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Dance India Dance
Dance India Dance (also called by the acronym DID; tagline:Dance Ka Asli ID D.I.D.) is an Indian dance competition reality television series that airs on Zee TV, created and produced by Essel Vision Productions. It premiered on 30 January 2009. Here the judges are called Masters and Mithun Chakraborty was called Grand Master (till season 6). Season 7 premiered with a different concept.
The show features a format where dancers from a variety of styles enter open auditions held in Indian metropolitan cities to showcase their unique style and talents and, if allowed to move forward, are then put through mega-audition rounds of auditions to test their ability to adapt to different styles. At the end of mega audition, the top 18 dancers are chosen as finalists who move on to compete in the competition's main phase where they will perform solo, duet and group dance numbers in a variety of styles in competition for the votes of the broadcast viewing audience which, combined with the input of a panel of judges, determine which dancers will advance to the next stage from week to week.
The show features a variety of Indian cultural and international dance styles ranging across a broad spectrum of classical, Contemporary, Bollywood, Hip-hop, Jazz, Kalaripayattu, Salsa, and Musical theatre styles, among others, with many sub-genres within these categories represented. Competitors attempt to master these styles in an attempt to survive successive weeks of elimination and win a cash prize and often other awards, as well as the title of India's Best Dancer. The show is choreographed by Indian choreographers, such as Mudassar Khan, Marzi Pestonji, Tanuj Jaggi and Mini Pradhan. The show has won several television awards for Most Popular Dance Reality Show.
Format
Selection process
The selection process can be further broken down into two distinct stages: the Open Auditions and the second phase referred to as the Mega Auditions.
The Open Auditions take place in 5–6 major Indian cities and are typically open to anyone aged 15–30 at the time of their audition. The cities in which auditions are held vary from season to season but some, such as New Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata have featured in almost every season. During this stage, dancers perform a brief routine (typically individually) before three masters. The masters will then make an on-the-spot decision as to whether the dancer demonstrated enough ability. If the dancer impressed the masters with his/her dancing abilities, masters will award a Hat called Taqdeer Ki Topi (Hat of Destiny), moving them instantly one step forward in the competition.
The second stage of the selection process, the Mega Auditions, is a several-day-long process in which the 100 hopefuls are tested for overall well-rounded dance, stamina, and their ability to perform under pressure. The dancers are put through a battery of rounds which test their ability to pick up various dance styles (typically some of the more well-represented genres that will later be prominent in the competition phase, such as Hip hop, Bollywood, Jazz, Bharat Natyam, Kathak, Mohiniyattam, Odissi and Contemporary). At the end of this process, only the top 36 competitors will be chosen. The top 36 are then again asked to give solo performances, after which 18 are chosen in the final auditions. Then, those top 18 get divided into 3 teams which are named according to the 3 masters of the show such as, Mudassar Ki Mandali, Marzi Ke Mastane and Mini Ke Masterblasters. Each team containing 6 dancers then competes in the show, learning new skills throughout the journey.
Judges
Grand Master Mithun Chakraborty has been being the head judge of the series. When any contestant performs an extra-ordinary performance, Grand Master gives him/her a salute. It's called Grand Salute and it is the highest respect for any contestant here. Every season, 3 Indian choreographers (who are called Coaches) choreograph the contestants and judge them too with Grand Master. The first three seasons were judged by 3 regular judges Master Geeta Kapoor, Master Terence Lewis & Master Remo D'Souza with Grand Master. Then the judges were changed season by season from season 4. When any contestant performs a perfect act, the judges give him/her a special speech which is as respect for the contestant.
List of the judges:
Season details
Series table:
Season 1
First season was started on 30 January 2009. This season was hosted by Jay Bhanushali and Saumya Tandon. The grand finale was aired on 30 May 2009 and winner was Salman Yusuff Khan.
Masters:
Remo D'Souza, his team was named Remo Ke Rangeelay.
Terence Lewis, his team was named Terence Ki Toli.
Geeta Kapoor, her team was named Geeta Ki Gang.
Top 18 Contestants:
Remo Ke Rangeelay:
Salman Yusuff Khan
Prince R. Gupta
Khushboo Purohit
Mangesh Mondal
Bhavana Purohit
Rakhee Sharma
Terence Ki Toli:
Alisha Singh
Jai Kumar Nair
Mayuresh Wadkar
Vrushali Chavan
Kiran Sutavne
Shubho Das
Geeta Ki Gang:
Siddhesh Pai
Sunita Gogoi
Mandakini Jena
Paulson
Nonie Sachdeva
Jigar
Finalists:
Salman Yusuff Khan (from Remo Ke Rangeelay) was the winner.
Alisha Singh (from Terence Ki Toli) was 1st runner-up.
Siddhesh Pai (from Geeta Ki Gang) was 2nd runner-up.
Jai Kumar Nair (from Terence Ki Toli) was 3rd runner-up.
Season 2
Second season was started on 18 December 2009. This season was also hosted by Jay Bhanushali and Saumya Tandon. The grand finale was aired on 23 April 2010 and winner was Shakti Mohan.
Masters:
Remo D'Souza, his team was named Remo Ke Rangeelay.
Terence Lewis, his team was named Terence Ki Toli.
Geeta Kapoor, her team was named Geeta Ki Gang.
Top 21 Contestants:
Remo Ke Rangeelay:
Punit Pathak
Bhavna Khanduja
Nikkitasha Marwaha
Shashank Dogra
Meenu
Naresh Mondal
Terence Ki Toli:
Shakti Mohan
Vandana
Parvez
Ameet
Kunwar Amar
Jack Gill
Kruti Mahesh
Geeta Ki Gang:
Dharmesh Yelande
Amrita Mitra
Binny Sharma
Kishore Aman
Shruti
Tina Pradkar
Altaf
Finalists:
Shakti Mohan (from Terence Ki Toli) was the winner.
Dharmesh Yelande (from Geeta Ki Gang) was 1st runner-up.
Punit Pathak (from Remo Ke Rangeelay) was 2nd runner-up.
Binny Sharma (from Geeta Ki Gang) was 3rd runner-up.
Season 3
Third season was started on 24 December 2011. This season was also hosted by Jay Bhanushali and Saumya Tandon. The grand finale was aired on 21 April 2012 and winner was Rajasmita Kar.
Masters:
Remo D'Souza, his team was named Remo Ke Rangeelay.
Terence Lewis, his team was named Terence Ki Toli.
Geeta Kapoor, her team was named Geeta Ki Gang.
Top 20 Contestants:
Remo Ke Rangeelay:
Sanam Johar
Mohena Singh
Vaibhav Ghuge
Manju Sharma
Hardik Raval
Terence Ki Toli:
Pradeep Gurung
Raghav Juyal
Neerav Balvecha
Sneha Gupta
Piyali Saha
Varoon
Sneha Kapoor
Choto Lohar
Geeta Ki Gang:
Rajasmita Kar
Abheek Banerjee
Paul Marshal
Urvashi Gandhi
Ridhika
Shafeer
Finalists:
Rajasmita Kar (from Geeta Ki Gang) was the winner.
Pradeep Gurung (from Terence Ki Toli) was 1st runner-up.
Raghav Juyal (from Terence Ki Toli) was 2nd runner-up.
Sanam Johar (from Remo Ke Rangeelay) was 3rd runner-up.
Mohena Singh (from Remo Ke Rangeelay) was 4th runner-up.
Season 4
Fourth season was started on 26 October 2013. This season was hosted by Jay Bhanushali and Ishita Sharma. The grand finale was aired on 22 February 2014 and winner was Shyam Yadav.
Masters:
Mudassar Khan, | {
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Hello (Kelly Clarkson song)
"Hello" is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson, from her fifth studio album, Stronger (2011). Written by Clarkson, Josh Abraham, Oliver Goldstein, and Bonnie McKee, with production by Abraham and Oligee, "Hello" is a midtempo rock song about searching for companionship in hopes of not being lonely, in which the singer asks, "Hello? Is anybody listening?"
Upon its release, "Hello" was received with positive reception from music critics, who regarded it as a vocal highlight of Stronger. Boosted by digital sales during the album's release, the song entered the South Korean Singles Chart at number 47. Clarkson has also performed it a limited live performance during her Stronger Tour in 2012.
Release and composition
"Hello" was written by Kelly Clarkson Josh Abraham, Oliver Goldstein, and Bonnie McKee, with Abraham and Goldstein (as Ollgee) handling the song's production. During the summer of 2011, Clarkson and McKee had collaborated on tracks such as "Hello" and "Alone", intending it to be recorded for Clarkson's fifth studio album, Stronger, which was released on October of that same year. An acoustic version of the "Hello" was included as the opening track of her first extended play, The Smoakstack Sessions (2011).
Written in the key of E minor, "Hello" is a midtempo rock song with guitar chords and its hand claps. According to the sheet music published by Kobalt Music Publishing, Clarkson's voice range featured in the song spans from A3 to E5. Jarett Wieselman of omg! Insider noted that its chord progression is similar to Katy Perry's single "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" (2011), a track also written by McKee.
Critical response
"Hello" has received positive reviews from music critics. Jason Lipshutz of Billboard described it as "a slightly more rugged track that finds its groove in the chorus. The handclaps on the bridge are a nice touch" and added that the song "is gonna be a killer in concert." Seattle Post-Intelligencers Jason Scott described "Hello" as a "Fun" and "cool" track. He compared it to tracks recorded on All I Ever Wanted (2009) and noted that the track relies "solely on the "O" vowel to tell a story. "Ignorance isn't wise, but it beats being alone," Clarkson sings before asking if anybody is listening. We hear you loud and clear!" Brian Mansfield of USA Today considered "Hello" as a vocal highlight of Stronger, he wrote in his review: "this rock tune sounds happier than its lyrics, which depict Kelly as feeling alone even when she's not by herself." Sam Lansky of PopCrush compared it to "Mr. Know It All", and described it as a '90s throwback. He wrote, definitely works, especially with the hooky chorus and heartbroken ferocity of the bridge: "Holding onto the memories of when I, I didn't know / Ignorance isn't wise but it beats being alone." Ryan Pearson of The Huffington Post noted that "there is an undertone of loneliness and sadness coursing throughout, including some downbeat lyrics co-written by Clarkson herself. "Hello, is anybody listening? Won't somebody show me that I'm not alone," she sings on "Hello"."
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the Stronger liner notes.
Recording
Recorded by Ryan Williams at Pulse Recording, Los Angeles, California
Personnel
Vocals – Kelly Clarkson
Drums – Felix Bloxsom
Engineer – Ryan Williams
Producer – Josh Abraham, Oligee
Vocal producer – Jason Halbert
Songwriting – Kelly Clarkson, Josh Abraham, Oliver Goldstein, Bonnie McKee
Charts
References
External links
Category:2011 songs
Category:Kelly Clarkson songs
Category:Songs written by Kelly Clarkson
Category:Songs written by Bonnie McKee
Category:Songs written by Oliver Goldstein
Category:Songs written by Josh Abraham
Category:Song recordings produced by Josh Abraham
Category:Songs about loneliness | {
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Richard England
Richard England may refer to:
Richard England (cyclist) (born 1981), Australian racing cyclist
Richard England (architect) (born 1937), Maltese architect, writer, artist and academic
Sir Richard England (British Army officer, born 1793) (1793–1883), British Army general
Richard England (British Army officer, died 1812) (1750–1812), British Army officer and Lieutenant-Governor of Plymouth
See also
King Richard (disambiguation) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Fashion Design Council of Canada
The Fashion Design Council of Canada (FDCC) is a non-government, not-for-profit organization co-founded in 1999 by Pat McDonagh and Robin Kay. Their mission is to showcase Canadian fashion design nationally and internationally as well as introducing foreign designers to local Canadian markets. The FDCC aims to connect "designers, media, buyers, sponsors, and industry."
The current president of the FDCC is one of the founders Robin Kay. Joe Mimran, fashion designer best known for creating Club Monaco and Joe Fresh, is the current chairman of FDCC's board of directors. The FDCC's head office is currently located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
The FDCC is best known for launching Toronto Fashion Week.
Robin Kay
Robin Kay was born in 1950 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Kay began her career in 1976 as a fashion designer and a clothing retailer. Kay's chain of stores, which are named after her, became well known for their knitwear apparel. In 1999, Kay "lost the business to the Canadian firm Wing Son Garments, which she had taken on as a partner. In 2000, Kay was diagnosed with breast cancer.
Fashion week acquisition by IMG
On August 9, 2012, the Fashion Design Council of Canada announced that they had sold Toronto's World MasterCard Fashion Week to the global media business IMG. In a press release, Robin Kay said, "I am confident that the time is right for IMG to take World MasterCard Fashion Week to the next level." As a result of the change of ownership, Robin Kay stepped down from her position as Toronto Fashion Week executive director. Senior vice president and managing director of IMG Fashion Events and Properties, Peter Levy, states that Kay will still play a role in consulting.
References
External links
Official website.
Category:Culture of Toronto
Category:1999 establishments in Ontario | {
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East Reading
East Reading is a main locality (or informal subdivision) of the town of Reading in the English county of Berkshire. Its centre is known as Cemetery Junction, after Reading Old Cemetery.
Extent
The locality has no formal boundaries; the name is generally used to refer to the area within the borough boundaries to the east of the commercial centre, next to and to the south of the canalised River Kennet, north of Whitley, west of Earley and east of Katesgrove. As such it includes the relatively densely populated area of Newtown, as well as the areas around London Road and Earley Road, Cemetery Junction and Wokingham Road as far as the borough boundary at The Three Tuns.
The locality is in the borough of Reading, including all of Park ward together with parts of Abbey, and Redlands wards. East Reading is currently in the Reading East parliamentary constituency.
Education
The University of Reading's London Road Campus are narrowly within the localitity's western boundary, whilst the University's main Whiteknights Campus is on the southern boundary. Both Reading College and the Thames Valley University are squarely within the informal confines, as is Reading School.
Architecture
The oldest building in the area is Watlington House, whilst the area includes other non-ecclesiastical buildings set among the rarest 0.1% nationally by listing at grade II* or above, such as Royal Berkshire Hospital and Albion Terrace.
Transport
Reading Buses operate frequent bus services along the London Road which transforms to Wokingham Road, including to the Royal Berkshire Hospital.
East Reading MRT
East Reading Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is a proposed elevated bus, cycle and pedestrian route. If built, it will link a new park and ride site at Thames Valley Park, in Wokingham District, to Napier Road in Reading. There has been much local opposition to the plan and planning permission for it was refused by Wokingham District Council for a second time on 12 December 2018.
References
External links
Category:Places in Greater Reading
Category:Suburbs of Reading, Berkshire | {
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Kang Sung-hoon (golfer)
Kang Sung-hoon (born 4 June 1987), also known as Sung Kang, is a South Korean professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. He won the 2019 AT&T Byron Nelson, his first win on the PGA Tour.
Amateur career
In April 2006 Kang won the SBS Lotte Skyhill Open, the opening event of the Korean Tour season. Later in the month he played in the 2006 Bonallack Trophy in New Zealand, representing Asia/Pacific against Europe. In October he represented South Korea in the 2006 Eisenhower Trophy in South Africa. The team finished 5th while Kang had the 6th best individual score. He was also the gold medalist at the 2006 Asian Games, which exempted him from mandatory military service.
Professional career
Kang turned professional in 2007 and joined the Korean Tour. He first gained international prominence in 2009 when he lost in a playoff for the Ballantine's Championship, a tournament co-sanctioned by the Korean Tour, the European Tour and the Asian Tour. In 2010 Kang won for his first Korean Tour event as a professional at the Eugene Securities Open, and ended the season by finished tied for 16th place in the PGA Tour qualifying school to gain a place on the tour for 2011.
In May 2011, Kang lost a playoff for the BMW Charity Pro-Am on the Nationwide Tour. The following month, he qualified for the U. S. Open, his first major, and finished in a tie for 39th. Kang retained his PGA Tour card for 2012, helped by finishing tied for third place at the Children's Miracle Network Classic, ending the season 120th on the money list. In October 2011 he was a runner-up in the Shinhan Donghae Open, a Korean Tour event, finishing a stroke behind Paul Casey. 2012 was a much less successful season and he failed to retain his place on the tour.
Kang played on the Web.com Tour from 2013 to 2015. In October 2013 he won two tournaments in Korea in successive weeks, the CJ Invitational and the Kolon Korea Open. He did not win on the Web.com Tour but was runner-up in the Utah Championship in both 2014 and 2015, losing in a playoff in 2015 to Patton Kizzire. He finished 2015 in 22nd place in the Web.com Tour regular season standings to earn a return to the PGA Tour for 2016.
Since 2016 Kang has played on the PGA Tour. At the 2016 AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am, Kang shot a course record 60 during the second round at the Monterrey Peninsula course. This took him into a share of the lead moving into the weekend: he finished the tournament tied for 17th. The following two weeks he finished in the top 10 in the Northern Trust Open and The Honda Classic.
In April 2017, Kang took a three shot lead into the final round of the Shell Houston Open, the first time in his career he had held the 54-hole lead in a PGA Tour event. He finished second to Russell Henley. Two weeks later a good result in the RBC Heritage moved him into the top-100 of the world rankings for the first time, receiving an entry to the 2017 PGA Championship. He also finished tied for 5th in the Quicken Loans National, one of the Open Qualifying Series, to get an entry to the 2017 Open Championship. He tied for 44th place in both his 2017 major appearances.
In July 2018, Kang was involved in a rules controversy at the Quicken Loans National tournament when he was accused of cheating by his playing partner Joel Dahmen. On the dogleg-left 566-yard par-5 10th hole, Kang's second shot landed in the hazard left of the green. After a short search, a spotter located Kang's ball some 5 to 8 yards into the hazard. There was no way Kang could play the ball. Instead, he began pointing to the spot at which he thought it had entered the hazard; nearly pin-high. Because the 10th hole is a dogleg left with a hazard all the way down the left side, Kang's ball would have needed to re-cross the hazard nearer the green in order to earn the drop he was requesting. The exact line his ball had taken en route to its final resting place thus came under careful scrutiny. There was a discussion with a rules official, Dahmen and Kang which reached an impasse as another group played through. After further discussion, Kang conceded that his ball more likely crossed the hazard 35 yards from the pin rather than his first suggestion. Kang dropped the ball at a point 37 yards from the hole, hit his approach to 17 feet, and holed the putt for a par. Later that night, Dahmen accused Kang of cheating on Twitter. The PGA Tour released a statement indicating that they regarded the issue as closed: "With no clear evidence to prove otherwise, it was determined by the official that Kang could proceed with his fourth shot as intended, following a penalty stroke and subsequent drop. The PGA Tour will have no additional comment on this matter." Kang finished third in the event, his best result of the season, and earned a place in the field for the 2018 Open Championship, while Dahmen finished T23.
In May 2019, Kang won the AT&T Byron Nelson for his first PGA Tour victory in his 159th start. He matched the course record with a 10-under 61 in the second round, and matched the tournament record with a 23-under 261 total.
Personal life
Kang and his wife, Kang So-young, have a son.
Professional wins (5)
PGA Tour wins (1)
Asian Tour wins (1)
1Co-sanctioned by the Korean Tour
Asian Tour playoff record (0–1)
Korean Tour wins (4)
1Co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour
2Co-sanctioned by OneAsia Tour
Playoff record
European Tour playoff record (0–1)
Results in major championships
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Results in World Golf Championships
Team appearances
Amateur
Eisenhower Trophy (representing South Korea): 2006
Bonallack Trophy (representing Asia/Pacific): 2006
Professional
EurAsia Cup (representing Asia): 2018
See also
2010 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
2015 Web.com Tour Finals graduates
References
External links
Category:South Korean male golfers
Category:PGA Tour golfers
Category:Asian Tour golfers
Category:Korn Ferry Tour graduates
Category:Asian Games medalists in golf
Category:Asian Games gold medalists for South Korea
Category:Golfers at the 2006 Asian Games
Category:Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
Category:Yonsei University alumni
Category:Sportspeople from Jeju Province
Category:1987 births
Category:Living people | {
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Seyoum Mengesha
Seyoum Mengesha KBE (Amharic: ሥዩም መንገሻ ; 21 June 1887 – 15 December 1960) was an army commander and a member of the royal family of the Ethiopian Empire.
Birth - 1935
Le'ul Ras Seyoum Mengesha was born on 24 June 1886 (1879 in the Ethiopian calendar) in the town of Agawmedir (Zimbriee), in the province of Gojjam to his mother Woizero Kafay, daughter of Ras Wale Betul Abba Tattan, Viceroy of Tigray. His father was Ras Mangasha Yohannes, the son of Emperor Yohannes IV of Ethiopia, from the royal house of Tigray. It is known that in his teenage years (1902-1910), Le'ul Ras Seyoum moved with his family from Gojjam to Tigray. (GebreSellasie 2000). His father, Ras Mangasha Yohannes was the "natural" son and heir of Emperor Yohannes IV. Because of his descent, Le'ul Ras Seyoum Mangasha was a rival to Emperor Menelik II, who had risen from ruling Shewa Province to become the Emperor upon Yohannes' death.
Le'ul Ras Seyoum wed Woizero Tewabech. Tewabech was the daughter of Negus Mikael of Wollo and the sister of Lij Iyasu. Mikael was later honoured with the title of Negus and Iyasu was the uncrowned Emperor of Ethiopia.
Ras Seyoum fathered several children from various wives. With his first wife, Woizero Tewabech he had Leult Wolete Israel Seyum who herself married the Crown Prince, Asfaw Wossen. By a previous marriage he had Woizero-Hoy Kebbedech Seyum. By a subsequent marriage he had Leul Mangasha Seyum. In the period 1928-1929 following a long and romantic courtship with Princess Atsede Asfaw Darge from the royal house of Shoa, the couple married and remained devoted until Le'ul Ras Seyoum's death during the coup of 1960.
From 1910 to 1935, Le'ul Ras Seyoum Mengesha was the Shum of western Tigray Province. Traditionally the governors of the provinces commanded the provincial Sefari in battle.
In the spring of 1924, LeulRas Seyoum Mengesha, Ras Hailu Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam Province, Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu of Illubabor Province, Ras Makonnen Endelkachew, and Blattengeta Heruy Welde Sellase accompanied Ras Tafari Makonnen of Shewa Province on his European tour. Tafari Makonnen was the Crown Prince and Enderase of Ethiopia and was not yet crowned as Emperor Haile Selassie I. The group of Ethiopian royalty visited Jerusalem, Cairo, Alexandria, Brussels, Amsterdam, Stockholm, London, Geneva, and Athens. With them they took six lions which were presented to various zoos and dignitaries. In the same year, Seyum Mangasha was awarded the Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE).
Commander of the Army of Tigre
From October 1935 to February 1936, as Ras during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Le'ul Ras Seyoum Mengesha commanded the Army of Tigre. When General Emilio De Bono initially invaded Ethiopia, he was ordered to stay a day's march away from the advancing Italians. Le'ul Ras Seyoum and forces under his command played significant roles in the Ethiopian Christmas Offensive, the First Battle of Tembien, and the Second Battle of Tembien. For seven long months, Le'ul Ras Seyoum and his army from Tigray were the only force preventing the Italians from invading Ethiopia from Eritrea, and it was not until 1936 when the fighting moved to Maitcho that the emperor sent reinforcements to assist Le'ul Ras Seyoum and his men. The subsequent failure of the Ethiopian forces to prevent the Italians from invading, resulted in Le'ul Ras Seyoum and a small contingent of Ethiopian nobility being taken to Italy as prisoners of war.
Le'ul Ras Seyoum, his wife Princess Atsede Asfaw and youngest child, son Dejasmatch Mengesha Seyoum were accompanied by close family members during their two-year captivity as Prisoners of War. Their Italian captors accorded the family decent treatment and it was during this time that Le'ul Ras Seyoum and the Duke of Aosta developed a friendship that would later aid the return of Le'ul Ras Seyoum and his family to Ethiopia upon the appointment of the Duke as Viceroy to Ethiopia. Furthermore, his friendship with the Viceroy enabled Le'ul Ras Seyoum to play an influential role in securing the release of 3,000 Ethiopian POWs being held in Italian Somaliland.
In the period leading to the Italian withdrawal from Ethiopia, when Britain had committed forces to assist Ethiopia to liberate herself from Italian occupation, Le'ul Ras Seyoum led an army of 70,000 from Tigray in the fight to free the northern provinces from Italian forces. In 1940, following the complete liberation of Ethiopia from Italian occupation, he returned to the Capital Addis Abeba where he was formally re-appointed 'Teklay Gejee of Tigray' (Governor of Tigray Province), and remained in Addis Abeba until 1941 when he was given leave to return to Tigray until the 'Woyane Rebellion' which resulted in his return to the capital, Addis Abeba where he resided under a form of 'house arrest'.
Italian occupation of Ethiopia. He spent much of his time under "house arrest" in Addis Ababa. Tigray Province. Emperor Haile Selassie held Ras Seyum in very deep regard, and depended on him as a senior advisor. He was a member of the Crown Council from 1945 until his death.
Woyane Rebellion
In 1943, the "Woyane Rebellion" broke out in southern and eastern Tigre Province and Ras Seyoum was suspected of supporting the rebels. As a consequence, he was recalled to Addis Ababa and replaced by Fitawrari Kifle Dadi and Dejazmach Fikre Selassie Ketema as well as General Tedla Mekeonen and General Isayas Gebre Selassie as the Commander of the Army in Tigray.
In 1947, Le'ul Ras Seoyum Mengesha was made Shum of eastern Tigray as well as western Tigray. This was because of the treason of the son of the late Ras Gugsa Araya Selassie, Dejazmach Haile Selassie Gugsa. In 1935, Haile Selassie Gugsa had defected to the Italians during the early days of the war. The Italians had made much propaganda use out of the fact that Haile Selassie Gugsa was the husband of Leult Zenebework Haile Selassie and therefore Haile Selassie's son-in-law. As a result, Ras Seyoum Mangasha was Shum of all Tigray Province, which he held until 1960.
Death
In December 1960, the Imperial Guard (Kebur Zabangna) launched a coup d'état and seized power in Ethiopia while the Emperor was on a visit to Brazil. The coup leaders compelled the Crown Prince to read a prepared radio statement. In the statement, he accepted the crown in his father's place and announced a government of reform. However, the regular Army and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church both refused to accept the new government. The leader of the church, Patriarch Abuna Basilios, issued an anathema against all those who cooperated with the coup leaders. The Emperor returned to Ethiopia and the Army stormed the palace where members of the government were being held prisoner by the Imperial Guards. The Guards fled, but not before killing many members of the government and the nobility that had been held prisoner in the Green Salon of the palace. Leul Ras Seyoum was among those who were machine gunned to death, he was 74 years old and was buried in Axum.
