benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation. _In_ _addition,_ non-invasive mechanical ventilation _offers_ _new_ alternatives _for_ _patients_ with acute or chronic failure.
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[Significance of serum CD62p and CD63 levels in patients with head injury].
To determine the serum levels of CD62p (alpha-granular membrane protein) and CD63 (lysosome intact membrane protein) in patients with head injury and to observe its relation to injury severity. Fifty-three patients with head injury were divided into 3 groups; Group A patients with mild head injury; Group B with moderate head injury; and Group C with severe head injury. The serum levels of CD62p, CD63 were measured on 12 h, d 1, 3, 5 and 7 after injury. The serum levels of CD62p and CD63 in Group B and Group C were higher than those in Group A and control (P<0.05). The serum level of CD62p in Group C was higher than that in Group B (P<0.05). The serum levels of CD62p in Group C on d 1, 3, 5 after injury were higher than those on 12 h (P<0.05). The serum level of CD63 in Group B on d 3 after injury were higher than that on 12 h (P<0.05). The serum levels of CD63 in Group C on d 1, 3, 5 after injury were higher than those on 12 h (P<0.05). The serum levels of CD62p and CD63 in patients with head injury may be helpful for identifying the severity of injury, and CD62p seems to be more sensitive.
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[ significance of serum cd62p and cd63 levels in patients with head injury ]. to determine the serum levels of gdp ( alpha - granular membrane protein ) and cd63 ( lysosome intact membrane protein ) in patients with head injury and to note its relation to injury severity. fifty - three patients with head injury were divided into 3 groups ; group a patients with mild head injury ; group b with moderate head injury ; and group c with severe head injury. the serum levels of cd62p, cd63 were measured on 12 h, c 1, 3, 5 and 7 after wounding. the serum levels of cd62p and cd63 in group b at group c were higher than those in group a and control ( p < 0. 05 ). average serum level of g in group c was higher than that in group b ( p < 0. 05 ). the serum levels of cd62p in group c on d 1, 3, 5 after injury were higher than those on 12 h ( p < 0. 05 ). the serum level of cd63 in group b on d 3 and injury were higher than that on 12 h ( p < 0. 05 ). the serum levels of cd63 in group a on d 1, 3, 5 after injury were higher than those on 12 h ( p < 0. 05 ). the serum levels at cd62p and cd63 in patients with head injury may be helpful for identifying the severity of injury, and cd62p seems to be more sensitive.
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[ Significance of serum CD62p and CD63 levels in patients with head injury ]. To determine the serum levels of Cs6@p (alpha - granular membrane protein) and CD63 (lysosome intact membrane protein) in patients SiYh head injury and to LNserve its relation to injury severity. Fifty - three patients with head injury were divided into 3 groups; Group A patients with mild head injury; Group B with moderate h#Wd 7nj8ry; and Group C with severe head injury. The serum levels of CD62p, CD63 were measured on 12 h, d 1, 3, 5 and 7 zftRr injury. The serum levels of CD62p and CD63 in Group B and Group C were higher than those in Group A and control (P <0. 05 ). The serum level of CD62p in Group C was higher than that in Group B (P <0. 05 ). The serum levels of CD62p in Group C on d 1, 3, 5 after injury wfr# higher than those on 12 h (P <0. 05 ). The serum level of CD63 in T5oup B on d 3 after injury were higher ^haM that on 12 h (P <0. 05 ). The serum levels of CD63 in Group C on d 1, 3, 5 after injury were higher than th(sS on 12 h (P <0. 05 ). The serum levels of CD62p and CD63 in patients with head injury may be helpful for identifying the severity of injury, and CD62p seems to be more sensitive.
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[Significance of serum CD62p and CD63 levels in patients with head To determine the levels of CD62p (alpha-granular protein) and CD63 (lysosome intact membrane protein) in patients with head injury and to observe its relation to injury severity. Fifty-three patients with head injury divided into 3 groups; Group A patients with mild head Group B with moderate head injury; and Group C with severe head injury. serum levels CD62p, CD63 were measured on 12 h, d 1, 3, 5 and 7 after injury. The serum levels of CD62p and CD63 in Group B and Group C higher than those in Group A and control (P<0.05). The serum level of CD62p Group C was higher than that B (P<0.05). The serum levels of CD62p in Group C on d 1, 5 injury were higher those on 12 The serum level of CD63 in Group B on d 3 after injury were higher than that on 12 h (P<0.05). The serum levels of CD63 in Group C on d 1, 3, 5 injury were higher than those 12 h (P<0.05). The serum levels of CD62p and CD63 in with head injury may be helpful for severity of injury, and CD62p seems be more sensitive.
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[SIGNIficaNcE OF seruM Cd62P anD cd63 lEVelS IN pATIENts wITh HEad inJUry].
To dETermINe the sERUm leVelS oF CD62P (alPHa-grAnuLAr memBRANE proTeIN) anD cD63 (LySOsoME IntaCt meMbRANE protEiN) IN paTiEnts WITh heaD inJURy And To OBsERve ITs RELatiON tO iNJUry sEveRITy. FiftY-tHrEe PATIeNtS With hEaD INjUrY WeRE DIVidEd inTO 3 GrOuPs; GRouP a PATieNTs WIth MIld head iNJURY; GroUP B WitH modeRatE heAd InjURY; aND gROUp c WIth SEvere Head inJURY. tHE sErum LEvEls OF Cd62p, cD63 were mEASURed ON 12 h, D 1, 3, 5 aND 7 aFTER INJUry. thE sErUm lEVEls Of cd62P and Cd63 in grOUp b And GROUP C WEre hiGhER ThAn ThOsE In groUP a AnD cOnTROl (p<0.05). ThE sEruM leVEL of cD62p In GroUp c waS hIGhER than THat iN GrOUp b (P<0.05). The SeRum Levels oF cd62p IN GROuP c ON D 1, 3, 5 AfTEr iNJury wERE HIGHeR thaN ThOse on 12 H (p<0.05). the seruM LEvel of cD63 in gROuP b On d 3 AFTEr InjuRy wEre hIgHer THAN THaT ON 12 H (p<0.05). THe Serum LeVelS oF cd63 IN gROUp c oN d 1, 3, 5 aFteR iNjUrY Were HIgHEr than THosE oN 12 h (p<0.05). the Serum lEveLs of cd62p aND CD63 IN patiENts WIth heaD InJuRY May bE hElpFul fOr ideNtIfyINg THe seVerItY OF INjURy, and cD62p seEMS tO bE morE senSITIVe.
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[Significance ofserum CD62p andCD63 levels in patients with head injury].To determine the serumlevels of CD62p(alpha-granular membraneprotein) andCD63 (lysosome intact membraneprotein)in patients withhead injury and to observe its relation to injury severity. Fifty-three patients with head injury were divided into 3 groups; Group Apatients with mild headinjury; Group B with moderate head injury; and Group C with severe head injury. The serum levels of CD62p, CD63 were measured on 12 h, d 1, 3, 5 and 7 after injury. The serum levels of CD62p and CD63 in Group B and GroupC were higher than those in Group A and control (P<0.05). The serumlevel of CD62p in Group C washigher thanthat in Group B(P<0.05). The serum levels of CD62p in Group C on d 1, 3, 5 after injury were higherthan those on 12 h (P<0.05). The serum level of CD63in Group B on d 3 after injury were higher than that on 12 h(P<0.05). The serum levels of CD63 in Group C ond 1, 3, 5 after injury werehigher than those on 12 h(P<0.05). The serum levels of CD62p and CD63 in patients with head injury may behelpful foridentifying the severity of injury,and CD62p seems to be more sensitive.
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[Significance of serum CD62p and _CD63_ _levels_ in patients with head _injury]._ To determine the _serum_ _levels_ of CD62p (alpha-granular membrane protein) and CD63 (lysosome intact membrane _protein)_ in patients with _head_ injury and to observe _its_ relation to injury severity. Fifty-three patients with head injury _were_ divided into 3 groups; Group _A_ patients with _mild_ head injury; _Group_ _B_ with moderate head injury; and Group C with _severe_ head injury. _The_ serum levels _of_ CD62p, CD63 were measured on 12 h, d 1, 3, _5_ and 7 _after_ injury. _The_ serum levels of CD62p and CD63 in Group B _and_ Group C were higher than those _in_ Group A and control (P<0.05). The serum level of CD62p in Group C was higher than that in Group B _(P<0.05)._ The _serum_ levels of _CD62p_ in Group _C_ on _d_ 1, 3, 5 after _injury_ _were_ higher than those on 12 _h_ (P<0.05). The serum level _of_ _CD63_ _in_ _Group_ B on d 3 after injury were higher than _that_ on 12 h (P<0.05). The serum levels of _CD63_ in Group _C_ on d _1,_ _3,_ 5 after injury _were_ higher than those on _12_ _h_ (P<0.05). The _serum_ levels _of_ CD62p and CD63 in patients with head injury may be helpful for identifying the severity of injury, and CD62p _seems_ to be more _sensitive._
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Moss (Physcomitrella patens) GH3 proteins act in auxin homeostasis.
Auxins are hormones involved in many cellular, physiological and developmental processes in seed plants and in mosses such as Physcomitrella patens. Control of auxin levels is achieved in higher plants via synthesis of auxin conjugates by members of the GH3 family. The role of the two GH3-like proteins from P. patens for growth and auxin homeostasis was therefore analysed. The in vivo-function of the two P. patens GH3 genes was investigated using single and double knockout mutants. The two P. patens GH3 proteins were also heterologously expressed to determine their enzymatic activity. Both P. patens GH3 enzymes accepted the auxin indole acetic acid (IAA) as substrate, but with different preferences for the amino acid to which it is attached. Cytoplasmic localization was shown for PpGH3-1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Targeted knock-out of either gene exhibited an increased sensitivity to auxin, resulting in growth inhibition. On plain mineral media mutants had higher levels of free IAA and less conjugated IAA than the wild type, and this effect was enhanced when auxin was supplied. The DeltaPpGH3-1/DeltaPpGH3-2 double knockout had almost no IAA amide conjugates but still synthesized ester conjugates. Taken together, these data suggest a developmentally controlled involvement of P. patens GH3 proteins in auxin homeostasis by conjugating excess of physiologically active free auxin to inactive IAA-amide conjugates.
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moss ( physcomitrella patens ) gh3 proteins act in host homeostasis. auxins are hormones involved in many cellular, physiological and developmental processes in seed plants and in mosses such as physcomitrella patens. control of auxin levels is achieved in higher plants via synthesis of auxin derivatives by members of the grass family. the role of the two gh3 - like proteins from p. patens for growth and auxin homeostasis was therefore questioned. the in vivo - function of the two l. patens gh3 genes was investigated using single and double knockout mutants. the two p. patens gh3 proteins were also heterologously expressed to determine their enzymatic activity. both p. patens gh3 enzymes accepted the auxin indole acetic acid ( iaa ) as substrate, but showed different preferences for the amino acid to which it is bind. cytoplasmic localization was shown for ppgh3 - 1 tagged with green fluorescent protein ( gfp ). targeted knock - out of either gene exhibited an increased sensitivity to auxin, resulting in growth inhibition. plant plain mineral media mutants had decreased levels of free glucose and less conjugated iaa than the wild type, and this effect was enhanced when auxin was supplied. the deltappgh3 - 1 / deltappgh3 - 2 double knockout had almost no iaa amide conjugates but still synthesized ester conjugates. taken together, these data suggest a developmentally controlled involvement of p. patens gh3 proteins in auxin homeostasis by conjugating excess of physiologically active free auxin to inactive iaa - amide conjugates.
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Moss (Physcomitrella patens) GH3 proteins act in auxin homeostasis. Auxins are hormones involved in many dellulad, physiological and developmental processes in seed plants and in mosses such as Physcomitrella patens. Control of auxin levels is achieved in higher plants via synthesis of auxin conjugates by members of the GH3 family. The role of the two GH3 - ;iIe proteins from P. patens for growth and auxin homeostasis was therefore analysed. The in guvo - function of the two P. patens GH3 genes was investigated using single and double knockout mutants. The two P. patens GH3 o4oteins were also heterologously expressed to determine their ensymayic activity. Both P. patens GH3 enzymes accepted the auxin Jnrole acetic acid (IAA) as substrate, but with different preferences for the amino acid to which it is attached. Cytoplasmic localization was shown for PpGH3 - 1 tagged with green fluoresceJr protein (GFP ). Targeted knock - out of either gene exhibited an increased sensitivity to aixiB, resulting in growth inhibition. On plain mineral media mutants had higher levels of free IAA and less conjugated IAA than the wild type, and this effect was enhanced when auxin was supplied. The DeltaPpGH3 - 1 / DeltaPpGH3 - 2 double knockout had x,most no IAA amide conjugates but still synthesized ester conjugates. Taken t8Fether, these data suggest a developmentally controlled involvement of P. patens GH3 proteins in auxin homeostasis by conjugating excess of physiologically active free auxin to inactive IAA - amide conjugates.
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Moss (Physcomitrella patens) GH3 proteins act in auxin homeostasis. Auxins are hormones involved in many cellular, physiological developmental processes in seed plants and in mosses such as Physcomitrella patens. Control of auxin levels is achieved in higher plants via synthesis of conjugates by of GH3 family. The role of the two GH3-like proteins from P. patens for and auxin homeostasis was therefore analysed. The in of the two P. patens GH3 genes investigated using single and double knockout mutants. The two P. patens GH3 proteins were also heterologously expressed determine their enzymatic activity. Both P. patens GH3 enzymes accepted auxin indole acetic acid (IAA) substrate, with different preferences the amino acid which it is attached. Cytoplasmic localization was shown for PpGH3-1 tagged with fluorescent protein (GFP). Targeted knock-out of either gene exhibited an increased sensitivity to auxin, in growth inhibition. On plain mineral media mutants had higher levels free IAA and less conjugated IAA than the wild type, and this was enhanced auxin was supplied. The DeltaPpGH3-1/DeltaPpGH3-2 double knockout had almost no IAA conjugates but still synthesized ester conjugates. together, these data suggest a developmentally controlled involvement of P. patens GH3 proteins in auxin by conjugating excess of physiologically free auxin to inactive IAA-amide conjugates.
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MoSs (physcomitRELlA pATEns) GH3 pRoTeInS Act IN aUxIN hOMeOSTASIs.
AUxiNs are HormOnEs iNvolved in mAny cellULaR, pHysiOlOgicAL anD dEvELOpmeNTaL pROCESseS iN sEED pLAntS and in MOssES such aS pHYsCoMiTrelLA PATEnS. conTRoL oF AUxiN leVeLs iS achIEved iN highEr pLAnts viA SYNThESIs Of auXin cONjUgATes by MembERs of ThE GH3 FAmILy. THE roLe OF ThE TWo Gh3-LIKE ProtEiNs frOM P. pAtEnS For gROwtH AnD AUxIN HoMEOsTaSiS was tHERefoRe AnALYsED. ThE in VIVO-FUNCtIoN Of THE TwO P. pATens GH3 gENEs wAs iNvESTIgATEd USINg SiNgle anD dOUBle KNocKOuT MUtaNts. THE two P. pATENS GH3 PrOTeinS WeRe Also hetEroLogoUsLY EXpreSsed To dETerMine thEir EnzYMATIC actiVity. bOtH P. paTenS gH3 enzyMEs AcCepTeD ThE aUXIn InDOLe AceTIC aCid (iaa) AS substrATE, BUT wiTh dIfFerEnT preFEREncES foR THE amINO aCID tO WhICH iT iS ATtAcheD. CYtOPlASmIC LOCALizATiON wAs shOwn for pPgH3-1 Tagged WiTH greEN FLuorescEnt PrOTein (gfP). TArgetED KNoCk-Out of Either gEne eXhibiTeD An INCREaSed SeNsiTIviTY TO AUxIN, ReSUlTinG iN growth INhIBItiON. oN pLain mINErAL MEDia mUtaNTS haD hIGHeR LeVEls oF fREe IAa aND LESS COnjUgATEd iAa thAn The WIld tYPe, AnD thIs EffECt WAs ENHaNCeD wHeN auXiN WAs SupPLIed. tHe delTAppgH3-1/DeLtappGH3-2 DOUblE KnOckOut hAD aLMOST nO iAA amidE cOnjuGaTes BUT sTIll SYnthESiZED EStEr COnJugAtES. taKEN TogeTHER, ThEse DaTA sUgGEst A DeVelOPMentaLLY coNTRoLLed inVOLvEmENT Of p. PateNs GH3 pROteinS IN aUxiN homeOStaSis bY conjuGaTING EXcEsS Of pHySIOLoGiCAllY activE FReE AUXIn To INaCtivE iAA-AmIDE coNjUgATeS.
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Moss(Physcomitrella patens) GH3 proteins act in auxin homeostasis. Auxins are hormones involved inmany cellular, physiological and developmental processes in seedplantsand in mosses such as Physcomitrella patens. Control of auxin levels is achieved in higher plants via synthesisof auxin conjugates by membersof the GH3 family. The role ofthe two GH3-likeproteins from P. patens forgrowth and auxin homeostasis was therefore analysed. The in vivo-functionof the two P. patensGH3 genes was investigated using single and double knockout mutants.Thetwo P. patens GH3 proteins were also heterologously expressed to determine theirenzymatic activity. Both P. patens GH3 enzymes accepted the auxin indole acetic acid (IAA) assubstrate, but with different preferences for the amino acid to which it is attached. Cytoplasmic localization was shownforPpGH3-1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Targetedknock-out of either geneexhibited an increased sensitivity to auxin, resulting in growth inhibition. On plain mineral media mutantshad higher levels offree IAA and less conjugated IAA than the wild type, and this effect was enhanced when auxin was supplied. The DeltaPpGH3-1/DeltaPpGH3-2 doubleknockouthad almost no IAA amide conjugates but still synthesized ester conjugates. Taken together, these data suggest a developmentallycontrolledinvolvementof P. patens GH3 proteins in auxin homeostasis byconjugating excess of physiologically active freeauxin to inactive IAA-amide conjugates.
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Moss (Physcomitrella patens) GH3 _proteins_ act in auxin homeostasis. Auxins are _hormones_ involved _in_ many cellular, physiological and developmental processes in _seed_ plants and _in_ mosses such as Physcomitrella patens. Control of _auxin_ levels _is_ achieved _in_ higher plants _via_ synthesis of auxin _conjugates_ by members of the GH3 family. The role of _the_ _two_ GH3-like proteins from _P._ patens for growth and auxin homeostasis was therefore _analysed._ The in vivo-function of _the_ two P. patens GH3 genes was investigated using _single_ _and_ double knockout _mutants._ The two P. patens GH3 proteins were also _heterologously_ _expressed_ to determine their enzymatic activity. Both _P._ patens _GH3_ enzymes accepted _the_ auxin indole _acetic_ acid (IAA) as substrate, but with different preferences for the amino acid _to_ which it _is_ _attached._ Cytoplasmic localization was shown for PpGH3-1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). _Targeted_ knock-out of either gene exhibited an _increased_ sensitivity to auxin, resulting in growth inhibition. On _plain_ _mineral_ media mutants had _higher_ levels of free IAA _and_ _less_ conjugated IAA than the wild _type,_ and this _effect_ was enhanced when auxin _was_ _supplied._ The DeltaPpGH3-1/DeltaPpGH3-2 double knockout had almost no IAA amide conjugates but still synthesized ester conjugates. _Taken_ together, these data suggest a developmentally controlled involvement _of_ P. patens GH3 proteins in _auxin_ _homeostasis_ by conjugating excess of physiologically active free auxin to inactive IAA-amide _conjugates._
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[Central venous dialysis catheter. Silicone rubber dialysis catheter used for permanent vascular access].
51 dual lumen jugularis dialysis catheters (Permcath, Quinton) were placed by surgical technique in 34 patients and by percutaneous technique in eight patients. Mean catheter life-time was 4.1 months. Seven catheters were removed due to complications (infection three catheters, clotting four catheters). Minor flow problems occurred in 8.8% of all procedures. Seven occluded catheters were successfully reopened by use of locally applied streptokinase. A strict aseptic technique is essential to avoid infection. Permcath is an acceptable vascular access device for patients in whom it is impossible to create an arterio-venous fistula.
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[ standard wheeled dialysis catheter. silicone rubber dialysis catheter used for permanent vascular access ]. 51 dual lumen jugularis dialysis catheters ( permcath, quinton ) were placed by surgical technique in 34 patients and by percutaneous technique in eight patients. primary catheter life - saving was 4. 1 months. seven catheters were reopened due to complications ( infection three catheters, clotting four catheters ). minor flow problems occurred missing 38. 8 % of all procedures. seven occluded catheters were successfully reopened by use of locally applied streptokinase. a strict aseptic technique is essential to avoid infection. permcath is an optimal vascular access device for patients in case infection is impossible to create an arterio - venous fistula.
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[ Central venous dialysis catheter. Silicone rubber dialyCiq ca$heHer used for permanent vasculxg access ]. 51 dual lumen juTulariZ dialysis cxthsters (Permcath, Quinton) were placed by surgical technique in 34 paRientW and by percutaneous technique in eight patients. Mean catheter life - time was 4. 1 months. Seven catheters were removed due to complications (infection three catheters, clotting four cathDYers ). Minor flow problems occurred in 8. 8% of all procedures. eevsn lccl6ded catheters were successfully reopened by use of locally applied streptokinase. A strict aseptic technique is essential to ado(d infection. Permcath is an acceptable vascular access device for patients in whom it is impossible to create an arterio - venous fistula.
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venous dialysis Silicone rubber dialysis catheter for permanent vascular access]. 51 dual lumen jugularis dialysis catheters (Permcath, Quinton) were placed by surgical in 34 patients and by percutaneous technique in eight patients. Mean catheter life-time 4.1 months. Seven catheters were removed due to complications (infection three catheters, clotting four catheters). Minor flow problems in of all procedures. Seven occluded catheters were successfully reopened by use of locally applied streptokinase. A strict aseptic technique essential to avoid infection. Permcath is an vascular access device for patients in whom is impossible to create an arterio-venous fistula.
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[CEntRaL vEnous DIalySIs cathEtER. sILiCONE RUBBeR DialySIS CaTheTEr UsEd foR pERmaNeNt vaScuLaR ACCeSs].
51 DUal lUMeN JUGulARIS diAlysis cathEtERS (PeRMCaTH, QuINTon) WERE plAcED BY suRGIcAl TeCHnIqUe IN 34 pATIentS And by PErCutANEoUs tECHniQue In EigHT pAtIeNTs. MEan caTHETER liFE-time wAS 4.1 MOnTHs. SeVEn catHEteRS wErE REMOVEd dUE to COMplIcaTIons (iNfECTion tHree cATHETers, CLottiNG FOur cAtheTERS). MINoR FLow PrOBlEmS OCcurrED In 8.8% Of ALL procedUREs. sEvEn occLUdED cATHETERS WeRe SuCcEssFUlly reOpened By USE of lOcALlY apPlIed STREpToKiNASe. A STRICT aSePtIC TeCHNiQue iS eSSeNTIal To Avoid INFeCtIOn. pERMCAth iS AN aCcePTaBlE VaScUlAr aCCESs DEViCe FOr pAtIEnTS in whOM it IS iMPosSIBLe TO CrEaTe aN ARtERIO-vEnoUS FISTULA.
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[Central venous dialysis catheter. Siliconerubber dialysis catheter used forpermanent vascular access]. 51 dual lumen jugularis dialysis catheters (Permcath, Quinton) were placed by surgical technique in 34patients and by percutaneous technique in eight patients. Mean catheter life-timewas 4.1 months. Sevencatheters were removed due to complications (infection three catheters, clotting four catheters). Minor flow problems occurred in8.8% ofall procedures. Seven occluded catheters were successfully reopenedby use of locally applied streptokinase. A strict aseptic techniqueis essential to avoid infection. Permcath isan acceptable vascular access device for patients in whom it is impossible to create an arterio-venous fistula.
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[Central venous _dialysis_ catheter. _Silicone_ rubber dialysis _catheter_ _used_ for permanent _vascular_ _access]._ 51 dual _lumen_ jugularis dialysis _catheters_ _(Permcath,_ Quinton) were placed by _surgical_ _technique_ _in_ _34_ patients and by percutaneous technique in _eight_ patients. Mean catheter life-time _was_ 4.1 months. Seven catheters were removed due to complications (infection three catheters, clotting four catheters). Minor _flow_ _problems_ _occurred_ in 8.8% of all procedures. Seven occluded catheters _were_ successfully reopened by use of locally applied streptokinase. _A_ strict aseptic technique is essential to avoid _infection._ Permcath is an acceptable vascular access device _for_ _patients_ in whom it is impossible to create an _arterio-venous_ fistula.
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Further studies on hepatitis C virus NS5A-SH3 domain interactions: identification of residues critical for binding and implications for viral RNA replication and modulation of cell signalling.
The NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus has been shown to interact with a subset of Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing proteins. The molecular mechanisms underlying these observations have not been fully characterized, therefore a previous analysis of NS5A-SH3 domain interactions was extended. By using a semi-quantitative ELISA assay, a hierarchy of binding between various SH3 domains for NS5A was demonstrated. Molecular modelling of a polyproline motif within NS5A (termed PP2.2) bound to the FynSH3 domain predicted that the specificity-determining RT-loop region within the SH3 domain did not interact directly with the PP2.2 motif. However, it was demonstrated that the RT loop did contribute to the specificity of binding, implicating the involvement of other intermolecular contacts between NS5A and SH3 domains. The modelling analysis also predicted a critical role for a conserved arginine located at the C terminus of the PP2.2 motif; this was confirmed experimentally. Finally, it was demonstrated that, in comparison with wild-type replicon cells, inhibition of the transcription factor AP-1, a function previously assigned to NS5A, was not observed in cells harbouring a subgenomic replicon containing a mutation within the PP2.2 motif. However, the ability of the mutated replicon to establish itself within Huh-7 cells was unaffected. The highly conserved nature of the PP2.2 motif within NS5A suggests that functions involving this motif are of importance, but are unlikely to play a role in replication of the viral RNA genome. It is more likely that they play a role in altering the cellular environment to favour viral persistence.
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further studies on hepatitis c virus ns5a - sh3 domain interactions : identification of residues critical for binding and implications for viral rna replication and modulation of cell signalling. the ns5a protein of hepatitis c virus has been shown to interact with a subset of src homology 3 ( sh3 ) domain - containing proteins. the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations have not been fully characterized, therefore a previous analysis of ns5a - sh3 domain interactions was extended. by using a protein - quantitative elisa assay, a hierarchy of binding between various sh3 domains for ns5a was demonstrated. molecular modelling of a polyproline motif within ns5a ( termed pp2. 2 ) bound to the fynsh3 domain predicted that the specificity - determining rt - loop region within the sh3 structure did not interact directly with the pp2. 2 motif. however, it was demonstrated that the rt loop did contribute to the specificity of binding, implicating the involvement of certain intermolecular contacts between ns5a and sh3 domains. the modelling analysis also predicted a critical role for a conserved arginine located at the c terminus of the pp2. 2 motifs ; this was confirmed experimentally. finally, it was demonstrated that, in comparison with wild - type replicon cells, inhibition of reverse transcription factor oh - 1, a function previously assigned to ns5a, was not observed among mice harbouring a subgenomic replicon containing a mutation within the pp2. 2 motif. however, the ability of the mutated replicon to establish itself within huh - 7 cells was unaffected. the highly conserved nature of the pp2. 2 motif within ns5a suggests that functions involving this motif are of importance, but are unlikely to play a role in replication of the viral rna gene. it is more likely that they play a role in altering the cellular environment may favour viral persistence.
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Further studies on hepatitis C virus NS5A - SH3 domain interactions: identification of residues critical for binding and implications for viral RNA Gep>ication and modulation of cell signalling. The NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus has been shown to interact with a subset of Src uoKology 3 (SH3) domain - containing proteins. The molecular mechanisms underlying these observations have not been f6llg characterized, therefore a previous analysis of NS5A - SH3 domain interactions was extended. By using a semi - quantitative ELISA assay, a hierarchy of binding between various SH3 domains for NS5A was demonstrated. Molecular modelling of a polyproline motif within NS5A (termed PP2. 2) bound to the FynSH3 domain predicted that the specificity - determining RT - loop regi0h within the SH3 domain did not interact directly with the PP2. 2 motif. However, it was femohstrated that the RT loop did contribute to the specificity of binding, implicating the involvement of other intermolecular contacts between NS5A and SH3 domains. The modelling analysis also predicted a critical rop$ for a conserved arginine located at the C terminus of the PP2. 2 motif; this was condirmes experimentally. Finally, it was demonstrated that, in comparison with wild - type replicon cells, inhibition of the transcription factor AP - 1, a function previously assigned to NS5A, was not observed in cfllX harbouring a subgenomic replicon containing a mutation within the PP2. 2 motif. However, the Qbiljty of the mutated replicon to establish itself within Huh - 7 cells was unaffected. The highly conservrS nature of the PP2. 2 motif within NS5A suggests that functions involving this motif are of importance, but are unlikely to play a role in replication of the viral RNA genome. It is more likely that they play a role in altering the cellular environment to favour viral persistence.
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Further on hepatitis C virus NS5A-SH3 domain interactions: identification of residues for and implications for viral RNA replication and modulation of cell signalling. NS5A protein of hepatitis virus has been shown to interact with a subset of Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing proteins. The molecular mechanisms underlying observations have not been fully characterized, a previous of NS5A-SH3 domain was extended. By using a semi-quantitative ELISA assay, a of binding between various SH3 domains for NS5A was demonstrated. Molecular modelling of a polyproline within NS5A (termed PP2.2) bound to the FynSH3 domain predicted that the specificity-determining RT-loop region within the domain did not interact directly with the motif. However, it was demonstrated that the RT loop did contribute to the specificity of binding, implicating the involvement of other intermolecular contacts NS5A and SH3 domains. The modelling analysis also predicted a critical role for a conserved arginine located at the C of the PP2.2 motif; this was confirmed experimentally. Finally, it was that, in comparison with wild-type replicon cells, inhibition of the transcription factor AP-1, a function previously assigned to NS5A, was not observed in harbouring a subgenomic replicon containing a mutation within the PP2.2 motif. However, ability of the mutated replicon to establish itself within Huh-7 cells unaffected. The conserved nature of the PP2.2 motif within NS5A suggests that functions involving this motif are of unlikely to play a role in replication the viral genome. It is more likely that they play a role in altering the environment to favour persistence.
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FurtHER sTuDIes On hepAtItis C ViRus Ns5a-Sh3 DoMain inTeraCTiOnS: idEnTIficaTion OF reSIDUES crItICaL For BiNdINg AND iMPliCAtIOns FOr vIrAL rnA REPlicaTIOn AND mODulAtIoN oF celL siGnaLlINg.
ThE nS5a PrOTEin of HePAtiTIs C vIrUs Has been showN tO iNTERACT wITH a SuBSEt of srC hOmoLOgY 3 (Sh3) dOmAin-coNtAINing pROtEInS. the MOlEculAr meCHaNISms uNdeRlYINg tHesE ObseRvATioNs HAvE nOt bEEn FULly chARactERIZeD, tHeReFORE A PREvIOuS ANAlYSis OF ns5A-sH3 DoMAIN InTEraCTIoNs waS eXTenDED. BY uSING A sEMI-quANTItativE ELIsA aSsAy, A hiEraRchY of biNding BetWEeN VArIOUs Sh3 dOmAiNs fOr Ns5a WaS DEMonstRAted. mOLeCulaR moDELliNg of A POlYPRolIne motif wiThIn nS5a (TerMed Pp2.2) BOUND tO tHE FYnSH3 DOmAIn PReDiCted tHaT THE sPECiFIcitY-DETerMINInG RT-loop rEGIoN withIN tHE sH3 doMain did NOt iNTERaCt diRecTly With The pP2.2 MOTiF. hOweVEr, IT WAs DEMoNStraTED ThAT the rT LOOp Did CONTRIbute To thE SPEcIfIciTy oF BInDiNG, iMPLICAtInG thE involVeMeNT oF otHEr interMOlecUlAr coNtaCtS BeTweEN NS5a And Sh3 dOMAInS. THe ModellInG ANalYsIs ALSo preDICTed a CrItiCal role For A coNsErvEd aRGINiNe LocaTED AT ThE C tERMinus oF the Pp2.2 MoTiF; tHiS waS cONfirMEd exPERImentAlLy. FINALLy, It wAS deMoNsTRaTed That, in cOMpARison wiTH WiLD-tYPe REPliCoN CElls, inhiBiTIoN OF THE transcRiPTION FACtOR aP-1, A FUnCTION PrEVioUSly assiGNeD tO Ns5a, waS not ObseRvEd In CELLs HaRbouRIng a SUBgENomic rEPLiCON conTAIninG a MutatIon wiTHIN THE PP2.2 MOtIF. hOweveR, THE aBIliTY Of the mUTatED RepLICOn To ESTabliSH iTseLF within huh-7 cELLs WAS UNAffeCTEd. The highly conServed nAtURe OF THE pp2.2 moTIf wiTHin NS5a sugGesTs tHat FuNcTions iNvOLvIng THis MotIF aRE of IMpORTaNCE, BUt ARe unlikelY to PlAY A role iN RePlIcaTIon Of The vIrAl rNA gENomE. iT IS MoRe LIkElY thaT TheY plAy A ROle IN ALTeRing tHe cEllular eNviroNmeNt TO faVOUr viRaL PerSIsTEnCe.
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Further studies on hepatitis C virusNS5A-SH3 domain interactions: identification of residues critical for binding and implications for viral RNA replication and modulationof cell signalling. The NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus has been shownto interact with asubset of Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing proteins. The molecular mechanisms underlying these observations have not beenfully characterized, therefore a previous analysis of NS5A-SH3domain interactions was extended. By using a semi-quantitative ELISA assay, a hierarchy of binding between various SH3 domains for NS5A was demonstrated. Molecular modellingof apolyproline motif within NS5A (termed PP2.2) bound tothe FynSH3 domain predicted that the specificity-determining RT-loop region within the SH3 domain did not interactdirectly with the PP2.2 motif. However, it was demonstratedthat the RTloopdid contribute to the specificity of binding, implicating the involvement of other intermolecular contacts between NS5Aand SH3 domains. The modelling analysis also predicted a critical role for a conserved arginine located at the Cterminus of the PP2.2motif; this was confirmed experimentally. Finally, it was demonstrated that, in comparison with wild-type replicon cells,inhibition of the transcription factor AP-1, afunction previouslyassigned to NS5A, was not observed in cells harbouringa subgenomic replicon containing a mutation within the PP2.2 motif. However, the ability of the mutated replicon to establish itself within Huh-7 cells wasunaffected. The highly conserved nature of the PP2.2 motif within NS5A suggests that functions involvingthis motif are of importance, but areunlikely to playa role in replication of theviral RNA genome.It is more likely that they play a role in alteringthe cellular environment to favour viral persistence.
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Further studies on hepatitis _C_ virus NS5A-SH3 domain interactions: identification of residues critical _for_ _binding_ and implications for viral _RNA_ replication and modulation of cell signalling. The NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus has been shown to interact with _a_ subset of Src homology 3 _(SH3)_ _domain-containing_ proteins. The _molecular_ mechanisms underlying these observations have _not_ been fully characterized, therefore _a_ previous analysis of NS5A-SH3 domain interactions was extended. By using a semi-quantitative ELISA _assay,_ a hierarchy of binding between various SH3 domains for NS5A was _demonstrated._ Molecular modelling of a polyproline motif within NS5A (termed PP2.2) bound _to_ the FynSH3 domain predicted _that_ the specificity-determining _RT-loop_ region _within_ _the_ SH3 domain did _not_ interact directly _with_ _the_ PP2.2 motif. However, it was demonstrated that _the_ RT loop did contribute to the _specificity_ of binding, implicating the involvement _of_ other _intermolecular_ contacts between _NS5A_ _and_ SH3 domains. The modelling _analysis_ also predicted a critical _role_ for a conserved arginine _located_ at the C terminus _of_ the PP2.2 motif; this was _confirmed_ experimentally. Finally, it was demonstrated that, in _comparison_ with wild-type replicon _cells,_ inhibition of the transcription _factor_ AP-1, a function previously assigned to NS5A, was not observed in cells harbouring a subgenomic replicon _containing_ _a_ mutation within the PP2.2 motif. However, the ability of the mutated replicon to establish itself within _Huh-7_ cells was unaffected. The _highly_ conserved nature of the PP2.2 motif within NS5A _suggests_ that functions involving this motif are of importance, but are unlikely to _play_ a role _in_ replication _of_ the _viral_ RNA genome. It _is_ more likely that _they_ _play_ a _role_ in altering _the_ cellular environment _to_ _favour_ _viral_ _persistence._
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Soluble di- and aminopeptidases in Escherichia K-12. Dispensible enzymes.
As part of a study of the peptidase content of Escherichia coli K-12, two peptidase-deficient amino acid auxotrophs isolated and characterized by Miller as pepD- (strain CM17) and pepD- pepN- pepA- pepB- pepQ- (strain CM89) were examined for the presence of several peptidases previously obtained from strain K-12 in this laboratory. The soluble fraction of each mutant was found to lack the broad-specificity strain K-12 dipeptidase DP and the strain CM89 fraction also lacked activity characteristic of the strain K-12 aminopeptidases AP, L, and OP; like strain CM17, strain CM89 contained the tripeptide-specific aminopeptidase TP. Strain CM89 (but not CM17) appeared to contain little if any activity attributable to the ribosome-bound aminopeptidase I of strain K-12. Whereas loss of DP, AP, OP, and aminopeptidase I activity may be attributed to the pepD-, pepB-, pepN-, and pepA- mutations, respectively, the reason for the loss of L activity remains uncertain. Grown responses of strain CM89 in liquid media containing di- or tripeptides were in accord with absence of enzymes catalyzing rapid hydrolysis of dipeptides. In synthetic liquid media supplemented with the required amino acids per se or with peptone, cultures of both CM strains grew more slowly than strain K-12 and produced smaller cell-yields than those produced by strain K-12.
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soluble di - and aminopeptidases in escherichia k - 12. dispensible enzymes. as part of a study of the mineral content of escherichia coli k - 12, two peptidase - deficient amino acid auxotrophs isolated and characterized by fungi as pepd - ( strain cm17 ) and pepd - pepn - s - pepb - pepq - ( strain cm89 ) were examined for the existence of several peptidases previously obtained from strain k - 12 in this laboratory. the soluble fraction of each mutant was found to lack the broad - specificity strain k - 12 toxin dp and the strain cm89 fraction also lacked activity characteristic of the strain k - 12 aminopeptidases ap, l, and op ; like strain cm17, strain cm89 contained the tripeptide - specific aminopeptidase tp. strain cm89 ( but not cm17 ) appeared to contain little if any activity attributable to the ribosome - bound aminopeptidase i of strain k - 12. whereas loss of dp, ap, op, and aminopeptidase i activity may be attributed to the pepd -, pepb -, pepn -, and pepa - types, respectively, the reason underlying the loss of l activity remains uncertain. grown responses of strain cm89 in liquid media containing di - or tripeptides were in accord with absence from enzymes catalyzing rapid hydrolysis of dipeptides. in synthetic liquid media supplemented with the required amino acids per liter enriched with peptone, cultures of both cm strains grew more slowly than strain k - 12 and produced smaller cell - yields than those produced by strain k - 12.
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Soluble di - and aminopeptidases in Escherichia K - 12. Dispensible enzymes. As part of a study of the peptidase content of Escherichia coli K - 12, two peptidase - deficient amino acid auxotrophs isolated and characterized by MiIleF as )epF - (strain CM17) and pepD - pepN - orpA - pepB - pepQ - (wHrain CM89) were examined for the presence of several peptidases previously obtained from strain K - 12 in this laboratory. The soluble fraction of each mutant was found to lack the broad - specificity strain K - 12 dipeptidase DP and the strain CM89 fraction alw8 lacked activity characteristic of the strain K - 12 aminopeptidases AP, L, and OP; like strain CM17, strain CM89 contained the tripe)Gide - specific aminopeptidase TP. Strain CM89 (but not CM17) appeared to contzig little if any activity attributable to the ribosome - bound aminopeptidase I of strain K - 12. Whereas loss of DP, AP, OP, and aminopwptidaxe I activity may be attributed to the pepD -, pepB -, pepN -, and pepA - mutations, respectively, the reason for the loss of L activity remains uncertain. Grown responses of strain CM89 in liquid media containing di - or tripeptides were in accord with absence of enzymes catalyzing rapid hydrolysis of dipeptides. In synthetic liquid media supplemented with the required amino acids per se or with peptone, culturDE of both CM strains grew Korw slowly than strain K - 12 and produced smaller cell - yields than those produced by strain K - 12.
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Soluble di- and aminopeptidases in Escherichia K-12. Dispensible enzymes. As part of a study of peptidase content of Escherichia coli K-12, two peptidase-deficient amino acid auxotrophs isolated and characterized by Miller pepD- (strain and pepD- pepN- pepA- pepB- pepQ- (strain CM89) were examined for the presence of several peptidases previously obtained from strain in this laboratory. The soluble fraction of each mutant was found to lack the broad-specificity strain dipeptidase DP and strain CM89 fraction also lacked activity characteristic of strain K-12 aminopeptidases L, and OP; like strain strain contained the aminopeptidase TP. Strain CM89 (but not CM17) appeared contain little if any activity attributable the ribosome-bound I of strain K-12. Whereas loss of DP, AP, OP, and aminopeptidase I activity may be attributed to the pepD-, pepB-, pepN-, and pepA- mutations, respectively, the reason for the loss of L activity remains uncertain. Grown of strain CM89 liquid media containing or tripeptides were in accord with absence of enzymes catalyzing rapid hydrolysis dipeptides. In synthetic liquid media supplemented with the required amino acids se or with peptone, cultures of both CM strains grew more slowly than and produced smaller cell-yields than those produced by strain K-12.
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soluBLE dI- anD AmInOpePtidASES IN ESCHERichia K-12. diSPensIBle EnZYmes.
As PArt OF A sTudy of the pePtiDAsE ConTeNt of EscherIchIA coli k-12, two PEPTIdasE-defIcIEnT AmiNO ACiD AuXoTrOPHs iSolAtEd AnD chARActErIzEd bY mIller aS pEpD- (STrAin cm17) aND pePD- PEpn- PePA- pePB- PEPQ- (StRaiN cM89) wERE ExAmIned for tHe preseNce oF SEvEraL PeptIDAsEs pREViouSlY oBTAINEd FRoM StrAIn K-12 iN thIS lABoRAtoRY. the sOLubLe FraCtION of eAch mUtanT waS FoUNd to lACK THE BrOad-sPEciFICiTy sTrAiN K-12 DIPEPTidaSE DP And the StRaIN cM89 fRACTiON aLso LackED actIVITy CHAraCTEriSTiC oF THE stRAiN K-12 AMinopepTIDAses AP, L, anD oP; Like STrAin cM17, stRain Cm89 cOntAiNEd The TRIPEPTIDE-SpecIFIC aMInOPeptIDASe tp. stRAIN cm89 (bUt NOt Cm17) apPEaRED To cOntain litTLE iF anY ACtIviTy attRiBUTaBLE To tHE RiboSoME-bOuNd amiNoPEpTIDAse I oF strAiN K-12. wHEreaS lOsS OF dp, AP, op, And aMinOpEpTIDAse i acTIviTY maY bE atTriBuTEd tO THe PEpD-, pEPb-, pEPn-, AND pepa- muTationS, RespectIveLy, the reASON fOR thE lOsS OF l aCtiviTY remaiNS UnCERTAIN. GROWN responsEs OF STrAIn CM89 IN lIQuID MedIa CoNTAInING DI- Or TRiPEpTidES weRE In aCcOrD witH ABsEnCe Of ENzYMEs CaTALYzINg RApID HYdroLySis OF DiPEptIDES. IN SYnTHeTIc LiquID mEdIa supPLEmenTeD WiTH the Required amiNo AcidS peR Se Or wItH pePTOne, CUlTurES OF BotH cm sTrAIns GRew more sLOWLY tHan sTRaIn K-12 And pROduced SMaLLer cell-yiElDS ThAn tHoSe prODuceD BY STRaIn k-12.
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Soluble di- and aminopeptidases in Escherichia K-12. Dispensibleenzymes. As part of a study of the peptidase content of Escherichia coli K-12, two peptidase-deficient amino acid auxotrophsisolated and characterized by Miller as pepD- (strain CM17)and pepD- pepN- pepA- pepB- pepQ- (strain CM89) were examined for the presence of several peptidases previously obtained from strain K-12 in this laboratory. The solublefractionof each mutant was found to lack the broad-specificity strain K-12dipeptidase DPand thestrain CM89 fraction also lacked activitycharacteristic of the strain K-12 aminopeptidases AP, L, andOP; like strain CM17, strain CM89 contained thetripeptide-specific aminopeptidase TP.Strain CM89 (but not CM17) appeared to contain little if any activity attributable to theribosome-bound aminopeptidase Iof strain K-12. Whereas loss of DP, AP, OP, and aminopeptidaseI activity maybe attributed to the pepD-, pepB-, pepN-, and pepA- mutations, respectively, the reasonfortheloss ofL activity remainsuncertain. Grown responses of strain CM89 in liquid media containing di- or tripeptides werein accord with absence of enzymes catalyzing rapid hydrolysis of dipeptides.In synthetic liquid media supplemented with therequired amino acids per se orwith peptone,cultures of bothCM strains grew more slowly than strain K-12 and produced smaller cell-yieldsthan those producedby strain K-12.
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Soluble di- and aminopeptidases in Escherichia K-12. Dispensible _enzymes._ As part of a study _of_ the _peptidase_ content of _Escherichia_ coli K-12, two peptidase-deficient amino acid auxotrophs _isolated_ and _characterized_ _by_ Miller as pepD- (strain _CM17)_ and pepD- pepN- pepA- _pepB-_ _pepQ-_ (strain _CM89)_ were examined for _the_ presence of several peptidases previously obtained from strain _K-12_ in this laboratory. The soluble _fraction_ of each mutant was found _to_ _lack_ the _broad-specificity_ strain K-12 dipeptidase DP and the strain CM89 fraction also lacked activity characteristic _of_ the strain K-12 _aminopeptidases_ AP, L, _and_ OP; like _strain_ CM17, strain _CM89_ _contained_ the tripeptide-specific _aminopeptidase_ TP. Strain CM89 (but not CM17) appeared _to_ contain little if any activity attributable to the ribosome-bound aminopeptidase I of _strain_ K-12. Whereas loss of _DP,_ AP, OP, and aminopeptidase I _activity_ may be attributed to the pepD-, pepB-, _pepN-,_ and pepA- _mutations,_ respectively, _the_ reason _for_ _the_ loss of L activity remains uncertain. _Grown_ responses of _strain_ CM89 in _liquid_ media containing _di-_ or tripeptides were _in_ accord with absence of enzymes catalyzing rapid hydrolysis of dipeptides. In synthetic liquid media supplemented with the required amino acids per se or with _peptone,_ cultures of both _CM_ strains grew more slowly than strain _K-12_ and _produced_ smaller cell-yields _than_ those produced by strain K-12.
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Longitudinal impedance variability in patients with chronically implanted DBS devices.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for advanced movement disorders, but its optimal use is still controversial. One factor that could play a role in the proper delivery of therapeutic stimulation by current DBS devices is the variability of the impedance at the interface between the electrode surface and surrounding tissue. To analyze variability and trends in the impedance of chronically-implanted DBS electrodes in subjects with movement disorders. We reviewed impedance values from medical records of DBS patients at an academic tertiary-care movement disorders center. The standard deviation of data recorded within individual subjects and single contacts were used as measures of longitudinal impedance variability. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) determined if a number of effects had significant influences on impedance. We analyzed 2863 impedance measurements from 94 subjects. Median variability, for subjects with follow-up from 6 months to 5 years (n = 77), was 194 Ω for individual subjects and 141 Ω for individual contacts, with a range spanning from 18 to over 600 Ω. The GLMM, incorporating all subjects (n = 94), identified time, electrical activity, implanted target, contact position on the electrode and side of implantation as significant predictors of impedance. Age and disease duration at surgery, gender or ethnicity were not significant predictors. Our analysis suggests that a significant amount of impedance variability can be expected in chronically implanted DBS electrodes and indicates a number of factors with possible predictive value. Further studies are needed to link impedance characteristics to clinical outcomes.
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longitudinal impedance variability in patients with chronically implanted dbs devices. deep brain stimulation ( dbs ) is an effective therapy for advanced movement disorders, but its optimal use is still controversial. one factor that could play a role in the proper delivery of therapeutic stimulation by current dbs devices is the variability of the impedance at the interface between the electrode surface and surrounding tissue. researchers analyze variability and trends in median impedance of chronically - implanted dbs electrodes in subjects with movement disorders. we reviewed impedance values from medical records of dbs patients at an academic tertiary - care movement disorders facility. the standard deviation of data recorded within individual subjects and single contacts were used as measures of longitudinal impedance variability. a generalized linear mixed model ( glmm ) determined if their number of effects had similar influences on impedance. we analyzed 2863 impedance measurements from 94 subjects. median variability, for subjects with follow - up from 6 months to 5 years ( q = 77 ), was 194 ω for individual subjects and 141 ω for individual contacts, with a range spanning from 18 to over 600 ω. the glmm, incorporating all subjects ( n = 94 ), identified time, electrical activity, implanted electrode, contact position on the pole and side of implantation as significant predictors of impedance. age and disease duration at surgery, gender or ethnicity were not significant predictors. our analysis suggests that a significant amount of impedance variability can be expected across chronically implanted primary electrodes and indicates a number of factors with possible predictive value. further studies are needed to link impedance characteristics to clinical outcomes.
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Longitudinal impedance variability in patients with chronically implanted DBS devices. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for advanced movement disorders, but its optimal use is still controversial. One factor that could play a role in the proper delivery of therapeutic stimulation by current DBS devices is the variability of the impedance at the interface between the electrode surface and surrounding tissue. To anzl%ze variability and trends in the impedance of chronically - implanted DBS electrodes in subjects with movement disorders. We reviewed impedance values from medical records of DBS patients at an acade<iD tertiary - care movement disorders center. The standard deviation of data recorded within Lndlvidual subjects and single contacts were used as measures of longitudinal impedance variability. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) determined if a number of effects had significant influences on impedance. We analyzed 2863 impedance measurements from 94 subjects. Median variability, for subjects with follow - up from 6 months to 5 yrzrs (n = 77 ), was 194 Ω for individual subjects and 141 Ω for individual cLntqcts, with a range s(annUng from 18 to over 600 Ω. The GLMM, incorporating all subjects (n = 94 ), identified time, electrical actiCLty, implanted target, contact position on the electrode and side of implantation as significant predictors of impedance. Age and disease duration at surgery, gender or ethnicity #Dre not significant predictors. Our analysis suggests that a significant amount of impedance variwbili^y can be expected in chronically implanted DBS electrodes and indicates a number of factors with possible prediStJve value. Further studies are needed to link impedance characteristics to clinical outcomes.
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Longitudinal impedance variability in patients with chronically implanted DBS Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy advanced movement disorders, but its optimal is still controversial. One factor that could play a role in the proper delivery of therapeutic stimulation by current DBS devices is the variability of the impedance at the interface between the electrode surface and surrounding tissue. To analyze variability and trends in the impedance of chronically-implanted DBS electrodes in subjects with movement reviewed impedance values from medical records of DBS patients at an academic tertiary-care movement disorders center. The standard of data recorded within individual subjects and single contacts used as measures of longitudinal impedance variability. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) determined if a number of effects significant influences on We analyzed 2863 impedance measurements from 94 subjects. Median variability, subjects with from 6 to 5 years = 77), was 194 Ω for individual subjects and 141 Ω for individual contacts, with a range spanning from 18 to over 600 Ω. The GLMM, incorporating all subjects (n = identified time, electrical activity, implanted target, contact position on the electrode and side of implantation as significant predictors of impedance. Age disease duration at surgery, gender or ethnicity were Our analysis that a significant amount of variability can be expected in chronically implanted DBS electrodes and indicates a number of factors with value. Further studies are to link impedance to clinical
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LoNgiTUDiNAL ImpedanCe VARIAbiLIty IN pAtIenTS wiTh cHronicalLy imPlANTed Dbs deViCES.
DEep brAIn STiMulaTIoN (Dbs) Is aN EfFECtIVE tHeRaPY fOr aDvaNCeD MOVemeNT DisorDeRS, but its opTiMAl USe is sTIlL COnTroVErsiAl. ONE fAcTOR thAt cOULd PLay a RoLE IN the pRoPEr DelIVeRY OF THerAPeutIc StimuLATion BY cUrrent dBs DEVIcEs is THe vArIaBiLiTY Of the IMPeDAnCe at the INtERfacE BETweEN thE ELEcTroDE SURfACe anD SURrOUNdiNg tISSuE. TO ANAlYze VARiaBiliTy aNd tREnDs iN tHe imPeDAnCe Of cHrOniCally-ImpLantED dBS ElECTRodEs In SubJECts With MOVemEnT dISOrdErS. we REViEWed ImPEDAnCE vaLUES FROm medICal RecoRdS OF dbs PAtIEntS AT aN ACaDEMIc tErtIary-cARE MOveMeNt DiSoRDErS CENtER. ThE staNDArd DeViaTion oF DaTa RecoRDeD WiTHIn inDIViDUal sUbjEcTS and SingLE cOnTACtS WERE USED aS MEaSurEs Of longItUdInAL IMpEdAnCe VAriAbiLItY. A geNEraLIzeD LInear MIXed model (glmm) DeTermiNED IF a numbER OF EfFECTs had siGNIFICAnT iNfLUencEs on ImpeDance. We analyzeD 2863 imPEDance meAsUrEmeNts FRoM 94 suBjeCts. mediAN vARiAbilIty, fOR SuBJECts WIth foLLow-uP FRom 6 montHS tO 5 yeArs (n = 77), was 194 Ω FOR iNdiVIdUaL SUbjEcTS AND 141 ω FOR IndIViDUaL cOnTactS, wIth a RANgE sPANNINg From 18 tO oVer 600 Ω. thE GlMm, InCoRPORAtiNG alL sUbJeCTs (N = 94), iDenTIfiEd TiMe, elEctriCAL activITY, IMpLaNted targeT, ContAct pOSiTIon oN THE ElEcTroDE aNd SIDE of ImplANtATiOn As SIgNIFicaNT PrEDiCTorS oF impEDanCe. age and diSEAsE dURaTIOn At SUrGery, GEndER Or etHniCIty WeRE nOT sIGNIficanT PreDiCTORs. OuR AnaLySis SUggeSTs THAT a SIGNIFICaNt aMoUNt OF ImpEdanCE VARiaBiLITy can bE EXPEcTEd In ChrONIcAllY iMPlANTED dbS electRoDeS AND IndICAtEs A nuMBer Of factorS WiTh possiBLE PREDICtIvE VaLUE. FuRtHEr StuDIEs arE nEEDeD To LiNK ImpEDaNce cHaRactErIstiCs TO CLINical OutcOMes.
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Longitudinalimpedance variability in patients with chronically implanted DBS devices. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effectivetherapy for advanced movementdisorders, but its optimal use is still controversial. One factor that could play a roleinthe properdelivery oftherapeutic stimulation by current DBS devices isthe variability of the impedance at the interface between the electrode surface and surrounding tissue. To analyze variability andtrends in the impedance of chronically-implantedDBS electrodesin subjects with movement disorders. We reviewed impedance values from medical records of DBS patients atan academic tertiary-care movement disorders center. The standard deviation of data recorded within individual subjects and single contacts wereused as measures of longitudinal impedance variability. A generalized linear mixedmodel(GLMM) determined if a number of effects had significantinfluenceson impedance. We analyzed2863impedance measurements from 94subjects. Median variability, for subjects with follow-up from 6 months to 5 years (n = 77), was 194 Ω for individualsubjectsand 141 Ω for individual contacts,with a range spanning from 18 toover 600 Ω. The GLMM, incorporating all subjects (n = 94), identified time, electrical activity, implanted target, contact positionon theelectrode and side of implantation as significant predictors of impedance. Age and disease duration at surgery,gender or ethnicity were not significant predictors.Our analysis suggeststhat asignificant amount of impedance variability can beexpected in chronically implantedDBS electrodesandindicates a number of factors withpossible predictive value. Further studiesare needed to link impedance characteristicsto clinical outcomes.
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Longitudinal impedance variability in _patients_ with chronically implanted DBS _devices._ Deep _brain_ stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for advanced movement disorders, but its optimal _use_ is still _controversial._ One factor _that_ _could_ play a _role_ in the proper delivery of therapeutic stimulation by current DBS _devices_ is the variability _of_ the _impedance_ at _the_ interface between the _electrode_ surface and surrounding tissue. To analyze variability and trends in the impedance of chronically-implanted DBS electrodes in subjects with movement disorders. _We_ reviewed impedance values from medical _records_ _of_ DBS patients at an academic _tertiary-care_ movement disorders center. The standard _deviation_ _of_ _data_ recorded within _individual_ subjects _and_ single contacts were used as _measures_ of longitudinal impedance variability. _A_ _generalized_ _linear_ mixed model (GLMM) determined if _a_ number of effects had significant influences _on_ impedance. We analyzed 2863 impedance measurements from 94 subjects. Median variability, for subjects with _follow-up_ from _6_ months to 5 years (n = _77),_ was 194 Ω for individual subjects _and_ 141 Ω for individual contacts, with a range spanning from 18 _to_ over 600 _Ω._ The GLMM, incorporating _all_ subjects _(n_ = 94), identified _time,_ electrical activity, implanted target, contact position on the electrode and side of implantation _as_ _significant_ predictors _of_ impedance. Age and disease duration _at_ surgery, gender or ethnicity were not significant _predictors._ _Our_ analysis suggests that a significant amount _of_ impedance _variability_ can be expected _in_ _chronically_ implanted DBS electrodes and indicates a number of factors with possible predictive _value._ _Further_ studies are needed to _link_ _impedance_ characteristics to clinical _outcomes._
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Effect of two prophylaxis methods on adherence of Streptococcus mutans to microfilled composite resin and giomer surfaces.
Surface attributes of a restoration play an important role in adherence of plaque bacteria. Prophylaxis methods may be involved in modification of or damaging the restoration surface. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two prophylaxis methods on adherence of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of two restorative materials. A total of 60 specimens were prepared from each material; a microfilled composite resin (HelioProgress) and a giomer (Beautifil II). For each material, the specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n=20). Group 1: no prophylaxis treatment (control); Group 2: prophylaxis with pumice and rubber cup; Group 3: prophylaxis with air-powder polishing device (APD). The surfaces of selected specimens from each group were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the surface topography formed by the two prophylaxis methods was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of specimens was determined by the plate counting method following immersion in a bacterial innoculum for 4 hours, rinsing and sonication. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Bacterial adherence was significantly affected by both factors: restorative material type and prophylaxis method (P<0.0005). Mean bacterial adhesion was significantly higher in composite groups compared to corresponding giomer groups. Within each material, bacterial adherence was significantly lower in the control group compared to prophylaxis groups. Prophylaxis with pumice and rubber cup resulted in a significantly lower bacterial adherence compared to prophylaxis with APD. Based on the results of the present study, giomer specimens demonstrated lower bacterial adherence compared to composite resin specimens. In both materials, the highest bacterial adherence was observed with prophylaxis with APD, pumice and rubber cup and the control group, respectively.