Aftermath
Le'ul Ras Mengesha Seyoum, as son and heir of the late Le'ul Ras Seyoum Mengesha, inherited his father's legacy in representing the Tigrean Royal House of Yohannes IV.
Honours
National honours
Grand Collar and Chain of the Order of Solomon.
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Seal of Solomon.
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Ethiopia.
Grand Officer of the Order of Menelik II.
Grand Officer of the Order of the Holy Trinity.
Foreign honours
: Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (8 July 1924).
: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Black Star (16 May 1924).
: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Gregory the Great ( | {
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Já jsem Stěna smrti
Já jsem Stěna smrti is a 1978 Czechoslovak film. The film starred Josef Kemr.
References
External links
Category:1978 films
Category:Czechoslovak films
Category:Czech-language films
Category:Czech films | {
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Rocher de la Tournette
The Rocher de la Tournette (or, simply, 'La Tournette') is a prominent rocky point on the icy summit ridge of Mont Blanc between the Petite Bosse and the summit. The highest point lies at above sea level, and can be most easily reached on an ascent of Mont Blanc via the Goûter Route.
Whilst not sufficiently isolated from other summits to be regarded by the UIAA as one of the 82 primary 4000 metre summits of the Alps, the organisation does nevertheless include Rocher de la Tournette on its 'Enlarged list of lesser summits'. This list defines a further 46 such points of secondary mountaineering or morphological interest, of which the Rocher de la Tournette is the highest.
The shoulder of this rocky subsidiary summit offers a remote mountaineering route from the Quintino Sella Hut. Known as the Tournette Spur (fr: l’éperon de la Tournette), it enables the final 'Bosses Ridge' section of the Goûter Route to be reached from the Italian side of Mont Blanc. This infrequently climbed route is nowadays graded AD on the adjectival climbing scale and was first climbed on 2 July 1872 by T Kennedy, J Carrel and J Fischer. The first winter ascent of the Tournette Spur was made by the three Sella brothers and their guides, including Emile Rey on 5 January 1888.
Air crash site
The Lockheed Constellation Malabar Princess (Air India Flight 245) crashed on November 3, 1950, near the Rocher de la Tournette, with 48 passengers and crew members, a tragedy that inspired the 1952 novel La Neige en deuil (The Snow in mourning) of Henri Troyat (adapted to the cinema in 1956), then the movie Malabar Princess in 2004.
A second accident occurred on 24 January 1966, of the Boeing 707 Kangchenjunga Bombay-New York (Air India Flight 101), which also struck the outcrop in the same sector. In 2013 this crash inspired a novel by Marc Levy, Un sentiment plus fort que la peur (A feeling stronger than fear, English translation 2013, also under the title Stronger than Fear).
See also
Top of the Mont Blanc
References
Category:Mountains of the Alps
Category:Mont Blanc | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice
Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice is a dark fantasy action-adventure game developed and published by the British video game development studio Ninja Theory. Inspired by Norse mythology and Celtic culture, the game follows Senua, a Pict warrior who must make her way to Helheim by defeating otherworldly entities and facing their challenges, in order to rescue the soul of her dead lover from the goddess Hela. It was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 4 in August 2017, Xbox One in April 2018, and Nintendo Switch in April 2019. Hellblade features support for virtual reality, which was added in a 2018 update.
Self-described as an "independent AAA game", Hellblade was created by a team of approximately twenty developers led by writer and director Tameem Antoniades. The game blends several genres, including hack and slash, puzzle solving, and psychological horror. Voice acting is an integral part of the game, while its cutscenes combine motion capture by Melina Juergens, and live action performances by other actors. The game's narrative serves as a metaphor for the character's struggle with psychosis, as Senua, who suffers from the condition but believes it to be a curse, is haunted by an entity known as the "Darkness", voices in her head known as "Furies", and memories from her past. To properly represent psychosis, developers worked closely with neuroscientists, mental health specialists, and people suffering from the condition.
Hellblade was a commercial success and was well-received by critics, who praised it as a work of art and applauded its uncommon choice of revolving around psychosis, the quality and uniqueness of its approach of the condition, and its story and main character. Its overall presentation, along with Juergens' performance, were also considered superior in quality to what independent games usually provide, although its gameplay and other elements received some criticism. The game sold over a million copies across all platforms by June 2018. A sequel, Senua's Saga: Hellblade II, was announced at The Game Awards 2019.
Gameplay
Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice is divided in two types of gameplay: the first allows Senua to walk freely and interact with her surroundings. Those parts focus on either story via voiceover, as Senua travels from one location to another, or the resolution of a puzzle or challenge of some kind to progress further. She can use a capacity known as "focus", in reference to her tendency to see things differently from other people due to her condition, to trigger puzzle-related events. If she uses her focus on totems hidden throughout the game, it triggers a memory via voice-over of her friend Druth telling her of the stories of the Norsemen; activating all forty-four of them triggers a bonus cutscene shortly before the game's climax, that extends on Druth's backstory. Several areas feature their own exclusive mechanics or trials, such as reaching a safe zone in time before Senua dies, or using the focus ability to modify the structure of her surroundings.
In addition, Hellblade features fights against malformed representations of Northmen who block her progression, including occasional bosses. During those fights, Senua has her sword drawn out, and is turned towards one of her enemies, on which the camera is automatically focused; she can use two kind of attacks, quick or heavy, kick an enemy to prevent it from blocking her attacks, parry, or dodge. She can also charge the opponent she is focusing on, to either get closer or directly attack or kick it. If she parries or dodges enough, she can use her focus ability in battle to move faster than her enemies or dissipate the shadows some of them are made of, which makes them impervious to regular attacks. Once she obtains Gramr, Senua can charge her heavy attacks for additional damage and parries more efficiently, both of which can allow her to use her focus ability. If Senua suffers a strong hit, or several hits in a row, she falls to the ground, and the player must press the corresponding button repeatedly as fast as possible before an enemy deals her a fatal blow; if she does not get back up in time, she dies. The closer she is to death, the more difficult it is for her to get back up; she can also die from a regular hit, if she was already very close to death.
Hellblade does not feature any heads-up display or tutorials. Instead, Druth, Furies, or the Darkness, provide audio indications on game mechanics, and how to progress through levels and puzzles. The Furies provide Senua advice in battle, notably warning her if an enemy is attacking from her back. They react when Senua takes damage, and panic heavily if she is close to death: how nervous they are when she takes a hit is representative of how much damage she can still take. The nature of most apparitions, events witnessed, or voices heard, is purposely left unclear, and can be interpreted as either an actual apparition by a spirit, a memory of Senua, or a trick created by the Darkness or one of the deceptive creatures she has to face. As such, the clues given during the game are not always reliable, except for Druth's: certain Furies try to demotivate Senua, or give false indications such as telling her she took the wrong way, or that she is walking into a trap. Another core mechanic is the possibility of permadeath, which is meant to delete the player's save data after they surpass a number of deaths.
Plot
Set in the late 8th century, the game starts with Senua (Melina Juergens), a Pict warrior from Orkney arriving at the border of Helheim in a quest to save the soul of her dead lover, Dillion (Oliver Walker), from the goddess Hela. Senua believes she suffers from a curse and hears "Furies", voices in her head commenting her every action, notably one, the Narrator (Chipo Chung), who is aware of the player's presence and talks to them. She is followed by the Darkness (Steven Hartley), a dark entity at the core of the curse. She carries Dillion's severed head to use it as a vessel to his soul and is guided by her memories of the stories of Druth (Nicholas Boulton), a former slave of the Norsemen well-versed in their legends, now deceased, who became her friend and mentor during a year-long self-imposed exile. To enter Helheim, Senua defeats both the fire giant Surt and the spirit of illusions Valravn, but as she crosses the bridge to Helheim, she is attacked by Hela, who defeats her with a single blow, shattering her sword. Barely surviving the encounter, she follows visions of Druth and a man-shaped light she believes to be Dillion to a great tree where she faces four challenges linked to her past and is rewarded with the legendary sword Gramr, strong enough to kill gods.
Meanwhile, Senua's backstory is unveiled through her hallucinations, revealing that her mother Galena (Ellie Piercy) suffered the same curse she did but did not believe it to be dreadful. However, Senua's devoutly religious father, Zynbel (also performed by Hartley), did and burned Galena alive. Senua witnessed the event at age five, which caused her psychosis to worsen significantly and led her to convince herself her mother died willingly. Her father, convincing her that her condition was a curse, abused Senua emotionally and physically and isolated her from the rest of the world until she met Dillion when he visited her village. The two fell in love, and Senua left her father to be with him, as he saw her as different and misunderstood instead of cursed. However, after a plague killed many in Dillion's village, Senua, believing the fault to be hers, left in exile. When she returned a year later, having hopefully left the Darkness behind, she found everyone killed by Norsemen, who had invaded, sacrificing Dillion in a blood eagle to their gods. Remembering the stories of Druth, Senua departed on her journey to save Dillion's soul from the gods of the Norsemen.
Ultimately, Senua fights against the influence of the Darkness and defeats the beast Garm. She realizes the Darkness is a representation of her father's abuse and beliefs and frees herself from the Furies. Soon after, she faces a legion of Hela's warriors in a hopeless fight and is killed. In her final moments, she recalls Dillion telling her of the importance of the acceptance of loss. As the imagery of Helheim fades away, Hela drops Dillion's head into the abyss, but as the camera returns to her, Senua is standing in her place, with a dead Hela in place of Senua's body. Having accepted that it was never possible to bring her lover back and that she is not responsible for his death or anyone else's, Senua frees herself from the Darkness' influence and accepts the Furies not as a curse, but a part of who she is. She invites the player to follow her, while the Narrator says her goodbyes to the player.
Development
Hellblade was announced for the PlayStation 4 at Sony's Gamescom media briefing on August 12, 2014, where a trailer was shown. In a joint statement, Ninja Theory described the game as "an experience focused on delivering a deep character in a twisted world, with brutal uncompromising combat", and stated that they wanted to "make a smaller, more focused game experience that is uncomp | {
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Grethe Kausland
Grethe Kausland (July 3, 1947 – November 16, 2007) was a Norwegian singer, performer and actress. As a child star she was one of Norway's most popular singers (her debut single “Teddyen min” from 1955, sold more than 100 000 records), and she participated in several films as a child. She represented Norway in the European Song Contest 1972 singing Småting with Benny Borg. From 1973 she performed regularly with the entertaining group Dizzie Tunes. Awarded "Spellemannprisen" 1978 for the album A Taste of Grethe Kausland, and "Leonardstatuetten" 1991 for her achievements on the revue scene.
She died from lung cancer on November 16, 2007 in Oslo, Norway.
Child career
Grethe made her stage debut at age 4 at a local revue, and cut her first record at age 8 in 1955, after winning a radio-transmitted amateur competition; the song, "Teddyen Min"/"Cowboyhelten" became a big radio hit in and sold over 100,000 copies. She made her first film, Smugler i smoking in 1957; by age 12 she had cut 10 records and acted in five films. Described "crazy about jazz" as a child, she visited jazz clubs while still underage, "swinging" like an adult jazz vocalist despite her youthful voice.
Shows with Dizzie Tunes
Kausland's cooperation with the show group Dizzie Tunes started with her Chat Noir Theatre debut På go'fot (1973). Later followed the shows Showkade med og uten fyll (1974), Vi spillopper (1976, film version 1979), Memories Of Music (1979/1980, also video), The Show Must Go Home (1984, also video), Festsprell i Dizzie Tider (1988). She also participated in many of their TV shows. Sing Sala Bim (1973) was awarded Bronze Rose at the Montreux festival.
Her music albums with Dizzie Tunes: Toppop 1 (1972), Mere Ra-ta-ta-ta (1972), Folk i nord (1973), Hei-hå-hei-hå (1973), Norsklåt (1973), På go'fot med Dizzie Tunes (1973), Memories of Music (1982), Go'biter med Dizzie Tunes (1992).
A Star is Torn
In a 1993 adaptation of Robyn Archer and Rodney Fischer's show A Star is Torn Grethe Kausland portrayed nine tragic female fates in popular music: Bessie Smith, Helen Morgan, Judy Garland, Billie Holiday, Edith Piaf, Marie Lloyd, Marilyn Monroe, Dinah Washington and Janis Joplin. A full evening one-woman-performance, first at Rogaland Teater (Stavanger, 1993, 45 performances
), and later at Victoria Teater (Oslo, 1995).
Television series
From the late 1990s Kausland participated in several TV series. In D'ække bare, bare Bernt (1996) she starred as "Vera", with Jon Skolmen as her husband "Bernt". In the situation comedy Karl & Co (63 episodes, running 1998–2001) she appeared regularly as "Ruth Frantzen". She played the role "Mamsen" in the children's series Jul i Blåfjell in 1999. This series became quite popular, it received the Gullruten award in 2000 for Best TV drama, a music album from the series received Spellemannprisen in 1999 for Best children's album, and the follow-up series Jul på månetoppen appeared in 2002.
Discography
Singles on the Columbia label (as child star)
1955: "Teddyen min"/"Cowboyhelten"
1956: "Den lille kjøkkenskriver"/"Jeg vil gifte meg med pappa" (with Frank Robert)
1956: "Maria Fly-fly"/"Eventyrswing"
1956: "Grethemor"/"Dukkestuen"
1956: "Til Nisseland"/"Ding-dong"
1957: "Min lille mandolin"/"Kjære lille vov-vov"
1957: "Hipp Hurra!"/"Lolly Poll"
1958: "Lillesøster"/"Musefest i kjelleren"
1959: "På tivoli"/"Pappas lille pike"
1960: "Souvenirs"/"Conny"
1960: "Det finns millioner"/"Europa Non Stop"
1963: "Gullregnen"/"Ønskedrømmen"
1964: "Hjerte"/"Hvis jeg var gutt"
Albums
Grethe gjennom 10 år (Columbia, 1964)
A Taste of Grethe Kausland (Troll, 1978)
Grethe synger Lille Grethe (Troll, 1979)
Stay With Me (Troll, 1984)
Jazzway to Norway (1991) (with several artists)
Jazz my way (Curling Legs, 2008)
Filmography
Smuglere i smoking (1957)
Selv om de er små (1957)
Far til fire og onkel Sofus (1957)
Far til fire og ulveungerne (1958)
Ugler i mosen (1959) (directed by Ivo Caprino)
To på topp (1965)
Tut og kjør (1975)
Vi spillopper (1979)
Over stork og stein (Stork Staring Mad, 1994)
Solan, Ludvig og Gurin med reverompa (Gurin with the Foxtail, 1998) (voice)
TV series
D'ække bare, bare Bernt (1996)
Karl & Co (1997–2000)
Jul i Blåfjell (1999) (Awarded Gullruten 2000 for Best TV drama, and Spellemannprisen 1999 for Best children's album)
Jul på månetoppen (2002)
Brødrene Dal og mysteriet med Karl XIIs gamasjer (2005) (mini TV Series)
Hos Martin (2005 episode)
Personal life
From 1966 to 1979 she was married to jazz guitarist Halvard Kausland. She did not revert to her maiden name Nilsen after the end of the marriage, but kept the name Kausland.
References
Category:1947 births
Category:2007 deaths
Category:Norwegian film actresses
Category:Norwegian child actresses
Category:Norwegian Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Category:Norwegian female singers
Category:Norwegian child singers
Category:Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1972
Category:Melodi Grand Prix contestants
Category:People from Horten
Category:Melodi Grand Prix winners
Category:Spellemannprisen winners
Category:Leonard Statuette winners
Category:Deaths from lung cancer
Category:Norwegian television actresses
Category:20th-century Norwegian singers
Category:20th-century women singers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Twan Poels
Antonius Johannes Petrus Poels (born 27 July 1963 in Oeffelt) is a retired Dutch professional cyclist.
In 1984, Poels rode the road race in the 1984 Summer Olympics as a member of the Dutch team, but did not finish.
Poels became a professional cyclist in 1985 for the team. He stayed with this team (that became in 1987 and in 1990) until he retired in 1992. He rode the Tour de France five times, finishing every time. After his professional career, he became an estate agent.
See also
List of Dutch Olympic cyclists
References
External links
Category:1963 births
Category:Living people
Category:Cyclists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Category:Dutch male cyclists
Category:Olympic cyclists of the Netherlands
Category:People from Boxmeer
Category:Tour de France cyclists
Category:Dutch real estate brokers
Category:Sportspeople from North Brabant | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Finn Rasmussen
Finn Rasmussen (born December 22, 1920, date of death unknown) was a Danish sprint canoer who competed in the late 1940s. He won a silver medal in the K-2 500 m event at the 1948 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in London.
Rasmussen competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics, also held in London, finishing fourth in the K-2 10000 m event. Note that the K-2 500 m event did not become an official event at the Summer Olympics until the 1976 Games in Montreal. The event has been on the Olympic program since then.
References
Category:1920 births
Category:Year of death missing
Category:Canoeists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Category:Danish male canoeists
Category:Olympic canoeists of Denmark
Category:ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Eighteen Kingdoms
The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms" () refers to the eighteen feudal states created by military leader Xiang Yu in China in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty. The details of the feudal division are as follows:
The Eighteen Kingdoms were short-lived: almost immediately rebellion broke out in Qi, after which Tian Rong conquered Jiaodong and Jibei, reuniting the old Qi state. Meanwhile, Xiang Yu had Emperor Yi of Chu and King Han Cheng of Hán killed. Thereafter, Liu Bang of Hàn conquered the lands of the Three Qins, thereby starting the Chu–Han Contention. Following many battles and changing alliances, Hàn defeated Chu and subdued all other kingdoms, where Liu Bang appointed vassal kings while making himself the first Emperor of the Hàn Dynasty in 202 BCE.
See also
Fengjian
Ancient Chinese states
Kings of the Han dynasty
Notes
Yong, Sai and Zhai were collectively known as the Three Qins because they occupied the area of the former Qin state, better known as Guanzhong.
Jiaodong, Qi and Jibei were collectively known as the Three Qis because they occupied the area of the former Qi state.
References
Category:Qin dynasty
Category:Han dynasty
Category:Dynasties in Chinese history
Category:Former countries in Chinese history | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Tomáš Vošvrda
Tomáš Vošvrda (born September 12, 1989 in Ostrava) is a Czech professional ice hockey goaltender for the HK Poprad of the Slovak Tipsport Liga.
Vošvrda previously played for HC Vítkovice, HC Havířov, Medicine Hat Tigers, HC Slezan Opava, HC Benátky nad Jizerou and Bílí Tygři Liberec.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
Category:1989 births
Category:Living people
Category:Czech ice hockey goaltenders
Category:HC Bílí Tygři Liberec players
Category:HK Poprad players
Category:HC Vítkovice players
Category:Sportspeople from Ostrava | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Maliha Ali Asghar Khan
Maliha Ali Asghar Khan is a Pakistani woman politician, hailing from Mansehra District, belong to Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf who is currently serving as Member of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly. She is also serving as member of the different committees.
She is the wife of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's leader from Abbottabad, Ali Asghar Khan and daughter in law of Air Marshal Asghar Khan
Political career
Maliha was elected as the member of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly on ticket of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf from Constituency WR-05 in 2013 Pakistani general election.
She was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as a candidate of PTI on a reserved seat for women in 2018 Pakistani general election.
References
Category:Living people
Category:Pashtun people
Category:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa MPAs 2013–2018
Category:People from Mansehra District
Category:Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf MPAs (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Alex Cable
Alex Cable is an American optical engineer, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder of optical equipment manufacturer Thorlabs.
Early life and education
Cable was born in Chester Borough, New Jersey, and grew up in nearby Freehold Township. As a child, he enjoyed hiking and camping in Sussex County. Cable dropped out of high school.
Cable's first job was as a dishwasher in a restaurant. He became chef and then restaurant manager with an eye toward fulfilling his entrepreneurial desires by opening his own restaurant. However, he soon realized that the outlook for a restaurant business did not meet his expectations and left the industry. He also worked briefly as a machinist, farm manager, and printer.
Cable returned to school, attending the County College of Morris. He subsequently earned a Bachelor of Science degree in physics from Rutgers University, and a graduate degree in material science from the Stevens Institute of Technology.
Career
Out of Rutgers, Cable was recruited by Steven Chu to work in his lab at Bell Labs in the spring of 1984. According to Cable, Chu especially liked Cable's diverse work history. Cable was official employed as a "technician", but Chu described him as "unofficially ... a super-graduate student". At Bell Labs, Cable became involved in a series of experiments on a low-temperature atom manipulation technique known as "optical molasses". In late 1987, Chu left Bell labs to take a position at Stanford University. Chu attempted to persuade Cable to join him at Stanford, but after "weeks of agonizing over the tempting offer", Cable declined the offer. Cable instead chose to pursue an entrepreneurial career, having only planned a brief stay at Bell Labs.
Cable had recently built a small . home in Freehold. Together with a college friend, he built two scanning tunneling microscopes for DuPont in his bedroom. The first microscope sold for about $50,000, leaving $20,000 of profit after expenses. Cable hoped to make a business out of it, entering the emerging market for the newly invented microscope. Cable's second microscope was less profitable. The business did not appear to be viable due to limited customers and limited working capital, so Cable abandoned the idea. Instead, he took "a more traditional approach", buying a milling machine which he used to design and build optomechanical parts. Selling the parts proved fruitful and also more enjoyable for Cable. In November 1989, he left Bell Labs to pursue the business full-time, naming it Thorlabs. He returned to Sussex County, and has made an effort to keep the business headquartered there due to his love for the area.
By 2004, Thorlabs had estimated annual sales of $50 million and was expanding into Europe. By 2010, sales had reached $125 million annually. As of 2013, the company produced approximately 20,000 unique products and employed 1,000 people. According to data published by Gale Business Insights, the company had estimated sales of $199.8 million in 2013, the most recent full-year available.
Cable is a founder and director of several photonics companies including KDD FiberLabs of Tokyo, Menlo Systems GmbH, and Stratophase Ltd. He is also a director of the Boston Micromachines Corporation. In 2010, Cable founded Idesta Quantum Electronics. He sits on the advisory board of the Center for Automation Technologies and Systems at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Academic work
While working at Bell Labs, Cable was part of a "lunchtime conversation" that led to a number of experiments which investigated atomic behavior at very low temperatures involving himself, Arthur Ashkin, John Bjorkholm, Steven Chu, and Leo Holberg. Subsequently, Cable was listed as a co-author on three papers in Physical Review Letters starting in 1985 that collectively have been cited more than 3700 times. The first of those papers, "Three-dimensional viscous confinement and cooling of atoms by resonance radiation pressure", led to Chu and his Stanford colleagues winning the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics. The paper was selected as one of the journal's greatest milestones by Physical Review Letters editors in 2008. The work has led to substantial improvement in the accuracy of atomic clocks and the discovery of the Bose–Einstein condensate.
In 2013, Cable met with several academics to explore the possibility that breath analysis could detect diseases after reading about dogs that were reported to detect cancer in their owners. His h-index is 24, according to Google Scholar.
Personal life
Cable is a fitness buff, who participates in endurance sports as a form of stress release. "Competing in sports makes me a better person in business. It translates back and forth and frees me to manage what otherwise could be a very stressful life," he remarked. Through Thorlabs, he advocates for personal fitness through community events.
References
Category:Living people
Category:21st-century American engineers
Category:American inventors
Category:American manufacturing businesspeople
Category:American restaurateurs
Category:American technology chief executives
Category:American technology company founders
Category:Bell Labs
Category:Businesspeople from New Jersey
Category:County College of Morris alumni
Category:Optical engineers
Category:People from Chester Borough, New Jersey
Category:People from Freehold Township, New Jersey
Category:Rutgers University alumni
Category:Stevens Institute of Technology alumni
Category:Engineers from New Jersey
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Wrestling at the 1999 Pan American Games
Men's events
Freestyle
Greco-Roman
Category:Events at the 1999 Pan American Games
Pan American Games
1999
Category:International wrestling competitions hosted by Canada | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Natalia Ilienko
Natalia Ilienko (born March 26, 1967 in Alma Ata, Kazakh SSR ) is a Soviet gymnast. Her biggest accomplishment was becoming world floor champion in 1981. She was praised for her highly expressive and fluid performances.
Ilienko competed at the 1980 Junior European Championships, finishing 6th all around, and the 1981 European Championships, finishing 4th all around, before being selected for the world championships team in 1981. Although she only finished 10th all around at the Soviet Championships, her first and second-place finishes on beam at the Soviet and European Championships allowed her to make the team. She qualified 6th to the all around finals, but was not allowed to compete because five of her teammates had qualified ahead of her.
Ilienko was selected for both the 1983 World Championships team and the 1984 Olympic Team. When the Soviet Union boycotted the 1984 Olympics, she competed at the alternate games Friendship Games in Olomouc. Her performances in the team competition left her out of the all around as the fourth Soviet gymnast.
References
Category:1967 births
Category:Living people
Category:Kazakhstani female artistic gymnasts
Category:Soviet female artistic gymnasts
Category:World champion gymnasts
Category:Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Category:Sportspeople from Almaty | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The Goshen News
The Goshen News is a six-day, Monday through Saturday daily newspaper serving Goshen, Indiana, and adjacent portions of Elkhart, Kosciosko, Noble, LaGrange and Marshall Counties in Indiana, which publishes Monday through Friday with a Saturday Weekend edition. It is owned by Community Newspaper Holdings Inc., a subsidiary of Raycom.
External links
CNHI Website
Category:Newspapers published in Indiana
Category:Elkhart County, Indiana
Category:Companies based in Elkhart County, Indiana
Category:Publications established in 1837
Category:1837 establishments in Indiana | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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1999 National League Division Series
The 1999 National League Division Series (NLDS), the opening round of the 1999 National League playoffs, began on Tuesday, October 5, and ended on Saturday, October 9, with the champions of the three NL divisions—along with a "wild card" team—participating in two best-of-five series. They were:
(1) Atlanta Braves (Eastern Division champion, 103–59) vs. (3) Houston Astros (Central Division champion, 97–65): Braves win series, 3–1.
(2) Arizona Diamondbacks (Western Division champion, 100–62) vs. (4) New York Mets (Wild Card, 97–66): Mets win series, 3–1.
The Diamondbacks were participating in the postseason in only their second year of existence, the fastest any expansion team had ever qualified. The Atlanta Braves and New York Mets went on to meet in the NL Championship Series (NLCS). The Braves became the National League champion, and were defeated by the American League champion New York Yankees in the 1999 World Series.
Matchups
Atlanta Braves vs. Houston Astros
Arizona Diamondbacks vs. New York Mets
Atlanta vs. Houston
Game 1, October 5
Turner Field in Atlanta
A pitcher's duel between Shane Reynolds and Greg Maddux highlighted Game 1. The Astros struck first in the top of the second when Tony Eusebio singled in Carl Everett. Gerald Williams would tie the game in the bottom of the fifth, singling home Jose Hernández. Daryle Ward would give the Astros the lead on a home run in the top of the sixth. The score would remain the same until the ninth. With Mike Remlinger pitching for Atlanta, Houston loaded the bases with one out as Carl Everett's sacrifice fly put them up 3–1, then a three-run homer by Ken Caminiti capped the inning's scoring. The Braves were retired 1-2-3 in the bottom versus Billy Wagner as the Astros took a 1–0 series lead.
Game 2, October 6
Turner Field in Atlanta
A brilliant performance by Kevin Millwood stole the show. Had it not been for Ken Caminiti's home run in the second and an error, Millwood would have pitched a perfect game. The Braves would take Game 2 behind his masterful performance. Atlanta drew first blood when Gerald Williams singled to lead off the first off of José Lima, stole second, moved to second on a groundout, and scored on Brian Jordan's single. With the game tied at 1, Ryan Klesko singled with one out in the sixth, moved to third on a double and scored on Eddie Perez's sacrifice fly to put Atlanta up 2–1. Next inning, Bret Boone doubled with one out, moving to third on an error and after Chipper Jones was intentionally walked, Brian Jordan's sacrifice fly scored Boone and moved Jones to second. Scott Elarton relieved Lima and allowed an RBI single to Klesko, Two wild pitches moved him to third before he scored on Andruw Jones's RBI single. The Braves' 5–1 win tied the series heading to Houston.
Game 3, October 8
Astrodome in Houston, Texas
The turning point of the series occurred in Game 3. Tom Glavine faced Mike Hampton, who were both coming off career years. The Astros struck first when Craig Biggio led off the bottom of the first with a single, moved to second on a groundout and after a walk, scored on Ken Caminiti's RBI single. A walk loaded the bases before another walk to Tony Eusebio made it 2–0 Astros. The Braves responded with a towering three-run home run by Brian Jordan in the sixth. The Astros tied the game in the seventh when Russ Johnson doubled off of Terry Mulholland and scored on Bill Spiers's single off of Mike Remlinger. In the bottom of the tenth, with the bases loaded and nobody out, John Rocker was called in to save the game. There was no margin for error. An unbelievable play by Walt Weiss prevented Ken Caminiti from scoring off Carl Everett's hit up the middle. Weiss dived and stopped the ball and threw home. Another forceout at the plate made it two outs. Ricky Gutiérrez struck out to end the threat. Jordan got them the win in the top of the twelfth with a two-run double off of Jay Powell after back-to-back one-out singles. Kevin Millwood retired the Astros in order in the bottom of the inning to put the Braves one game away from the NLCS.
Game 4, October 9
Astrodome in Houston, Texas
Shane Reynolds was once again called on to save the Astros, but facing him this time would be John Smoltz. Chipper Jones put the Braves on the board in the top of the first with a sacrifice fly after a leadoff double by Gerald Williams. A Bret Boone single drove in the second Atlanta run in the third after a leadoff double by Smoltz, who moved to third on a groundout. The Braves piled on in the sixth. After back-to-back leadoff singles, Chris Holt relieved Reynolds and allowed an RBI single to Andruw Jones and two-run single Eddie Perez. After Walt Weiss singled, Scott Elarton relieved Holt and after a sacrifice bunt, Williams's RBI single made it 7–0 Braves. Tony Eusebio homered to cut the lead to six in the seventh. In the eighth, after a hit-by-pitch and single, a three-run home run by Ken Caminiti brought the Astros to within three runs. Terry Mulholland relieved Smoltz and after a one-out single, Tim Bogar's RBI double cut the lead to two with five outs to go. John Rocker halted the Houston rally and brought the Braves back to the NLCS for the eighth straight year and history of the Astrodome to a close.
Composite box
1999 NLDS (3–1): Atlanta Braves over Houston Astros
Arizona vs. New York
Game 1, October 5
Bank One Ballpark in Phoenix, Arizona
The Arizona Diamondbacks won the National League Western Division in the franchise's second year. They were managed by Buck Showalter and finished the season with 100 wins. The New York Mets clinched the Wild Card in a one-game winner-take-all playoff against the Cincinnati Reds and qualified for the playoffs for the first time since losing the 1988 National League Championship Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers.
Masato Yoshii faced Randy Johnson in Game 1. Edgardo Alfonzo got the scoring started for the Mets in the top of the first with a one-out home run. Then a two-run home run by John Olerud after a walk made it 3–0 Mets in the third. Jay Bell's sacrifice fly after a one-out triple made it 3–1 in the bottom of the third, but Rey Ordóñez's sacrifice bunt with runners on first and third made it 4–1 Mets in the fourth. Erubiel Durazo's home run made it 4–2 in the bottom of the fourth. Then a two-run home run by Luis Gonzalez tied the game at four. The game remained tied into the ninth inning. A controversial move by manager Showalter allowed Johnson to stay in the game. Two singles and a walk loaded the bases and knocked Johnson out of the game. After the second out, Alfonzo hit a grand slam to put the Mets out in front 8–4. Armando Benítez shut the D'Backs down 1–2–3 in the bottom half to finish the game.
Game 2, October 6
Bank One Ballpark in Phoenix, Arizona
Kenny Rogers took on Todd Stottlemyre, hoping to even the series before moving to New York. Both pitchers were on even terms into the third inning. The Mets got on the board thanks to an RBI groundout by John Olerud in the third after Rickey Henderson hit a leadoff single, stole second and moved to third on a groundout. However, that was all the Mets got against Stottlemyre, who pitched 6 1/3 masterful innings. The Diamondbacks loaded the bases against Rogers in the bottom of the third after two outs on two singles and a hit-by-pitch. Then, Greg Colbrunn walked to tie the game at one. Steve Finley gave the Diamondbacks their first-ever postseason lead with a two-run single to right field. Then Finley had two more RBIs with a double to center in the fifth off of Pat Mahomes. In the seventh, the Diamondbacks loaded the bases on a walk, double and hit-by-pitch off of Octavio Dotel when Finley walked to force in a run, then Turner Ward's RBI groundout off of John Franco made it 7–1 Diamondbacks. The score would stand as the D'Backs evened the series at a game apiece.
Game 3, October 8
Shea Stadium in Queens, New York
In Game 3, Omar Daal faced Rick Reed. The Diamondbacks blew opportunities in the first two innings and that would cost them as the Mets would take a 1–0 lead on Rey Ordóñez's RBI single that scored Benny Agbayani. In the third, Edgardo Alfonzo doubled with one out and scored on John Olerud's single. A single moved him to | {
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Arabesque (classical music)
The arabesque is a type of music which uses melodies to create the atmosphere of Arabic architecture.
Etymology
The word "arabesque" is derived from Western ideas of Arabic music, which were highly embellished.
Notable arabesques
The most well-known are Claude Debussy's Deux Arabesques, composed in 1888 and 1891, respectively.
Other composers who have written arabesques include:
Marin Marais: L'arabesque (1717), appears in the soundtrack of the film Tous les Matins du Monde
Robert Schumann: Arabeske in C, Op. 18 (1839)
Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller (1806-1874): Op. 100 (1852)
Hans von Bülow: Arabesques sur un thême de l’opéra Rigoletto (1853)
Moritz Moszkowski: Opp. 15/2 (1877), 61 (1899), 95/4 and 96/5(1920)
Enrique Granados: Arabesca, Op. 31, H. 142 (1890)
Cécile Chaminade: Opp. 61 (1892) and 92 (1898)
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-93)
Anton Arensky: Op. 67 (1903)
Adolf Schulz-Evler: Op. 12 Arabesques on "An der schönen blauen Donau"(1904)
Edward MacDowell (1860-1908)
Louis Vierne: Arabesque, Op. 31/15 (1913-4)
Jean Sibelius: Arabesque, Op. 76/9 (1914)
Bohuslav Martinů: Seven Arabesques for cello and piano (1931)
Edward Joseph Collins: Arabesque for violin an piano (1933)
William Kroll: Arabesque for violin an piano (1945) and for orchestra
Harold Budd: Arabesque 1, 2 & 3 (2005)
Samuel Hazo: Arabesque (2008)
Sigfrid Karg-Elert: Arabeske no.1 in G flat major Op.5 'Filigran'
See also
Arabesque (Turkish music)
References
Category:Western classical music styles | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Reinhard Brandl
Dr. Reinhard Brandl (born 11 August 1977) is a German politician of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU) who has been serving as a member of the German Bundestag since 2009, representing Ingolstadt.
Early life and education
Following his military service with the German Air Force in Manching, Brandl earned a degrees in industrial engineering from the University of Karlsruhe and the Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble between 1997 and 2003. For his diploma theses he stayed six months at the Xerox Research Centre Europe in Meylan. He subsequently took part in the doctoral program of the BMW Group and received his doctorate from Technical University of Munich. In 2009, he briefly worked as a consultant with Boston Consulting Group.
Political career
Brand was elected to the Bundestag in the 2009 national elections, succeeding Horst Seehofer.
Brandl has been a member of the Defense Committee since 2009. In 2013, he joined the Budget Committee, where he serves as his parliamentary group's rapporteur on the budgets of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Defence (since 2018). He is also a member of the so-called Confidential Committee (Vertrauensgremium) of the Budget Committee, which provides budgetary supervision for Germany’s three intelligence services, BND, BfV and MAD. In addition to his committee assignments, he has been a member of the German delegation to the Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly since 2019.
In the negotiations to form a Grand Coalition of Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democrats (CDU together with the Bavarian CSU) and the SPD following the 2013 German elections, he was part of the CDU/CSU delegation in the working group on digital policy, led by Dorothee Bär and Brigitte Zypries. In similar negotiations after the 2017 federal elections, he was part of the same working group, this time led by Bär, Helge Braun and Lars Klingbeil.
Political positions
Throughout his time on the Budget Committee, Brandl has been a proponent of the Merkel government’s policy to refrain from any net new borrowing and instead focus all efforts on achieving a structurally balanced national budget.
Brandl has in the past voted in favor of German participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions as well as in United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping missions on the African continent, such as in Somalia – both Operation Atalanta and EUTM Somalia – (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017), Darfur/Sudan (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2017), South Sudan (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2017), Mali (2013, 2014, 2015 and 2017), the Central African Republic (2014) and Liberia (2015).
In June 2017, Brandl voted against Germany’s introduction of same-sex marriage.
Other activities
Nuclear Waste Disposal Fund, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2017)
Bundesverband eMobilität (BEM), Member of the Parliamentary Advisory Board
Gesellschaft für Sicherheitspolitik (GSP), Vice President
German Federal Film Board (FFA), Alternate Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2018)
Federal Agency for Civic Education, Member of the Board of Trustees (2009–2013)
References
Profile at the Bundestag website (German)
Category:1977 births
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the Bundestag for Bavaria
Category:People from Ingolstadt
Category:Christian Social Union in Bavaria politicians
Category:Karlsruhe Institute of Technology alumni
Category:Grenoble Institute of Technology alumni
Category:21st-century German politicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Walter Melchior
Walter P. Melchior (August 18, 1894 – October 22, 1976) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.
Biography
Melchior was born on August 18, 1894 in Green Bay, Wisconsin and grew up in Algoma, Wisconsin. During World War I, he served with the Rainbow Division of the United States Army. He was awarded the Silver Star and the Croix de guerre of France. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin Law School and was admitted to the bar in 1925. During World War II, he served as an officer with the Wisconsin Army National Guard. He died on October 22, 1976.
Political career
Melchior was elected to the Assembly in 1950. In addition, he was city attorney of New London, Wisconsin, as well as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1932 and 1948. He was a member of the Wisconsin Progressive Party.
References
Category:Politicians from Green Bay, Wisconsin
Category:People from New London, Wisconsin
Category:Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Category:Wisconsin lawyers
Category:Wisconsin Republicans
Category:Military personnel from Wisconsin
Category:National Guard of the United States officers
Category:United States Army soldiers
Category:American military personnel of World War I
Category:American army personnel of World War II
Category:Recipients of the Silver Star
Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Category:University of Wisconsin Law School alumni
Category:1894 births
Category:1976 deaths
Category:20th-century American politicians
Category:Wisconsin National Guard personnel
Category:People from Algoma, Wisconsin | {
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Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle S13
The Men's 400 metre freestyle S13 event at the 2016 Paralympic Games took place on 12 September 2016, at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. Two heats were held. The swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.
Heats
Heat 1
9:30 12 September 2016:
Heat 2
9:37 12 September 2016:
Final
17:30 12 September 2016:
Notes
Category:Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Lake County Courthouse (Indiana)
The Lake County Courthouse, in Crown Point, Indiana, also referred to as the "Grand Old Lady", is a former county courthouse building that now houses the Lake County Historical Society Museum, offices, city court, and the chamber of commerce. The building is a combination of architectural styles, including Romanesque and Georgian. It was designed in 1878 by John C. Cochrane of Chicago, Illinois and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Crown Point Courthouse Square Historic District.
History
Lake County was organized in 1837 and a small log structure was used as the courthouse. At the time the county was created, three towns were vying to be the County Seat, Lake Court House (the name for Crown Point), Liverpool and West Point. In 1839 the County Commissioners picked Liverpool as the County Seat. Local dissatisfaction brought the state into the process and the following year (1840), Lake Court House was selected. Solon Robinson and Judge William Clark, with County Agent George Earle, gave Lake Court House a new name and in 1868 the town was incorporated as Crown Point.
Meanwhile, in 1849 the log courthouse was replaced by a frame building at a cost of $10,000. By 1876 the frame courthouse was too small. Prominent Chicago architect John C. Cochrane designed a larger and more ornate building. The central portion, including the clock tower, was started in 1878 and dedicated in 1880. The cost was $52,000.00. The brick facade is made of local bricks from the Henry Wise brickyard. The towers were added in 1907 and dedicated in 1909 at a cost of $160,000.00.
References
External links
Category:Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Lake County, Indiana
Category:Government buildings completed in 1880
Category:County courthouses in Indiana
Category:Buildings and structures in Lake County, Indiana
Category:Clock towers in Indiana
Category:1880 establishments in Indiana | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Pokémon Black 2 and White 2
are role-playing video games developed by Game Freak, published by The Pokémon Company and Nintendo for the Nintendo DS. Part of the fifth generation of the Pokémon video game series, the games are direct sequels to Pokémon Black and Pokémon White, being the first sequels in the series. They were first released in Japan in June 2012, with a worldwide release following in October 2012. The games were first revealed on the February 26, 2012 episode of the Japanese television program Pokémon Smash!, followed by an international confirmation on the Pokémon official website. The games feature the legendary Pokémon identified by Junichi Masuda as Black Kyurem and White Kyurem.
A “Pokémon Grey” game was not released due to the title clashing with the theme of opposites found in Black and White.
Gameplay
Pokémon Black 2 and White 2 are set two years after the events of Black and White, and much of the beginning events take place in new locations on the western side of the Unova region. These new locations also feature several Pokémon that were previously unavailable in Black and White, featuring a total of 300 unique creatures available from the start of the game.
A new game mechanic introduced in Black 2 and White 2 is the "PokéStar Studios" side-game, where the player character participates in the filming of a movie involving Pokémon and other actors. A character named Brycen-Man also appears, as Brycen from the original games returned to his movie career. Another new mechanic is the Pokémon World Tournament, where the player battles powerful trainers from the previous games in the series, ranging from Gym Leaders Brock, Misty, Volkner, and Giovanni to Champions Cynthia, Steven, and Lance.
Black 2 and White 2 are also compatible with a new downloadable game for the Nintendo 3DS, Pokémon Dream Radar. Pokémon AR Searcher introduces the character Professor Burnet, as well as alternate forms for the Pokémon Tornadus, Thundurus, and Landorus, which can be transferred to Black 2 and White 2 after being captured in AR Searcher. Additionally, the Dream World makes a return from Pokémon Black and White, however, it was shut down on January 14, 2014, alongside all other services for fifth generation games. The mythical Pokémon Keldeo also received a new form in the game, known as the Resolute form.
Story
The player and their rival begin their Pokémon journey in the previously unexplorable western side of Unova. They live in the new Aspertia City, and receive their starter Pokémon from Bianca, an NPC that served as one of the player's rivals in Black and White. The player also meets Cheren, the other rival character, who is now a Gym Leader in Aspertia City. Much like other Pokémon games, the player travels around the region, battling Gym Leaders to acquire eight Gym Badges, and then goes on to challenge the Elite Four of the Pokémon League and its champion to beat the game.
The plot of Black 2 and White 2 features the antagonistic Neo Team Plasma, whom the player first encounters while running an errand, and later when travelling to the first other major city where the team announces its plans to take over the world and steal others' Pokémon in front of the player, the rival, and new Gym Leader Roxie. At the behest of Iris, the player helps Burgh track down more Neo Team Plasma members in the sewers of Castelia City, where the player meets Colress for the first time, who claims to be a researcher of the strengths of Pokémon.
Later, it is revealed that Neo Team Plasma has stolen a Purrloin the player's rival was planning on giving to his sister, which makes the rival angry towards the organization, including its reformed former members. After learning about the legendary Pokémon Kyurem, which arrived at the Giant Chasm years ago, the player discovers that Neo Team Plasma is working to use Kyurem to take over the world, harnessing its power to freeze large portions of Unova, including Opelucid City. The player tracks Neo Team Plasma to Humilau City, home of the final new Pokémon Gym led by Marlon, who helps the player battle Neo Team Plasma to remove Kyurem from their grasp. He also helps the rival retrieve his Purrloin, which has since evolved into a Liepard that is used in battle against the player and rival.
The battle reaches its climax in the Giant Chasm, where the player discovers Colress is working with Neo Team Plasma to learn more about the capabilities of Pokémon, and that Ghetsis is planning to use Kyurem, the "empty" Pokémon that is left over from when Zekrom and Reshiram split apart hundreds of years ago, by filling it with his ambition to rule the world. After battling the Shadow Triad with help from the player's rival, who receives his Liepard back, the player enters the inner sanctum of the Giant Chasm where they find Kyurem and Ghetsis. N appears with either his Zekrom in Black 2 or Reshiram in White 2 to try to talk sense into his father Ghetsis, but N's legendary Pokémon is defeated by and fused with Kyurem, transforming it into Black Kyurem in Black 2 or White Kyurem in White 2, and forcing the player to battle it. After defeating Kyurem, it separates from N's Pokémon and the player faces Ghetsis, who is stunned that he has been defeated again. N tries to talk sense into him, but Ghetsis leaves, and N thanks the player for his assistance in defeating Neo Team Plasma once and for all. After defeating Neo Team Plasma, the player is finally able to battle the Elite Four and the new Champion of the Unova League, Iris, and complete the main story.
After the game's main story is completed, the player is able to challenge N who has taken up residence in his former castle, where upon the defeat of his legendary Pokémon, it turns into the object that once held its essence and N gives it to the player. The player can then bring the item to another part of Unova where it transforms back into the Pokémon and the player can then capture it. Also, after completion of the game, the player can battle former Unova Champion Alder, Sinnoh Champion Cynthia, the former Striaton City Gym Leaders, and take on the Black Tower or White Treehollow challenges in Black City or White Forest, respectively. Through use of a unique game feature called "Memory Link", the player can access new content and side quests dependent on the original Black and White games, such as references to the player's name in the previous game, flashback sequences, the ability to capture Pokémon that once belonged to N, battling Cheren and Bianca who reminisce about the protagonist of the previous game, and participating in the Pokémon World Tournament.
Development
Music
Pokémon Black 2 and White 2 background music contains the music of Pokémon Black and White, adds brand new tracks, and utilizes the arrangements of most tracks from Pokémon Black and White. The official soundtrack of the game titled was released in Japan on July 25, 2012. Its DISC 4 also includes music from Pokémon Black and White, Pokémon Emerald, and Pokémon Platinum, which had not seen an original soundtrack release prior.
Reception
The games received "generally favorable reviews" from critics and holds an aggregate score of 80 according to Metacritic. Famitsu magazine awarded Black 2 and White 2 a point total of 36/40, slightly lower than their perfectly scoring predecessors. The games also received a 9.6/10 from IGN, praising the overall changes from their predecessors.
, Pokémon Black 2 and White 2 have combined sales of 7.81 million copies worldwide.
Notes
References
External links
Category:2012 video games
Category:Game Freak games
Category:Japanese role-playing video games
Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games
Category:Nintendo DS games
Category:Nintendo DS-only games
Category:Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection games
Black 2 and White 2
Category:Role-playing video games
Category:Video game sequels
Category:Video games developed in Japan
Category:Video games featuring protagonists of selectable gender
Category:Video games with alternate versions
Category:Video games with downloadable content | {
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1070 Tunica
1070 Tunica, provisional designation , is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 September 1926, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after Petrorhagia, a flowering plant also known as "Tunica".
Orbit and classification
Tunica is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. Conversely, is has also been considered a core member of the Ursula family. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.0–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 10 months (2,123 days; semi-major axis of 3.23 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 17° with respect to the ecliptic.
The body's observation arc begins with its identification as at Heidelberg in September 1903, or 23 years prior to its official discovery observation.
Physical characteristics
Tunica is an assumed C-type asteroid.
Rotation period
In May 2017, a rotational lightcurve of Tunica was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer René Roy. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 15.8 hours with a brightness variation of 0.24 magnitude (). Another lightcurve obtained in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in February 2010 gave a period of 15.673 hours and an amplitude of 0.32 magnitude ().
Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Tunica measures between 33.77 and 44.135 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0476 and 0.076.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 33.79 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.08.
Naming
This minor planet was named after "Tunica" (Petrorhagia), a flowering plant derived from the common gillyflower.
Reinmuth's flowers
Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between and . This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).
References
External links
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
001070
Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth
Category:Minor planets named for plants
Category:Named minor planets
19260901 | {
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Mahmudabad, Mazandaran
Mahmudabad (, also Romanized as Maḥmūdâbâd) is a city and capital of Mahmudabad County, Mazandaran Province, Iran.
It is located on the Caspian Sea.
At the 2006 census, its population was 27,561, in 7,513 families.
References
Category:Cities in Mazandaran Province
Category:Populated places in Mahmudabad County
Category:Populated coastal places in Iran
Category:Populated places on the Caspian Sea | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Mormon Bar, California
Mormon Bar is an unincorporated community in Mariposa County, California. It is located south-southeast of Mariposa, at an elevation of 1772 feet (540 m). Mormon Bar is located near State Route 49.
It was settled during the California Gold Rush. Mormons occupied the place during the winter of 1849/50. It was first mined by members of the Mormon Battalion in 1849. They did not stay very long, and other miners came and occupied the site.
At one time there was a significant Chinese presence there.
Mormon Bar is California Historical Landmark #323.
It is somewhat of a ghost town, and is listed on many maps and ghost town travel guides as such.
References
External links
Placenames
Ghosttowns
Mariposa Historical Landmarks
Category:Unincorporated communities in Mariposa County, California
Category:Mining communities of the California Gold Rush
Category:California Historical Landmarks
Category:Ghost towns in California
Category:Populated places established in 1849
Category:1849 establishments in California
Category:Unincorporated communities in California | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Nitish Mishra
Nitish Mishra (born 9 July 1973) is an Indian politician hailing from eastern Indian state of Bihar, India. He represents Jhanjharpur assembly constituency in Madhubani district in 13th, 14th and 15th Bihar Legislative Assembly. He is presently Vice President, BJP - Bihar.
He is contesting as BJP candidate from Jhanjharpur assembly constituency. Mishra had been at the helm of various ministries in Bihar government between 2005 and 2015. These included ministry of Rural Development, Department of Social Welfare, Department of Disaster Management(Minister of State, Independent Charge) and Department of Sugarcane Development (Minister of State, Independent Charge).
Early life and education
Nitish Mishra was born in a prominent political family of Bihar. His father Jagannath Mishra served thrice as the Chief Minister of Bihar.
Mishra's uncle, the late Lalit Narayan Mishra was also a well-known politician who held many cabinet berths during his career. Lalit Narayan Mishra was assassinated in a sensational bomb blast at a function in Samastipur, Bihar in 1975.
School Days
Mishra did his schooling at St. Michael’s High School, Patna and was also the school captain in 1990-91.
College Years
Mishra earned a bachelor's degree in history from the University of Delhi in 1994. He won College Crest Award for Co-curricular and Academic Excellence in the same year. In 1995, he graduated from the Fore School of Management, New Delhi and Maastricht School of Management, Netherlands with a Masters in Business Administration) In 1998, he went on to earn a post graduate diploma in Global Political Economy from the University of Hull, United Kingdom. He has also been awarded a Certificate of Completion for the Emerging Leader's Programme from Kennedy School at Harvard University, Executive Education.
Pre political career
Before joining politics, Mishra was an educationist and also dabbled in social work. From April 1999 to March 2002 he worked as Assistant Director for Bihar Institute of Economic Studies, a non-profit economic and social research organization.
From April 2002 to February 2005 Mishra was Additional Director (Administration) of the LN Mishra College of Business Management, Muzaffarpur an autonomous institution under Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University.
Political career
Performance in Assembly elections
Mishra has been consecutively elected to the 13th, 14th and 15th Bihar Legislative Assembly from Mishra family stronghold of Jhanjharpur Assembly Constituency in Madhubani. His father Jagannath Mishra also won the same seat five times(1972 to 1990).
Ministerial Berths in Bihar Government
Between 2005 and 2015, Mishra held charge of three different ministries in the Bihar Government. He served as Minister, Department of Rural Development,(November 2010 to February 2015), State Minister(Independent Charge), Department of Disaster Management(April 2008 to March 2009), and State Minister(Independent Charge, Department of Sugarcane Development(November 2005 to April 2008).
Performance as Minister, Department of Rural Development
Mishra is credited with revamping Department of Rural Development during his stint as minister. The department won three national prizes/recognition during his tenure. Two of these prizes were for effective and transparent implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, The department won the first prize in ‘Transparency and Accountability in Implementation in MGNREGA’ and the second prize in ‘Convergence in MGNREGA’.
To ensure transparency and accountability in Department of Rural Development, all panchayat bank accounts were mapped on the Central Plan Scheme Monitoring System to streamline release of funds from district to panchayats. E-muster rolls were made mandatory to put an end to fake muster rolls and to make the process transparent and fool proof and regular social audits were conducted by gram sabhas.