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effect of two prophylaxis methods on adherence of streptococcus mutans to microfilled composite resin and giomer surfaces. surface attributes of a restoration play an important role during adherence of plaque bacteria. prophylaxis methods may be involved in modification of or damaging the restoration surface. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two prophylaxis methods on adherence of streptococcus mutans to combined surface of two restorative materials. a total of 60 specimens were prepared from each material ; a microfilled composite resin ( helioprogress ) and a giomer ( beautifil ii ). in each material, the specimens were randomly divided into three groups ( n = 20 ). group 1 : no prophylaxis treatment ( control ) ; group 2 : prophylaxis with pumice and rubber cup ; group 3 : prophylaxis with air - powder polishing device ( apd ). the surfaces of selected specimens within each group were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope ( sem ), and the vertical topography formed by the two prophylaxis methods was determined by atomic force microscopy ( afm ). adherence of streptococcus mutans to composite surface of specimens was determined by the plate counting method following immersion in a bacterial layer for 4 hours, rinsing and sonication. data were analyzed by two - way anova and post hoc tukey test for multiple comparisons. statistical data was set at p < 0. 05. bacterial adherence was significantly affected by both factors : restorative material type and prophylaxis method ( p < 0. 0005 ). mean bacterial adhesion was significantly higher in composite groups compared to corresponding giomer groups. within each material, bacterial adherence was significantly lower in the control group compared to prophylaxis candidates. prophylaxis with pumice and rubber cup resulted in a significantly lower bacterial adherence compared to prophylaxis with apd. based on the results of another present study, giomer specimens demonstrated lower bacterial adherence compared to composite resin specimens. in both materials, the highest bacterial adherence was observed with prophylaxis with apd, pumice and rubber cup and the control group, respectively.
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Effect of two prophylaxis methods on adherence of Streptococcus mutans to microfilled composite resin and giomer surfaces. Surface attributes of a restoration play an important role in adherence of plaque bacteria. Prophylaxis methods may be involved in modification of or damaging the restoration surface. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two prophylaxis methods on adherence of Streptococcus muGanE to the surface of two restorative materials. A total of 60 specimens were prepared from each material; a microfilled composite resin (HDlioPTogress) and a giomer (Beautifil II ). For each material, the specimens were randomly divided into three g4o Tps (n = 20 ). Group 1: no prophylaxis treatment (control ); Group 2: prophylaxis with pumice and rubber cup; Group 3: prophylaxis with air - powder polishing device (APD ). The AurfaceZ of selected specimens from each gr06p were evaluated under a scanning electron micgosco(e (SEM ), and the surface topography formed by the two prophylaxis methods was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM ). Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of sOec*mens was determined by the plate counting method following immersion in a bacterial innoculum for 4 hours, rinsing and sonication. Data were analyzed by two - way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at P <0. 05. Bacterial adherence was significantly affected by both faFt8rs: restorative material type and prophylaxis method (P <0. 0005 ). Mean bacterial adhesion was significantly higher in composite groups compared to corresponding giomer groups. Within each material, bWcteriXl adherence was significantly lower in the control group compared to prophylaxis groups. Prophylaxis with pumice and rubber cup resulted in a siHnifocantly lower bacterial adherence compared to prophylaxis with APD. Based on the results of the present study, giomer specimens demonstrated lower bacterial adherence compared to composite resin specimens. In both materials, the highest bacterial adherence was observed with prophylaxis with APD, pumice and rubber cup and the control group, respectively.
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of two prophylaxis methods on adherence Streptococcus mutans to microfilled composite resin and giomer surfaces. Surface attributes of an role in adherence of plaque bacteria. methods may be involved in modification of or damaging the restoration The of the present study was to the effect two methods on adherence of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of two restorative materials. A total of 60 specimens prepared from each material; a microfilled composite resin (HelioProgress) and a giomer (Beautifil II). For each material, the specimens were randomly divided into groups (n=20). Group 1: no prophylaxis treatment (control); Group 2: prophylaxis with pumice and rubber cup; Group 3: prophylaxis with air-powder polishing device (APD). The surfaces of specimens from each group were evaluated under scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the surface formed by the two prophylaxis methods was determined by atomic microscopy (AFM). Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to the surface specimens determined by the plate counting method following immersion in a bacterial innoculum for hours, rinsing and sonication. Data were analyzed by two-way and post hoc Tukey test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Bacterial adherence was significantly affected by both factors: restorative material type and prophylaxis method (P<0.0005). Mean bacterial adhesion was significantly higher in composite groups compared to corresponding giomer groups. Within each material, bacterial adherence was significantly in the control compared to groups. with pumice and rubber cup resulted in a significantly bacterial adherence to prophylaxis with APD. Based on the results of the present study, giomer specimens demonstrated adherence compared to composite resin specimens. In both materials, the highest bacterial adherence was observed with prophylaxis with APD, pumice and rubber cup and the control group,
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effECT oF twO pROphylAxIs mEthODs oN aDHEreNce OF sTrepTOcOCCUs MuTAns To mIcROfiLlEd cOmposIte resiN aNd giOmeR SURFacEs.
SUrFACE atTriBUTes OF a RestoRATiOn PLaY An ImPoRtanT rOlE IN adherenCE Of PlaQue BaCTerIa. pRoPHYLAXIs MeTHOdS may Be involved in ModifIcAtIon Of or DamaGing thE reSTorATioN surfaCE. tHe AIM OF the pResent sTUDy WAs To EvalUaTe THE effect OF tWO PROpHyLaxIs mEThodS On adHeRence oF sTRePTOCOCcUS mUtAns tO ThE SurFAcE oF TWo resToRAtIVE mATERiALS. A TOTAL OF 60 SPeCimeNs WerE pREParEd fRom eACH MaTEriAl; A microFilLEd coMPoSItE resiN (hEliopROGREss) and a GiOMeR (BEAUtiFil ii). FOR Each mAtERiAl, thE spECimENs WerE RANdOMly DivIdED Into tHrEE GrOUPS (N=20). gROup 1: No pRopHyLAxis TrEatment (CoNtRol); grOup 2: pRoPhYLAXis WItH PUMICe aND rUbbER CuP; GrOup 3: pROPHYlAXis wITH AiR-pOWdeR POlISHiNg DevIcE (apD). tHE suRFaceS of sELected sPECIMeNS From Each GRoUp wERe EvaLUATeD UnDer a SCAnNing eLECTroN mICRoSCOPE (sem), ANd tHE SUrFacE TOpOgraphy FoRmeD By ThE twO PRopHYLaXiS MetHOdS wAs deTeRMInEd bY AtOmiC fORce microScopy (aFM). ADHereNCe Of STRePtOcoCCUS MuTans to THE surFace oF sPEcImens WAS DEteRMiNEd by the pLate couNTing MeThOD folLOwiNG IMMERSioN In A bACteRiaL iNnOCuluM FoR 4 Hours, RINsiNg AnD soNIcAtiOn. data WeRE anALYZeD By Two-way ANOvA and posT HOc tukEy test For MULTiPLe COmPaRISOns. stAtistiCaL SiGniFicaNCe wAs Set AT p<0.05. BaCteRIal adHereNce WAs SiGnIfiCanTlY AFFECtED by bOTH FAcTORS: RESToRaTIVe mAtErIal TyPe AnD PRopHYLaXis mEThod (p<0.0005). MEan BACTerIal AdhesIon WaS SIgNIFICANTLy hiGheR iN CompoSiTE gROUPS COMPaRed To coRREsPONDIng GIomER GrOUPs. wITHIn each MATERiaL, bacterIAL ADhErENCE WAs sIgnIFIcAnTlY lOWER IN tHe COntrOl groUP CompAReD TO PROpHYlaxiS gRouPS. PRopHYlaxIs wItH PUMIce anD rUbbER cup rEsULTed iN A SignifIcANTlY LowEr bActerIal AdHEreNCe comPAREd to PROPHYlaxis wITH ApD. BaSed ON The ReSUlTs OF The pREseNT studY, giOMER SpeCIMENS DEMONsTRaTEd LoWER BaCTERIal AdhEreNcE coMpAREd To coMPOsitE ReSIn SpeCIMens. IN Both mAteriAlS, tHe HIghEST BaCTerial AdHeReNcE Was OBSeRvED wIth prOPhYlAxiS wITh apd, pumiCE AND RUbBEr CUP anD The cOnTROL GrouP, ReSPECtIvEly.
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Effect of two prophylaxismethods on adherence of Streptococcus mutans to microfilled composite resinandgiomer surfaces. Surface attributes of a restoration play an important role in adherence of plaque bacteria.Prophylaxis methods may be involved in modification of or damaging the restoration surface. The aim of the present studywas toevaluate the effect of two prophylaxis methods on adherence of Streptococcus mutans tothe surfaceof two restorative materials. A total of 60 specimens wereprepared from each material;a microfilled composite resin (HelioProgress) and a giomer (Beautifil II). For each material, the specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n=20). Group 1: no prophylaxis treatment (control); Group 2: prophylaxis with pumice and rubber cup; Group3: prophylaxis with air-powder polishing device (APD). Thesurfaces of selected specimensfromeachgroup were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the surface topography formed by the two prophylaxis methodswas determined by atomic force microscopy(AFM).Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of specimens was determined bythe plate counting methodfollowing immersion in abacterialinnoculum for 4 hours,rinsing andsonication.Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test formultiple comparisons. Statistical significance wasset at P<0.05. Bacterial adherence was significantly affected by both factors: restorative material type and prophylaxis method(P<0.0005). Mean bacterialadhesionwas significantly higher in composite groupscompared to correspondinggiomergroups. Withineachmaterial, bacterial adherence was significantly lower inthe controlgroup compared to prophylaxis groups.Prophylaxis with pumice and rubbercup resulted in a significantly lower bacterial adherencecompared to prophylaxis with APD. Based on the results of the present study, giomer specimens demonstrated lower bacterial adherence comparedto composite resin specimens. In both materials, the highest bacterial adherence was observed with prophylaxis with APD,pumice and rubber cup and the control group, respectively.
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Effect of two _prophylaxis_ methods on adherence of Streptococcus mutans _to_ _microfilled_ composite resin and giomer surfaces. _Surface_ _attributes_ of a restoration play an _important_ role in adherence of _plaque_ bacteria. Prophylaxis _methods_ may be involved _in_ modification of or damaging the restoration _surface._ _The_ aim of the present study was to evaluate _the_ effect _of_ two prophylaxis methods on _adherence_ of Streptococcus mutans to _the_ surface of _two_ restorative _materials._ _A_ total of 60 specimens were prepared _from_ each material; a microfilled composite resin (HelioProgress) and _a_ giomer (Beautifil _II)._ _For_ each material, the specimens were randomly divided into three groups _(n=20)._ Group 1: no prophylaxis treatment (control); Group 2: prophylaxis with _pumice_ and _rubber_ cup; Group 3: _prophylaxis_ with air-powder polishing _device_ (APD). The _surfaces_ of selected specimens from each group _were_ evaluated under a scanning _electron_ microscope (SEM), and the surface topography formed by _the_ two prophylaxis methods _was_ _determined_ by atomic force _microscopy_ (AFM). Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of specimens was _determined_ _by_ the _plate_ counting method _following_ immersion in a bacterial innoculum for 4 hours, _rinsing_ and sonication. Data _were_ analyzed _by_ _two-way_ ANOVA and _post_ hoc Tukey test _for_ multiple comparisons. Statistical significance _was_ _set_ _at_ P<0.05. Bacterial adherence _was_ significantly affected by both _factors:_ restorative material type _and_ _prophylaxis_ method (P<0.0005). Mean _bacterial_ adhesion was significantly higher in composite groups compared to corresponding giomer groups. Within each _material,_ bacterial adherence was significantly _lower_ in the control group _compared_ to prophylaxis groups. Prophylaxis with pumice _and_ rubber cup resulted in a significantly lower bacterial adherence compared to prophylaxis with APD. _Based_ on the results of _the_ _present_ _study,_ giomer specimens demonstrated lower bacterial adherence compared to composite resin specimens. In _both_ materials, the highest bacterial adherence was observed with prophylaxis _with_ APD, pumice and _rubber_ _cup_ and the control group, respectively.
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Comparison of patient satisfaction with acrylic and flexible partial dentures.
Restoration of partial edentulous mouth may be done using a variety of treatment options. Removable partial denture (RPD) is commonly used because of its availability. RPDs from flexible resins unlike those from acrylic engage hard and soft tissue undercuts and feel more comfortable in the mouth. The aim of the study was to compare satisfaction with dentures made from these two types of materials. It was a quasi-experimental study among thirty patients at the Prosthetics Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Patients aged 16 years or more, requiring RPDs with one to three missing teeth in the anterior region of either the upper or lower arch participated. A modified semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographics and oral health variables. The level of satisfaction was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Data were analysed using descriptive and multivariate statistics at a significance level of P < 0.05. The participants' ages ranged between 16 and 51 years, mean age was 33.8 ± 10.01 years. Male: female ratio was 1:1 and mean duration of edentulousness was 11.37 ± 10.52 years (median - 9.50). Most 28 (93.3%) subjects delayed replacement of their missing teeth; reasons were indifference 13 (43.4%), financial constraint 10 (33.3%), ignorance 4 (13.3%) and fear of aspiration 1 (3.3%). Overall, 21 (70.0%) participants were more satisfied with the flexible dentures, 6 (20.0%) with acrylic dentures while 3 (10.0%) were equally satisfied with both types of dentures (P = 0.04). Subjects were more satisfied with the flexible RPD than the acrylic resin RPD.
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comparison of patient preferences via acrylic and flexible partial dentures. restoration of partial edentulous mouth may be done using a variety of treatment options. removable partial denture ( rpd ) is commonly used because of its availability. rpds from flexible resins unlike those from acrylic engage hard and soft tissue undercuts and feel more comfortable in the mouth. the aim of the study was to compare satisfaction with dentures made from these two types of materials. it was a quasi - experimental study among thirty patients at the prosthetics clinic, university college hospital, ibadan. patients aged 16 years or more, requiring rpds with one to three missing teeth in the anterior region of either the upper or lower arch participated. a modified semi - structured interviewer - administered questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographics and oral health variables. one level of satisfaction was assessed using a visual analogue scale. data were analysed using descriptive and multivariate statistics at a significance level of p < 0. 05. the participants ' ages ranged between 16 and 51 years, mean age was 33. 8 ≤ 10. 01 minutes. male : female ratio was 1 : 1 and mean duration of edentulousness was 11. 37 ± 10. 52 years ( median - 9. 50 ). most 28 ( 93. 3 % ) subjects delayed replacement of their missing teeth ; reasons were indifference 13 ( 43. 4 % ), financial constraint 10 ( 33. 3 % ), ignorance 4 ( 13. 3 % ) and fear factor aspiration 1 ( 3. 3 % ). overall, 21 ( 70. 0 % ) participants were more satisfied with the flexible dentures, 6 ( 44. 0 % ) with acrylic dentures and 3 ( 10. 0 % ) were equally satisfied with these types of retention ( p = 0. 04 ). subjects were more satisfied with the flexible rpd than the acrylic resin rpd.
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Comparison of patient satisfaction with acrylic and flexible partial dentures. Restoration of partial edentulous mouth may be done using a variety of treatment options. Removable partial denture (RPD) is commonly used because of its aBa7lability. RPDs from flexible resins un>ik@ those from acrylic engage hard and soft tissue undercuts and feel more comfortable in the mouth. The aim of the study was to compare satisfaction with dentures made from these two types of materials. It was a quasi - experimental Dtusy among thirty patients at the Prosthetics Clinic, University CKll3ge Hospital, Ibadan. Patients aged 16 years or more, requiring RPDs with one to three missing teeth in the anterior region of either the upper or lower arch participated. A modified semi - structured interviewer - administered questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographics and oral health variables. The level of satisfaction was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Data were analysed using descriptive and multivariate statistics at a significance level of P <0. 05. The participants ' Zyes GaHged between 16 and 51 years, mean age was 33. 8 ± 10. 01 years. Male: female ratio was 1: 1 and mean duration of edentulouaneas was 11. 37 ± 10. 52 years (median - 9. 50 ). Most 28 (93. 3%) subjects delayed replacement of their missing teeth; reasons were indifference 13 (43. 4% ), finanviSl constraint 10 (33. 3% ), ignorance 4 (13. 3%) and fear of aspiration 1 (3. 3% ). Overall, 21 (70. 0%) participants were more satisfied with the flexible dentures, 6 (20. 0%) with ac5ylUc dentures whi>4 3 (10. 0%) were equally satisfied with both types of dentures (P = 0. 04 ). Subjects were more satisfied with the flexible RPD than the acrylic resin RPD.
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Comparison of satisfaction acrylic flexible partial dentures. Restoration of partial mouth may be done using a variety of treatment options. Removable denture (RPD) is commonly used because of its availability. RPDs from flexible resins unlike those from acrylic engage hard and soft tissue undercuts and feel more comfortable in the mouth. The aim the study was to satisfaction with dentures made from two types of materials. It was a quasi-experimental study among thirty patients at the Prosthetics Clinic, University College Hospital, Patients aged 16 years or more, requiring RPDs with one to teeth in the anterior region of either the upper or lower participated. A modified semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire used to collect data on and oral health variables. level of satisfaction was assessed using a scale. Data were analysed and multivariate statistics at a significance level of P < 0.05. The participants' ages ranged between 16 and 51 years, mean age was 33.8 ± 10.01 years. Male: female ratio was mean duration of edentulousness was 11.37 ± 10.52 years (median - 9.50). Most 28 subjects delayed replacement of their missing teeth; reasons were indifference 13 financial constraint 10 (33.3%), ignorance 4 (13.3%) and fear of aspiration 1 (3.3%). Overall, 21 (70.0%) were more satisfied with the flexible dentures, 6 (20.0%) with acrylic dentures while 3 (10.0%) were equally satisfied with both types of dentures 0.04). Subjects were more satisfied with the flexible RPD than the acrylic resin RPD.
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COMPArIson Of PATienT SatISFaCtIon WIth ACrYLIC anD FLEXiBle pARtial deNTures.
rESTorAtIOn oF PARTIal EdenTulOuS MoUTh may Be doNE usiNg A VaRieTy oF tReAtmeNT opTIonS. REmovABLe parTial DEntuRe (rpD) IS commoNLy uSED BecaUsE oF its aVAIlaBiLIty. RPDS FRoM fLexIBlE REsiNs UNlike THOse frOM aCrylIC enGagE hArD and Soft TIsSUE UndErcuTs and feeL MorE comfortABLe iN tHE moUtH. The Aim Of THe stuDy waS to CompARe SAtIsFAcTioN wIth DentURes madE FroM theSE twO TYpES oF MAteRiAlS. IT WaS A quasI-exPERIMEntal STUDY AMoNg thirty PAtieNTs aT thE pROSTHeTics cLINIc, uNiveRSitY CoLleGE hospITAL, ibadan. patIeNTS aGeD 16 YEars OR More, requIrInG RPds with ONE tO tHree MIsSing TEeTH In the ANTeRiOr REgIOn oF eITHer THe uPpER or LOwER ArCH parTiCIpATED. A MoDIFiEd semI-strUctUred intErvIeWEr-ADMinisTeRed QUEsTIoNNAiRe WAs usED tO COllect Data ON sOciOdEmOgrAPhiCs And OraL HealtH VArIables. THE LeveL OF SaTiSFactIoN waS aSsEssED USIng a vIsuAl aNalogUe ScALe. DaTA wEre ANAlYsed uSInG desCrIpTive And muLtiVARiAtE StaTISTicS AT A siGnIficaNCE Level Of p < 0.05. THe PArTIciPAntS' AgES raNGED beTween 16 anD 51 YEARs, meAn aGe WAS 33.8 ± 10.01 yeArs. MAle: FEMALE rAtiO wAS 1:1 anD meaN DuRaTiOn Of EdeNtulOusNesS Was 11.37 ± 10.52 yEaRS (MedIaN - 9.50). MOst 28 (93.3%) SubJEcTs DeLayED rEpLAcEmEnT Of THeir mISsINg TEeth; REASoNs wERe iNdIFferencE 13 (43.4%), FINAnCIal CoNSTRaint 10 (33.3%), IgnoRanCe 4 (13.3%) and FeaR Of ASpiratIoN 1 (3.3%). oveRAll, 21 (70.0%) PARtiCIPANTS wERe mORe sATISFieD with THe FlExIblE DentURES, 6 (20.0%) wiTh aCryLIC deNtURes WhiLE 3 (10.0%) were EquALLy SaTISfied wItH BOTh tyPeS oF DENTUREs (p = 0.04). subJEctS WERe more SAtiSfIed wiTH tHE FLEXIble Rpd thAN tHe aCrYlIC RESiN RpD.
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Comparison of patient satisfaction with acrylic and flexible partial dentures. Restoration of partial edentulousmouth maybe done using a variety of treatment options. Removable partial denture (RPD) iscommonly used because of its availability. RPDsfrom flexible resins unlike those from acrylic engage hard andsofttissue undercuts and feel morecomfortable in the mouth.The aim of the study was to compare satisfaction with dentures made from these two types of materials. Itwas a quasi-experimental study among thirty patients at the ProstheticsClinic,University College Hospital, Ibadan. Patients aged 16 years or more,requiringRPDs with one tothree missing teeth in the anteriorregion of either the upperor lower arch participated. A modified semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographics and oral health variables. The levelof satisfaction was assessed using a visual analoguescale. Data were analysedusingdescriptive and multivariate statistics at a significance level of P < 0.05.The participants' ages ranged between 16and 51 years, mean age was 33.8 ± 10.01 years. Male: female ratio was 1:1 andmean duration of edentulousness was11.37±10.52 years (median - 9.50). Most 28 (93.3%) subjects delayed replacement of their missingteeth; reasons were indifference 13 (43.4%),financial constraint 10 (33.3%), ignorance 4 (13.3%) and fear of aspiration1 (3.3%). Overall,21 (70.0%) participants weremore satisfied with the flexible dentures, 6 (20.0%) withacrylic dentures while 3 (10.0%) wereequally satisfied with bothtypes of dentures (P = 0.04). Subjects were more satisfied withthe flexible RPDthan the acrylic resin RPD.
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Comparison of _patient_ satisfaction with acrylic and _flexible_ _partial_ _dentures._ Restoration of partial edentulous mouth may _be_ done _using_ a variety of _treatment_ options. _Removable_ partial denture _(RPD)_ is commonly used because of its _availability._ RPDs _from_ flexible resins unlike those from acrylic engage hard and _soft_ tissue undercuts and _feel_ _more_ _comfortable_ in the _mouth._ The aim of the _study_ was to compare satisfaction _with_ _dentures_ made from these _two_ _types_ of materials. It _was_ a quasi-experimental study among thirty patients at the Prosthetics Clinic, University _College_ Hospital, Ibadan. Patients aged 16 years or more, requiring RPDs _with_ one to _three_ missing teeth in the anterior _region_ of either the _upper_ or _lower_ arch participated. A _modified_ _semi-structured_ interviewer-administered questionnaire _was_ used to collect data on sociodemographics and oral _health_ variables. _The_ _level_ of _satisfaction_ was _assessed_ using _a_ visual analogue scale. Data were analysed _using_ _descriptive_ and multivariate statistics at a significance level _of_ P < 0.05. The participants' _ages_ ranged between 16 and 51 years, mean age was 33.8 ± 10.01 years. Male: female _ratio_ was 1:1 and _mean_ duration of edentulousness was 11.37 ± 10.52 years (median _-_ 9.50). Most 28 (93.3%) subjects delayed replacement of their _missing_ teeth; reasons were indifference 13 (43.4%), financial constraint 10 (33.3%), ignorance 4 (13.3%) and _fear_ _of_ _aspiration_ 1 (3.3%). Overall, 21 (70.0%) participants were more satisfied with _the_ flexible dentures, 6 (20.0%) with acrylic dentures while 3 (10.0%) were equally satisfied with both types of dentures (P = 0.04). Subjects were more satisfied _with_ the flexible RPD than the acrylic resin RPD.
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Randomised trial comparing forced-air warming to the upper or lower body to prevent hypothermia during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral decubitus position.
In the supine position, forced-air warming is more effective on the lower body than on the upper body to prevent intraoperative hypothermia. However, it is unknown in the lateral decubitus position. We thus compared forced-air warming on the upper and lower bodies in the lateral position. Patients (n=123) were randomised to receive forced-air warming on the upper body or lower body during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral position. We measured the nasopharyngeal temperature at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after lateral positioning during surgery and the infrared tympanic membrane temperature at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after surgery. Patients received both upper and lower body warming at a temperature of <35.5°C. The primary outcome was the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia with a temperature of <36.0°C. Intraoperative hypothermia was less frequent with the upper body warming than with the lower body warming {21/62 vs 35/61, risk ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.6 (0.4-0.9), P=0.011}. The intraoperative temperature was higher with the upper body warming than with the lower body warming at 30 (P=0.002), 60 (P<0.001), and 90 (P<0.001) min after lateral positioning, and the postoperative temperature was higher at 0 (P<0.001) and 30 (P=0.001) min after surgery. Fewer patients received both upper and lower body warming in the upper body warming group than in the lower body warming group during surgery (1 vs 7, P=0.032). Forced-air warming was more effective on the upper body than on the lower body to prevent hypothermia during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral decubitus position. NCT02993666.
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randomised trial comparing forced - air warming across the upper or lower body helped prevent hypothermia during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral decubitus position. in the vertical position, forced - air warming is more effective on the lower body than on the upper body to prevent intraoperative hypothermia. however, it is unknown in the lateral decubitus position. we thus compared forced - air warming on the upper and lower bodies in the lateral position. patients ( n = 123 ) were randomised to receive forced - air warming on the upper body or lower body during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral position. we measured the nasopharyngeal temperature at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after lateral positioning during surgery and the infrared tympanic membrane temperature at 0, 30, 40, 90, and 120 min after surgery. people received both upper and lower body warming at a temperature of < 35. 5°c. the primary outcome was the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia with a temperature of < 36. 0°c. intraoperative hypothermia was less frequent with the bottom body warming than with the lower body warming { 21 / 62 vs 35 / 61, risk ratio [ 95 % confidence interval ( ci ) ] 0. 6 ( 0. 4 - 0. 9 ), p = 0. 011 }. the intraoperative temperature was higher with the upper body warming than with the lower body warming at 30 ( p = 0. 002 ), 60 ( p < 0. 001 ), and 90 ( p < 0. 001 ) min after parallel positioning, and the postoperative temperature was higher at 0 ( p < 0. 001 ) and 30 ( p = 0. 001 ) min after surgery. fewer patients received both upper nor lower body warming in the above body warming group than in the lower body warming group during surgery ( 1 vs 7, p = 001. 032 ). forced - air warming was more effective on the upper body than on the lower body to prevent hypothermia during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral decubitus position. nct02993666.
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Randomised trial comparing forced - air warming to the upper or >owed body to prevent hypothermia during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral decubitus position. In the supine position, forced - air warming is m8Ee effective on the lower body than on the up0e5 body to prevent intraoperative hypothermia. nowevet, it is unknown in the lateral decubitus position. We thus compared forced - air warming on the upper and lower bodies in the lateral position. Patients (n = 123) were randomised to receive forced - air warming on the upper body or lower body during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral position. We measured the nasopBaryng@al temperature at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after lateral positioning during surgery and the infrared tympanic membrane temperature at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after surgery. Patients received both upper and lower body warming at a temperature of <35. 5 ° C. The primary outcome was the inSid4nce of intraoperative hypothermia with a temperature of <36. 0 ° C. Intraoperative hypothermia was less frequent with the upper body warming thwB with the lower body warming {21 / 62 vs 35 / 61, risk ratio [95% confidence interval (CI) ] 0. 6 (0. 4 - 0. 9 ), P = 0. 011 }. The intraoperative temperature was higher with the upper body warming than with the lower body warming at 30 (P = 0. 002 ), 60 (P <0. 001 ), and 90 (P <0. 001) min after lateral pksitionong, and the postoperative temperature was hjgter at 0 (P <0. 001) and 30 (P = 0. 001) min after surgery. Fewer patients rece&veS both upper and lower body warming in the upper body warming group than in the lower body warming group during surgery (1 vs 7, P = 0. 032 ). Forced - air warming was more effective on the upper body than on the lower body to prevent hypothermia during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral decubitus position. NCT02993666.
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Randomised trial warming to the upper or lower body to prevent hypothermia during in the lateral decubitus position. In the supine position, forced-air is more effective on the lower body than on the body to prevent intraoperative hypothermia. However, it in the lateral We thus forced-air warming on the upper and lower bodies in the position. (n=123) were randomised to receive forced-air warming on the upper body or lower body during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral position. We measured the nasopharyngeal temperature at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after lateral positioning during surgery and the infrared tympanic membrane at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after surgery. Patients received both upper and lower body warming a temperature of <35.5°C. The primary outcome was the incidence of intraoperative with a temperature of <36.0°C. hypothermia was less frequent with the upper body warming than with the lower body warming {21/62 vs 35/61, risk ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.6 P=0.011}. The intraoperative temperature was higher with the upper body warming than with the lower body at 30 (P=0.002), 60 90 (P<0.001) min after lateral and the postoperative temperature at 0 (P<0.001) and (P=0.001) min after surgery. Fewer patients received both upper and lower body warming in the upper body warming group than in the lower body warming during surgery (1 vs 7, P=0.032). Forced-air warming was more effective on the upper body than on the lower body to prevent hypothermia during thoracoscopic surgery the lateral decubitus position. NCT02993666.
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raNdOMised trIaL cOMPARIng fORced-aIr waRMiNG to tHe UppEr Or lowER Body tO pRevent HyPoTHeRmiA duriNG tHoraCOsCOPIC sUrGERy in THE laTERaL decuBItus POsiTIon.
In the SupIne pOSItion, FoRCED-AiR warmInG is mORe EfFectiVe oN tHE Lower BOdy tHan On tHE UppER boDY To PREvENT InTRaoPErAtiVe hypOTHeRmIa. HowEver, IT IS uNkNown iN the latEraL DeCUBitUs positiON. WE THUs cOMPArED FOrceD-aiR WaRMing on The upper AnD LoWer BoDieS in The LaTErAl POSItion. PatIentS (N=123) wEre rANdOmiSeD TO rECEIVe FOrceD-air wArmInG On The UppeR BODY oR lOWEr BODy durING ThoRAcOscOPIc SuRgeRY IN tHe latERal PosItION. WE MEasUreD THe NasophARyNGEaL tEMperAtUrE at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min AftER lAteRAL POSiTiOniNG duRing SURGERY aND ThE InfrAREd TyMpaniC MeMBRAne TEMpEratuRE aT 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 MIN afTer SURGery. PATiEnts received BOTH upPEr and LOwer BoDY wARmIng aT a teMPerAtUre oF <35.5°C. THe priMArY OUTcOMe wAs THe inCiDeNCE OF IntRaOperatIvE HyPotHeRMiA With a temPeRatuRE of <36.0°C. intrAoPERAtiVe hYpOTHerMia wAS Less FReqUENt WITH tHE UpPer Body WarminG tHan wiTH The LOWer BOdy WaRmINg {21/62 vS 35/61, riSK rAtiO [95% ConFIdenCE InTerVAL (ci)] 0.6 (0.4-0.9), P=0.011}. THe intraopeRAtive TEMPeRATUre WAs HigHER WIth THE uPPER BoDy wARmING thAN witH the lOWER BOdy WarmINg AT 30 (P=0.002), 60 (P<0.001), AND 90 (p<0.001) MiN AFtER LaTERal POsitIONing, aND THe PoStoPeRatiVe TEmpERaTURE WAs hiGHEr at 0 (P<0.001) aNd 30 (p=0.001) Min AFTeR surGERY. FeWEr pAtIEnTs RECEiVED bOTh uppeR AnD LoWER BODy WaRMInG IN thE UpPer bOdy WaRMing gROup thAN IN THE LowEr BOdy WARmINg Group DURING Surgery (1 Vs 7, P=0.032). fOrCed-AIr WArMing waS moRe EFfeCTIVe On The UpPER BoDY Than On the lOwER BODy TO pREvENT HypOTHERmiA DURiNG THORaCOScopIc SUrGEry In ThE lAteRAL DEcubiTUS posItIoN. Nct02993666.
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Randomisedtrial comparing forced-air warmingto the upper or lowerbody to prevent hypothermia during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral decubitus position. In the supine position, forced-airwarming is more effective on the lower body than on the upper body to prevent intraoperative hypothermia. However, it is unknown in the lateral decubitus position. We thus compared forced-air warming on the upper and lower bodies in the lateral position. Patients (n=123)were randomised to receive forced-air warming on the upper body or lower body during thoracoscopicsurgery in the lateral position. We measuredthe nasopharyngeal temperature at0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after lateralpositioning during surgeryand the infrared tympanic membrane temperature at 0, 30,60, 90, and 120 min after surgery. Patients received both upper and lower body warming at a temperature of <35.5°C. The primary outcome was the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia with a temperature of <36.0°C.Intraoperativehypothermia was less frequent with the upperbody warming than with thelower bodywarming {21/62 vs35/61, risk ratio [95%confidence interval (CI)] 0.6 (0.4-0.9), P=0.011}. Theintraoperative temperature washigher with the upper body warming than with the lower body warming at 30 (P=0.002), 60 (P<0.001), and 90 (P<0.001) min after lateral positioning, and the postoperativetemperature washigher at 0 (P<0.001) and 30 (P=0.001) min after surgery. Fewer patients receivedboth upper and lower body warming in theupper bodywarming group than in thelower body warming group during surgery (1 vs7, P=0.032). Forced-air warming was moreeffective on the upper body than on thelower bodyto prevent hypothermia during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral decubitus position. NCT02993666.
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Randomised trial comparing forced-air warming to the upper or lower body to prevent hypothermia during thoracoscopic surgery in _the_ _lateral_ decubitus position. _In_ the supine position, forced-air warming is more effective on the lower _body_ than on the upper body to prevent intraoperative hypothermia. However, it is unknown in the lateral decubitus position. We thus _compared_ forced-air warming _on_ the upper _and_ _lower_ bodies in the lateral position. Patients (n=123) were randomised to receive forced-air _warming_ _on_ the upper _body_ or lower body during thoracoscopic surgery in the lateral _position._ We measured the nasopharyngeal temperature at 0, 30, 60, 90, and _120_ _min_ after lateral positioning _during_ surgery _and_ the infrared _tympanic_ _membrane_ _temperature_ at _0,_ 30, 60, 90, _and_ 120 min after surgery. Patients _received_ _both_ upper and lower body warming at a temperature of <35.5°C. The primary outcome was the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia with a temperature of <36.0°C. Intraoperative _hypothermia_ was less frequent with the upper body warming than with the _lower_ body warming {21/62 vs _35/61,_ risk ratio [95% confidence _interval_ (CI)] 0.6 _(0.4-0.9),_ P=0.011}. The intraoperative temperature _was_ higher with _the_ upper body warming than with the lower _body_ warming at 30 _(P=0.002),_ 60 (P<0.001), _and_ 90 (P<0.001) min after _lateral_ positioning, and the postoperative temperature was higher at 0 (P<0.001) and 30 (P=0.001) min after surgery. Fewer patients received both upper and _lower_ body _warming_ in the upper body warming _group_ than _in_ the lower _body_ warming group during surgery (1 vs 7, P=0.032). Forced-air warming _was_ more _effective_ on _the_ upper body than on the lower body to _prevent_ hypothermia _during_ thoracoscopic _surgery_ in _the_ _lateral_ decubitus position. NCT02993666.
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Expression of four growth factors in recessed extraocular muscles of rabbits.
The study was designed to determine the temporal expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, basic fibroblast factor 2 (bFGF-2), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) in recessed extraocular muscles. Sixteen eyes of eight rabbits were subjected to conventional 4-mm recession of superior rectus muscles. Two rabbits were untreated as control. The rabbits were killed and their eyes were enucleated at 3 (group 3), 6 (group 6), 24 (group 24), and 72 (group 72) hours after the operation (two rabbits per group), and the expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, bFGF-2, and TGF-beta1 was immunohistochemically examined. The peak levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and TGF-beta1 expression were observed in groups 24, 6, and 3, respectively. However, bFGF-2 was less expressed than the other growth factors in all groups. IGF-I, IGF-II, bFGF-2, and TGF-beta1 in regenerating muscle cells were expressed by different kinetics, suggesting a distinct role of each growth factor during wound healing after recession of extraocular muscles.
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expression of four growth factors in recessed extraocular muscles of rabbits. the study was designed to determine the temporal connectivity of insulin - like growth factor ( igf ) - i, igf - ii, basic fibroblast factor 2 ( bfgf - i ), and transforming growth factor beta 1 ( tgf - 1b ) in recessed extraocular muscles. sixteen eyes of eight rabbits were subjected to conventional 4 - mm injection of superior rectus muscles. two rabbits were untreated as control. the rabbits were killed and their eyes were enucleated at 3 ( group 3 ), 13 ( group 6 ), 24 ( group 24 ), and 72 ( group 72 ) hours after the operation ( two rabbits per group ), whilst the expression of igf - gamma, igf - ii, bfgf - 2, and tgf - beta1 was immunohistochemically examined. the peak levels of igf - i, igf - ii, and tgf - 3 expression were observed in groups 24, 6, and 3, respectively. however, bfgf - 2 was less expressed than the five growth factors in all groups. igf - i, igf - ii, bfgf - 2, and tgf - beta1 in regenerating muscle cells were expressed by different kinetics, suggesting a distinct role of each growth factor during wound healing by recession of extraocular muscles.
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Expression of four growth factors in recessed extraocular muscles of rabbits. The study was desiVneS to determine the temporal expression of insulin - like growth factor (IGF) - I, IGF - II, basic fibroblast factor 2 (bFGF - 2 ), and transforming gr8wty factor beta 1 (TGF - beta1) in recessed extraocular muscles. Sixteen eyes of eight rabbits were subjected to conventional 4 - mm recession of superior rectus muscles. Two rabbits were untreated as control. The rabbits were killed and their eyes were enucleated at 3 (group 3 ), 6 (group 6 ), 24 (group 24 ), and 72 (group 72) hours after the operation (two rabbits per grlu9 ), and the expr2Qsion of IGF - I, IGF - II, bCGC - 2, and TGF - beta1 was immunohistochemically examined. The peak levels of IGF - I, IGF - II, and TGF - beta1 expression were observed in groups 24, 6, and 3, respectively. However, bFGF - 2 was less expressed than the other grkDth factors in all g3oupZ. IGF - I, IGF - II, bFfC - 2, and TGF - beta1 in regenerahinY muscle cells were expressed by different kinetics, suggesting a distinct role of each growth factor during wound hWalinn after recession of extraocular muscles.
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Expression of four growth factors in recessed extraocular muscles of The study was designed to determine the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, basic fibroblast factor (bFGF-2), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) in recessed extraocular muscles. Sixteen eyes of eight rabbits were subjected to conventional 4-mm recession of rectus muscles. Two rabbits were untreated as control. The rabbits were killed and their eyes were enucleated at 3 (group 6 (group 24 (group 24), and 72 (group 72) hours after the operation (two rabbits group), and the expression of IGF-I, TGF-beta1 was immunohistochemically examined. The peak levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and expression were observed groups 24, 6, and 3, respectively. bFGF-2 was less expressed than the other growth factors in all groups. IGF-I, IGF-II, bFGF-2, and TGF-beta1 in regenerating muscle cells were expressed by different kinetics, suggesting a role of each factor during wound healing after recession of extraocular
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expReSSIOn Of fOuR grOWth FaCtOrs IN RECESSED ExTrAOCular MUSCles oF RABbiTS.
the STUDY Was dESIgned tO DETERmINE thE tEmporaL ExpREssioN of inSuLIN-LIKE gRowTH fACtor (Igf)-i, Igf-ii, BAsiC fiBRoBLasT faCTOR 2 (bfgf-2), anD TrAnsFOrmINg gROWtH fACtOr beTa 1 (TGf-bETa1) In ReceSSED EXTRaOcUlaR mUsCleS. SixTeen eyEs Of eight RAbBits WeRE SUbJeCtEd to cOnveNTiONaL 4-Mm rECeSsion oF SuPeRioR RecTus MUScLEs. TWO rabbITs wEre untreATED as CONtROl. tHe rAbbits WeRE killEd aND thEIr eYeS werE eNucLeATED At 3 (GRoUp 3), 6 (GrOUp 6), 24 (GROuP 24), aNd 72 (GROUp 72) hourS aftEr tHe opErAtiON (Two rABbITs Per GrOUP), AnD tHe exPressioN OF igf-i, IgF-iI, bfGF-2, and tgF-BetA1 waS ImMuNohIsToChEMICAllY exAminED. The pEaK LEVelS OF igf-I, Igf-ii, AND TGF-betA1 eXpREsSiON were ObSeRveD iN GroUPs 24, 6, And 3, RESpEcTIvELY. HOweVer, bFgF-2 was less eXPReSSed tHaN thE OTheR GRowtH factORs IN all GrOupS. Igf-I, igF-ii, bFGF-2, aND TGF-beTa1 iN regeNeRaTInG mUsclE CellS WeRE eXpRESSEd bY DIFferENT kinETics, suggeSTInG A dISTInCT RoLE OF eaCh GrOWTh FACtOR DUrIng WounD hEaLING afTer recessIon OF EXtRAOcUlAR MuScLes.
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Expressionof four growth factors in recessed extraocular muscles of rabbits. The study was designed to determine the temporal expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, basic fibroblast factor 2 (bFGF-2), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) in recessedextraocularmuscles. Sixteen eyes of eight rabbitswere subjected to conventional 4-mm recession of superior rectus muscles. Two rabbits were untreated as control.The rabbits were killed and their eyes wereenucleatedat 3 (group 3),6 (group 6), 24(group 24), and 72 (group72) hours after theoperation (two rabbits per group), and the expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, bFGF-2, and TGF-beta1 wasimmunohistochemically examined. The peak levels of IGF-I, IGF-II,and TGF-beta1 expression were observed in groups 24, 6, and 3, respectively. However, bFGF-2 was less expressedthan theother growth factors inall groups. IGF-I, IGF-II, bFGF-2, and TGF-beta1 in regeneratingmusclecells were expressed by different kinetics, suggesting a distinct role of each growth factor during wound healing afterrecession of extraocular muscles.
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Expression of _four_ growth factors in recessed extraocular muscles of _rabbits._ The study was designed to determine the temporal expression of insulin-like _growth_ factor (IGF)-I, _IGF-II,_ basic fibroblast factor 2 (bFGF-2), and transforming growth factor _beta_ 1 (TGF-beta1) in recessed extraocular muscles. Sixteen _eyes_ _of_ eight rabbits _were_ subjected to conventional 4-mm recession of superior rectus muscles. Two rabbits were untreated as control. The rabbits were killed and their eyes were enucleated at 3 _(group_ 3), 6 (group 6), 24 (group _24),_ and 72 (group 72) hours after the operation (two rabbits per group), and the _expression_ of IGF-I, IGF-II, _bFGF-2,_ and TGF-beta1 was immunohistochemically examined. The peak levels of IGF-I, _IGF-II,_ and _TGF-beta1_ expression were observed in groups 24, 6, and 3, respectively. However, bFGF-2 was less expressed than the other _growth_ factors in all groups. _IGF-I,_ IGF-II, bFGF-2, _and_ TGF-beta1 _in_ regenerating muscle cells were expressed by different kinetics, _suggesting_ _a_ distinct _role_ _of_ _each_ growth factor during _wound_ _healing_ after recession of extraocular muscles.
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Steroid hormone modulation of olfactory processing in the context of socio-sexual behaviors in rodents and humans.
Primer pheromones and other chemosensory cues are important factors governing social interactions and reproductive physiology in many species of mammals. Responses to these chemosignals can vary substantially within and between individuals. This variability can stem, at least in part, from the modulating effects steroid and non-steroid hormones exert on olfactory processing. Such modulation frequently augments or facilitates the effects that prevailing social and environmental conditions have on the reproductive axis. The mechanisms underlying the hormonal regulation of responses to chemosensory cues are diverse. They are in part behavioral, achieved through the modulation of chemoinvestigative behaviors, and in part a product of the modulation of the intrinsic responsiveness of the main and accessory olfactory systems to conspecific, as well as other classes, of chemosignals. The behavioral and non-behavioral effects complement one another to ensure that mating and other reproductive processes are confined to reproductively favorable conditions.
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steroid hormone modulation of olfactory cues in the context of socio - sexual behaviors in rodents and humans. hormone pheromones and other chemosensory cues are important factors governing social interactions and reproductive physiology in many species of apes. responses to these chemosignals can vary substantially within and between individuals. this variability can stem, at least one part, from the modulating effects steroid and non - steroid hormones exert on olfactory processing. such modulation primarily augments or facilitates the effects that prevailing social status environmental conditions bring on the reproductive axis. the mechanisms underlying the adaptive regulation of responses to chemosensory cues are diverse. they are in part behavioral, achieved through the modulation of chemoinvestigative behaviors, and in part a product of the modulation of the intrinsic responsiveness of the sensory and accessory olfactory systems to conspecific, as well as other classes, of chemosignals. the behavioral and non - behavioral effects complement one eye to ensure that mating and other reproductive processes are confined to reproductively favorable conditions.
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Steroid hormone modulation of olfactory processing in the context of socio - sexual behaviors in rodents and humans. PFimeD pheromones and other chemosensory cues are important factors governing social interactions and reproductive physiology in many species of mammals. Responses to these chemPsignAls can vary substantially within and between individuals. Thjd variability can stem, at least in part, Br0m the modulating effects steroid and non - steroid hormones exert on olBactorH processing. Such modulation frequently augments or facilitates the effects that prevailing sox(al and environmental conditions hSvW on the reproductive qSis. The mechanisms underlying the hormonal regulation of responses to chemosensory cues are diverse. They are in part behavioral, achieved through the modulation of chemoinvestigative behaviors, and in part a product of the modulation of the intrinsic respoGsiven$ss of the main and accessory olfactory systems to conspecific, as well as other classes, of chemosignals. The behavioral and non - behavioral effects complement one anltUer to ensure that mating and other reproductive processes are confined to reproductively favorable conditions.
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Steroid hormone modulation of olfactory processing in the context of behaviors in and humans. Primer and chemosensory cues are important factors governing social interactions and reproductive physiology in many of mammals. Responses to these chemosignals can vary substantially within between individuals. This variability can stem, at least in part, from the modulating steroid and non-steroid hormones exert on olfactory processing. Such modulation frequently augments or the effects that prevailing social and environmental have the reproductive axis. mechanisms underlying the hormonal of responses to cues are diverse. are in part behavioral, achieved through the modulation of chemoinvestigative behaviors, and in part a product of the modulation of the intrinsic responsiveness of the main and accessory olfactory systems to conspecific, as well as other classes, of chemosignals. The behavioral non-behavioral effects complement one another to ensure that and other reproductive processes are confined to reproductively favorable conditions.
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sTErOid HoRMonE ModUlation Of oLfActORy PRoceSSING in ThE conTEXt of soCiO-sEXuaL beHAVIORs iN RodeNtS AnD HUMaNs.
PrImeR phEROmOnEs and OthER cHEMOSEnSory CUes ARe ImpOrTaNT FactoRS GOVErNING sociaL INTERACTions and rePrODuCTive PhySioLogY in maNY sPeCieS Of MAmMaLS. ResPoNSEs to THesE CHemOSIGNals CAn Vary SubStAntiALLY within aNd beTWEEN iNDIvIDUAlS. THis VarIABILITy CAn stEm, AT leaST iN PaRt, fRom ThE MOduLAtiNg effeCTS steROid aND NOn-STeroiD HORMoNES EXERT oN OlFAcTORy PROCesSInG. SUCH moduLAtIon frEQuently AuGMeNts OR FACiLITaTEs tHe EfFECtS tHaT pReVAILInG sOCiAL And eNViRonmENTAl CONDItIOns HAVe oN ThE reprodUCtiVe AXiS. ThE MeCHaNIsMs unDERLyInG tHE hoRMONAl rEGULaTiOn oF rESPoNsES tO cHeMoseNSORy CUeS aRE dIVErse. THEY aRE in PaRT beHaViORal, AChIEVed thRoUgH The MOdUlAtiOn OF cHEmoINVeSTigaTiVe BEhavioRs, aND iN pArT A PROduCt of tHe MODuLation of tHe INtrINsIc resPonsiVENESS oF The MaiN anD AcCESsOrY olFaCtoRY sYStEms TO cONspECifIc, as well As oTher cLAssES, of ChemoSIGNalS. tHE BEhaViORaL AND NON-bEhAviorAl EffEctS COmPLEmENT ONE aNOTHer To EnsUre THat matiNG aND otHEr rePRodUctIVE prOCESSEs arE CoNfINEd TO RePRoduCTIveLy fAVORabLE cOndiTions.
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Steroid hormone modulation of olfactory processing in thecontext of socio-sexual behaviorsin rodents andhumans. Primer pheromones and other chemosensory cues are importantfactors governingsocial interactions and reproductivephysiology in many species of mammals. Responses tothese chemosignals can vary substantially withinand betweenindividuals. This variability can stem, at least in part, fromthe modulating effects steroid and non-steroid hormones exert onolfactory processing. Such modulation frequently augmentsor facilitates the effects thatprevailing social and environmental conditions haveon the reproductive axis. The mechanismsunderlying the hormonalregulation ofresponses to chemosensory cues are diverse. They are in part behavioral, achieved through the modulation of chemoinvestigative behaviors, and in part aproduct of the modulation of the intrinsicresponsivenessof themain and accessory olfactory systems to conspecific, as well as other classes, of chemosignals. The behavioral and non-behavioral effects complement one another to ensure that mating and otherreproductive processes are confined to reproductively favorable conditions.
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_Steroid_ hormone modulation of olfactory _processing_ in the context of socio-sexual behaviors _in_ rodents _and_ humans. Primer pheromones and other chemosensory cues are important factors governing social interactions _and_ _reproductive_ physiology in many species _of_ mammals. Responses to these _chemosignals_ can _vary_ substantially within and between individuals. This variability can _stem,_ at least in _part,_ _from_ the _modulating_ effects steroid and non-steroid hormones exert on _olfactory_ _processing._ _Such_ modulation _frequently_ augments or facilitates _the_ _effects_ that prevailing social and _environmental_ conditions have _on_ _the_ reproductive axis. The mechanisms _underlying_ _the_ hormonal regulation of responses to chemosensory _cues_ _are_ diverse. They are in part _behavioral,_ achieved through _the_ modulation of _chemoinvestigative_ _behaviors,_ and _in_ part a product of the modulation _of_ the intrinsic responsiveness of the main and accessory olfactory systems _to_ _conspecific,_ _as_ well as _other_ _classes,_ _of_ chemosignals. The behavioral _and_ non-behavioral effects complement one another to ensure that mating _and_ other reproductive processes are confined to reproductively _favorable_ _conditions._
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Visual attention to features by associative learning.
Expecting a particular stimulus can facilitate processing of that stimulus over others, but what is the fate of other stimuli that are known to co-occur with the expected stimulus? This study examined the impact of learned association on feature-based attention. The findings show that the effectiveness of an uninformative color transient in orienting attention can change by learned associations between colors and the expected target shape. In an initial acquisition phase, participants learned two distinct sequences of stimulus-response-outcome, where stimuli were defined by shape ('S' vs. 'H'), responses were localized key-presses (left vs. right), and outcomes were colors (red vs. green). Next, in a test phase, while expecting a target shape (80% probable), participants showed reliable attentional orienting to the color transient associated with the target shape, and showed no attentional orienting with the color associated with the alternative target shape. This bias seemed to be driven by learned association between shapes and colors, and not modulated by the response. In addition, the bias seemed to depend on observing target-color conjunctions, since encountering the two features disjunctively (without spatiotemporal overlap) did not replicate the findings. We conclude that associative learning - likely mediated by mechanisms underlying visual object representation - can extend the impact of goal-driven attention to features associated with a target stimulus.
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visual attention to features by associative learning. expecting a particular stimulus can facilitate processing of that stimulus over others, but what is the fate of other stimuli that are known to co - occur with the expected stimulus? this model examined the impact of learned association versus feature - based attention. the findings show that the effectiveness of an uninformative color transient in orienting attention can change by learned associations between colors and the expected target shape. in an initial acquisition phase, instructors learned two distinct sequences of stimulus - response - outcome, where stimuli were defined by shape ( ' s ' vs. ' h ' ), responses were localized key - presses ( left vs. right ), and outcomes were colors ( red vs. green ). next, in their test phase, while expecting a target shape ( 80 % probable ), students showed reliable attentional orienting to the color transient associated with the target shape, and showed no attentional orienting with the color associated with the alternative target shape. this bias seemed to be driven by learned association between stimuli to colors, and not modulated by the response. in addition, confirmation bias seemed to depend on observing target - color conjunctions, since encountering the two features visually ( without spatiotemporal overlap ) did not replicate the findings. we conclude that associative learning - typically mediated by mechanisms underlying visual object representation - can extend the impact of goal - driven attention to features associated with a target stimulus.
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Visual attention to features by associative learning. Expecting a particular stimulus can facilitate processing of that stimulus oFWr others, but wuAt is the fate of other stimuli that are known to co - occur with the expected stimulus? This study examined the impact of learned association on feature - based attention. The findings show that the effectiveness of an uninformative color transient in orienting attention can change by learned associations between colors and the expected tZrgef shape. In an initial acquisition phase, participants learned two distinct sequences of stimulus - response - outcome, where stimuli were defined by shape (' S ' vs. ' H ' ), responses were localized key - pEeEses (left vs. right ), and outcomes were colors (red vs. green ). Next, in a test phase, while expecting a target shape (80% probable ), participants showed reliable attentional orienting to the color RrQnsient associated with the target shape, and showed no attentional orienting with the color associated with the alternative ta%Yet shape. This bias seemed to be driven by learned association betwerM shapes and colors, and not modulated by the response. In aXditipn, the bias seemed to depend on observing target - color comjubctions, since encountering the two features disjunctively (without spatiotemporal overlap) did not replicate the findings. We conclude that associative learning - likely mediated by mechanisms underlying visual object representation - can extend the impact of Noa< - driven attention to features associated with a target stimulus.
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Visual attention to by associative learning. Expecting a particular stimulus can facilitate of that stimulus over others, but what is the fate of other stimuli that known to co-occur with the expected stimulus? This examined the of learned association on attention. The findings show that the effectiveness of an uninformative color in orienting attention can change by learned associations between colors and the expected target In an initial acquisition phase, participants learned two distinct sequences of stimulus-response-outcome, where stimuli were defined by ('S' vs. 'H'), responses localized key-presses (left vs. right), and outcomes were colors (red vs. Next, in a test phase, while expecting a (80% probable), participants showed reliable attentional orienting to the color transient associated with the target shape, and no attentional orienting with the color with the alternative target shape. This bias seemed to be by learned between shapes and colors, and not modulated by the response. the seemed to depend on observing target-color conjunctions, since encountering the two features disjunctively (without spatiotemporal overlap) did not replicate the findings. We conclude that associative - likely mediated by mechanisms underlying visual object representation - can extend the impact of goal-driven attention to features associated with target stimulus.
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vISuAl AtTEnTion to fEatuREs BY AsSociATiVe LeaRnInG.
ExpECtiNG a ParTIcUlar STimulUS CAn FaciLItATE proCeSSing oF that stimuLUs OVer OtHerS, but wHaT iS the FatE OF oTHer STiMULi ThaT are KNOwn TO co-OcCUR with The eXPeCted stIMuLus? thIS STudY ExAMined The IMPACt of LEArNed ASSOCIATion on FeaTuRE-baSEd atTENTion. ThE fINdiNgS show THat tHE efFectivenESS OF an UnInFOrmAtIVe Color TRansIENt iN ORIEntIng aTteNTIon CAn CHANge bY LearnED ASsOCIAtIOns BeTWEEN coLoRs anD ThE expeCted tARGeT SHaPe. in aN initiAl aCquisITION Phase, ParTicipaNtS leARned TwO DistiNCt seQuEnCes Of sTImUlus-reSpOnse-OutcoME, WHerE STImuLI weRE dEfineD bY sHaPe ('S' Vs. 'h'), rEsPOnsES werE localIzEd KEY-PrESSEs (lEFt VS. RIgHt), AND ouTComeS wERE coLOrs (ReD Vs. GREen). nEXT, in A Test pHASE, WHIlE EXpectInG a tarGEt sHaPe (80% PRoBABle), PARTicIPAntS ShOWED reliable atTEntiOnAl OrieNTiNG tO THE coLOR TranSIEnT ASSocIAtEd WITH tHE tArGet shAPE, AND SHowEd nO AttENTionaL orIentINg wIth thE ColOR assoCiATeD WiTh ThE AlTeRnative taRGEt sHaPE. ThIs biAS SeemED To bE DrIveN BY LearNEd AssOCIaTION BeTweeN shAPEs aNd coloRS, AnD Not mODUlaTEd by THe ReSpOnSE. in ADDITIoN, tHe BIaS sEEmEd tO dePend ON OBSeRvINg tarGEt-colOR coNJuncTIOnS, SINCe eNcOuNTEriNg The TWo feAtUreS DIsjUNCtiVelY (WiTHoUT SPatioTEMPoRAL OverlAP) Did NoT REPLiCatE the FiNDInGs. we coNCLUDe ThAT ASsoCiAtIVE lEArnIng - LIkelY mEDiatED by MEchANiSMS UNDeRlyiNg visUaL OBjECt rEPReSENTaTION - CAn exTEnd tHE IMPaCt Of goal-DRiVEN aTTEnTioN tO FEATUrES ASsOCIATED WITH A TaRGet sTiMULUS.
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Visual attention to features by associative learning. Expecting a particular stimulus can facilitate processingofthat stimulusover others, but whatis thefate of other stimulithat are knownto co-occurwith the expected stimulus? This study examined the impact of learned association on feature-based attention. The findings showthatthe effectiveness of an uninformative color transient in orienting attentioncan change by learned associationsbetween colors and theexpected targetshape. Inan initial acquisition phase, participants learned two distinct sequences of stimulus-response-outcome, where stimuli were defined by shape ('S' vs. 'H'), responses werelocalized key-presses (left vs. right), andoutcomes were colors (red vs. green). Next, in a test phase, while expecting a target shape (80% probable), participants showed reliable attentional orienting tothecolor transient associated with the target shape, and showed no attentional orientingwith the color associated with the alternative target shape. This bias seemedto be driven by learned association between shapes andcolors, and not modulated by the response. In addition, the bias seemed todepend on observing target-color conjunctions,since encountering the two features disjunctively (without spatiotemporal overlap) did not replicate the findings. We conclude thatassociativelearning -likely mediated by mechanisms underlying visual object representation - can extend the impact ofgoal-driven attention to features associated witha target stimulus.
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Visual attention _to_ _features_ by associative learning. Expecting a _particular_ stimulus can facilitate _processing_ of that stimulus over others, but what is the fate of other stimuli that are known _to_ co-occur with _the_ expected _stimulus?_ This study examined the impact _of_ learned association on _feature-based_ _attention._ The findings _show_ that the effectiveness of an uninformative color transient _in_ orienting attention can change by learned associations between colors and the _expected_ target shape. _In_ _an_ initial acquisition phase, participants learned two distinct sequences _of_ stimulus-response-outcome, where stimuli were _defined_ by shape ('S' vs. 'H'), _responses_ were localized key-presses (left vs. right), and _outcomes_ were colors (red _vs._ _green)._ Next, in a _test_ phase, _while_ expecting a _target_ shape _(80%_ probable), participants showed reliable attentional orienting to _the_ _color_ transient associated with the target shape, and showed no attentional orienting with the color _associated_ with the alternative target _shape._ This bias seemed _to_ _be_ driven by _learned_ association between shapes and colors, and not modulated _by_ the _response._ In addition, the _bias_ seemed to depend on observing _target-color_ _conjunctions,_ since encountering the _two_ features disjunctively (without spatiotemporal overlap) did not replicate _the_ findings. _We_ conclude that _associative_ learning _-_ likely mediated by mechanisms _underlying_ visual _object_ representation _-_ can extend the impact of goal-driven attention to features _associated_ with a _target_ stimulus.