Weekly MGNREGA Diwas was also observed every Wednesday to monitor the quality of work and processes in MGNREGA.
Information related to MGNREGA was put in public domain through a management information system.
Mishra also made it mandatory for the schemes to be wall painted, photographed and uploaded on a management information system.
For effective convergence with state rural development mission (Jeevika), self-employment and small entrepreneurship scheme as poultry farming, pond management, goat Rearing etc. were allowed to be taken up under MGNREGA.
Young professionals with degrees from prestigious institutes like LSE and IRMA were hired to implement state projects under National Rural Livelihood Mission.
Department of Rural Development, under the stewardship of Mishra inked memoranda of understanding with companies to provide training to the youth in state through skill development centres.
To bring about transparency and integrity in implementation of Indira Awas Yojna he came up with the innovative idea of holding block level disbursement camps for beneficiaries of the scheme. These camps were held in front of Ministers and Secretaries in charge of various districts, Divisional Commissioner, District Magistrate and panchayat level public representatives.
In an unprecedented move, Mishra adopted a policy of strict action to ensure people completed construction of their houses within a stipulated time period . Block administration was directed to issue white notices to those failed to complete their houses after two years of getting the first instalment. If the beneficiaries did not take action even after three months of issuance of the white notices, they are again issued red notices.
If he took action against defaulters, Mishra also made sure that he encouraged those who adhered to deadlines. An incentive of Rs. 2000 was announced for Mahadalit beneficiaries who completed their houses within two month of getting their second installment. Madalit families were also given incentives to build toilets in their houses.
Much before "Swach Bharat Abhiyan" gained popularity, Mishra took steps to enforce cleanliness by linking payment of final installment to Indira Awas Yojna beneficiaries with construction of toilets.
Mishra also introduced monitoring of Indira Awas Yojna completions through satellite based geotagged and time-stamped photography. This was an unheard of practice in Bihar and unparalleled in Indira Awas Yojna monitoring in the nation.
Mishra facilitated the setting up of online recruitment portal "Samvida" to recruit over 10,000 block and panchayat level staff for looking after Indira Awas Yojna. These recruitments were made in a short period of four months. Project Samvida got national recognition when it won the National Award for e-Governance (gold medal ) in the specific sector award category.
Department of Rural Development under Mishra’s leadership played an active role in setting up Development Management Institute, a state of art management institute in Bihar. This institute has been oriented to create a cadre of development management professionals and enhance competence of existing practitioners.
During Mishra’s tenure as the Minister for Department of Rural Development, Bihar became the first State to publish the draft list of Socio Economic and Caste Census (SECC) and distribute it to the actually surveyed people for putting forth their claims and objection against the draft publication. This was a mammoth task considering the size of population and limitations like delay in release of funds from the GoI(Government of India). Fifty lakh application were received from across the state for redressal of claims and objections in the draft publication which were disposed of in a record time. This SECC data was made available to the Food and Consumer Protection Department, Bihar and thus became the basis of rollout of the Food Security Act in Bihar.
As the Rural Development Minister, Mishra paved the way for creation of a separate cadre of Rural Development Officers and young officers were appointed for all 534 Blocks of Bihar through Bihar Public Service Commission. These officers were provided quality training of governmental rules and regulations, best practices in management and leadership, need for re-engineering governmental process, official etiquette and sensitivity to the needy at Bihar Institute of Public Administration and Rural Development. He also designed a performance appraisal mechanism for the regular and transparent evaluation of these BDO’s across state with the help of Harvard Kennedy School.
Performance as Minister, Department of Social Welfare
While at the helm of affairs at the Department of Social Welfare, Mishra initiated development of MIS wherein all information related to any Anganwadi Centre and the tagged/covered families was to be put online. An iris based bio-metric identification system for all the beneficiaries of any AWC was also created along with transferring funds directly to them. This process expedited the fund delivery system and reduced scope of any leakage in the process
Performance as Minister of State, Department of Disaster Management
As MoS, Department of Disaster Management, Mishra supervised one of nation's biggest rescue and relief operations for over three million people affected by flooding of river Kosi in August 2008. The floods were declared as a national calamity by the then Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh.
Supaul, Madhepura, Araria and Saharsa were the four worst affected districts. Stationing himself at Araria, Mishra personally monitored relief and rescue operations. He used his personal rapport | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Psychiatric intensive-care unit
A Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) is a type of psychiatric in-patient ward. On these wards staffing levels are higher than on a normal acute admission ward.
PICUs are designed to look after patients who cannot be managed on open (unlocked) psychiatric wards due to the level of risk the patient poses to themselves or others. The patient's length of stay is normally short (a few weeks) rather than prolonged as the patient should be treated and returned to an open ward as soon as their mental state is stable. Many PICUs have a seclusion room.
There is a common misconception amongst the public and some patients that a PICU is a type of "punishment ward" or "segregation unit" (as found in UK prisons). The role of a PICU does not encompass either of these two functions and patients are not sent to a PICU as a punishment for their behaviour. Clinical assessment of the risks posed by the patient to themselves and to others should be included in any decision to transfer a patient to a PICU.
Environment
PICUs typically have the following environmental components:
Higher than normal staff to patient ratios;
All exit/entry doors are locked;
Windows have restricted opening widths;
Visitors have their bags searched on entry, and dangerous items are removed;
Access to areas such as the unit's kitchen and secure external area (such as a garden) are controlled and risk assessed for each patient.
National Association of Psychiatric Intensive Care Units
The UK based National Association of Psychiatric Intensive Care Units and low secure units (NAPICU) is a multi professional organisation which aims to improve the practice within PICUs and low secure services, undertake research and audit and provide training and education. NAPICU has helped develop national guidance and worked with partner organisations to help develop standards for units to become accredited.
Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care
The Association publishes the Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care.
External links
NAPICU website
Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care
Category:Psychiatric treatments | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Leaping Lena
Leaping Lena was a West German racing pigeon who got lost in Czechoslovakia during a routine 1954 flight. When she returned home two days later, there was a message addressed to Radio Free Europe attached to one of her legs. It read:
It was signed "Unbowed Pilsen."
Leaping Lena was brought to the United States in August 1954, quarantined for 3 weeks, and then was used to raise money for Radio Free Europe as part of a publicity campaign for the Crusade for Freedom.
Leaping Lena was then kept at Fort Monmouth's Pigeon Breeding and Training Center. When the Center was deactivated in 1957, fifteen hero pigeons were donated to zoos, while about a thousand others were sold to the public.
References
Further reading
External links
The following raise skepticism, noting that the Crusade for Freedom was a CIA front.
Category:Animals in politics
Category:Anti-communism
Category:Individual domesticated pigeons | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Thion Department
Thion is a department or commune of Gnagna Province in northern Burkina Faso. Its capital lies at the town of Thion.
Towns and villages
References
Category:Departments of Burkina Faso
Category:Gnagna Province | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Hartvig Nielsen
Hartvig Nielsen (1 April 1908 – unknown) was a Danish chess player, Danish Chess Championship medalist (1941).
Biography
From the late 1930s to the late 1950s, Hartvig Nielsen was one of the leading Danish chess players. He won silver medal in Danish Chess Championships in 1941.
Hartvig Nielsen played for Denmark in the unofficial Chess Olympiad:
In 1936, at second reserve board in the 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad in Munich (+2, =0, -3).
Hartvig Nielsen played for Denmark in the Chess Olympiad:
In 1950, at reserve board in the 9th Chess Olympiad in Dubrovnik (+3, =1, -6).
References
External links
Hartvig Nielsen chess games at 365chess.com
Category:1908 births
Category:Year of death missing
Category:Danish chess players
Category:Chess Olympiad competitors | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Hoppity
Hoppity may refer to:
Hoppity, a British board game of the 19th century, which was the inspiration for Halma
Hoppity, a toy in the 1960s British puppet TV series Sara and Hoppity
Hoppity the Grasshopper, the main character in the 1941 American animated film Mr. Bug Goes to Town
Hoppity Hooper, an American animated TV series of the 1960s
See also
Space hopper, also known as hoppity hop, a rubber ball toy | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
John Spencer (sheriff)
Sir John Spencer (1524–1586) was an English nobleman, politician, knight, sheriff, landowner, and Member of Parliament. He was an early member of the Spencer family.
Life and family
Spencer was the son of Sir William Spencer of Wormleighton Manor, Warwickshire, and Althorp, Northamptonshire, and his wife Susan Knightley, daughter of Sir Richard Knightley of Fawsley, Northamptonshire. He was probably trained in law at the Middle Temple and succeeded his father in 1532. He was knighted in 1553.
He was appointed Sheriff of Northamptonshire for 1551–52, 1558–59, 1571–72 and 1583–84. He was elected as a Knight of the Shire (MP) for Northamptonshire in April, 1554, and again in 1558.
Marriage and issue
Spencer married by 1545 Katherine Kitson, the daughter of Sir Thomas Kitson of the City of London and of Hengrave Hall, Suffolk. They had five sons and six daughters, including
Sir John Spencer (died 1600), who succeeded to his father's estates at Wormleighton and Althorp
Elizabeth Spencer, Baroness Hunsdon
Alice Spencer, who married Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby. Their daughter Anne (1580–1647) was heiress presumptive to the English throne upon the death of Elizabeth I according to the will of Henry VIII and the Third Succession Act. As Countess of Derby, Alice was a noted patron of the arts. The poet Edmund Spenser represented her as the character "Amaryllis" in his eclogue Colin Clouts Come Home Againe (1595) and she was the dedicatee of his poem The Teares of the Muses (1591).
Sir William Spencer, the third son, who became a landowner in Yarnton, Oxfordshire. His son Thomas was Member of Parliament for Woodstock 1604-1611, and was created Baronet of Yarnton on 29 June 1611 in the Baronetage of England.
Sir Richard Spencer, the fourth son, whose son John was a landowner in Offley Place, Great Offley, Hertfordshire, and was created Baronet of Offley on 14 March 1627 in the Baronetage of England.
Anne Spencer, who made three notable marriages, the third being to Robert Sackville, 2nd Earl of Dorset
Sir John Spencer died on 8 November 1586, and was buried with his wife Katherine Kitson in St Mary the Virgin Church, Great Brington (the parish church for Althorp) where his epitaph lists his sons, his daughters and their husbands. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Sir John Spencer (died 1600).
Notes
References
Category:1524 births
Category:1586 deaths
Category:People from Warwickshire
Category:Spencer-Churchill family
Category:High Sheriffs of Northamptonshire
Category:People of the Tudor period
Category:English MPs 1554
Category:English MPs 1558 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Pappa polis (TV series)
Pappa polis is a 2002 miniseries for children, based on Laura Trenter's novel Pappa polis.
Selected cast
Daniel Bragderyd - Julian Ståhl
Ola Rapace - Jim Pettersson
Jakob Eklund - Fredrik Ståhl
Thomas Hanzon - Martin
Inga Ålenius - Grandmother
Daniel Dunér - Mikael
Göran Forsmark - Arne Holmberg
Fredrik Hammar - Hunter
Henrik Hjelt - Executioner
Nathalie Kullenberg - Rebecka Ståhl
Ingar Sigvardsdotter - Anna Ståhl, mother
Bill Skarsgård - Tony
Daniel Widlund - Kent
References
External links
Category:2002 Swedish television series endings
Category:2002 Swedish television series debuts | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ekaterina Semenova
Ekaterina Semenova (Russian: Екатерина Семёновна Семёнова; 18 November 1786–13 March 1849) was an actress in the Russian Empire.
Life
Semenova became a student in the Saint Petersburg Theatre School in 1790 where she was instructed by Ivan Dmitrevsky and debuted at the stage in 1797. She eventually became the leading interpreter of plays of William Shakespeare, Jean Racine, Friedrich Schiller and Vladislav Ozerov. She was coached by director Prince Sharkovsky and the poet Nikolay Gnedich.
Semenova was admired for her beauty, deep voice and passionate way of acting. She was mentioned in the poems of Alexander Pushkin, but also talked about because of her rivalry with Marguerite Georges, who was very popular in the Russian Empire at the time.
She retired in 1820, but returned in 1822 and made a great success with Phèdre in 1823. In 1826, Semenova married Prince Ivan Gagarin and afterwards only performed in private theatres.
References
Sources
Jennifer S. Uglow, The Macmillan Dictionary of Women's Biography.
External links
Ekaterina Semyonova at the St. Petersburg Encyclopedia
Category:1786 births
Category:1849 deaths
Category:18th-century Russian actresses
Category:19th-century Russian actresses
Category:Gagarin family
Category:Burials at Tikhvin Cemetery | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Worcester State Hospital Farmhouse
The Worcester State Hospital Farmhouse is a historic psychiatric hospital building at 361 Plantation Street, on the former grounds of the Worcester State Hospital in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built in 1895, it is a well-preserved local example of Georgian Revival architecture, and is notable as a prototype for similar buildings in the Massachusetts state hospital network. It served as an outbuilding of Worcester State Hospital until 1969, housing select residents who worked in its fields. It now houses state mental health offices. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.
Description and history
The former Worcester State Hospital Farmhouse is located near the eastern edge of the former Worcester State Hospital complex, a property of more than that has in part been redeveloped for commercial purposes. It is located just west of Plantation Street and south of Research Drive. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building that is L-shaped and covered by a hip roof with two cupolas. The building was historically divided functionally into a residence for the farm overseer and his family, with a dormitory and residence wing for hospital staff and inmates. The long dormitory wing is fronted on the Plantation Street side by a long shed-roof porch with a tall latticework skirt obscuring the basement and Tuscan columns for support.
The farmhouse was built in 1895 to a design by the Worcester architects Fuller & Delano. The Worcester State Hospital, founded in 1833 as the Worcester Lunatic Asylum, had been experiencing increased demand for its services, and in 1870 the state purchased land for the campus on Worcester's east side. The main building, a large Kirkbride Plan was built soon afterward (and was largely demolished in the 1990s). At the time of the 1870 land purchase, one of the extant farmhouses was adapted for use to house patients and staff involved in the hospital's agricultural activities. This building was built as a replacement for that house, and is a particularly elegant example of Georgian Revival architecture. Its design was used as a model for similar buildings at Danvers State Hospital (since demolished), Medfield State Hospital, and Westborough State Hospital.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in eastern Worcester, Massachusetts
References
Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Category:Colonial Revival architecture in Massachusetts
Category:Houses completed in 1895
Category:Houses in Worcester, Massachusetts
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Worcester, Massachusetts
Category:Historic district contributing properties in Massachusetts
Category:1895 establishments in Massachusetts | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Software cracking
Software cracking (known as "breaking" in the 1980s) is the modification of software to remove or disable features which are considered undesirable by the person cracking the software, especially copy protection features (including protection against the manipulation of software, serial number, hardware key, date checks and disc check) or software annoyances like nag screens and adware.
A crack refers to the means of achieving, for example a stolen serial number or a tool that performs that act of cracking. Some of these tools are called keygen, patch, or loader. A keygen is a handmade product serial number generator that often offers the ability to generate working serial numbers in your own name. A patch is a small computer program that modifies the machine code of another program. This has the advantage for a cracker to not include a large executable in a release when only a few bytes are changed. A loader modifies the startup flow of a program and does not remove the protection but circumvents it. A well-known example of a loader is a trainer used to cheat in games. Fairlight pointed out in one of their .nfo files that these type of cracks are not allowed for warez scene game releases. A nukewar has shown that the protection may not kick in at any point for it to be a valid crack.
The distribution of cracked copies is illegal in most countries. There have been lawsuits over cracking software. It might be legal to use cracked software in certain circumstances. Educational resources for reverse engineering and software cracking are, however, legal and available in the form of Crackme programs.
History
The first software copy protection was applied to software for the Apple II, Atari 800, and Commodore 64 computers.. Software publishers have implemented increasingly complex methods in an effort to stop unauthorized copying of software.
On the Apple II, unlike modern computers that use standardized device drivers to manage device communications, the operating system directly controlled the step motor that moves the floppy drive head, and also directly interpreted the raw data, called nibbles, read from each track to identify the data sectors. This allowed complex disk-based software copy protection, by storing data on half tracks (0, 1, 2.5, 3.5, 5, 6...), quarter tracks (0, 1, 2.25, 3.75, 5, 6...), and any combination thereof. In addition, tracks did not need to be perfect rings, but could be sectioned so that sectors could be staggered across overlapping offset tracks, the most extreme version being known as spiral tracking. It was also discovered that many floppy drives did not have a fixed upper limit to head movement, and it was sometimes possible to write an additional 36th track above the normal 35 tracks. The standard Apple II copy programs could not read such protected floppy disks, since the standard DOS assumed that all disks had a uniform 35-track, 13- or 16-sector layout. Special nibble-copy programs such as Locksmith and Copy II Plus could sometimes duplicate these disks by using a reference library of known protection methods; when protected programs were cracked they would be completely stripped of the copy protection system, and transferred onto a standard format disk that any normal Apple II copy program could read.
One of the primary routes to hacking these early copy protections was to run a program that simulates the normal CPU operation. The CPU simulator provides a number of extra features to the hacker, such as the ability to single-step through each processor instruction and to examine the CPU registers and modified memory spaces as the simulation runs (any modern disassembler/debugger can do this). The Apple II provided a built-in opcode disassembler, allowing raw memory to be decoded into CPU opcodes, and this would be utilized to examine what the copy-protection was about to do next. Generally there was little to no defense available to the copy protection system, since all its secrets are made visible through the simulation. However, because the simulation itself must run on the original CPU, in addition to the software being hacked, the simulation would often run extremely slowly even at maximum speed.
On Atari 8-bit computers, the most common protection method was via "bad sectors". These were sectors on the disk that were intentionally unreadable by the disk drive. The software would look for these sectors when the program was loading and would stop loading if an error code was not returned when accessing these sectors. Special copy programs were available that would copy the disk and remember any bad sectors. The user could then use an application to spin the drive by constantly reading a single sector and display the drive RPM. With the disk drive top removed a small screwdriver could be used to slow the drive RPM below a certain point. Once the drive was slowed down the application could then go and write "bad sectors" where needed. When done the drive RPM was sped up back to normal and an uncracked copy was made. Of course cracking the software to expect good sectors made for readily copied disks without the need to meddle with the disk drive. As time went on more sophisticated methods were developed, but almost all involved some form of malformed disk data, such as a sector that might return different data on separate accesses due to bad data alignment. Products became available (from companies such as Happy Computers) which replaced the controller BIOS in Atari's "smart" drives. These upgraded drives allowed the user to make exact copies of the original program with copy protections in place on the new disk.
On the Commodore 64, several methods were used to protect software. For software distributed on ROM cartridges, subroutines were included which attempted to write over the program code. If the software was on ROM, nothing would happen, but if the software had been moved to RAM, the software would be disabled. Because of the operation of Commodore floppy drives, one write protection scheme would cause the floppy drive head to bang against the end of its rail, which could cause the drive head to become misaligned. In some cases, cracked versions of software were desirable to avoid this result. A misaligned drive head was rare usually fixing itself by smashing against the rail stops. Another brutal protection scheme was grinding from track 1 to 40 and back a few times.
Most of the early software crackers were computer hobbyists who often formed groups that competed against each other in the cracking and spreading of software. Breaking a new copy protection scheme as quickly as possible was often regarded as an opportunity to demonstrate one's technical superiority rather than a possibility of money-making. Some low skilled hobbyists would take already cracked software and edit various unencrypted strings of text in it to change messages a game would tell a game player, often something considered vulgar. Uploading the altered copies on file sharing networks provided a source of laughs for adult users. The cracker groups of the 1980s started to advertise themselves and their skills by attaching animated screens known as crack intros in the software programs they cracked and released. Once the technical competition had expanded from the challenges of cracking to the challenges of creating visually stunning intros, the foundations for a new subculture known as demoscene were established. Demoscene started to separate itself from the illegal "warez scene" during the 1990s and is now regarded as a completely different subculture. Many software crackers have later grown into extremely capable software reverse engineers; the deep knowledge of assembly required in order to crack protections enables them to reverse engineer drivers in order to port them from binary-only drivers for Windows to drivers with source code for Linux and other free operating systems. Also because music and game intro was such an integral part of gaming the music format and graphics became very popular when hardware became affordable for the home user.
With the rise of the Internet, software crackers developed secretive online organizations. In the latter half of the nineties, one of the most respected sources of information about "software protection reversing" was Fravia's website.
Most of the well-known or "elite" cracking groups make software cracks entirely for respect in the "Scene", not profit. From there, the cracks are eventually leaked onto public Internet sites by people/crackers who use well-protected/secure FTP release archives, which are made into full copies and sometimes sold illegally by other parties.
The Scene today is formed of small groups of skilled people, who informally compete to have the best crackers, methods of cracking, and reverse engineering.
+HCU
The High Cracking University (+HCU), was founded by Old Red Cracker (+ORC), considered a genius of reverse engineering and a legendary figure in RCE, to advance research into Reverse Code Engineering (RCE). He had also taught and authored many papers on the subject, and his texts are considered classics in the field and are mandatory reading for students of RCE.
The addition of the "+" sign in front of the nickname of a reverser signified membership in the +HCU. Amongst the students of +HCU were the top of the elite Windows reversers worldwide. +HCU published a new reverse engineering problem annually and a small number of respondents with the best replies qualified for an undergraduate position at the university.
+Fravia was a professor at +HCU. Fravia's website was known as "+Fravia's Pages of Reverse Engineering" and he used it to challenge programmers as well as the wider society to "reverse engineer" the "brainwashing of a corrupt and rampant materialism". In its heyday, his website received millions of visitors per year and its influence was "widespread".
Nowadays most of the graduates of +HCU have migrated to Linux and few have remained as Windows reversers. The information at the university has been rediscovered by a new generation of researchers and practitioners of RCE who have started new research projects in the field. | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Nuala Anne McGrail series
The Nuala Anne McGrail series of mystery novels were written by Roman Catholic priest and author Andrew M. Greeley.
The novels feature Nuala Anne McGrail and her husband, Dermot Michael Coyne.
Novels
There are twelve novels in the series:
Irish Gold (1994)
Irish Lace (1996)
Irish Whiskey (1998)
Irish Mist (1999)
Irish Eyes (2000)
Irish Love (2001)
Irish Stew! (2002)
Irish Cream (2005)
Irish Crystal (2006)
Irish Linen (2007)
Irish Tiger (2008)
Irish Tweed (2009)
Characters
Nuala Anne McGrail
Nuala Anne McGrail (née Moire Phioulaigh Ain Mac Griel, or Marie Fionnuala Anne McGrail) is a native of Carraroe, County Galway, Ireland popular and a very successful professional singer. She is married to Chicago native Dermot Michael Coyne. They met in Ireland but maintain their principal residence in Chicago. Nuala Anne is "fey," or psychic (one of the "dark ones"), and relies on her intuition to help her solve mysteries rooted in the past.
Dermot Michael Coyne
Dermot Michael Coyne is the American husband of Nuala Anne McGrail. He became an accidental millionnaire at the age of 25 while working at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, by mistakenly reversing an order. Deciding that he had no business being in that business, he retired to write. He is the primary narrator of the stories and assists Nuala Anne in solving mysteries (his photographic memory helps with historic and other relevant details), though he describes his involvement as being merely her "spear carrier."
Their family
Mary Anne, better known as Nellicoyne, is an avid and skilled photographer, and is also fey like her mother.
Micheal Dirmuid, named after his father and known as the Mick, is a year-and-half younger than Nellicoyne. A sports fan who loves to play with trucks, he also usually has a sketchbook in his pocket and often translates his sketches to computer graphics.
Socra Marie, a year-and-a half younger than the Mick, was a "miracle" child, beating the odds to survive a very premature birth. She is small for her age and wears glasses but makes up for it in vitality and is often referred to as the "tiny terrorist" for her unintentional skill in wreaking havoc.
Josef Porrig (Joseph Patrick), known as Jopat, is two-and-a-half years younger than Socra Marie. He was described by one of Dermot's sisters as "just like his father, big, strong, good-looking, and useless."
Fiona, a white Irish wolfhound, formerly with the Garda, is now the self-appointed guardian of Nuala Anne and her family.
Maeve, Fiona's offspring, also white, is co-guardian of the family.
Rev. George ("Prester George") Coyne, is Dermot Michael's brother.
Other recurring characters
Cardinal Sean Cronin
Coadjutor Archbishop John Blackwood ("Blackie") Ryan
Mike Casey
Cindasue L. McLeod, United States Coast Guard Captain, neighbor and friend; mother of Nelliecoyne's best friend.
Category:Novel series
Category:Mystery novels by series
*
Category:Chicago in fiction | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Tom Mitchell (Fijian rugby union)
Tom Mitchell (born 10 May 1958 in Taveuni) is a Fijian former rugby union footballer, who played as wing or centre.
Career
His first cap for Fiji was during a match against Tonga, at Nuku'alofa, on 28 June 1986. He was also part of the 1987 Rugby World Cup squad, where he played two matches, in the pool match against Italy and in the quarter-final lost against France. His last international cap was against Tonga, at Nadi, on 8 October 1988.
Notes
External links
Tom Mitchell international stats
Category:1958 births
Category:Fijian rugby union players
Category:Rugby union centres
Category:Rugby union wings
Category:Living people
Category:People from Taveuni
Category:I-Taukei Fijian people | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Hitchings
Hitchings is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
George H. Hitchings (1905-1998), American doctor who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology
Helen Hitchings (1920–2002), New Zealand art dealer
Henry Hitchings (born 1974), British author, reviewer and critic
Lionel Hitchings (born 1936), English cricketer
See also
Hitching (disambiguation)
Hitchin (disambiguation) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Samuel Livermore
Samuel Livermore (May 14, 1732May 18, 1803) was a U.S. politician. He was a U.S. Senator from New Hampshire from 1793 to 1801 and served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate in 1796 and again in 1799.
Life and career
Livermore was born in Waltham, Massachusetts, the son of Hannah (Brown) and Samuel Livermore, and attended Waltham schools. He graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1752, then studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1756, and commenced practice in Waltham. He moved to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1758 and later to Londonderry. He was a member of the New Hampshire General Court (the state's general assembly) 1768–1769. He was judge-advocate in the Admiralty court and Attorney General from 1769 to 1774. He moved to Holderness in 1775 and was State attorney for three years.
Livermore was a Member of the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1782 and again from 1785 to 1786. He was Chief Justice of the New Hampshire Superior Court of Judicature from 1782 to 1789, and a member of the State constitutional convention in 1788. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives for the First and Second Congresses, serving from March 4, 1789, to March 4, 1793. He was chairman of the House Committee on Elections in the Second Congress.
Livermore was president of the State constitutional convention in 1791 and in 1792 was elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate and was reelected in 1798 and served from March 4, 1793, until his resignation effective June 12, 1801, due to ill health. He served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Fourth and Sixth Congresses.
Livermore died in Holderness, New Hampshire, and is interred in Trinity Churchyard there. He is featured on a New Hampshire historical marker (number 39) along New Hampshire Route 175 in Holderness.
Livermore was the father of Arthur Livermore, a U.S. Representative from New Hampshire, and Edward St. Loe Livermore, a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.
References
External links
Category:1732 births
Category:1803 deaths
Category:Politicians from Waltham, Massachusetts
Category:American Episcopalians
Category:New Hampshire Federalists
Category:Continental Congressmen from New Hampshire
Category:18th-century American politicians
Category:United States senators from New Hampshire
Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from New Hampshire
Category:Chief Justices of the New Hampshire Supreme Court
Category:Princeton University alumni
Category:People of colonial Massachusetts
Category:Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Category:18th-century American judges
Category:18th-century American lawyers
Category:People from Holderness, New Hampshire | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
St Paul's Anglican Church, Ipswich
St Paul's Anglican Church is a heritage-listed church at 124 Brisbane Street, Ipswich, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1855 to 1929. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.
History
St Paul's Anglican Church is a Revival Gothic brick church completed in 1859, supervised by William Wakeling but probably to a design by Edmund Blacket. The side aisles were added in 1888/89, architect F.D.G. Stanley, and the western extensions were added in 1929, architect George Brockwell Gill.
The first Church of England services in Ipswich were held in a timber building in Ellenborough Street. A brick church was then erected in 1850 on the corner of Brisbane and Nicholas Streets, opposite the present-day church. This was always intended to be a temporary building and was later used as a Sunday School and day school; it was demolished in 1877.
The foundation stone of St Paul's was laid in 1855 but the church was not completed until June 1859. The architect is believed to have been Edmund Thomas Blacket. Ipswich at that time was in the Diocese of Newcastle and similar designs were used for St Paul's at West Maitland and St John's at Newcastle. Blacket's former pupil William Wakeling arrived in Ipswich in 1856 and worked there for several years including some time as the partner of Thomas Casey as builder/architects; he carried out supervision of St Paul's and was also responsible for "the internal arrangements".
The building was of a high quality because the church was designed and built at a time when Ipswich was socially and economically buoyant. There was also intense rivalry between Ipswich and Brisbane and the rector was hopeful of attracting the new bishop to the church, making Ipswich a cathedral town. A pipe organ was imported from England and installed in 1860, the first in the colony. This organ still exists, although it has been rebuilt, repaired and relocated.
The gallery was built in 1882. At the same time, two lancet windows were installed in the eastern wall and a cast iron porch was added.
North and south aisles were added in 1888, designed by F.D.G. Stanley and built by Robert Wilson and Co.
In 1926, the old cast iron "Galilee porch" was replaced by the present porch; the bell in this porch is from the 1850 church. In 1929, Ipswich architect and prominent parishioner George Brockwell Gill designed and supervised an extension to the chancel, and the addition of an organ chamber, sacristy, chapel and vestry to the west end and southern transept. Major conservation work was carried out in 1992 under the supervision of Buchanan Architects.
The church contains fine stained glass windows and numerous memorials including marble tablets honouring people notable in Queensland history such as George Thorn and Thomas de Lacy Moffat.
In the north-east corner is the Martyrs Chapel which honours New Guinea martyrs including medical missionary Mavis Parkinson who was killed by Japanese soldiers during World War II. The chapel contains a small bamboo cross in a glass case presented by the Bishop of South Tokyo and a cross found in an abandoned German mission. A Celtic cross in grey stone near the church entrance porch also honours Mavis Parkinson.
The church contains a memorial tablet for John Panton, an Ipswich pioneer, merchant and politician.
On 25 February 1966, the Governor of Queensland, Sir Henry Abel Smith, Governor of Queensland unveiled a commemorative baptismal font bowl and plaque in honour of Anna MacArthur (daughter of Philip Gidley King and wife of Hannibal Hawkins MacArthur), organised by the Queensland Women's Historical Association.
Hall
A church hall was built in 1908 but was demolished in 1962 along with the timber belltower and replaced by a new brick and steel parish centre which was dedicated as a war memorial; it was designed by Conrad and Gargett Architects.
Rectory
The rectory was built in 1895-6, designed by G. B. Gill. It replaced an earlier building on the same site which had become dilapidated. There have been only minor changes to this building since construction. It ceased being the rectory and is now used for church offices.
Grounds
The grounds of the church provide an attractive setting, and include a limestone perimeter wall, much of which was built prior to 1876. The Brisbane St section has long been a favourite place for Ipswich people to sit to watch processions. The limestone stone terraces were extended along Nicholas and Limestone Streets in the 1930s and the bus shelter in Nicholas Street was built in 1932.
Description
St Paul's Church occupies a whole block within the city centre of Ipswich. The site includes the church, church hall, rectory, gardens and perimeter limestone walls, all of which are dominant landmark elements within the urban setting.
The Revival Gothic church is of Latin cross plan form, with the sanctuary placed at the western end. External walls are of face brickwork and contain five arched windows of stained glass with small pivoting vents. The steeply-pitched gable roof is sheeted with flat pan-and-roll galvanised iron and is penetrated by dormer window ventilators. The roof structure consists of finely-proportioned hammer beam trusses which intersect above the crossing, supporting a raised lantern roof ventilator. The entrance porch is at the eastern end and leads to a foyer beneath the upper choir loft with timber screen, cast iron lace balustrading and cast iron spiral stair access. The new floor of the church is of traditional clear-finished hoop pine and walls are painted plaster. The church pews are of traditional design and appear to be original.
The northern transept now contains the organ and choir stalls, while the southern transept is extended to accommodate two vestries. Side aisles extend along both sides of the nave, terminating in small chapels at the western end. The church interior contains some fine timber joinery including sanctuary screens, communion rail and panelling of cedar and pine. The interior also contains numerous marble tablets and memorials, pulpit, baptismal font and lectern of fine quality. A chapel in the north-eastern corner of the nave honours Mavis Parkinson and contains an altar faced with New Guinea tapa cloth and a small bamboo cross in a glass case.
The rectory is a lowset timber building with verandahs on all sides and a fine projecting pedimented entrance porch to the east overlooking the town centre and d'Arcy Doyle Place. Walls are of chamferboard and the hipped roof is clad in corrugated galvanised iron. The roof form has distinctive metal ventilators and banks of brick chimneys with terracotta chimney pots.
The interior plan form of the rectory remains relatively unchanged except for minor modifications to accommodate the church offices, meeting rooms and storage space. Most of the cedar joinery, except for one fireplace surround, has survived. Contemporary car accommodation has been constructed at the rear and a disabled persons ramp built alongside the northern verandah.
The church grounds are raised above the surrounding footpaths and contained on all sides by early limestone retaining walls with sloping concrete copings, once surmounted by a small picket fence. A pair of circular crenellated gate pillars exist at the main northeast entrance and are constructed of random rubble limestone matching the walls adjacent. The garden contains some mature trees and a fine-grained Celtic cross memorial set on a stylobate of three steps and engraved with an inscription and traditional Celtic motifs.
Heritage listing
St Pauls Anglican Church and Rectory was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
The place demonstrates the pattern of Queensland's history, exemplifying the buoyant mood of pre-Separation Ipswich and the aspirations of its citizens to construct community buildings worthy of its perceived importance.
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.
Completed in 1859, it is a rare example of a church built prior to Separation and is the oldest Anglican Church in Queensland; it contains the oldest pipe organ in Queensland.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
The main church is a fine revival Gothic building constructed over a long period from 1855 to 1929. With its central city setting and landscaped grounds including a fine limestone wall and terraces, it is a major landmark in Ipswich.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The church has been closely associated with the spiritual and social life of the Ipswich community since the 1850s.
The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.
It is closely associated with two important Queensland architects F.D.G. Stanley and G.B.Gill and also with Edmund Blacket and William Wakeling.
It is associated with the life and work of Anglican Church martyr Mavis Parkinson, a medical missionary who was killed in New Guinea during World War II. The rectory is a finely-detailed example of a late Victorian residence and is a good example of the domestic work of G.B. Gill.
References
Attribution
External links
Category: | {
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Kalaw Township
Kalaw Township () is a township of Taunggyi District in the Shan State of Myanmar. The principal town is Kalaw. This township contains Kalaw, Aungban and Heho.
f
Category:Townships of Shan State
Category:Kalaw Township
Category:Taunggyi District | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Drosophila albomicans
Drosophila albomicans is a species of vinegar fly in the family Drosophilidae. Drosophila albomicans is a member of the Immigrans-tripunctata radiation of the subgenus Drosophila. The D. albomicans genome was first sequenced in 2012 to study the evolution of novel sex chromosomes, a characteristic this species is best known for. One commonly accepted definition of the biological species concept is that individuals or populations are members of different species if they are incapable of successful interbreeding. While D. albomicans and Drosophila nasuta are commonly referred to as distinct species, there appears to be little to no sexual isolation between these two Drosophila species. Instead, behavioural differences appear to reproductively isolate these two species.
The Immigrans species group (to which D. albomicans belongs) is related to the Drosophila quinaria and Drosophila testacea species groups. The related species Drosophila immigrans has been used in evolutionary studies to understand how viruses evolve with their hosts.
References
Further reading
External links
albomicans
Category:Insects described in 1921 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Commonwealth Acetate of Lime Factory
Commonwealth Acetate of Lime Factory is a heritage-listed factory at 82 Colmslie Road, Morningside, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.It is also known as Colmslie Migrant Hostel, Fairmile Naval Base, Hans Continental Smallgoods Factory, and HMAS Moreton, Colmslie. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 December 2007.
History
The former Commonwealth Acetate of Lime Factory at Colmslie consists of a number of brick and timber buildings built between 1917 and 1920. Two timber demountable blocks were added as migrant accommodation c.1949. Since the early 1970s most of the site has been occupied by Hans Continental Smallgoods Pty Ltd, which has constructed a modern factory on the southern part of property. The remaining original buildings are used as offices and for storage. The riverfront fish markets have occupied the northern part of the original factory site since 1966.
During World War One the Australian Commonwealth Arsenal developed its own defence factories, due to disruption of the supply of manufactured goods and armaments to Australia. By 1919 the defence factories included the Lithgow Small Arms Factory in Lithgow, New South Wales; a Clothing Factory in South Melbourne; and the Defence Explosive Factory Maribyrnong (Cordite) at Maribyrnong, Melbourne; a Government Woollen Mill; and the Acetate of Lime Factory at Colmslie, Brisbane. The latter provided acetate of lime for cordite production at Maribyrnong.
After World War One the Australian government sought to protect the local steel, copper, chemical, and woollen textile industries, which had grown during the war, and to promote research and development. Government factories and laboratories were to provide a knowledge pool for the private sector, and the latter would then be able to help supply the country's defence needs in wartime. This policy of "Self Containment" led to Australia being able to supply itself with light weapons and ammunition by World War Two. The Munitions Supply Board (1921 to 1939) inherited the defence factories of the Commonwealth Arsenal, and its High Explosives and Filling Factory Group in Victoria became the centre of chemical engineering in Australia. Other Munitions Supply Board assets in the 1920s included the Ordnance Factory Group, Gun Ammunition Factory Group, and Small Arms Ammunition Factory in Victoria, and the Small Arms Factory Group in New South Wales. The Munitions Supply Board thus controlled the largest and most advanced factory system in Australia, and the largest industrial research laboratories, under the Munitions Supply Laboratories organisation.
A committee from the Commonwealth Department of Home Affairs selected a site for the Acetate of Lime Factory at Colmslie in mid 1916, after Cairns was considered and rejected. Subdivisions 2 and 3 of Eastern Suburban Allotment 22, Parish of Bulimba, County of Stanley, covering were resumed on 21 September 1916 at a cost of . A plan drawn up by the Department of Home Affairs in November 1916, and signed "HJB", laid out the main built elements of the factory, and their function, as designed by the bacteriologist and chemist Auguste de Bavay.
Born in Belgium, De Bavay had worked for a number of breweries (including Fosters, Swan, Cascade, Carlton and United), as well as working in the mining industry, and in the paper industry. He had designed the revolutionary ore-extraction technique of the "skin" or "film" flotation process, patented in 1905, to deal with "the Sulphide Problem". In 1914 de Bavay was asked by the Minister of Defence to investigate the manufacture of acetone for use in cordite manufacture, and in two weeks he had developed a process to ferment and distil molasses. He was later asked to build the Colmslie factory, which had a well-equipped chemical and bacteriological laboratory. His son, Francis Xavier de Bavay, became the first manager of the factory.
The cost of the factory was about . Production began in 1918, with 30 employees, and continued after the war ended, in order to lay up reserve supplies. When production of acetate of lime (calcium acetate) ceased early in 1922, about had been made; enough to produce of acetone, leading to of cordite, or about 400 million rounds of rifle cartridges.
The process of making acetate of lime started with molasses (from the Babinda and Mulgrave sugar mills) that had been shipped from Cairns to Brisbane. The molasses was pumped into a holding tank near the river, and was diluted with water. The liquid was then heated and cooled in the three-storey Agitator and Cooler House, to destroy foreign bacteria. In the two-storey Fermenting House yeast was added to large wooden temperature-controlled vats, with fermentation producing a dilute (8%) solution of alcohol (ethanol). The "wash" was transferred to vats on the top floor of the three-storey Settling House, where it was allowed to settle out. The wash was then transferred to the adjacent three-storey Acidifier House, where it was repeatedly pumped through wooden vats, which contained wood shavings and Bacterium Aceti. Over several days, the alcohol was converted into acetic acid (vinegar). The new wash was heated by steam coils, and the acetic acid and water was distilled off, in the two-storey Evaporator House. The acid distillate was neutralised with milk of lime to produce acetate of lime, and this solution was concentrated for evaporation on a heated revolving drum, where it was scraped off as solid flakes. The bagged product was then sent to Maribyrnong for conversion into acetone. Acetone enabled the combination of nitro-glycerine and trinitrocellulose to form cordite.
Alcohol distillation at the factory was approved in 1919, due to shortages of certain grades of concentrated alcohol, and the dilute alcohol produced by the fermentation of molasses was distilled to produce concentrated alcohol in the Alcohol Still House, a two-storey eastern extension to the Evaporator House. From early 1920 a pot still was used to produce alcohol for the ammunition factories, and in 1922 a continuous still was installed.
Due to fears that oil resources were limited, alcohol produced from molasses was also considered as an alternative fuel. "Power alcohol" was manufactured at Colmslie from August 1924 to June 1926, before production was halted by concerns that the cost was too high. Approximately 800 kilolitres of this alcohol was made, and was mixed with benzol and ether to produce 1200 kilolitres of motor fuel. This fuel was used by the Post Master General's Department, in its postal vehicles in Brisbane and Melbourne, and by Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) vehicles in Victoria.
From 1926 the factory was closed down to a reserve status, under a caretaker. In 1935 the factory's plant was moved to the Footscray and Maribyrnong factories in Melbourne, and the factory was handed over to the Department of the Interior in January 1936. In June 1936 the idea was floated that the Post Master General's Department could use a building for its frequency measuring equipment, using the chimney and water tower to mount aerials. The Department's Radio Broadcasting Branch, Wireless Experimental Section, occupied various buildings from 1937, including the Acidifier House and the Fitter's shop.
The Wireless Experimental Section's peace and quiet was disturbed when an advance party of RAAF personnel arrived at the factory on 23 May 1939. Several factory buildings were required for billeting and storage purposes while the RAAF was awaiting the completion of huts at Archerfield. The Ordnance Service also staked a claim for storage space from February 1940 onwards, and the Field Hygiene Section of the Seventh Division occupied a number of buildings in late 1940. The Engineer's Supply Service branch arrived in April 1941, and the Allied Works Council was present in 1942. The 6th Anti Aircraft battery was a resident by June 1942 and the 2nd and 14th AA batteries by August 1943.
The Post Master General, Ordnance Services, and the Anti Aircraft batteries were still using some buildings in October 1943, but from November 1942 onwards the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) gradually took over most of the complex, which became part of the Fairmile Naval Base (by 1948 the base was referred to as 'HMAS Moreton, Colmslie'). The factory's jetty became a refuelling wharf, and navy workshops and a repair slipway were built between the factory and the river.
New tenants were soon to follow. In December 1943 Prime Minister Curtin had expressed the view that, for security reasons, Australia's population had to increase to 20 million. The Commonwealth Department of Immigration was created in 1945, and in 1946 the goal was to allow 70,000 migrants into Australia each year, (roughly 1% of Australia's population at the time). The United Kingdom-Australia Free and Assisted Passage Agreements became active in March 1947. Adults would only pay towards their passage, and children aged 14–18 would be charged . A shipping shortage handicapped the program until 1948, but from 1947 to 1958, of 457,898 migrants moving from the United Kingdom to Australia, 68% received assisted passage. In this period the British represented about a third of all migrants to Australia. The peak years of assisted British migration to Australia were between 1949 and 1952.
In order to address labour shortages, the Australian Government also decided to use another source of immigrants: the mass of Displaced Persons in Europe. In July 1947 an agreement was reached with the United Nation's International Refugee Organisation, which would provide | {
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Mudgee
Mudgee is a town in the Central West of New South Wales, Australia. It is in the broad fertile Cudgegong River valley north-west of Sydney. Mudgee is at the centre of the Mid-Western Regional Council local government area. As at June 2018 Mudgee had a population of 12,410.
The Mudgee district lies across the edge of the geological structure known as the Sydney Basin.
History
Indigenous Australians, pre-colonisation until 1850
Historically, the Aboriginal heritage in Mudgee has not been widely told. The traditional custodians of the land were the Wiradjuri nation. The Wiradjuri nation was split and sub-split into many tribes. In Mudgee, the Mowgee clan extended over a 50 km radius. The Mowgee women's totem was the wedge tail eagle (Mullian) and the men's totem the crow (Waggan). They settled around the Cudgegong River, using its resources for food, and water.
The Mudgee district holds many sacred Aboriginal sites and cave painting, some sites with evidence of tool making. Some of the better known and accessible sites include Hands on the Rocks; The Drip; Babyfoot Cave.
Significance of local names
Many Mudgee districts were named after the local Wiradjuri tribal areas, including Mudgee itself. The name Mudgee is derived from the Wiradjuri term Moothi meaning "Nest in the Hills" or "mou-gee" meaning "contented". Others include Lue (Loowee, 'a chain of waterholes'); Gulgong ('a gully'); Wollar ('a rock water hole'); Menah ('flat country'); Eurunderee ('a local tree'); Guntawang ('a peaceful place'), Cooyal ('dry country'); Wilbertree ('a long switch'); Gooree ('native chasing live animal'); Burrendong ('darker than usual'). The Aboriginal name of the Rylstone area was Combamolang.
Settlement to 1850
James Blackman was the first European settler to cross the Cudgegong River in 1821 followed quickly by Lieutenant William Lawson who was then commandant of Bathurst. Lawson would later take up in the area.
George and Henry Cox, sons of William Cox, were the first settlers on the Cudgegong River when they established the Menah run, 3 kilometres north of the current town. The European settlers were soon in conflict with the Wiradjuri over a range of issues including the killing of livestock and animals such as kangaroos and possums which were major food sources for the Wiradjuri. Martial law was declared by Governor Thomas Brisbane in 1824, leading to the killing of a large number of the Wiradjuri people.
While the site of Mudgee was surveyed for a village in 1823, Menah was the original settlement having a police station and a lock-up by 1833. It has been incorrectly claimed that Robert Hoddle designed the village which was gazetted in 1838. Although Hoddle was the first surveyor in the region, marking out the boundaries of Putta Bucca and Bombira, by the time the village was gazetted, he had already left the district to become leader of the Port Phillip Survey. John Blackman built a slab hut, the first dwelling in Mudgee and its general store.
By 1841, there were 36 dwellings, three hotels, a hospital, a post office, two stores and an Anglican church. St John's Church of England was consecrated on 6 May 1841. The police station moved from Menah in the mid-1840s while an Anglican school was established in that decade as well.
1850 to present
In 1851, the population of Mudgee was 200. However, the population skyrocketed as the discovery of gold in nearby Hargraves by Edward Hargraves led to a gold rush in New South Wales. While no gold was found in Mudgee itself, the town prospered as gold was discovered in nearby New South Wales towns such as Gulgong, Hill End and Windeyer temporarily reached populations of 20,000. Mudgee was a centre for the local goldfields and grew rapidly as a result.
Mudgee was declared as a municipality in 1860 making it the second oldest municipality west of the Great Dividing Range with a population of 1500 in 1861. A public school was built in the 1850s together with the present Catholic and Anglican churches and a Methodist and Presbyterian church. A new police station, courthouse, Mechanics' Institute and a town hall were built in the 1860s. There were four coach factories operating in Mudgee to cater for the demand of the nearby goldfields. The National Trust of Australia has a number of these buildings registered including the Mudgee Museum (formerly the Colonial Inn), the Catholic presbytery, the court house, the police station and the Anglican Church. On 1 June 1861 the Electric Telegraph system arrived and was opened for messages to be transmitted and received at the Telegraph office.
One of the gold miners attracted to the Mudgee district was Niels Peter Larsen who married Louisa Albury in Mudgee in 1866. They had a child, leading Australian poet Henry Lawson in Grenfell in 1867 and changed their names to Peter and Louisa Lawson. By the birth of their third child, they moved to a selection at Pipeclay (now Eurunderee) 8 km north of Mudgee.
Louisa Lawson's vigorous lobbying led to the establishment of the slab-and-bark Eurunderee Public School in 1876 with Henry Lawson attending the school for the first time aged nine. He would later write about the school in his poem, The Old Bark School. Lawson would later attend St. Matthews Central School, Mudgee before his progressively worsening deafness leading to him leaving school at the age of 14. Lawson would live in the Mudgee district until the age of 15 and many of his stories were written about the district.
As the gold mines petered out in the latter half of the 19th century, Mudgee was sustained by the strength of its wool industry as well as the nascent wine industry established by a German immigrant, Adam Roth, in the 1850s. The opening of the railway extension from Rylstone to Mudgee occurred on 10 September 1884.
The railway boosted the town's agricultural industries. The railway between Rylstone and Mudgee closed on 2 March 1992. This same railway section re-opened eight years later, on 2 September 2000. The Wallaby Track Drive Tour visits various sites associated with Lawson including the old Eurundee Public School, the Henry Lawson memorial, the Budgee Budgee Inn, Sapling Gully, Golden Gully and the Albury Pub which was owned by Lawson's grandfather.
In 1890 a local newspaper was founded with the title the Mudgee Guardian and North-Western Representative. Its title changed in 1963 to the Mudgee Guardian and Gulgong Advertiser and is currently published twice a week.
Mudgee's Glen Willow Regional Sports Stadium hosted the 2012 City vs Country Origin rugby league match with an attendance of 8,621, and the 2017 match with an attendance of 8,322.
In the NRL, the St. George Dragons regularly host home matches there, emphasising the importance of the long-term prosperity of Rugby League in country areas.
Additionally, in the A-League, the Western Sydney based Western Sydney Wanderers have chosen to take their Community Round match to Mudgee's Glen Willow Regional Sports Stadium, as part of their new Regional Strategy,
In 2014, the local council found itself involved in a statewide corruption investigation when officers of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (New South Wales) raided the local council's offices.
Economy
Mudgee has developed as a wine producing region and wine manufacturing is a major part of its economy. It is also heavily dependant on several major mines in the surrounding area.
Other rural produce includes cattle, sheep, wheat, alfalfa, olives, fruit, tomatoes, sweetcorn, honey, and dairy products. These, however, do not play as major a role as the mining industry.
The Ulan coal mines are in the district. During the 19th century, the area was a major goldmining area and the district also produces marble, pottery clays, shale and dolomite. These mines have further potential to expand in the region, however they are also the topic of local environmental concerns.
Tourism is also a growing industry based largely on the wineries.
A laboratory was established in 1987 to test meat for pesticide residues.
Local real estate, petrol and living costs skyrocketed since 2010 when the mining boom began to peak. This has rolled onto the local population, who have since had increased difficulty in living in the town.
NSW Health is redeveloping the Mudgee Hospital. Major construction work commenced in March 2019 with the project due to be completed late 2020.
Climate
Mudgee has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), with semi-arid (Bsk) characteristics. Summers are hot with the occasional thunderstorm, however nighttime temperatures are still cool. Winters are relatively cold, with frosty mornings and sunny days, interspersed with periods of heavy rain and occasionally snowfall. Rainfall is moderate and falls fairly evenly all year round, with a slight peak in summer. Extreme temperatures have ranged | {
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Jean Hatzfeld (hellenist)
Jean Hatzfeld (29 November 1880 – 30 May 1947, aged 66) was a French archaeologist and hellenist. He was a member of the French School at Athens, a professor at the Sorbonne (1928–1930) and at the École pratique des hautes études (1937).
Selected works
1926: Histoire de la Grèce ancienne, Paris, 1926
3e éd., revue et corrigée par André Aymard, Paris, Payot, 1950
rééd. coll. « Petite Bibliothèque Payot », 1962, 1995, 2002
1945: La Grèce et son héritage, Paris, Éditions Montaigne, (Aubier)
1951: Alcibiade. Étude sur l'histoire d'Athènes à la fin du Ve siècle, Paris, Presses universitaires de France.
External links
Category:French archaeologists
Category:French hellenists
Category:1880 births
Category:1947 deaths
Category:University of Paris faculty
Category:École pratique des hautes études faculty
Category:Members of the French School at Athens | {
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Sharpe's Rifles (TV programme)
Sharpe's Rifles is the first of the Sharpe television dramas, based on the Bernard Cornwell novel of the same name. Shown on ITV in 1993, the adaptation stars Sean Bean, Daragh O'Malley and Assumpta Serna. It began a long series of successful and critically acclaimed television adaptations of the novels.
The drama tells the story of Richard Sharpe, an ambitious and hardened soldier from Yorkshire. The story follows the exploits of Sharpe and his band of chosen men through Spain after they survive an ambush by French cavalry.
Filming took place in the Crimea, Portugal and England, during which Paul McGann who was the original actor cast for the role of Richard Sharpe, broke his leg and was quickly replaced with Sean Bean.