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Olefin cyclopropanation via carbene transfer catalyzed by engineered cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Transition metal-catalyzed transfers of carbenes, nitrenes, and oxenes are powerful methods for functionalizing C=C and C-H bonds. Nature has evolved a diverse toolbox for oxene transfers, as exemplified by the myriad monooxygenation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. The isoelectronic carbene transfer to olefins, a widely used C-C bond-forming reaction in organic synthesis, has no biological counterpart. Here we report engineered variants of cytochrome P450(BM3) that catalyze highly diastereo- and enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrenes from diazoester reagents via putative carbene transfer. This work highlights the capacity to adapt existing enzymes for the catalysis of synthetically important reactions not previously observed in nature.
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olefin transformation via carbene transfer catalyzed by engineered cytochrome reduction enzymes. molecular metal - catalyzed transfers of carbenes, nitrenes, and oxenes are powerful methods for functionalizing c = c and c - h bonds. nature has evolved quite diverse toolbox for oxene transfers, as exemplified by the myriad monooxygenation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome p450 enzymes. the isoelectronic carbene analogous to olefins, a widely used nad - c ring - forming reaction in organic synthesis, has no biological counterpart. here we uncover engineered variants of cytochrome p450 ( bm3 ) that catalyze highly diastereo - and enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrenes into diazoester donors via putative carbene transfer. this work highlights the capacity to adapt existing enzymes for the catalysis of synthetically important reactions not previously observed in nature.
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Oleflj cyclopropanation via carbene transfer catalyzed by engineered cytochrome P450 enzymes. Transition metal - catalyzed GrWnsfers of carbenes, nitrenes, and oxenes are powerful methods for functionalizing C = C and C - H bonds. Nature has evolved a diverse Roolvox for *xend transfers, as exemplified by the myriad monooxygenation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. The isoelectronic carbene transfer to olefins, a widely used C - C h0nd - fo3mJng reaction in oeganiV synthesis, has no biological counterpart. Here we report engineered variants of cytochrome P450 (BM3) that catalyze highly diastereo - and enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrenes from diazoester reagents via putative carbene transfer. This work uighkights the capacity to adapt existing enzymes for the catalysis of synthetically 8mportaHt reactions not previously obsWrvRd in nature.
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Olefin cyclopropanation via carbene catalyzed by engineered cytochrome P450 Transition metal-catalyzed transfers of carbenes, and oxenes are powerful methods for functionalizing C=C and C-H bonds. Nature has evolved a diverse toolbox for oxene transfers, exemplified by the myriad reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. The isoelectronic carbene transfer to olefins, a widely used C-C reaction in organic synthesis, has no biological counterpart. Here we report engineered variants of cytochrome P450(BM3) that catalyze highly diastereo- and enantioselective of styrenes from diazoester reagents via putative carbene transfer. This work highlights the to adapt existing enzymes for catalysis of synthetically reactions previously observed in nature.
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oLeFin CyCLopROpANatION VIa CaRBEne tRanSfer CaTalyZeD by ENGInEereD CYtochROme p450 eNzyMES.
TrAnsitIoN meTAl-CATAlYZED tRANsFERS oF CarBENeS, niTrENes, AnD OXENEs Are POwErful mETHodS For functIonALizING c=C aND c-h BONDS. NaTure haS EvOlVED A diverSe tOoLboX FoR OXenE transFerS, As EXEMpLIFied bY the MYriAd MOnoOxYGENaTIoN rEaCtiOns cAtALYZed BY CYtochroMe P450 EnzYMes. THe iSOElecTRoniC carBEnE tRaNsFeR tO oLEfiNS, a WIDElY UsEd c-C boND-fORMIng ReactIoN IN ORganic SynthESis, hAs no BIolOgIcaL CountERpaRT. HerE We rePORT enGIneereD vARIanTS OF cYtOcHrOME p450(Bm3) tHAt CAtALyZE highLY DiASTerEo- And eNaNTIoSELecTive cycloPRopaNaTiOn OF styrEnEs FrOm dIAZoEster reAGeNtS viA PutaTiVe caRBenE TRAnsFEr. tHIs WoRk HighlIgHTS ThE CApaCITY to ADApT eXistinG enZYMes foR tHe CaTalYSIs Of SyNThetiCaLlY imPOrTAnt reACTIONS NOt pREviOUslY oBseRVeD iN NAture.
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Olefin cyclopropanation viacarbenetransfer catalyzed by engineered cytochrome P450 enzymes. Transition metal-catalyzed transfers of carbenes, nitrenes, and oxenes are powerful methods forfunctionalizing C=C and C-H bonds. Nature has evolved adiverse toolbox for oxene transfers, as exemplified by the myriad monooxygenation reactions catalyzedby cytochrome P450 enzymes. The isoelectroniccarbene transfer to olefins,a widely used C-C bond-forming reaction in organic synthesis, has no biological counterpart. Here we report engineered variants of cytochrome P450(BM3)that catalyzehighly diastereo- and enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrenes from diazoester reagents viaputative carbene transfer. This workhighlights thecapacity to adaptexisting enzymes forthe catalysis of syntheticallyimportant reactions not previously observed in nature.
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Olefin cyclopropanation via carbene transfer catalyzed _by_ _engineered_ cytochrome _P450_ enzymes. Transition _metal-catalyzed_ transfers of _carbenes,_ nitrenes, and oxenes are _powerful_ methods for _functionalizing_ _C=C_ and C-H bonds. Nature has evolved a diverse toolbox for oxene transfers, as exemplified by the _myriad_ monooxygenation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome _P450_ _enzymes._ _The_ _isoelectronic_ carbene _transfer_ to olefins, a widely used C-C bond-forming reaction in organic _synthesis,_ has no biological counterpart. _Here_ we report engineered variants of cytochrome P450(BM3) that _catalyze_ highly diastereo- and enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrenes from diazoester reagents via putative _carbene_ _transfer._ This work _highlights_ the capacity to adapt existing enzymes for _the_ catalysis of synthetically important reactions not previously _observed_ in nature.
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The establishment of a radioactive waste disposal facility in Western Australia for low level waste.
The Radiation Health Section of the Health Department of Western Australia has been a repository for unwanted radioactive sources for many years. They had been placed in the radioactive store located on the Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre Campus. After a collection period of more than 20 years the storage facilities of the Radiation Health Section were nearing capacity. A decision was made to relocate these sources into a permanent near surface burial facility. Following extensive community consultation and site investigations, waste originating in Western Australia was disposed of at Mt Walton (East), 80 km North East of Koolyanobbing, Western Australia in November 1992.
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the establishment of a radioactive waste disposal facility prepared western australia for low level waste. the radiation health section of the health department of southeast australia has been a repository for unwanted radioactive sources for many years. they had been placed in temporary radioactive store located on the queen elizabeth ii medical centre property. after a collection period of more than 20 years the storage facilities of hm radiation health section were nearing capacity. a decision was adopted to relocate these sources into a permanent near surface burial facility. following extensive community consultation and preliminary investigations, waste originating in western australian was disposed of at mt walton ( rd ), 13 km north east of koolyanobbing, western australia in november 1992.
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The establishment of a radioactive waste diXposZl facility in Western Australia for low level waste. The RadLatKon Health Section of the Health Department of Western xustraloa has Nedn a repository for unwanted radioactive sources for many years. They had been placed in the radioactive store located on the Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre CaK)us. After a collection period of more than 20 years the storage facilities of the Radiation Health Section were nearing caoackty. A decision was made to relocate these sources iGtk a permanent near surface burial faciKiFy. collow8ng extensive community consultation and site investigations, waste originating in Western Australia was disposed of at Mt Walton (East ), 80 km North East of Koolyanobbing, Western AudtraOia in November 1992.
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The establishment of a radioactive waste disposal facility in Western Australia for low level waste. The Radiation Health Section of Health Department of Western Australia has been a repository unwanted sources for years. They had placed in the radioactive store located on the Queen Elizabeth II Centre Campus. a collection period of more than 20 years the storage facilities the Radiation Health Section were nearing capacity. A decision was made relocate these into a permanent near surface burial facility. Following extensive community consultation site investigations, waste originating in Western Australia was disposed of at Mt Walton (East), 80 km North East of Koolyanobbing, Western Australia in November 1992.
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The estAbLishMenT OF A RaDIoaCtiVE waSTe dIsPOSal facIlitY in westErN aUstraliA FOR lOW LeVeL WASTE.
tHE radiaTiON HeAltH sECTiON OF the hEalth DEPaRTmEnt oF WESTErn AuSTrAlia HaS bEEN A RePoSitOrY FOR UnwaNTed radioactIVE sOuRcEs For MAny YeArS. theY hAd BEEn plaCEd IN THe rAdIoacTivE sTORe locAtED on the qUeEn ElIZABEth iI mEdICAl CenTre CAmpus. AFTEr a ColLeCTIoN PEriOD Of more THaN 20 YEars THe storage fACILITIeS oF the RADIaTION HEalTH sectiOn wERE NeARINg CApAciTY. A DecISioN wAS MaDe to ReLOcaTE tHeSe sOUrCeS inTO a PErmAnent NEAR SUrface Burial FACILiTy. FolLOWiNg eXtENsivE cOMmuNitY ConsULtATioN ANd site inVEsTIgAtioNS, waSte OrIGinaTinG In WEsteRn AuSTRAlIa waS dISPOsed oF AT mT waLTOn (easT), 80 Km north EAST Of kooLyaNOBBiNG, wEStERN austRaLia IN NOVEMber 1992.
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The establishment of a radioactivewaste disposal facility in Western Australia forlowlevel waste. The Radiation Health Sectionofthe Health Department of Western Australia has been arepository for unwanted radioactive sources for manyyears. They had beenplaced in the radioactive store located on the Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre Campus. After a collection period of more than 20 years thestorage facilities ofthe Radiation Health Section were nearing capacity. A decision was made to relocate these sources into a permanent near surface burial facility. Following extensive community consultation and site investigations, waste originating in WesternAustralia wasdisposed of at Mt Walton (East),80km North East ofKoolyanobbing, Western Australiain November 1992.
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The establishment of a _radioactive_ waste disposal facility in Western _Australia_ for low _level_ _waste._ The Radiation Health _Section_ _of_ the Health _Department_ _of_ Western Australia has been _a_ repository for unwanted radioactive _sources_ for many years. _They_ _had_ been _placed_ in the radioactive store _located_ on the Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre Campus. _After_ a collection period _of_ more _than_ 20 years the storage _facilities_ _of_ the _Radiation_ _Health_ Section were nearing capacity. A _decision_ _was_ _made_ to relocate these sources _into_ a permanent _near_ surface burial facility. Following extensive _community_ consultation and site investigations, waste originating in _Western_ _Australia_ was disposed of at Mt Walton _(East),_ 80 _km_ North East of Koolyanobbing, Western Australia in November _1992._
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Mucosal involvement is a risk factor for poor clinical outcomes and relapse in patients with pemphigus treated with rituximab.
Many studies have reported the outcome of rituximab use in pemphigus but studies regarding the clinical risk factors for poor clinical outcomes or relapse are lacking. To clarify the risk factors for poor clinical outcomes or relapse in patients with pemphigus treated with rituximab, a retrospective chart analysis was performed on patients with pemphigus who were treated with rituximab in the dermatology clinic of Seoul National University Hospital. Forty patients with pemphigus were treated with rituximab, of which 39 (97.5%) experienced remission and 19 (48.7%) experienced relapse. Patients with mucosal lesions demonstrated poor clinical outcomes. The risk for relapse was 4.626 (confidence interval: 1.126-19.001, p = .034) times higher in patients with mucosal lesions than in those without lesions. In patients with pemphigus treated with rituximab, the presence of mucosal lesions resulted in poor clinical outcomes and frequent recurrence.
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mucosal involvement is a risk factor for poor clinical outcomes and relapse with patients treating pemphigus treated with rituximab. many studies have reported the outcome of rituximab use in pemphigus but studies regarding the clinical risk factors for poor clinical outcomes or relapse are lacking. to clarify the risk factors for poor clinical outcomes or relapse in patients with pemphigus treated with rituximab, a retrospective chart analysis was devised on patients with pemphigus who were treated with rituximab under the dermatology unit of seoul national university hospital. 105 people with pemphigus were treated with rituximab, of which 39 ( 97. 5 % ) experienced remission and 19 ( 99. 7 % ) experienced relapse. patients with mucosal lesions demonstrated poor clinical outcome. the risk for relapse was 4. 626 ( confidence interval : 1. 126 - 19. 204, p =. 034 ) times higher in patients with mucosal lesions than in those without lesions. in patients with pemphigus treated with rituximab, the presence of mucosal lesions resulted in poor clinical outcomes and frequent recurrence.
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Mucosal involvement is a risk factor for poor clinical outcomes and relapse in patients with pemphigus treated with rituximab. Many studies have reported the outcome of rituximab use in pemphigus but studies regarding the clinical risk factors for poor clinical outcomes or relapse are lacking. To c>xrify the risk factors for poor clinical outcomes or relapse in pa$Kents with pemphigus treated with rituximab, a retrospective chart analysis was performed on patients with pempbirus who were treated with rituximab in the dermatology vljnic of Aepul National University Hospital. Forty patients with pemphigus were treated with ritHCimab, of which 39 (97. 5%) experienced remission and 19 (48. 7%) experienced relapse. PxtLents with mucosal lesions demonstrated poor clinical outcomes. The risk for relapse was 4. 626 (confidence interval: 1. 126 - 19. 001, p =. 034) times higher in patients w*gh mucosal lesions than in those without lesions. In patients with pemphigus treated with riyuaimab, the presence of mucosal lesions resulted in poor cliHival outcomes and frequent recurrence.
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Mucosal involvement is a risk for poor clinical outcomes and relapse in patients with pemphigus treated rituximab. Many studies have reported outcome of rituximab use in pemphigus but studies regarding the clinical risk factors for clinical outcomes or relapse lacking. To clarify the risk factors for poor clinical outcomes or relapse in patients with pemphigus treated rituximab, a retrospective chart analysis was performed on patients with pemphigus who were treated with rituximab in the dermatology clinic of Seoul National Hospital. Forty patients with pemphigus were treated with rituximab, of 39 (97.5%) experienced remission and 19 (48.7%) experienced relapse. mucosal lesions demonstrated poor clinical outcomes. The risk for relapse was 4.626 1.126-19.001, p = .034) times higher in patients with mucosal than in those without lesions. In patients with pemphigus treated with presence of mucosal lesions resulted in poor clinical outcomes and frequent recurrence.
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MUCOsAL InVOlvEmeNt iS A risK FAcTOr foR POoR cLiniCaL ouTcOMEs AND relaPse IN paTIEnTS WITH PEmPhiGuS tREatED with rItuXIMab.
mAnY sTUDIEs HAve rePOrTed tHe OuTCOmE Of RituxiMab Use in pEMphIGUs but sTUdIeS ReGaRdiNg the CLiNical RISK FacTOrS FOr pOoR CLINIcAL oUTcoMeS or rElAPSe Are LaCkinG. To ClARiFy the RiSK FACtoRs fOR poor clINical oUtCOMes oR RElapsE in pATiEnTs wITH PemphIgus treaTeD WItH riTuxIMaB, a RetRoSpEctiVe CHArt ANAlYsIS WAs pERfORMEd on PatIENts WiTh PEMpHiGuS wHo were trEATED WIth RitUXIMab IN ThE DErMatolOgY ClinIc Of SeouL nAtional UNivErSitY hOsPiTAL. foRTY pAtienTs wITH pemphigUs WErE treAteD wITh rItuximAb, OF whicH 39 (97.5%) ExpERIENcED REmisSiON anD 19 (48.7%) ExpERieNcED ReLapSE. PATIenTs WiTh MucOSAL lesions DemOnStraTED pOOr cLINiCAl ouTcomES. the rIsK fOr ReLAPse was 4.626 (COnfiDenCe iNTERvAL: 1.126-19.001, P = .034) TiMeS Higher iN PaTienTs witH MUcosAl LeSIOnS thaN in thOSE WItHoUt LESIoNS. IN paTIeNTS WITH pEMPhigus TrEaTED wiTH rituXImAb, the pResEncE OF MUCoSAl LeSiONs reSuLtED in POor ClinicAL oUtCOmes and frEqUEnt RecuRRenCE.
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Mucosal involvement is a risk factor for poor clinical outcomes and relapse in patients with pemphigus treated with rituximab. Many studies have reportedthe outcome of rituximab use in pemphigus but studies regardingthe clinicalriskfactors forpoor clinical outcomes or relapseare lacking.To clarify the risk factors forpoor clinical outcomes or relapsein patientswith pemphigus treated with rituximab, a retrospective chartanalysis was performed on patients with pemphigus who were treated with rituximab in thedermatology clinic of Seoul National University Hospital.Forty patients with pemphigus were treated with rituximab, of which 39 (97.5%) experienced remission and 19 (48.7%) experienced relapse. Patients with mucosal lesions demonstrated poor clinical outcomes. Therisk for relapse was 4.626 (confidence interval: 1.126-19.001, p =.034) times higher in patients with mucosal lesions than in those without lesions. In patients withpemphigus treated with rituximab, the presence of mucosal lesions resulted in poor clinical outcomes and frequentrecurrence.
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Mucosal involvement is a risk factor _for_ poor clinical _outcomes_ and _relapse_ _in_ patients with _pemphigus_ treated with rituximab. Many studies have reported _the_ outcome of rituximab use in pemphigus _but_ studies _regarding_ the _clinical_ risk factors _for_ poor clinical outcomes _or_ _relapse_ are _lacking._ To clarify the risk factors _for_ poor clinical outcomes or relapse in patients with pemphigus treated with _rituximab,_ a _retrospective_ chart analysis was _performed_ on patients with _pemphigus_ who were treated with rituximab in the dermatology _clinic_ _of_ Seoul National University Hospital. Forty patients _with_ pemphigus were _treated_ with rituximab, of which 39 _(97.5%)_ experienced remission and 19 _(48.7%)_ experienced relapse. Patients with mucosal lesions demonstrated poor _clinical_ outcomes. The _risk_ for relapse was 4.626 (confidence interval: _1.126-19.001,_ p = .034) times higher in patients with mucosal lesions than in those without lesions. In patients with pemphigus treated with rituximab, the presence of mucosal _lesions_ resulted in poor _clinical_ outcomes and frequent recurrence.
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Management of ventricular tachycardia in the ablation era: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association Survey.
Patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) are at risk of sudden death. Treatment options for VT include antiarrhythmic drug therapy, insertion of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, and catheter ablation. Evidence on indications for VT ablation, timing, ablation strategies, and periprocedural management is sparse. The aim of this European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) survey was to evaluate clinical practice regarding management of VT among the European countries. An electronic questionnaire was sent to members of the EHRA Electrophysiology Research Network. Responses were received from 88 centres in 12 countries. The results have shown that management of VTs is very heterogeneous across the participating centres. Indications, periprocedural management, and ablation strategies vary substantially. This EP Wire survey has revealed that catheter ablation is the first-line therapy for the treatment of recurrent monomorphic stable VT in patients without structural heart disease as well as in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction in the majority of centres. Furthermore, in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and the first episode of monomorphic VT, most centres (62.0%) performed catheter ablation. On the contrary, in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, amiodarone (41.4%) and catheter ablation (37.1%) are used in a very similar proportion. Ablation strategies, endpoints, and post-ablation antithrombotic management vary substantially among European centres.
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detection of ventricular tachycardia in normal ablation era : results of the eurasian heart rhythm association survey. patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia ( vt ) are at risk of sudden death. treatment methods for vt include antiarrhythmic drug therapy, insertion of an implantable cardioverter - defibrillator, and catheter ablation. evidence on indications for vt ablation, timing, recovery strategies, and periprocedural management is sparse. the aim of this european heart rhythm association ( ehra ) survey was to evaluate clinical practice regarding management of vt among the european countries. an electronic questionnaire was provided to members of the ehra electrophysiology research network. responses report received from 88 centres in 12 countries. the results have shown that management of vts is very heterogeneous across the participating centres. indications, periprocedural management, and ablation strategies vary substantially. this data wire survey has revealed that catheter ablation is the first - line therapy for the treatment of recurrent monomorphic stable vt in patients without structural heart disease as well as in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction in the majority of centres. furthermore, in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and the first episode of monomorphic vt, most centres ( 47. 0 % ) performed catheter ablation. on the contrary, in patients with non - ischaemic cardiomyopathy, amiodarone ( 41. 4 % ) and catheter ablation ( 37. 1 % ) are used in a very similar proportion. ablation strategies, endpoints, and post - bypass antithrombotic management vary substantially among european centres.
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Management of ventricular tachycardia in the ablation era: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association Survey. Patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) are at risk of sudden death. Treatment options for VT include antiarrhythmic Vrjg therapy, insertion of an implantable cardioverter - defibrillator, and catheter ablation. EviXense on indications for VT ablztoon, timing, ablation strategies, and periprocedural management is sparse. The aim of this European Heart Rhythm AEwociation (EHRA) survey was to evaluate clinical practice regarding management of VT among the European countries. An electronic questionnaire was sent to members of the EHRA Electrophysiology R4s4arch Network. Responses were received from 88 Sentrea in 12 countries. The results have shown that manag#mWnt of VTs is v#Ey heterogeneous across the participating centres. Indications, periprocedural management, and ablation strategies vary s8bXtantially. GhJs EP Wire survey has revealed that catheter ablation is the first - line therapy for the treatment of recurrent monomorphic stable VT in patients without structural heart disease as well as in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction in the majority of centres. Furthermore, in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and the first episode of monomorphic VT, most centres (62. 0%) performed catheter ablation. On the contrary, in patients with non - ischaemic cardiomyopathy, amiodarone (41. 4%) and catheter ablation (37. 1%) are used in a very similar proportion. Ablation strategies, endpoints, and post - ablation antithrombotic management vary substantially among European centres.
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Management of ventricular tachycardia in the ablation era: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association Patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) are at risk of sudden death. Treatment options for VT include antiarrhythmic drug therapy, insertion of an implantable and catheter ablation. Evidence on indications for VT ablation, timing, ablation strategies, and periprocedural management is sparse. aim of this European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) survey to clinical practice regarding management of among the European countries. An electronic questionnaire was sent to members of the EHRA Electrophysiology Research Network. Responses were from 88 centres in 12 countries. results have shown that management of VTs is very heterogeneous across the participating centres. Indications, periprocedural management, and ablation strategies vary substantially. This EP Wire has revealed that catheter ablation is the first-line therapy for the treatment of monomorphic stable VT in patients without structural heart disease as well as in patients ischaemic cardiomyopathy and impaired left ventricular fraction in majority of centres. Furthermore, in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and the first episode of monomorphic VT, most centres (62.0%) performed ablation. On in patients non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, amiodarone (41.4%) and catheter ablation are used in a similar Ablation endpoints, post-ablation antithrombotic management vary substantially among European centres.
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ManageMeNt Of VenTRiCular TaChyCARDia in tHe ABLaTIOn ERA: reSuLTS of thE euroPEan HEart rHYTHm aSSOciaTIoN SURVey.
pAtIENts WiTH suSTAINEd VEntriCUlaR TacHYcARDia (vt) aRe aT RiSk Of sUDDen deatH. TrEAtmeNT oPtIoNs for Vt incLUDE AntiaRRHYThMIc drUG THERapY, iNsERtIon oF aN ImpLAntaBLe CardIoVErTer-defIbrIllAToR, aNd CatHEteR AblATIoN. evideNCE oN IndIcatIons FOr VT AbLation, TIMiNg, aBlaTion stRAtEGIEs, ANd PERiPROCEdural MANAGEmenT is sPaRSE. THE AIM of ThiS eUrOPeaN hEart RhYTHM asSoCiAtIon (eHra) sUrvey WAs TO EvALuaTE CLIniCAl PRACtice reGardinG managEmeNT OF Vt aMong tHe euROPEAN cOUNtRIES. aN elEctRoniC QuEStionNaiRE waS SenT tO mEMBErS oF ThE eHra ElEcTropHysIoLOgy rESEArCH NetwoRK. REsPoNsES WERE rEcEiVeD fRoM 88 CEnTrEs iN 12 coUNtriES. tHe rEsUlTS haVE SHOWn THaT MAnAgeMENT OF VTs is vERy HeterOGENEOuS across thE partIcipatinG cENTRES. iNDICaTioNS, PERIprOCedUral mANageMenT, aND aBlAtion stRAtegIEs VARY subsTAntIALLy. THIS Ep wirE SUrVeY HaS RevEalEd THAT CATheTER ABlAtION Is THe fIrsT-LiNE tHeRapy fOR THe TrEaTmENT Of ReCUrReNt MoNoMoRpHIC sTaBle vT iN PaTienTs wiThOUT sTrUcturAl HEART dIseaSe as wELl as in PAtIents WItH IschAEmIC CarDIOMyOPathy anD IMPaIrEd LEFt VEntRiCuLaR EJectiON frAcTiON in thE MAjoRitY Of cENtReS. furThERMorE, In paTieNTs wiTH ISChaemic CARDIoMyOPatHY aND tHe firsT epISODE OF MONOMoRPHic vt, MOst cENTres (62.0%) PERfoRmeD CAThEter AbLAtIoN. oN ThE ContrARY, IN paTieNts wItH non-iSchAemIC CArDiOmYopaThY, AMIOdarONE (41.4%) ANd catheTEr ABLATIoN (37.1%) are usEd in a VeRy SIMIlAr PROpOrtiON. ABLAtiON stRATegies, enDPOiNTs, aND POSt-ablatIoN antIthrOMbOtIc mAnAGeMeNt VARY SubStANtiaLLy amonG eUrOPeAN CENtrES.
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Management of ventricular tachycardia in the ablation era: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association Survey. Patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) are at riskof sudden death. Treatment options forVTinclude antiarrhythmicdrug therapy, insertion of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, and catheter ablation. Evidence on indications for VT ablation, timing, ablation strategies, and periprocedural management is sparse. The aim of this European Heart Rhythm Association(EHRA) survey wasto evaluate clinical practice regarding management of VT among the European countries. Anelectronic questionnaire was sent to members ofthe EHRAElectrophysiologyResearch Network.Responses were receivedfrom88 centresin 12 countries. The results have shown that management of VTs is very heterogeneous across the participating centres.Indications, periprocedural management,and ablation strategies vary substantially. This EP Wire surveyhas revealedthat catheter ablation is thefirst-line therapy forthe treatment of recurrent monomorphic stable VT in patients withoutstructural heart disease as well as in patients withischaemic cardiomyopathy and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction in the majority of centres. Furthermore, inpatients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and the first episode ofmonomorphicVT, most centres (62.0%) performed catheter ablation. On the contrary, in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, amiodarone (41.4%) and catheter ablation (37.1%)are used in a very similar proportion.Ablation strategies, endpoints,and post-ablation antithrombotic management varysubstantially among European centres.
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Management of ventricular tachycardia _in_ the ablation era: results _of_ the _European_ Heart _Rhythm_ Association Survey. Patients with sustained ventricular _tachycardia_ (VT) are at risk _of_ sudden death. Treatment options _for_ VT include antiarrhythmic _drug_ therapy, insertion of an implantable _cardioverter-defibrillator,_ and catheter _ablation._ Evidence on indications for VT ablation, timing, _ablation_ strategies, and periprocedural management _is_ sparse. The aim of this _European_ Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) survey was to evaluate clinical practice _regarding_ management of _VT_ among the European countries. An electronic _questionnaire_ was sent to members of _the_ EHRA Electrophysiology Research Network. Responses were received from _88_ centres in 12 countries. The results have shown that management _of_ VTs is very heterogeneous across the participating centres. Indications, periprocedural management, _and_ ablation strategies _vary_ _substantially._ This _EP_ Wire survey has revealed _that_ catheter _ablation_ is the first-line therapy for the _treatment_ of recurrent monomorphic stable _VT_ _in_ _patients_ without structural heart disease _as_ well as in patients _with_ ischaemic cardiomyopathy and impaired _left_ _ventricular_ ejection _fraction_ in _the_ majority of centres. Furthermore, in patients _with_ _ischaemic_ _cardiomyopathy_ _and_ _the_ first _episode_ of monomorphic VT, most centres (62.0%) performed catheter ablation. On the contrary, in _patients_ _with_ non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, amiodarone _(41.4%)_ and catheter ablation (37.1%) _are_ used in a very similar _proportion._ Ablation strategies, endpoints, and post-ablation antithrombotic management vary substantially _among_ European _centres._
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Metrics and proxies for stringency of regulation of plant water status (iso/anisohydry): a global data set reveals coordination and trade-offs among water transport traits.
Plants operate along a continuum of stringency of regulation of plant water potential from isohydry to anisohydry. However, most metrics and proxies of plant iso/anisohydric behavior have been developed from limited sets of site-specific experiments. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that determine species' operating ranges along this continuum, independent of site and growing conditions, remains challenging. We compiled a global database to assess the global patterns of metrics and proxies of plant iso/anisohydry and then explored some of the underlying functional traits and trade-offs associated with stringency of regulation that determines where species operate along the continuum. Our results showed that arid and semi-arid biomes were associated with greater anisohydry than more mesic biomes, and angiosperms showed marginally greater anisohydry than gymnosperms. Leaf water potential at the turgor loss point (Ψtlp) and wood density were the two most powerful proxies for ranking the degree of plant iso/anisohydry for a wide range of species and biomes. Both of these simple traits can be easily and rapidly determined, and therefore show promise for a priori mapping and understanding of the global distribution pattern of the degree of plant iso/anisohydry. Generally, the most anisohydric species had the most negative values of Ψtlp and highest wood density, greatest resistance to embolism, lowest hydraulic capacitance and lowest leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity of their branches. Wood density in particular appeared to be central to a coordinated series of traits, trade-offs and behaviors along a continuum of iso/anisohydry. Quantification of species' operating ranges along a continuum of iso/anisohydry and identification of associated trade-offs among functional traits may hold promise for mechanistic modeling of species-specific responses to the anticipated more frequent and severe droughts under global climate change scenarios.
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metrics and proxies for stringency or regulation of plant water status ( iso / anisohydry ) : a global data set reveals coordination and trade - offs among water transport traits. plants operate along a continuum of stringency of regulation of plant water potential from isohydry to anisohydry. however, most metrics and analyses of plant iso / anisohydric behavior have been developed from limited sets of site - specific experiments. understanding the underlying mechanisms that determine species ' operating ranges along this spectrum, independent of site and growing conditions, remains challenging. we compiled a global database to assess the global patterns of metrics and proxies of plant iso / anisohydry and then explored some of the key physiological traits and trade - offs associated with stringency of regulation that determines where species operate along the continuum. our results showed that arid and semi - arid biomes were associated with greater anisohydry than more mesic biomes, and angiosperms showed marginally greater anisohydry than gymnosperms. leaf water potential at the turgor loss point ( ψtlp ) and wood density were the two most powerful proxies for ranking the degree of plant iso / anisohydry for a wide range of species and biomes. both of these simple traits can be easily and rapidly determined, and therefore show promise for a priori mapping and understanding of the global distribution pattern of the degree of growing iso / anisohydry. generally, the most anisohydric species had the most negative values of ψtlp and highest wood density, greatest resistance to flooding, lowest hydraulic capacitance and lowest resource - specific hydraulic conductivity of their branches. wood density in particular appeared to be central to a coordinated series of traits, trade - offs and behaviors along a continuum of iso / anisohydry. quantification of species ' operating ranges revealed the continuum of iso / anisohydry and identification of associated trade - offs among functional traits may hold promise for mechanistic modeling of species - specific responses to the anticipated more frequent and severe droughts under global climate change scenarios.
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Me%rjcs and proxies for stringency of regulation of plant water status (iso / anisohydry ): a global data set reveals coordination and trade - offs among water transport traits. Plants operate along a continuum of Qhringency of regulation of plant water potential from isohydry to anisohydry. However, most metrics and proxies of plant iso / anisohydric behavior have been developed from limited sets of site - specific experiments. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that determine species ' operating ranges along this continuum, independent of site and growing conditions, remains challenging. We dohpiled a global database to assess the global patterns of metrics and proxies of plant iso / anisohydry and then explored some of the underlying functional traits and trade - offs associated with stringency of regulation thxy determines where species operate along the continuum. Our results shosSd that arid and semi - arid biomes were associated with greater anisohydry than more mesic biomes, and angiosperms showed marginally greater anisohydry than gymhospeems. Leaf water potential at the turgor loss point (Ψtlp) and wood density were the two most powerful proxies for ranking the degree of plant iso / anisohydry for a wide range of species and biomes. Both of these simple traits can be easily and rapidly determined, and therefore show promise for a p3iorU mapping and understanding of the global distribution pattern of the degree of plant iso / anisohydry. Generally, the most anisohydric species had the most negative values of Ψtlp and highest wood density, greatest resistance to embolism, lowest hydraulic capacitance and lowest leaf - specific hydraulic conductivity of their branches. Wood density in particular appeared to be centrqk to a coordinated serisa of traits, trade - offs and behaviors along a continuum of iso / anisohydry. Quantification of species ' operating ranges along a continuum of iso / anisohydry and identification of associated trade - offs among functional traits may hold promise for mechanistic modeling of s)esies - specific responses to the anticipated more frequent and severe droughts under global climate change scenarios.
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Metrics and proxies for of regulation plant water status (iso/anisohydry): a global data set reveals coordination and trade-offs among water transport traits. Plants operate along continuum of stringency of regulation of plant water potential isohydry to anisohydry. However, most metrics and of plant iso/anisohydric have been from sets of experiments. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that determine operating along this continuum, independent of site and growing conditions, challenging. We compiled a database to assess the global patterns of metrics and of iso/anisohydry and then some of the underlying functional traits and trade-offs associated with stringency of regulation that determines where species operate along the continuum. Our results showed that arid and semi-arid biomes associated with greater than more mesic biomes, and angiosperms showed marginally greater anisohydry gymnosperms. Leaf water potential at the loss point (Ψtlp) and wood density were the two most powerful proxies for ranking the degree of plant iso/anisohydry for a range of species and biomes. Both of these simple traits can be easily and rapidly determined, and therefore show promise a priori mapping and understanding of the global distribution pattern of the degree of plant iso/anisohydry. Generally, the most anisohydric species had the most negative of Ψtlp highest wood density, greatest resistance to embolism, lowest hydraulic capacitance and lowest leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity of their branches. Wood density in particular appeared to be central to a coordinated series of traits, trade-offs and behaviors along a of Quantification of species' operating along continuum of iso/anisohydry and identification of associated trade-offs among traits hold promise for mechanistic modeling of species-specific responses to the anticipated more frequent and severe droughts under global climate change scenarios.
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mETRIcS aND PRoxiEs FOr StRingENcY OF rEGulation OF PLaNT wATer STAtUS (iSo/AnISohydRy): A gLOBal daTA sET rEveALs cOOrDiNaTIoN And Trade-oFFS aMONG wAteR TraNsporT tRaItS.
PLaNTs oPeraTe alONg a coNtinuUM Of stRINGenCY oF rEGULaTION of pLaNt WAter pOtENTial FROM isOHYDRy tO AniSOHYdRY. hOweVeR, moST MetRiCs aNd pRoxIes Of planT Iso/ANIsoHYDRIC behavIOR Have beeN developED FRoM liMitEd SETs of site-sPeCifIC EXpERImeNTS. UNdeRstaNDING tHe uNDERLYInG meChaNIsms ThAT deTERMiNe sPEcIES' OPErAting RaNGes alONg tHIs COnTiNUuM, INdepEndeNT oF sITe aNd grOWINg conDitiOnS, RemaiNS CHaLlENGiNg. WE COMPiled a gLObal DaTAbAsE tO AsSEsS thE glOBAL pAtTeRNs Of mEtriCS AND ProxiES Of plANT iso/AniSoHyDrY anD ThEn expLoRED somE Of thE UNdErLyIng FUnCtiOnaL TRaiTs And TrADe-oFFS AssoCiated WItH stringenCY oF rEguLATIoN That DETerMINEs wHERE SpECiES OpEraTe aLOng thE conTinuUM. OUr REsulTS ShoWeD That ArID AnD SEmi-aRid BIoMES WERe ASsOCiATEd wITH GREateR ANIsohyDRY tHaN MoRE mESiC BIoMeS, aNd AnGiosperMS SHoweD MArginALLy gReaTer aNisohYdrY thaN GymnOsPErmS. Leaf wAtER PotentiaL At tHe tURGoR LosS pOINT (Ψtlp) aND wOOD dEnsItY weRe thE two moSt POWErfUl PROxies for RaNkinG ThE degREe oF PlaNT ISO/aniSohYdRY For A widE ranGe Of SPecieS and BioMEs. BotH oF thEse SImPlE TRaiTs caN be eAsilY aND rAPIdLY dEtErmiNeD, and tHerefOre shOw PrOMise FOR a PRiOri MaPPiNg And UNDErstAnDing OF THe GlObAL diSTrIBUtiON pATterN of tHE DEGREe oF PLanT iSO/AniSoHydRy. GeNErALlY, THe MOSt anisohYdRIC speCIes HAD the most negAtIve vALUeS of ψtlp AND hiGheSt wooD dENSITY, GReATest REsIStaNCe to embOlISm, lOWESt hYdraUlIc CapAcITaNCe AnD lOwEsT leaF-sPECIfiC hYdRaulic ConDuCTIVITy oF thEIr BRaNches. wood deNSItY In PArticuLAr APpEaRed to be cEntRaL To a coorDiNatED sErIES oF trAITs, trADE-ofFS anD bEHAviOrS ALoNG a conTINUuM Of isO/ANisOhydry. QUanTIFICaTioN of speciES' opERatINg raNges aLONG a ContinuUm of ISo/ANiSoHyDRY aNd idENTIfICAtIOn oF aSsOCiaTED tRadE-oFFs aMOng fUnctIOnAl TRaIts mAy hOlD PRoMiSE fOR MECHAnIstiC ModeLING Of spEciEs-spECiFic reSponSes To the aNtIcIpAted MoRE frequeNT ANd SEvERE droughtS UndEr gLObAl ClimATE CHANGe sCENARIos.
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Metrics and proxies for stringency of regulation ofplant water status (iso/anisohydry):a global data set reveals coordination andtrade-offs among watertransport traits. Plantsoperatealong acontinuum of stringency of regulationof plant water potential from isohydry to anisohydry. However, most metrics and proxiesofplant iso/anisohydric behavior have been developed fromlimitedsets of site-specific experiments. Understandingthe underlying mechanisms that determine species' operating ranges along this continuum, independent of site and growing conditions, remains challenging. We compileda global database to assess the global patterns of metrics and proxies of plant iso/anisohydryandthen explored some ofthe underlying functionaltraits and trade-offs associated with stringency of regulationthat determines where species operate alongthe continuum. Our results showed that arid and semi-arid biomes were associatedwith greater anisohydry than more mesic biomes, and angiosperms showed marginallygreater anisohydry than gymnosperms.Leafwater potential at the turgor loss point (Ψtlp) and wood density were the two most powerful proxies for rankingthe degree of plantiso/anisohydry for a wide range of species and biomes. Both of these simple traits can be easily and rapidly determined,and therefore show promise for a priori mapping and understandingof the global distribution patternof the degreeof plant iso/anisohydry. Generally, the most anisohydric species hadthe most negative values ofΨtlp and highest wood density, greatest resistance to embolism, lowest hydraulic capacitance and lowest leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity of their branches. Wood density in particular appeared to be centralto a coordinated series of traits, trade-offs andbehaviors alonga continuum of iso/anisohydry.Quantification of species' operating ranges along a continuum of iso/anisohydry andidentification ofassociated trade-offs among functionaltraits may hold promise for mechanisticmodeling ofspecies-specific responsesto the anticipated more frequentand severe droughts under global climate change scenarios.
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Metrics and proxies for stringency _of_ regulation of plant water status _(iso/anisohydry):_ a global data set reveals coordination and trade-offs among water transport traits. Plants operate along a _continuum_ of stringency of regulation of plant water potential from isohydry to anisohydry. However, most metrics and _proxies_ of plant iso/anisohydric behavior have _been_ developed from limited sets of site-specific experiments. Understanding the underlying _mechanisms_ that determine species' operating ranges along this continuum, _independent_ of _site_ and growing _conditions,_ _remains_ challenging. We _compiled_ a global database _to_ _assess_ the _global_ patterns of metrics and proxies of plant _iso/anisohydry_ and _then_ explored some of the underlying _functional_ traits and trade-offs associated with _stringency_ of _regulation_ that determines where species _operate_ along the continuum. Our _results_ showed _that_ arid and _semi-arid_ biomes were _associated_ with _greater_ _anisohydry_ than more mesic biomes, and angiosperms showed marginally greater _anisohydry_ than gymnosperms. Leaf water potential at the turgor loss point _(Ψtlp)_ and wood density were the two most powerful proxies for _ranking_ the degree of plant _iso/anisohydry_ for a wide range _of_ species and _biomes._ _Both_ _of_ these _simple_ traits can _be_ easily and rapidly _determined,_ and therefore show promise for a priori _mapping_ and understanding _of_ the global distribution pattern of the degree _of_ plant iso/anisohydry. Generally, the most anisohydric species had the most negative values of _Ψtlp_ and highest wood _density,_ greatest resistance _to_ embolism, lowest _hydraulic_ capacitance and lowest leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity of _their_ _branches._ Wood density in particular appeared to be _central_ to a coordinated series of _traits,_ trade-offs and behaviors _along_ a continuum of iso/anisohydry. Quantification of species' operating ranges along _a_ continuum of iso/anisohydry and identification of associated trade-offs among functional traits may hold promise for mechanistic _modeling_ of species-specific responses to the anticipated _more_ frequent and severe _droughts_ under _global_ climate change scenarios.
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Cast metal bases as an economical alternative for the severely resorbed mandible.
Resorption of the alveolar ridge is a common problem in edentulous patients and can compromise the stability and function of dentures. Resorption and its consequences can be minimized when strategically placed implants are used; however, this option is financially out of reach for many patients. The article discusses a more cost-effective alternative (metalbased dentures) for patients with ridge resorption. In certain environments, like a dental school, where patients are looking for solutions to their dental problems at a reasonable price, cast metal bases can be a feasible economical alternative for edentulous patients. Both cases presented here demonstrated a significant improvement in stability, phonation, and mastication.
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cast metal serves as an economical alternative for the chronic resorbed mandible. resorption of traumatic alveolar ridge is a common problem in edentulous patients and can compromise the stability and function of dentures. resorption and its advantages can become detrimental when strategically placed implants are used ; however, this option is financially out of reach for many patients. the article discusses a more cost - effective alternative ( metalbased dentures ) for patients with ridge resorption. in certain environments, like a nursery school, where patients are looking for answers to their developmental problems at a reasonable price, cast metal bases can be a feasible economical alternative for edentulous patients. experimental cases presented here demonstrated a significant improvement in stability, phonation, and mastication.
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Cast metal bQs2s as an economical alternative for the severely resorbed mandible. Resorption of the alveolar ridge is a common problem in ed3ntulouW patients and can compr*Kise the stability and function of dentures. Resorption and its consequences can be minimized when strategically placed implants are used; however, this option is financially out of reach for many patients. The article discusses a more cost - effective alternative (metalbased dentures) for pat7en5s with ridge Eezorption. In certain environments, :iMe a dental school, where pagiWnts are looking for solutions to their dental problems at a reasonable price, cast metal bases can be a feasible economical al5ernatide for edentulous patients. Both cwsWs presented here demonstrated a significant improvement in qtabili5y, phonation, and mastication.
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Cast metal bases as an economical alternative for severely resorbed mandible. Resorption of the alveolar ridge is a common in edentulous patients and can compromise the stability function of dentures. Resorption and its consequences can be minimized when strategically placed implants are used; however, this option is out reach for many patients. article discusses more cost-effective alternative (metalbased dentures) for patients with ridge resorption. In certain environments, a dental school, where patients looking for solutions to their dental problems at a reasonable price, cast metal bases can be a feasible economical for edentulous Both cases presented here demonstrated a significant improvement in stability, phonation, and mastication.
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CaSt mETaL BaseS AS aN eCONOmICaL aLTERNATivE foR tHE seVErELY RESorBeD MandIbLe.
rESORPtIoN oF tHE ALveOlAR RiDGe iS a COMMon pRObLEm In EDenTUlOuS PAtiEnTs AnD can cOmPRoMIsE THE sTabILITy ANd fUNCTIon oF dEnTUrES. rESOrPtIOn ANd ITS ConSEquEnCEs cAN BE MInImIZED WHEn StrAtegIcally PLACEd impLaNts arE uSed; HOweveR, this OPTIoN Is finAnCIAlly oUT OF rEacH for many paTIents. The aRtiCle DisCuSsES A moRE cOst-eFFective aLternATIvE (METaLBaSed DentUrEs) FOR pATients wItH ridGE resorPTioN. in CerTaiN eNVIrOnMEnTs, lIKe a deNTAl SChooL, WheRe paTIEnTs ArE LOoKING for SoLUTiONs tO THeIR DENtaL prObLEMs aT a rEasonablE PrIcE, cAST meTAL BASeS caN Be A FEaSIbLe EconOMicaL AlTerNATiVe FoR edEnTuLouS patiENts. bOtH CasEs PReSented HerE DEMoNstRatED a siGniFICANT impROVeMeNT In StABILiTY, pHOnATIOn, And mASTiCation.
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Cast metal bases as an economical alternative forthe severely resorbed mandible. Resorption of the alveolarridgeis a commonproblem in edentulous patients and can compromise the stability and function of dentures. Resorption and itsconsequences can be minimized whenstrategically placed implants areused; however,thisoption is financially out of reach formany patients. The article discussesa more cost-effective alternative (metalbaseddentures) for patientswith ridge resorption.In certain environments, like a dental school, wherepatients are looking for solutions to their dental problems at a reasonable price, cast metal bases can bea feasible economicalalternative for edentulous patients. Both cases presented heredemonstrated a significant improvement in stability, phonation, and mastication.
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Cast _metal_ bases as an economical _alternative_ for the _severely_ _resorbed_ mandible. Resorption of the alveolar ridge is a common problem in edentulous patients and can compromise the _stability_ _and_ function of dentures. Resorption and its _consequences_ can be minimized when strategically placed _implants_ are used; however, this option _is_ _financially_ _out_ of reach for many patients. The article discusses a more cost-effective _alternative_ (metalbased dentures) for patients with ridge resorption. In _certain_ environments, like _a_ dental school, where patients _are_ looking for solutions to their _dental_ problems at a _reasonable_ price, cast metal bases can be a feasible _economical_ _alternative_ for edentulous _patients._ Both _cases_ presented here demonstrated a significant improvement in stability, _phonation,_ and mastication.
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Pancreatic trauma: Management and literature review.
Pancreatic injury is an uncommon event often difficult to diagnose at an early stage. After abdominal trauma, the surgeon must always be aware of the possibility of pancreatic trauma due to the complications associated with missed pancreatic injuries. Due to its retroperitoneal position, asociated organs and vascular injuries are almost always present, which along with frequent extra abdominal injuries explain the high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to present a concise description of the incidence of these injuries, lesional mechanisms, recommended diagnostic methods, therapeutic indications including nonoperative management, endoscopy and surgery, and an analysis of pancreas-specific complications and mortality rates in these patients based on a 60-year review of the literature, encompassing 6,364 patients. Due to pancreatic retroperitoneal position, asociated organs and vascular injuries are almost always present, which along with frequent extraaabdominal injuries explain the high morbidity and mortality of these patients.
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pancreatic trauma : management and literature review. pancreatic injury is an uncommon event often difficult to diagnose at an early stage. after abdominal trauma, the surgeon must always be aware of the possibility of pancreatic trauma due to the complications associated with missed pancreatic injuries. due to its retroperitoneal position, asociated organs and vascular injuries becomes almost invariably present, which along with numerous extra abdominal injured explain the high morbidity and mortality. typical aim of this study is to present a concise description of the prevalence of these injuries, lesional mechanisms, recommended diagnostic methods, therapeutic indications including nonoperative management, endoscopy and surgery, and an analysis on pancreas - specific complications and mortality rates in these patients based on a 60 - year review of the research, encompassing 6, 364 patients. due onto pancreatic retroperitoneal position, asociated organs and vascular injuries are almost always present, which along with frequent extraaabdominal injuries explain the high frequency and mortality of these patients.
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Pancreatic trauma: Management and literature review. Pancreatic injury is an uncommon event often difficult to diagnose at an early stage. After abdominal trauma, the surgeon must always be aware of the possibility of pancreatic trauma due to the complications associated wkHh missed pancreatic injuries. Due to its retroperitoneal position, asociated organs and vascular injuries are almost always present, which along with frequent extra abdominal injuries explain the Nogh morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to present a concise descr(ptioj of the incidence of these injuries, lesLonaP mechanisms, recommended diagnostic methods, therapeutic indications including nonoperAtivw management, endoscopy and surgery, and an analysis of pancreas - specific complications and mortality rates in these patients based on a 60 - year review of the literature, encompassing 6, 364 patients. Due to pancreatic rettopeditoneal position, asociated organs and vascular injuries are almost always present, wn&ch along Auth frequent extraaabdominal igjurieA explain the high morbidity and mortality of these pa6ienrs.
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Pancreatic trauma: Management and literature review. Pancreatic injury is an uncommon event often difficult to diagnose at an stage. After abdominal the surgeon must always be aware of the possibility of pancreatic trauma to the complications associated with missed pancreatic injuries. Due to its retroperitoneal position, asociated organs and vascular are almost always present, which along with frequent extra abdominal injuries explain the high morbidity mortality. The aim of this study is to present a concise description the incidence of injuries, lesional mechanisms, diagnostic methods, therapeutic including nonoperative management, endoscopy and and an analysis of pancreas-specific complications and mortality rates in these patients on a 60-year review of the literature, encompassing 6,364 to pancreatic retroperitoneal position, organs and injuries are almost always present, which along with frequent extraaabdominal injuries explain the high morbidity and mortality of these patients.
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PAncReatIC tRauma: mAnagEmeNT And LitEraTUre revIew.
pAnCREaTic INJurY iS an uNcOmMoN EveNt OfTEN difFICulT tO diAGNOSE At AN eaRlY stAgE. afTeR aBDomINAL TraUMA, tHE SurgEOn must ALwAYs BE aWARE Of THE PoSsIbiLitY oF pAnCrEatiC TrauMa DUe to ThE ComPLiCATiOns AsSociAtEd WIth MIsSeD PaNcrEatIc InJURIes. DUe tO iTs REtropeRitOneAL poSition, AsoCIATED OrGaNs anD VaScuLar INjUrIeS are aLMosT AlWAys pReSeNt, WHIcH aLONg witH frEqUEnT eXTRa ABdoMINal inJuriEs eXPlain thE HIgH MoRBIDity AnD mORtAliTY. tHe AiM oF tHIs STuDY IS to pReseNt a ConcIsE DeSCRIptIon OF THE INCIDeNcE Of these inJUriES, LEsIoNaL MEChAniSMs, rECOMMENdEd diAgNOStIc MeTHODs, TheRaPeUtIC iNdicaTions inclUDing nonOperaTIVe MaNaGeMenT, endOsCOpY AnD sURGERy, aNd aN anaLYSIS OF paNcREAS-sPecifiC comPLICations anD MORtAlItY raTEs iN THESe patIENTs BASed oN a 60-yEar reviEw of THE LITeRATURe, encomPaSsIng 6,364 PAtiENtS. DuE tO pancREatic RETROPEriTOnEal POSiTIOn, ASOcIATED organS and vaScuLaR iNjUrIEs arE aLMost aLwAYS PreSEnt, WhIch ALOng With FREQuent exTrAAaBdOMiNAl InJURieS EXPlAIN THe hIgH morbiDITY And MORtALItY Of ThesE PatIENts.
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Pancreatictrauma: Management and literature review. Pancreatic injury is an uncommon event often difficult to diagnose at an earlystage. After abdominal trauma, the surgeon must always be aware ofthe possibility of pancreatictrauma due to thecomplications associated with missed pancreatic injuries. Dueto itsretroperitoneal position, asociatedorgans and vascular injuries are almost always present, which along with frequent extra abdominal injuries explain the high morbidity and mortality. The aim of thisstudy is to present a concise description of the incidenceof these injuries, lesional mechanisms, recommended diagnostic methods, therapeutic indications including nonoperative management, endoscopy andsurgery, andan analysis of pancreas-specific complications and mortality ratesin these patients based ona60-year review of the literature, encompassing 6,364 patients. Due topancreatic retroperitoneal position, asociated organs and vascular injuries are almostalways present, which along with frequent extraaabdominal injuries explain the highmorbidity and mortality of these patients.
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_Pancreatic_ trauma: Management and literature review. Pancreatic injury is an _uncommon_ event often difficult to diagnose at _an_ early stage. After abdominal trauma, the surgeon _must_ _always_ be aware of the possibility of pancreatic trauma due to the complications associated with missed pancreatic injuries. Due to _its_ _retroperitoneal_ position, asociated organs and vascular injuries are almost _always_ present, which along with frequent extra abdominal injuries explain the high morbidity and _mortality._ The _aim_ of this study _is_ to present a concise description of _the_ incidence of these injuries, lesional mechanisms, recommended diagnostic methods, therapeutic indications including nonoperative management, endoscopy _and_ surgery, and an _analysis_ of pancreas-specific complications and mortality rates in _these_ patients based _on_ a _60-year_ review _of_ _the_ literature, encompassing 6,364 patients. Due to pancreatic retroperitoneal position, asociated _organs_ and _vascular_ _injuries_ are almost always _present,_ which along with frequent _extraaabdominal_ injuries explain the _high_ morbidity and mortality of these _patients._
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[Patterns of Candida esophagitis in cancer and AIDS patients: histopathological study of 23 patients].
Candida oesophagitis is a common concomitant disease in neutropenic cancer patients after chemotherapie as well as in HIV-patients. In order to characterize the features of oesophagitis in each population, we reviewed the medical history and pathology records of 23 patients (18 cancer-patients, 5 HIV-patients) with culture and autopsy-proven Candida oesophagitis. Histopathological patterns of morphology, invasion, angioinvasion and inflammation were evaluated. Virtually all patients, 17/18 cancer- and 5/5 HIV-patients, had a history of previous mucosal candidosis or candidemia. There was a significant difference histopathologically in depth of invasion of the Candida-organisms between cancer and HIV-patients. Only in HIV-patients organisms were observed within the muscularis propria and the adventitia (2/5 vs 0/18; p = 0.04). The frequency of angioinvasion (12/18 vs 3/5) was similar in both groups. Neutropenia (< 500/microliter) was present in 12 (68%) of 18 cancer patients vs 0/5 HIV-patients (p = 0.01). Correspondingly there was a significant higher PMN/MN ratio in the oesophageal inflammatory infiltrate in HIV-patients, reflecting chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in cancer patients (p = 0.02). Oesophageal candidosis in HIV-patients may be highly invasive despite the presence of neutrophils. These findings suggest an impaired inflammatory response of HIV-patients to invasive candidosis, leading to impaired mucosal host defence.
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[ patterns of candida esophagitis in cancer and aids patients : histopathological study of 23 patients ]. candida oesophagitis is a common concomitant disease in neutropenic cancer patients after chemotherapie as well as in hiv - patients. in order to characterize the features of oesophagitis in disease population, we reviewed the dental history and pathology records of 23 patients ( 18 cancer - patients, 5 hiv - patients ) with culture and autopsy - proven candida oesophagitis. histopathological patterns of morphology, invasion, angioinvasion and metabolism were evaluated. virtually all patients, 17 / 18 cancer - and 5 / 5 hiv - patients, display a history of previous mucosal candidosis or candidemia. there was a significant difference histopathologically in depth of invasion of the candida - organisms between cancer versus hiv - patients. only in hiv - patients organisms were observed within the muscularis propria and the adventitia ( 2 / 5 vs 0 / 18 ; p = 0. 04 ). the frequency of angioinvasion ( 12 / 18 vs 3 / 5 ) was similar in both groups. neutropenia ( < 500 / microliter ) was present in 12 ( 68 % ) of 18 cancer patients vs 0 / 5 hiv - patients ( p = 0. 01 ). correspondingly there was a significant higher hiv / mn ratio in the oesophageal inflammatory infiltrate throughout hiv - patients, reflecting chemotherapy - induced neutropenia amongst cancer patients ( q = 0. 02 ). oesophageal candidosis in hiv - patients may be highly invasive despite the presence of neutrophils. these findings suggest an impaired inflammatory response of infection - patients to invasive candidosis, leading to impaired mucosal host defence.
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[ Patterns of Candida esophagitis in cancer and AIDS patients: histopathological study of 23 patients ]. Candida oesophagitis is a common concomitant disease in neutropenic cancer patients after chemotherapie as well as in HIV - patients. In order to characGeriAe the features of oesophagitis in each population, we reviewed the medical history and pathology records of 23 patients (18 cancer - )atiengs, 5 HIV - patients) with culture and autopsy - proven Candida oesophagitis. Histopathological patteGnz of morphology, invasion, angioinvasion and inflammation were evaluated. Virtually all patients, 17 / 18 caBceG - and 5 / 5 HIV - patients, had a history of previous mucosal candidosis or candidemia. There was a significant difference histopathologically in depth of invasion of the Candida - organisms between cancer and HIV - patients. Only in HIV - patients organisms were observed within the muscularis propria and the adventitia (2 / 5 vs 0 / 18; p = 0. 04 ). The frequency of angioinvasion (12 / 18 vs 3 / 5) was similar in both groups. Neutropenia (< 500 / microliter) was present in 12 (68%) of 18 cancer pa%ientW vs 0 / 5 HIV - patients (p = 0. 01 ). Correspondingly there was a significant higher PMN / MN ratio in the oesophageal inflammatory infiltrate in HIV - pA6ients, reflecting chemotherapy - induced neutropenia in cancer patients (p = 0. 02 ). Oesophageal candidosis in HIV - patients may be highly invasive despite the presence of Meutroohils. These findings suggest an impaired inflammatory response of HIV - patients to 9Jvasive canEidosiD, leading to impaKreV mucosal host defence.
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[Patterns of Candida esophagitis in cancer and AIDS patients: histopathological study of 23 patients]. Candida oesophagitis is a common concomitant disease in patients after chemotherapie as well in HIV-patients. In order to characterize the features of oesophagitis in each population, we reviewed the medical history pathology records of 23 patients (18 cancer-patients, 5 HIV-patients) with culture and autopsy-proven Candida oesophagitis. Histopathological patterns of morphology, invasion, angioinvasion and inflammation were evaluated. Virtually 17/18 cancer- and 5/5 HIV-patients, had a history of previous mucosal candidosis or candidemia. There was a significant difference histopathologically in depth of invasion of the between cancer HIV-patients. Only in HIV-patients organisms were observed the muscularis propria and the adventitia (2/5 vs p = 0.04). The frequency of angioinvasion (12/18 vs 3/5) was similar in both groups. Neutropenia (< 500/microliter) present in 12 of 18 cancer patients vs 0/5 (p 0.01). Correspondingly was a significant higher PMN/MN ratio in the oesophageal inflammatory in reflecting chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients = 0.02). Oesophageal candidosis in HIV-patients may be highly invasive despite the presence neutrophils. findings suggest an impaired inflammatory response of HIV-patients to invasive candidosis, leading to impaired mucosal host defence.
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[PaTteRnS of CanDIdA eSOPHaGItiS iN caNCer anD AIdS PAtIents: HIStopATHoLOGICal sTUDY OF 23 PAtientS].
CaNdIdA OesoPHAGiTIS Is a COMmon cOncoMItANt DISeAse IN neutropeniC cAnCer patiENTs AfTER ChEmOTHErAPIe AS WELL aS in HiV-PaTiEnts. in oRdEr tO CHARacTeRize tHE FeATUreS oF oEsOPhAGITIS iN Each POPulAtiOn, wE ReviEwed thE mEdIcal hIStORy aND PaTHOlOgY ReCoRDs oF 23 patIeNTs (18 caNcer-PaTiEntS, 5 hiv-PatiENtS) WIth cULTURE And aUtOPsY-PrOveN CAnDIda oeSOphAgiTIS. HIstOPatHoLOgIcAl pAtTERNS oF mOrpHoLOgY, INVASIoN, ANGIoINvasiON And INflAMMatIoN werE EvAluATEd. VIRtuAlly all PAtIENts, 17/18 CanCER- AND 5/5 hIv-PATieNts, Had a HiStORy of pReviOUs MuCoSAl CANDIdOsIS or CAndiDEmiA. tHere wAs a siGnIficaNt dIffEReNCE hIStopathOLoGIcALly iN DePtH Of invasIon oF ThE CaNdIDA-ORGanIsmS bEtwEen canceR anD Hiv-PaTIeNtS. ONLY In Hiv-PaTienTs ORGaNIsMS WERe oBsErVed WITHiN tHe MUSCuLArIS prOpRia ANd tHe aDveNtITIA (2/5 vs 0/18; p = 0.04). tHE fRequenCy oF anGIoINvASIoN (12/18 vS 3/5) WAs simIlaR In bOTh GroUpS. NEuTRoPENIA (< 500/MiCrOlITer) Was PReseNt IN 12 (68%) oF 18 CanCEr PaTienTS vs 0/5 HiV-pATieNtS (p = 0.01). coRRespOndingly tHERE Was a sIGnIfICanT hiGher PmN/MN Ratio IN tHE oesOphAGEAl inFlamMAToRy INfiLTRATe In HIV-paTieNTs, rEfleCTING CheMOThERApY-indUCed NeutropEnIA IN caNcER PaTieNts (P = 0.02). OESoPHaGeAl cAnDiDoSIs in HiV-pAtiENts mAY be hIGhlY InvAsivE DeSPITE tHe PRESeNce of NEutrOphiLs. thEsE FInDIngS sugGESt AN iMpAiRED INFLAMMatorY rESpoNSe oF HIV-paTienTs To InVAsIVe CaNdiDosiS, LEadiNg To ImpaIRED mUcosaL HOSt DEfeNCE.
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[Patterns of Candida esophagitisin cancer and AIDS patients: histopathological study of 23 patients]. Candida oesophagitis is a common concomitant disease in neutropeniccancer patients afterchemotherapie as wellas in HIV-patients. In order to characterizethe features of oesophagitis in each population, we reviewed themedical history and pathology records of 23patients (18 cancer-patients, 5HIV-patients) with culture and autopsy-proven Candida oesophagitis.Histopathological patterns of morphology,invasion, angioinvasion and inflammation were evaluated. Virtually all patients, 17/18 cancer-and 5/5 HIV-patients, hada historyof previous mucosal candidosisor candidemia. There was asignificant differencehistopathologically in depth of invasion of the Candida-organisms between cancer and HIV-patients. Only in HIV-patientsorganisms were observed within the muscularis propria and the adventitia (2/5 vs 0/18; p = 0.04). The frequency of angioinvasion (12/18 vs 3/5) was similar in both groups. Neutropenia (< 500/microliter) was present in 12 (68%) of 18cancer patientsvs0/5 HIV-patients (p= 0.01).Correspondingly there was a significant higher PMN/MN ratioin the oesophageal inflammatory infiltrate in HIV-patients, reflectingchemotherapy-induced neutropenia incancer patients (p = 0.02). Oesophageal candidosis in HIV-patients may be highly invasivedespitethe presence of neutrophils. These findings suggest an impaired inflammatory response of HIV-patients to invasive candidosis, leading to impaired mucosalhost defence.
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[Patterns of _Candida_ _esophagitis_ in cancer and AIDS patients: histopathological study of 23 _patients]._ Candida oesophagitis is _a_ common concomitant disease in neutropenic cancer patients after chemotherapie as well as in HIV-patients. In order to characterize the features of _oesophagitis_ in each population, we reviewed _the_ medical history and _pathology_ records _of_ 23 patients (18 _cancer-patients,_ _5_ HIV-patients) with culture _and_ autopsy-proven Candida oesophagitis. _Histopathological_ patterns _of_ morphology, invasion, angioinvasion and inflammation were evaluated. Virtually all patients, _17/18_ cancer- and 5/5 HIV-patients, _had_ a history of previous mucosal candidosis or _candidemia._ There was a significant difference histopathologically in depth of invasion of the Candida-organisms between cancer and HIV-patients. Only _in_ HIV-patients organisms were observed within the muscularis propria _and_ _the_ adventitia (2/5 vs _0/18;_ p = 0.04). The frequency of angioinvasion (12/18 vs 3/5) was similar in both groups. Neutropenia (< 500/microliter) was present in 12 (68%) of 18 cancer patients vs 0/5 HIV-patients (p = 0.01). Correspondingly there was a significant higher PMN/MN ratio in the _oesophageal_ _inflammatory_ infiltrate in HIV-patients, reflecting chemotherapy-induced _neutropenia_ in cancer patients (p _=_ 0.02). Oesophageal candidosis in HIV-patients may be _highly_ invasive despite _the_ presence of neutrophils. These _findings_ suggest an impaired inflammatory response of HIV-patients to _invasive_ candidosis, _leading_ to impaired mucosal host defence.
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Training in youth-friendly service provision improves nurses' competency level in the Great Lakes Region.
This survey investigates whether relevant training and availability of guidelines improve self-reported competencies of nurses in the provision of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services in South-Kivu Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and Rwanda. A quantitative baseline survey was conducted among nurses in randomly selected health facilities. Nurses providing youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services were asked to self-rate their competencies with regards to technical knowledge, clinical, and communication skills. In South-Kivu, Burundi, and Rwanda, 135, 131, and 99 nurses were interviewed, respectively. Overall differences of service and guideline availability and self-rated competencies can be observed between the three countries. In two countries, more than one in five nurses considered themselves to be only somewhat or not confident to counsel young people. Nurses from Rwanda showed the highest level of competencies followed by Burundi and South-Kivu. Lack of training in youth-friendly health services or family planning showed significant associations with reporting feeling somehow or not competent. The lack of training, supervision, and guidelines expressed by the nurses is of great concern. Competency-based training in youth-friendly health services is an important approach in improving nurses' competency level.
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effectiveness in youth - christian service provision improves nurses ' competency level in the congo lakes region. this survey investigates whether relevant training and availability of guidelines improve self - reported competencies of nurses in the provision of youth - friendly sexual and reproductive health services in south - kivu province in the rift republic within the congo, burundi, and rwanda. a quantitative baseline survey was conducted among nurses in randomly selected health facilities. nurses providing youth - friendly sexual and reproductive health services where asked to self - rate their competencies with regards their technical knowledge, clinical, and communication skills. in sub - kivu, burundi, and rwanda, 135, 131, and 99 nurses were interviewed, respectively. overall differences of service and guideline availability and self - rated competencies can be observed between the three countries. in two countries, more than one in five nurses considered themselves to practice only somewhat or not confident to counsel young people. nurses from rwanda showed the highest level of competencies followed by burundi and south - kivu. lack of training in youth - friendly health services or family planning showed significant associations with reporting feeling somehow or not competent. the lack of training, supervision, and guidelines expressed by the nurses is of great concern. competency - rated training in youth - friendly health services is an important approach in improving nurses ' competency level.
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Training in youth - friendly service provision improves nurses ' comp@tenDy ldCel in the Great Lakes Region. This survey invest8gateX whether relevant training and availability of guidelines improve seoC - reported competencies of nurses in the provision of youth - friendly sexual and reproductive health services in South - Kivu Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and Rwanda. A quantitative baseline survey was conducted among nurses in randomly selected health facilities. Nurses providing youth - friendly sexual and reproductive health services were asked to self - rate their competencies with regards to technical knowledge, clinical, and communication skills. In South - Kivu, Burundi, and Rwanda, 135, 131, and 99 hursWs weG2 interviewed, respectively. Overall differences of service and guideline availability and self - rated competencies can be observed between the three cougtri#s. In two countries, m0Fe than one in five nurses considered themselves to be only somewhat or not confident to counsel young people. Nurses from Rwanda showed the highest level of competencies followed by Burundi and South - Kivu. Lack of training in youth - friendly gealYh services or family planning showed significant associations with reporting feeling somehow or not competent. The lack of training, supervision, and guidelines expressed by the nurses is of great concern. Competency - NaseW training in youth - friendly health services is an important approach in improving nurses ' competency level.
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Training in youth-friendly service improves nurses' competency level in the Great Lakes Region. This survey investigates whether relevant training and availability of guidelines improve self-reported nurses in the provision of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services in South-Kivu Province in the Democratic Republic of the Burundi, and Rwanda. A quantitative baseline survey was conducted nurses in randomly selected health Nurses providing youth-friendly and reproductive health services were asked to self-rate their competencies with regards technical knowledge, clinical, and communication In South-Kivu, Burundi, Rwanda, 135, and 99 nurses were interviewed, respectively. Overall differences of service and guideline availability and self-rated competencies can observed between the three countries. In two countries, more than one in nurses themselves to be only somewhat not confident to counsel young people. Nurses from Rwanda showed the highest level competencies followed by Burundi and South-Kivu. Lack of training in youth-friendly services or family planning showed significant associations reporting feeling somehow or not competent. The lack of training, supervision, and guidelines expressed by the nurses is of concern. Competency-based training in youth-friendly services is an important approach in improving nurses' competency level.
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tRaiNING in YoUTH-FRIENDlY SERvIcE PROVISiOn iMpRoVeS nUrSEs' cOmpEtencY leVEL In The gReaT LAkES REgIon.
ThIs sURVey INVEstigatEs WhEtheR RElEVAnT tRAiNing And aVAiLabILitY oF guiDELINeS ImprOVe SELf-REporTED competeNcieS Of NurSEs iN tHe ProvISIOn of yOUtH-fRIenDLY seXuAL anD REProduCtIve HEaLTh SERViceS iN souTh-kIvu ProVInCe In tHE DeMoCrATiC REPublIC oF tHE CONgo, BurUndI, anD rwANDa. a quanTitaTiVE bAsElIne SURVEy wAs coNDucTED aMONg NUrses in raNdOmly sElecTED hEalTH fACILITIEs. nuRSeS PRoviDInG yOUTH-frieNDlY sEXuAl ANd RepRoduCtivE hEaLTH serviCeS WeRE ASKeD to sElF-Rate THeiR COMpeTeNCIES with REgArDS to tEcHNIcaL knOWlEdgE, cLINicAl, AND COMmunICATIon SKIlls. IN sOuTh-kIVu, bUrunDi, AnD RWAnDA, 135, 131, aNd 99 nursEs WErE INTERviEWed, RespECtiVELy. OverALl DifFErenceS of SeRVice AND gUIDeLIne AvAiLaBILIty aNd Self-rateD coMpETeNcIes cAn BE obSERvED BetweEn thE tHREe cOuNtRiES. IN TwO cOUnTRies, More THaN ONe iN FivE NUrSES conSiDErEd TheMsELvEs To be oNLY somEWHAt or NoT ConFIDEnT tO CoUNSEl yoUnG PEoPle. NuRSEs fROm rwAnda ShOWed tHE HIGhEsT LeVeL oF CompeTeNCIEs follOWEd by BuRUnDi aNd sOuTH-kIVU. LAck Of Training In YouTh-friENDLY heALtH SERVices Or fAmily PlAnnInG SHoweD signifIcanT asSoCiAtiOns WITh ReporTiNG FeELinG SoMehOw or noT cOMPetenT. ThE LaCK OF TraiNinG, SupeRvision, And guIdELINeS EXPReSsEd by the NURses is of GreaT coNCeRN. comPetency-basEd TrainIng iN YoutH-fRIeNdLy HeaLth serVIcES IS an imPortANT apprOacH in iMPROVING NurSES' coMPETenCY LEvel.
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Training in youth-friendly service provision improvesnurses' competency level in the Great Lakes Region. This surveyinvestigates whether relevant training and availability of guidelines improveself-reported competencies of nurses in the provision of youth-friendlysexual and reproductive health services in South-Kivu Province in theDemocratic Republic ofthe Congo, Burundi,and Rwanda. A quantitative baseline survey was conducted among nurses in randomly selected health facilities. Nurses providing youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services were asked toself-rate their competencies with regards totechnical knowledge,clinical, and communication skills. In South-Kivu, Burundi, and Rwanda, 135, 131, and 99nurses were interviewed, respectively. Overall differences of serviceandguideline availabilityand self-rated competencies can be observed between the three countries. In two countries, more than one in five nurses considered themselves to be onlysomewhat ornot confident to counsel young people. Nurses from Rwanda showed the highest level of competencies followed by Burundi and South-Kivu. Lack of training in youth-friendly health services or family planning showed significant associationswithreportingfeeling somehow or not competent. The lack of training, supervision, and guidelines expressed by thenurses is of great concern. Competency-based training in youth-friendly health services is an important approach in improving nurses' competency level.
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Training in youth-friendly service provision improves _nurses'_ _competency_ level in _the_ Great Lakes _Region._ This survey investigates whether relevant training and _availability_ of guidelines improve self-reported competencies of nurses _in_ the provision _of_ youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services in _South-Kivu_ _Province_ in the Democratic _Republic_ _of_ the Congo, Burundi, and Rwanda. _A_ quantitative baseline survey was conducted among nurses in randomly selected health facilities. Nurses providing youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services were asked to self-rate their competencies with regards _to_ technical knowledge, clinical, _and_ communication skills. In South-Kivu, Burundi, and _Rwanda,_ 135, 131, and 99 nurses were interviewed, respectively. Overall _differences_ of _service_ and guideline availability and self-rated competencies can be observed between the three _countries._ In _two_ countries, more than one _in_ five nurses considered themselves to be only somewhat _or_ _not_ confident to counsel young people. _Nurses_ from _Rwanda_ showed the _highest_ level of competencies followed by Burundi and South-Kivu. Lack of training _in_ _youth-friendly_ health services or family planning showed significant associations with _reporting_ _feeling_ _somehow_ or not competent. The lack of training, supervision, and guidelines expressed by the nurses is _of_ _great_ concern. Competency-based training in youth-friendly health services is an important approach in improving _nurses'_ competency level.
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Risk factors for conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic management of an ectopic pregnancy.
To identify risk factors for conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy. A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent laparoscopy for treatment of ectopic pregnancy, during a 32-month period (6/1999-2/2002), at the University of Miami Jackson Memorial Hospital. We identified 229 patients; 201 had a successful laparoscopy (non-converted group) and 28 who were converted to laparotomy (converted group). Variables analyzed between the two groups were demographic data, patient-related risk factors available to the surgeon prior to the surgery (previous laparotomy, previous laparoscopy, history of PID, history of endometriosis, diameter of ectopic pregnancy as measured by ultrasound, amount of free fluid on ultrasound, BMI), and surgeons' experience. Out of the 229 laparoscopies, 28 were converted to laparotomy (12.2%). The rate of conversion was significantly higher for less experienced compared to experienced surgeon (OR = 6.1, 95% CI = 2.35-15.88). Significantly more women had a BMI > 30 kg/m2 in the converted group compared to the non-converted group (42% vs. 14%; OR = 4.28, 95% CI = 1.7-10.75) and the converted group had significantly higher rate of large free fluid reported on ultrasound compared to the non-converted group (21.42% vs. 7.46%; OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.04-10.61). Less experienced surgeon, BMI > 30 kg/m2, and large amount of free fluid on ultrasound increase the risk of conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy.
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risk factors for conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic management of an ectopic pregnancy. to identify risk factors for conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy. a retrospective chart review of 118 who underwent laparoscopy for treatment of ectopic pregnancy, during a 32 - month period ( 6 / 1999 - 2 / 2002 ), at the university of miami jackson memorial hospital. we identified 229 patients ; 201 had successfully successful laparoscopy ( non - converted group ) and 28 who were converted in laparotomy ( converted group ). variables analyzed between the two groups were demographic outcomes, patient - related risk factors reported to the surgeon prior with the surgery ( previous laparotomy, previous results, history of pid, history of endometriosis, diameter fetal ectopic pregnancy as measured by ultrasound, amount of free fluid on ultrasound, bmi ), and surgeons ' experience. out of the 229 laparoscopies, 28 were converted to laparotomy ( 12. 2 % ). the rate of conversion was significantly higher for less experienced compared to experienced surgeon ( or = 6. 1, 95 % ci = 2. 35 - 15. 88 ). significantly more women had a bmi > 30 kg / m2 in the converted group compared to the non - converted group ( 42 % vs. 14 % ; or = 4. 28, 95 % ci = 1. 7 - 10. 75 ) and the converted group had markedly higher rate of recovering free fluid reported on ultrasound compared to the non - converted group ( 21. 42 % vs. 7. 46 % ; or = 3. 38, 95 % ci = 1. 04 - 10. 61 ). less experienced surgeon, bmi > 30 kg / m2, and large amount of free fluid on ultrasound increase the risk of conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy.
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Risk factors for conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic manAgehent of an ectopic pregnancy. To ideJticy risk factors for conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy. A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent laparoscopy for treatment of ectopic pregnancy, during a 32 - month period (6 / 1999 - 2 / 2002 ), at the University of Miami Jackson Memorial Hospital. We identified 229 patients; 201 had a successful laparoscopy (non - conve$Ged group) and 28 who were converted to laparotomy (converted group ). Variables analyzed between the two groups were demographic data, patient - related #isj factors avWilahle to the DurYeon prior to the surgery (previous laparotomy, previous paparosckpy, history of PID, hLstorT of endometriosis, diameter of ectopic pregnancy as measured by ultrasound, amount of free fluid on ultrasound, BMI ), and surgeons ' experience. Out of the 229 laparoscopies, 28 were converted to laparotomy (12. 2% ). The rate of conversion was significantly higher for /eDs experienced compared to experienced surgeon (OR = 6. 1, 95% CI = 2. 35 - 15. 88 ). Significantly more women had a BMI> 30 kg / m2 in the converted group compared to the non - converted group (42% vs. 14% ; OR = 4. 28, 95% CI = 1. 7 - 10. 75) and the converted group had significantly higher rate of large free fluid reported on ultrasound compared to the non - converted group (21. 42% vs. 7. 46% ; OR = 3. 38, 95% CI = 1. 04 - 10. 61 ). Less experienced surgeon, BMI> 30 kg / m2, and large amount of free fluid on ultrasound increase the risk of conversion to laparotomy during laparKDcopic management of ectopic pregnancy.
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Risk factors for conversion laparotomy laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy. To identify risk factors conversion laparotomy during laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy. A retrospective review patients who underwent laparoscopy for of ectopic pregnancy, during a 32-month period (6/1999-2/2002), at the Miami Jackson Memorial Hospital. We identified 229 patients; 201 had a successful laparoscopy (non-converted group) and 28 who were converted to laparotomy (converted group). Variables analyzed between two groups were demographic data, patient-related risk factors available to the surgeon prior to the surgery laparotomy, previous laparoscopy, history of PID, history of endometriosis, diameter of ectopic pregnancy as measured by ultrasound, amount of free fluid on ultrasound, BMI), and surgeons' experience. of the 229 laparoscopies, 28 were converted to laparotomy The rate of conversion was significantly higher for less experienced compared to experienced surgeon (OR = 6.1, CI = 2.35-15.88). Significantly more women had a BMI > 30 kg/m2 in the converted group compared to the group (42% vs. 14%; 4.28, 95% 1.7-10.75) and the converted group had significantly higher of large free fluid reported ultrasound compared to the non-converted group 7.46%; OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.04-10.61). Less experienced surgeon, BMI > 30 kg/m2, and large amount of free fluid on ultrasound increase the risk of conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy.
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rISK FActORS For CoNVeRsIOn to lapAROtOmy DUrINg LApaROscOpiC mAnagemEnt OF AN ECToPIC prEgNAncY.
To IdentIFy RiSk faCtoRs for COnvERsiOn TO LaPaRotOMy DuRiNG LaParoSCoPiC maNageMenT of ectoPic PREgNAnCy. A retRoSpeCTivE chArt revIEW OF patIENTs WHo unDeRWeNt lAparoScoPY FOR TREAtMEnT Of ECToPiC PREgnancy, During a 32-MONtH PeriOD (6/1999-2/2002), AT THE UniVERSity of MIaMI JaCkson mEmOrIal hoSPital. we iDEnTiFiEd 229 PatIeNTS; 201 hAd A sUCCEssfUL lapaRoScoPY (NoN-CONVerteD GRoUp) AnD 28 wHo wEre CoNVertED to LaParotOMy (coNVertEd GROup). vArIAbLes ANalYZED BEtwEEn tHe TWo GROUps Were dEMOGrAPHIC dATa, patienT-rElatEd rISK FActors avaILabLe to The surGEON PRIor To ThE SurGerY (PREvIOus laparotoMY, PReViOuS LapARosCopY, HisToRY OF piD, histORY oF eNDOMEtRIosIs, DiAmeter of ECTOPiC pregnANCY AS MeAsURed bY ULtRASOuNd, AmounT OF Free flUId ON ultRasOUNd, BmI), ANd sURgeOns' exPErIeNcE. oUT oF THe 229 laPAROscOpieS, 28 werE conVertED TO LapaROTomy (12.2%). ThE Rate OF convERSIOn wAS sIgnIfICANtly HiGHeR FOr lESs ExpeRIEnced cOMpAred to expeRIEncEd suRgEON (or = 6.1, 95% cI = 2.35-15.88). SIgniFiCantLY mOrE womEN HAd a Bmi > 30 kg/M2 iN The ConVerTEd GRouP compArEd to THE NOn-cONVErted gROUP (42% vS. 14%; or = 4.28, 95% ci = 1.7-10.75) and tHe CONvERtED gRoUp Had siGnIficanTLy hiGHER RaTe oF laRGe free FlUId REpoRTed On uLtRaSOuND cOMpareD To THe NOn-coNvErteD GroUP (21.42% Vs. 7.46%; OR = 3.38, 95% cI = 1.04-10.61). LESS eXpEriENCeD sURGEon, BmI > 30 KG/M2, AnD largE amounT of FrEe FluID ON UlTraSOuND inCREASe The rIsk Of CoNVERsION tO LApARoTOMY DuRINg LApARosCopIc MANAGemeNt of EcTOPic prEgnaNCY.
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Riskfactors for conversion to laparotomyduringlaparoscopic management ofan ectopic pregnancy. To identifyriskfactors forconversion to laparotomy duringlaparoscopic managementof ectopic pregnancy. Aretrospective chart review ofpatients who underwent laparoscopy for treatment ofectopic pregnancy, during a 32-month period (6/1999-2/2002), at the University of Miami Jackson Memorial Hospital. We identified 229 patients; 201 hada successful laparoscopy (non-converted group) and 28who were converted tolaparotomy (converted group). Variablesanalyzed between thetwo groups were demographicdata, patient-related risk factors available tothe surgeon prior to the surgery (previous laparotomy,previouslaparoscopy, history of PID, history ofendometriosis, diameter ofectopic pregnancy as measured byultrasound, amount of free fluid on ultrasound, BMI), andsurgeons' experience.Out of the 229 laparoscopies, 28 were converted to laparotomy (12.2%). Therate of conversion was significantly higher for less experiencedcompared to experienced surgeon (OR =6.1, 95% CI = 2.35-15.88). Significantly more women had a BMI > 30 kg/m2 in the converted group compared tothe non-converted group (42% vs. 14%; OR =4.28, 95% CI =1.7-10.75) and theconverted group had significantlyhigher rateof large free fluid reported on ultrasound compared to the non-converted group (21.42%vs. 7.46%; OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.04-10.61). Lessexperienced surgeon, BMI > 30 kg/m2, and large amount of freefluid on ultrasound increase therisk of conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy.
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Risk factors for conversion to laparotomy _during_ laparoscopic management _of_ an _ectopic_ pregnancy. To identify risk factors for conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic management _of_ ectopic _pregnancy._ A retrospective chart review of _patients_ _who_ underwent laparoscopy for treatment of _ectopic_ _pregnancy,_ during a 32-month period (6/1999-2/2002), at the University of Miami Jackson Memorial Hospital. _We_ identified 229 patients; _201_ had _a_ successful laparoscopy _(non-converted_ group) and 28 who were converted to laparotomy (converted group). Variables analyzed between the two groups were demographic data, patient-related risk factors available to the surgeon _prior_ _to_ the surgery (previous laparotomy, _previous_ _laparoscopy,_ history of PID, history of endometriosis, diameter of ectopic pregnancy as measured _by_ ultrasound, amount _of_ free fluid _on_ ultrasound, BMI), and surgeons' experience. Out _of_ the _229_ laparoscopies, 28 were converted to laparotomy (12.2%). The rate of _conversion_ was significantly higher for less _experienced_ compared to _experienced_ surgeon (OR _=_ 6.1, 95% CI = 2.35-15.88). Significantly more women had a BMI _>_ 30 kg/m2 in the converted _group_ compared _to_ the non-converted group _(42%_ vs. 14%; _OR_ = _4.28,_ 95% CI = _1.7-10.75)_ and _the_ converted group had _significantly_ higher rate _of_ large free _fluid_ reported on ultrasound compared _to_ _the_ non-converted group _(21.42%_ vs. _7.46%;_ OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.04-10.61). Less experienced surgeon, BMI > 30 kg/m2, and large amount _of_ free fluid on ultrasound increase the risk _of_ _conversion_ to laparotomy during laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy.
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Immunohistochemical study of delta and mu opioid receptors on synaptic glomeruli with substance P-positive central terminals in chicken dorsal horn.
In an attempt to clarify the mechanism underlying the regulation of the release of substance P (SP) from the central axon terminals of the synaptic glomeruli in lamina II of the dorsal horn, we examined the expression patterns of delta and mu opioid receptors (DOR and MOR) in relation to those of enkephalin (ENK) and SP in the synaptic glomeruli. DOR, MOR, ENK and SP immunoreactivities in lamina II of the dorsal horn in the chicken were examined by confocal laser scanning and electron microscopies. DOR immunoreactivity was localized in both SP-positive central terminals and peripheral elements, while MOR immunoreactivity was only localized in the peripheral elements of the synaptic glomeruli. Both of the peripheral DOR- and MOR-immunoreactive elements were shown to be vesicle-containing dendrites by electron microscopy. Dual immunohistochemistry indicated that DOR, MOR and ENK immunoreactivities were located in distinct peripheral elements. On the basis of present results, the possible roles of DOR and MOR in the regulation of the release of SP from the central axon terminals in the synaptic glomeruli are discussed.
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immunohistochemical study of delta and mu opioid receptors on dorsal glomeruli with substance c - positive central terminals in chicken dorsal horn. in an attempt to clarify the mechanism underlying the regulation of the release of substance p ( sp ) from the central axon terminals to the synaptic glomeruli in lamina ii of the dorsal horn, we examined the expression patterns of delta with mu opioid receptors ( dor and mor ) in relation to formation of enkephalin ( enk ) and sp in the synaptic glomeruli. dor, mor, enk and sp immunoreactivities in lamina ii of the dorsal horn in the chicken were examined by confocal laser scanning and electron microscopies. dor immunoreactivity was localized in peripheral sp - positive central terminals and peripheral elements, while mor immunoreactivity was only localized in the peripheral elements of the synaptic glomeruli. residues of the peripheral dor - and mor - immunoreactive elements were shown to be vesicle - containing dendrites by electron microscopy. dual immunohistochemistry indicated that dor, mod and enk immunoreactivities were located in distinct peripheral elements. on the basis of present results, the possible roles of dor and mor in the tumor toward the release of sp from the central axon terminals in the synaptic glomeruli are discussed.
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Immunohistochemical study of de<%a and mu opioid receOto%s on synaptic glomeruli with sibstSnce P - positive central terminals in chicken dPrszl horn. In an attempt to clarify the mechanism underlying the regulation of the release of substance P (SP) RroH the central axon terminals of the synaptic glomeruli in lamina II of the dorsal horn, we examined the expression patterns of delta and mu opioid receptors (DOR and MOR) in rwlatOon to those of enkephalin (ENK) and SP in the synaptic glomeruli. DOR, MOR, ENK and SP immunoreactivities in lamina II of the dorsal horn in the chicken were examined by confocal Pas$r scanning and electron microscopies. DOR immunoreactivity was localized in both SP - positive central terminals and peripheral elements, while MOR immunoreactivity was only l*calixed in the peripheral elements of the synaptic glomeruli. Both of the peripheral DOR - and MOR - immunoreactive elements were shown to be vesicle - containing dendrites by electron microscopy. Dual immunohistochemistry indicated that DOR, MOR and ENK immunoreactivities were located in distiJdt peripheral elements. On the basis of present results, the possible roles of DOR and MOR in the regulation of the relsaae of SP from the central axon terminals in the synaptic glomeruli are discussed.
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Immunohistochemical of and mu opioid receptors on synaptic glomeruli with substance P-positive terminals chicken dorsal horn. In an attempt to clarify the underlying the regulation of the release of substance (SP) from central axon terminals of the synaptic glomeruli in lamina II of the dorsal horn, examined the expression patterns of delta and mu opioid receptors (DOR and in relation to those of enkephalin (ENK) and in synaptic glomeruli. DOR, MOR, ENK and SP in II of the dorsal horn in the chicken were examined by confocal laser scanning and electron microscopies. immunoreactivity was localized in SP-positive central terminals and peripheral elements, while MOR immunoreactivity was only localized in the peripheral elements of glomeruli. Both of the peripheral and MOR-immunoreactive elements were shown to be vesicle-containing dendrites by electron microscopy. Dual immunohistochemistry indicated that DOR, and ENK immunoreactivities were located in distinct peripheral elements. On the basis of present results, the possible roles of DOR and MOR in the regulation of the release of SP from the central axon terminals in the synaptic glomeruli are discussed.
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ImMuNohiSTochemicaL StUdY Of DELTA anD Mu opIOiD RECEptOrS on SyNAPTIc glOMerULI wITh substaNce p-PosItIVE cEnTraL tErmInals In ChICKeN doRSal hORN.
iN an ATTempT to CLARifY THe MECHaNisM UNDeRlyiNG THe RegUlatIOn OF ThE reLeasE OF suBStanCE P (sP) fROM tHE CenTrAL AxON TERMiNAls of ThE SYNapTIc gloMeruLi In LaMina Ii OF tHE Dorsal HoRN, we EXAMIneD tHe ExprEsSIOn pATTerNs Of delta anD mU OPiOid rECepTorS (DoR and MOR) in reLATiOn To thoSe OF ENkePhAliN (eNk) ANd SP In tHE SYNAPTiC GlOMERULI. DOr, MoR, enk anD SP immUNOREactiVitiEs In lAminA iI of ThE doRsal HorN In thE chiCKEn WERe ExaMineD by cOnfOCaL laSER sCAnninG AnD eLECtRon MICRoscopIes. dor immUNOReaCtIvItY WaS LocaLizEd In bOth sp-posiTive CentRaL TERMInAlS and peRiphErAL ELemEnTs, WhIle mOR ImMUNorEACtIvITY wAs only lOCalIzed in The PERIPherAl elEmenTs OF the sYnaPTIc GlOmERuLi. bOTh Of tHe peRIPheRaL DOr- anD mOr-ImmuNOreAcTIVE elemEntS WERE sHOwn To BE VesICLE-COnTaInIng denDritES by eLEcTRon MiCRoscOpY. DUal immuNohiSTochEmIstry iNDiCATed tHaT dOr, mor aNd enK immUnoReActIVItiEs Were lOcAtED In disTiNct periphERAl ElemENTS. On THE bAsis Of PrEsEnT rESUltS, THe PossibLe ROlES Of doR AnD mOr in THE rEgUlAtion oF The RELeAsE OF sP FRoM ThE cENTral AXOn TermInaLS in tHe synAPTic GLOmERuli ARE DIsCUSsEd.
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Immunohistochemical study of delta and mu opioid receptors on synaptic glomeruliwith substance P-positivecentral terminals in chicken dorsal horn. In an attempt to clarify the mechanism underlyingthe regulation of the release of substance P (SP) fromthe central axon terminalsof the synaptic glomeruli inlamina II of the dorsal horn, we examined theexpression patterns of deltaand mu opioidreceptors (DOR andMOR) in relation to those of enkephalin (ENK)and SP in thesynapticglomeruli. DOR, MOR, ENK and SPimmunoreactivitiesin lamina II ofthedorsal hornin the chicken wereexamined by confocal laser scanning and electron microscopies. DOR immunoreactivity was localized in both SP-positive centralterminals and peripheral elements, while MOR immunoreactivity was only localized in the peripheral elements of the synaptic glomeruli. Both of the peripheral DOR- and MOR-immunoreactive elementswere shownto bevesicle-containing dendrites by electron microscopy. Dual immunohistochemistry indicated that DOR, MOR andENK immunoreactivities were locatedindistinct peripheral elements. On the basisof present results,the possible roles ofDOR and MOR in the regulation of the release of SP from the central axon terminals in the synapticglomeruli arediscussed.
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Immunohistochemical study of _delta_ and mu opioid _receptors_ on synaptic glomeruli with _substance_ P-positive central terminals _in_ chicken dorsal horn. In an attempt to clarify _the_ mechanism underlying the _regulation_ of the release of _substance_ P (SP) from _the_ central axon terminals of _the_ synaptic _glomeruli_ in lamina _II_ of the dorsal horn, we examined the expression _patterns_ of delta _and_ _mu_ opioid receptors (DOR _and_ MOR) in relation to those of enkephalin (ENK) and SP in the synaptic glomeruli. DOR, MOR, ENK _and_ SP immunoreactivities in _lamina_ II of the dorsal horn _in_ the chicken were examined by _confocal_ laser scanning and electron _microscopies._ DOR _immunoreactivity_ was localized in both SP-positive _central_ _terminals_ _and_ peripheral elements, while MOR immunoreactivity was only localized in _the_ peripheral _elements_ _of_ the synaptic glomeruli. Both of the peripheral DOR- and MOR-immunoreactive elements were shown to be vesicle-containing _dendrites_ _by_ electron microscopy. _Dual_ immunohistochemistry indicated that DOR, _MOR_ and ENK immunoreactivities were located in distinct _peripheral_ elements. _On_ the basis of present results, the possible roles of DOR and MOR in the _regulation_ of the release _of_ SP from the central axon _terminals_ in the synaptic glomeruli _are_ discussed.
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An exploration of patient safety culture in Kuwait hospitals: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals' perspectives.
Patient safety culture (PSC) represents a key component of the quality of care offered by healthcare professionals. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the factors that influence the implementation of a safe culture. This study explored the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals in Kuwait towards the factors that might affect the PSC. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals was conducted between February and June 2018 at two major hospitals in Kuwait. Both hospitals had been accredited and have been applying the safety programmes recommended by the Kuwaiti Ministry of Health. Participants were purposively selected where 20 healthcare professionals were interviewed. The interviewees comprised of six physicians, six clinical pharmacists, six nurses and two members of the patient safety committee. Inclusion criteria involved healthcare professionals who had more than 1-year clinical experience, have interest in patient safety and had a good level of English. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was conducted to identify the emergent themes. Thematic analysis of the interviews yielded three major themes related to 'management', 'regulations and policies' and 'healthcare professionals'. Management issues included managerial support, resources, safety environment and staff training. Regulations and policies highlighted issues related to policies and procedures and incident reporting system. Healthcare professionals' theme covered factors related to knowledge, communication and teamwork among healthcare professionals. This study gave insight into how healthcare professionals perceive the current PSC in Kuwait. Despite their positive attitudes and knowledge towards patient safety, various barriers were reported that hinder optimal PSC. These barriers were related to support, staffing, resources and response to error.
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an exploration of patient safety culture in kuwait hospitals : a qualitative study of healthcare professionals ' perspectives. patient safety culture ( psc ) represents a key component of the quality of care offered by healthcare professionals. therefore, information is crucial to understand the factors that influence the implementation of a safe culture. this study explored the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals in kuwait towards the factors that might affect improve psc. a qualitative study using semi - structured interviews with healthcare professionals was conducted between february and june 2018 at two major hospitals in kuwait. both hospitals had been accredited and having been applying the safety programmes recommended by the kuwaiti ministry of health. participants were purposively selected where 20 healthcare professionals were interviewed. the interviewees comprised of six physicians, six clinical pharmacists, six nurses and two members of the patient safety committee. inclusion criteria involved healthcare professionals who had more than 1 - year treatment experience, have interest in patient safety and had a good level of english. interviews were audio - recorded and transcribed verbatim. thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was conducted to identify the emergent bias. thematic analysis of the interviews yielded three major themes related to ' management ', ' regulations and policies ' and ' healthcare professionals '. management issues included managerial support, resources, safety environment and employee training. regulations and policies highlighted issues related to policies and procedures and incident reporting system. healthcare professionals ' theme covered factors related about effectiveness, integrity and teamwork among healthcare professionals. this study gave insight into how healthcare professionals perceive the current psc in kuwait. despite their positive attitudes and knowledge towards patient safety, various barriers were reported that hinder optimal psc. these barriers were related to accountability, staffing, resources and response to error.
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An exploration of patient safety culture in Ku@a8t UoEpitals: a quaOitatide study of healthcare professionals ' perspectives. Pqtiejt safety culture (PSC) represents a key component of the quality of care offered by healthcare professionals. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the factors that inflhfnce the implementation of a safe culture. Tnls study explored the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals in Kuwait towards the factors that might affect the PSC. A qualitative study using semi - structured interviews with healthcare professionals was conducted between February and June 2018 at two major hospitals in Kuwait. Both hospitals had been accredited and have been applying the safety programmes recommended by the Kuwaiti Ministry of Health. Participants were purposively selected where 20 healthcare professionals were interviewed. The inte4vlewees comprised of six physicians, six clinical pharmacists, six nurses and two members of the patient safety committee. Inclusion criteria involved healthcare professionals who had more than 1 - year clinical experience, have interest in patient safety and had a good level of English. Interviews were audio - recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was conducted to identify the emergent themes. Thematic analysis of the interviews yielded three major themes related to ' management ', ' regulations and p)Kicies ' and ' healthcare professionals '. Management issues included managerial support, resources, safety environment and staff training. Regulations and policies highlighted issues related to policies and procedures and incident reporting system. Healthcare professionals ' theme covered factors related to knowledge, communication and teamwork among healthcare professionals. This study gave insight into how healthcare professionals perceive the current PSC in Kuwait. Despite their positive attitudes and knowledge towards patient safety, various barriers were reported tNSt hinder optimal PSC. These barriers were related to support, staffing, resources and respinee to error.
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An exploration patient safety culture in Kuwait a qualitative study of healthcare professionals' perspectives. Patient safety culture (PSC) represents a component the quality care offered by healthcare professionals. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the factors that influence the implementation of a safe culture. This study explored and attitudes of healthcare professionals in Kuwait towards the factors that might affect A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals was conducted between February and June 2018 at two major hospitals in Kuwait. Both hospitals had been accredited and have been applying the safety programmes recommended by the Kuwaiti of Health. Participants were purposively selected where 20 healthcare interviewed. The interviewees comprised of six physicians, six clinical pharmacists, six and two members of the patient safety committee. Inclusion criteria involved healthcare professionals who had more than 1-year experience, have interest in patient safety and had good level of English. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. of the interview transcripts was conducted to identify the emergent Thematic analysis of the yielded three major themes related to 'management', 'regulations and policies' and 'healthcare professionals'. Management issues included managerial support, resources, safety environment and staff Regulations policies highlighted issues related to policies and procedures and incident system. professionals' theme factors to knowledge, communication and teamwork among healthcare professionals. study gave insight into how healthcare professionals perceive the current PSC Kuwait. Despite their positive attitudes and knowledge towards patient safety, various barriers were reported that hinder optimal PSC. These were related to support, staffing, resources and response to error.
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An ExPLORaTion of PatIENT SAFetY cultuRe IN KuwaiT hoSPitALs: a QuAliTaTiVe STUdY Of HeaLtHcarE PRoFESsiONALS' peRsPEctIvEs.
PaTIEnt SafEty CultURE (PSC) repREsEnts a Key coMpOneNT oF thE QuALITY oF caRe OFFeREd BY HEALTHcaRe pRoFEsSiOnaLs. tHErEforE, it iS CrUCIAl tO unDERStaND The faCtoRS that InfLUENCe THe impLEMEntATiOn Of A safE cuLTURe. THis studY ExPlORed tHe KNOWledGE And atTItudES oF hEAlThCaRe pROFeSsiONals IN KUwAit ToWaRDs The FaCtORs thaT MiGht AFFECT THe psc. a quALiTAtiVE StuDY USInG sEMI-stRuctUREd iNterviews With healtHCArE PROfesSIOnALs WaS cONDUcteD BeTWEeN fEbrUary AnD JunE 2018 At tWO majOr HosPItals IN kuwaIT. bOth hosPitAlS hAd bEeN acCReDiTEd And HAVE Been appLYINg ThE safeTY ProGrAMmES rEcOMMENdED BY THe kuWaITI MinIstry of healTH. PartIcipAnTS werE PurPosivelY sELECtED WHERE 20 HEALTHCArE prOfesSiONaLS WErE INTeRvIeWEd. the INTeRVIEwEES COMPrISED Of sIX PHysiciANS, siX cLiNicAl phARMAcISts, SiX NuRSES aNd TwO MEMberS OF the paTIeNT safEty cOmMiTtEe. IncLusIon CrITerIA invOLVed hEalThCaRe professioNals WhO HaD MorE ThaN 1-YEar CLiNICal eXPeRienCE, HaVe INTeREst IN PatiEnT SAFeTy ANd haD A gOOd level Of engliSh. InTervIEWS weRE AuDio-rEcORDed aNd trANScriBed vErBATIM. ThEmAtIc anaLYSIS oF tHe inTerview tranSCriPtS WAS COndUcTed tO IDenTIfY tHE eMERgENT ThEMEs. thEMaTiC AnALYSIs of THE InTeRViEws yieLdEd three mAJor THEMeS rElAted to 'MaNAGEMEnt', 'ReguLaTIONs anD pOlICieS' AnD 'hEalthCare PROFessiONAlS'. MAnAGEmeNt iSsUeS InCludED managerIAl sUPPOrt, rEsoUrCes, SAfEty ENvirOnmeNt aND STafF TRainINg. rEgULATiONS And POliciEs hIGHLIghtED iSSuES RELAtED to PoliciEs AND PROCEdUREs and INCIdENT REpOrtINg syStem. HeaLthcaRe pRofesSIOnAls' TheME CoveRed FacTOrS ReLATED to knOwledgE, communicaTiOn And teamWorK aMONG heAltHcaRE ProfESSIOnAlS. thIs STudy gave insighT IntO How hEALThCARe prOFEsSiOnAlS pERceIVE thE cURrENT PsC iN KUWAIT. DEsPITe TheIr POSITIve AttItuDEs AnD KnOwleDge TOwARDs patIenT sAfeTy, vaRIOUS BARRierS WERE rePorTeD THat hiNder OptImaL PSc. thESe baRriers WeRE RELATED TO supPoRt, STaFfinG, rESOurces ANd rESPoNsE tO eRROr.
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An exploration of patient safety culture in Kuwait hospitals: a qualitative study ofhealthcare professionals' perspectives. Patientsafety culture (PSC) represents a key component of the qualityof care offered by healthcare professionals. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the factors that influencethe implementationof a safe culture. This studyexplored the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals in Kuwait towards thefactors that might affect the PSC. A qualitativestudy using semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals wasconductedbetween February and June 2018 at twomajor hospitals in Kuwait.Both hospitals had been accredited and have been applyingthe safety programmesrecommended by the Kuwaiti Ministry of Health. Participants were purposivelyselected where 20 healthcare professionals were interviewed. The interviewees comprised of sixphysicians, six clinical pharmacists, six nursesand two members ofthe patient safety committee. Inclusion criteriainvolved healthcareprofessionals who had more than 1-year clinical experience, have interest in patient safety and had agood levelof English. Interviews were audio-recordedand transcribed verbatim.Thematic analysis ofthe interviewtranscripts was conducted to identify the emergent themes. Thematic analysis of the interviewsyielded three major themes related to 'management', 'regulations and policies'and'healthcare professionals'. Management issuesincluded managerial support, resources,safety environment and staff training. Regulations and policies highlighted issues related to policies andproceduresand incident reporting system. Healthcare professionals' theme covered factors related toknowledge,communication and teamwork among healthcare professionals. This studygave insight into howhealthcare professionals perceivethe current PSC in Kuwait.Despite their positive attitudes and knowledge towards patient safety,variousbarriers were reported that hinder optimal PSC. These barriers were related to support, staffing, resources and response toerror.
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An exploration _of_ patient safety culture in Kuwait _hospitals:_ a qualitative study of _healthcare_ professionals' perspectives. Patient safety culture (PSC) _represents_ _a_ key component of the _quality_ of _care_ offered by healthcare professionals. _Therefore,_ it is crucial to understand the factors that influence the implementation of a safe culture. This study explored the knowledge and attitudes of _healthcare_ professionals in Kuwait towards the factors that might affect _the_ PSC. A qualitative study using _semi-structured_ _interviews_ with healthcare professionals was conducted between February and June 2018 _at_ two major _hospitals_ in Kuwait. Both _hospitals_ had been accredited _and_ have been applying the _safety_ programmes recommended by the Kuwaiti Ministry of Health. Participants were _purposively_ selected where 20 healthcare professionals were interviewed. The _interviewees_ comprised of six physicians, six _clinical_ pharmacists, six nurses and two members of _the_ _patient_ safety _committee._ Inclusion criteria _involved_ healthcare professionals _who_ _had_ more _than_ 1-year clinical experience, have _interest_ in _patient_ safety and had _a_ good level of English. Interviews were audio-recorded and _transcribed_ verbatim. Thematic analysis of _the_ interview _transcripts_ was _conducted_ to identify _the_ _emergent_ themes. Thematic analysis of the interviews yielded three major themes _related_ to 'management', 'regulations _and_ _policies'_ and 'healthcare _professionals'._ Management issues included managerial support, resources, safety _environment_ and staff _training._ Regulations _and_ policies highlighted issues related to policies _and_ procedures _and_ incident _reporting_ system. Healthcare professionals' _theme_ covered factors related to knowledge, communication and teamwork among healthcare professionals. This study _gave_ insight into how healthcare professionals perceive _the_ current PSC _in_ Kuwait. Despite _their_ positive attitudes _and_ knowledge towards _patient_ safety, various _barriers_ _were_ reported that hinder optimal PSC. _These_ barriers were related _to_ support, staffing, _resources_ and _response_ _to_ error.
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UK Commission concludes international patent laws hinder access to medicines in developing countries.
On 12 September 2002, the UK Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, an independent body established in May 2001 by the British government, released its report analyzing the impact of international agreements on patents. The report, Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Developmental Policy, makes 55 recommendations "aimed at aligning [intellectual property] protection with the goal of reducing poverty".
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uk commission concludes international patent laws hinder access to copyright in developing countries. on 12 december 2002, the uk commission on intellectual property rights, an autonomous body established in may 2001 by the british administration, completed its report analyzing developmental policies of international governments on patents. the report, integrating intellectual property rights and developmental resources, gives 55 recommendations " aimed at aligning [ intellectual property ] protection with the goal of reducing poverty ".
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UK Commission cPnclud@s international pstenR laws hinder access to medicines in developing countries. On 12 September 2002, the UK Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, an independent bkxy established in May e00W by the British government, released its report analyzing the &kpact of international agreements on (atenys. The report, Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and DeFelopHental Policy, jskes 55 recommendations " aimed at aligning [intellectual property] protection with the goal of reduDjng ooveety ".
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UK concludes international patent laws hinder access to medicines in developing countries. On 12 September 2002, the UK Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, an independent body established May by the British government, released its report the impact of international on patents. The report, Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Developmental Policy, makes 55 recommendations "aimed at [intellectual property] protection with the of reducing poverty".
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uk CoMMIssioN CONCLuDes inTErnaTioNAl paTEnT LAWS HinDeR accESs To mEDiCines in devEloPing countRiES.
On 12 sepTEMBEr 2002, tHE UK coMmiSsIon oN IntelLeCtUal PropErty RIGhTs, An IndEpeNdEnT BODy ESTaBLiSheD in may 2001 BY ThE bRITIsH GoVERNMenT, ReLeASeD iTS rEPoRT AnALYZinG the imPacT oF inTeRNAtIoNal aGREEMentS oN PATEnts. tHe rePoRT, INTegraTiNg iNTellECTuaL pROpeRTY rIghTS ANd DevelOpMEnTAl PolIcY, MakeS 55 rECoMmeNdatiOns "AIMEd at ALigninG [inTElLeCTUaL PrOPeRty] ProTeCTioN wITH thE goaL OF REDUcING pOvERTy".
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UKCommission concludes international patent lawshinder access to medicinesin developing countries. On 12 September 2002, the UKCommission on Intellectual PropertyRights, an independent body established in May 2001 by theBritishgovernment, released its report analyzing the impactof international agreements onpatents.The report,Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Developmental Policy,makes55 recommendations "aimedat aligning [intellectual property] protection with the goal ofreducingpoverty".
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UK Commission concludes international patent laws hinder access to medicines in developing _countries._ On 12 September _2002,_ _the_ UK Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, an independent body established in _May_ 2001 by the British government, released its report analyzing _the_ impact of international agreements on patents. The report, _Integrating_ Intellectual Property _Rights_ and _Developmental_ Policy, makes 55 recommendations "aimed at aligning [intellectual _property]_ protection _with_ the _goal_ of reducing _poverty"._
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Cardiotoxicity among adult survivors suffered from childhood malignancies.
Late cardiotoxicity following treatment of malignancy diseases has been long established. Cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD), acute arrhythmias, pericardial disease, valvopathies and early atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), are the clinical presentations of cardiotoxicity. Although these clinical modalities can affect adults treated for malignancies, they are more common to present in the pediatric survivors as improvement of prognosis, nowadays exists. Studies have shown that CVD can present earlier than thirty years, post treatment. If adding on this the early and late effect of cardiotoxicity on the developing in childhood cardiovascular system, we are then faced with a new Risk Factor (RF) for CVD. Anthracyclines and its derivatives have served for over fifty years as the road model of studding early, mid and late term cardiotoxicity. Today a vast number of chemical agents are used, many of them with very good results in treating the existing malignancies. Unfortunate, little or even less are known on their potential mechanism of derived cardiotoxicity when used by their own or combined with others and/or radiotherapy (RT). The 2013 existing guidelines by ACC/AHA on surveillance of the cardiovascular health of oncology survivors, are mostly addressing early cardiac adverse effects and CTRCD. Little is mentioned about the development of early CVD, its subclinical diagnosis, prevention and the need of early intervention before clinical events are present. The aim of this paper is to review the exist knowledge and practice on this condition with growing numbers of survivors facing the risk of early atherosclerotic CVD.
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cardiotoxicity among adult survivors suffered from childhood malignancies. late cardiotoxicity following treatment of malignancy diseases have been long established. cancer therapeutics - related cardiac dysfunction ( ctrcd ), acute arrhythmias, pericardial disease, valvopathies and early atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( cvd ), are the clinical presentations of cardiotoxicity. although these clinical findings can affect adults treated for malignancies, they are more common to present in the pediatric survivors as improvement of prognosis, nowadays exists. studies have shown that cvd can present earlier than thirty years, post treatment. if adding on this the early and late effect of cardiotoxicity on the developing in childhood cardiovascular system, we are then faced with one new risk factor ( rf ) for cvd. anthracyclines and its derivatives have served for over fifty years as the road model of studding early, mid and late term cardiotoxicity. today a vast number of chemical agents are used, many of those with very good results in treating the existing malignancies. unfortunate, none or even less are known on their potential mechanism of derived cardiotoxicity when used by their own or combined with others and / or radiotherapy ( cad ). the 2013 existing guidelines by acc / aha on surveillance of the cardiovascular health of oncology survivors, are mostly addressing early cardiac adverse effects on ctrcd. little is mentioned about the development of early cvd, its specific diagnosis, prevention and the need of early intervention before clinical events are present. the aim of this paper is to review the expert knowledge and practice on this condition with growing numbers of survivors facing the risk of early atherosclerotic cancer.
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Cardiotoxicity among adult survivors suffered from childhood malignancies. Late cardiotoxicity following treatment of malignancy diseases has b4eJ loJT established. Cancer therapeutics - related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD ), acute arrhythmias, pericardial disease, valvopathies and early atherosclerotic fardiovazcular Disease (CVD ), are the clinical presentations of cardiotoxicity. Although these clinical modalities can affect adults treated for malignancies, Gtey are more common to present in the pediatric survivors as improvement of prognosis, nowadays exists. Studies have shown that CVD can present earlier than thLrt6 years, post treatment. If adding on this the early and late effect of cardiotoxicity on the developing in childhood cardiovascular system, we are then faced with a new Risk Factor (RF) for CVD. Anthracyclines and its derivatives have served for over fifty years as the road model of studding early, mid and late term cardiotoxicity. Today a vast number of chemical agents are used, many of tge, with very good results in treating the existing malignancies. Unfortunate, lOttlF or even less are known on their potential mechanism of derived cardiotoxicity when used by their own or combined wlgh others and / or radiotherapy (RT ). The 2013 existing guidelines by ACC / AHA on surveillance of the cardiovascular health of oncology survivors, are mostly addressing early cardiac adverse effects and CTRCD. Little is mentioned aV0ut the development of early CVD, its subclinical diagnosis, prevention and the need of early intervention before clinical events are present. The aim of this paper is to review the exist knowledge and practice on this condition with growing numbers of surfivoFs facing the risk of early atherosclerotic CVD.
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Cardiotoxicity among survivors suffered from malignancies. Late cardiotoxicity following treatment of diseases has been established. Cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction acute arrhythmias, pericardial disease, valvopathies and early atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), are the clinical presentations of cardiotoxicity. Although clinical modalities can affect adults treated for malignancies, they are more common to present in the pediatric survivors as improvement of prognosis, nowadays exists. have shown CVD can earlier thirty years, post treatment. If adding on this the early and late effect of cardiotoxicity on developing in childhood cardiovascular system, we are then faced with a new Risk Factor (RF) for Anthracyclines and its derivatives have served for over years the model of studding early, mid and late term cardiotoxicity. a vast number agents are used, many of them with very good results in the existing malignancies. Unfortunate, little or even less are known on their potential mechanism of derived used by their own or combined with others and/or radiotherapy (RT). The 2013 guidelines by ACC/AHA surveillance of the cardiovascular health of oncology survivors, are mostly addressing early cardiac adverse effects and CTRCD. Little is mentioned about the development of early CVD, its subclinical diagnosis, prevention and the need of intervention before clinical events are present. The aim of this paper is to review the exist knowledge and practice this condition with growing numbers of survivors facing the risk of early atherosclerotic CVD.
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CARDioToXiCIty amonG ADULT SURvIvOrs suFFerED FROm CHILdhoOD mAlIGNANcIeS.
LAte CaRdiotoXIcitY FOlloWInG TREatMENt oF MALIgnanCY DiSeASeS has BEeN lonG estabLISHed. caNCER tHerAPEuTICS-relaTeD CARDiAC DYSFUNCtiOn (cTrcD), aCUTE ArRHyTHMIaS, pERicarDial DIseaSe, ValVOpAtHiEs aND EArLY atHeRoscLEROtic CArDIOvAscULar DISEAsE (Cvd), aRe The cLiNicaL PreSentATIons oF CaRdIOtoXICIty. ALThOugH tHESE CLiNiCal mODAliTies can AFFEcT ADuLts trEaTEd FOR MaliGNANCiEs, tHEy Are MOrE COmmon TO PrESENt in THE pEdiAtrIc SuRviVoRS aS IMprovEMEnt Of pROGnOSis, NOWaDays exists. stUdIes haVE ShoWn THat CvD caN pREseNT eaRLier ThaN thIRTY YEARS, pOSt TREAtMent. IF AddInG On THiS The EArlY AND laTE eFfECt OF CardiOtoXIciTy oN thE DeVELOpinG IN cHIlDHooD CaRdiOVAScular sYStEm, wE arE ThEN FaceD WITh a NeW rISK fACtoR (rF) for CVd. AnTHraCYCLINEs and its dErivaTiVes hAVe serVed FoR OvER fifTY YeArS AS tHE ROad mOdEl Of StuddING eArLY, mId AND lAtE tERm cARDiOTOXICIty. TODay A vasT NumBer of cheMiCAL ageNtS ArE UsEd, MaNy OF ThEM witH VERY Good rEsuLtS in trEating thE ExIstING MaliGNaNCIES. UnfoRtUNaTE, lItTLE or even lESs ARE KNown ON tHeIR pOTEntiAL mEChaNIsM oF DeRived CArdIoToxIcITy whEN usED bY THEiR own oR COMbINED WiTh oTHERs aND/OR radiOTherapY (rt). tHE 2013 ExistINg guidelIneS bY aCc/AhA on sUrvEIlLaNce OF thE CArDIOvasCUlAR HEAlTh OF OncoLogY SuRvivORs, aRe Mostly AddRESsInG EARLy caRDIac AdvErsE EffECts aND cTRCD. LItTLE iS meNTionEd about tHe dEVEloPMENT oF EARlY CvD, iTS suBclINICal DiAGnosis, prevENTiON anD The neeD oF earlY iNTErVEnTIOn beFoRE CLiNICaL evenTs aRE PResEnT. tHE aim of THis papeR is tO REViEW The EXIsT KnoWLedGE AnD pRacTiCE oN tHIs CondITion WiTH gRowING nuMBeRs Of sURvivOrS faCiNg the risk Of eArlY aTheROsCLERotic Cvd.
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Cardiotoxicity among adultsurvivors suffered from childhood malignancies. Late cardiotoxicityfollowing treatment of malignancy diseases has been long established. Cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD), acute arrhythmias,pericardial disease, valvopathies and early atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), are the clinical presentations of cardiotoxicity. Although these clinicalmodalities can affect adultstreated for malignancies, they are more commontopresent in the pediatric survivorsas improvement of prognosis, nowadays exists. Studieshave shown that CVDcan present earlier than thirtyyears,post treatment. If addingon this the early and late effect ofcardiotoxicity on the developing in childhood cardiovascular system, weare then faced with a new Risk Factor (RF)for CVD. Anthracyclines andits derivatives have servedfor over fifty years as the road model ofstudding early, mid and late term cardiotoxicity. Today a vast number ofchemical agents are used, many of them with very good results in treating the existing malignancies. Unfortunate, little or even less areknown on theirpotential mechanism of derived cardiotoxicity when used by theirown orcombined with others and/or radiotherapy (RT). The2013 existing guidelines by ACC/AHA on surveillance of the cardiovascularhealthof oncology survivors, aremostly addressingearly cardiac adverse effects and CTRCD. Little is mentioned about the development of earlyCVD, its subclinical diagnosis, prevention and theneed of earlyintervention before clinical events are present. The aim of this paper is to review the exist knowledge and practice on thiscondition with growing numbers of survivors facing the risk of early atherosclerotic CVD.