Plot summary
In 1809, Sir Arthur Wellesley (David Troughton), the commander of the British army fighting the French in Portugal, is saved from three pursuing French cavalrymen by Sergeant Richard Sharpe (Sean Bean). Wellesley rewards Sharpe with a field commission to lieutenant and command of the "chosen men", a handful of sharpshooters previously led by Rifleman Patrick Harper (Daragh O'Malley). The two men take an instant dislike to each other.
Wellesley has no money to pay his men; however, he has arranged for a loan from the Rothschild family. James Rothschild has set out from Vienna with a badly needed bank draft, but is overdue. Sharpe, his men, and a company under Major Dunnett (Julian Fellowes) are sent out to search for him. While Sharpe and his men are out scouting the terrain, the company is surprised and wiped out by enemy cavalry led by Colonel de L'Eclin (Malcolm Jamieson) and a man in dark civilian clothes (Anthony Hyde), with only Perkins and a gravely wounded Captain Murray as survivors.
The band takes refuge in a small cottage and Captain Murray succumbs to his wounds. Harper tells Sharpe that the men have decided that they want to go back; he and Sharpe end up fighting and are taken unawares by a band of Spanish guerrillas led by Commandante Teresa Moreno (Assumpta Serna) and Major Blas Vivar (Simón Andreu). Sharpe declares Harper a mutineer and joins forces with the Spanish guerrillas for mutual protection, since they are headed in the same general direction. Sharpe begins to bond with his men and also with Teresa. The guerrillas are protecting a chest; when Harper kills two French cavalrymen to save it, Sharpe frees him and drops the mutiny charge. Along the way, they encounter the Parkers, a Methodist missionary couple and their niece, whom they take under their protection.
Major Hogan, Wellesley's chief of military intelligence, shows up and orders Sharpe to assist Vivar with his mission to rouse the people. The Spaniard has brought a thousand-year-old family heirloom with him - the Gonfalon of Santiago or "Banner of Blood". Legend has it that Santiago (Saint James) himself will appear to defend Spain when the flag is raised over the chapel in the town of Torrecastro. Sharpe, Teresa, Vivar and their men attack and defeat the French garrison. Vivar crosses swords with the man in black, who turns out to be his own brother, the Count of Matamoros, and kills him. He then raises the flag. At the end of the battle, Colonel de L'Eclin is about to shoot an unarmed Sharpe, but is shot and killed by Rifleman Perkins. Sharpe rewards the young Perkins by making him a "chosen man". Hogan advises Perkins to decline the favour.
Sharpe reports back to Wellesley. When the general expresses his disappointment that Sharpe did not find Rothschild, Sharpe reveals that "Mrs. Parker" is the banker in disguise, to Wellesley's delight. Afterwards, Sharpe and Teresa make love, before she leaves to continue fighting the French.
Cast
See also
95th Regiment of Foot
Over the Hills and Far Away (traditional song)
Sharpe's Rifles (novel)
Sharpe (TV series)
References
External links
Category:1993 British television episodes
Category:1990s historical films
Category:1990s war films
Category:Films based on British novels
Category:Films based on historical novels
Category:Films based on military novels
Rifles
Category:Napoleonic Wars films
Category:Films shot in Ukraine
Category:War television films
Category:Fiction set in 1809 | {
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Crown Victoria Custom '51
"Crown Victoria Custom '51" is a song co-written by Jerry Lee Lewis and released as a B side single by Lewis in the U.S. in 1995 on Sire Records. The song was from the Young Blood album released that same year.
Background
"Crown Victoria Custom '51" was recorded for Sire Records in the U.S. and was released as a 7" 45 B side single backed with "Goosebumps" in 1995 as 7-64423. The recording was produced by Andy Paley. The music and lyrics were written by Jerry Lee Lewis, James Burton, Andy Paley, and Kenny Lovelace. The song was published by Twilite Tunes, Warner Chappell, DeCapo Music Inc., James Burton Music, and Ken Lovelace Music. The song originally appeared on the Young Blood album. The recording was included on the 2006 3 disc career retrospective Half a Century of Hits as part of the Legends of American Music series by Time-Life Music.
The theme of the song is a 1951 Ford Victoria V8 coupe, a model based on the 1949 Ford. The Victoria hardtop had a "dual-bullet" grille and heavy chrome bumpers. A new "turn-key" ignition and front suspension featuring independent coil springs were also added. The head room was 36.1 inches. It was a new, post-war streamlined car model which could be customized into a hot rod. The Ford Crown Victoria model was produced in 1955. The opening and closing verse emphasizes the continuing popularity of the 1951 model: "Born in Detroit City back in '51 / She still looks pretty and she's loads of fun / Through thick and thin she's been my only one / It's my Crown Victoria Custom '51".
Jerry Lee Lewis performs a piano solo followed by an electric guitar solo by James Burton.
The recording is featured in the 1999 film A Texas Funeral starring Martin Sheen and Robert Patrick.
The song was favorably reviewed in Rolling Stone: "Whether reclaiming Hank Williams' wry 'I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive' or bragging about his hot rod — or is it his woman? — on 'Crown Victoria Custom '51,' Lewis is in high gear. He revels in the signatures of his fine madness, tossing random glissandi from his piano and shouting lyrics in a voice scuffed yet steel tipped."
Album appearances
"Crown Victoria Custom '51" appeared on the following albums:
Young Blood, Jerry Lee Lewis, Sire Records, 1995
Grooves, Volume Ten, Various Artists, Time-Life Music/BMG, 1996
Legends of American Music. Half a Century of Hits, Jerry Lee Lewis, Time-Life Music, 2006
Sources
Bonomo, Joe (2009). Jerry Lee Lewis: Lost and Found. New York: Continuum Books.
Tosches, Nick (1982). Hellfire. New York: Grove Press.
Gutterman, Jimmy (1991). Rockin' My Life Away: Listening to Jerry Lee Lewis. Nashville: Rutledge Hill Press.
Gutterman, Jimmy (1993). The Jerry Lee Lewis Anthology: All Killer, No Filler. Rhino Records.
Lewis, Myra; Silver, Murray (1981). Great Balls of Fire: The Uncensored Story of Jerry Lee Lewis. William Morrow/Quill/St. Martin's Press.
Legends of American Music. Half a Century of Hits. Jerry Lee Lewis. Time-Life Music. 2006.
References
Category:1995 songs
Category:Jerry Lee Lewis songs
Category:Rock-and-roll songs
Category:1995 singles
Category:Songs written by Andy Paley
Category:Songs written by Jerry Lee Lewis | {
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Saint Francois Township, Wayne County, Missouri
Saint Francois Township is an inactive township in Wayne County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Saint Francois Township took its name from the St. Francis River.
References
Category:Townships in Missouri
Category:Townships in Wayne County, Missouri | {
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Larimer School
The Larimer School in the Larimer neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is a school built in 1896. An addition was made in 1904, and the auditorium and gymnasium were added in 1931. The interior includes terrazzo floors and marble wainscotting. The exterior includes an ornately decorated door on the southwestern side of the building (perhaps Romanesque-inspired Renaissance Revival) with statues on pillars, a bas-relief sculpture over the door, and human faces near a marble portion of the roof. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
References
Category:Renaissance Revival architecture in Pennsylvania
Category:Art Deco architecture in Pennsylvania
Category:School buildings completed in 1896
Category:Schools in Pittsburgh
Category:School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Pittsburgh | {
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United States Bobsled and Skeleton Federation
The United States Bobsled & Skeleton Federation (USBSF) is the official national governing body (NGB) for bobsled and skeleton in the United States. It serves as the American representative for the International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation and is chartered by the United States Olympic Committee.
The USBSF is headquartered in Lake Placid, NY with administrative offices located in Colorado Springs, CO.
Bobsled Olympic Medal table
Skeleton Olympic Medal table
External links
Category:Organizations based in New York (state)
Category:Sports governing bodies in the United States
Category:United States at the Winter Olympics
Category:Skeleton in the United States
Category:Bobsleigh in the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Dhammananda
Dhammananda is a name that combines Dhamma, the teachings of the Buddha, and Ananda, a disciple of the Buddha and "bliss" in Sanskrit. Ananda can be part of Hindu and Buddhist monastic names. Dhammananda may refer to:
Dr. K. Sri Dhammananda (1919 — 2006), a Sri Lankan Buddhist monk and scholar. He was ordained as a novice monk (samanera) at the age of 12 and was fully ordained in 1940.
Dhammananda Bhikkhuni, a Thai female monk, previously a professor of Buddhist philosophy known as Dr Chatsumarn Kabilsingh, who was controversially ordained in Sri Lanka in 2003. See: , | {
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Moussa Njie
Moussa Njie (born 2 October 1995) is a Norwegian football midfielder who last played for Partizan.
He played youth football for his childhood club Holmlia SK. He made his Eliteserien debut for Vålerenga Fotball in November 2013 against Aalesund. In the summer of 2015 he joined Bærum. On 2 December 2015 he signed for Stabæk. On 17 January 2019 he signed for Partizan.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Club
FK Partizan
Serbian Cup:2018-19
References
Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Oslo
Category:Norwegian people of Gambian descent
Category:Norwegian footballers
Category:Norwegian expatriate footballers
Category:Vålerenga Fotball players
Category:Bærum SK players
Category:Stabæk Fotball players
Category:FK Partizan players
Category:Odds BK players
Category:Eliteserien players
Category:1. divisjon players
Category:2. divisjon players
Category:Serbian SuperLiga players
Category:Norwegian expatriates in Serbia
Category:Expatriate footballers in Serbia
Category:Association football midfielders | {
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For the Sake of Mahdi
For the Sake of Mahdi () is a 2012 Iranian social drama film written, directed, and produced by Hossein Shahabi (Persian: حسین شهابی).
Background
Release of the film was banned for Seven years issued by the Government of Iran for screening film festivals.
Starring
Mahdi Bakhtyar Nejhad
Negin Motazedi
Maryam Rohani
Iraj Moghimi
Mohammad Karhemmat
Mohammad Akbari
Ahmad Shahabi
Bahareh Ansari
Ali Habibpoor
Production crew
Cinematography: Hossein Shahabi
Sound Recorder: Mehrdad Moghimi
Make-up: Hossein Kashani
Production manager: Mohammad Karhemmat
Editor: Siavash Shahabi
Music: Hossein Shahabi
Costume Designer: Bahareh Ansari
Director's Assistants: Siavash Shahabi, Bahareh Ansari
References
External links
Catálogo 28º Festival Internacional de Cine de Mar del Plata
For the Sake of Mahdi at the Iranian Movie Database
For the Sake of Mahdi at the Internet Movie Database
Category:2012 films
Category:2010s drama films
Category:Iranian films
Category:Persian-language films
Category:Films set in Tehran
Category:Films shot in Iran
Category:Iranian independent films
Category:Iranian drama films | {
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How Institutions Think
How Institutions Think (first published 1986) is a book that contains the published version of the Frank W. Abrams Lectures delivered by the influential cultural anthropologist Mary Douglas at Syracuse University in March 1985.
Reviews
Ian Hacking in the London Review of Books, 8/22, 18 December 1986.
Kenneth Lipartito in the Business History Review, 80/1, Spring 2006, pp. 135-140.
Category:1986 books
Category:Books by Mary Douglas
Category:Anthropology books | {
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Buyaqchilu
Buyaqchilu (, also Romanized as Būyāqchīlū; also known as Būyāghchelū) is a village in Gerdeh Rural District, in the Central District of Namin County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 76, in 21 families.
References
Category:Towns and villages in Namin County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Phausis reticulata
Phausis reticulata, commonly referred to as the blue ghost, is a species of firefly found in the eastern and central United States. The species is common in the southern Appalachians, and can be seen in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the Chattahoochee National Forest, as well as North Carolina's DuPont State Forest and Pisgah National Forest.
Description
The males of this all-brown species have a short second antennomere (compared to the third) as well as large eyes. It is an unusual firefly species in that, unlike many fireflies found in the eastern and central United States, the luminescence of P. reticulata males is characterized by a steady glow, instead of a species-specific pattern of flashes. "Blue ghost" fireflies are commonly thought to emit blue light (<490 nanometers), though this is a false perception of their truly green emission light due to the Purkinje effect.
Mating
The blue ghost fireflies’ ideal conditions for mating season include warm and moist forest areas that are surrounded by spongy leaf litter. The male fireflies fly a few feet off the ground spotting a female that is flickering a perceptually "blue" light. The female blue ghosts however, are wingless, unable to fly, and possess paedomorphism, a trait where the adult female firefly remains in larval form through adulthood.
References
External links
Discover Life in America website
Times News Article
Category:Lampyridae
Category:Bioluminescent insects
Category:Beetles of North America
Category:Taxa named by Thomas Say
Category:Beetles described in 1825 | {
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Protanguilla
Protanguilla palau is a species of eel, the only species in the genus Protanguilla (first eel), which is in turn the only genus in its family, Protanguillidae. Individuals were found swimming in March 2010 in a deep underwater cave in a fringing reef off the coast of Palau.
Protanguillidae is a sister group to all other eels. They are monophyletic, yet also strongly synapomorphic with all other eel species. Molecular analysis shows that all other eels are also monophyletic, showing that they may have broken off directly from the Protanguillidae. for this reason it's known as a "Living Fossil."
Characteristics
The body is very small and slender, about 18 cm long. The eel has a second premaxilla and under 90 vertebrae, features previously found only in fossilised eels. Its full set of gill rakers in its branchial arches has never previously been found in an eel, but is common in bony fish. It is very different from all other living eels, and scientists estimate it must have diverged from the others around 200 million years ago, during the Mesozoic era. It thus has not only its own species, but also its own genus and family, as well, and has been referred to by scientists as a "living fossil".
References
External links
Youtube video
Category:Eels
Category:Fish of the Pacific Ocean
Category:Monotypic fish genera
Category:Fish described in 2012 | {
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Presidency of Martin Van Buren
The presidency of Martin Van Buren began on March 4, 1837, when Martin Van Buren was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1841. Van Buren, the incumbent Vice President and chosen successor of President Andrew Jackson, took office as the eighth United States president after defeating multiple Whig Party candidates in the 1836 presidential election. A member of the Democratic Party, Van Buren's presidency ended following his defeat by Whig candidate William Henry Harrison in the 1840 presidential election.
The central issue facing President Van Buren was the Panic of 1837, a sustained economic downturn that began just weeks into his presidency. Van Buren opposed any direct federal government intervention and cut back federal spending to maintain a balanced budget. He also presided over the establishment of the independent treasury system, a series of government vaults that replaced banks as the repository of federal funds. Van Buren continued the Indian removal policies of the Jackson administration, as thousands of Native Americans were resettled west of the Mississippi River during his presidency. He sought to avoid major tensions over slavery, rejecting the possibility of annexing Texas and appealing the case of United States v. The Amistad to the Supreme Court. In foreign affairs, Van Buren avoided war with Britain despite several incidents, including the bloodless Aroostook War and the Caroline Affair.
Van Buren's inability to deal effectively with the economic crisis, combined with the growing political strength of the opposition Whigs, led to his defeat in the 1840 presidential election. His four-year presidency was marked as much by failure and criticism as by success and popular acclaim, and his presidency is considered average, at best, by historians. His most lasting achievement was as a political organizer who built the modern Democratic Party and guided it to dominance in the new Second Party System.
Presidential election of 1836
Van Buren had emerged as President Andrew Jackson's preferred successor during the Petticoat affair, and Van Buren won election as vice president in 1832. The two men –charismatic "Old Hickory" and the super-efficient "Sly Fox"--had entirely different personalities but had become an effective team in eight years in office together. Jackson declined to seek another term in the 1836 presidential election, but he remained influential within the Democratic Party, and he strongly supported Van Buren's candidacy in the 1836 election. With Jackson's support, Van Buren won the presidential nomination of the 1835 Democratic National Convention without opposition. Two names were put forward for the vice-presidential nomination: Representative Richard M. Johnson of Kentucky, and former senator William Cabell Rives of Virginia. Though most Southern Democrats favored Rives, Jackson preferred Johnson, and his influence helped lead to Johnson's nomination for the vice presidency.
The newly-established Whig Party, a loose coalition bound by mutual opposition to Jackson, sought to prevent Van Buren's victory in the election of 1836. Lacking the party unity or organizational strength to field a single ticket or define a single platform, the Whigs fielded multiple candidates in the hope of forcing a contingent election in the House of Representatives. Senator Hugh Lawson White of Tennessee, a former Jackson ally, emerged as the major Whig candidate in the South, touting himself as the only Southerner in the race. William Henry Harrison, who had gained notoriety for his service in the Battle of Tippecanoe, edged out Senator Daniel Webster to become the main Whig candidate in the North. The Whig Party campaigned on the themes of Jackson's alleged executive tyranny, and attacked Van Buren as an untrustworthy career politician.
Van Buren had to articulate a position on slavery that could win full-throated approval in both the pro-slavery South and the Northern states where slavery was illegal and unpopular. The biggest challenge came in the South, were all Yankees were automatically suspect on the slave question. Van Buren moved to obtain the support of Southerners by assuring them that he opposed abolitionism and supported the continued existence of slavery in states where it was present. Van Buren did not discuss his own personal beliefs, which held that slavery was immoral, but was sanctioned by the Constitution. Van Buren's strategy was not to defend his personal position, but to attack abolitionists, who were popular nowhere in the United States. As vice president, he cast the tie-breaking Senate vote in favor of a bill to subject abolitionist mail to state laws, thus ensuring that abolitionist mail would not be circulated in the South. While Southern Whigs cast doubt on his devotion to slavery, his supporters insisted he believed in three things: that Congress could not interfere with slavery in the states, that it would be "impolitic" to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, and that agitation about slavery endangered the union. Van Buren and his supporters realized that to build a viable national party and to maintain the union they had to compromise by accepting slavery. The Democrats created the first modern party, but in doing so consciously removed slavery and abolition from the partisan agenda. In 1848, Van Buren became a leading opponent of the extension of slavery in the North, but by then he had abandoned any hope of Southern support.
Van Buren won the election with 764,198 popular votes, 50.9 percent of the total, and 170 electoral votes. Harrison led the Whigs with 73 electoral votes, White receiving 26, and Webster 14. Willie Person Mangum received South Carolina's 11 electoral votes, which were awarded by the state legislature. Compared to Jackson's 1832 campaign, Van Buren performed better in New England but worse in the South and West. Van Buren's victory resulted from a combination of his own attractive political and personal qualities, Jackson's popularity and endorsement, the organizational power of the Democratic party, and the inability of the Whig Party to muster an effective candidate and campaign. Virginia's presidential electors voted for Van Buren for president but William Smith for vice president, leaving Johnson one electoral vote short of election. In accordance with the Twelfth Amendment, the Senate elected Johnson vice president in a contingent vote. Meanwhile, in the concurrent congressional elections, Democrats retained control of both houses of Congress.
The election of 1836 marked an important turning point in American political history because of the part it played in establishing the Second Party System. In the early 1830s the political party structure was still changing rapidly, and factional and personal leaders continued to play a major role in politics. By the end of the campaign of 1836, the new party system was almost fully formed, as nearly every faction had been absorbed by either the Democrats or the Whigs.
Inauguration
Van Buren was sworn in as president by Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Taney on March 4, 1837, in a ceremony held on the East Portico of the United States Capitol. At age 54, he was the youngest person at the time to assume the presidency. Taking the oath as the eighth president, Van Buren defined his role as one of preservation: "sacredly to uphold those political institutions" created by the Founders and especially to safeguard the hallowed Jeffersonian principles of a limited national government and the liberty and sovereignty of "the people and the states."
The inauguration marked the departure of a vital personality–Jackson–and the arrival of his chosen successor–Van Buren–in a new presidential dynasty. They rode together in a small phaeton (built from the wood of USS Constitution) drawn by four gray horses. This was the first time that the outgoing president and incoming president rode together to the Capitol. The days festivities proved less a celebration of the incoming president than a tribute to the outgoing one. Van Buren's inaugural address took wistful note of it:
Administration
Cabinet
Van Buren retained much of Jackson's cabinet and lower-level appointees, as he hoped that the retention of Jackson's appointees would halt Whig momentum in the South and restore confidence in the Democrats as a party of sectional unity. The cabinet holdovers represented the different regions of the country: Secretary of the Treasury Levi Woodbury came from New England, Attorney General Benjamin F. Butler and Secretary of the Navy Mahlon Dickerson hailed from the mid-Atlantic states, Secretary of State John Forsyth represented the South, and Postmaster General Amos Kendall of Kentucky represented the West. For the position of Secretary of War, the lone unfilled post in the cabinet, Van Buren first approached William Cabell Rives, who had sought the vice presidency in 1836. After Rives declined to join the cabinet, Van Buren appointed Joel Roberts Poinsett, a South Carolinian who had opposed secession during the Nullification Crisis.
Van Buren's cabinet choices were criticized by Pennsylvanians such as James Buchanan, who argued that their state deserved a cabinet position, as well as some Democrats who argued that Van Buren should have used his patronage powers to augment his own power. But Van Buren saw value in avoiding contentious patronage battles, and his decision to retain Jackson's cabinet made it clear that he intended to continue the policies of predecessor. Additionally, Van Buren had helped select Jackson's cabinet appointees and enjoyed strong working relationships with them.
Dissatisfied with the discipline and morale of the navy, Van Buren pressured Dickerson to resign in 1838, and Dickerson was succeeded by James K. Paulding. That same year, Butler resigned and was replaced with Felix Grundy, a Senator from Tennessee with close ties to Jackson. Grundy was later succeeded by Henry D. Gilpin of Pennsylvania. John M. Niles, a party loyalist and former Senator from Connecticut, became Postmaster | {
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Eumig
EUMIG was an Austrian company producing audio and video equipment that existed from 1919 until 1982. The name is an acronym for Elektrizitäts und Metallwaren Industrie Gesellschaft, or, translated, the "Electricity and Metalware Industry Company."
History
Founding through World War II
EUMIG was founded in 1919 in Vienna, Austria, by Karl Vockenhuber, the engineer Alois Handler and Adolf Halpern, who furnished the bulk of the firm's initial financial resources. At its founding, the company produced lighters and cigarette cases and miscellaneous electrical materials. First located at 86 Wienzeile in Mariahilf, the 6th district of Vienna, in the same year EUMIG moved to 42 Schallergasse in the 12th district.
In 1921, the company, now with 65 employees, moved again, to 5 Hirschgasse, back in the Mariahilf. In 1924, EUMIG began manufacturing two models of radios, the "Low Loss Detektor Empfänger" ("Low Loss detector receiver") and a smaller model, the "Eumig Baby." In 1926 Vockenhuber and Handler bought out Halpern, who retired from the company. EUMIG continued production of radio receivers and sound recorders from 1924 until 1962.
In 1928, Eumig began producing film equipment, and three years later, in 1931 it introduced its first film projector, the "Eumig P 1." In 1932, the first movie camera "Eumig C 1" for 9.5-mm film was introduced, and a second model, the "Eumig C 2," also for 9.5-mm film, was introduced in 1935. This was the first movie camera in the world with semi-automatic tracking exposure control. Still expanding, that same year, EUMIG acquired the company Panradio, located at 11-13 Buchengasse, in the 10th district. In 1937 it introduced the movie cameras "Eumig C 3" (propelled by a spring mechanism), and the "Eumig C 4," which was the first amateur film camera in the world driven by electric motor. Overall, about 300,000 units of the C-3-series were built.
During this period, EUMIG benefitted from its employment of some of the best-known European industrial designers, including Walter Maria Kersting. It became the manufacturer of several models of the well-known Volksempfänger or "People's Radio," that the Nazis used to reach and control a huge audience throughout Germany in the 1930s and 1940s.
By 1941 EUMIG had grown to 1,000 employees, and during the war year, in addition to radios and cameras EUMIG also produced military equipment. Its factory on the Buchengasse in Vienna was destroyed in 1945 by bombing, but machinery had been moved the previous year to a branch in Micheldorf.
Postwar Era, 1945-1979
Despite the slow economic recovery after the destruction of the Second World War, EUMIG continued to develop new lines of equipment in the 1950s. In 1951 Charles Vockenhuber died, the same year that EUMIG began producing individual photographic cameras, introducing the "Eumigetta" for 6 x 6 cm rolls of film. Two years later, its successor, the "Eumigetta 2," debuted, though these cameras were eventually abandoned. 1954 saw the introduction of the projector Eumig P 8, the world's first home movie projector with a low voltage lighting system (12 volts). In 1955, EUMIG released its most successful radio model, the "Eumigette," which featured 7 tubes for FM and AM frequencies, ultimately producing approximately 500,000 units.
1956 was a landmark year for EUMIG. It built a new factory complex, designed by Oswald Haerdtl, on a site in Wiener Neudorf. Then, on the initiative of junior engineer Karl Vockenhuber, and after 6-week trials and a subsequent survey of the workforce, EUMIG introduced the first 40-hour work week in Austria. Finally, the C(amera) 16 was introduced for 16-mm film. In 1958, in recognition of its accomplishments, the company received the Staatliche Auszeichnung ("National Award") and was allowed to use the Bundeswappen, or the federal arms of Austria, in commercial transactions.
In 1960 Alois Handler, the last of the three original founders, died. EUMIG's postwar innovations continued, with 3,000 employees in 1961. In 1962, the radio production was abandoned and sold to HEA, after EUMIG had cumulatively sold some 3 million radios. The company then focused on the construction of movie cameras and projectors at its two plants in the Neudorf and Furstenfeld sections of Vienna.
After Kodak (USA) introduced Super-8 film, in 1965 EUMIG launched the movie camera "Viennette Super-8" and the projectors "Mark M Super-8" with threader and arrest projection and "Eumig Mark S Super-8" for Super-8 sound film. At the time, EUMIG was the only European manufacturer with a complete range of equipment for Super-8 film. In 1969, it expanded again, acquiring the Swiss company Bolex, before introducing the Eumig Movie Camera "mini" in 1971. It would go on to produce about 500,000 units of the mini series. In 1973, EUMIG introduced the silent film projector "Mark 610 D" (switchable for Regular 8 and Super 8 film), which was sold in a similar form as Bolex 18-3 Duo and the Revuelux 3003.
In 1974, the Executive Board of the Vienna Buchengasse moved to a new high-rise next to the factory in Neudorf. By 1975 EUMIG had become the largest film projector manufacturer in the world, turning out some 500,000 projectors a year, and employing some 5,000 people. In 1976, EUMIG entered into a contract with Polaroid (USA) for the production of instant film Polavision devices The system consisted of the camera, the presenter and film, delivered in special cassettes, that could be developed immediately after exposure and demonstrated after only 90 seconds. Two years later, however, EUMIG had to lay off 1,000 employees after Polaroid stopped its orders for Polavision.
In 1977 Eumig tried again in the radio hifi industry and introduced the 3-head stereo cassette deck "Metropolitan CCD", with a tuner and amplifier as a "Metropolitan CC" in a console design, with fully electronic sensor control and opto-electronic synchronization control. In 1979, EUMIG began working on a portable video recorder, first developed by BASF for the LVR system (Longitudinal Video Recording, wherein the recording is carried out in 48 parallel tracks). But later that year, the LVR project was discontinued, as the market opportunities were considered to be too few.
The Eumig FL-1000uP cassette deck came out in 1979, replacing the Metropolitan Series. It used a microprocessor, the Mostek MK 3870. It had a more advanced drive than the Metropolitan, with a front loading design in which the winding speed was electronically governed at Rewind (short rewind time), and was able to tape media positions accurately with an electronic counter, with an extremely short acceleration time. The built-interface could control up to sixteen decks from a computer. The FL 1000uP won the "Award for Design and Engineering" at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Chicago in 1979, where none of the Japanese devices shown had a similar functionality to EUMIG's. Also that year, Eumig launched the waterproof film camera "Nautica" for Super 8, usable up to 40 meters below the surface.
In 1980 Eumig had 3000 employees. That year it launched the two film cameras "Eumig Sound 125 XL" and "Eumig Sound 128 XL" for Super-8 sound film, which were the only sound film cameras EUMIG would produce itself. Previously, it had purchased sound film cameras from Bell & Howell.
Abrupt End, 1980-82
In 1981, EUMIG sold the development branch for SMD technology to the company Schrack. Soon afterwards, the Österreichische Länderbank ("Austrian National Bank") stopped the further financing of EUMIG, and the company terminated production of hi-fi equipment. In 1982 the company declared bankruptcy and began liquidating its assets. The EUMIG skyscraper in Neudorf was sold to Palmers AG, while the brand name "EUMIG" was sold to the Luxembourg company Interbasic. The EUMIG patent for the macro system in lenses was sold to the Japanese company Canon. The Fohnsdorf factory was taken over by AT&S (Austria Technologie & Systemtechnik). The bankruptcy process was completed in 1985. In 1989 the German company Rothenberger GmbH, Frankfurt, acquired the rights to the EUMIG name for the production of cameras and audio and video systems, and today it is under the name EUMIG industry-tv GmbH Environmental products for the channel and tube businesses are sold.
Museum
The Eumig Museum is in Wiener Neudorf.
External links
EUMIG Museum online
Category:Photography companies of Austria
Category:Manufacturing companies based in Vienna
Category:Electronics companies established in 1919
Category:Electronics companies disestablished in 1982
Category | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Builders Exchange Building (Santa Ana, California)
The Builders Exchange Building, at 202-208 N. Main St. in Santa Ana, California, was built in 1929. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
It was designed by architect William Rohrbacher in simplified Beaux Arts style.
References
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, California
Category:Beaux-Arts architecture in California
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1929 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Orion (ship)
Orion is the name of various ships and a ship class:
Naval
, Royal Swedish Navy signals intelligence ship
(S 61), Royal Australian Navy submarine
, various British Royal Navy ships
, British Royal Navy ship class
, various U.S. Navy ships
BAE Orion (H-101), Ecuadorian Navy ship, originally
(HSK-1), Nazi Germany naval ship
, Royal French Navy ship of the line
Civilian
, Swedish salvage ship and museum ship
(also: MS Orion, MY Orion) National Geographic exploration ship
, Arctic ice-strengthened cargo ship
, Orient Steam Navigation modified Orama-class ocean liner
, a British ferry which sank in 1850
Category:Ship names | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Ardent spirit
Ardent spirits (ethyl alcohol), in alchemy, are those liquors obtained after repeated distillations from fermented vegetables. They are thus called because they will take fire and burn. Examples include brandy, spirits of wine, etc.
References
Category:Alchemical substances | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1570s in Denmark
Events from the 1570s in Denmark.
Incumbents
Monarch – Frederick II
Events
1579
The construction of Skovsbo Castle is completed.
Births
1572
February 11 – Ellen Marsvin, noble, landowner (died 1649)
November 23 – Albret Skeel, Admiral of the Realm (died 1639)
1574
December 12 – Anne of Denmark, Queen Consort of Scotland, England and Ireland (died 1618)
1577
April 12 – Christian IV, King of Denmark (d. 1648)
October 11 – Jørgen Lunge, Rigsmarsk (died 1619)
1578
December 30 – Ulrik of Denmark, duke (died 1624)
Deaths
1575
October 24 – Peder Oxe, statesman (b. 1520)
References
Denmark
Category:Years of the 16th century in Denmark | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Pierre-Jean de Sales Laterrière
Pierre-Jean de Sales Laterrière (1 July 1789 in Baie-du-Febvre, Quebec – 1834 in Les Éboulements, Lower Canada) was a doctor, militia officer and author; the elder son of Pierre de Sales Laterrière and Marie-Catherine Delezenne.
In 1807 or 1808 he went to England to study medicine at St Thomas' Hospital in London under Sir Astley Paston Cooper, a famous surgeon. Admitted to membership in the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1809, he did a period of training in a military hospital at Ramsgate.
On returning to Quebec in 1810 Laterrière took over his father’s druggists shop and clientele. Early in 1812 he went into partnership with his younger brother Marc-Pascal de Sales Laterrière, who had recently returned from studying medicine in Philadelphia. At that time there were, other than Laterrière, few if any surgeons in Lower Canada with experience of military hospitals. Consequently on 24 April 1812 he was appointed surgeon to the Voltigeurs Canadiens, a militia regiment.
In 1815 he went to Europe to settle up a family estate, and married Mary Ann Bulmer in London on 16 August 1815. During his absence his father, Pierre de Sales Laterrière died. Thanks to both the inheritance he received from his father and money inherited from his wife's family he was quite rich and opened a new apothecary’s shop in the Ville de Quebec and started practising medicine again. He was active in social causes and was involved in the establishment of the Quebec Dispensary which provided free treatment to the poor. He lived for most of the last decade of his life in London and frequently travelled between Europe and Canada. In 1830 he published a book on Lower Canada to try to educate the British about the needs and expectations of their colony. He died, from diabetes, while on a visit to Les Éboulements.
References
Pierre-Jean de Sales Laterrière. A political and historical account of Lower Canada: with remarks on the present situation of the people, as regards their manners, character, religion, &c. &c. / by a Canadian. -- London : W. Marsh and A. Miller ; Edinburgh : Constable, 1830. Reprinted 2008 with
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Category:Pre-Confederation Quebec people
Category:People from Centre-du-Québec
Category:1834 deaths
Category:1789 births | {
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Eri Nobuchika
is a Japanese singer-songwriter, under the Fearless Records label on Sony Music Associated Records. She currently resides in Tokyo.
Biography
Early years
Eri's professional career started at Sony Music SD "Gonna be a star" audition, a regularly held event for aspiring new pop artists. She sent in her demotape but forgot to include her address. The president of the audition wanted to contact her, and after asking for her through a few calls to Fukuokan post offices, he finally got hold of Eri.
At the audition, she raised interest in producer Shinichi Osawa. She received 7 more label offers, but ultimately signed with Sony Music, and teamed up with Shinichi Osawa. As an artist on his label, Fearless Records, Osawa would go on to primarily produce Eri's music as he did with fellow label artist bird.
2004–2006: Debut and nobuchikaeri
After finishing high school at the age of 19, Eri started work on her debut single, "Lights", which was released on December 8, 2004. The single features the title song, as well as an acoustic version and a karaoke version. The B-track, "I hear the music in my soul", shows off Shinichi Osawa's underground club music background with Eri providing a few vocals. "Lights" starred as the theme song of the Japanese film "深紅" (Shinku, or "The Deep Red") and the ending theme song for the anime FLAG. The song was also featured on Q Entertainment's PlayStation Portable game Lumines, along with "I hear the music in my soul". Many overseas fans discovered Eri through the game and it also helped launch her career in Japan.
Months later, on April 6, 2005, Eri's second single, "Voice" was released. The song carries a Latin atmosphere with the use of Spanish guitars and carries more of Osawa's club sound. Along with the title song are a studio live version, a karaoke version, and a remix of "I hear the music in my soul". On Oricon's Top 100 chart, the single reached a peak of No. 94 and stayed on the charts for 3 weeks.
On June 29, 2005, "Sketch for Summer" was released, a very different genre compared to the previous singles. It was a mellow ballad with some hints of jazz. The single comes with a studio live version, a karaoke version, and a remix of "Voice". In the PV, she is featured in colour for the first time, as all of her videos are black & white. The single scored even lower on Oricon at No. 175 for just one week.
Eri's fourth single, "鼓動" (Kodou, meaning "heartbeat") was released on December 7, 2005, another ballad containing elements of acid jazz, with Eri accompanied by piano and horns. The song appeared in a TV commercial for the mobilecast mLink. "Kodou" is accompanied by a remix, a karaoke version, and a remix of "Sketch for Summer". The single was re-released on two weeks later, replacing the karaoke version with an instrumental version with no background vocals.
Her debut album, "nobuchikaeri", was released on December 21, 2005. It contained her four singles, as well as "I hear the music in my soul", and five new tracks. One of the new tracks included Eri fully singing in English, and two of those tracks, "Yume no Kakera" and "SING A SONG" went on to become her first DVD single on March 1, 2006. The DVD single featured PVs for both songs; the PV for "Yume no Kakera" was created by Studio 4C, who also created animations for The Animatrix.
A 7-track album of remixes titled "nobuchikaeri.rx" was released on May 10, 2006. The album includes remixes of Eri's singles by artists such as Röyksopp, Akufen, and more.
Eri was featured in a radio program on the now-defunct bi-weekly vodcast "the swallowtail radio" (hosted by Sony Music Japan) in which she talked about her career, releases, and where she also addressed messages from fans.
2006 to present: Independent work and Hands
After the release of nobuchikaeri.rx and Shinichi Osawa's move to Avex Trax in 2006, Eri went into a lengthy hiatus with no releases.
An update on her blog told of a studio recording in Okinawa during the summer; this was eventually revealed as her collaboration with NAOTO, the leader of Japanese band Orange Range, in his solo project, delofamilia.
delofamilia's first album, quiet life, was released on December 5, 2007, featuring Eri and AIR as guest vocalists, although Eri appears on the majority of the songs singing in mostly English and some Japanese. Eri, NAOTO, and AIR all shared lyric-writing duties for the album.
In April 2009, Eri announced that her second album, "Hands," would be released on June 3, 2009, more than three years after her debut album. Eri also launched her mixi account and a Myspace page with song samples, along with a live concert on release day to coincide with the new album. The album is to be distributed through independent record label Daiki Sound, and it contains eight tracks produced and written by a variety of artists, such as DSK from Port of Notes, The Company, Yuu Sakai, and Ryuichiro Yamaki.
Discography
Studio albums
Remix albums
Singles
Promotional singles
Notes
References
External links
Official website
Official Sony Music Website
Eri's personal blog
Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sony Music Entertainment Japan artists
Category:People from Fukuoka
Category:Japanese female singers
Category:Musicians from Fukuoka Prefecture
Category:21st-century Japanese singers
Category:21st-century women singers | {
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Shadow of Angels
Shadow of Angels () is a 1976 Swiss drama film directed by Daniel Schmid. It was entered into the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. The film is based upon the play Der Müll, die Stadt und der Tod by Rainer Werner Fassbinder.
Cast
Ingrid Caven - Lily Brest
Rainer Werner Fassbinder - Raoul
Klaus Löwitsch - Jude / Broker
Annemarie Düringer - Luise Müller
Adrian Hoven - Herr Müller, ihr Mann
Boy Gobert - Chief of Police: Mülller II
Ulli Lommel - Der kleine Prinz / Little Prince
Jean-Claude Dreyfus - Zwerg / Dwarf (as Jean-Claude Dreyfuss)
Irm Hermann - Emma
Debria Kalpataru - Marie-Antoinette
Hans Gratzer - Oscar
Peter Chatel - Mann / Thomas
Ila von Hasperg - Violet
Gail Curtis - Tau
Christine Jirku - Olga
Raúl Gimenez - Jim (as Raul Gimenez)
Alexander Allerson - Hans von Gluck
Harry Baer - Helfritz
References
External links
Category:1976 films
Category:Swiss films
Category:German-language films
Category:1970s drama films
Category:Films directed by Daniel Schmid
Category:Films produced by Michael Fengler
Category:Films set in Frankfurt
Category:Swiss films based on plays
Category:Films à clef
Category:Swiss drama films | {
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2012–13 U.S. Alessandria Calcio season
The 2012–13 season of U.S. Alessandria Calcio 1912's was their 92nd in Italian football and their 16th in Lega Pro Seconda Divisione (former Serie C2).
Key dates
26 August: gaining only 1-point in the two games against Pavia and Savona, Alessandria is eliminated in the first qualification round of Coppa Italia Lega Pro.
2 September: Alessandria wins its championship debut match against Fano with a considerable 0–6 away.
12 May: with a 1-1 draw away to Bellaria Igea, Alessandria finished the season in 8th position.
Club
Management
Chairman: Maurizio Pavignano
Consulors: Valerio Bonanno, Paolo Camagna, Gianluigi Capra and Gisella Villata
General Secretary: Stefano Toti
Amministrative Secretary: Federica Rosina
Secretary: Stefano Carlet
Communication: Gigi Poggio
PR: Mario Risciglione
Supporters Communication: Emanuele Bellingeri
Referees Communication: Guido Nardone
Marketing: Massimiliano Baroglio, Alberto Viarengo, Antonio Visca and Carlo Zoccola
Coaching staff
Sporting Director: Massimiliano Menegatti
Coach: Egidio Notaristefano
Vice Coach: Giampaolo Ceramicola
Goalkeepers Coach: Gianluigi Gasparoni
Fitness Coach: Andrea Bocchio
Team Manager: Andrea La Rosa
Observer: Fabio Artico
Warehouser: Gianfranco Sguaizer
Medical staff
Director: Guido Ferraris
Team Doctor: Biagio Polla
Masseur: Luigi Marostica
Players
Transfers
In
Out
Profiles and statistics
Legend:
Matches
Lega Pro Seconda Divisione
Coppa Italia Lega Pro
Championship statistics
Results by round
Results summary
References
Alessandria
Category:U.S. Alessandria Calcio 1912 seasons | {
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Paul Peters
Paul Peters may refer to:
Paul Peters (publisher) (born 1982), American publisher
Paul Douglas Peters, person convicted after 2011 Australian bomb hoax
Paul Evan Peters (1947–1996), American librarian | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Tizi Rached
Tizi Rached is a town and commune in Tizi Ouzou Province in northern Algeria.
References
Category:Populated places in Tizi Ouzou Province
Category:Communes of Algeria | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Ghatkopar
Ghatkopar is a suburb in eastern Mumbai. The area is served by the railway station on the Central Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway, and the metro station on Line 1 of the Mumbai Metro.
Mumbai Metro Project
The Versova-Andheri-Ghatkopar Metro corridor of the Mumbai Metro project is an 11.07 km long double line corridor on an elevated viaduct. The route uses Standard Gauge air-conditioned trains with 12 elevated stations. It has a carrying capacity of 60,000 persons per hour and the commuting time on the entire stretch is 21 minutes. The commute time between Versova and Ghatkopar was reduced by 70 minutes by this line. Metro started running successfully from July 2014.
See also
2000 Mumbai landslide
Ghatkopar metro station
Ghatkopar railway station
References
Category:Suburbs of Mumbai | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Lavendelstræde
Lavendelstræde (lit. "Lavender Street") is a street in the old town of Copenhagen, Denmark). It runs from Kattesundet-Hestemøllestræde in the northeast to Vester Voldgade in the west, linking Slutterigade and Nytorv and at Regnbuepladsen and Copenhagen City Hall in the southwest.
History
The street received its name in 1609. It from the area close to the city's central square Gammeltorv to the Gyldenløve Bastion of the West Rampart which followed present-day Vester Voldgade. The name of the street probably refers to the lavender that grew in a small group of herb gardens located next to the rampart.
The street was completely destroyed in the Copenhagen Fire of 1795. It buildings were rebuilt over the next few years, and a new combined townhall and courthouse was built at its beginning, fronting Nytorv.
On the Gyldenløve Bastion stood a stub mill, St. Lucy's Windmill (Sankt Lucie Mølle), which was also known as Lavendelstræde Windmill (Lavendelstræde Mølle) after the street. The rampart survived until 1885. The windmill was dismantled and rebuilt at Enghavevej.
Notable buildings
Lavendelstræde No. 1, 4–6 and 10 are listed. No. 1, located at the corner with Hestemøllestræde, dates from dates from 1806-07. It was expanded with five bays in 1892-93. Constanze Mozart lived in the corner apartment on first floor in the years 1812-1820 with her second husband, the Danish diplomat Georg Nicolaus Nissen. The widow of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, she devoted herself to writing a biography of Mozart with the help of Nissen, although it was not finished until 1829.
The street was destroyed in the Copenhagen Fire of 1795. No. 4–6 are from 1799 and No. 10 is from 1796-97. Taphouse (No. 15) is one of the largest beer bars in the city, offering more than 60 different beers on tap, mainly from Danish and foreign microbreweries.
References
External links
Lavendelstræde at indenforvoldene.dk
Category:Streets in Copenhagen | {
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VNN2
Vascular non-inflammatory molecule 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VNN2 gene.
This gene product is a member of the Vanin family of proteins which share extensive sequence similarity with each other, and also with biotinidase. The family includes secreted and membrane-associated proteins, a few of which have been reported to participate in hematopoietic cell trafficking. No biotinidase activity has been demonstrated for any of the vanin proteins, however, they possess pantetheinase activity, which may play a role in oxidative-stress response.
The encoded protein is a GPI-anchored cell surface molecule that plays a role in transendothelial migration of neutrophils. This gene lies in close proximity to, and in same transcriptional orientation as two other vanin genes on chromosome 6q23-q24. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.
References
Further reading | {
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Help Conquer Cancer
Help Conquer Cancer is a distributed computing project that runs on the BOINC platform. It is a joint project of the Ontario Cancer Institute and the Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute. It is also the first project under World Community Grid to run with a GPU counterpart.
Project Purpose
Its goal is to enhance the efficiency of protein X-ray crystallography, which will enable researchers to determine the structure of many cancer-related proteins faster. This will lead to improving the understanding of the function of these proteins, and accelerate the development of new pharmaceutical drugs.
See also
BOINC
List of distributed computing projects
World Community Grid
External links
Help Conquer Cancer
References
Category:Cancer organizations based in Canada | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults, and is the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis.
It occurs in the setting of chronic liver inflammation, and is most closely linked to chronic viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C) or exposure to toxins such as alcohol or aflatoxin. Certain diseases, such as hemochromatosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, markedly increase the risk of developing HCC. Metabolic syndrome and NASH are also increasingly recognized as risk factors for HCC.
As with any cancer, the treatment and prognosis of HCC vary depending on the specifics of tumor histology, size, how far the cancer has spread, and overall health.
The vast majority of HCC occurs in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, in countries where hepatitis B infection is endemic and many are infected from birth. The incidence of HCC in the United States and other developing countries is increasing due to an increase in hepatitis C virus infections. It is more common in males than females for unknown reasons.
Signs and symptoms
Most cases of HCC occur in people who already have signs and symptoms of chronic liver disease. They may present either with worsening of symptoms or may be without symptoms at the time of cancer detection. HCC may directly present with yellow skin, abdominal swelling due to fluid in the abdominal cavity, easy bruising from blood clotting abnormalities, loss of appetite, unintentional weight loss, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or feeling tired.
Risk factors
HCC mostly occurs in people with cirrhosis of the liver, and so risk factors generally include factors which cause chronic liver disease that may lead to cirrhosis. Still, certain risk factors are much more highly associated with HCC than others. For example, while heavy alcohol consumption is estimated to cause 60–70% of cirrhosis, the vast majority of HCC occurs in cirrhosis attributed to viral hepatitis (although there may be overlap). Recognized risk factors include:
Chronic viral hepatitis (estimated cause of 80% cases globally)
Chronic hepatitis B (about 50% cases)
Chronic hepatitis C (about 25% cases)
Toxins:
Alcohol abuse: the most common cause of cirrhosis
Aflatoxin
Iron overload state (hemochromatosis)
Metabolic:
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: up to 20% progress to cirrhosis
Type 2 diabetes (probably aided by obesity)
Congenital disorders:
Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
Wilson's disease (controversial; while some theorise the risk increases, case studies are rare and suggest the opposite where Wilson's disease actually may confer protection)
Hemophilia, although statistically associated with higher risk of HCC, this is due to coincident chronic viral hepatitis infection related to repeated blood transfusions over lifetime.
The significance of these risk factors varies globally. In regions where hepatitis B infection is endemic, such as southeast China, this is the predominant cause. In populations largely protected by hepatitis B vaccination, such as the United States, HCC is most often linked to causes of cirrhosis such as chronic hepatitis C, obesity, and alcohol abuse.
Certain benign liver tumors, such as hepatocellular adenoma, may sometimes be associated with coexisting malignant HCC. Evidence is limited for the true incidence of malignancy associated with benign adenomas; however, the size of hepatic adenoma is considered to correspond to risk of malignancy and so larger tumors may be surgically removed. Certain subtypes of adenoma, particularly those with β-catenin activation mutation, are particularly associated with increased risk of HCC.
Children and adolescents are unlikely to have chronic liver disease, but if they suffer from congenital liver disorders, this fact increases the chance of developing HCC. Specifically, children with biliary atresia, infantile cholestasis, glycogen-storage diseases, and other cirrhotic diseases of the liver are predisposed to developing HCC in childhood.
Young adults afflicted by the rare fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma may have none of the typical risk factors, i.e. cirrhosis and hepatitis.
Diabetes mellitus
The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in type 2 diabetics is greater (from 2.5 to 7.1 times the nondiabetic risk) depending on the duration of diabetes and treatment protocol. A suspected contributor to this increased risk is circulating insulin concentration such that diabetics with poor insulin control or on treatments that elevate their insulin output (both states that contribute to a higher circulating insulin concentration) show far greater risk of hepatocellular carcinoma than diabetics on treatments that reduce circulating insulin concentration. On this note, some diabetics who engage in tight insulin control (by keeping it from being elevated) show risk levels low enough to be indistinguishable from the general population. This phenomenon is thus not isolated to diabetes mellitus type 2, since poor insulin regulation is also found in other conditions such as metabolic syndrome (specifically, when evidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD is present) and again evidence of greater risk exists here, too. While there are claims that anabolic steroid abusers are at greater risk (theorized to be due to insulin and IGF exacerbation), the only evidence that has been confirmed is that anabolic steroid users are more likely to have hepatocellular adenomas (a benign form of HCC) transform into the more dangerous hepatocellular carcinoma.
Pathogenesis
Hepatocellular carcinoma, like any other cancer, develops when epigenetic alterations and mutations affecting the cellular machinery cause the cell to replicate at a higher rate and/or result in the cell avoiding apoptosis.
In particular, chronic infections of hepatitis B and/or C can aid the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by repeatedly causing the body's own immune system to attack the liver cells, some of which are infected by the virus, others merely bystanders. Activated immune-system inflammatory cells release free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide reactive species, which in turn can cause DNA damage and lead to carcinogenic gene mutations. Reactive oxygen species also cause epigenetic alterations at the sites of DNA repair.
While this constant cycle of damage followed by repair can lead to mistakes during repair, which in turn lead to carcinogenesis, this hypothesis is more applicable, at present, to hepatitis C. Chronic hepatitis C causes HCC through the stage of cirrhosis. In chronic hepatitis B, however, the integration of the viral genome into infected cells can directly induce a noncirrhotic liver to develop HCC. Alternatively, repeated consumption of large amounts of ethanol can have a similar effect. The toxin aflatoxin from certain Aspergillus species of fungi is a carcinogen and aids carcinogenesis of hepatocellular cancer by building up in the liver. The combined high prevalence of rates of aflatoxin and hepatitis B in settings such as China and West Africa has led to relatively high rates of hepatocellular carcinoma in these regions. Other viral hepatitides such as hepatitis A have no potential to become a chronic infection, thus are not related to HCC.
Diagnosis
Methods of diagnosis in HCC have evolved with the improvement in medical imaging. The evaluation of both asymptomatic patients and those with symptoms of liver disease involves blood testing and imaging evaluation. Although historically a biopsy of the tumor was required to prove the diagnosis, imaging (especially MRI) findings may be conclusive enough to obviate histopathologic confirmation.
Screening
HCC remains associated with a high mortality rate, in part related to initial diagnosis commonly at an advanced stage of disease. As with other cancers, outcomes are significanty improved if treatment is initiated earlier in the disease process. Because the vast majority of HCC occurs in people with certain chronic liver diseases, especially those with cirrhosis, liver screening is commonly advocated in this population. Specific screening guidelines continue to evolve over time as evidence of its clinical impact becomes available. In the United States, the most commonly observed guidelines are those published by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, which recommends screening people with cirrhosis with ultrasound every 6 months, with or without measurement of blood levels of tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Elevated levels of AFP are associated with active HCC disease, although inconsistently reliable. At levels >20 sensitivity is 41-65% and specificity is 80-94%. However, at levels >200 sensitivity is 31, specificity is 99%.
On ultrasound, HCC often appears as a small hypoechoic lesion with poorly defined margins and coarse, irregular internal echoes. When the tumor grows, it can sometimes appear heterogeneous with fibrosis, fatty change, and calcifications. This heterogeneity can look similar to cirrhosis and the surrounding liver parenchyma. A systematic review found that the sensitivity was 60% (95% CI 44–76%) and specificity was 97% (95% CI 95–98%) compared with pathologic examination of an explanted or resected liver as the reference standard. The sensitivity increases to 79% with AFP correlation.
Controversy remains as to the most effective screening protocols. For example, while some data support decreased mortality related to screening in people with hepatitis B infection, the AASLD notes. “there are no randomized trials [for screening] in Western populations with cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis C or fatty liver disease, and thus there is some controversy surrounding whether surveillance truly leads to a reduction in mortality in this population of patients with cirrhosis.”