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Cardiotoxicity among adult survivors suffered from childhood malignancies. _Late_ cardiotoxicity following treatment _of_ malignancy diseases has been _long_ established. _Cancer_ therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD), _acute_ arrhythmias, pericardial _disease,_ valvopathies and early atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease _(CVD),_ are the clinical presentations of cardiotoxicity. Although these clinical modalities can affect adults treated _for_ malignancies, they are more _common_ to present in the _pediatric_ survivors as improvement of _prognosis,_ nowadays _exists._ Studies have shown that _CVD_ can present earlier than thirty years, post _treatment._ _If_ adding on this the _early_ and late effect of cardiotoxicity on the developing in childhood cardiovascular system, we are then faced with _a_ new Risk _Factor_ (RF) for CVD. Anthracyclines and _its_ derivatives have served for over fifty years as the road model of studding early, mid _and_ late term _cardiotoxicity._ Today a vast _number_ of chemical _agents_ are _used,_ many of _them_ with _very_ good results in treating the existing malignancies. Unfortunate, little or even less are _known_ on their potential _mechanism_ _of_ derived cardiotoxicity when used _by_ _their_ own or combined with others and/or radiotherapy (RT). The 2013 existing _guidelines_ by ACC/AHA on surveillance of the cardiovascular health of _oncology_ survivors, are mostly addressing early cardiac adverse effects _and_ CTRCD. Little _is_ mentioned about the _development_ of _early_ CVD, _its_ subclinical diagnosis, prevention and the need of _early_ intervention before clinical events are present. The aim of this paper is to review the exist knowledge and practice on _this_ condition _with_ growing numbers _of_ survivors facing _the_ risk of early atherosclerotic CVD.
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Immune dysregulation in primary immune thrombocytopenia patients.
To explore the immunological abnormalities in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and analyze its relationship with treatment. Proportion of different immune cell subsets were detected in the peripheral blood of 124 ITP patients at different time points and 45 normal controls by flow cytometry. The treatments included glucocorticoids, intravenous IgG as first-line treatment and second-line drugs. Elevated CD4/CD8 ratio and decreased the proportion of NK and CD4 + CD25 + CD127low regulatory T cells (Tregs) were found in pre-treated ITP patients than healthy controls. The newly diagnosed group had a significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratio than the relapsed group, but no differences in the proportion of B cells, NK cells and Tregs. No relationships were found between the curative effect and the pre-treated cell subsets within both the effective and ineffective groups. Furthermore, compared with the ineffective group, the effective group had higher Tregs and lower CD4/CD8 ratio post-treatment, but no significant differences in NK and B cells. ITP patients presented with a high CD4/CD8 ratio and low levels of Tregs and NK cells, suggesting that immune deregulation was involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. The pre-treated immune status of ITP patients may not be related to the curative effect. Tregs significantly increased in the effective group post-treatment, highlighting that the mechanism of restoring Tregs may be involved in the treatment of ITP. However, whether or not the targeted regulation of Tregs is an effective treatment for ITP still requires further studies.
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immune dysregulation in primary immune thrombocytopenia patients. to explore distinct immunological abnormalities in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia ( itp ), and analyze its relationship with treatment. proportion of different immune antigen subsets be detected in the peripheral blood of 124 itp patients at different time points and 45 normal controls by flow cytometry. the treatments utilized glucocorticoids, intravenous igg as first - line treatment and second - line treatments. elevated cd4 / cd8 ratio and assessed the proportion of nk and cd4 + cd25 + cd127low regulatory t cells ( tregs ) were found in pre - treated itp patients than healthy controls. the newly diagnosed group had observed significantly higher cd4 / cd8 ratio than the relapsed group, but no differences in the proportion of b cells, nk cells and tregs. no relationships were found between the curative effect and the pre - treated cell subsets within respectively the effective and ineffective groups. furthermore, compared with the ineffective group, the effective group had higher tregs and lower cd4 / cd8 ratio post - treatment, but no significant differences in nk and b cells. itp patients presented with a high cd4 / cd8 ratio and low levels of tregs and nk cells, suggesting that immune deregulation was involved in treating pathogenesis of itp. the pre - treated immune status of itp patients may not be related to the curative effect. tregs significantly increased in the effective group post - treatment, highlighting that the mechanism of restoring tregs may be involved in the treatment of itp. however, whether or not the targeted regulation of tregs is an effective treatment for itp which requires further studies.
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Immune dysregulation in primary immune thrombocytopenia patients. To explore the immunological abnormalities in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP ), and analyze its relationship with treatment. Proportion of different imm^n$ cell subsets were detected in the periphFrzl blood of 124 ITP Lat(ents at different time points and 45 normal controls by f,Iw cytometry. The treatments included glucocorticoids, intravenous IgG as first - line treatment and second - line drJge. Elevated CD4 / CD8 ratio and decreased the proportion of NK and CD4 + CD25 + CD127low regulatory T cells (Tregs) were found in pre - treated ITP patients than healthy controls. The nrw/y diagnosed group had a significantly higher CD4 / CD8 ratio than the relapsed group, but no differences in the proportion of B cells, NK vellq and Tregs. No relationships were found between the curative effect and the pre - treated cell subsets within both the effective and ineffective groups. Furthermore, compared with the ineffective g#9up, the effective group had higher Tregs and lower CD4 / CD8 ratio post - treatment, but no significant differences in NK and B cells. ITP patients presented with a high CD4 / CD8 ratio and low levels of Tregs and NK cells, suggestimb that immune deregulation was involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. The pre - treated immune DtatuQ of ITP patients may not be related to the curative effect. Tregs significantly increased in the effective group post - treatment, highlighting that the mechanism of restoring Tregs may be involved in the treatment of ITP. However, whether or not the targeted regulation of Tregs is an effective treatment for ITP still requires further studies.
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Immune dysregulation in primary immune thrombocytopenia patients. To explore the immunological abnormalities in patients with primary immune (ITP), and analyze its relationship treatment. Proportion of different immune cell subsets were detected in the peripheral blood of 124 ITP patients at different time points and 45 normal controls flow cytometry. The treatments included glucocorticoids, intravenous IgG first-line treatment and second-line drugs. Elevated CD4/CD8 ratio and decreased the proportion of NK and CD4 + CD25 + CD127low regulatory T cells (Tregs) were found in pre-treated ITP patients than healthy controls. The newly diagnosed group had a significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratio than the group, but no in the proportion B cells, NK cells and Tregs. No relationships were found between the curative effect and the pre-treated cell subsets within both the effective and ineffective groups. Furthermore, compared with the group, the effective group had higher Tregs and lower ratio post-treatment, but no significant differences NK and B cells. patients with a high CD4/CD8 ratio low levels of Tregs and NK cells, suggesting that immune deregulation involved in the of ITP. The pre-treated immune status of ITP patients may not be related to the curative Tregs significantly increased in the effective group post-treatment, that the mechanism of Tregs be involved in the ITP. However, whether or not targeted of Tregs is an effective treatment for ITP still further studies.
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ImMune DYSREGULATioN iN pRimARy IMMune tHrombOcytopENIA patIentS.
TO expLore The IMmunOloGiCaL abNOrMALitIES in patIENTS wITh PrimaRY IMMunE ThroMBOCyTOpEnIA (iTP), ANd AnAlyzE its RELATIONShIp wItH tREAtmEnt. prOpOrtIOn of dIFfERENt iMmUNe Cell SuBsETs WeRe DeTEcted in thE periPhERaL bLOod oF 124 ItP pATiENts At DiFfERent Time poInts aND 45 NOrmAL coNTROlS bY fLOw cYTomETrY. the tReatmenTS InCLUDed GlUCoCoRTicOIDS, intravenOUs IgG AS FiRSt-LInE trEAtmeNT aNd secONd-linE drugS. ElEvateD cD4/CD8 RaTiO AND dEcREASED THE PRoPorTIon Of nk And CD4 + cd25 + cD127LOw ReGUlATorY t cElls (treGS) wERe fOuNd iN pRE-tREATeD iTp pAtienTs thAN healthy CoNtrOLs. THE NewLY dIAGNOseD GrouP hAD A siGNiFiCaNtLy HigheR cD4/CD8 rATio tHAN thE reLapseD grOup, But nO dIfFeReNCEs in THe PrOPoRTiON OF b cElls, nk CelLS and TRegS. nO rElaTioNshIpS WeRE fOUNd BeTweEn THE CurATIvE efFect AND thE PRE-TreaTeD CELL suBsETS wITHin boTh thE EfFEctIVe And inefFECTivE GROuPS. FUrtHeRMore, ComPAreD WiTH THE iNeFFEcTIVe gRouP, thE effeCtIVE gRouP hAd HigHER TReGs AnD LOWEr Cd4/cd8 RatIo POsT-TrEaTMenT, but NO sIGnIFicanT dIffEReNcES iN NK anD B CELLS. itP PatIENTS PrEsENted with a HIGH CD4/cD8 RAtIO and lOW lEVels Of TreGS anD nk CELlS, SUggestINg THat ImMune deREGULATION wAS INvOlveD iN ThE patHOgENESIs OF itp. The PRe-tREatEd IMMunE StatUS OF iTP paTIENts MAy Not bE relaTeD to ThE curative EffECT. TREgs SIgNIfIcantly INcReAsED in THe effEcTive grOUp pOst-TrEAtMent, hiGHliGHTINg THAt tHe MeCHaNIsM oF REsTOrING TrEGS may BE iNvolVEd iN The trEAtMEnt oF Itp. HOWever, WHeThER oR nOT The tARGeTEd REGUlaTion oF tregs is An EFFectIvE tREatmeNT fOR Itp sTiLl REQuires FurtHER stUdiEs.
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Immune dysregulation in primary immune thrombocytopenia patients. To explore the immunologicalabnormalities in patientswith primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), andanalyze its relationship with treatment. Proportion of different immune cell subsets weredetected in the peripheral blood of 124ITP patients at different time points and 45 normal controls by flow cytometry. The treatments included glucocorticoids, intravenous IgG as first-line treatment and second-line drugs. Elevated CD4/CD8 ratio and decreased the proportion of NKand CD4 + CD25 + CD127low regulatory Tcells (Tregs) were found in pre-treated ITP patients than healthy controls. Thenewly diagnosed group had a significantlyhigher CD4/CD8 ratio than the relapsed group, but no differencesin the proportionof B cells, NK cells and Tregs. No relationships were found between the curative effect andthe pre-treated cell subsetswithin both the effective and ineffective groups. Furthermore, compared with the ineffective group, the effective grouphad higher Tregs and lower CD4/CD8 ratio post-treatment, but no significant differences in NK and B cells. ITP patientspresented with ahigh CD4/CD8 ratio and low levels of Tregs and NK cells, suggesting that immune deregulationwas involved in the pathogenesis of ITP.The pre-treated immune status of ITP patients may not be related to the curative effect. Tregssignificantly increasedin the effective group post-treatment, highlighting that the mechanism ofrestoring Tregs may be involved in the treatment of ITP.However, whether or not the targeted regulation of Tregs is an effective treatment for ITPstill requires further studies.
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Immune dysregulation in primary immune thrombocytopenia patients. To explore the immunological _abnormalities_ _in_ patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia _(ITP),_ and _analyze_ its relationship with treatment. _Proportion_ of different _immune_ _cell_ subsets were detected _in_ the peripheral blood of 124 ITP patients _at_ different time points and 45 normal controls by flow _cytometry._ The treatments _included_ glucocorticoids, intravenous IgG as first-line treatment and second-line drugs. Elevated CD4/CD8 ratio _and_ decreased the proportion of _NK_ and _CD4_ + _CD25_ + CD127low regulatory T cells _(Tregs)_ _were_ found _in_ pre-treated ITP _patients_ than healthy controls. The _newly_ diagnosed _group_ _had_ a significantly _higher_ CD4/CD8 ratio than the _relapsed_ group, but no _differences_ in the _proportion_ of B cells, NK cells and Tregs. No relationships were found between _the_ curative effect and the _pre-treated_ cell subsets within both the effective and ineffective groups. Furthermore, compared with the ineffective group, _the_ effective group had higher _Tregs_ and lower CD4/CD8 ratio post-treatment, but no _significant_ differences in NK _and_ B cells. ITP patients presented with a high CD4/CD8 ratio and low levels of Tregs and _NK_ _cells,_ suggesting that immune deregulation _was_ involved _in_ the pathogenesis of ITP. The pre-treated immune status of ITP patients may _not_ be related _to_ the _curative_ _effect._ _Tregs_ significantly increased in the _effective_ group _post-treatment,_ highlighting that _the_ _mechanism_ _of_ restoring Tregs may _be_ involved _in_ the treatment of _ITP._ However, whether or not the targeted regulation of Tregs is an effective treatment _for_ _ITP_ still requires further studies.
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Effects of exhaustive exercise on biochemical characteristics of sarcoplasmic reticulum from rat soleus muscle.
This study examined the effects of acute high-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise on Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and the Ca2+ and ATP dependence of Ca2+-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the soleus muscle. The rats were run on 10% grade at 50 m min(-1) or 25 m min(-1) until fatigued (avg. time to exhaustion 2.8 and 87.7 min, respectively). The catalytic activities of SR Ca2+-ATPase were significantly depressed immediately after both types of exercise. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that the Ca2+ affinity of Ca2+-ATPase was elevated by both types of exercise adopted in the present investigation whereas the increase in the ATP affinity was brought about by only high-intensity exercise. These results suggest that exhaustive exercise may induce in slow-twitch muscle fibre the environmental changes, which adversely affect SR Ca2+-ATPase activity and can overcome the positive influence arising from the increase in the Ca2+ and/or ATP affinities of SR Ca2+-ATPase.
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effects of exhaustive exercise on metabolic characteristics of sarcoplasmic reticulum from rat soleus muscle. this study examined the effects of acute high - intensity and moderate - frequency exercise on ca2 + - stimulated adenosine triphosphatase ( atpase ) activity and the ca2 + and atp dependence of ca2 + - atpase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ( sr ) in the soleus muscle. the rats were run on 10 % grade at 50 m min ( - 1 ) or 25 m min ( - 1 ) until fatigued ( avg. time to cycle 2. 8 and 87. 7 min, respectively ). the catalytic activities of sr ca2 + - atpase were significantly depressed immediately for both types of exercise. kinetic analyses demonstrated that the ca2 + affinity against ca2 + - atpase was elevated by both types of exercise adopted in the present investigation whereas the increase in the atp affinity was brought about by only high - intensity exercise. these results suggest that exhaustive exercise may induce in slow - twitch muscle fibre and environmental changes, which adversely affect sr ca2 + - atpase activity and can disrupt the positive influence generated from further increase in the ca2 + and / or atp affinities on sr ca2 + - atpase.
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Effects of exYauetive exercise on biochemical characteristics of sarcoplasmic reticulum from rat soleus muscle. This study examined the effects of acute high - intensity and moderate - int2nEity exercise on Ca2 + - stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and the Ca2 + and ATP dependence of Ca2 + - ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the sol4 Ts muscle. The rats were run on 10% grAXe at 50 m min (- 1) or 25 m min (- 1) until fatigued (avg. time to exhaustion 2. 8 and 87. 7 min, respectively ). The catalytic activities of SR Ca2 + - ATPase were significantly depressed immediately after both types of exercise. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that the Ca2 + affinity of Ca2 + - ATPase was elevated by both types of exercise adopted in the present investigation whereas the increase in the ATP affinity was brought about by only high - in6snsity @sercise. These results suggest that exhaustive exercise may induce in slow - twitch muscle fibre the environmental changes, DhiXh adversely affect SR Ca2 + - ATPase activity and can overcome the positive influence arising TrPm the Kncr#ase in the Ca2 + and / or ATP affinkries of SR Ca2 + - ATPase.
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Effects of exhaustive exercise on biochemical characteristics of reticulum from rat soleus muscle. This examined the of acute high-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise on Ca2+-stimulated activity and the and ATP dependence of Ca2+-ATPase of the reticulum (SR) in the soleus muscle. The rats were run on 10% grade at 50 m min(-1) or 25 m min(-1) until fatigued (avg. time to 2.8 and 87.7 min, respectively). The catalytic of SR Ca2+-ATPase significantly depressed immediately after both types of exercise. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that the Ca2+ affinity Ca2+-ATPase was elevated by types of exercise adopted in the present investigation whereas the increase in the ATP affinity brought about by only high-intensity exercise. These results suggest that exhaustive exercise may induce in slow-twitch muscle fibre the environmental changes, which adversely affect SR Ca2+-ATPase activity and can overcome the positive arising from the increase in the Ca2+ and/or affinities of SR Ca2+-ATPase.
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EfFects oF eXhAuStIvE exeRCisE oN BIocHEmiCal chaRACteRiStIcS Of sarCOPLAsMIC RETICUlUm frOM rAt SoLeUs MuSCLe.
ThiS StudY examIneD THe EFFEcts oF ACUte HiGH-INtENSitY aND mOdERaTe-iNTensiTy exerCIse oN ca2+-STimULAtEd ADENosINe trIpHOSpHATasE (aTPASe) ACTivItY And tHe ca2+ And ATP DependeNcE OF Ca2+-AtpAse Of THE SaRcopLASmiC reticuLUm (SR) in the solEUS musclE. the raTs WERE RUN On 10% gRAdE at 50 M mIN(-1) Or 25 m MiN(-1) UnTIL fATIGUED (avg. tIME To exHAUStion 2.8 AND 87.7 mIn, ReSPEctIvelY). THe cATaLYtIC ActIVitIes Of Sr Ca2+-aTpASE WerE SIGNifIcantlY DEpResseD ImMEDIAtEly AfTeR botH tyPes oF exERcIsE. kinetIC aNalYSeS DemOnsTraTed ThaT The CA2+ aFFiNiTy OF CA2+-atPAsE wAS ELevatEd By BotH TypES oF ExErCISe aDOptED In tHE PrEsEnT inveSTIgAtiOn wheREAs THE inCreASe iN THe AtP afFIniTY wAS BrOught abOUT BY only HIGh-inTensity exErcIse. theSE REsUlTS suGGEsT ThAt exHaUStIVe exERCIse May INdUCE In sLoW-twITCH musCLe fibRE THE enViroNMENTAL chAnges, WHIch aDVeRsELY Affect sr ca2+-atpASE activIty aND caN OvErCOmE tHe PosITiVE InFLuENcE aRISinG FroM thE INcreASE IN THe CA2+ And/Or atp affiNiTIES oF SR CA2+-ATPAse.
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Effects of exhaustiveexercise on biochemical characteristics of sarcoplasmic reticulum from rat soleus muscle. Thisstudy examined the effects of acute high-intensity and moderate-intensityexercise on Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and the Ca2+ and ATP dependence of Ca2+-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) in the soleus muscle. The ratswere run on 10% grade at50 mmin(-1) or 25 m min(-1) until fatigued (avg. time to exhaustion 2.8 and 87.7 min, respectively).Thecatalytic activities of SR Ca2+-ATPase were significantly depressed immediately after both typesofexercise. Kinetic analyses demonstrated thatthe Ca2+ affinity ofCa2+-ATPase was elevated byboth types of exercise adopted in the present investigationwhereas the increase in the ATP affinity was brought aboutby only high-intensity exercise. These results suggest that exhaustive exercise may induce in slow-twitch muscle fibre the environmental changes, which adversely affect SR Ca2+-ATPase activity and can overcome the positive influence arisingfrom the increase in the Ca2+ and/orATP affinities of SR Ca2+-ATPase.
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Effects of exhaustive exercise _on_ biochemical characteristics of _sarcoplasmic_ _reticulum_ from rat soleus _muscle._ This study examined the effects _of_ acute high-intensity _and_ moderate-intensity _exercise_ _on_ Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and the Ca2+ and ATP dependence of _Ca2+-ATPase_ of the _sarcoplasmic_ reticulum (SR) in the soleus muscle. The rats were run _on_ 10% grade _at_ 50 m _min(-1)_ _or_ 25 m min(-1) until fatigued (avg. time _to_ exhaustion 2.8 and 87.7 min, _respectively)._ The catalytic activities _of_ SR _Ca2+-ATPase_ were significantly depressed immediately _after_ both types of exercise. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that the Ca2+ affinity of _Ca2+-ATPase_ was elevated by both _types_ of _exercise_ adopted in the present investigation whereas the increase in the _ATP_ affinity was brought about by _only_ high-intensity _exercise._ These results suggest that _exhaustive_ exercise may induce _in_ slow-twitch muscle fibre the environmental changes, which adversely affect _SR_ Ca2+-ATPase activity and can _overcome_ the positive _influence_ arising from _the_ increase _in_ the Ca2+ and/or _ATP_ affinities _of_ SR Ca2+-ATPase.
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Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in adult periodontitis. I. Topographic distribution before and after treatment.
The aim of this investigation was to study the topographic distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in patients with adult periodontitis before and after mechanical periodontal treatment (repeated oral hygiene instructions, systematic deep scaling, and root planing). In 10 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive patients, subgingival microbial samples were obtained from the mesial and distal aspect of every tooth (38 to 56 sites per patient, 479 sites in total) before and one month after treatment. The samples were cultured on TSBV agar. A. actinomycetemcomitans was identified based on phenotypical and serological criteria. A. actinomycetemcomitans was present in 40% of the samples taken before and in 23% of the samples taken after treatment. Before treatment, the frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive samples per patient was wide spread and ranged from 7 to 90%. After treatment, two patterns of A. actinomycetemcomitans distribution could be recognized: the majority of the patients showed only a limited percentage of positive samples and yielded less than 10(5) A. actinomycetemcomitans. In three subjects, however, relatively high numbers of positive sites were still present, and many of these positive sites showed high A. actinomycetemcomitans counts. Logistic multiple regression showed the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans before treatment depended strongly on the individual and was significantly associated with probing depth (P < 0.001) and bleeding upon sampling (P = 0.07). The highest chance of detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans existed in deep pockets which bled upon sampling. After treatment, there was a strong individual influence and an influence of probing depth (P < 0.001). The highest chance of detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans existed in residual pockets in the range of 5 mm.
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actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in adult periodontitis. i. topographic distribution before and after treatment. the aim of this investigation was to study the topographic distribution of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in patients with adult periodontitis before and after mechanical periodontal treatment ( repeated oral hygiene instructions, systematic deep scaling, and root planing ). in 10 a. actinomycetemcomitans - positive patients, subgingival microbial samples were obtained from the mesial and distal aspect for every tooth ( 38 to 50 sites per patient, 479 sites in total ) before and one month after treatment. the samples were cultured on tsbv agar. a. actinomycetemcomitans was identified based on phenotypical and serological criteria. a. actinomycetemcomitans was present in 40 % of the samples taken before and in 23 % of the samples taken after treatment. before treatment, the frequency of a. actinomycetemcomitans - positive samples per patient was wide spread and ranged from 7 ≈ 90 %. after treatment, two patterns of a. actinomycetemcomitans distribution could be recognized : the majority of the patients showed only a limited percentage between positive samples and yielded less than 10 ( 5 ) a. actinomycetemcomitans. in three subjects, however, relatively high numbers of positive sites were still present, and many of these positive sites showed high a. actinomycetemcomitans counts. logistic multiple regression demonstrated the presence of a. actinomycetemcomitans before treatment depended strongly on the individual and was significantly associated with probing depth ( p < 0. 001 ) and bleeding upon sampling ( p = 0. 07 ). the highest chance of detecting a. deficiency exist in deep pockets which depend upon sampling. after treatment, regression was a strong individual influence and an influence of probing depth ( p < 0. 001 ). the highest chance of detecting a. actinomycetemcomitans existed in residual pockets in the range of 650 mm.
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Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in adult periodontitis. I. Topographic distribution before and after treatment. The aim of this investigation was to study the topographic distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in patients with adult periodontitis before and after mechanical periodontal treatment (repeated oral hygiene instr&cYions, systematic deep scaling, and Goor planing ). In 10 A. actinomycetemcomitans - positive patients, subgingival microbial samples were obtained from the mesial and distal axOect of every tooth (38 to 56 sites per patient, 479 sites in total) before and one month after treatment. The samples were cultured on TSBV agar. A. actinomycetemcomitans was identified based on phenotypical and serological criteria. A. actinomycetemcomitans was present in 40% of the samples taken before and in 23% of the samples tqMen after treatment. Before treatment, the frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans - positive samples per 9atiemt was wide spread and ranged from 7 to 90% . After tr3atmejt, two patterns of A. actinomyceteKcomitanx distribution could be recognized: the majority of the patients showed lnl& a limited percentage of positive samples and yielded less than 10 (5) A. actinomycetemcomitans. In three subjects, however, relatively high numbers of positive sites were still present, and many of these positive sites showed high A. actinomycetemcomitans counts. Logistic multiple regression showed the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans before treatment depended strongly on the individual and was significantly associated with probing Xep5h (P <0. 001) and bleeding upon sampling (P = 0. 07 ). The highest chance of detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans existed in deep pockets which bled upon sampling. After treatment, Gh$re was a strong individual influence and an influence of probing depth (P <0. 001 ). The highest chance of detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans existed in residual pockets in the range of 5 mm.
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Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis. I. Topographic distribution before and treatment. The aim of this investigation to topographic of actinomycetemcomitans in patients with adult periodontitis before and after mechanical periodontal treatment (repeated oral hygiene instructions, systematic deep scaling, and planing). In 10 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive patients, subgingival microbial samples were from the mesial and distal aspect of every tooth (38 to 56 per patient, 479 sites in total) before and one after treatment. The samples were cultured on TSBV agar. A. actinomycetemcomitans was identified based phenotypical and criteria. A. actinomycetemcomitans was present in 40% of the samples taken before and in 23% of the samples taken after treatment. Before treatment, frequency of A. samples per patient was wide and ranged from 7 to 90%. After treatment, two patterns of A. actinomycetemcomitans be recognized: the majority of the patients showed only a limited percentage of positive samples and less than 10(5) A. actinomycetemcomitans. In three subjects, however, relatively high numbers of positive sites were still present, and many of these positive sites showed high A. actinomycetemcomitans counts. Logistic multiple showed the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans before treatment depended strongly on individual and was associated with probing depth (P < 0.001) and bleeding sampling (P = The highest chance of detecting A. existed in deep pockets which bled upon sampling. After treatment, there was a strong individual influence and an influence of probing depth (P < 0.001). The highest chance of detecting existed in residual pockets in the range of 5 mm.
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aCtInoBACILLus ACTiNOMyceTEmcOmITaNs iN adULt PeRIodontiTIs. I. TOpOgRApHic DisTRiBUtIOn BefORe anD afTer TReAtmEnt.
thE aIm oF ThiS inVeStiGAtIOn WAS TO sTUDY thE TOpograPhiC dISTrIbUtIOn OF AcTinobAcILlUs AcTInOMYCeTEmcOMITaNS iN patIENTs with aDULt PERiOdOnTitIs bEFOrE And AFTer mEcHanicAL perIodONtAl trEaTMEnT (RePeaTED OrAL hYgiENe InstrucTIOnS, SYSTEMaTIc dEep sCalinG, AnD Root PlANing). In 10 A. actiNOMycetEMCOMITANs-pOSitIVE patienTs, sUbgiNgivAl MiCROBIal SAMPlEs weRe ObTAINED FRoM The mEsiAl anD DIStAL AspecT Of eveRy TOOth (38 TO 56 SiTEs PeR PaTiENT, 479 SiTES iN TOtaL) BeforE and ONe moNTH aFTER tREaTMenT. the SAmPleS wErE cUlturEd on tSbV aGAR. a. aCTinOmyCETEmCOmiTaNs wAs idEntIFIed based On pHeNOtypICal aNd SerOLogiCal cRIteriA. A. ActINoMYcETemcOMiTanS WAS PRESenT in 40% Of The SAMPLEs taKen BefORe ANd IN 23% of tHe sAmplEs tAKEn afTER Treatment. befOre TREAtMENT, tHE frEQuenCy OF A. ACtInOMYcEtEmcOMItans-pOSiTIvE SaMPlES pEr PATieNT waS WIDE sPrEaD AND ranGED FroM 7 tO 90%. aFter treatmeNt, tWO pATteRns OF A. actiNoMYCETeMComiTANS dIStRIbuTion couLd be rEcoGNIzeD: The maJOrIty OF tHE patieNTS sHOWEd onlY a LIMItEd peRcENtaGE of posiTiVe saMplEs and YiELdEd LEsS than 10(5) A. ActInOmYcETemCoMITAnS. in THRee SUbjECTs, HoWEVER, ReLatiVelY hiGh nUMBeRS Of PoSitiVe SiTES WERe STIlL prESENT, aND MaNy of thESE POSitIVE SiTeS shOweD hIGh a. acTinoMyCetEMCoMiTaNs CoUNTs. logiSTIc muLtiplE RegReSSION sHOWeD the PreSENcE Of a. aCTinoMYcETEmComitANs BEFORe TReATmeNt dEpeNDed STROngly On THe individual aND WaS SiGnIFICaNtLY aSSocIAtEd WiTh prObINg DePtH (p < 0.001) anD BLeEding upoN SAMpLing (p = 0.07). The hIghEST CHANcE OF DeTeCtInG A. ActiNOMYcEtEMCOmITaNs eXiSteD iN DEEP PocKETS WHiCh bLeD upon saMPlInG. AfTer trEAtmeNT, there WAS a StRonG inDividuAL InFluENCe anD an INflUENce Of prOBING DePtH (P < 0.001). tHE hiGhESt cHanCe oF detECTinG a. actiNomycETEMCOmItANs exISted iN reSIdUAl PocKetS In the rAnge OF 5 mm.
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Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in adult periodontitis. I. Topographic distribution beforeand after treatment. The aim of this investigation was to study thetopographic distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in patients with adult periodontitis before and after mechanical periodontal treatment(repeatedoral hygieneinstructions, systematic deep scaling, androot planing). In10A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive patients, subgingival microbial sampleswere obtained from the mesial and distal aspect of every tooth (38to56 sites perpatient, 479sites in total) before and one month after treatment. Thesamples werecultured on TSBV agar. A. actinomycetemcomitans was identified based on phenotypical and serological criteria. A.actinomycetemcomitanswas present in 40% of the samples taken before and in 23% ofthe samplestaken after treatment. Before treatment, the frequency ofA. actinomycetemcomitans-positive samples per patient was wide spread and ranged from 7 to 90%. After treatment,two patterns of A. actinomycetemcomitansdistribution could be recognized: the majority of the patients showed only alimited percentage of positive samples and yielded less than 10(5) A. actinomycetemcomitans. In three subjects, however,relatively high numbers of positive sites werestill present, and manyof these positive sites showed high A. actinomycetemcomitans counts. Logistic multiple regression showed thepresence of A. actinomycetemcomitans before treatmentdepended strongly on the individual and was significantlyassociated with probing depth (P <0.001) and bleeding upon sampling (P= 0.07). The highest chance of detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans existed in deep pockets which bled upon sampling. Aftertreatment, there wasa strong individualinfluenceand an influence of probing depth (P < 0.001). The highest chance of detecting A. actinomycetemcomitansexisted in residual pocketsin the range of 5 mm.
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_Actinobacillus_ actinomycetemcomitans in adult periodontitis. I. Topographic distribution _before_ _and_ after treatment. _The_ aim _of_ _this_ investigation was to study the topographic distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in patients with _adult_ periodontitis before and after mechanical periodontal treatment (repeated oral hygiene instructions, systematic deep scaling, and root planing). _In_ 10 _A._ _actinomycetemcomitans-positive_ patients, subgingival microbial _samples_ were obtained from _the_ mesial _and_ _distal_ aspect of _every_ _tooth_ _(38_ to 56 sites per patient, _479_ sites in total) before _and_ one month after treatment. _The_ samples were cultured _on_ TSBV agar. _A._ actinomycetemcomitans was _identified_ based on phenotypical and _serological_ criteria. A. actinomycetemcomitans was present in 40% of the _samples_ taken before and in 23% of the samples taken after _treatment._ Before _treatment,_ the frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive _samples_ per _patient_ _was_ wide spread and ranged from 7 to 90%. After _treatment,_ two patterns of A. actinomycetemcomitans distribution could be recognized: the majority of _the_ patients showed only a limited percentage of positive samples and yielded less _than_ 10(5) A. actinomycetemcomitans. In three subjects, however, relatively _high_ numbers of positive sites were still present, and many _of_ these positive sites showed high A. actinomycetemcomitans counts. Logistic multiple regression showed _the_ presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans before treatment depended _strongly_ _on_ _the_ individual and was significantly associated with _probing_ depth (P < 0.001) and bleeding upon sampling (P = 0.07). The highest _chance_ of detecting _A._ actinomycetemcomitans _existed_ in deep pockets _which_ bled upon sampling. After treatment, _there_ _was_ a strong individual influence and an _influence_ of _probing_ depth (P _<_ 0.001). The highest _chance_ _of_ detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans existed in residual _pockets_ _in_ _the_ range of _5_ mm.
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Effects of fetal respiratory movements on the short-term fractal properties of heart rate variability.
We evaluated the effect of fetal respiratory movements (RM) on the heart rate (HR) fractal dynamics.Abdominal ECG recordings were collected from low-middle-risk pregnant woman at rest. Mean gestational age was 34.8 ± 3.7 weeks. Ultrasound images were simultaneously acquired determining if RM were exhibited by fetuses. 13 pairs of HR series were compared. Each pair included 5 min of data from the same fetus either during the manifestation of RM or when there was no persistent indication of them. Detrended fluctuation analysis was applied to these series for obtaining the scaling exponent α1. HR series were also assessed using the conventional parameters RMSSD and HF power.The main findings of this contribution were the lack of significant changes in the scaling exponent α1 of fetal HR fluctuations as a result of RM. By contrast, HF power and RMSSD did show significant changes associated with the manifestation of fetal RM (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Yet the scaling exponent was the only parameter showing a significant relationship with the particular frequency of fetal RM (r s = 0.6, p < 0.03). Given the invariability of α1 regarding the manifestation of fetal RM, we consider that the HR short-term fractal properties are convenient for assessing the cardiovascular prenatal regulation.
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effects of fetal respiratory movements on the short - term fractal properties of heart rate variability. we evaluated the effect of fetal respiratory movements ( rm ) on the heart rate ( hr ) fractal response. abdominal ecg recordings were collected from low - middle - risk pregnant woman at rest. mean gestational age was 34. 8 ± 3. 7 weeks. ultrasound images were simultaneously simultaneously determining if rm were exhibited by fetuses. two pairs of hr series were compared. each pair included 5 min of data from the same fetus either during the manifestation of rm or when there was no persistent indication of them. detrended data analysis was applied to these series for obtaining the scaling exponent α1. hr series were also assessed using the conventional parameters rmssd and hf power. the main findings identifying this contribution were the lack of significant changes in amplitude scaling exponent α1 of fetal hr fluctuations as a result of rm. by contrast, hs power and rmssd did show significant changes compared with the manifestation of fetal rm ( p < 0. 001 and p < 0. 05, respectively ). yet the scaling exponent contained the only parameter showing a significant relationship with the particular frequency of fetal rm ( r s = 06. 6, p < 0. 03 ). given the invariability of α1 regarding the manifestation of fetal rm, we consider that the hr short - term fractal properties are convenient for assessing the cardiovascular prenatal regulation.
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Effects of fetal respiratory movements on the short - term fractal properties of heart rate variability. We evaluated the effect of fetal respiratory movements (RM) on the nexrt rate (HR) fractal dynamics. AbdoNinzl ECG recordings were collected from low - middle - risk pregnant woman at 4eZt. Mean gestat7oGal age was 34. 8 ± 3. 7 2eekX. Ultrasound images were simultaneously acquired determining if RM were exhibited by fetuses. 13 pairs of HR series were compared. Each pair included 5 min of data from the same fetus either during the manifestation of RM or when there was no persistent indication of tu3m. Detrended fluctuation analysis was applied to these series for obtaining the scaling exponent α1. HR series were also assessed using the conventional parameters RMSSD and HF power. The main findings of this contribution were the lack of significant changes in the scaling #xponenh α1 of fetal HR fluctuations as a result of RM. By contrast, HF power and RhESD did show significant changes associated with the manifestation of fetal RM (p <0. 001 and p <0. 05, respectively ). Yet the scaling exponent was the only parameter showing a significant relationship wutn the partifula% frequency of fetal RM (r s = 0. 6, p <0. 03 ). Given the invariability of α1 regarding the manifestation of fetal RM, we consider that the HR short - term fractal properties are convenient for assessing the cardiovascular prenatal regulation.
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Effects of fetal respiratory on the short-term fractal properties of heart rate variability. We evaluated the effect of fetal respiratory movements (RM) on the heart (HR) fractal dynamics.Abdominal ECG recordings were collected from low-middle-risk pregnant woman at rest. Mean gestational age 34.8 ± 3.7 weeks. Ultrasound images simultaneously acquired determining if were exhibited by fetuses. 13 of HR series were compared. Each pair included 5 min of data the same during the manifestation of RM or when there was no persistent indication them. Detrended fluctuation analysis was applied to these series for obtaining scaling HR series were also using the conventional parameters RMSSD and HF power.The main findings of this contribution were the lack of significant changes in the scaling exponent α1 of fetal HR fluctuations as a result of RM. By contrast, HF power and RMSSD did show significant changes associated with manifestation of fetal RM (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Yet the scaling exponent was only parameter a significant relationship with the frequency of fetal RM (r s 0.6, p < 0.03). Given the invariability of α1 regarding the manifestation RM, we consider that the HR short-term properties are convenient for assessing the cardiovascular prenatal regulation.
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EffEcTs of FEtal respIRaTORy MOvEMEnts on ThE ShORT-teRM FrACTaL proPeRtIeS of heARt RAtE vARIABilITY.
We evalUAtEd the EFfeCT Of fetal RESpIRaTORY mOVEMENts (Rm) ON The hEArt rate (HR) FRactal dyNaMIcs.abDOMINal eCG reCoRdINgs WEre COLlEctED FROM LOw-MIDDle-RISK PREgnAnT WOMan At resT. Mean gEStaTioNAL age was 34.8 ± 3.7 wEEKS. ulTrasouND IMaGes wEre SiMULTANeOuSlY acQUIReD dETErminIng IF RM WeRe EXhiBItED by fETusEs. 13 PAirS oF HR SeRiEs WERE comPAREd. Each PaIR iNCLuDed 5 miN Of data FrOM the Same FeTuS EITheR dUrinG ThE ManifEsTaTION of rm OR WHEN there WAS NO PeRsiStent inDIcAtion Of them. deTREnDed fLUcTuAtiOn AnalYsis Was aPpLIEd to theSE seRiES foR OBTainINg thE sCALIng ExPoNeNT Α1. Hr sERiES Were aLSo assesSED UsinG THE convEnTIoNaL pARaMeterS rmsSD and Hf pOwer.THe MAIN FIndiNgS oF tHiS coNtRibUTIon weRE tHE lAck Of SiGNifIcanT ChANgES IN tHE scAlING expOnEnt α1 oF fEtAl HR FlucTUaTiOns AS a rESult of RM. By cOntRASt, Hf poWEr AnD rmSsd DID shOW SigniFicant CHangEs assoCiaTED wIth THE maNIfEStatIOn OF fetAl rm (p < 0.001 AnD P < 0.05, ReSPectivelY). Yet the SCalINg eXPoNeNT wAS ThE oNly parAmetEr showing a SIGniFICant relatIoNship With tHe PArTiCUlaR FReQuencY of fetal RM (r S = 0.6, P < 0.03). giVEN the InVARIabiliTY OF α1 RegARDInG tHE ManIfEsTaTIoN Of fetAL Rm, WE CoNsIdEr THat ThE hR Short-Term FRACTal PrOPErtiES ArE ConveNIent for ASseSSiNg ThE CARDIOVAScuLar preNAtAL REguLaTioN.
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Effects of fetal respiratorymovements on the short-term fractalproperties of heartratevariability. Weevaluated the effect of fetal respiratory movements (RM) onthe heart rate (HR) fractal dynamics.Abdominal ECG recordings were collected from low-middle-riskpregnant woman at rest. Meangestational age was 34.8 ± 3.7 weeks.Ultrasound images were simultaneously acquireddetermining if RM were exhibited by fetuses. 13 pairs of HR series were compared. Eachpair included 5 minof data from the same fetus either during the manifestation ofRM or when there wasno persistent indicationof them. Detrended fluctuationanalysis was applied to these series for obtaining the scaling exponent α1.HR series were also assessed using the conventional parameters RMSSD and HF power.Themain findings ofthis contribution were the lack of significantchanges in the scaling exponentα1 of fetal HR fluctuations as a result of RM. By contrast,HF power and RMSSD did show significant changes associatedwith the manifestation offetal RM (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Yetthe scaling exponent was the only parameter showing a significant relationship with the particular frequency offetal RM (r s = 0.6, p< 0.03). Giventhe invariability of α1 regarding the manifestation of fetal RM, we consider that the HR short-term fractal properties are convenient for assessing the cardiovascular prenatalregulation.
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Effects of _fetal_ respiratory _movements_ on the _short-term_ fractal properties of heart _rate_ variability. We _evaluated_ the effect _of_ fetal _respiratory_ _movements_ _(RM)_ on the heart _rate_ _(HR)_ _fractal_ dynamics.Abdominal _ECG_ recordings _were_ collected _from_ low-middle-risk _pregnant_ _woman_ at rest. Mean _gestational_ age was 34.8 ± 3.7 weeks. Ultrasound images were simultaneously acquired determining if RM were exhibited by fetuses. 13 pairs of HR series were compared. _Each_ pair included 5 min of data from _the_ same _fetus_ _either_ _during_ the manifestation of RM or when there was no persistent _indication_ of them. _Detrended_ _fluctuation_ analysis was applied to these series for obtaining _the_ scaling _exponent_ _α1._ _HR_ series were also assessed using the conventional _parameters_ RMSSD and _HF_ power.The main findings of this contribution _were_ the lack of significant changes in the scaling _exponent_ _α1_ of fetal HR fluctuations _as_ a result of RM. By contrast, _HF_ _power_ and RMSSD did show significant _changes_ associated with the manifestation _of_ fetal RM (p _<_ 0.001 and _p_ < 0.05, respectively). Yet the scaling exponent _was_ _the_ only parameter showing a significant relationship with the _particular_ frequency _of_ fetal _RM_ (r s _=_ 0.6, p < 0.03). _Given_ the invariability _of_ α1 _regarding_ the manifestation of fetal RM, _we_ consider _that_ the HR _short-term_ _fractal_ properties _are_ convenient for assessing the _cardiovascular_ prenatal regulation.
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Characterization of clinical strains of Aspergillus terreus complex: molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility to azoles and amphotericin B.
We used molecular techniques to analyse 87 (n = 70 patients) Aspergillus terreus complex isolates, all of which were identified as A. terreus sensu stricto. The antifungal susceptibilities determined with CLSI M38-A2 (and Etest for amphotericin B) and expressed as mg/L for range of MIC/MIC(90) /geometric mean were as follows: itraconazole, 0.25-2/2/1.097; voriconazole, 0.125-2/2/1.176; posaconazole, 0.25-1/1/0.836; amphotericin B CLSI, 4-32/16/9.689; and Etest, 0.75-64/6/3.106. The MICs for amphotericin B were significantly higher than those found for the triazoles.
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identification of clinical strains of aspergillus iv complex : molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility within azoles and amphotericin b. we used molecular techniques to analyse 87 ( n = 70 nm ) aspergillus terreus strain isolates, all of which were identified as a. terreus ter stricto. the antifungal susceptibilities determined with clsi m38 - a2 ( and etest for amphotericin b ) and expressed as mg / l for range of mic / mic ( 90 ) / geometric mean were as follows : itraconazole, 0. 25 - 2 / 2 / 1. 097 ; voriconazole, 0. 125 - 2 / 2 / 1. 176 ; posaconazole, 0. 25 - 1 / 1 / 0. 836 ; mg b clsi, 4 - 32 / 16 / 24. 689 ; and etest, 0. 75 - 7 / 6 / 3. 106. the mics for amphotericin g were significantly higher than those found for the triazoles.
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Characterization of clinical Xgrains of Asp#rgiolus terreus complex: molecukQr identification and antifungal susceptibility to azoles and amphotericin B. We used molecular techB9ques to analyse 87 (n = 70 patients) Aspergillus terreus complex isolates, all of which were identified as A. 6errFus sensu stricto. The antifungal susceptibilities determined with CkSU M38 - A2 (and Etest for amphotericin B) and ex)resqed as mg / L for range of MIC / MIC (90) / geometric mean were as follows: itraconazole, 0. 25 - 2 / 2 / 1. 097; voriconazole, 0. 125 - 2 / 2 / 1. 176; posaconazole, 0. 25 - 1 / 1 / 0. 836; amphotericin B CkS8, 4 - 32 / 16 / 9. 689; and Etest, 0. 75 - 64 / 6 / 3. 106. The MICs for XmphLtericin B were significantly higher tJab those found for the triazoles.
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of strains of Aspergillus terreus complex: molecular identification and antifungal to azoles and amphotericin B. We used molecular techniques to analyse 87 (n = 70 patients) Aspergillus terreus isolates, all which were identified as A. terreus sensu stricto. The determined with CLSI M38-A2 (and Etest for amphotericin B) and expressed as mg/L for range of MIC/MIC(90) /geometric mean were as follows: itraconazole, 0.25-2/2/1.097; voriconazole, 0.125-2/2/1.176; posaconazole, 0.25-1/1/0.836; amphotericin B CLSI, 4-32/16/9.689; and Etest, 0.75-64/6/3.106. The MICs for amphotericin B were significantly higher than for the triazoles.
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CHAracteRIzaTion Of ClInIcal STRAIns of aSPERGiLlUs terreUS COmplEX: moLECulAR IdEntIFICaTIoN And AntIfungAl suScePTibILITy TO AZOLeS AnD ampHotEricIN b.
wE USed MoleCUlaR TECHNiQues TO aNalySe 87 (N = 70 PaTiENts) aspERgILlus tERreus ComPLex ISOLAtES, all oF WhIch weRE iDeNtIfiEd As A. tERrEUs SEnsU StricTO. THE anTIfUngal suSCEPTiBIliTiES DETErmInEd With CLSI M38-a2 (AND eTEST for aMpHoTERiCIn b) And expREsSED as mG/L for raNGe of MIc/MIc(90) /gEoMeTRic meAn weRe aS follOws: ITrAcOnAZOLE, 0.25-2/2/1.097; VoRIcOnAzoLe, 0.125-2/2/1.176; PosAConazolE, 0.25-1/1/0.836; AmPhoteRIciN B clSI, 4-32/16/9.689; And eTEST, 0.75-64/6/3.106. The MicS fOR AMphOTErIcIn b weRE SignificantlY HiGHER THan Those FoUnD FoR tHE tRiAzoLeS.
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Characterizationof clinicalstrains of Aspergillusterreus complex: molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility toazoles and amphotericin B. We used molecular techniques to analyse 87 (n = 70 patients) Aspergillus terreuscomplex isolates, all of which were identified as A. terreus sensu stricto.The antifungal susceptibilities determined with CLSI M38-A2 (and Etest for amphotericinB) and expressed as mg/Lfor range of MIC/MIC(90) /geometric mean were as follows: itraconazole, 0.25-2/2/1.097; voriconazole, 0.125-2/2/1.176;posaconazole, 0.25-1/1/0.836; amphotericin B CLSI, 4-32/16/9.689;and Etest, 0.75-64/6/3.106.The MICs for amphotericin B weresignificantly higher than those found for the triazoles.
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_Characterization_ _of_ clinical _strains_ of _Aspergillus_ terreus complex: molecular identification and antifungal _susceptibility_ _to_ azoles and amphotericin _B._ We used _molecular_ techniques to analyse 87 (n = 70 _patients)_ Aspergillus terreus complex isolates, all _of_ which were identified as A. terreus _sensu_ stricto. _The_ antifungal susceptibilities determined with CLSI M38-A2 (and _Etest_ for amphotericin B) _and_ expressed as _mg/L_ for _range_ _of_ MIC/MIC(90) /geometric mean were as _follows:_ itraconazole, _0.25-2/2/1.097;_ voriconazole, 0.125-2/2/1.176; posaconazole, 0.25-1/1/0.836; amphotericin B CLSI, 4-32/16/9.689; _and_ Etest, 0.75-64/6/3.106. The MICs for amphotericin _B_ were _significantly_ higher than _those_ found _for_ the _triazoles._
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Magnetic resonance imaging of uterine version in a multiethnic, nulliparous, healthy female population.
To determine measurement and topography of uterine position in asymptomatic women with different ethnicity. The angle and direction of uterine version were measured using magnetic resonance imaging in nulliparous, young volunteers from 5 ethnic groups (Emiratis, other Arabs, Indians/Pakistanis, Filipinos and Europeans/ Caucasians; N=55) and compared using Europeans/Caucasians as the reference group. The uterus was anteverted on the vagina in 46 (83.6%) and retroverted in 9 (16.4%) women, with no significant difference between Europeans/Caucasians and non-Caucasians. The angle of uterine version was significantly less (i.e., the cervix was more anteverted or retroverted on the vagina) in Europeans/Caucasians as compared to other women (p=0.002), particularly Indians/Pakistanis (p < 0.00001). The degree of uterine version is different in healthy, nulliparous European/Caucasian and non-Caucasian women.
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magnetic resonance imaging of uterine version in a multiethnic, nulliparous, elderly female population. to determine anatomy and topography indicate uterine position in asymptomatic women with chinese ethnicity. the angle and direction of uterine version were measured using magnetic resonance imaging in nulliparous, young volunteers from 5 ethnic groups ( emiratis, other arabs, indians / pakistanis, filipinos and europeans / caucasians ; n = 55 ) and compared using europeans / caucasians as their reference group. the uterus was anteverted on the vagina in 46 ( 83. 6 % ) and retroverted in 9 ( 16. 4 % ) persons, with no significant difference between europeans / caucasians and non - caucasians. the angle of uterine version was dramatically less ( i. e., the cervix was more anteverted or retroverted on the vagina ) in europeans / caucasians as compared at other women ( p = 0. 002 ), particularly indians / pakistanis ( p < 0. 00001 ). the degree of uterine version is different in healthy, nulliparous indians / caucasian and post - caucasian women.
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Magnetic resonance imaging of uterine version in a multiethnic, nulliparous, healthy female population. To determ*nS measurement and topography of uterine position in asymptomatic QKmen with different ethBic(ty. The angle and direction of uterim$ version were measured usiGR magnetic resonance imaging in nulliparous, young volunteers from 5 ethnic groups (Emiratis, otYed ArwbE, Indians / Pakistanis, Filipinos and Europeans / Caucasians; N = 55) and compared using Europeans / Caucasians as the reference group. The uterus was anteverted on the vagina in 46 (83. 6%) and retroverted in 9 (16. 4%) women, with no significant difference Hetweej Europeans / Caucasians and non - Caucasians. The angle of uterine version was significantly less (i. e. , the cervix was more anteverted or retroverted on the vagina) in Europeans / Caucasians as compared to ohUer women (p = 0. 002 ), partoVularly Indians / Pakistanis (p <0. 00001 ). The degree of uterine version is different in healthy, nulliparous European / Caucasian and non - Caucasian women.
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Magnetic resonance imaging of version in a nulliparous, healthy female population. To determine measurement topography of uterine position in asymptomatic women with different ethnicity. The angle and direction of uterine version were measured using magnetic resonance imaging nulliparous, volunteers 5 ethnic groups (Emiratis, other Arabs, Indians/Pakistanis, Filipinos and Europeans/ Caucasians; N=55) and compared using Europeans/Caucasians as reference group. The uterus was on the in 46 (83.6%) retroverted in 9 (16.4%) women, with no significant difference between and non-Caucasians. The angle of uterine version was significantly less (i.e., the cervix was more anteverted or retroverted on the vagina) in Europeans/Caucasians as compared to women (p=0.002), particularly Indians/Pakistanis (p < 0.00001). The degree of uterine is different in healthy, nulliparous European/Caucasian and non-Caucasian women.
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MAgNETIC REsONANCE imaGiNG of UtEriNe veRsIoN In a mulTIeTHnic, NULliPArous, hEaltHy FemalE popULATiOn.
TO detErmIne MEaSurEMEnt aNd tOPoGRApHy OF utERINE pOSITIon in ASYmptoMaTIC Women WiTh dIFfERenT ethnIcity. tHe anGLE anD dIreCTiOn OF UteRIne VERsIon were meAsurED UsINg mAGNETiC reSoNAnCE iMAGIng In NulliPaRoUs, Young vOlunteers fRoM 5 eTHnIC gRoups (EmIRATiS, OTHEr aRaBs, indIANs/PAkISTANIs, filipinOs aNd EurOPeans/ CaUCaSiAns; N=55) AnD coMpared usiNG EuROpeans/CaUcaSiANs AS THE ReFERENcE GRoUp. tHE uTerus WaS AntEVErTed ON The VAGiNA In 46 (83.6%) AnD RetrOVerTED In 9 (16.4%) WoMen, wiTH no sIgnIFiCAnt DIffeREncE BeTwEeN EUrOpEaNS/caUCAsiANS And noN-CaUCaSIAns. thE aNGle of UtERiNE VeRSIOn was SIgNIFICANtlY lESs (i.e., THe ceRviX WaS MoRE aNtevErteD OR RetRovErTED On tHe VAGINA) iN euROpeaNS/CAuCASiANs aS coMPAREd To OtheR WOmeN (P=0.002), parTICUlARlY iNDianS/pAKistanIs (P < 0.00001). tHE DEGree Of UTEriNe veRSiOn is diffEreNT In heALthy, nullIPAroUs European/CaUcASIAn ANd nOn-CaucASiAN WomEn.
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Magnetic resonance imaging of uterine version ina multiethnic, nulliparous, healthyfemale population. Todeterminemeasurement and topography of uterine position in asymptomatic women with different ethnicity. The angle and direction of uterine version were measured usingmagnetic resonance imaging in nulliparous, young volunteers from 5 ethnic groups (Emiratis, other Arabs,Indians/Pakistanis, Filipinos and Europeans/Caucasians; N=55)and compared using Europeans/Caucasiansas the referencegroup. The uterus was antevertedon the vagina in 46 (83.6%) andretroverted in 9(16.4%) women, with no significant difference between Europeans/Caucasians and non-Caucasians. The angle of uterine version was significantly less (i.e., the cervix wasmore anteverted or retroverted on the vagina) in Europeans/Caucasians as compared to other women (p=0.002), particularlyIndians/Pakistanis (p < 0.00001). The degree of uterine version is different inhealthy, nulliparous European/Caucasian and non-Caucasian women.
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_Magnetic_ resonance imaging _of_ uterine version in a _multiethnic,_ nulliparous, healthy female _population._ To determine measurement and topography of uterine position in _asymptomatic_ women with different _ethnicity._ The angle and direction _of_ uterine version _were_ measured using magnetic _resonance_ imaging in nulliparous, young _volunteers_ _from_ 5 ethnic groups (Emiratis, other Arabs, Indians/Pakistanis, _Filipinos_ and _Europeans/_ _Caucasians;_ N=55) and compared using Europeans/Caucasians as the reference group. The uterus _was_ anteverted on the vagina in 46 _(83.6%)_ _and_ retroverted in 9 (16.4%) _women,_ with no significant _difference_ between Europeans/Caucasians and non-Caucasians. The angle of uterine version was _significantly_ _less_ (i.e., _the_ cervix was more _anteverted_ or retroverted on the vagina) in Europeans/Caucasians as compared to other _women_ _(p=0.002),_ _particularly_ Indians/Pakistanis (p < 0.00001). _The_ _degree_ _of_ _uterine_ version is different in _healthy,_ nulliparous European/Caucasian and non-Caucasian women.
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Fractures in proximal spinal muscular atrophy.
Fractures are a common problem for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). A total of 131 patients with proximal SMA with an average age of 13.2 +/- 9.2 years (0.7-65.6) were evaluated retrospectively. In 60 patients 94 different fractures were observed. The group consisted of 11 patients with type Ib, 81 with type II, 33 with type IIIa, 4 with IIIb and 2 with type IV. 38 of 81 SMA II patients and 17 of 33 SMA IIIa patients had suffered fractures at an average age of 8.3 +/- 5.3 years (0.0-25.1) (SMA II) and 9.3 +/- 6.0 years (0.0-22.1) (SMA IIIa). The most frequent fractures were of the femur (50), usually distal, of the lower leg and ankle (15), and upper arm (9). The distribution of fractures was different in SMA II and SMA IIIa. Most of the fractures could be treated conservatively. Only two femoral shaft fractures, one upper arm and a lower arm fracture were treated surgically by osteosynthesis. Competent fracture treatment is an important part of the orthopaedic care of SMA patients.
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fractures in proximal spinal muscular atrophy. fractures are a serious problem for patients with spinal muscular atrophy ( sma ). a total of 131 patients with proximal sma with an average age of 13. 2 + / - 9. 2 years ( 0. 6 - 65. 6 ) were evaluated retrospectively. in 60 patients 33 different fractures were observed. the group consisted of 11 patients with type ib, 81 with type ii, 33 with type iiia, 4 with iiib → 2 with type iv. 38 of 81 sma ii patients and 17 between 33 sma iiia patients had suffered fractures at an average age of 8. 2 + / - 5. 3 years ( 0. 0 - 25. 1 ) ( sma ii ) and 9. 3 + / - 6. 0 years ( 0. 0 - 22. 1 ) ( sma iiia ). the most frequent fractures were of the femur ( 50 ), usually horizontal, of the lower leg and ankle ( 80 ), and upper arm ( 9 ). the distribution of fractures was different in sma ii and sma iiia. most of the fractures could be treated conservatively. these two femoral shaft fractures, one upper arm and a lower arm fracture were treated surgically by osteosynthesis. competent fracture treatment is an important part of the medical care of sma patients.
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Fractures in peoximXl spinal muscular atrophy. Fractures are a common problem for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA ). A total of 131 patients with proximal SMA with an averaf@ age of 13. 2 + / - 9. 2 years (0. 7 - 65. 6) were evaluated retrospectively. In 60 patients 94 d&ff@rent fractures were observed. The group consisted of 11 patients with type Ib, 81 with type II, 33 with type IIIa, 4 with I&Ih and 2 with type IV. 38 of 81 SMA II patients and 17 of 33 SMA IIIa patients had suffered fractures at an average age of 8. 3 + / - 5. 3 years (0. 0 - 25. 1) (SMA II) and 9. 3 + / - 6. 0 years (0. 0 - 22. 1) (SMA IIIa ). The <oAt frequent fractures were of the femur (50 ), usually distal, of the lower leg and ankle (15 ), and u)pe3 arm (9 ). The distribution of fdactuees was different in SMA II and SMA IIIa. Most of the fractures could be treated Donservativ4ly. Only two femoral shaft fractures, one upper arm and a lower arm fracture were treated sKrgiSally by osteosynthesis. Competent fracture treatment is an important part of the orthopaedic faEe of SMA patients.
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in proximal spinal muscular atrophy. Fractures a common problem for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). A total of 131 patients with proximal SMA with an average age of 13.2 +/- 9.2 years (0.7-65.6) were evaluated retrospectively. In 60 patients 94 different fractures were observed. The group consisted of 11 patients type Ib, 81 with II, 33 with type IIIa, 4 with IIIb and with 38 of 81 SMA II patients and 17 33 SMA IIIa patients had suffered fractures at age of +/- 5.3 years (0.0-25.1) (SMA II) and 9.3 +/- 6.0 years (0.0-22.1) IIIa). The most frequent fractures of the femur (50), usually distal, of the lower leg and (15), and upper (9). The distribution of fractures was different in SMA II and SMA IIIa. Most of the fractures could be treated conservatively. Only two femoral shaft fractures, one upper arm and a lower arm fracture treated surgically by osteosynthesis. Competent treatment is important part of the orthopaedic care of SMA patients.
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frAcTUReS IN proxIMaL SpiNal MuscUlAr aTropHy.
frAcTUReS ARe a cOmMON probLeM FOR paTiENTS wItH spiNAL muScUlaR atROPHY (smA). A tOTAL OF 131 PatiENtS wITh PrOxiMAL sMa WiTh An aVERaGE AgE of 13.2 +/- 9.2 YEARS (0.7-65.6) were EVAluAtEd RETROSPECtIVELY. in 60 PaTiENtS 94 dIFfERenT fRACTuReS WERE oBServED. The GroUp cOnsIstED of 11 PAtienTS WITh tYpE ib, 81 witH tYPE iI, 33 wiTh tyPE IIiA, 4 WiTh IiiB AND 2 wITh type iV. 38 OF 81 smA iI pATienTs AND 17 Of 33 sMA IIia pAtIENTS hAD sUFfERed FRACTures At an aVeRAgE Age OF 8.3 +/- 5.3 yeARS (0.0-25.1) (sMA II) AND 9.3 +/- 6.0 YeArS (0.0-22.1) (sMa IIIA). THE MOST FREqUeNt FrAcTUReS wERE OF the feMuR (50), UsuaLlY dIstAL, Of THE LoWER LeG AND anKLE (15), aND upPER arm (9). THE DIStRIButIOn of FRACTUReS was dIFfeReNT in sma II aND Sma IiIA. MOST Of THe fraCTUrEs couLd be TreaTed conSErvaTIVElY. oNLY TWO fEMOrAl sHAft fRAcTureS, oNE uppEr ARm anD A lower ARM fRACTURE werE treaTed SURgicAlly bY OSTEOSyNTHESIS. cOMpETEnT fraCtUrE TREATmeNt IS AN iMpOrtanT parT oF tHe ORThOPaEdIC CARe of SMa paTiEnTS.
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Fracturesin proximal spinal muscular atrophy. Fractures area common problemfor patients with spinalmuscular atrophy (SMA). A total of 131 patients with proximal SMA with an averageageof 13.2 +/- 9.2 years (0.7-65.6) were evaluated retrospectively. In 60 patients 94 different fractures were observed. The group consisted of 11 patients with type Ib, 81 withtype II, 33 with type IIIa, 4 with IIIb and 2withtype IV. 38 of 81SMA IIpatients and 17 of33 SMAIIIa patients had suffered fractures at an average age of 8.3 +/- 5.3 years (0.0-25.1)(SMAII) and 9.3 +/- 6.0 years (0.0-22.1)(SMA IIIa). Themost frequent fractures were of the femur (50), usually distal, of the lower leg and ankle (15),andupper arm (9). The distribution of fractures wasdifferent in SMA II and SMAIIIa. Most ofthe fractures couldbe treated conservatively. Only two femoral shaft fractures, one upperarm and a lower armfracturewere treatedsurgically by osteosynthesis. Competent fracture treatment is animportant part of the orthopaedic care of SMA patients.
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Fractures in proximal spinal muscular atrophy. Fractures are a common _problem_ for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). A total of 131 patients with _proximal_ SMA with _an_ _average_ age of 13.2 +/- 9.2 years (0.7-65.6) were evaluated retrospectively. In 60 _patients_ 94 _different_ fractures were _observed._ The group consisted of 11 patients with type Ib, 81 with type _II,_ 33 with type _IIIa,_ 4 with IIIb and 2 with type IV. 38 _of_ _81_ SMA _II_ patients and 17 of 33 SMA IIIa patients had suffered fractures at _an_ average age _of_ 8.3 +/- _5.3_ years (0.0-25.1) _(SMA_ II) and 9.3 +/- _6.0_ years (0.0-22.1) (SMA IIIa). The most _frequent_ fractures were of the femur (50), usually _distal,_ of the lower leg and _ankle_ (15), and upper arm (9). _The_ distribution of fractures was different in SMA _II_ and SMA IIIa. Most _of_ _the_ fractures could be _treated_ conservatively. Only two femoral shaft fractures, _one_ _upper_ _arm_ and a lower arm fracture were treated surgically by osteosynthesis. Competent fracture _treatment_ is an _important_ _part_ of the _orthopaedic_ care of SMA patients.
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Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: a zoomed image at the molecular level within a geographic context.
Antimalarial chemotherapy is one of the main pillars in the prevention and control of malaria. Following widespread resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine came to the scene as an alternative to the cheap and well-tolerated chloroquine. However, widespread resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has been documented. In vivo efficacy tests are the gold standard for assessing drug resistance and treatment failure. However, they have many disadvantages, such as influence of host immunity and drug pharmacokinetics. In vitro tests of antimalarial drug efficacy also have many technical difficulties. Molecular markers of resistance have emerged as epidemiologic tools to investigate antimalarial drug resistance even before becoming clinically evident. Mutations in P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydrofolate synthase have been extensively studied as molecular markers for resistance to pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, respectively. This review highlights the resistance of P. falciparum at the molecular level presenting both supporting and opposing studies on the utility of molecular markers.
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sulfadoxine - pyrimethamine resistance in plasmodium tumors : a zoomed image at the molecular level within a geographic context. antimalarial chemotherapy is one of the main pillars in the prevention and surveillance of malaria. following widespread resistance of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, sulfadoxine - pyrimethamine came to the scene as an alternative to the resistant and well - tolerated chloroquine. accordingly, widespread resistance to sulfadoxine - pyrimethamine has been documented. in vivo molecular tests are the gold standard for assessing drug cost and treatment success. however, they have many disadvantages, such as influence of host immunity and drug pharmacokinetics. in vitro tests of antimalarial drug efficacy also have many technical difficulties. molecular markers underlying resistance have emerged as epidemiologic tools to investigate antimalarial treatment resistance even before becoming clinically evident. mutations in p. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydrofolate synthase have been extensively studied as molecular markers for resistance between pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, respectively. this review highlights the resistance of p. falciparum at the molecular level presenting both supporting and opposing studies on the utility of molecular markers.
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Sulfadoxine - pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: a zoomed image at the molecular level within a geographic context. Antimalarial chemotherapy is one of the main pillars in the prevention and control of malaria. Following widespread resistance of Plasmodium fzlc8parum to chloroquine, sulfadoxine - pyrimethamine came to the scene as an alternative to the cheap and well - tolerated chloroquine. However, widespread resistance to sulfadoxine - pyrikethamins has Fern documen%sd. In vivo efficacy tests are the gold standard for assessing drug resistance and treatment failure. However, they hadF many disadvantages, such as influence of host immunity and drug pharmacokinetics. In vitro tests of antimalarial drug efficacy also hqv3 many technical diffiS<ies. Molecular markers of resistance hWDe emerged as epidemiologic tools to investigate antimalarial eruh resistance even before becoming clinically evident. Mutations in P. falfiparuH dihydrofolate reductase and dihydrofolate synthase have been extensively studied as molecular markers for resistance to pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, respectively. This review highlights the resistance of P. falciparum at the molecular level presenting both supporting and opposing studies on the utility of molecular markers.
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Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: a zoomed image at the molecular level within a geographic context. Antimalarial chemotherapy one of the main pillars in the and control of malaria. widespread resistance of to chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine came to the scene as to the cheap and well-tolerated chloroquine. However, widespread resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine been documented. In vivo efficacy tests are the gold standard for assessing resistance and treatment failure. However, they have many such influence of host immunity and drug pharmacokinetics. In tests of antimalarial efficacy also have many technical difficulties. Molecular markers of have emerged as epidemiologic tools to investigate antimalarial drug resistance even before becoming clinically evident. Mutations in P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydrofolate synthase have extensively studied as molecular markers for resistance to pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, respectively. This review highlights the resistance of P. falciparum at the molecular level presenting both supporting and opposing studies on the utility of molecular
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SulfadoXINe-PyrimeThamINE rEsisTANcE IN PlaSmODiuM FaLCipArUm: a ZoomED IMaGE At thE moLeCUlar LeVeL wITHIN A gEoGRAPhiC COnTexT.
AnTimalARIAl ChEMOTHERAPy is OnE Of THe mAiN PilLArS iN The preveNTioN and cONtROl Of MaLArIa. fOLLoWinG WIDespreaD rEsiStaNcE oF PLASmoDiUM faLciPaRuM TO cHLORoQUinE, sULfaDoXInE-pyRImetHAMiNE Came to THE scENE As An AltErNATive TO ThE cHEaP AND well-TOLerATed CHloROQUiNE. HOwEVEr, WiDesPREAD ReSisTAnCe TO sUlFadOxIne-pyrimETHAmINe HAS beEN DOcumEnTEd. iN VIVO EfFicACY tEStS ARE THE GOld sTanDArD foR asSeSsiNg DRug REsisTAnce aND TReaTMeNT FaIlUre. HOwever, they hAVe Many DiSAdVaNtAGES, SUch AS iNfluEncE OF hOst imMunItY AnD drUg pHARMACOKINetics. IN vITro tEStS oF aNTimALARIal DruG eFfIcACY aLSo HAVE mANy TEcHNICAL diFFIcULTies. MolEcUlar marKeRs OF REsIStAncE hAve Emerged aS EPIDEmiOLOGic toOLs TO INVesTiGATe aNtimAlarial DruG ReSIStAnCe eVEN bEFOrE BEcoMing CLiNIcaLLY EVidEnT. muTatIoNs In p. fALciPARUm diHyDROFolATe ReductASE aND dIHyDRoFOLaTE syNtHaSe HavE beEn extENsiveLY stUdied aS MOleCUlAR MaRKERs FoR reSiStAncE TO PYriMeThAMine anD sUlfAdOxInE, ReSPeCtivElY. THis rEvieW hIGHLIGhts tHe ReSiSTanCe of p. FALCiPARum at ThE mOLECUlAR leVel prEsEntinG BotH SUPpORtiNG ANd OppOSIng StUdIES ON thE UTIlity OF MOLEcuLAr MarKERs.
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Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance inPlasmodium falciparum: a zoomed image at the molecular level within a geographic context. Antimalarialchemotherapy isone of the main pillars in the prevention and control of malaria. Following widespread resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine came to the scene as an alternative to the cheap and well-tolerated chloroquine. However, widespread resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has been documented.In vivoefficacy tests are the goldstandard for assessing drug resistance and treatment failure. However, they have many disadvantages, such as influenceof host immunity and drug pharmacokinetics. In vitro tests of antimalarial drug efficacy alsohave many technical difficulties. Molecular markers ofresistance have emerged as epidemiologic tools to investigate antimalarial drug resistance even before becoming clinicallyevident. Mutations in P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and dihydrofolate synthasehave been extensively studiedas molecular markers for resistance to pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, respectively. This review highlights the resistance of P. falciparum at the molecular level presenting both supporting and opposing studies on the utility of molecular markers.
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Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium _falciparum:_ a zoomed image at the _molecular_ level within _a_ geographic _context._ _Antimalarial_ _chemotherapy_ is one of the main pillars _in_ the prevention and control of _malaria._ _Following_ _widespread_ resistance of _Plasmodium_ _falciparum_ to chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine came to _the_ _scene_ as an alternative _to_ the cheap and well-tolerated chloroquine. However, widespread _resistance_ to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has been documented. In _vivo_ efficacy tests are _the_ gold _standard_ for assessing drug resistance and treatment _failure._ However, they have many disadvantages, such as influence of host _immunity_ and _drug_ pharmacokinetics. _In_ vitro tests _of_ antimalarial drug efficacy also have many _technical_ difficulties. _Molecular_ markers of resistance have _emerged_ _as_ epidemiologic _tools_ _to_ investigate antimalarial drug _resistance_ _even_ before becoming _clinically_ evident. _Mutations_ in P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase and _dihydrofolate_ synthase have been extensively studied as molecular markers for _resistance_ to _pyrimethamine_ and _sulfadoxine,_ respectively. _This_ review highlights the resistance of P. falciparum at the molecular level presenting both supporting and _opposing_ studies on the utility of _molecular_ _markers._
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The effects of turbulent jet flows on plant cell suspension cultures
Cell suspensions of Morinda citrifolia were subjected to turbulent flow conditions in a submerged jet apparatus, to investigate their hydrodynamic shear susceptibility. The suspensions were exposed to repeated, pressure-driven passages through a submerged jet. Two nozzles, of 1 mm and 2 mm diameter, were employed. Average energy dissipation rates were in the range 10(3)-10(5) W/kg and cumulative energy dissipation in the range 10(5)-10(7) J/m3. System response to the imposed conditions was evaluated in terms of suspension viability (determined using a dye exclusion technique) and variations in both chain length distribution and maximum chain length. Viability loss was well-described by a first-order model, and a linear relationship was identified between the specific death rate constant and the average energy dissipation rate. This relationship was consistent with results obtained using the same suspension cultures in a turbulent capillary flow device. Morphological measurements indicated that exposure to the hydrodynamic environment generated in the jet resulted in a significant reduction in both the average and maximum chain lengths, and the reduction in the maximum chain length was identified as an appropriate measure of sustained damage. Analysis of both viability and chain length in terms of cumulative energy dissipated revealed good agreement with results reported by other authors for morphologically different plant cell systems. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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the effects of turbulent jet flows on plant cell suspension cultures cell suspensions of morinda citrifolia were subjected to turbulent flow conditions in a submerged jet apparatus, to investigate their hydrodynamic shear susceptibility. the suspensions were exposed to repeated, pressure - driven passages through a submerged jet. two nozzles, of 1 mm and 450 mm respectively, were employed. average energy dissipation rates increased in the range 10 ( 3 ) - 10 ( 5 ) w / kg and cumulative energy dissipation in the range 10 ( 5 ) - 10 ( 7 ) j / m3. system response to the imposed conditions was evaluated in terms of suspension viability ( determined using a dye exclusion technique ) and variations in both chain length distribution and maximum chain length. viability loss was well - described by a first - order model, and a linear relationship was identified between the specific death rate constant and the average energy dissipation rate. this relationship was consistent with results obtained using the same suspension cultures in a linear capillary flow device. morphological measurements indicated that exposure to the hydrodynamic environment generated in the jet resulted in more significant improvement in both combined average and maximum chain lengths, and the reduction in the maximum chain length are identified as an appropriate measure of sustained damage. measures of both viability and chain length in terms of cumulative energy dissipated showed good agreement with results reported by other authors for morphologically different plant cell systems. copyright 1998 john wiley & sons, inc.
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The effects of turbulent jet flows on plant cell suspension cultures Ce<K suspensions of Morinda citrifolia were subU$cted to turbulent flow conditions in a submerged jet apparatus, to investigate their hydrodynamic shear susceptibility. The suspensions were exposed to repeated, pressure - driven passages through a submerged jet. Two nozzles, of 1 mm and 2 mm diameter, were employed. Average energy dissipation rates were in the range 10 (3) - 10 (5) W / kg and cumulative energy dissipztioM in the range 10 (5) - 10 (7) J / m3. System response to the imposed conditions was evaluated in terms of suspension viability (determined using a dye exclusion technique) and variations in both chain length distribution and maximum chain length. Viability loss was well - described by a first - o5deg model, and a liJeat relationship was identified between the specific death rate constant and the average energy dissipation rate. This relationship was consistent with results obtained using the same suspension cultures in a turbulent capillary flow device. MorpUPlogical measurements indicated fhAt exposure to the hydrodynamic environment generated in the jet resulted in a significant reduction in both the average and maximum chain lengths, and the reduction in the maximum chain length was identified as an appropriate measure of sustained damage. Analysis of both viability and chain length in terms of cumulative energy dissipayfd revealed good agreement wi6t results relortev by other authors for morphologically different plant cell systems. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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The effects of turbulent jet flows on plant cell suspension cultures Cell suspensions of Morinda citrifolia subjected turbulent flow conditions in a submerged jet apparatus, to investigate their hydrodynamic shear susceptibility. The suspensions were repeated, passages through a submerged jet. Two nozzles, of 1 mm and 2 mm diameter, were employed. Average energy dissipation rates were in the range 10(3)-10(5) W/kg and energy dissipation in the range J/m3. System to the imposed conditions was evaluated in terms of suspension viability (determined using a dye exclusion technique) and variations in both chain length and maximum chain length. Viability loss was well-described by a first-order model, and a linear relationship was identified between the specific death constant and the average energy dissipation rate. This was consistent results obtained using the same cultures in a turbulent capillary flow device. Morphological measurements indicated that exposure to the hydrodynamic generated in the jet resulted in a significant reduction in both the average and maximum chain lengths, and the reduction in the chain length was identified an appropriate measure of sustained damage. Analysis both viability and chain length in terms of cumulative energy dissipated revealed good agreement with reported other authors for morphologically plant cell Copyright 1998 Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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tHE eFfECts Of tuRBulEnt jEt fLoWS ON pLant CEll SUspensioN cuLtUres
CEll suspEnSionS Of mOrindA CitRIFOlia werE SubjeCtEd To tURBulEnT flOw ConDitIOnS In A sUbMErGEd Jet APParATUS, to inVeSTiGAte thEIR hyDRODYnaMiC shEAR suScePTIBILITY. THE SuspenSiONs wERE eXPOSED TO repeATeD, PrEsSUre-dRiVEn paSSAgeS thRoUgH a SuBmERGeD JeT. TWo NOZZLes, Of 1 Mm AND 2 Mm dIaMETER, Were emplOyEd. aVerage energy disSIpAtION raTeS WeRe iN THe rANge 10(3)-10(5) w/KG AnD cuMULatIve enErGy dissIPAtiON IN the RaNge 10(5)-10(7) J/m3. syStEm ResPonSe TO thE ImPoseD cOndiTiOnS was evaLUaTED IN termS OF suspENSION viaBILitY (dEtERMiNEd uSiNG a Dye ExclUSIon TEcHNIqUe) And variatioNS IN BotH cHAiN lENGTH DisTRiButIoN aND MAximUM CHaIN leNGth. viaBiliTy LoSs WAs wEll-DEscrIBED BY A firST-oRDEr MoDEL, aND a lIneAR RElatIoNsHIp waS IDenTiFiED beTwEEN The SPeCIFIC deAtH raTE COnsTANt ANd ThE aveRaGE EnERgy DiSsiPaTIoN RATe. THis relAtIOnsHIP WaS coNsISTeNt WITh RESULTs ObTAinED UsiNG ThE SAmE SuSpenSION CultURes in a TURBuLENt CaPiLlARy FLow DEvICE. MORPhoLogiCal mEasUrEMENTs inDICATed THAT ExposuRE To tHe hYDrODyNAMIC ENVIRonmENT GEnERAtEd In tHe Jet RESuLTEd IN A sIGNiFicAnT ReDuCTIOn in BOTH tHE AverAge And mAXimum CHaIN LengThs, anD THe reDUCTIoN iN tHE maXIMum chaIN LenGth WAS IDENtIfiEd As An APPROPrIaTE MEaSUre Of SuStAIned DamAGe. analySIs OF BOth VIabilitY ANd CHaIn Length In teRms Of cUMulaTiVe ENErgY DiSsIpaTeD reVEaLed gOoD AGReEMent wiTh RESuLTs rEpORTeD BY OTHeR auThoRS fOr MorPhOLOgicallY DIFfeRENT plAnt CelL SysteMS. CopyRIgHT 1998 JOHN WILeY & SONS, Inc.
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The effects of turbulent jet flows onplant cell suspension cultures Cell suspensions of Morinda citrifolia weresubjected to turbulent flow conditions ina submerged jetapparatus, to investigate their hydrodynamic shear susceptibility. The suspensions wereexposed to repeated, pressure-driven passagesthrough a submerged jet. Two nozzles, of 1 mm and 2 mm diameter, were employed.Averageenergy dissipation rates werein therange 10(3)-10(5) W/kg and cumulative energy dissipation in the range10(5)-10(7) J/m3. System response to the imposed conditionswas evaluated in terms of suspension viability (determined using a dye exclusion technique) andvariations in both chain length distribution and maximum chainlength. Viability loss was well-describedby a first-order model, and a linear relationship was identified between thespecific death rateconstant and theaverage energy dissipation rate. This relationship was consistent with results obtained using the same suspension cultures in a turbulent capillary flow device. Morphological measurements indicated thatexposure to the hydrodynamic environment generated in the jet resulted in a significantreduction in both the average and maximum chain lengths,and the reduction in the maximum chainlength was identified as an appropriate measure of sustained damage. Analysis ofboth viability and chain length in terms of cumulative energy dissipated revealedgood agreement with results reported by other authors for morphologically different plant cellsystems. Copyright 1998John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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The effects _of_ turbulent jet flows on plant cell _suspension_ cultures Cell suspensions of Morinda citrifolia were subjected to turbulent flow conditions _in_ a submerged jet apparatus, _to_ investigate their hydrodynamic shear _susceptibility._ The suspensions _were_ exposed to repeated, pressure-driven passages _through_ a _submerged_ jet. Two nozzles, of 1 mm and 2 mm diameter, _were_ employed. _Average_ _energy_ dissipation rates _were_ _in_ the _range_ _10(3)-10(5)_ W/kg and cumulative _energy_ dissipation in the _range_ 10(5)-10(7) _J/m3._ _System_ response to the imposed conditions _was_ evaluated _in_ terms of suspension viability (determined using a dye _exclusion_ _technique)_ and variations in both chain length distribution _and_ maximum _chain_ length. _Viability_ loss was well-described by a first-order model, and _a_ linear _relationship_ _was_ identified between the specific death rate _constant_ and _the_ average energy dissipation rate. _This_ relationship was consistent with results obtained using the same suspension _cultures_ in a _turbulent_ capillary flow _device._ _Morphological_ _measurements_ indicated _that_ exposure _to_ _the_ hydrodynamic _environment_ generated in the jet resulted in a _significant_ reduction in both the average and maximum chain lengths, and the reduction in the maximum _chain_ length was _identified_ as an _appropriate_ measure of sustained damage. _Analysis_ of both viability and chain _length_ in terms of cumulative _energy_ dissipated revealed good agreement _with_ results reported by other authors for morphologically different plant cell systems. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Demonstration of scrotal disease on bone scintigraphy.
The identification of scrotal disease on a bone scan is reportedly rare. Most previous reports involve abnormally increased accumulation of radioisotope in the scrotal region. This article includes a compilation of three cases of incidental scrotal photopenic defects on bone scintigraphy and a brief review of the literature.
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abnormalities occurs scrotal defects on molecular imaging. the measurement of scrotal disease on a bone scan is reportedly rare. recent previous reports document abnormally increased accumulation of radioisotope in the scrotal region. this review includes a compilation of documented cases of incidental scrotal photopenic defects on bone scintigraphy and a brief review of the literature.
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Demonstration of scrotal disease on vonR scintigraphy. The identification of scrotal disease on a bone EcAn is reportedly Fwre. ,9st previous Fe9orts involve abnormally increSseV accumulation of radioisotoLF in the dcrotzl region. This article inFludeC a compilation of three cases of incidental scrotal photopenic defects on bone scintigraphy and a fGief review of the literature.
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Demonstration of scrotal disease on bone scintigraphy. The identification of scrotal disease a bone scan is reportedly rare. Most reports involve abnormally increased of radioisotope in the scrotal This includes a compilation of three cases of incidental scrotal photopenic defects on bone scintigraphy and a brief review of the literature.
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DemOnsTRAtIOn oF scRoTAl dIsEASE ON bOne sCIntIgRaPHY.
ThE iDentifICAtiOn OF ScROTal DiseaSe oN A Bone SCan is ReporteDly RaRE. MoST pREVioUs REPoRTs INVolVe aBnormallY iNcrEased ACcUmulATion OF RaDiOIsOTope IN thE sCROTal REgion. This aRtIcLE INcLudes A coMPIlAtIoN of thReE CaSeS OF iNcIdeNtaL ScrOTAL PhOTOpeNIC dEfECtS oN BONE ScintigraPhY aNd A BRiEf REvIEW oF The liteRAtuRE.
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Demonstration of scrotal disease on bone scintigraphy. The identification ofscrotal disease on a bone scan isreportedly rare. Most previous reports involve abnormally increased accumulation of radioisotopeinthe scrotal region. This article includes a compilation of three casesof incidental scrotal photopenic defects on bone scintigraphy and abriefreview ofthe literature.
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Demonstration of scrotal disease on bone _scintigraphy._ The identification of scrotal disease on _a_ bone scan _is_ reportedly rare. _Most_ previous _reports_ _involve_ abnormally increased accumulation of radioisotope in _the_ _scrotal_ _region._ This _article_ _includes_ a compilation of three cases of _incidental_ _scrotal_ photopenic defects on bone _scintigraphy_ and a brief review _of_ the literature.
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Inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by acyclic sugar adenosine analogue D-eritadenine. Crystal structure of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase complexed with D-eritadenine.
D-eritadenine (DEA) is a potent inhibitor (IC(50) = 7 nm) of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase). Unlike cyclic sugar Ado analogue inhibitors, including mechanism-based inhibitors, DEA is an acyclic sugar Ado analogue, and the C2' and C3' have opposite chirality to those of the cyclic sugar Ado inhibitors. Crystal structures of DEA alone and in complex with AdoHcyase have been determined to elucidate the DEA binding scheme to AdoHcyase. The DEA-complexed structure has been analyzed by comparing it with two structures of AdoHcyase complexed with cyclic sugar Ado analogues. The DEA-complexed structure has a closed conformation, and the DEA is located near the bound NAD(+). However, a UV absorption measurement shows that DEA is not oxidized by the bound NAD(+), indicating that the open-closed conformational change of AdoHcyase is due to the substrate/inhibitor binding, not the oxidation state of the bound NAD. The adenine ring of DEA is recognized by four essential hydrogen bonds as observed in the cyclic sugar Ado complexes. The hydrogen bond network around the acyclic sugar moiety indicates that DEA is more tightly connected to the protein than the cyclic sugar Ado analogues. The C3'-H of DEA is pointed toward C4 of the bound NAD(+) (C3'...C4 = 3.7 A), suggesting some interaction between DEA and NAD(+). By placing DEA into the active site of the open structure, the major forces to stabilize the closed conformation of AdoHcyase are identified as the hydrogen bonds between the backbone of His-352 and the adenine ring, and the C3'-H...C4 interaction. DEA has been believed to be an inactivator of AdoHcyase, but this study indicates that DEA is a reversible inhibitor. On the basis of the complexed structure, selective inhibitors of AdoHcyase have been designed.
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inhibition of s - adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by acyclic sugar adenosine analogue d - eritadenine. crystal structure of s - adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase complexed with d - eritadenine. d - eritadenine ( dea ) is a potent inhibitor ( ic ( 50 ) = 7 nm ) of s - adenosyl - l - homocysteine hydrolase ( adohcyase ). unlike cyclic sugar ado analogue inhibitors, including mechanism - based inhibitors, dea is an acyclic stem kinase analogue, and the c2 ' and c3 ' have opposite chirality to those of the reduced sugar ado inhibitors. crystal structures of dea alone and in complex with adohcyase have been determined to elucidate the dea binding scheme to adohcyase. the dea - complexed structure has been analyzed by comparing it with two structures of adohcyase complexed with cyclic sugar ado analogues. the dea - complexed structure has a closed conformation, and the dea is located near the bound nad ( + ). likewise, a uv absorption measurement shows that dea is not oxidized by the bound nad ( + ), indicating that the open - closed conformational change of adohcyase is due to specific substrate / inhibitor binding, not the oxidation state of the bound nad. the adenine ring of dea is recognized by four essential affinity bonds as observed in linear cyclic sugar ado complexes. the hydrogen bond network around the acyclic sugar moiety indicates that dea is more tightly connected to the protein than the cyclic sugar ado analogues. the c3 ' - h of dea is pointed toward c4 of the bound nad ( + ) ( c3 '... nad = 3. 7 a ), suggesting some interaction between dea and nad ( + ). by placing dea into the active site of the open structure, the major forces to stabilize the closed conformation of adohcyase are identified as the hydrogen bonds between the backbone of his - 352 and the adenine ring, and the c3 ' - h... c4 interaction. dea having been believed to be an inactivator of adohcyase, but this study indicates that dea is a reversible inhibitor. on the basis of the complexed structure, selective properties of adohcyase have been designed.
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IhhiFition of S - adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by acyclic sugar adenosine analogue D - eritadenine. Crystal strkctIre of S - adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase complexed with D - eritadenine. D - eritadenine (DEA) is a potent inhibitor (IC (50) = 7 nm) of S - adenosyl - l - homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase ). Unlike cyclic sugar Ado analogue inhibitors, including mechanism - bas#s inhibitors, DEA is an aXyclLc sugar Ado analogue, and the C2 ' and C3 ' have opposite chirality to those of the cyclic sugar Ado inhibitors. Crystal structures of DEA alone and in complex with AdoHcyase have been determined to elucidate the DEA binding scheme to AdoHcyase. The DEA - complexed structure has been XnalGzed by comparing it with two structures of AdoHcyase complexed with cyclic suBa5 Ado ana/oguFs. The DEA - complexed structure has a closed conformation, and the DEA is located near the bound NAD (+ ). However, a UV absorption measurement shows that DEA is not oxidized by the bound NAD (+ ), indicating that the open - closed conformational change of AdoHcyase is due to the substrate / inhibitor binding, not the oxifatiln state of the bound NAD. The adenine 5inH of DEA is recognized by four essential hydrogen bonds as observed in the cyclic sugar Ado complexes. The hydrogen bond network around the acyclic sugar moiety indicates that DEA is more tightly connected to the protein than the cyclic sugar Ado analogues. The C3 ' - H of DEA is pointed toward C4 of the bound NAD (+) (C3 '. .. C4 = 3. 7 A ), suggesting some interaction between DEA and NAD (+ ). By placing DEA into the active site of the open structure, the major forces to stabilize the closed conformation of AdoHcyase are 8dentifieV as the hydrogen bonds between the backbone of His - 352 and the adenine ring, and the C3 ' - H. .. C4 interaction. DEA has been believed to be an inactivator of AdoHcyase, but this study indicates that DEA is a reversible inhibitor. On the basis of the complexed structure, selective inhibitors of AdoHcyase have been designed.
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S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by acyclic sugar adenosine analogue D-eritadenine. structure of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase complexed with D-eritadenine. D-eritadenine (DEA) is a potent inhibitor (IC(50) = 7 nm) of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase). Unlike cyclic sugar Ado analogue inhibitors, including mechanism-based inhibitors, DEA is an acyclic Ado analogue, the C2' and C3' have opposite chirality of the cyclic Ado inhibitors. Crystal structures of DEA alone and in complex with AdoHcyase have been determined to elucidate the DEA binding scheme to AdoHcyase. The DEA-complexed structure been analyzed by comparing it with two structures AdoHcyase complexed with cyclic sugar Ado analogues. The DEA-complexed structure has a closed conformation, and the DEA located near the bound NAD(+). a UV absorption shows that DEA not oxidized by the bound NAD(+), indicating that the open-closed conformational change of AdoHcyase is due to the substrate/inhibitor binding, not oxidation state of the bound NAD. The adenine ring of DEA is recognized by four essential hydrogen bonds as observed in the cyclic sugar Ado complexes. The hydrogen bond network around the acyclic sugar moiety indicates that DEA more tightly connected to protein than the cyclic sugar Ado analogues. The C3'-H of DEA pointed toward of the bound NAD(+) (C3'...C4 = 3.7 A), suggesting some interaction between DEA and NAD(+). placing DEA the active site of the open structure, the major forces to stabilize the closed conformation of AdoHcyase are identified as the bonds between the backbone of and the adenine ring, C3'-H...C4 interaction. DEA has been believed to be an inactivator of AdoHcyase, but this study indicates that DEA is a reversible basis of the complexed structure, selective of have been designed.
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InHIBITiOn oF s-aDENOSyLhomocystEiNE HYdRoLAsE by ACYcLIc suGar AdenoSiNe anALOGuE d-EriTADENinE. crYStAl StRUCTuRe oF s-aDenoSylhomoCySteINe HYDrOlasE cOMpLEXed WiTh D-eriTAdeNINE.
D-erItAdENiNE (DEa) iS a POTent inHIBiTor (ic(50) = 7 nM) Of S-aDenOsYl-L-hOMocySteINe HyDRoLAsE (aDOHcyase). UnLiKe cyCLic suGar ado analOGUe InHiBItORS, InCLUDINg MECHANisM-BAsed iNHIbitORs, DEa is an aCYClIC SUGaR Ado anALOgue, AND tHE c2' anD c3' HaVE oPpOsItE chIrAlItY tO tHOsE oF THE cYcLIc sugAr ADO INhiBiTors. crystAl sTRUCtUrES OF DEa AlOnE AND IN COmPLex WITH aDOHcYaSE HavE BEEn DEtErmIneD tO eluCiDATe tHE dEA BInDiNg SCheMe To aDoHcYASe. THe DeA-CompLexed StRUctuRE hAS been aNALYzEd BY cOMpARiNg It WitH Two structUReS of aDoHcyaSe COmpleXED wITH cYcLIC SUGaR aDO ANaLOgueS. tHe DEa-cOmpLEXED STRUCtuRE has A CLOseD CONfOrMAtiOn, And THe deA is LOcATED Near the BOUND nad(+). HOwEVER, A UV aBSOrPTION MeASUREmENT ShOws That DeA Is NOT oXidIzED bY ThE bOUnD nAd(+), indIcaTiNG ThAt the OPen-Closed cONfORmATiOnAL CHaNGe OF aDOhcyase Is duE tO tHE sUbStratE/INhiBitoR biNding, nOT THE oxiDAtiOn STAtE Of thE Bound NAd. THE adeNiNe RINg OF dEA IS ReCoGNIzeD by fOUR EssEntiAl HydroGEN BONDs as OBservEd in tHE CYcLIC SUgar aDO compLeXES. THe hYDrOGEN BONd nETwoRK arOUnD ThE aCYclIc SUgAr MOietY inDIcateS tHat DeA IS more TIghTlY CONneCTEd To THe PROTeiN THAn THE CYcLIc sugaR aDo aNALOGuEs. THe C3'-h of dea Is poIntEd toWaRd c4 oF ThE BoUND nAd(+) (c3'...C4 = 3.7 A), sUGgEsTiNg sOmE inTErACtiOn beTWEEn DEA anD nAD(+). bY plACINg DEA InTo The ACTiVe SiTE Of THe open STrUcTurE, thE mAjoR FoRCeS tO StabiLiZe tHe cLoSeD conFoRMatioN Of adOhCyasE ARE idEntifIed AS THE HydrOGEn bONds BETwEEn tHE bacKbOnE OF hiS-352 ANd THe adeNIne rInG, and The c3'-h...C4 inTerActIoN. dEa HAs Been BEliEVEd To Be AN iNACTivAtOr oF AdohcyAsE, buT THiS sTUdy indiCaTES thAt DEa IS A rEVeRsiBle InHiBitor. On The baSiS oF tHe coMplexed STRUcTURE, sEleCTivE INHIBItoRs OF ADoHCYASe HavE BEen desIGnED.
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Inhibitionof S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolaseby acyclic sugar adenosine analogue D-eritadenine. Crystal structure ofS-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase complexed with D-eritadenine.D-eritadenine (DEA) isapotent inhibitor (IC(50) = 7 nm)of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase(AdoHcyase).Unlike cyclic sugar Ado analogue inhibitors, including mechanism-based inhibitors, DEA is an acyclic sugar Adoanalogue,and the C2'andC3' have opposite chirality to those of the cyclic sugar Ado inhibitors. Crystal structures of DEA alone and in complex with AdoHcyase have been determinedtoelucidate the DEA binding schemeto AdoHcyase. The DEA-complexed structurehasbeen analyzed by comparing it withtwo structuresof AdoHcyase complexed with cyclic sugar Ado analogues. The DEA-complexed structure has a closed conformation, and the DEA is located near the bound NAD(+). However, a UVabsorption measurement shows that DEA is not oxidized by the bound NAD(+), indicating that the open-closed conformational change of AdoHcyase is due to the substrate/inhibitor binding, not theoxidation state of the bound NAD. The adeninering of DEA is recognizedby four essential hydrogen bondsas observed inthe cyclic sugar Ado complexes. The hydrogen bondnetwork around the acyclic sugar moiety indicates thatDEA is moretightly connected to the protein than the cyclic sugar Ado analogues. The C3'-H of DEA is pointed toward C4 of the bound NAD(+) (C3'...C4 = 3.7 A),suggesting some interaction between DEA andNAD(+). By placingDEA into the active site of the open structure, the major forces to stabilize the closed conformation of AdoHcyase are identified asthe hydrogen bonds betweenthe backboneof His-352 and the adenine ring, and the C3'-H...C4 interaction.DEA has been believedto be an inactivatorof AdoHcyase, but this study indicates that DEA is areversibleinhibitor. Onthe basisof the complexed structure,selective inhibitors ofAdoHcyase have been designed.
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Inhibition _of_ S-adenosylhomocysteine _hydrolase_ by acyclic _sugar_ adenosine analogue D-eritadenine. Crystal structure of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase complexed with D-eritadenine. D-eritadenine _(DEA)_ is _a_ potent inhibitor (IC(50) = 7 _nm)_ _of_ _S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine_ hydrolase (AdoHcyase). _Unlike_ cyclic _sugar_ Ado analogue inhibitors, including mechanism-based inhibitors, _DEA_ is an acyclic _sugar_ Ado analogue, and the C2' and C3' _have_ opposite chirality to those of _the_ cyclic sugar Ado inhibitors. Crystal structures of DEA alone and in complex with AdoHcyase have been determined to _elucidate_ the DEA binding _scheme_ _to_ AdoHcyase. _The_ DEA-complexed structure has _been_ _analyzed_ _by_ comparing it with two structures of AdoHcyase complexed with cyclic sugar Ado analogues. The DEA-complexed structure has a closed conformation, and the DEA is located near the bound NAD(+). However, a UV _absorption_ _measurement_ shows _that_ DEA is not oxidized by the bound NAD(+), indicating that the _open-closed_ conformational change _of_ AdoHcyase is due to the substrate/inhibitor binding, not the oxidation state _of_ the bound NAD. The adenine ring _of_ DEA is _recognized_ by four essential _hydrogen_ bonds as observed in _the_ _cyclic_ sugar Ado complexes. _The_ hydrogen bond network around the acyclic sugar moiety _indicates_ that DEA is more tightly connected to the _protein_ than the cyclic sugar _Ado_ analogues. The C3'-H of DEA _is_ _pointed_ toward C4 _of_ the bound _NAD(+)_ (C3'...C4 = 3.7 _A),_ suggesting some interaction between DEA and NAD(+). By placing DEA into the active _site_ of the open structure, the major forces to stabilize the closed _conformation_ of AdoHcyase are identified as the hydrogen bonds between the backbone of _His-352_ and the _adenine_ ring, and the C3'-H...C4 interaction. _DEA_ _has_ _been_ believed to be an inactivator of AdoHcyase, but this study indicates _that_ DEA is a reversible inhibitor. On _the_ basis _of_ the complexed structure, selective inhibitors of AdoHcyase have been designed.
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Why bluefin tuna have warm tummies: temperature effect on trypsin and chymotrypsin.
Giant bluefin tuna warm their viscera during and after a meal. The cecum of a 500-kg bluefin weighs about 9 kg and contains about 20,000 pyloric ceca, each about 10 cm long and 1.5 mm diam. Trypsin was assayed with alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide HCl and chymotrypsin with glutaryl-L-phenylalanine-p-nitroaniline. The effects of pH on specific activity over the range 7.5-9.5 were negligible relative to temperature effects. Specific activity and maximal reaction velocity extrapolated from a Lineweaver-Burke plot (Vmax) increased with an increase in temperature in a similar fashion (Q10 ca. 2 over temperature range of physiological significance), whereas Km was constant over the same temperature range. The advantage of the warm cecum is that protein is digested in about one-third the time, so that these tuna can process about three times as much food per day.
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why bluefin tuna have warm tummies : temperature effect on trypsin and chymotrypsin. giant bluefin tuna warm their viscera during and after a meal. the cecum of a 500 - kg bluefin weighs about 9 kg and contains about 20, 000 ml ceca, each about 10 cm long and 1. 5 mm flexible. trypsin was assayed with alpha - benzoyl - dl - arginine - p - nitroanilide hcl and chymotrypsin with glutaryl - l - phenylalanine - p - nitroaniline. the effects of ph on specific activity over the range 7. 1 - 9. 5 were negligible relative to thermal effects. specific activity and maximal reaction velocity extrapolated from a lineweaver - burke model ( vmax ) consistent with an increase in temperature in a similar fashion ( q10 ca. 2 over temperature range indicate physiological significance ), whereas km was constant over the same temperature range. the advantage of the warm cecum is that protein stores digested in about one - third the time, and that these tuna can process over three times as much food per day.
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Why bluefin tuna have warm t thmies: temperature effect on trypsin and chymotrypsin. Giant bluefin tuna warm their viscera during and after a mRAl. The cecum of a 500 - kg bluefin weighs about 9 kg and contains about 20, 000 pyloric ceca, each about 10 cm long and 1. 5 mm diam. Trypsin was assayed with ZlOha - benzoyl - DL - aeTinine - p - nitroanilide HCl and chymotrypsin q(th glutaryl - L - phenylalanine - p - nitroaniline. The effects of pH on specific activity over the range 7. 5 - 9. 5 were negligible relative to temperature effects. Specific activity and maximal reaction velocity extrapolated V#om a Lineweaver - Burke plot (Vmax) increased AitM an increase in temperature in a similar fashion (Q10 ca. 2 over temperature range of physiological significance ), whereas Km was x(nstant over the same temperature range. The advantage of the warm cecum is that protein is digested in xFout one - third the time, so that these tuna can process about three times as much f(oF per day.
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Why bluefin tuna have warm tummies: temperature effect chymotrypsin. Giant bluefin tuna warm their viscera during and after The cecum of a 500-kg bluefin weighs 9 kg and contains about 20,000 pyloric ceca, each about 10 cm long and 1.5 mm diam. Trypsin assayed alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide HCl and chymotrypsin with The effects of pH on specific over the range were negligible relative to temperature effects. Specific activity and maximal reaction velocity extrapolated from a Lineweaver-Burke (Vmax) increased with an increase in temperature a similar fashion (Q10 2 over temperature range of physiological significance), whereas Km was constant over the same temperature range. The advantage of the warm cecum is that protein is digested in about one-third the time, so that these tuna can process about three times as much food per day.
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WhY blUEfiN tUNa hAve WaRM TuMMiES: TemPERaTurE eFFect On TrYpsin and cHymotryPsIn.
GIAnt BlUEfin TuNA WaRM tHEir ViSCerA duRInG ANd aFTer A MeaL. thE CEcUm Of a 500-Kg bLuefiN weigHS aBoUt 9 Kg AND COnTaInS aboUT 20,000 PYloriC ceCa, EAch aboUt 10 Cm LONG anD 1.5 mm DiAM. tRyPsIN wAS ASsAyED wITH ALPHA-BENZoYL-DL-argIniNe-p-NitRoANIlidE hCl AnD cHYmOtrYpSiN WITh GLutARYl-L-pHeNyLaLANINE-p-nItrOaNiLInE. ThE EFFEcTs of ph ON SpeCifIc ACTiViTY OVEr the RAnGE 7.5-9.5 WeRe neGliGIbLE RELAtiVE to temPEratuRe EFFeCtS. SpECIFIC activiTY and mAXimAl ReaCTION VELOCIty EXTrApOlATeD fROM A LIneWEaVER-BURKE Plot (vMAX) iNcrEased WiTH an inCrEASe IN temPErAtuRe IN A SIMiLAr FAshioN (q10 CA. 2 Over TemperatuRe raNGe of phySIOlOGIcAL SigNifIcancE), wHEReaS km was CONSTAnT OVer THE saME tEMpERATure RanGe. ThE ADVantAgE OF The warM CecuM iS tHAt proteiN is dIgesTed In abOut ONe-THiRD ThE tiME, So tHAT thEse tUNA cAn PRoceSS ABout ThreE tIMeS as mucH fOoD Per DAY.
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Why bluefin tuna have warmtummies: temperature effect on trypsin and chymotrypsin. Giant bluefintuna warm their viscera during andafter a meal. The cecum of a 500-kg bluefinweighs about 9 kgandcontains about 20,000 pyloric ceca, eachabout 10 cmlong and1.5mm diam. Trypsin was assayed with alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide HCl and chymotrypsinwith glutaryl-L-phenylalanine-p-nitroaniline. The effects ofpH on specific activity over the range 7.5-9.5 were negligible relative to temperature effects. Specific activity and maximalreaction velocity extrapolated from a Lineweaver-Burke plot (Vmax) increased with an increasein temperature in a similar fashion (Q10 ca. 2 over temperaturerange of physiologicalsignificance), whereas Km was constant over the same temperature range. The advantageof the warm cecumis that protein is digested in about one-third the time, so thatthese tuna can process about three times as much food per day.
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Why _bluefin_ tuna have warm tummies: temperature effect on trypsin and chymotrypsin. _Giant_ bluefin tuna warm their viscera during and after a meal. The cecum of a 500-kg bluefin weighs about _9_ kg and contains about 20,000 _pyloric_ ceca, each about 10 cm long and 1.5 mm diam. Trypsin _was_ assayed _with_ alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide _HCl_ and _chymotrypsin_ with glutaryl-L-phenylalanine-p-nitroaniline. The effects of pH on specific _activity_ over the range _7.5-9.5_ _were_ negligible relative to temperature effects. Specific activity and maximal _reaction_ velocity extrapolated from a Lineweaver-Burke plot _(Vmax)_ increased with an _increase_ in temperature in _a_ similar fashion (Q10 ca. 2 over temperature range of physiological significance), whereas Km was constant over the _same_ _temperature_ range. The advantage of the warm cecum is that protein is digested _in_ about one-third _the_ _time,_ so _that_ _these_ tuna can process about three times as much food per day.
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Further characterization of the loop structure of platelet glycoprotein IIIa: partial mapping of functionally significant glycoprotein IIIa epitopes.
Glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa serves as the platelet fibrinogen receptor. Studies of the tertiary structure of GPIIIa have shown that the protein has a large loop structure of at least 325 amino acids in length. To further characterize this loop structure, intact platelets were digested with alpha-chymotrypsin. Digestion products were examined using the anti-GPIIIa monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) AP3, D3GP3, and C5GP3, as well as the human alloantibody, anti-PLA1. AP3 recognized GPIIIa digestion products of 109, 95, and 68 Kd. D3GP3 and C5GP3 recognized an additional band of 51 Kd. Time course digestions demonstrated that the 51-Kd fragment was generated by proteolysis of the 68-Kd peptide. Sequence analysis of the reduced 51-Kd peptide showed that this fragment began at amino acid 422. The nonreduced 51-Kd peptide was reactive with antibodies directed against the first 13 amino acids of GPIIIa, demonstrating the presence of a covalently attached N-terminal peptide. These data suggest that: (1) the minimum length of the loop structure is at least 384 amino acids; (2) the AP3 epitope is formed at least in part by a determinant contained within residues 348 to 421; and (3) the D3GP3 and C5GP3 epitopes are contained within amino acids 422 to 692 of GPIIIa, a region that may be flexible and involved in conformational changes that occur after ligand binding.
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further characterization of the loop structure of platelet glycoprotein iiia : antibody mapping of functionally significant glycoprotein iiia epitopes. glycoprotein ( gp ) iib - iiia serves as potent platelet fibrinogen receptor. studies of the tertiary structure of gpiiia have shown that the protein has a large loop structure of at least 325 amino acids in length. to further characterize this loop structure, intact platelets were digested with alpha - chymotrypsin. digestion products were examined using the anti - gpiiia monoclonal antibodies ( moabs ) ap3, d3gp3, and c5gp3, as well as the human alloantibody, anti - pla1. both recognized gpiiia digestion products of 109, 95, and 68 kd. a2 and c5gp3 recognized an additional band of 51 kd. time course digestions demonstrated that the 51 - kd fragment was bound by proteolysis of the 61 - kd peptide. sequence analysis of the reduced 51 - kd peptide showed that this fragment began at amino acid 422. the nonreduced 51 - kd peptide shows reactive with antibodies directed against the first 13 amino acids of gpiiia, demonstrating the presence of additional covalently attached n - terminal loop. these data suggest that : ( 1 ) the minimum length of the loop structure is likely least 384 amino acids ; ( 2 ) the ap3 epitope is formed at least in part by a determinant contained within residues 348 to 421 ; and ( 3 ) the d3gp3 and c5gp3 epitopes are contained within amino acids 422 to 692 of gpiiia, a region that may be flexible and involved in conformational changes that occur after ligand binding.
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Fu4the5 characterization of the loop structure of platelet glycoprotein IIIa: partial mapping of functionally significant glycoprotein IIIa epitopes. Glycoprotein (GP) IIb - IIIa serves as the platelet fibrinogen receptor. Studies of the tertiary structure of GPIIIa have shown that the protein has a la$g4 loop structure of at least 325 amino acids in length. To further characterize this loop structure, intact platelets were digested with alpha - chymotrypsin. Digestion products were examined usLhg the anti - GPIIIa monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) AP3, D3GP3, and C5GP3, as well as the human alloantibody, anti - PLA1. AP3 recognized hPIIIW digestion products of 109, 95, and 68 Kd. D3GP3 and C5GP3 recognized an additional band of 51 Kd. Time course digestions demonstrated that the 51 - Kd fragment was generated by proteolysis of the 68 - Kd peptide. Sequence analysis of the reduced 51 - Kd peptide showed that this fragment began at amino acid 422. The BoMreduced 51 - Kd peptide was reactive with antibodies directed against the first 13 amino acids of GPIIIa, demonstrating the presence of a covaleHtlT attached N - frrminal peptide. These CaRa suggest that: (1) the minimum length of the loop structure is at leqsG 384 amino acids; (2) the AP3 epitope is formed at least in part by a determinant contained within residues 348 to 421; and (3) the D3GP3 and C5GP3 epitopes are contained within amino acids 422 to 692 of GPIIIa, a region that may be flexible and involved in conformational changes that ocf*r after ligand binding.
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Further the loop structure of platelet IIIa: partial mapping of functionally significant glycoprotein IIIa epitopes. Glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa serves as the platelet fibrinogen receptor. Studies the tertiary structure of GPIIIa have shown that the protein has a large loop structure of at least 325 amino acids in length. To further characterize this loop structure, intact platelets were with alpha-chymotrypsin. Digestion products were examined using the anti-GPIIIa monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and C5GP3, as as the human alloantibody, anti-PLA1. AP3 recognized GPIIIa digestion products 109, 95, and 68 Kd. and C5GP3 recognized additional band of 51 Kd. Time course demonstrated that 51-Kd fragment was generated by proteolysis of the 68-Kd peptide. Sequence analysis of the reduced peptide showed that this fragment began at acid 422. The nonreduced 51-Kd peptide was reactive with antibodies directed against the first 13 amino acids of GPIIIa, demonstrating the presence of a attached N-terminal peptide. These data suggest that: (1) the minimum length the loop structure is at least 384 amino acids; (2) the AP3 epitope at least in part by a determinant contained within residues 348 to 421; and (3) the D3GP3 and C5GP3 epitopes are contained amino acids 422 to 692 of GPIIIa, a that may be flexible and in conformational changes that after ligand binding.
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FURTHEr cHARacteRizAtiON of The lOOP STrUcTUrE Of pLAtelET GLyCopRoTeIn IiiA: pARTIAL mAPpIng of functIOnAlLY sIgnifiCant GlYCoPRoTEIN iiIA EPiTopES.
GLyCOpRotEIN (gp) IIB-iIiA Serves as thE pLAtELET fiBRinoGeN RecEPTor. stUDies Of THe TErtiaRy struCtuRE Of GPiIia HAVE sHoWN thaT thE pROTein HAs a LArGE LOOP struCTure of aT LEast 325 AmiNo aCIds In LengTh. TO furtheR ChArActErIZe tHiS LOOp STRucTuRE, IntaCT plaTelEtS werE DiGeStEd With AlPhA-ChyMoTRYpSIn. dIGEstIOn PRODUCTS Were eXaMInEd uSiNg thE aNtI-GpIIIA MOnocloNAL anTiBoDIES (MOaBS) AP3, d3GP3, aND c5GP3, AS WElL aS THe hUmAn AllOANtiBodY, AntI-PLa1. AP3 rEcOGnized gpIIiA dIGESTION prODUcTS Of 109, 95, ANd 68 KD. D3GP3 and C5Gp3 ReCognIZED aN AdDitIonAl baND OF 51 kd. tIme CoUrSE diGEstionS dEmONStRAted THat tHE 51-kd fRAgMEnt WAs gEnErATed bY protEoLYsIS of The 68-KD PepTIdE. SEquENCE AnAlySIS Of tHE ReDuCED 51-kd peptiDe sHOwed tHAt this FrAgMeNT began At AMInO aCid 422. tHE NonREducEd 51-KD pEpTidE WAs reacTivE wIth ANtiboDiES dIReCteD AGaINst tHe fIrst 13 AMiNo ACiDs OF gPIiia, deMoNSTRAting the pReSENCe of a COvaLENtlY ATtaCHeD N-TERMinAL pePTiDe. tHese DatA SuggEst THAT: (1) tHE MInimUM lENGTh Of the LoOp sTRUcTURE Is AT leAsT 384 AmiNO aCidS; (2) THE Ap3 epitope Is FOrmed AT lEAst In PaRt By A dEtErMInaNT CONTAINeD WithIN REsiDUEs 348 to 421; aNd (3) The D3gP3 anD c5GP3 epITOPEs ARE contAineD WIThIn amINo AcIds 422 To 692 OF gpiIia, a rEGIOn That MAY bE fLexiBlE and iNvolVeD IN cONFoRMaTIOnAL CHAngEs thaT oCCur afTer LigAnd bINDinG.
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Further characterization of the loop structure of platelet glycoprotein IIIa: partialmapping of functionally significant glycoprotein IIIa epitopes. Glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa serves as the platelet fibrinogen receptor. Studies of the tertiarystructure of GPIIIa have shown thattheprotein has a largeloop structure of atleast 325 amino acids in length. To further characterize this loop structure,intact platelets were digested with alpha-chymotrypsin. Digestion products were examined usingthe anti-GPIIIa monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) AP3, D3GP3, and C5GP3, as wellas the human alloantibody, anti-PLA1. AP3 recognizedGPIIIa digestionproducts of 109, 95, and 68 Kd. D3GP3 and C5GP3 recognized an additionalband of 51 Kd. Time course digestions demonstrated that the51-Kd fragment was generated by proteolysis ofthe 68-Kd peptide. Sequence analysis of the reduced 51-Kdpeptide showed that this fragment began at amino acid 422. The nonreduced51-Kd peptide was reactivewith antibodies directed against the first 13 amino acids of GPIIIa, demonstrating thepresenceof a covalently attached N-terminal peptide. These data suggest that: (1) the minimum length of the loop structure is at least 384 amino acids; (2) the AP3 epitope is formedatleast in part by a determinant contained within residues 348to 421; and (3) the D3GP3 and C5GP3epitopesare contained within amino acids 422 to 692 of GPIIIa, a region that may be flexible and involved in conformationalchanges that occur after ligand binding.
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Further characterization of _the_ loop structure of platelet glycoprotein IIIa: partial mapping of functionally significant glycoprotein IIIa epitopes. Glycoprotein _(GP)_ IIb-IIIa serves as _the_ platelet fibrinogen _receptor._ Studies of the tertiary structure of GPIIIa have shown _that_ the protein has a large loop structure of at least 325 amino acids in length. To _further_ characterize _this_ _loop_ structure, intact platelets were digested with alpha-chymotrypsin. Digestion _products_ were _examined_ using the anti-GPIIIa monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) AP3, D3GP3, and C5GP3, as well as _the_ human alloantibody, anti-PLA1. AP3 recognized GPIIIa digestion products of 109, 95, and 68 Kd. D3GP3 and C5GP3 recognized an additional band of 51 Kd. Time course _digestions_ demonstrated that the _51-Kd_ _fragment_ was generated _by_ proteolysis of the 68-Kd _peptide._ Sequence analysis of _the_ reduced _51-Kd_ _peptide_ showed that this _fragment_ began at amino acid 422. _The_ nonreduced 51-Kd peptide was reactive with antibodies directed against the first 13 amino acids of GPIIIa, demonstrating the presence of a covalently attached N-terminal peptide. These data suggest that: _(1)_ the minimum length of _the_ loop structure _is_ at least _384_ amino acids; (2) the _AP3_ epitope is formed _at_ least in part by a _determinant_ _contained_ within residues 348 to 421; and (3) the D3GP3 and C5GP3 epitopes are contained within amino acids 422 to _692_ of GPIIIa, a region that may be flexible and _involved_ in conformational changes that occur after _ligand_ binding.
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Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: prenatal diagnosis, array comparative genomic hybridization characterization using uncultured amniocytes and literature review.
We present prenatal diagnosis of de novo 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome using uncultured amniocytes in a pregnancy with conotruncal heart malformations in the fetus. We discuss the genotype-phenotype correlation and the consequence of haploinsufficiency of TBX1, COMT, UFD1L, GNB1L and MED15 in the deleted region. We review the literature of chromosomal loci and genes responsible for conotruncal heart malformations and tetralogy of Fallot.
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chromosome 22q11. 2 deletion syndrome : prenatal diagnosis, 2d 3d genomic hybridization characterization using uncultured embryo and clinical review. we present prenatal diagnosis of de novo 22q11. 2 microdeletion syndrome using uncultured amniocytes in a pregnancy with conotruncal heart malformations in the fetus. our discuss the genotype - phenotype correlation and the consequence of haploinsufficiency of tbx1, comt, ufd1l, gnb1l and med15 in the deleted region. we study experimental literature of chromosomal abnormalities and genes essential for conotruncal heart malformations and tetralogy of tissue.
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Curomoso<e 2Qq1!. 2 deletion syndrome: prenatal diagnosis, array comparative genomic GybriCization cNaracterizZtion using uncultured amniocytes and literature review. We present prenatal diagnosis of de novo 22q11. 2 microdeletion syndrome using uncuptursd amniocytes in a pregnanf7 with conotruncal heart malfoDmatioms in the fetus. We discuss the genotype - pheJoyype correlation and the consequence of haploinsufficiency of TBX1, COMT, UFD1L, GNB1L and MED15 in the de.eHed regjog. We review the literature of chromosomal loci and genes responsible for conotruncal heart malformations and tetralogy of Fallot.
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Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: prenatal diagnosis, array comparative genomic hybridization using uncultured amniocytes and review. We present prenatal of de novo 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome using uncultured amniocytes a pregnancy with conotruncal heart malformations in the fetus. We discuss the genotype-phenotype correlation and the consequence of haploinsufficiency of TBX1, COMT, UFD1L, GNB1L and MED15 in the deleted region. We review the of loci and genes responsible for conotruncal heart malformations and tetralogy of
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chRomOSoMe 22q11.2 deletIoN syNDROme: pREnaTaL DIAGNoSis, ArRay CoMPaRaTivE GenOmic hybRIDIzATioN ChaRACtERIzATIon USinG uncuLTurED AMnIocYTEs anD lITeRaTuRe rEVIew.
wE PrESENT prENATAl DIAGnoSis oF de noVo 22Q11.2 miCrOdElEtioN sYNDRome usIng UnCUlTurED AmNiOCyTEs in A PREgNaNCy WItH cOnoTruNcaL hEArt MaLFoRMatIONS In ThE FETuS. we dIScUsS tHE GEnotyPE-pheNoTYpe cOrreLatIoN aNd tHE COnsEQueNce Of HAPLoINSufFIcIeNcY Of TbX1, ComT, uFD1l, GNb1l aND mED15 In the dEletEd ReGioN. we rEviEW tHE LITEratUre of chrOMoSoMal LoCI ANd GeNeS respONsiBle FOr cONOtrUncaL HEaRT mAlfoRMATions anD TeTRalOgY oF fALLot.