Higher risk people
In a person where a higher suspicion of HCC exists, such as a person with symptoms or abnormal blood tests (i.e. alpha-fetoprotein and des-gamma carboxyprothrombin levels), evaluation requires imaging of the liver by CT or MRI scans. Optimally, these scans are performed with intravenous contrast in multiple phases of hepatic perfusion to improve detection and accurate classification of any liver lesions by the interpreting radiologist. Due to the characteristic blood flow pattern of HCC tumors, a specific perfusion pattern of any detected liver lesion may conclusively detect an HCC tumor. Alternatively, the scan may detect an | {
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Stone v. Graham
In Stone v. Graham, 449 U.S. 39 (1980), the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that a Kentucky statute was unconstitutional and in violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, because it lacked a nonreligious, legislative purpose. The statute required the posting of a copy of the Ten Commandments on the wall of each public classroom in the state. While the copies of the Ten Commandments were purchased with private funding, the Court ruled that because they were being placed in public classrooms they were in violation of the First Amendment.
Opinion of the Court
The Court held that the Kentucky statute that required the Ten Commandments to be posted in school classrooms was in violation of the First Amendment. To interpret the First Amendment, the Court rested on the precedent established in Lemon v. Kurtzman and the three-part "Lemon test". The Court concluded that because "requiring the posting of the Ten Commandments in public school rooms has no secular legislative purpose," it is unconstitutional.
The Court approached the case through the lens created in Lemon v. Kurtzman. They agreed that if Kentucky's statute broke any of the three guidelines outlined in the Lemon test, the statute would be in violation of the Establishment Clause. The majority voiced that The Commandments convey a religious undertone, because they concern "the religious duties of believers: worshipping the Lord God alone, avoiding idolatry, not using the Lord's name in vain, and observing the Sabbath Day." But since "the Commandments are [not] integrated into the school curriculum, where the Bible may constitutionally be used in an appropriate study of history," they have no secular purpose and a definite religious purpose.
The Court concluded that even though The Commandments were paid for by a private institution and even though they were "merely posted on the wall ... the mere posting of the copies under the auspices of the legislature provides the 'official support of the State ... Government' that the Establishment Clause prohibits." Even though the Commandments were not used to indoctrinate or convert students but were quite passive, the Court maintained that, "it is no defense to urge that the religious practices here may be relatively minor encroachments on the First Amendment." Because it endorsed religion and had no secular purpose, the Court concluded that the Kentucky statute was unconstitutional.
Majority:
"This is not a case in which the Ten Commandments are integrated into the school curriculum, where the Bible may constitutionally be used in an appropriate study of history, civilization, ethics, comparative religion, or the like. [See Abington School District v. Schempp.] Posting of religious texts on the wall serves no such educational function. If the posted copies of the Ten Commandments are to have any effect at all, it will be to induce the schoolchildren to read, meditate upon, perhaps to venerate and obey, the Commandments. However desirable this might be as a matter of private devotion, it is not a permissible state objective under the Establishment Clause of the Constitution."
Dissent
Justice Rehnquist argued in his dissent that the statute did not violate the First Amendment because there was a legitimate secular purpose to the Ten Commandments' posting. Rehnquist argued that "the Ten Commandments have had a significant impact on the development of secular legal codes of the Western World," which he qualified as a secular purpose. Rehnquist's dissent also argued that something's relation to religion does not automatically cause it to "respect an establishment of religion."
Justice Rehnquist agreed with the framework proposed by the majority opinion, but thought that the Kentucky statute had a secular purpose. Rehnquist believed that just because "the asserted secular purpose may overlap with what some may see as a religious objective does not render it unconstitutional." The Court argued that since the Commandments are a 'sacred text' and are not taught in the context of history classes, their mandatory posting is unconstitutional. Rehnquist argued that the Commandments are a document that has "had a significant impact on the development of secular legal codes of the Western World." Rehnquist's dissent contended that since religion has "been closely identified with our history and government … one can hardly respect the system of education that would leave the student wholly ignorant of the currents of religious thought."
See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 449
Glassroth v. Moore (11th Cir. 2003)
Van Orden v. Perry (2005)
McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union (2005)
Pleasant Grove City v. Summum (2009)
Green v. Haskell County Board of Commissioners (10th Cir. 2009)
External links
Category:United States Supreme Court cases
Category:United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
Category:Establishment Clause case law
Category:1980 in United States case law
Category:Legal history of Kentucky
Category:1980 in Kentucky
Category:1980 in religion
Category:Ten Commandments | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Malaulalo
Malaulalo is an uninhabited island in the Solomon Islands; it is the central one of the Olu Malau (Three Sisters) Islands located in Makira-Ulawa Province. It has an area of 3.34 km².
The first recorded sighting by Europeans of Malaulalo was by the Spanish expedition of Álvaro de Mendaña in May 1568. More precisely the sighting of Malaulalo was due to a local voyage that set out from Guadalcanal in a small boat, in the accounts the brigantine Santiago, commanded by Alférez Hernando Énriquez and having Hernán Gallego as pilot. They charted the three Olu Malau islands as Las Tres Marias (The Three Marys in Spanish).
References
Category:Islands of the Solomon Islands
Category:Uninhabited islands of the Solomon Islands | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Nera di Arbus
The Nera di Arbus, more fully Pecora Nera di Arbus ("black sheep of Arbus"), is a breed of small domestic sheep indigenous to the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, Italy. It takes its name from the comune of Arbus, in the province of Medio Campidano, in the south-western part of the island. It is raised in the provinces of Cagliari, Nuoro, Oristano and Sassari. The breed achieved official recognition in 2008.
The Nera di Arbus is one of the seventeen autochthonous Italian sheep breeds for which a genealogical herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep-breeders. In 2008, the first year of registration, 233 head were registered in the herdbook; in 2013 the total number recorded was 4118.
The milk yield of the Nera di Arbus, over and above that taken by the lambs, averages 50 litres in 100 days for primiparous ewes, and 88–98 l in 180 days for pluriparous ones. The milk averages 6.5% fat and 5.6% protein. Lambs weigh 9.5–9.8 kg at 30 days. Rams yield about 2 kg of wool, ewes about 1.2 kg; the wool is of coarse quality. It is used to make orbace, a coarse hand-woven cloth, from which two traditional Sardinian garments are made: sa mastrucca, the overcoat worn by shepherds; and su sacu, a heavy waterproof blanket.
References
Category:Sheep breeds originating in Italy | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Blonde in Bondage
Blonde in Bondage/Blondin i fara is a 1957 Swedish drama crime film directed by Robert Brandt, who also wrote lyrics to the film's two songs. Distributors Corporation of America released the film in the US as a double feature with The Flesh Is Weak.
Plot
New York City reporter Larry Brand is sent to Stockholm to do a story on Swedish morals. A traffic accident leads him into rescuing a strip tease artiste from drug addiction and pits him against a ruthless criminal gang.
Cast
Mark Miller as Larry Brand
Anita Thallaug as Mona Mace
Lars Ekborg as Max
Ruth Johansson as Laila
Birgitta Ander as Birgitta
Eva Laräng as Ingrid
Anita Strindberg as Telephone operator (credited as Anita Edberg)
Erik Strandmark as Olle
Stig Järrel as Kreuger
Börje Mellvig as Chief Inspector
Dangy Helander as a Prostitute
Norma Sjöholm as a second Prostitute
Sangrid Nerf as a taxi driver
Alexander von Baumgarten as Kuger's valet
John Starck ... Chief of guards
Soundtrack
The Blues Music by Ulf CarlénLyrics by Robert Brandt
Shock Around the ClockMusic by Ulf Carlén Lyrics by Robert Brandt
External links
Category:1957 films
Category:Swedish films
Category:Swedish-language films
Category:1950s crime films
Category:Swedish crime films
Category:Swedish black-and-white films
Category:Films about heroin addiction
Category:Films shot in Sweden | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Khmeli, Brest Voblast
Khmeli (, ) is a village in Belarus. It is located in the Kamenets District, Brest Region, 318 km south-west of the capital Minsk and near the Polish border.
External links
Location including the places
Category:Villages in Belarus
Category:Populated places in Brest Region
Category:Grodno Governorate
Category:Polesie Voivodeship | {
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New Street Law
New Street Law is a British legal drama television series produced by Red Production Company in association with One-Eyed Dog Ltd for BBC One. The series was created by G. F. Newman and Matthew Hall, and starred an ensemble cast headed by John Hannah and Paul Freeman. Hannah and Freeman play Jack Roper and Laurence Scammel respectively, two barristers heading rival chambers in Manchester. Roper's chamber works in defence, while Scammel—Roper's one-time mentor—works for prosecution. A large supporting cast played members of Roper and Scammel's teams.
Filming on sets took place at Web Film Studios, Little Hulton, near Bolton. Location work was done on the streets of Manchester, Bolton and Rochdale. Other interior locations included the Bolton Masonic Hall, St John Street Chambers in Manchester, and a hospital in Rochdale. Although the second series did not air until February 2007, there was only a six-week gap between filming.
The first series aired in May and June 2006 in a pre-watershed timeslot on BBC One. The second series was moved to 9 p.m. Low ratings saw the last two episodes moved to a 10.40 p.m. timeslot. In July 2007, the cancellation of the series was announced. This left an unresolved cliffhanger from the second series, with the audience left unaware of whether Jack survived a car crash.
Acorn Media UK have released both series on DVD in Region 2. In Region 1, Entertainment One have released the entire series on DVD.
Cast and characters
John Hannah as Jack Roper
Paul Freeman as Laurence Scammel QC
John Thomson as Charlie Darling
Lisa Faulkner as Laura Scammel
Chris Gascoyne as Al Ware
Penny Downie as Honor Scammel
Lee Williams as Joe Stevens
Lara Cazalet as Annie Quick
Ace Bhatti as Ash Aslan
Jayne Ashbourne as Sally Benn
Don Warrington as Judge Ken Winyard
Ben Owen-Jones as Chris Quick
Episode list
Series 1 (2006)
Series 2 (2007)
References
External links
New Street Law at bbc.co.uk
Category:2006 British television series debuts
Category:2007 British television series endings
Category:2000s British drama television series
Category:2000s British legal television series
Category:BBC television dramas
Category:English-language television programs
Category:Television shows set in Manchester
Category:Television series by Entertainment One | {
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Jama Mohamud Takar
Jama Mohamud Takar () (Jan 14 1930 – 18 November 2008) was a senior Somali politician and one of the leaders of Mohamed Muumin, a Leelkase sub-clan. He was one of the earliest members of the Somali Youth League.
Jama Mohamud Takar joined Somali Youth League 1955. Then in the late 1950s turned into the Somali Great League which was the only organisation challenging SYL, in the early 1960s he became the vice-president of the league.
In 1962 Jama Mohamud Takar established the first Somali free Megazine Etihad Alsha'ab which the military regime later named Xiddigta October
Jama Mohamud Taker had a large family including 4 wives and 16 children. His children were initially 20 but 4 of them have passed away.
Jama Mohamud Taker has over 75 grandchildren now, and his name and legacy continues to grow every year.
Category:1930s births
Category:2008 deaths
Category:Darod
Category:Somali Youth League politicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Citizens Action Party (British Columbia)
The Citizens Action Party (formerly the British Columbia Grey Party) was a minor political party in British Columbia, Canada. It was formed in 2002 as a protest movement of senior citizens against their perceived victimization by the BC Liberal Party. Its leader was Bill Savage.
The party changed its name in an effort to broaden its support base, and put forward a platform heavily invoking "common sense" solutions to political problems.
In September 2004, it joined with the British Columbia Democratic Alliance, Link BC and the British Columbia Moderate Democratic Movement to form the "British Columbia Democratic Coalition". Link BC and the CAP pulled out of the coalition less than a month later, and announced their own plans to merge under the Link BC name. The BCDC became the founding core of Democratic Reform British Columbia. The Citizens Action Party was de-registered by Elections BC in June 2009.
See also
List of British Columbia political parties
External links
CAP BC
Category:Provincial political parties in British Columbia
Category:Citizens' Action Parties
Category:2002 establishments in British Columbia
Category:Political parties established in 2002
Category:2009 disestablishments in British Columbia
Category:Political parties disestablished in 2009 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Pseudicius ridicularis
Pseudicius ridicularis is a jumping spider that lives in Ethiopia.
See also
Pseudicius
References
Category:Salticidae
Category:Fauna of Ethiopia
Category:Spiders of Africa
Category:Spiders described in 2008 | {
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Leptostylus fuligineus
Leptostylus fuligineus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1885.
References
Category:Leptostylus
Category:Beetles described in 1885 | {
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Benjamin F. Deming
Benjamin F. Deming (January 1, 1790 – July 11, 1834) was an American merchant and politician. He served as a U.S. Representative from Vermont.
Biography
Deming was born in Danville, Vermont; he pursued academic studies and became a merchant. He was the clerk of the Caledonia County Court from 1817 until 1833. From 1822 until 1833, he was the probate judge in Vermont, and he served as a member of the Governor's council from 1827 until 1832. Deming was elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-third Congress, and served from March 4, 1833 until his death on July 11, 1834.
Personal life
He married Eunice Clark on June 6, 1816. They had five children together; Harriet Deming, Henry Hopkins Deming, Charles Deming, Franklin Deming and William Deming.
Death
In the summer of 1834, Deming became ill while in Washington, DC and decided to return home. He died in Saratoga Springs, New York en route to his home in Danville. He is interred at the Danville Green Cemetery.
A cenotaph for Deming is located in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)
References
External links
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Govtrack.us
The Political Graveyard
Category:1790 births
Category:1834 deaths
Category:People from Danville, Vermont
Category:Anti-Masonic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Vermont
Category:Vermont state court judges | {
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Yo-kai Watch
is a mixed-media franchise of role-playing video games and toys, created and developed by Level-5. The first game in the series was released for the Nintendo 3DS in 2013. 3 main sequels and several spinoffs, on both Nintendo and mobile platforms, have been released. In December 2019, they expanded to PlayStation.
Six manga adaptations have also been produced; one, a shōnen manga series that began serialization in Shogakukan's CoroCoro Comic from December 2012, became an award winner. An anime television series produced by OLM, Inc. began airing in Japan from January 2014 and was a ratings success, boosting the franchise in popularity, and began airing in North America from October 2015. An animated film was released in December 2014; with three more films being produced. As of 2016, the game series had shipped 13 million copies worldwide.
Despite not meeting Level-5's expectations in the United States, the franchise still enjoyed a successful U.S. launch, with the original 3DS game selling 400,000 units, as well as toys and an airing of the TV series on Disney XD. However, interest in the Yo-kai Watch franchise steadily declined, and Hasbro's Yo-kai Watch toy line was discontinued in the United States in 2017 and in Europe and Latin America in 2018.
Concept
The franchise was first thought up as a Doraemon IP, something that could be long lasting over a long period of time. Akihiro Hino, CEO of Level-5, researched extensively what makes a franchise long-lasting, and came up with Yo-kai Watch.
Yo-kai Watch revolves around befriending Yo-kai that are haunting the city. They are based on traditional Japanese yōkai, but often with clever twists. If one befriends a Yo-kai, they get their friendship medal, an object that allows one to summon Yo-kai. With these, they can summon Yo-kai to either fight other Yo-kai, befriend others, or solve everyday tasks.
The basic plot for most of the media is that the main character (either Nate or Katie) obtains a Yo-kai Watch through Whisper, a butler Yo-kai. They then befriend Jibanyan, a cat Yo-kai who haunts an intersection because he thinks his owner from when he was alive named Amy called him lame for getting hit by a truck. During the anime's run, other Yo-kai were introduced.
Media
Main video game series
The main video game series is a role-playing video game where the player befriends Yo-kai, and fights the bad ones that seek to rule over the world. The main emphasis in the games is placed on fighting the Yo-kai. All of the main series' games up to Yo-kai Watch 2 have the same battle style; using the 3DS's touchscreen during battles to rotate amongst the player's Yo-kai at will. All of the Yo-kai have powerful moves called Soultimates; some being healing moves, but most of them being offensive. In Yo-kai Watch 3, the battle system was changed into more of a grid-based movement system, and the added use of the Dream Link to use the Yo-kai Blaster against foes during battle.
Yo-kai Watch
The first game in the main series, Yo-kai Watch, was announced at the 2011 Tokyo Game Show and first released in Japan on July 11, 2013. It sets the foundation for the rest of the video game franchise, introducing all of the main mechanics.
Yo-kai Watch 2
The second main game in the series, was released in Japan on July 10, 2014 as two versions, Bony Spirits and Fleshy Souls. Yo-kai Watch 2 expands the areas to be explored, with nearly 100 new Yo-kai in the present day of the Kemamoto region (called Harrisville outside of Japan) and the past, where the player time travels to meets traditional Yo-kai and sees their grandfather, who made the predecessor to the Yo-kai Watch. A third version, Psychic Specters, was released on December 12, 2014 to coincide with the first Yo-kai Watch film Yo-kai Watch: Tanjō no Himitsu da Nyan!. Psychic Specters featured characters and scenarios not initially included in Bony Spirits and Fleshy Souls.
Bony Spirits and Fleshy Souls were localized in English and released in the United States on September 30, 2016 (April 7, 2017 in Europe). The localized Bony Spirits and Fleshy Souls received the Oni Evolution update on September 14, 2017, making those games compatible with save data from the western release of Psychic Specters on September 29, 2017.
Yo-kai Watch 3
In Japan, Yo-kai Watch 3 was announced alongside Yo-kai Watch Busters in April 2015 and released in July 2016 in two versions, Sushi and Tempura. The game features a new story mechanic, where two main characters are playable at the same time: Nate and Hailey. The first half of the game has Nate and his family moving from Japan (Springdale in the localization), to the United States (which is called BBQ in the localization), in the fictional town of St. Peanutsburg, where new American-themed Yo-kai can be found. The other half of the game focuses on a new character, Hailey Anne Thomas, and her partner Yo-kai Usapyon, who run a detective agency together. A third version, Sukiyaki, was eventually released in Japan on December 16, 2016. Sukiyaki combines Sushi and Tempura into one game, as well as additional exclusives.
On September 27, 2018, Nintendo of America announced that Yo-kai Watch 3 was getting a localization release outside of Japan, which released December 7, 2018 in Europe and February 8, 2019 in North America.
Yo-kai Watch 4
Yo-kai Watch 4 was released for the Nintendo Switch in Japan on June 20, 2019, and will be released worldwide in 2020. It features character designs from Yo-kai Watch Shadowside, as well as the original designs. The game also includes characters from previous games, as well as the main characters from Yo-kai Watch: Forever Friends.
An enhanced version, Yo-kai Watch 4++, was later released both as paid DLC as well as at retail for both the Switch and PlayStation 4 on December 5, 2019.
Other video games
Blasters
A spin-off game, was first announced in the April 2015 issue of CoroCoro Comic alongside Yo-kai Watch 3. Busters allowed up to four players to cooperate in battling boss Yo-kai. The first two versions of the game, and , were released on July 11, 2015. A free expansion for the two Yo-kai Watch Blasters games called was released on December 12, 2015, adding characters and settings featured in second anime feature film Yo-kai Watch: Enma Daiō to Itsutsu no Monogatari da Nyan!.
A sequel, , was also released in two versions, and , on December 16, 2017. The sequel games are compatible with save data from the first games as well as the three versions of Yo-kai Watch 3.
The first game was localized in English regions as Yo-kai Watch Blasters, where it released on September 7, 2018. The game would be released outside Japan under the same two version branding, as Red Cat Corps and White Dog Squad. A free update for both games, Moon Rabbit Crew, was released on September 27, 2018.
Other associated games
The Data Carddass game was first location tested in late December 2013, and debuted at the Next Generation World Hobby Fair Winter 2014 before being released in early 2014. The game is played much like Bandai's other Data Carddass games, in which the player uses an interface resembling a slot machine to determine the events of a battle between 3 of the player's Yo-kai against 3 enemy Yo-kai, after the player sought them out on the game interface. Winning the game awards the player a card that can be used for future Tomodachi UkiUkipedia play.
was announced alongside Busters and Yo-kai Watch 3 in April 2015. Sangokushi was made in collaboration with Koei Tecmo's Romance of the Three Kingdoms series as well as several mobile games.
In August 2015, a collaboration with Ubisoft to release a special version of the Just Dance series was announced, set to feature songs from the anime's soundtrack, and the result was , which was released on the Wii U on December 5, 2015, exclusively in Japan.
On June 27, 2018, Level-5 and GungHo Online Entertainment announced the release of Yo-kai Watch World, in a special live stream on that day. (Before the same-day release of the game, it was teased online as a "game that will shock the world", as stated from Level-5.) Said to compete with Pokémon Go, it featured many new gameplay mechanics, as well as the battle sequences being similar to the original 3DS games. Currently, it's only able to work within Japan, as other locations do not mostly work outside of Japan.
Console-based spin-offs
Yo-kai | {
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Walter Hill (disambiguation)
Walter Hill (born 1942) is an American film director.
Walter Hill may also refer to:
People
Walter Hill (garden curator) (18201904), Scottish-born Australian botanist, founder of Brisbane Botanic Gardens
Walter Barnard Hill (18511905), American lawyer, Chancellor of the University of Georgia 18891905
Walter Hill (footballer) (before 1891after 1899), English footballer
Walter Hill (British Army officer) (18771942), British soldier, Colonel of the Royal Fusiliers
Walter Hill (sportscaster) (19282014), American sportscaster
Walter Newell Hill (18891955), American Medal of Honor recipient
Places
Walter Hill, Queensland, a locality in the Cassowary Coast Region, Australia
Walterhill, Tennessee, census-designated place in Rutherford County, Tennessee
Other uses
Filmworks II: Music for an Untitled Film by Walter Hill, an album of music by John Zorn not used in the movie Trespass
Hill (surname) | {
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Borek, Krapkowice County
Borek (German Waldwinkel) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krapkowice, within Krapkowice County, Opole Voivodeship, in southwestern Poland. It lies approximately north of Krapkowice and south of the regional capital Opole.
Before 1945, the area was part of Germany (see Territorial changes of Poland after World War II).
References
Borek | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Trochosa hungarica
Trochosa hungarica is a wolf spider species in the genus Trochosa found in Hungary.
See also
List of Lycosidae species
References
External links
Category:Lycosidae
Category:Wolf spiders of Europe
Category:Spiders of Europe
Category:Spiders described in 1879 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Lee Copeland
Lee G. Copeland is an American architect and urban designer. He served as Dean of the University of Washington College of Architecture and Urban Planning (now College of Built Environments) from 1972 to 1979 and thereafter as Dean of the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Fine Arts (now PennDesign) from 1979 to 1991. He is currently a consulting principal at Mithun.
Copeland was elected a Fellow in the American Institute of Architects in 1979. He won the AIA Seattle Chapter Medal in 2000, and in 2001 he received the AIA/ACSA Topaz Medallion for Excellence in Architectural Education.
Education
University of Pennsylvania — Master of City Planning
University of Pennsylvania — Master of Architecture
University of Washington — Bachelor of Architecture
External links
AIA Seattle Honors Archive
Category:Fellows of the American Institute of Architects
Category:Architects from Seattle
Category:University of Pennsylvania faculty
Category:University of Washington faculty
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:American architects
Category:American urban planners
Category:University of Washington College of Built Environments alumni
Category:University of Pennsylvania School of Design alumni | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Alexander Barantschik
Alexander Barantschik (born 1953) joined the San Francisco Symphony as Concertmaster in September 2001, having served as Concertmaster of the London Symphony Orchestra and Netherlands Radio Philharmonic.
Born in St. Petersburg, after training at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, he performed with various Soviet orchestras, including the St Petersburg Philharmonic, before emigrating in 1979 to become concertmaster of the Bamberg Symphony Orchestra. He was concertmaster of the Netherlands Radio Philharmonic from 1982–2001 and leader of the London Symphony Orchestra from 1989-2001. He moved to the United States in 2001 at the request of San Francisco Symphony music director Michael Tilson Thomas.
Barantschik has won various competitions, including the International Violin Competition in Sion, Switzerland, and the Russian National Violin Competition. As a chamber musician, he has performed with Mstislav Rostropovich, Maxim Vengerov, and Yuri Bashmet.
He performs on the c.1742 Guarnerius del Gesù violin that was once owned by Ferdinand David, and Jascha Heifetz. Barantschik has used the instrument in performances with the San Francisco Symphony and The San Francisco Academy Orchestra.
External links
Profile and interview from San Francisco Chronicle
The San Francisco Academy Orchestra Press Room
San Francisco Symphony - Members of the Orchestra
Category:Russian violinists
Category:Male violinists
Category:Concertmasters
Category:Living people
Category:1953 births
Category:21st-century classical violinists
Category:21st-century male musicians | {
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Ken Russell's ABC of British Music
Ken Russell's ABC of British Music is a 1988 British documentary directed by Ken Russell.
It was an edition of The South Bank Show. Russell said: "Some people said it was the most beautiful film they'd ever seen, and others wrote it was shocking and obscene, because I showed a naked woman in a lake, an image not commonly associated with romantic music."
References
External links
Ken Russell's ABC of British Music at BFI Screenonline
Ken Russell's ABC of British Music at BFI
Category:1988 television films
Category:British films
Category:British television films
Category:British documentary films
Category:English-language films
Category:Films directed by Ken Russell | {
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Takenoko-zoku
Takenoko-zoku (竹の子族, lit. "bamboo shoot tribe") describes a type of dance group active from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s in Tokyo, especially in Harajuku. The teenagers, mainly girls but often with one boy leading, were colorfully dressed and danced in a distinctive style on the sidewalk to music from stereos. To an extent, they were precursors to the gyaru groups that would eventually arise in the 90s.
A performance of a takenoko-zoku group can be seen in Chris Marker's film Sans Soleil.
Notes
External links
Takenoko-zoku photos
Category:Performing arts in Japan
Category:Shibuya | {
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1994–95 FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup
The 1994/95 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup was the sixteenth World Cup season in freestyle skiing organised by International Ski Federation. The season started on 15 December 1994 and ended on 11 March 1995. This season included four disciplines: aerials, moguls, ballet and combined. This was the last season when combined events were in world cup calendar for ladies.
Men
Aerials
Moguls
Ballet
Combined
Ladies
Aerials
Moguls
Ballet
Combined
Men's standings
Overall
Standings after 40 races.
Moguls
Standings after 10 races.
Aerials
Standings after 11 races.
Ballet
Standings after 10 races.
Combined
Standings after 9 races.
Ladies' standings
Overall
Standings after 40 races.
Moguls
Standings after 10 races.
Aerials
Standings after 11 races.
Ballet
Standings after 10 races.
Combined
Standings after 9 races.
References
Category:FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup
World Cup
World Cup | {
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