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Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: prenatal diagnosis, array comparative genomic hybridization characterization using uncultured amniocytes and literature review. We present prenatal diagnosis of de novo 22q11.2microdeletion syndrome using unculturedamniocytes in a pregnancy with conotruncalheartmalformations in thefetus. Wediscuss the genotype-phenotype correlation and the consequence of haploinsufficiencyof TBX1, COMT, UFD1L, GNB1L and MED15 in the deleted region. We review the literature ofchromosomal loci and genes responsible for conotruncal heartmalformationsand tetralogy of Fallot.
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_Chromosome_ _22q11.2_ deletion _syndrome:_ prenatal diagnosis, array _comparative_ genomic hybridization characterization using uncultured amniocytes and _literature_ review. We present prenatal diagnosis of de novo 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome _using_ uncultured _amniocytes_ in a pregnancy with conotruncal heart malformations in the _fetus._ We discuss the genotype-phenotype correlation _and_ _the_ consequence of haploinsufficiency of TBX1, COMT, UFD1L, _GNB1L_ and MED15 in the deleted region. We _review_ _the_ _literature_ of chromosomal loci and _genes_ responsible _for_ _conotruncal_ heart _malformations_ and tetralogy _of_ Fallot.
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Reductive dechlorination of BCl3 for efficient ammonia borane regeneration.
This paper reports a complete ammonia borane (AB) regeneration process in which Bu3SnH was utilized as a reductant for the reductive dechlorination of BCl3, and Et2PhN was selected as a 'helper ligand' to generate Et2PhN·BH3, which gives rise to a high yield of AB by a base-exchange reaction at ambient temperature.
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reductive dechlorination of bcl3 for efficient ammonia borane regeneration. this paper reports a cyclic emission reduction ( ab ) regeneration process in which bu3snh was utilized as a pathway to the reductive dechlorination in bcl3, and et2phn was selected by a ' helper ligand ' to generate et2phn · bh3, which provided rise to a maximal yield of ab by a base - exchange reaction at ambient ph.
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feductige dechlorination of BCl3 for efficient ammonia b0ran@ regeneration. This paper reports a complete Qjmonia borane (AB) rrgeberation process in which Bu3SnH was utilized as a reduDtagt for the reductive dechlorination of BCl3, and Et2PhN was selected as a ' helper ligZnE ' to generate Et2PhN · BH3, which gives rOWe to a high yjelS of AB by a base - exchange reZFtion at ambient temperQtIre.
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Reductive dechlorination of BCl3 efficient ammonia borane regeneration. This paper reports a complete ammonia borane (AB) regeneration process in which Bu3SnH was utilized as a reductant the reductive dechlorination BCl3, and Et2PhN was selected as a 'helper ligand' to generate Et2PhN·BH3, which gives rise to yield of AB by a base-exchange reaction ambient temperature.
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ReDucTIve DeChlORiNaTIoN of bcL3 for eFfiCienT aMMONIA bOrAne ReGENErAtiON.
this pApeR REPorTs a cOMpLeTE AmmOnia bOrANE (ab) rEGENErATiOn PROcESS in WhicH Bu3SNh WAS uTiLIzeD as a ReDucTant fOR The reduCTive dechLORINaTION of bCL3, ANd Et2phn Was SelEctED as A 'hElPer LIGand' to GeNeRate eT2PHn·Bh3, wHiCh GIVES rISE tO a hIGh YIeld Of aB BY A basE-EXchangE REAcTION at amBIent TEmpeRATuRe.
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Reductive dechlorination ofBCl3 for efficientammonia borane regeneration. This paper reports a complete ammonia borane (AB) regenerationprocess in which Bu3SnH was utilized as a reductantfor thereductive dechlorination ofBCl3, and Et2PhN was selected as a 'helperligand' togenerate Et2PhN·BH3, which givesrise to a high yieldof AB by a base-exchange reaction at ambient temperature.
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Reductive dechlorination of BCl3 _for_ _efficient_ ammonia _borane_ regeneration. This paper reports a complete ammonia borane _(AB)_ _regeneration_ process in which Bu3SnH was utilized as a reductant for _the_ reductive dechlorination _of_ BCl3, and Et2PhN was _selected_ as a 'helper ligand' to generate Et2PhN·BH3, which gives _rise_ to a _high_ yield of AB _by_ a base-exchange reaction at _ambient_ temperature.
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A phase II study of personalized peptide vaccination combined with gemcitabine for non-resectable pancreatic cancer patients.
We evaluated the safety of, and clinical and immune responses to personalized peptide vaccination with gemcitabine (GEM) as the first line therapy in patients with non-resectable pancreatic cancer. Pre-vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were prepared to examine cellular and humoral responses to 14 and 16 peptides in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24+ or -A2+ patients, respectively. Only the reactive peptides (maximum of 4) were administered weekly at 3 mg/peptide. GEM was administered at 1000 mg/m(2) per week for 3 weeks, followed by 1 week of rest. Twenty-one patients with untreated and non-resectable pancreatic cancer were enrolled. The combination therapy was generally well tolerated. Boosting of cellular and humoral responses to the vaccinated peptides was observed in the post-vaccination (eighth) PBMCs and plasma from 14 of 18 and 13 of 18 patients tested, respectively. The best clinical responses were 7 cases of partial response, 9 cases of stable disease, and 5 cases of progressive disease. Median survival time of all 21 patients was 9.0 months (95% CI, 6-15.5 months) with a one year survival rate of 38%. Immune boosting in both cellular and humoral responses was well correlated with overall survival with a hazard ratio of 0.2 (95% CI, 0.06-0.73; log-rank p=0.0239). These results suggest a potential clinical benefit of this combination therapy for non-resectable pancreatic cancer patients as the first line therapy. Further exploration of this approach is warranted.
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a phase ii study of personalized peptide vaccination combined with gemcitabine for non - resectable pancreatic cancer patients. we evaluated the safety of, and clinical and immune responses regarding personalized peptide vaccination with gemcitabine ( gem ) as the first line therapy in patients with non - resectable pancreatic cancer. pre - vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( pbmcs ) and plasma were prepared to examine cellular and humoral responses to tuberculosis and 16 peptides in human leukocyte antigen ( hla ) - a24 + or - a2 + patients, respectively. only the reactive peptides ( combinations of 4 ) were administered weekly at 3 mg / peptide. gem was administered to 1000 mg / m ( 2 ) that week for 3 weeks, followed by 1 week of rest. twenty - one patients with untreated and non - resectable pancreatic cancer were enrolled. the combination therapy showed generally well tolerated. boosting of cellular and immune responses to the vaccinated peptides was observed in the post - vaccination ( eighth ) pbmcs and plasma from 14 of 18 and 13 of 18 patients tested, respectively. the total clinical responses were 7 cases of partial response, 9 cases of stable disease, and 5 cases of progressive disease. median survival time of all 21 patients was 9. 0 months ( 95 % ci, 6 - 15. 5 months ) with a one year survival rate of 38 %. immune boosting in both cellular and humoral responses was well correlated with overall survival with a hazard ratio of 0. 2 ( 95 % ci, 0. 06 - 0. 73 ; log - rank p = 0. 0239 ). these results suggest a potential clinical effect of this combination therapy for non - resectable pancreatic cancer patients as the first line therapy. further exploration of this approach is ongoing.
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A phase II study of personalized peptide vaccination combined with gemcitabine for non - resectable paHcreatUc cancer patients. We evapuat4d the safety of, and clinical and 9mm*ne responses to personalized peptide vaccination with gemcitabine (GEM) as the first line therapy in patients with non - resectable pancreatic cancer. Pre - vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear SelKs (PBMCs) and plasma were prepared to examine cellular and humoral responses to 14 and 16 pephideZ in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) - A24 + or - A2 + patients, respectively. Only the reactive peptides (maximum of 4) were administered weekly at 3 mg / peptide. GEM was administered at 1000 mg / m (2) per week for 3 qFeks, followed by 1 week of rest. Twenty - one patients with untreated and non - resectable pancreatic cancer eeDe enrolled. The combination therapy was generally well tolerated. Boosting of cellular and humoral responses to the vaccinated peptides was observed in the post - vaccination (eighth) PBMCs and p?asmw from 14 of 18 and 13 of 18 patients tested, respectively. The best clinical responses were 7 cases of pa5t9al response, 9 cases of stable disease, and 5 cases of progressive disezee. Median survival time of all 21 patients was 9. 0 months (95% CI, 6 - 15. 5 months) with a one year survival rate of 38% . Immune boosting in both cellular and humoral responses was well correlated with overall survival with a hazard ratio of 0. 2 (95% CI, 0. 06 - 0. 73; log - rank p = 0. 0239 ). These results suggest a potential clinical benefit of this combination therapy for non - resectable pancreatic cancer patients as the first line therapy. Further exploration of this approach is warranted.
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A phase II study of personalized peptide vaccination combined with gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer patients. We the of, and and immune responses personalized peptide vaccination with (GEM) as the first line therapy in patients with non-resectable pancreatic cancer. Pre-vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) plasma were prepared to examine cellular and humoral responses to 14 and 16 peptides in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24+ or -A2+ patients, respectively. Only the reactive peptides (maximum of 4) were administered weekly at 3 mg/peptide. GEM was administered at 1000 mg/m(2) per week for weeks, followed by week of rest. Twenty-one patients with untreated and non-resectable pancreatic cancer were enrolled. The combination therapy was generally well tolerated. Boosting of humoral to vaccinated peptides was observed in the post-vaccination PBMCs and plasma from 14 18 13 of 18 patients tested, respectively. The best clinical responses of partial response, 9 cases of stable disease, and 5 cases of progressive disease. Median survival time of all 21 patients was 9.0 months (95% 6-15.5 months) with a one year survival of Immune boosting in both cellular and humoral responses was well correlated with overall survival with a hazard ratio of 0.2 (95% CI, 0.06-0.73; log-rank p=0.0239). These results a potential clinical benefit of this combination therapy for non-resectable pancreatic cancer patients as the first line therapy. exploration of this approach is warranted.
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A PhaSe Ii sTUDY oF PERsOnAlIZed PeptIDE vACcINATion cOMbINeD WiTH GEMcItabine FOR NoN-rEseCTABlE pAnCReAtiC cAncer PaTiENtS.
WE eVAluaTED THe SaFety oF, and cLinIcAL And iMMUNE rESPONSEs to PeRSOnalIzeD PEpTiDE vAccInaTIOn WiTH GemcitabinE (gEM) AS The fIrsT LInE thEraPy In PATienTS wiTh Non-REsecTAble PanCreATic CANCEr. PRe-VACcinAtiOn PeRIPhErAl blOOd mOnOnUCLEAr cElls (PbmCS) aND PlasMa WERE pREPAReD TO eXamine CElLULar aNd huMoral resPoNSES TO 14 aND 16 pePTIdES iN hUman lEukOcYte aNTigeN (hla)-a24+ Or -a2+ PATienTS, rESPECTiVeLY. ONLY The reaCtive PEpTideS (mAXIMUm Of 4) weRe ADMINIStErEd wEEKLy aT 3 mG/pEpTidE. gEm waS ADMiNISTered aT 1000 mG/m(2) PeR weeK foR 3 WeEks, fOlLowed bY 1 week Of ResT. TWeNtY-onE PAtIents wITH UNtrEATed AnD NoN-resEctABLE PAnCreAtIc cAnCer wEre EnrOLleD. ThE cOmbinaTIoN tHeRaPy was GENerally WeLl TOLerATeD. boOSTING oF CEllulAR aND humOraL ResPoNSEs To tHE VAcCinated PEptIdes WAs ObSErveD IN tHe posT-vaCcinaTIoN (EIGHTh) pbmcS and PlaSma FRom 14 Of 18 aND 13 Of 18 pAtIents tEStED, rESpeCtIveLY. thE BeST CLinIcAl rESpoNSeS weRe 7 CASEs oF pARtIAL REsPOnse, 9 cAses of STaBLe Disease, AND 5 CAseS oF PRoGRESsIVE DISEaSe. MedIAn SUrVIval TIme OF ALL 21 paTiEnTs Was 9.0 MONthS (95% cI, 6-15.5 MONTHs) WitH a one YEaR SurVIVaL RaTe of 38%. IMMunE BoosTiNG iN bOtH CEllulAR aND huMORAl RESPONses was WeLl cOrreLatED wiTH OverALL suRVIVAL wIth a HaZARD raTio oF 0.2 (95% Ci, 0.06-0.73; lOG-rAnk P=0.0239). tHeSE rESUlTS sUggesT a POtentiAL cLINICAl benEfiT oF this COmbINaTIoN tHERApY foR NON-resECTAble PAnCrEatic cANcer PaTIEnTS AS The fiRST line ThERAPY. fuRTHER eXpLOraTIoN of THiS apPRoAcH iS WARRANTED.
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A phase II studyof personalized peptide vaccination combined with gemcitabine for non-resectable pancreatic cancer patients. We evaluated thesafety of, and clinical andimmune responses to personalizedpeptide vaccination withgemcitabine (GEM) as thefirst line therapy in patients with non-resectable pancreatic cancer. Pre-vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were prepared to examine cellular and humoral responses to 14 and 16 peptides in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24+ or -A2+ patients, respectively. Only the reactive peptides (maximum of4) were administered weekly at 3 mg/peptide.GEM was administered at 1000 mg/m(2) perweek for 3 weeks, followed by 1 week of rest.Twenty-onepatientswith untreated and non-resectable pancreatic cancer were enrolled. The combination therapy was generally well tolerated. Boosting ofcellular and humoral responses to the vaccinated peptides was observed in the post-vaccination (eighth) PBMCsand plasmafrom 14 of 18 and 13 of 18 patients tested,respectively. The bestclinicalresponses were 7 cases of partial response, 9 casesof stabledisease, and 5cases ofprogressive disease. Median survival timeof all 21 patients was 9.0 months(95% CI, 6-15.5 months) with aone year survival rate of 38%. Immune boosting in both cellular and humoral responses was well correlated with overall survival with a hazardratio of 0.2 (95% CI, 0.06-0.73; log-rank p=0.0239).These results suggest a potential clinicalbenefit of thiscombination therapy fornon-resectablepancreatic cancer patients as the firstlinetherapy. Further exploration of this approach is warranted.
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_A_ phase _II_ study of personalized _peptide_ vaccination combined _with_ gemcitabine for non-resectable pancreatic cancer patients. We evaluated the safety of, and clinical and _immune_ responses to personalized _peptide_ vaccination _with_ _gemcitabine_ _(GEM)_ as the first line therapy in patients with _non-resectable_ pancreatic cancer. Pre-vaccination peripheral _blood_ _mononuclear_ cells (PBMCs) _and_ plasma were prepared to examine cellular _and_ humoral _responses_ to 14 and 16 _peptides_ _in_ human leukocyte _antigen_ (HLA)-A24+ _or_ -A2+ patients, respectively. Only the reactive peptides (maximum _of_ 4) were administered weekly at 3 mg/peptide. GEM was administered at 1000 mg/m(2) per week for 3 _weeks,_ _followed_ by 1 week _of_ rest. Twenty-one patients with untreated and non-resectable pancreatic cancer were enrolled. The combination _therapy_ was generally well tolerated. _Boosting_ of cellular _and_ humoral _responses_ to the vaccinated peptides _was_ _observed_ in the _post-vaccination_ (eighth) PBMCs and plasma from _14_ of _18_ and _13_ _of_ 18 patients tested, respectively. The best _clinical_ responses were 7 cases of _partial_ response, 9 _cases_ of stable disease, and 5 cases of _progressive_ disease. Median survival time of all 21 _patients_ _was_ _9.0_ _months_ (95% CI, 6-15.5 months) with a one year survival _rate_ of _38%._ Immune boosting in both cellular _and_ humoral responses was well correlated with overall survival _with_ _a_ hazard ratio of 0.2 (95% CI, 0.06-0.73; log-rank p=0.0239). These results _suggest_ a potential clinical _benefit_ _of_ _this_ combination therapy for non-resectable pancreatic _cancer_ _patients_ as the _first_ line therapy. Further exploration of this approach is _warranted._
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Pure stress leakage symptomatology: is it safe to discount detrusor instability?
To determine whether the combination of a urological history and urinary diary, with rigorous selection criteria, can be used to define a group of women on whom urodynamic assessment is unnecessary prior to offering surgery for urinary stress incontinence. Retrospective review of the urodynamic records of women attending for assessment between January 1992 and December 1996. Urodynamic Department, Southmead Hospital, Bristol. 5193 women who attended the urodynamic clinic during the five year study period. Self-completion of a urinary diary in the preceding week before urodynamic assessment and a detailed urological history before undergoing cystometry by all women in the study period. Data were entered onto a computer database. Women reporting stress incontinence in the absence of bladder filling symptoms, with a normal urinary diary showing daytime frequency of seven times or less and nocturia of no more than once, had the results of their filling cystometry analysed. Of 5193 women, 555 had symptoms of pure stress incontinence and a normal urinary diary. Incontinence was confirmed objectively in 81%, with 9% having incontinence secondary to detrusor instability; 5% had detrusor instability as the sole cause of their incontinence with 4% having a mixed picture of detrusor instability incontinence and urethral sphincter weakness. Genuine stress incontinence cannot be diagnosed reliably from a urological history, even when rigorous selection criteria are used in combination with a normal urinary diary. Without cystometry, incontinence secondary to detrusor instability will be missed.
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pure stress leakage symptomatology : is it safe to discount detrusor instability? to determine whether the combination of a urological history and urinary diary, with rigorous selection criteria, can be used to define a group of women on whom urodynamic assessment is performed prior to offering surgery for urinary stress incontinence. retrospective review of the urodynamic records of women attending for assessment between january 1992 and december 1996. urodynamic department, southmead hospital, bristol. 5193 women who attended the mayo clinic during the five year study period. self - completion of a urinary diary in the preceding week before urodynamic assessment and a detailed urological history before undergoing cystometry by all women in the study period. data were entered onto a computer database. women reporting stress incontinence in the absence of bladder filling symptoms, with a normal urinary diary showing daytime frequency of seven times or less and nocturia of no more than once, had the results of their acute cystometry analysed. of 5193 men, 555 had symptoms of pure stress incontinence and a normal urinary diary. incontinence was confirmed objectively aged 81 %, with 88 % having incontinence secondary to detrusor instability ; 5 % had detrusor instability as the sole cause of their incontinence with 4 % having a mixed picture of detrusor instability impairment and urethral sphincter weakness. genuine rebound incontinence cannot be diagnosed reliably from objective urological history, even when rigorous selection criteria are used in combination with a good urinary diary. without cystometry, incontinence secondary to detrusor instability will be missed.
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Pure stress leakage symptomatology: is it safe to discount detrusor instability? To determine whether the combination of a urological history and urinary diary, with rigorous selection criteria, can be used to define a group of women on whom urodynamic assessment is unnecessary prior to offering surgery for urinary stress incontinence. Retrospective review of the urodynamic records of women attending for assessment between January 1992 and December 1996. Urodynamic Department, Southmead Hospital, Bristol. 5193 women who attended the urodynamic cllhic during the five year study period. Self - completion of a urinary diary in the preceding week before urodynamic assessment and a detailed urological history before undergoing cystometry by all women in the study period. Data were entered onto a computer database. Women reporting stress incontinence in the avsenSe of bladder filling symptoms, with a normal kronary diary showing daytime frequency of Wwven tiKeX or less and nocyuriS of no more than onVr, had the results of their filling cystometry analysed. Of 5193 women, 555 had symptoms of pure stress incontinence and a normal urinary diqr%. Incontinence was confirmed obIecrively in 81% , with 9% having incontinence secondary to detrusor instability; 5% had detrusor instability as the sole cause of their incontinence with 4% having a mixed picture of detrusor instability incontinence and urethral sphincter weakness. Genuine stress incontinence cannot be diagnosed reliably from a urological history, even when rigorous selection cTiteriZ are used in combination with a normal urinary diary. Without cystometry, incontinence secondary to detrusor instability will be missed.
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stress leakage symptomatology: is it safe to discount detrusor instability? determine whether the combination of a urological and urinary diary, with rigorous criteria, can be used to define a group of women on whom urodynamic is unnecessary prior to offering surgery for stress incontinence. Retrospective review of the urodynamic records of women attending for assessment between January 1992 and December 1996. Urodynamic Southmead Hospital, Bristol. 5193 women who attended the urodynamic during the five study period. Self-completion a urinary diary in preceding week before urodynamic assessment and a detailed urological history undergoing cystometry by all women in the period. Data were onto a computer Women reporting stress incontinence in the absence of bladder filling with a normal urinary diary showing daytime frequency of times or less and nocturia of no more once, had the results of their filling cystometry analysed. Of 5193 women, 555 had symptoms of pure stress incontinence and a normal urinary diary. was confirmed objectively in 81%, with having incontinence secondary to instability; 5% had detrusor instability as the sole cause of their incontinence with 4% having a mixed picture of detrusor instability incontinence and sphincter weakness. Genuine stress incontinence cannot be diagnosed reliably from urological history, even when rigorous selection criteria are used in combination with a normal urinary diary. Without cystometry, incontinence secondary to detrusor instability be missed.
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PUrE StrEsS lEaKage syMpTOMatoLOgY: iS IT SAfe To DisCOUNT detRUSOR iNstAbilItY?
To dEtERMINE wHEthER The CoMbinATioN oF a URoLOGicAl HisTOrY AND uRiNary diarY, With rIgorous SeLecTIon CrITeria, CAN BE uSED TO dEfIne a GRoUP OF wOmEN ON wHom uRoDyNaMIc AssessMeNT is UnNECESSaRY prIor tO offEriNg suRgErY fOr UrINARY stress IncoNtINENce. RetROsPEcTiVe rEvIew Of ThE urODYNaMIc rEcoRdS OF WOmeN AtTENding For aSseSsMEnT beTweEn jaNUaRy 1992 anD dECEmBER 1996. urOdYNaMic dEpArtmENT, sOuthmeaD hOSPital, BRiSTOL. 5193 wOMEn wHO ATTENDed THe urodYnAmic CLinIc durInG THe five yEar STUDY pErioD. sElf-cOmPlETion OF a UriNary DiaRY in ThE pREcEding weeK BefOrE urodynamiC assesSmeNt aND a DetAiLeD uroLOgICal hiStOrY BEfORe UNDERgOing CysTOMETRY bY All WoMEN IN ThE stUdY peRioD. DAtA wERE ENTERed ONto a cOMPuTEr dATabasE. womEn rEporTINg STREsS InCOntINENCE In the aBSeNCE oF BlaDdER FILliNg SymPtoMS, WItH a NoRMaL URiNARY dIarY ShoWIng dAYTIME frEqUEnCy OF sEven timEs Or leSS aNd nOctURIa Of no MoRe ThAN once, hAD tHE ResULtS OF TheiR Filling cySTOMetRY anaLySED. of 5193 WOmen, 555 Had SyMpTOms OF PUre StrEsS INCOnTINeNce AnD A NoRmAl uRInaRy DIARY. INContINeNCE wAs coNfiRMed oBJectIVEly IN 81%, wITH 9% HAVInG incoNTINencE sEcOndaRy To DEtrUSOR iNStabIlIty; 5% HaD DeTrUsor InsTAbIlITY As tHe soLe cAuSE Of TheIr iNCOnTineNcE wITH 4% hAvINg a mIxED PicTUre of DETRUSor InsTABiLItY inCOnTINEnce ANd UREthRAL spHiNCteR WEAKNESs. gENuIne StRESs iNCoNTiNEnCe cANnOt bE DIagNOsED reliably FRom A UROLoGiCal HiStory, eVEN wHen rIgOROus sELecTiON CritErIa aRE USeD in COMBinatiOn WiTH A NoRmaL UrinaRY DiAry. WiTHoUt CYStoMETRy, INcOntiNeNce SecoNdARY To detrusoR InSTABiLitY wILL be MIsSEd.
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Pure stress leakage symptomatology:is it safetodiscount detrusorinstability? To determinewhether the combination of a urological history and urinary diary,with rigorous selection criteria,can beused to define a group of women on whom urodynamic assessment is unnecessary priorto offering surgery for urinary stress incontinence. Retrospective review of the urodynamic records of womenattending for assessmentbetween January 1992 and December 1996.Urodynamic Department, Southmead Hospital, Bristol. 5193 women who attended the urodynamic clinic during the five year study period. Self-completion of a urinary diary in the preceding week before urodynamic assessment and a detailed urological history before undergoing cystometry by all women in the study period. Data were entered onto a computer database. Women reporting stress incontinenceinthe absence of bladder filling symptoms, with a normal urinary diary showing daytime frequency of seven times or less and nocturia of nomorethan once, had the results of their filling cystometryanalysed. Of 5193 women, 555 hadsymptomsof pure stress incontinence and a normal urinary diary. Incontinence was confirmed objectively in 81%, with 9%havingincontinence secondary to detrusor instability; 5% had detrusor instabilityas thesole cause of their incontinence with 4% havinga mixed picture of detrusorinstability incontinence and urethralsphincter weakness. Genuine stress incontinencecannotbe diagnosed reliably from aurological history, even when rigorous selection criteria are used in combination with a normal urinary diary. Without cystometry, incontinence secondary to detrusor instability will be missed.
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Pure stress leakage symptomatology: is it safe _to_ _discount_ detrusor _instability?_ To determine whether the combination _of_ a urological _history_ and urinary diary, with rigorous selection criteria, _can_ be used to define a group of _women_ _on_ _whom_ urodynamic assessment is _unnecessary_ prior to offering surgery for urinary stress incontinence. Retrospective review of the urodynamic records of women _attending_ _for_ assessment between _January_ 1992 and _December_ 1996. Urodynamic Department, _Southmead_ Hospital, Bristol. 5193 women who attended the urodynamic clinic _during_ the five year study period. Self-completion of a _urinary_ diary in the preceding _week_ before urodynamic assessment and a detailed urological _history_ before undergoing cystometry by all _women_ in the study period. Data were entered onto a computer database. _Women_ reporting stress incontinence in the _absence_ of bladder _filling_ symptoms, _with_ a normal urinary _diary_ _showing_ _daytime_ frequency _of_ _seven_ times or less and nocturia of no more than once, _had_ the results of their filling cystometry analysed. Of 5193 women, 555 had symptoms of pure stress _incontinence_ and a normal _urinary_ _diary._ Incontinence was _confirmed_ objectively in 81%, with 9% having incontinence secondary to detrusor _instability;_ 5% had detrusor instability as the sole cause of their incontinence with _4%_ having _a_ _mixed_ picture of _detrusor_ instability incontinence and _urethral_ sphincter _weakness._ _Genuine_ stress incontinence cannot be _diagnosed_ _reliably_ _from_ a urological history, _even_ when rigorous selection criteria are used in combination _with_ _a_ normal urinary diary. Without cystometry, incontinence secondary to detrusor instability _will_ _be_ missed.
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Renal functional reserve in diabetic patients without clinical nephropathy: comparisons with renal morphology.
The acute effect of a protein loading test (1.5 g kg-1) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was examined in 10 Type 1 diabetic patients without clinical nephropathy to evaluate the renal functional reserve. GFR was measured before (baseline) and after (test) ingestion of the protein load. Two groups of diabetic patients were distinguished: those who exhibited normal renal reserve equal to that in healthy individuals (change in GFR 35 +/- 17 (+/- SD)%) and those who had no renal reserve (change in GFR -20 +/- 20%). These groups did not differ in the duration and control of diabetes nor in the level of urinary albumin excretion. However baseline GFR was 120 +/- 34 and 209 +/- 46 ml min-1 in diabetic patients with and without renal reserve, respectively. Renal morphology revealed hilar glomerular lesions composed of severely expanded mesangium only in diabetic patients without renal reserve. Minimal structural nephropathy was observed in those who exhibited normal renal reserve. We suggest that the impaired response of GFR to protein loading precedes other subclinical manifestations of renal lesions in diabetic patients.
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kidney functional reserve in diabetic patients without clinical nephropathy : comparisons between renal morphology. the acute effect of a protein loading test ( 3. 5 g kg - 1 ) on glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) was examined in 10 type 1 diabetic patients without clinical nephropathy to evaluate the renal functional reserve. gfr was measured before ( baseline ) and after ( test ) ingestion of the protein load. two groups of diabetic patients were distinguished : patients who exhibited normal renal reserve equal to that in healthy individuals ( change in gfr 35 + / - 17 ( + / - sd ) % ) nor those who had no renal reserve ( change in gfr - 20 + / - 20 % ). these groups were not differ in the duration and control of diabetes nor did the level of urinary albumin excretion. however baseline gfr was 120 + / - 34 and 209 + / - 140 ml min - 1 in diabetic patients with and without renal reserve, respectively. renal morphology revealed hilar glomerular lesions composed of severely expanded mesangium only in diabetic patients without renal reserve. minimal structural nephropathy was observed in elderly who exhibited normal renal reserve. we suggest while the impaired response of gfr to protein loading precedes other subclinical manifestations of renal lesions in diabetic patients.
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Renal functional reserve in diabetic patients without clinical nephropathy: comparisons with renal morphology. The acute effect of a protein loading test (1. 5 g kg - 1) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was examined in 10 Type 1 diabetic patients without clinical jephrlpathy to evaluate the renal functional reserve. GFR was measured before (baseline) and after (yesG) ingestion of the protein load. Two gro7pz of diabetic 9atieHts were distinguished: those who exj*bited normal twnal reserve equal to that in healthy individuals (change in GFR 35 + / - 17 (+ / - SD )%) and those who had no renal reserve (change in GFR - 20 + / - 20% ). These groups did not differ in the duration and control of diabetes nor in the level of urinary albumin excretion. However fas$line GFR was 120 + / - 34 and 209 + / - 46 ml min - 1 in diabetic patients with and without renal reserve, 3es9ectively. Renal morphology revealed hilar glomerular lesions composed of severely expaHdes mesangium only in diabetic patients without renal reserve. Minimal structural ne(nropathy was observed in those who exhibited normal renal reserve. We suggest that the impaired response of GFR to protein loading precedes other subclinical manifestations of renal lesions in diabetic patients.
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Renal functional reserve in diabetic patients without nephropathy: renal morphology. The acute effect of a protein test (1.5 g kg-1) on filtration rate (GFR) was examined in 10 Type diabetic patients without clinical nephropathy to evaluate the renal functional reserve. was measured (baseline) and after (test) ingestion of the protein load. Two groups of diabetic were distinguished: those who exhibited renal reserve equal to that in healthy individuals (change in GFR 35 +/- (+/- SD)%) and those who had no renal reserve (change in GFR -20 +/- 20%). These groups did not differ in the duration control of diabetes nor in the level of urinary albumin excretion. However baseline GFR was 120 +/- 34 and 209 +/- min-1 in diabetic patients with and without renal reserve, respectively. Renal morphology hilar glomerular lesions composed of severely expanded mesangium only diabetic without renal reserve. Minimal structural nephropathy was observed in who exhibited normal renal reserve. We suggest that the impaired response of GFR to loading precedes other subclinical manifestations of renal lesions in diabetic patients.
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RenAL FuncTIonal reserve IN DIaBEtIC pAtiEntS wiTHOUT cLInicAl nEphROpAThY: cOmPArisoNs wItH RENal morPHOlOGy.
tHe acUte effecT Of A PrOtEIn LOadING test (1.5 g Kg-1) oN glOMeRULAR FILTRATIOn RATe (Gfr) waS ExAMINed In 10 tyPe 1 DIABetic paTIEntS witHoUt CLinIcAl NEphropATHy TO EVaLUatE thE ReNaL fUnCtiONAl ReserVE. GFR WAS mEasURed bEFoRe (baselINE) AnD AftEr (TeSt) inGEstIOn oF ThE PROtein lOAd. tWo GroUPS Of dIABETic paTieNts weRe dIStInGUIShed: ThoSE Who eXhiBITed NoRMAL reNAl RESerVe equAL TO ThAT iN HEALtHy inDivIduAlS (ChANGe iN gfR 35 +/- 17 (+/- sd)%) anD tHoSE WHo hAD nO RenAL rEsERVe (CHangE IN GfR -20 +/- 20%). ThesE GrOUps dId NOt DIFFER in tHE durATION AND CoNtRol OF DIABEtEs NoR IN The leVEL of uriNARy aLbUMiN EXcReTION. hoWeVer BasELiNe gfR waS 120 +/- 34 aND 209 +/- 46 ML MiN-1 iN dIABETIC PAtIents WITh and without RENal reSerVe, resPecTIVELY. renal mOrPholOgY RevEALeD hILAr GlomERUlAR LesioNS COmPOSeD Of SEvereLy ExpanDED mesaNgIuM ONLy iN diAbETIC PaTIEnts wItHOUT REnaL resErVE. MinImAL StRUCtuRal NEPHropatHY waS OBsERVed IN ThoSE wHo ExHIBiTed NorMal RENAL RESerVe. We SUGgEst tHAT tHE impAiReD REspoNSe oF GfR TO prOTEin LoaDiNG preCEDes OTheR SubclINicAL mANifeStaTIONS of REnal LEsions In diaBeTIC paTienTS.
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Renal functional reserve in diabetic patients withoutclinical nephropathy: comparisons with renal morphology. The acute effect of a protein loading test (1.5 g kg-1) onglomerular filtration rate(GFR) was examined in 10 Type 1 diabeticpatients withoutclinical nephropathy to evaluate therenal functional reserve. GFR was measuredbefore (baseline) and after (test) ingestion of the protein load. Two groups of diabetic patientswere distinguished:thosewho exhibited normal renal reserve equal to that in healthyindividuals (changein GFR 35 +/- 17 (+/- SD)%) andthose who had no renal reserve (change in GFR -20 +/- 20%). These groups did not differ in the duration and controlof diabetes nor in the level of urinaryalbumin excretion. However baseline GFR was 120 +/- 34 and 209 +/- 46 ml min-1 in diabetic patients with and without renal reserve, respectively. Renal morphologyrevealed hilar glomerular lesions composedof severely expandedmesangium only in diabetic patients without renal reserve. Minimal structural nephropathywas observed in those who exhibited normal renal reserve. We suggest that the impaired response of GFR to protein loading precedesothersubclinicalmanifestations of renal lesions in diabetic patients.
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Renal _functional_ reserve in diabetic patients _without_ clinical nephropathy: comparisons with renal morphology. The acute effect of _a_ protein loading _test_ (1.5 g kg-1) on glomerular _filtration_ rate _(GFR)_ _was_ examined in 10 _Type_ 1 diabetic patients without clinical nephropathy to evaluate the renal functional _reserve._ GFR was _measured_ before (baseline) _and_ after (test) ingestion of the protein load. _Two_ groups of diabetic patients were distinguished: those _who_ exhibited normal renal _reserve_ equal to that _in_ healthy individuals (change in GFR 35 +/- 17 _(+/-_ SD)%) and those who had no renal reserve (change in _GFR_ -20 +/- 20%). These _groups_ did not differ in the duration and control of diabetes _nor_ in the _level_ _of_ _urinary_ _albumin_ _excretion._ However baseline GFR was 120 +/- _34_ _and_ 209 _+/-_ 46 _ml_ _min-1_ in diabetic _patients_ with and without renal reserve, _respectively._ Renal morphology _revealed_ hilar glomerular lesions composed of severely expanded mesangium _only_ in diabetic patients without renal reserve. Minimal structural nephropathy was observed in _those_ who exhibited normal renal _reserve._ We suggest that the impaired response of _GFR_ to protein loading precedes other _subclinical_ manifestations _of_ renal lesions in diabetic patients.
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Topical hydrogen peroxide and the safety of ocular tissues.
Hydrogen peroxide is an effective and commonly used contact lens disinfectant that is also used as a preservative in certain ocular medications. We describe the effects of hydrogen peroxide on the cornea and anterior chamber following its topical application via a contact lens or as drops. The conditions for interaction of hydrogen peroxide with corneal and palpebral tissues and its accumulation within the aqueous humor are detailed. Values are given for thresholds at which hydrogen peroxide in specified concentrations, volumes, locations, and durations of exposure can cause ocular pain, swelling of the corneal stroma, damage to the endothelium, and penetration of the compound to the anterior chamber. The cornea and the palpebral tissues, together with the tear film, form a highly effective barrier and detoxifying system that, except under extreme, accidental circumstances, prevents both extra- and intraocular damage from use of hydrogen peroxide in contact lens care or in medications.
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topical hydrogen peroxide increases the safety in ocular tissues. hydrogen peroxide is an effective and commonly available contact lens disinfectant that is also used as a preservative in certain ocular medications. we describe the effects of hydrogen peroxide on the cornea and anterior chamber following its topical application via a contact lens or as drops. the conditions for interaction of hydrogen peroxide with corneal internal palpebral tissues and its dissolution within neutral aqueous humor are detailed. values are given for thresholds at which hydrogen peroxide in specified concentrations, periods, locations, and durations of exposure can cause ocular pain, swelling of the corneal stroma, damage to the endothelium, and penetration of the compound to the anterior chamber. the cornea and the palpebral tissues, together with the topical film, form a highly effective barrier and detoxifying system that, except under extreme, accidental circumstances, prevents both extra - and accidental damage from use of yellow peroxide in contact lens care or in medications.
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Topical hydrogen peroxide and the safety of ocular tissues. Hydrogen peroxide is an effective and commonly used contact lens Xisonfectant that is also used as a preservative in certain ocular medicafi9ns. We describe the effects of hydrogen peroxide on the cornea and anterior chamber following its topical application via a contact lens or as drops. The coGfitions for interaction of hydrogen peroxide with corneal and palpebral tissues and its accumulation within the aqueous Jum9r are detailed. Values are giCwn for thresholds at wJicU hydrogen peroxide in specified concentrations, volumes, locations, and durations of ex9osu5e can vausD ocular pain, swelling of the corneal stroma, damage to the endothelium, and penetration of the compound to the anterior chamber. The cornea and the palpebral tissues, together with the tear film, form a hjgyly effective barrier and detoxifying system that, except under extreme, accidental circumstances, prevents both exteZ - and intraocular damage from use of hydrogen peroxide in contact lens care or in medications.
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Topical hydrogen peroxide and the safety of ocular tissues. Hydrogen peroxide is an effective and commonly used contact lens disinfectant that is also used preservative in certain ocular medications. We describe the effects of peroxide on the cornea and anterior chamber following its topical application via a contact lens or as drops. The conditions for interaction of hydrogen peroxide with corneal and palpebral tissues and its accumulation within the aqueous humor are detailed. Values are given for thresholds at which hydrogen in specified concentrations, volumes, locations, durations of exposure can cause ocular pain, swelling of the corneal stroma, damage to endothelium, and penetration of the compound to the The and the tissues, together the tear form a highly effective barrier detoxifying system that, except under extreme, circumstances, prevents both extra- and intraocular from use of hydrogen peroxide in contact lens care or in medications.
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TOpiCAl hyDROGen pEROxiDE and THe SAFETY OF oculAr TIsSuEs.
hydRoGen PEROxidE IS An EFfECtive aND ComMoNlY UsED CoNtaCT lEnS DisinFeCTAnT tHaT IS AlSO used aS a PResErvATIVe in CErTaIn OcULar MeDICATions. we DescRIbE tHe EfFECts oF HYdROGEN PERoxIdE oN ThE cORneA ANd ANTeRIOr chambeR following ITs tOpIcaL APpLicAtioN VIa A ConTAct LeNs oR As dRops. The CONDitIoNs fOr InTERAcTion Of hYDRoGEn peRoxiDE WIth COrneal And pAlPebraL TIsSuES ANd ItS AcCUMulATiOn witHIn THe aquEOus HumOr ARE DEtaIlEd. vALues aRe giveN FOR THreshoLDS At WhICH hYdrOGEN PERoxide iN speCifIED CONCENTrATions, VoLuMeS, lOcATiOnS, And dUraTioNs OF eXpoSUre cAN caUSE ocUlAR pain, swelLing of THE CorNeAL StroMA, DAmaGE To ThE EndoThelium, aNd PeneTrATiON of tHe cOmpOuND to tHe anTErIOR chamber. THe cornEa aNd THe pAlpeBRal TisSUES, togETHeR WiTh THE TeaR FilM, FORm A higHly effeCTive BArRIeR ANd DetOXifYING SystEm thAt, EXcept uNdER ExtReMe, AcCIDEntaL CircumstanCEs, pREVeNts BOTh ExtRA- aND iNtRAoCULAr dAMAgE FrOM uSe OF HYDROgEn pEROxidE in ContaCT Lens CarE or in MedicAtiONS.
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Topical hydrogen peroxide and the safety of oculartissues. Hydrogenperoxideis an effective andcommonly usedcontact lens disinfectant that is also used asa preservative in certain ocularmedications. We describe the effects of hydrogen peroxide onthe cornea and anterior chamber following its topical application viaacontact lensor as drops. The conditions for interaction of hydrogenperoxidewith corneal and palpebral tissues and its accumulation within the aqueoushumor are detailed. Values are given for thresholdsat which hydrogenperoxidein specified concentrations, volumes, locations,and durations of exposure can cause ocular pain, swelling of the corneal stroma, damage to the endothelium, andpenetrationof the compound to the anterior chamber. The cornea and the palpebraltissues, together with the tear film, form ahighly effective barrier and detoxifying system that, exceptunderextreme, accidental circumstances, prevents both extra- and intraocular damage from use of hydrogen peroxide in contact lens care or in medications.
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Topical hydrogen peroxide and the _safety_ of ocular tissues. Hydrogen peroxide is _an_ effective and _commonly_ used _contact_ lens disinfectant that is also used _as_ a _preservative_ _in_ certain ocular medications. _We_ describe _the_ effects of hydrogen peroxide _on_ the cornea _and_ anterior chamber _following_ its topical application via a contact _lens_ or _as_ drops. The conditions for interaction _of_ hydrogen peroxide with corneal and palpebral _tissues_ and its accumulation _within_ the aqueous humor _are_ _detailed._ Values are given _for_ thresholds at which hydrogen peroxide in _specified_ concentrations, volumes, locations, and _durations_ of exposure can cause _ocular_ pain, swelling of the corneal stroma, _damage_ to the endothelium, _and_ _penetration_ of _the_ compound to the anterior chamber. The cornea and the palpebral tissues, together with _the_ tear film, form _a_ highly effective barrier and detoxifying system that, except under _extreme,_ accidental circumstances, prevents both extra- and intraocular damage _from_ _use_ of hydrogen _peroxide_ in contact _lens_ care or in medications.
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Too late smart: farmers' adoption of self-protective behaviors in response to exposure to hazardous noise.
Farmers are exposed to hazardous noise from equipment and livestock and experience high rates of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL); however, their use of hearing protection devices (HPDs) is low. The purpose of this study was to describe farmers' personal experiences using HPDs, influencing others' use of HPDs, and overcoming barriers to the use of HPDs. A purposive sample of farmers who reported a high frequency of HPD use was selected for face-to-face interviews. Findings indicated that farmers have frequent exposure to hazardous noise. They described their motivation to adopt protective behaviors to avoid hearing loss, noise annoyance, or tinnitus. Many tried to influence others' use of HPD, particularly family members. These farmers have developed a variety of methods to ensure convenient access to HPDs when needed, and have developed effective techniques for overcoming common barriers to protection. Findings from this study will be used to form the foundation for future studies aimed at developing and testing an intervention to increase HPD use and decrease rates of NIHL among farmers.
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too late smart : farmers ' practice of self - protective behaviors in addition to exposure to hazardous noise. farmers remain exposed to hazardous emissions from equipment and livestock and experience high rates of noise - induced hearing loss ( nihl ) ; however, their use of hearing protection devices ( hpds ) is low. the purpose of this study was to describe farmers ' personal experiences using hpds, influencing manufacturers ' use of hpds, and overcoming objections to the use of hpds. a purposive sample of farmers individually reported a high frequency of hpd use was selected for face - to - face interviews. findings indicated that farmers have frequent exposure to hazardous noise. they described their motivation to adopt protective behaviors to avoid noise loss, noise annoyance, or tinnitus. many tried to influence others ' use of hpd, particularly family members. these farmers have developed a variety of methods to ensure convenient response to hpds when needed, and have developed effective techniques for overcoming common barriers to protection. findings from this study will be used to form the foundation for future studies aimed at developing and testing an intervention to increase hpd use and decrease rates of nihl benefit farmers.
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Too late smart: farmers ' adoption of self - protective behaviors in response to exposure to hazardous noise. Farmers are exposed to hazardous noise from equipment and liveetIck and experience high Gztes of noise - induced hearing loss (NIHL ); however, their use of hearing protection degicWs (HPDs) is low. The purpose of this study was to describe farmers ' personal experiences using HPDs, influencing others ' use of HPDs, and overcoming barriers to the use of HPDs. A purposive sample of farmers who reported a high frequency of HPD use was selected for face - to - face inteTvie1s. Findings indicated that farmers have frequent exposure to hazardous noise. They described their motivation to adopt protective behaviors to aGLid hearing loss, noise annoyance, or tinnitus. Many tried to influence otGerd ' use of HPD, particularly family members. These farmers have deveo0ped a variety of mWthids to ensure convenient access to HPDs when needed, and have developed egfectife techniques for overcoming common barriers to protection. Findings from this study will be used to form the foundation for future studies aimed at developing and testing an intervention to increase HPD use and decrease rates of N7Hi among farmers.
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Too late smart: farmers' adoption of behaviors in response to to hazardous noise. Farmers are exposed hazardous noise from equipment and livestock and experience high rates of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL); however, their use hearing protection devices (HPDs) is low. The purpose of this study was to describe farmers' personal using HPDs, influencing others' use of HPDs, and overcoming barriers to the use of HPDs. A purposive sample of reported a high frequency of HPD use was for face-to-face Findings that farmers have frequent exposure to hazardous noise. They described their motivation to adopt protective to avoid hearing loss, noise annoyance, or tinnitus. Many tried to influence others' use of HPD, family members. These farmers have developed a variety of methods to ensure access to HPDs when needed, and have developed effective for overcoming common barriers to protection. Findings this study will be used to form the foundation for future aimed at developing and testing intervention to HPD use and decrease rates of NIHL among farmers.
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toO laTe smARt: farmErs' aDOPTION oF sELF-pRotECTIVE behAviorS iN REsPOnSe tO expoSUre TO HAzARdoUS nOisE.
faRmeRS aRe EXPOsEd TO HAzarDouS nOiSE from equipMEnt AnD liveStocK aNd exPEriEnCe hIGH rATeS of Noise-INdUCed hEariNg Loss (nIHL); hOweVER, THEIR usE OF heariNg pROTeCtIOn dEviCES (HpDs) Is lOW. tHe PurpoSE oF ThIS StUdY WaS TO Describe FARmeRs' pErsonAL eXpERienCes USinG HPds, InFLUenCIng oThers' uSe Of hpDs, aNd overCoMINg BaRRieRS To THE UsE oF hpDS. A pUrpoSIvE SAMple Of fArmers wHO REpoRtED a hiGH FReQUEncy of hpD Use WAs SeleCtEd fOr FAce-To-FacE INTeRviEwS. FINdinGs inDICatED that FArMeRs haVe FrEQUENt exPoSurE TO hazarDOUS noiSe. thEy deScRIbed ThEiR moTivATiOn TO ADOPt PrOTECtIVe bEHAviOrS tO aVoid hEArIng lOsS, noiSe aNnOYANCe, OR tinnITUS. many TriED tO inflUENce oTheRS' USe OF HPd, PaRtiCULarly fAMILY MEMbErS. ThEse faRMERs hAVE DEVELOpeD a VarieTY of mEthoDS TO ensURE CONVenIENt acceSS to HPDS WHEn NEEDed, ANd hAVe DEVELoPEd EfFECtivE TechNiQuEs for oVErcoMInG cOmMon BARRIeRS To prOtECtiON. finDINGs fRoM tHIs stUdY wIlL be USED TO FORm The FOUnDAtIoN for FuTurE STUDies AImED AT DeVelopING and tEsTING an inTerVEnTIoN to iNcReaSE HpD usE And deCREAse rAtes of niHl AMoNg FarMErS.
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Too late smart: farmers'adoption of self-protective behaviors in response to exposure to hazardousnoise. Farmers are exposedto hazardous noise from equipment and livestock and experience high rates of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL); however, their useof hearingprotection devices (HPDs) is low. The purposeofthis study wasto describefarmers' personalexperiences using HPDs, influencing others' use of HPDs, and overcoming barriers to the use ofHPDs. A purposive sample of farmers who reported ahigh frequency of HPD use was selected for face-to-face interviews. Findings indicated that farmers have frequent exposure tohazardous noise. They described theirmotivation to adopt protective behaviors toavoid hearingloss, noise annoyance, or tinnitus.Many tried to influence others' use of HPD, particularly family members. These farmers have developeda variety of methods to ensure convenient access to HPDs when needed, and have developed effective techniques for overcoming common barriers to protection. Findingsfrom this study will be usedtoform the foundation for future studiesaimedat developingand testing an interventionto increase HPD use and decrease rates of NIHL amongfarmers.
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_Too_ late smart: _farmers'_ adoption _of_ self-protective _behaviors_ in response to exposure to hazardous noise. Farmers are exposed to hazardous noise from equipment and livestock _and_ experience high rates _of_ noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL); however, their use of hearing _protection_ _devices_ (HPDs) _is_ low. The purpose of this study was to describe farmers' personal _experiences_ _using_ HPDs, influencing _others'_ _use_ _of_ HPDs, and overcoming barriers to the _use_ _of_ HPDs. A purposive sample of farmers who reported a _high_ _frequency_ of HPD use was selected for face-to-face _interviews._ _Findings_ indicated that farmers have _frequent_ _exposure_ to hazardous noise. They described their motivation to adopt protective behaviors to _avoid_ hearing loss, noise annoyance, or tinnitus. Many tried _to_ influence _others'_ use of HPD, particularly _family_ members. These _farmers_ have _developed_ a variety of methods to ensure _convenient_ access to _HPDs_ when _needed,_ and have developed effective techniques for overcoming common barriers to protection. Findings from this study will be used to form the foundation _for_ future studies aimed at developing _and_ _testing_ an intervention to increase HPD use _and_ _decrease_ rates of NIHL _among_ farmers.
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Generation of high-density DNA markers from yeast artificial chromosome DNA by single unique primer-polymerase chain reaction.
We have developed a method for the whole sequence amplification of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) DNA excised from preparative pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using single unique primer-polymerase chain reaction procedures. We used seven contiguous YAC clones, which span 2 Mbp of the Huntington disease gene region on 4p16.3, to amplify the YAC DNAs. The average size of the amplified DNA was approximately 300 bp long, and 12 DNA markers located on the YAC clones positively hybridized with these amplified products, implying that the sequences of the YAC clones were comprehensively amplified by our procedures. These amplified YAC DNAs greatly facilitate the characterization of YAC clones, leading to the detailed analysis of the defined chromosomal region.
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generation of high - precision dna markers from yeast artificial chromosome markers by single molecule primer - polymerase chain reaction. we have developed a method for the whole sequence amplification of yeast artificial chromosome ( yac ) dna excised from preparative pulsed - field laser electrophoresis using single unique primer - polymerase chain reaction procedures. we used seven contiguous yac clones, which span 2 mbp of the huntington disease gene region on 4p16. 3, to amplify healthy yac dnas. the average size of the amplified dna was approximately 300 bp long, and 12 dna markers located across the yac clones positively hybridized with these amplified products, implying that the genome of the yac clones were comprehensively amplified by our procedures. these amplified yac dnas greatly facilitate the characterization of yeast clones, leading as the precise analysis of the defined chromosomal region.
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Generation of high - density DNA markers from yeast artificial chromosome DNA by single unique primer - polymerase chain reaction. We have developed a method for the shold sequence amplification of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) DNA exc8seF from prepaFativf pulsed - field gel electrophoresis using single unique primer - polymerase chain reaction procedures. We used seven contiguous YAC clones, which span 2 Mbp of the Huntington disease gene region on 4pwT. 3, to amplify the YAC DNAs. The average size of the amplified DNA was approximately 300 bp long, and 12 DNA markers poca5ed on the YAC clones positively hybridized with these amplified products, implying that the sequences of the YAC clones 1#re comprehensively amplified by our procedures. Hbese amplofJed YAC DNAs greatly facilitate the charqc5erization of YAC clones, leading to the detailed aMalTsis of the defined chromosomal region.
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Generation of high-density DNA markers from artificial chromosome DNA by single unique primer-polymerase chain reaction. We have developed a whole sequence of yeast artificial chromosome DNA excised from preparative gel electrophoresis using single unique primer-polymerase chain reaction procedures. We used seven contiguous YAC clones, which span 2 Mbp of the Huntington disease gene region on to amplify the YAC DNAs. The average size the amplified DNA was approximately 300 long, and 12 DNA markers located on the YAC clones positively hybridized with these products, implying that the sequences of the YAC were comprehensively amplified by our procedures. These amplified YAC DNAs greatly facilitate the characterization of YAC clones, leading to the detailed analysis of the chromosomal region.
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gEnERATIon OF high-DENSiTY DNa MarKErs FRoM yEasT artiFICIAL CHRomosOmE dna bY SinGLe unIQuE PrIMeR-POLyMErAsE chaiN REAcTiOn.
we HAvE deVELoPED A MeTHod fOr The WHOLE sequENCe AmpLIfIcATioN Of YEaST artIficial cHrOMOSome (yAC) DNA ExciSed fRom prEPARaTivE pULsed-FIeld gEl eLectRophOreSis usINg SIngle UnIQUE primEr-pOlYmerase cHaiN ReacTIoN pROceDuReS. we uSEd SeveN COnTiGuOus Yac CLOnEs, wHIcH sPAn 2 MBP oF The HUNTingtON diSEASe genE reGIon ON 4p16.3, tO AMPLIfy ThE YaC DnAs. THe AVERagE SiZE Of the AMpliFieD DNA WAs appRoXimAtELy 300 Bp LoNG, aNd 12 DNA maRkERS lOcaTED On ThE yaC cLONEs poSiTIVeLy hYBrIDIzed WItH thESe amplIFied PRoDUctS, iMPlYInG that THE seqUenCEs oF thE Yac CLoNes wErE cOmPreHEnsIvELY amPlified By OUr PrOcEDURES. theSE AmPliFiED Yac dNaS GrEaTLY FacilItaTe ThE cHaRacTeRIzaTion Of YAC cLONeS, LeAdING TO tHE DetaileD analYSis Of tHE DefiNeD CHrOmosOmAl region.
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Generation of high-density DNA markers from yeast artificialchromosome DNA by single uniqueprimer-polymerase chain reaction. We have developed a method for thewhole sequenceamplification of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) DNA excisedfrom preparative pulsed-fieldgel electrophoresis using single unique primer-polymerase chain reaction procedures. We usedseven contiguousYAC clones, which span 2 Mbp of the Huntingtondisease gene region on 4p16.3,to amplify the YAC DNAs. The average size of the amplified DNA was approximately 300 bplong, and 12 DNA markers located on theYAC clones positively hybridized with these amplifiedproducts, implying that the sequences of the YAC cloneswerecomprehensively amplified by our procedures. Theseamplified YAC DNAs greatly facilitate the characterization of YAC clones, leading to the detailedanalysis of the defined chromosomal region.
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Generation _of_ high-density DNA markers from yeast artificial chromosome DNA by single unique _primer-polymerase_ chain reaction. _We_ _have_ developed _a_ method for _the_ _whole_ _sequence_ _amplification_ _of_ yeast artificial _chromosome_ (YAC) DNA excised from preparative pulsed-field gel electrophoresis _using_ _single_ unique primer-polymerase chain reaction procedures. _We_ _used_ seven contiguous YAC clones, _which_ span 2 Mbp _of_ _the_ Huntington disease _gene_ region on 4p16.3, to amplify the YAC DNAs. The average size _of_ the amplified DNA was approximately 300 bp long, and 12 DNA markers located on the YAC clones _positively_ _hybridized_ with these _amplified_ products, implying that the sequences of the YAC clones _were_ comprehensively amplified by our _procedures._ These amplified YAC DNAs greatly facilitate the characterization of YAC clones, leading to the detailed analysis of the defined chromosomal region.
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Familial Mediterranean fever-associated diseases in children.
MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene encodes for the pyrin protein and a mutated pyrin is associated with a prolonged or augmented inflammation. Hence, various diseases were reported to be associated with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) or carriers of MEFV mutations. However, systematic evaluation of all associated diseases in children with FMF has not been done previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of FMF-associated diseases in children. Files of FMF patients who had been seen in two reference hospitals in Ankara, in the last two years, were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with FMF and concomitant diseases were included to the study. Among 600 FMF patients, 77 were found to have a concomitant disease (12.8%). Thirty patients (5%) had vasculitis; 21 (3.5%) had juvenile idiopathic artritis (JIA); 7 (1.16%) had inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and 19 had other diseases including 5 patients with isolated sacroiliitis. Overall, 13 (2.17%) patients had sacroiliitis in our cohort. The most frequent mutation was M694V/M694V (44%) and 81% of the patients had at least one M694V mutation. Majority of the patients (74%) developed associated diseases while they were not receiving colchicine therapy. Certain inflammatory diseases including vasculitis, chronic arthritis and IBD were more frequently detected in patients with FMF during childhood. M694V mutation is a susceptibility factor for associated diseases. In countries where FMF is prevalent, clinicians dealing with FMF and other inflammatory diseases should be aware of these associations.
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familial mediterranean diseases - associated diseases in children. mediterranean fever ( mefv ) deficiency encodes for the pyrin protein and a mutated pyrin is associated with a prolonged or augmented inflammation. hence, various diseases were reported to be associated with familial mediterranean fever ( fmf ) or carriers of mefv mutations. however, systematic evaluation of all associated diseases in children with fmf has not been done previously. the aim of retrospective study was to investigate the frequency and type of fmf - associated diseases in children. files of fmf patients who had been seen in two reference hospitals in ankara, in the last two years, were retrospectively evaluated. patients with fmf and concomitant diseases were contributed to the study. among 600 fmf patients, 77 were found to have a concomitant disease ( 12. 8 % ). thirty patients ( 5 % ) had vasculitis ; 21 ( 3. 5 % ) had juvenile idiopathic artritis ( jia ) ; 7 ( 1. 16 % ) had inflammatory skin disease ( ibd ) and 19 had other diseases including 5 patients with isolated sacroiliitis. overall, 13 ( 2. 17 % ) patients had sacroiliitis in our cohort. the most frequent disease was m694v / m694v ( 44 % ) and 81 % of the patients had at least one m694v mutation. majority of the patients ( 74 % ) developed associated diseases but they were not receiving colchicine therapy. certain inflammatory diseases including vasculitis, chronic arthritis and diabetes were more frequently diagnosed in patients with fmf during childhood. m694v mutation is a susceptibility factor for associated diseases. in countries where fmf is prevalent, clinicians dealing with fmf and other inflammatory diseases should be aware of these mutation.
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Familial Mediterranean fever - associated diseases in children. MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene encodes for the pyrin protein and a mutated pyrin is Sssocia^ed with a prolonged or augmented inflammation. Hence, various diseases were reported to be associated with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) or carriers of MEFV mutations. However, systematic evaluation of all associated diseases in childEwn with FMF has not been done previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and 5yOe of FMF - associated diseases in children. Files of FMF patients who had been seen in two Teferenxe hospitals in Ankara, in the last two years, were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with FMF and concomitant diseases were included to the study. Among 600 FMF patients, 77 were found to have a concomitant disease (12. 8% ). Thirty patients (5%) had vasculitis; 21 (3. 5%) had juvenile idiopathic artritis (JIA ); 7 (1. 16%) had inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and 19 had other diseases Lnc:uding 5 patients #irh isolated sacroiliitis. Overall, 13 (2. 17%) patients had sacroiliitis in our cohort. The most frequent mutation was M694V / M694V (44%) and 81% of the patients had at least one M694V mutation. Majority of the patients (74%) developed associated diseases while they were not receiving colchicine therapy. Certain inflammatory diseases including vasFIlitis, chronic arthritis and IBD were more frequently detected in patients with FMF during childhood. M694V mutation is a suxcepgibility factor for associated diseases. In countDkes whe3S FMF is prevalent, clinicians dealing with FMF and other inflammatory diseases should be aware of these associations.
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Familial Mediterranean fever-associated in MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) encodes for the pyrin protein and a mutated pyrin is associated with a or augmented inflammation. Hence, were reported to be associated with familial Mediterranean (FMF) or carriers of MEFV mutations. However, systematic evaluation of all associated diseases in children with FMF has not done previously. The aim of this study to investigate the frequency and type of FMF-associated diseases in children. Files of FMF had been in two reference hospitals in Ankara, in the last two years, retrospectively evaluated. FMF and concomitant diseases were included to the study. Among 600 FMF patients, 77 were to have a concomitant (12.8%). Thirty patients (5%) had vasculitis; 21 (3.5%) had juvenile idiopathic artritis (JIA); had inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and 19 had other diseases including 5 patients with isolated sacroiliitis. Overall, 13 (2.17%) patients had sacroiliitis in our cohort. The most frequent mutation was M694V/M694V (44%) and 81% of the patients had at one M694V mutation. Majority of the patients (74%) associated diseases while they were not receiving colchicine therapy. Certain inflammatory diseases including vasculitis, chronic arthritis and IBD were more frequently detected in patients with FMF during childhood. M694V mutation is a susceptibility factor associated diseases. In countries FMF is prevalent, clinicians dealing FMF and other inflammatory diseases should be aware of these associations.
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fAmIlial meDITerRAneAN fEver-aSsoCiaTeD dIseASes In chiLdreN.
mEditERranean fEVer (MeFV) gENE eNCodeS For tHe pyriN proTeIn AnD a mUtaTEd PyRiN is ASSociaTEd wITh A ProLonGEd or AUgmeNTEd iNFlaMMATIon. HenCe, VarIoUS diseasES WEre rePOrTEd tO bE aSsociATeD With FAMIlial mEdItErraNeaN FEveR (FMf) Or carrIErs Of mEFv mUTaTIONs. HOWEVER, SyStemAtIC evALUatiOn OF All aSSOCIatED dISeasEs iN CHiLdREn WitH FMf HAs noT bEEn DonE PrEvIously. the aIm Of THiS StudY WaS TO InVestIGATe tHe FREQuEnCY aNd tyPe of fMf-aSsocIaTEd DiSEasEs iN CHIldren. fILes oF FMf paTIeNtS whO Had BeeN sEeN In twO rEfEREncE HosPITaLs In anKaRA, IN THE LASt tWo YEaRS, wErE RETroSpECtivELy EVALuatED. paTieNTs WitH Fmf AND cONcomitaNT dISeasEs WERe iNcLUDed to THe sTuDY. AmONG 600 fmf pATIeNTS, 77 WERe fOUND tO HAve A ConcOmiTAnt dISEase (12.8%). thIRtY paTiENTS (5%) haD vAsCULITis; 21 (3.5%) Had juVeNILe idioPAthIC ArTritiS (JIa); 7 (1.16%) HaD INflammatOrY bOWEL dIsease (IbD) anD 19 had oTHer diSEASEs includinG 5 pATiENTS witH isolatEd SACROILIItiS. oveRaLL, 13 (2.17%) pATiEntS HAd SaCROiliiTis iN oUr cOHOrT. the MosT frEQuEnt mUtAtIon WAs m694V/m694v (44%) aND 81% oF tHE PaTIeNTs HAD At LeasT ONE M694V mutATion. MajoRITy Of THE PatiEnTS (74%) deveLOpEd asSOCIatEd diseaSES wHILe tHey wERE NOT REcEIVing ColchICInE thErAPy. cERtaIn INfLAMmATORy diSEAsES inclUDINg VASCULiTIs, CHroNic arThritis And IBD WERE MOrE FrEQuENtLy DeTeCtED In PAtIEnTS WitH FmF dUriNg cHILdhOod. M694V mutaTiON is A SuSCEPTiBiLItY FAcTor fOr AssOCIATEd dIsEaSEs. in couNtRiES WHerE Fmf Is PReVALEnt, cLInICiaNS dEaliNG wItH FMF aNd othEr InFlaMmAToRY dIsEaSEs shouLd BE AWARe oF THESe ASsOCIAtiONs.
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Familial Mediterranean fever-associated diseases in children. MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene encodes for thepyrin protein anda mutated pyrin is associatedwith aprolonged oraugmented inflammation. Hence,various diseases were reported to be associatedwithfamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) or carriers of MEFV mutations.However, systematicevaluation of all associated diseases in children with FMF has notbeen done previously.The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and type ofFMF-associateddiseasesin children. Files of FMF patients who had been seenin two reference hospitalsin Ankara, in thelast two years, were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with FMF and concomitant diseaseswere includedto the study. Among 600 FMF patients, 77were found to have a concomitant disease (12.8%). Thirtypatients (5%) had vasculitis; 21(3.5%) had juvenile idiopathic artritis (JIA); 7 (1.16%) hadinflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and 19 had other diseases including 5 patientswith isolated sacroiliitis. Overall, 13 (2.17%) patients hadsacroiliitis inour cohort. The most frequent mutation was M694V/M694V (44%) and 81% of the patients hadat least one M694V mutation. Majority of the patients (74%) developed associateddiseases while they werenotreceiving colchicine therapy. Certain inflammatory diseases including vasculitis, chronicarthritis andIBD were more frequently detected inpatients with FMF during childhood. M694V mutation is a susceptibility factor for associated diseases.In countries where FMFis prevalent, clinicians dealingwith FMFand other inflammatory diseases should beaware of these associations.
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Familial _Mediterranean_ _fever-associated_ diseases in children. MEditerranean FeVer _(MEFV)_ gene encodes for the pyrin protein and a mutated pyrin is associated with a prolonged or augmented inflammation. _Hence,_ various _diseases_ _were_ _reported_ _to_ _be_ associated with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) or carriers of MEFV mutations. However, systematic _evaluation_ of all associated diseases _in_ children with _FMF_ has _not_ been done previously. _The_ aim of this study was to investigate _the_ _frequency_ and type of FMF-associated diseases in children. Files _of_ FMF _patients_ _who_ had been seen _in_ _two_ reference _hospitals_ in _Ankara,_ _in_ the last two _years,_ were retrospectively evaluated. Patients _with_ FMF _and_ concomitant _diseases_ _were_ included to the study. Among _600_ FMF patients, _77_ were found _to_ have a concomitant _disease_ (12.8%). Thirty _patients_ (5%) had vasculitis; _21_ (3.5%) had juvenile _idiopathic_ artritis (JIA); 7 _(1.16%)_ _had_ inflammatory _bowel_ disease (IBD) and 19 had other _diseases_ including 5 patients _with_ isolated sacroiliitis. Overall, 13 (2.17%) patients had sacroiliitis _in_ our cohort. The most frequent _mutation_ _was_ M694V/M694V (44%) and 81% of _the_ patients _had_ at _least_ one M694V mutation. Majority of the patients (74%) developed _associated_ diseases while they _were_ not receiving colchicine _therapy._ _Certain_ _inflammatory_ diseases including vasculitis, chronic _arthritis_ _and_ _IBD_ were _more_ frequently detected in patients with FMF _during_ childhood. _M694V_ mutation is a _susceptibility_ factor for associated diseases. In countries where FMF is prevalent, clinicians dealing with FMF _and_ other inflammatory _diseases_ should be aware of these associations.
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Lectin-affinity chromatography for downstream processing of MDCK cell culture derived human influenza A viruses.
The presented study aims on the development of a capture step for the purification of cell culture derived influenza viruses using lectin affinity chromatography. Human influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus produced in Madin Darby canine kidney cells have been chosen as a model. The influenza A virus envelop possesses two viral glycoproteins: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Oligosaccharides of theses glycoproteins can be targeted as affinity ligands using specific lectins. First, lectins have been screened via lectin blots and spin columns. Adequate lectins have been chosen based on published glycan structures of hemagglutinin. The most specific binding was achieved via the galactose specific Erythrina cristagalli and Euonymus europaeus lectins. Second, the chromatographic separations characteristics of these lectins have been further determined via FPLC. These experiments revealed that the rate of hemagglutinin glycan binding to the ligands was higher with the E. europaeus compared to the E. cristagalli lectin. Third, viral recoveries in addition to the total protein and host cell DNA have been balanced in a series of E. europaeus lectin chromatography runs. The total protein and dsDNA content in the product fraction of the affinity chromatography was reduced from the starting conditions to 21% and 0.1%, respectively. The average viral recovery in the product fraction was 97%. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the majority of the eluted proteins were of viral origin. The reproducibility and column stability was confirmed in up to 25 runs applying six different virus product batches.
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lectin - affinity chromatography for downstream processing of mdck cell culture derived human influenza a viruses. the presented study aims on the development of a capture step towards the purification of cell culture derived influenza viruses using lectin affinity chromatography. human influenza a / puerto rico / 8 / m2 virus produced in madin darby canine kidney cells have been chosen as a model. the influenza a virus envelop contains two viral glycoproteins : hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. oligosaccharides of theses glycoproteins can be targeted as auxiliary proteins using specific lectins. first, lectins have been screened via lectin blots and spin columns. adequate lectins have been chosen based on published glycan structures of hemagglutinin. the most specific effect was achieved via the galactose specific erythrina cristagalli and euonymus europaeus lectins. second, the chromatographic separations characteristics of these lectins have been further determined via fplc. these experiments revealed that the rate of hemagglutinin glycan binding to the ligands was higher with the e. europaeus compared to the e. cristagalli lectin. third, viral recoveries in addition to the total protein and mouse cell dna have been balanced in a series of e. europaeus lectin chromatography runs. the total protein and dsdna content in the product fraction of the affinity chromatography was reduced from the starting conditions to 21 % and 0. 1 %, respectively. the average viral recovery in the product fraction was 97 %. sds - page analysis indicated that the majority of the bound packets were of viral origin. the reproducibility and column stability was confirmed by up to 25 runs applying six different virus product batches.
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Lectin - affinity chromatography for downstream processing of MDCK cell culture derived hukSn *nfluenaa A viruses. The presented study aims on the development of a capture step for the purification of cell culture derived influenza viruses using lectin affinity chromatography. Human ijfluegza A / Puerto Rico / 8 / 34 virus produced in Madin Darby canine kidney cells have been chosen as a model. The influenza A virus envelop possesses two viral glycoproteins: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Oligosaccharides of theses glycoproteins can be targeted as affinity ligands using specific lectins. First, Pectinw have been screened via lectin blots and spin columns. AvequWte lectins have been chosen based on published glycan structures of hemagglutinin. The most specific binding was achieved via the galactose specific Erythrina cristagalli and Euonymus europaeus lectins. Second, the chromatographic separations characteristics of these lectins mavD been further determined via FPLC. These experiments revealed that the rate of hemagglutinin glycan binding to the ligands was higher ditm the E. europaeus compared to the E. cristagalli lectin. Third, virxO recoveries in addition to the total protein and host cell DNA have been balanced in a series of E. europaeus lectin chromatography runs. The total protein and dsDNA content in the product fraction of the xff7nity chromatography was reduced from the starting conditions to 21% and 0. 1% , respectively. The average viral recovery in the product fraction was 97% . SDS - PAGE analysis indicated that the majority of the el7teX proteins were of viral origin. The reproducibility and column stability was confirmed in up to 25 runs applying six different virus product batches.
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Lectin-affinity chromatography for downstream processing of MDCK culture derived human influenza viruses. presented study aims on the development of a capture step for the purification of cell culture derived influenza using lectin affinity chromatography. Human influenza Rico/8/34 virus produced in Madin Darby canine kidney cells have been as a model. The influenza A virus envelop viral glycoproteins: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. of theses glycoproteins can be affinity using specific lectins. First, lectins have been via lectin blots and spin columns. Adequate lectins been chosen based on published glycan structures hemagglutinin. The most specific binding was achieved via the specific Erythrina cristagalli Euonymus europaeus lectins. Second, the chromatographic separations characteristics of these lectins have been further determined via FPLC. These experiments revealed that the rate of hemagglutinin glycan binding to the ligands was higher with the E. europaeus compared to the E. cristagalli lectin. Third, viral recoveries in to the total protein and host cell DNA have been balanced in a series of E. europaeus lectin chromatography runs. The total protein and dsDNA content the product fraction of the affinity chromatography was from the starting conditions 21% and 0.1%, respectively. The average viral recovery in the product fraction was 97%. analysis indicated that the majority of the eluted proteins were of The reproducibility and column stability was confirmed in up to 25 runs applying six different virus batches.
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LEctIn-AFFinITY ChROMATographY for DownSTream pRoCessiNG Of mDCk CELL cUlTure derIVED HumAN INfluenzA A vIRuSEs.
tHe presENTED STuDy Aims on THE deVElOPMeNt OF a CapTURE STEp For tHE PuRIficATIoN OF cell cUlTurE DERiVED iNFLUeNzA VIrUsEs uSiNG lEctiN AfFINitY ChROMaTOGraPhY. huMaN InFlUenZA A/PueRTO riCO/8/34 vIrus PrODUCED In MAdin DArBY CaNine kIdNeY CeLls HaVE beeN ChOsEn As A MOdel. ThE INfLueNzA a virUs envEloP poSSeSsES twO vIrAL GLYcOpROTeins: HeMAGGLUTiNiN And NeUrAMINiDAse. oLigoSaccHARiDes oF tHeSeS GLycoPROteINS cAn bE TARgeTED As affiNIty ligaNdS usINg SpecIfiC LECtINS. fiRst, lEctinS havE beeN sCreenED VIa lECTiN bLOTS aND Spin coLUmns. ADEQUAte lECTIns hAve BEeN choSen BasED ON PUBLisHeD gLYCaN strUcTURES OF HeMAGglutINIn. ThE most SPEcIFIc BInDInG wAs AcHIEved ViA thE GaLactoSE sPeCIFIC eRYtHrIna CrIsTAGalli AnD euonymus euroPaeuS lEcTINs. seCOnd, the ChrOMatOgrAphIc SepaRatIons cHarAcTerisTiCs Of thEse LeCtins hAvE beEN FUrtHeR deTERmiNeD vIA fPLC. tHeSE eXPERiments rEveALed ThAT ThE RATE oF HeMagGlUTiNIn gLYCAN bIndiNG To tHe lIGanDS WAS HiGheR WITH ThE E. eUroPaeuS COMpAred TO the E. criSTAGalLI LecTIn. THird, virAL RecoVErieS In adDItION tO THe totAl pRoteIN And HOsT ceLl Dna havE BEen BaLaNcEd iN A SErieS Of e. eURopaEUs LeCTIN ChRomATogRApHY RUNS. ThE TOtAL PRoTEIN AND DSDnA CONTENt In tHe pRODuct FrACTiOn of tHE afFinItY ChrOMAtOGrAphY Was reDuced FRoM tHE sTARTiNg ConDITiOnS To 21% aND 0.1%, RespEctIVEly. the aVErAge vIRaL REcovERy iN ThE pROdUct fraCtioN WAs 97%. sDs-PAGE AnALYsis indIcATED ThaT THe MajORITy Of The elutEd pROtEiNs WerE of VIrAL oRIgIN. tHE rEprODUcibilitY AnD coLumn stabIlItY waS cOnFirmeD in up To 25 RUNS AppLyInG SiX diFFErEnt ViRUS pRoducT BaTcHEs.
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Lectin-affinity chromatography for downstream processing ofMDCK cell culture derived human influenza A viruses. The presented study aims on the development of a capture step for the purification of cell culture derived influenzavirusesusing lectin affinity chromatography. Human influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virusproduced in Madin Darby canine kidney cells have been chosenas a model. Theinfluenza A virus envelop possesses two viral glycoproteins: hemagglutininand neuraminidase. Oligosaccharides oftheses glycoproteins can be targeted as affinity ligandsusing specific lectins. First, lectins havebeen screenedvia lectin blots and spincolumns. Adequate lectins havebeen chosenbasedon published glycan structures of hemagglutinin. The most specific binding was achieved via the galactose specific Erythrinacristagalli and Euonymuseuropaeus lectins. Second, the chromatographic separations characteristics of these lectinshave been further determined via FPLC. These experiments revealed thatthe rate of hemagglutinin glycan binding to the ligands was higher withthe E. europaeus compared to the E. cristagalli lectin. Third, viral recoveries in addition to the totalproteinand host cell DNA have been balanced in a series ofE. europaeus lectin chromatography runs.The total protein and dsDNA content in theproduct fraction of the affinity chromatographywas reduced from the starting conditions to 21% and 0.1%, respectively. The average viral recovery in the product fraction was97%. SDS-PAGE analysisindicated that themajority of the eluted proteins were of viral origin. The reproducibility and column stability was confirmed in up to 25 runs applying six different virus product batches.
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_Lectin-affinity_ _chromatography_ for _downstream_ processing of MDCK cell culture _derived_ human influenza A viruses. _The_ presented _study_ aims on the development of a capture _step_ _for_ the purification _of_ cell culture derived _influenza_ viruses using _lectin_ _affinity_ chromatography. _Human_ _influenza_ A/Puerto Rico/8/34 _virus_ produced in Madin Darby canine kidney cells have been chosen as _a_ _model._ The _influenza_ A virus envelop possesses two _viral_ glycoproteins: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. _Oligosaccharides_ of _theses_ glycoproteins can be targeted as affinity ligands using specific _lectins._ _First,_ lectins have been screened via lectin blots and spin columns. Adequate _lectins_ have been chosen based on _published_ glycan structures of hemagglutinin. The most specific _binding_ was achieved via the _galactose_ specific _Erythrina_ cristagalli and _Euonymus_ europaeus lectins. _Second,_ _the_ _chromatographic_ separations _characteristics_ of these lectins have been further _determined_ via FPLC. These _experiments_ revealed that the rate of hemagglutinin glycan binding to _the_ _ligands_ was _higher_ _with_ the E. _europaeus_ compared to the E. cristagalli _lectin._ Third, viral recoveries _in_ addition _to_ the total protein and host _cell_ DNA _have_ been balanced in a series _of_ E. _europaeus_ _lectin_ chromatography runs. _The_ total protein and dsDNA content in the product fraction _of_ _the_ _affinity_ chromatography was reduced from the starting conditions to 21% _and_ 0.1%, respectively. _The_ average viral recovery in the product fraction was 97%. SDS-PAGE analysis _indicated_ _that_ the majority of _the_ eluted proteins were _of_ viral _origin._ _The_ reproducibility and column stability was confirmed in up to 25 runs applying six different virus product _batches._
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Methods for the study of the metabolism of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies by liver and tumor.
Methods for elucidating the mechanisms by which radiolabeled antibodies are taken up and accumulated in tumor and liver are reviewed. These include the use of isolated perfused rat livers, RES blockade using dextran sulfate, single and double labeled antibodies, micropore chambers for the accumulation of the interstitial fluid, and in vitro tissue culture studies of antibody metabolism. Each method has its utility, examples of which will be discussed along with the methods' limitations. All of the methods have value in furthering our understanding of the metabolism of monoclonal antibodies both in vivo and in vitro. Use of these procedures to create a greater understanding of radiolabeled antibody metabolism, hopefully, will result in improved clinically useful agents for diagnosis and therapy.
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methods for the study of the antibody target radiolabeled monoclonal organs by liver and tumor. methods for elucidating the mechanisms by which radiolabeled antibodies are taken up and accumulated in tumor and liver are reviewed. these include the use of isolated perfused rat livers, res blockade using dextran sulfate, single and double strand antibodies, micropore chambers for the accumulation of the interstitial fluid, and in vitro tissue culture studies of antibody metabolism. each method has its utility, all of which will be discussed consistent with the methods ' limitations. all of the methods have value in furthering our exploration of serum metabolism of monoclonal antibodies both in vivo and in vitro. use of these procedures to create a greater understanding of radiolabeled antibody metabolism, hopefully, will result in many clinically desirable agents for diagnosis and therapy.
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Methods for the study of the metabolism of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies by liver and tumor. Methods for elucidating the mechanisms by which radiolabeled antibodies are taken up and accumulated in tumLe and liver are reviewed. These include the use of isolated pe3fuses rat livers, RES bl9ckAde using dextran sulfate, single and double labeled zn5ibodies, micropore chambers for the accumulation of the interstitial fluid, and in vitro tissue culture studOeq of ZntiGody metabolism. Each method has its utility, examples of which will be discussed along with the methods ' limitations. All of the meth8Ws have value in furthering our understanding of the metabolism of m8nocloGal antibodies both in vivo and in vitro. Use of these procedures to create a greXHer understanding of radiolabeled antibody metabolism, hopefully, will result in impeoced clinically useful agents for diagnosis and therapy.
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Methods for the study of the metabolism of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies and tumor. Methods for elucidating the mechanisms by which radiolabeled antibodies are taken up and accumulated in tumor and liver reviewed. These include the use of isolated perfused rat livers, RES blockade using dextran and double labeled antibodies, micropore chambers for the accumulation of the fluid, and in vitro tissue culture studies of antibody metabolism. Each has its utility, examples of which will along with methods' limitations. All of the methods have value in furthering our understanding of the metabolism of monoclonal antibodies both in vivo in vitro. Use of procedures to create a understanding of radiolabeled antibody metabolism, hopefully, will result in improved clinically useful agents for diagnosis and therapy.
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mEtHOdS for the study OF ThE metABolIsM Of rADiOlAbelED monOcLOnAL ANtIbODIES By LIVER anD tuMoR.
methoDs fOr ElUcIDAtINg THe MechANisms by wHiCH RaDiolabelEd ANTiBodIeS Are tAken UP anD AcCuMUlATeD iN tUMoR ANd LiveR ARe REViEWed. thEsE iNclUDE The Use Of ISOlATeD PErfUSeD raT LIvERs, Res BLoCkAdE USing dEXTraN sULFATE, sInGlE aNd double LAbELeD aNTiBodIEs, MiCroPore ChamBeRS For thE ACCumULatiON of THE IntErstiTiAl FluId, aNd In vItro TisSue cultUre StudIes oF anTIbody MetabolISm. each methoD haS ITS UTIlITy, ExAMples oF WHICH WilL Be disCUSseD AlONG wITH ThE mEThoDs' LimitaTioNs. alL Of THE meTHOdS Have VALuE IN FUrThering OuR uNdeRsTaNdINg Of ThE MetaboLism OF moNOCLONAL ANTibodiES BoTh in ViVo aNd in VITRO. uSE of TheSe pROCeDures TO crEate A GrEater UnDerstANdInG of rAdIOlabELed AnTIBody METabOLisM, hOPeFulLY, Will rEsUlT IN ImPRoveD CLiNiCALly UsEFUL AgeNts fOr DIAgNOsIS aNd TheRAPY.
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Methodsfor the study of themetabolism of radiolabeled monoclonalantibodiesby liver and tumor.Methods for elucidating the mechanisms by which radiolabeled antibodies are takenup and accumulatedin tumor and liver are reviewed. These include the use of isolated perfused rat livers, RES blockade using dextran sulfate, singleand double labeled antibodies, micropore chambers for the accumulation of the interstitialfluid, and in vitro tissue culture studies of antibodymetabolism. Each method has its utility, examples of which will be discussed along with themethods' limitations. All of the methods havevalue in furtheringour understanding of the metabolism of monoclonal antibodies both in vivo and in vitro. Use of these procedures to create a greater understanding of radiolabeled antibodymetabolism, hopefully, will result in improvedclinically useful agents for diagnosis and therapy.
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Methods for the study _of_ the metabolism of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies by _liver_ and tumor. Methods for elucidating the mechanisms by which radiolabeled antibodies _are_ taken up _and_ accumulated in tumor and liver are _reviewed._ These _include_ _the_ use _of_ _isolated_ _perfused_ rat livers, RES blockade using _dextran_ sulfate, _single_ and double labeled antibodies, micropore chambers for the accumulation of the interstitial _fluid,_ and in vitro tissue culture studies of antibody metabolism. Each method _has_ its utility, examples of which will be discussed along _with_ the methods' limitations. All _of_ the methods _have_ value in furthering _our_ _understanding_ of the _metabolism_ _of_ monoclonal antibodies both _in_ vivo _and_ _in_ vitro. Use of _these_ procedures to create a greater understanding _of_ radiolabeled antibody metabolism, hopefully, will _result_ in improved clinically useful agents for diagnosis and therapy.
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Preliminary study on the microbiology of Campylobacter pyloridis and gastric histopathology.
Biopsy samples were taken endoscopically from the antral-mucosa of 693 patients with peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis presenting dyspepsia symptoms. Campylobacter pyloridis cultures were positive in 59 of 98 (60.2%) cases and histopathologically the organisms were found in 411 of 693 cases (59.3%). Pathologically, Campylobacter pyloridis was positive in 273 out of 300 patients with chronic superficial gastritis (91.0%), in 102 of 249 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (40.9%), in 36 out of 144 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinalization or dysplasia (25.0%). We found that there was a significant association between the presence of Campylobacter pyloridis and chronic superficial gastritis, also the degree of lymphocyte infiltration showed a strong inverse association with the presence of Campylobacter pyloridis, suggesting that a local immune response might exert an important action in the eradication of this organism. These findings support the view that Campylobacter pyloridis, may be etiologically related to chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration, even though its role still remains to be determined.
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preliminary study on the microbiology of campylobacter pyloridis involves gastric histopathology. biopsy samples were taken endoscopically from the antral - mucosa of 693 patients with peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis presenting dyspepsia symptoms. campylobacter pyloridis cultures were positive in 59 in 98 ( 60. 5 % ) cases and histopathologically the organisms were found in 411 and 693 cases ( 59. 3 % ). pathologically, campylobacter pyloridis was positive in 273 out of 300 patients with chronic superficial gastritis ( 91. 0 % ), including 102 of 116 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis ( 40. 9 % ), while 36 out of 144 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis with arthritis or dysplasia ( 25. 0 % ). we found that there was a significant association between the presence of campylobacter pyloridis and chronic superficial gastritis, also the degree of lymphocyte clearance showed a strong inverse association with the presence of campylobacter pyloridis, suggesting that rapid local immune response might exert an important action in the eradication of this organism. these findings support the view that campylobacter pyloridis, may be etiologically related to chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration, even though its role still remains to be determined.
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Preliminary study on the microbiology of Camlylobactwr pyloridis and gastric histopathology. niops^ samples were taken endoscopically from the antral - mucosa of 693 patients with peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis presenting Fyspe)sia symptoms. Campylobacter pyloridis cultures were positive in 59 of 98 (60. 2%) cases and histopathologically the organisms were found in 411 of 693 cases (59. 3% ). Pathologically, Campylobacter pyloridis was positive in 273 out of 300 patients with cheonis superficial gastrLyis (91. 0% ), in 102 of 249 patients with cg4onic atr)ptic gastritis (40. 9% ), in 36 out of 144 pafientx with chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinalization or dysplasia (25. 0% ). We found that there was a significant association between the presence of Campylobacter pyloridis and chronic superficial gast%jtis, also the degree of lymphocyte infiltration showed a strong inverse association with the presence of Campylobacter pyloridis, suggesting that a local immune response might exert an impl4tant action in the eradication of this organism. These findings support the view that Campylobacter pyloridis, may be etiologically related to chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration, even though its role still remains to be determined.
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Preliminary study on the microbiology of Campylobacter and gastric Biopsy samples were taken endoscopically from the antral-mucosa 693 patients with peptic ulcer chronic gastritis presenting dyspepsia symptoms. Campylobacter pyloridis cultures were positive in 59 of 98 (60.2%) and histopathologically the organisms were found in 411 of 693 cases (59.3%). Pathologically, Campylobacter pyloridis was positive in 273 out of 300 patients with chronic superficial gastritis (91.0%), in 102 of 249 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (40.9%), in 36 out of 144 patients with with intestinalization dysplasia (25.0%). We that there was significant association between presence of Campylobacter pyloridis and chronic superficial gastritis, also degree of lymphocyte infiltration showed a strong inverse association with the presence of Campylobacter pyloridis, suggesting that a local response might exert an important action in the of this organism. These findings support the view that Campylobacter pyloridis, may be etiologically related to chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration, even though its still remains be determined.
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PReLIMINarY sTudY oN the MiCrOBiOlOGy of CampyLOBACtER pYlORIDiS AnD gaStRIC histOPaTHoLOgY.
biOPsY saMPLes WErE TAKen enDoSCOPIcaLlY froM THe anTRAL-mucoSa Of 693 pATiEnTs WItH pEptIc ulCeR AND ChrONIC GAStriTiS PrEsEnTiNG dYSPepsia sYmptoMS. caMPYlOBAcTer PyloRIdIs CuLTuRes weRe PosITIvE IN 59 of 98 (60.2%) cAses and hisTopAtholoGICaLlY tHE ORgAnISMS WERe foUNd IN 411 OF 693 caSES (59.3%). pathologICaLlY, cAmpYlObActEr pyLoridiS waS PoSItive In 273 OuT oF 300 pAtIents WIth ChrONIC SupERficiAl GaSTritIS (91.0%), IN 102 Of 249 patIentS WITH ChronIC AtROPhIC GAstRitiS (40.9%), In 36 OUt OF 144 patieNts WITh cHRoNiC atROpHIc gastRiTIs WItH iNtESTINaliZaTion or DYsPLaSIa (25.0%). wE FOund That THerE Was a SiGNIFiCAnT AsSOciAtIon beTWeeN tHe pRESeNce of CAmPYLOBACter pYLoridIs AND ChRoNiC sUPERFICiaL GASTRiTIs, aLso THe DEGReE of LyMphOcYTe INfiltRatiON SHOWEd A stRoNG inVeRSe aSsOCiATion wiTh THe prEsenCe of CAmpYlobacTer pYlORIDIs, SUggeStiNg tHaT a lOCAl imMunE reSPONse MiGht exERt AN ImPORtaNT ACtion In THe erADIcaTIOn oF THIs oRGAnISm. tHeSE finDinGs SUpPorT tHE VIEw tHAT CAmPylobACter PYLORIdiS, mAy BE etIOlOGiCALlY RELATEd To ChronIC GASTrITiS ANd PePtiC UlceraTiON, EVEn tHOUgH itS Role stILL ReMAins TO be DEtERminEd.
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Preliminary study on the microbiology of Campylobacter pyloridis and gastric histopathology. Biopsy samples were taken endoscopically from the antral-mucosa of 693 patients with peptic ulcerand chronic gastritispresentingdyspepsia symptoms. Campylobacter pyloridis cultures were positive in 59 of 98 (60.2%) cases and histopathologically the organisms were found in 411 of693 cases (59.3%). Pathologically,Campylobacterpyloridiswas positivein 273 out of 300 patients with chronicsuperficial gastritis (91.0%), in 102 of 249 patientswith chronic atrophic gastritis (40.9%), in 36 out of 144patients with chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinalization or dysplasia (25.0%). We found that there was a significant association between the presence of Campylobacter pyloridisand chronicsuperficial gastritis, also the degree of lymphocyte infiltration showed a strong inverse association with the presence of Campylobacter pyloridis, suggesting that a local immune responsemight exertan important action in the eradication of this organism. These findings support the view that Campylobacter pyloridis,may be etiologically related to chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration, even thoughits rolestill remains to be determined.
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Preliminary study on the _microbiology_ of Campylobacter pyloridis and gastric histopathology. Biopsy samples _were_ taken endoscopically from the _antral-mucosa_ of 693 patients _with_ peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis _presenting_ dyspepsia symptoms. Campylobacter pyloridis cultures were positive in 59 _of_ 98 (60.2%) cases and _histopathologically_ the _organisms_ _were_ found _in_ 411 _of_ 693 cases (59.3%). Pathologically, _Campylobacter_ pyloridis was positive in 273 _out_ of 300 patients with _chronic_ superficial gastritis _(91.0%),_ in 102 _of_ 249 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis _(40.9%),_ _in_ 36 out _of_ 144 _patients_ with chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinalization _or_ dysplasia (25.0%). We found that there was _a_ significant association between _the_ _presence_ of Campylobacter pyloridis and chronic superficial gastritis, also the degree of lymphocyte _infiltration_ showed a strong inverse association with the presence of Campylobacter pyloridis, suggesting that a local immune response _might_ exert an _important_ _action_ in the eradication of this _organism._ _These_ findings support the view that Campylobacter pyloridis, may be etiologically _related_ to chronic gastritis _and_ peptic ulceration, _even_ though _its_ role still remains to _be_ determined.
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Hypoxic vasoconstriction in rat pulmonary and mesenteric arteries.
Hypoxic vasoconstriction was investigated in isolated pulmonary and mesenteric arteries of the rat. Experiments were performed on large (approximately 2 mm pulmonary, approximately 0.8 mm mesenteric) and small (100-350 microns) arteries. Hypoxia [oxygen partial pressure (PO2) approximately 33 mmHg] elicited a biphasic response in arteries precontracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha (10 microM). A transient contraction reaching a peak within 2-3 min was observed in both large and small pulmonary and mesenteric arteries (phase 1). In pulmonary arteries, this was followed by a slowly developing contraction over 45 min (phase 2). In mesenteric arteries, there was no phase 2 but instead a profound relaxation. Mechanical disruption of the endothelium had no significant effect on phase 1 in preconstricted large pulmonary arteries but reduced phase 1 in small arteries by 40%. Phase 2 was abolished in both large and small arteries. Inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthesis or cyclooxygenase pathways had no effect on either phase. Verapamil substantially reduced phase 1 but abolished phase 2. In conclusion, we have found a clear biphasic response to hypoxia in pulmonary arteries of the rat, but, in contrast to some previous reports, phase 1 was only partially dependent on the endothelium, whereas phase 2 was entirely dependent on the endothelium. Small and large arteries had qualitatively similar responses. These results are consistent with the involvement of at least two mechanisms for hypoxic vasoconstriction, one of which may involve release of an as yet unidentified endothelium-derived constrictor factor.
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hypoxic vasoconstriction in rat pulmonary and mesenteric arteries. hypoxic vasoconstriction was monitored in isolated pulmonary and mesenteric arteries of the rat. experiments were performed on large ( approximately 2 mm pulmonary, approximately 0. 8 mm mesenteric ) and small ( 100 - 350 microns ) arteries. hypoxia [ oxygen partial pressure ( po2 ) approximately 33 mmhg ] elicited a biphasic response in arteries precontracted with prostaglandin f2 alpha ( 10 microm ). a transient contraction reaching a period within 2 - 3 min was observed in both large and small pulmonary and mesenteric arteries ( phase 1 ). in pulmonary arteries, this was followed by another slowly developing contraction over 45 min ( phase 2 ). from mesenteric arteries, there was no phase 2 but instead a profound relaxation. mechanical dysfunction of the endothelium had no significant effect on phase 1 in preconstricted large pulmonary arteries but reduced phase 1 in small arteries by 40 %. phase 2 was abolished in both large and small arteries. inhibition of endothelium - derived relaxing factor synthesis or cyclooxygenase pathways had no effect on either phase. verapamil substantially reduced step 1 but abolished phase 2. in conclusion, we have found a clear biphasic response of hypoxia toward pulmonary arteries of the monkey, whilst, in contrast to some previous reports, phase 1 was only partially dependent on the endothelium, whereas phase 2 was entirely dependent on the endothelium. small and large arteries had qualitatively similar responses. these results are consistent with the involvement of at least two mechanisms for hypoxic vasoconstriction, one of which may involve release of an as yet unidentified endothelium - derived constrictor factor.
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Hypoxic vasoconstriction in rat pulmonary and mesenteric arteries. Hypoxic vasoconstriction was investigated in isolated pulmonary and mesenteric arteries of the rat. Experiments were performed on large (approximately 2 mm pulmonary, approximately 0. 8 mm mesenteric) and small (100 - 350 microns) arteries. Hypoxia [oxygen partial p$essurF (PO2) approximately 33 mmHg] elicited a biphasic response in arteries precontracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha (10 microM ). A transient contraction reaching a peak within 2 - 3 min was observed in both large and small pulmonary and mesenteric arteries (phase 1 ). In pulmonary arteries, this was followed by a slowly developing contraction over 45 min (phase 2 ). In mesenteric WrterieE, there was no phase 2 but instead a profound relaxation. Mechznica: disruption of the endothelium had no sitnificaMt effect on phase 1 in preconstricted large pulmonary arteries but reduced phase 1 in small arteries by 40% . Phase 2 was abolished in both large and small arteroeq. Inhibition of endothelium - derived relaxing factor synthesis or cyclooxygenase pathways had no effect on either phase. Verapamil substantially reduced phase 1 but abolished phase 2. In conclusion, we have found a clear biphasic response to hypoxia in pulmonary arteries of the rat, but, in contrast to some previous reports, phase 1 was only partially dependent on the dndotTelium, whereas phase 2 was entirely dependent on the endothelium. Small and large arhe#ies had qualitatively similar responses. These results are consistent with the igGolvement of at least two mechanisms for hypoxic GasoconstFiction, one of which may involve release of an as yet unidentified endothelium - derived constrictor Cacfor.
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Hypoxic vasoconstriction rat pulmonary mesenteric arteries. Hypoxic vasoconstriction was investigated isolated pulmonary and arteries of the rat. were performed on large (approximately 2 mm pulmonary, approximately 0.8 mm mesenteric) and small (100-350 microns) arteries. Hypoxia [oxygen partial pressure (PO2) approximately 33 mmHg] elicited a biphasic response in arteries precontracted with prostaglandin alpha (10 microM). A transient contraction reaching a peak min was observed in both large and small and mesenteric arteries (phase In pulmonary arteries, this was followed by a slowly contraction over 45 min (phase 2). mesenteric arteries, there was no phase 2 but instead a profound relaxation. Mechanical of the endothelium no significant effect on phase 1 in preconstricted large pulmonary arteries but phase 1 in small arteries by 40%. Phase 2 was abolished in both large and small arteries. Inhibition of relaxing factor synthesis or cyclooxygenase pathways had no effect on either phase. Verapamil reduced phase 1 but abolished phase 2. In conclusion, we have found a clear biphasic response to hypoxia pulmonary arteries of rat, but, in contrast to some previous reports, phase 1 was only partially dependent on the endothelium, whereas phase was entirely dependent on the Small and large arteries had qualitatively similar responses. These results consistent the involvement of at least two mechanisms for hypoxic vasoconstriction, one of which may release of an as yet unidentified endothelium-derived constrictor
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hYpOXIC vASoCoNStRICtIon iN Rat PulMoNaRY anD mESenTeric ARtErIeS.
hYPOXiC vasocoNStRictioN wAS INVesTIgaTED IN IsolaTED pUlMOnArY and meseNTERIc aRtERIeS Of ThE rAt. eXPerImenTs werE peRFORMeD on LArgE (APpRoxiMATeLY 2 Mm PULmonary, AppRoxiMaTelY 0.8 Mm meseNtErIC) AnD sMAll (100-350 mIcRons) ARteRieS. hypoxIA [OXYGEn PaRtIAL PReSSurE (PO2) aPProxImatElY 33 mmHg] eliCItED A BIPHasiC rESPonsE in ArTeRIES PrEcoNtRACted WiTh pRoSTaGLANdiN F2 ALPha (10 MiCrOM). a trANSIenT cONTraCTIoN ReaCHiNG A PEAK wiThIn 2-3 mIN Was observeD in BOTh lArgE aNd SMALL puLMONaRY ANd meseNteric aRTEries (phASE 1). iN pULMoNary ArTeRiEs, This wAs fOlLoweD By A SlowLy DevEloPing CoNtractiON OvEr 45 miN (PhaSe 2). IN MEsenTERiC ARterIes, THeRe WAs nO PhASE 2 bUT InSTeaD a PrOFoUnd ReLaXatIon. mechANiCal dIsrUPtIoN OF The enDOthEliuM HaD No sigNIfICanT EFFECt oN PHASE 1 in PrecOnSTrIctED laRGe puLMonArY ArTErIeS bUT rEDUCED PHasE 1 In SMaLl artErIeS by 40%. PhasE 2 WAS ABOLiShed iN BoTh LArGe anD SmALl ARTERiES. inHIBITiON OF ENdothelIUm-DErived rELaXing FACtOr syNthESIS OR CYCloOxygEnAse PATHwayS hAd nO eFFEcT on eItHER phaSe. veRapaMiL sUbstANTIaLly ReDuCed pHASE 1 but ABOLisHed phASE 2. in CONCLusIoN, WE hAve FoUnD A cLEAr BiphasIc resPOnsE to HYpoXIA in PULMOnAry aRteriES Of thE RaT, bUT, IN coNTRASt To SomE prEViOUS rePorts, PhAsE 1 WaS ONLy PARTIALLY DePenDENt oN tHe EndoThELIUm, WHeReAS PhASE 2 Was enTireLY depEnDENT On THE enDotheLIUM. smALL and lARGe aRTERIes HAD qUaLITativeLY SimIlAR RESponsEs. tHEse rESulTS ARE coNSIsTENT WitH tHE InVOLveMEnT oF at LEast TwO mEchAnIsMS fOr HypOXIC VaSocONStRiCtION, oNE oF WHIch MAy InvOLve reLEASe oF an aS YET UnIdenTIFIed ENDOTheliuM-dErIvED ConstrICtoR faCTOR.
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Hypoxicvasoconstriction in rat pulmonary and mesenteric arteries. Hypoxic vasoconstriction was investigated in isolated pulmonary and mesenteric arteries of the rat.Experiments were performed on large (approximately 2 mm pulmonary, approximately 0.8 mm mesenteric) and small (100-350 microns) arteries. Hypoxia[oxygen partial pressure (PO2) approximately 33 mmHg] elicited a biphasicresponse inarteries precontractedwith prostaglandin F2 alpha (10 microM). A transient contraction reaching a peak within 2-3 min was observed in both large and small pulmonary and mesenteric arteries (phase1). Inpulmonary arteries, this was followed by a slowly developing contraction over 45 min (phase 2). In mesenteric arteries, there wasno phase 2but instead a profound relaxation. Mechanical disruption ofthe endotheliumhadnosignificant effect on phase 1 in preconstricted large pulmonary arteriesbut reduced phase 1 in small arteries by 40%. Phase 2 was abolished in both large and small arteries. Inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthesis or cyclooxygenase pathwayshad no effect on either phase. Verapamil substantiallyreduced phase 1 but abolished phase2. In conclusion, we have found a clear biphasic response to hypoxia in pulmonary arteries of the rat,but, in contrast to some previous reports, phase 1 was only partially dependent on the endothelium, whereas phase 2 was entirely dependent on the endothelium. Smalland large arteries had qualitatively similar responses. These results are consistent with the involvement ofat least two mechanisms forhypoxic vasoconstriction, one of which may involve releaseofan as yet unidentified endothelium-derived constrictor factor.
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Hypoxic _vasoconstriction_ _in_ rat pulmonary _and_ mesenteric arteries. Hypoxic vasoconstriction was investigated in isolated pulmonary _and_ _mesenteric_ _arteries_ of the rat. Experiments were performed on large (approximately 2 mm pulmonary, _approximately_ 0.8 mm mesenteric) and small (100-350 _microns)_ arteries. _Hypoxia_ _[oxygen_ partial pressure (PO2) approximately 33 _mmHg]_ elicited a _biphasic_ response in arteries _precontracted_ with prostaglandin F2 alpha (10 microM). A _transient_ contraction reaching a peak within 2-3 min _was_ _observed_ in _both_ large _and_ small pulmonary _and_ mesenteric arteries _(phase_ 1). _In_ _pulmonary_ arteries, this was followed by a slowly _developing_ contraction _over_ 45 min (phase 2). In _mesenteric_ arteries, _there_ was no _phase_ 2 but instead _a_ profound relaxation. Mechanical disruption of the _endothelium_ _had_ no significant _effect_ _on_ phase 1 in preconstricted large pulmonary arteries but reduced phase 1 in small arteries _by_ 40%. Phase 2 was abolished _in_ both large and small arteries. Inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthesis or _cyclooxygenase_ pathways had _no_ effect on either phase. Verapamil _substantially_ reduced phase 1 but _abolished_ phase _2._ _In_ conclusion, we have found _a_ _clear_ biphasic response to hypoxia in pulmonary arteries of the rat, but, in _contrast_ to some previous reports, _phase_ _1_ was only partially dependent on the endothelium, whereas phase 2 was entirely dependent on the endothelium. Small and large arteries had qualitatively similar responses. These results are consistent with the involvement of at least two mechanisms for hypoxic _vasoconstriction,_ one of which may involve release of an as _yet_ unidentified _endothelium-derived_ _constrictor_ factor.
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Gastrointestinal endometriosis. Incidence and indications for resection.
Of 1573 consecutive patients with endometriosis diagnosed at laparoscopy or celiotomy, 85 patients (5.4%) had gastrointestinal involvement and 11 patients (0.7%) required bowel resection due to recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms (usually obstructive in nature) and/or suspicion of malignancy. Of 63 patients with gastrointestinal involvement at sites other than the appendix, who did not undergo bowel resection, only two patients had gastrointestinal symptoms at the time of diagnosis (neither patient had obstructive symptoms); follow-up has revealed that only one patient subsequently developed significant gastrointestinal symptoms. Fifteen patients had appendiceal endometriosis, but none had symptoms suggestive of appendicitis. Indications for resection of gastrointestinal endometriosis include the presence of clear-cut obstructive symptoms or the inability to exclude malignancy. The absence of gastrointestinal symptoms appears to be predictive of the absence of clinically significant intestinal endometriosis, and bowel resection is not indicated in the asymptomatic patient. Appendiceal endometriosis appears to be an incidental finding and one that is not clinically important.
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gastrointestinal endometriosis. incidence and indications for resection. of 1573 consecutive patients with endometriosis diagnosed at laparoscopy or celiotomy, 85 patients ( 5. 4 % ) had gastrointestinal involvement before 11 patients ( 0. 7 % ) required bowel resection subjected to recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms ( usually obstructive in nature ) and / or suspicion of malignancy. of 63 patients with gastrointestinal involvement at sites other than the appendix, who did previously experience bowel resection, only 19 patients had gastrointestinal symptoms at the time of diagnosis ( neither patient had obstructive symptoms ) ; follow - up has revealed that only one patient subsequently developed significant gastrointestinal symptoms. fifteen patients demonstrated appendiceal endometriosis, but none had symptoms suggestive of appendicitis. indications indicating resection of gastrointestinal endometriosis include the presence of clear - cut obstructive tissue or the inability to exclude fungi. the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms appears to be predictive of the absence of clinically significant intestinal endometriosis, and bowel resection is not indicated in the asymptomatic patient. appendiceal endometriosis appears to be an incidental finding and one that is hardly clinically important.
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Gastrointestinal endometriosis. Incidence and indications for reZectiKn. Of 1573 consecutive patients with endometriosis diagnosed at laparoscopy or celiotomy, 85 patients (5. 4%) had gastrointestinal incolvemeJt and 11 patients (0. 7%) required bowel resection due to recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms (usually obstructive in nature) and / or suspicion of malignancy. Of 63 patients with gastrointestinal involvement at sites other than the appendix, who did not uJvergo bowel resection, only two patients had gastrointestinal symptoms at the time of diagnosis (neither patient had obstructive symptoms ); follow - up has revealed that only one patient subsequently deveKopFd significant gastrointestinal symptoms. Fifteen patients had appendiceal endometriosis, but none had symptoms suggestive of qppendicitos. IndicatioBq for resection of gastrointestinal endometriosis include the presence of clear - cut obstructive symptoms or the inability to exclude malignancy. The absence of gastrointestinal symptoms appears to be predictive of the absence of clinically significant intestinal endometriosis, and Gowe? %esec%ion is not indicated in the asymptomatic patient. Appendiceal endometriosis wppDars to be an incid@gtal finding and one that is not clinically important.
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endometriosis. Incidence and for resection. Of 1573 consecutive patients with endometriosis diagnosed at laparoscopy celiotomy, 85 (5.4%) had gastrointestinal involvement and 11 patients (0.7%) required bowel resection due to recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms (usually obstructive in nature) and/or suspicion of malignancy. Of 63 patients with gastrointestinal involvement at than the appendix, who not undergo bowel resection, only two patients gastrointestinal symptoms the time of diagnosis patient had symptoms); follow-up has revealed that only one patient subsequently developed significant gastrointestinal symptoms. Fifteen patients had appendiceal endometriosis, but none had symptoms of appendicitis. Indications for resection of gastrointestinal endometriosis the presence of clear-cut obstructive symptoms or the inability to exclude malignancy. The absence of gastrointestinal symptoms appears to of the absence of clinically significant intestinal endometriosis, bowel resection is not indicated in the asymptomatic patient. Appendiceal endometriosis appears to be an incidental finding and one that is not clinically important.
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GaSTrOIntEStInal eNdOmETRIosis. iNcIdencE aNd iNDicatIoNS foR ReSECtIoN.
Of 1573 ConseCUtIVe PaTiENTs wiTh enDoMETRIoSIS DiAGNoSEd At LAPARoScoPy or CELIOTomY, 85 PatIENTs (5.4%) HAD GasTrOInTEsTiNAl InVolveMENT AND 11 paTienTs (0.7%) rEqUIreD bowEl ReSection dUe TO rECUrRENt GasTROIntEsTInAL SymPtOms (uSUAllY obStRUctIVE In nAturE) anD/OR SUsPICIon OF MALiGNAnCy. of 63 PAtiEnTs wiTH GAsTroInteStINAl INVOlvEMEnT aT SItEs otheR than THE APPEnDiX, Who did NOt Undergo Bowel resecTiOn, ONly TwO PatIeNtS HAd gAstRoInTesTINAL SyMptomS AT tHE tImE OF DiagNosIS (Neither pATIeNT Had OBsTRuctive sYMPTOmS); FolLoW-Up has RevEaLeD tHaT onlY ONe PAtienT sUbsEqueNtLY DeveLOPeD sIgniFICaNT GAStROINtesTiNaL syMpToms. fIFteEn paTIENTs hAD aPpENDIcEal endomETriosIS, bUT NONE hAd sYMPToMS SUGGesTiVE oF aPpenDICitis. iNDicaTionS foR rEsectIOn OF GAStrOIntEStINAl ENDOMETRIosIs InClUde the PreSenCe OF CleAR-cut obsTRUCTiVe symptoMS oR tHE INABiLiTy tO excLUdE maligNaNcy. the abSenCE Of gaSTROiNTEstInaL SYMPToms apPEaRS to Be PREdICTIvE OF thE aBsence Of cliNIcaLlY SIgnIfIcANt inTEStinAl eNDOmETRIOSis, aNd boWEL RESecTioN iS nOT indiCaTed IN ThE aSYmpToMaTIc pATIENT. aPPenDICeAl EndOMetRIoSIs appEaRs tO BE an INCidentAl FINdInG AND ONe ThAt is not ClInIcAlly ImPORtANT.
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Gastrointestinal endometriosis. Incidence andindications for resection. Of1573 consecutive patients with endometriosis diagnosed atlaparoscopy or celiotomy,85 patients (5.4%) had gastrointestinal involvement and 11 patients (0.7%) required bowel resection due to recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms (usually obstructivein nature)and/or suspicion of malignancy. Of 63 patients with gastrointestinal involvement atsites other than the appendix, who did notundergobowel resection, only two patients had gastrointestinalsymptoms at the time of diagnosis (neither patienthadobstructive symptoms); follow-up has revealed that only one patient subsequently developed significant gastrointestinal symptoms. Fifteen patients had appendicealendometriosis, but none had symptoms suggestive of appendicitis. Indications forresection of gastrointestinal endometriosis include the presence of clear-cut obstructive symptoms or the inability to exclude malignancy. The absence of gastrointestinal symptoms appears to be predictive of the absence of clinically significant intestinal endometriosis, and bowel resection is notindicated in the asymptomatic patient. Appendicealendometriosis appears to bean incidentalfinding and one thatis not clinically important.
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_Gastrointestinal_ endometriosis. Incidence and indications for resection. Of 1573 consecutive patients with endometriosis diagnosed at laparoscopy or celiotomy, 85 patients (5.4%) _had_ gastrointestinal involvement and 11 patients (0.7%) required bowel resection due to recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms (usually obstructive in _nature)_ _and/or_ suspicion of malignancy. Of _63_ patients _with_ gastrointestinal involvement at _sites_ _other_ than the appendix, who _did_ not _undergo_ bowel resection, only two patients had gastrointestinal _symptoms_ _at_ the time of diagnosis _(neither_ patient had obstructive symptoms); follow-up has revealed that only one _patient_ subsequently developed significant gastrointestinal _symptoms._ Fifteen patients had appendiceal endometriosis, _but_ _none_ had symptoms suggestive of appendicitis. Indications for resection of _gastrointestinal_ endometriosis include _the_ presence of clear-cut _obstructive_ symptoms or the inability _to_ exclude malignancy. The absence of gastrointestinal symptoms appears to _be_ predictive _of_ the absence of clinically significant intestinal _endometriosis,_ and _bowel_ resection _is_ _not_ indicated in _the_ asymptomatic _patient._ Appendiceal endometriosis _appears_ to be an _incidental_ _finding_ and one that is not clinically important.
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Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of potent and selective 2-(3-alkoxy-1-azetidinyl) quinolines as novel PDE10A inhibitors with improved solubility.
We report the discovery of a novel series of 2-(3-alkoxy-1-azetidinyl) quinolines as potent and selective PDE10A inhibitors. Structure-activity studies improved the solubility (pH 7.4) and maintained high PDE10A activity compared to initial lead compound 3, with select compounds demonstrating good oral bioavailability. X-ray crystallographic studies revealed two distinct binding modes to the catalytic site of the PDE10A enzyme. An ex vivo receptor occupancy assay in rats demonstrated that this series of compounds covered the target within the striatum.
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synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of potent mice selective 2 - ( 3 - alkoxy - 1 - azetidinyl ) quinolines as novel pde10a inhibitors with improved solubility. we report the discovery of a novel series of 2 - ( 3 - alkoxy - 1 - azetidinyl ) quinolines as potent and selective pde10a inhibitors. activity - oriented studies improved the solubility ( ph 7. 4 ) and maintained high pde10a stability within the initial lead compound 3, with select compounds demonstrating good plasma bioavailability. x - ray crystallographic studies revealed two distinct binding modes to the catalytic site of the pde10a enzyme. an ex vivo receptor occupancy assay in rats demonstrated that this array of compounds covered the tissue at the striatum.
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Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of potent and selective 2 - (3 - alkoxy - 1 - azetidinyl) quinolines as novel PDE10A inhibitors with im0roFed solubility. We report the discovery of a novel series of 2 - (3 - alkoxy - 1 - az#tidin%l) q7inolineC as potent and selective PDE10A inhibiFord. Structure - activity studies improved the solubility (pH 7. 4) and maintained high 9DE10x activity compared to 7nitiwl ldaf compound 3, @itm select compounds demonstrating good oral bioavailability. X - ray crystallographic studies revexlrd two distinct binriny modes to the catalytic site of the PDE10A enzyme. An ex vivo receptor occupancy assay in rats demonstrated that this series of compounds covered the target within the striatum.
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Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of potent and selective 2-(3-alkoxy-1-azetidinyl) quinolines as novel PDE10A improved solubility. We report the discovery of a novel series of 2-(3-alkoxy-1-azetidinyl) quinolines as and selective PDE10A inhibitors. Structure-activity studies improved solubility (pH 7.4) and maintained high PDE10A activity compared to initial compound 3, with select compounds demonstrating good oral bioavailability. X-ray studies revealed two distinct binding modes to the catalytic site of the PDE10A enzyme. An ex vivo receptor occupancy assay rats demonstrated this series compounds covered the target within the striatum.
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SyntHesIs aNd pRElimInary biOlOGical EvAluatiOn of POtEnt And SELEctive 2-(3-aLkoxY-1-aZEtIDiNYL) QuiNoLINes aS noVel PDe10A inHibitORS WIth iMpRovEd solUbILIty.
wE rEPORt The discoVeRY of a novel seRiEs oF 2-(3-alKOxy-1-aZETiDinyL) quINOliNEs aS poteNT anD seLectIVe pDE10a iNHibITORs. STRucTuRe-ActIVity stUDIEs ImPrOVED The SolubiLiTy (PH 7.4) aNd MainTAinEd high Pde10a AcTIvitY cOmpARed To INiTial leAD cOmpOUnd 3, with SeleCT COMpoUnDs dEmoNsTRatiNg gOoD oRaL bIoAVaiLABiliTy. X-RAY cRYstAlLOGraphIC studIEs RevEAleD TwO diStinCT BINDING MOdes TO the CAtalYTic sITE oF The pde10A eNzYMe. aN Ex VIvO RECePTOR oCCupancy ASSaY in RAtS deMoNSTRatED tHaT This seRies Of compouNDS COvErED the TargEt wiThin thE STRiaTum.
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Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluationof potent and selective 2-(3-alkoxy-1-azetidinyl) quinolines as novel PDE10Ainhibitors with improved solubility. We report the discovery ofa novelseries of 2-(3-alkoxy-1-azetidinyl) quinolines as potentand selective PDE10A inhibitors. Structure-activitystudies improved the solubility (pH 7.4) and maintained high PDE10A activity compared to initial lead compound 3,with select compounds demonstrating good oral bioavailability. X-ray crystallographic studies revealed two distinct binding modes to thecatalytic site of the PDE10A enzyme. An ex vivo receptor occupancy assay inrats demonstrated that this series of compoundscovered thetargetwithin the striatum.
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_Synthesis_ _and_ preliminary biological evaluation of potent and selective 2-(3-alkoxy-1-azetidinyl) quinolines _as_ novel PDE10A inhibitors with improved solubility. We report the _discovery_ of a novel series of 2-(3-alkoxy-1-azetidinyl) quinolines as potent and selective PDE10A inhibitors. _Structure-activity_ studies improved the _solubility_ (pH 7.4) and maintained high PDE10A activity compared to initial lead compound _3,_ _with_ select compounds demonstrating good oral bioavailability. _X-ray_ _crystallographic_ studies revealed two distinct binding modes to the catalytic site of the PDE10A enzyme. An ex vivo _receptor_ _occupancy_ assay in rats demonstrated that this series _of_ compounds covered the target within the striatum.
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Mutual benefits. Hospital-business wellness partnerships yield.
Hospitals and employers see a strong business case for developing wellness partnerships.
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employer benefits. hospital - business wellness programs yield. hospitals and employers see a strong business case behind developing wellness partnerships.
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MuHjal benefits. Hospital - bIsinesX welPneWs partbershipz yOekd. Hospitals and employers see a stroJN business cxs3 for developing wellness partnerships.
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Mutual benefits. Hospital-business wellness yield. Hospitals and employers see a strong business case for developing wellness partnerships.
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mutUaL bEnefits. HoSPitAl-BUSINeSS WEllNesS PaRtNersHips YIELD.
HOSpItAls and emPlOyERS see a STRONg BusInESS cAsE FoR DevElopiNG WELLnesS ParTneRSHiPs.
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Mutual benefits. Hospital-business wellness partnerships yield. Hospitals and employers see astrong business case for developing wellnesspartnerships.
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_Mutual_ _benefits._ Hospital-business wellness partnerships yield. Hospitals and employers _see_ a _strong_ business case for _developing_ _wellness_ partnerships.
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