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Strictly Global Strictly Global was an American weekly music-television program, which aired from November 19, 2004, to June 3, 2011. It showcased music videos covering every genre of music from every corner of the globe. The program highlights international artists as well as independent and ethnic American talent. The program was produced by MHz Networks, and was broadcast every Friday night on MHz WorldView. History The program premiered on November 19, 2004. Co-produced and co-hosted by Terrance Averett and Mike Leyva, it was originally launched as an hour-long program airing at 9 PM ET. When Levya left the station in May 2005, Averett became sole producer and host. In 2007, Averett became senior producer and A.C. Evans and Jennifer Roh became alternating hosts, with occasional appearances by Averett. In the same year, it expanded to a two-hour block and started airing at 8 PM and 11 PM ET. Season 7 saw new hosts: Dawn Reed, Danni Rosner, and Christina Tkacik. The show was shot at the State Theatre, in Falls Church, Virginia. It is hosted in English, but music videos encompass a wide array of languages. The program reached 30 million households across the U.S. Hosts Dawn Reed Born March 2, 1981 in Misawa, Aomori, Japan, Reed is an American actress, model, director and television personality. She is most known as the hostess and VJ for the international music video television show Strictly Global. Reed joined the program in 2008, during its seventh season. She is also credited as an associate producer and editor for the show, and is a regular blogger for its website. In 2009, Reed created a new segment called "Beat Kitchen" which showcases recipes inspired by music videos. Danni Rosner A multilingual singer who grew up in Tokyo, Rosner returned to the United States during high school. An alumna of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, she holds degrees in musical analysis and English and has worked as a television reporter in Italy, a touring blues singer, and has sung the National Anthem at major sports venues in D.C. (Nationals Park, RFK Stadium, Verizon Center). Nextwave In its sixth season, the show introduced the new segment, "Nextwave", that spotlights new independent artists and bands with culturally diverse sounds and perspectives. Footage of Nextwave artists is featured between music videos during Strictly Global, as well as online. The segment is introduced with a short biography of the artist or band followed by their music video. Nextwave was launched on March 27, 2008, with singer-songwriter Sona Kay as the segment's first featured artist. Kay gave a short interview and performed two of her songs "Fight For Me" and "Contra Corriente" on the guitar. The segment is shot at the 8101A Studio. Cancellation The program's last new episode was aired on June 3, 2011. See also List of American television series References External links , Popmatters. (Article) Category:2004 American television series debuts Category:2011 American television series endings Category:2000s American music television series Category:2010s American music television series Category:English-language television programs Category:Falls Church, Virginia Category:Music videos Category:Pop music television series	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Olivier Kamanda Olivier Kamanda is the Director of Learning and Impact Strategy at the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. He is a former Presidential Innovation Fellow and previously served as speechwriter and senior advisor to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. Education He obtained a bachelor of science degree from Princeton University in 2003 and his Juris Doctor from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 2009. It was during his third year at Penn Law that he founded the Foreign Policy Digest. Also while in law school, he was executive editor of the school's Journal of International Law and a columnist for The Huffington Post. Career He is the founding editor-in-chief of Foreign Policy Digest. Kamanda is a former Trustee of Princeton University and a fellow with the Truman National Security Project. Kamanda was president of the Montgomery County Young Democrats from 2004 to 2006. Since 2010, he has been an associate lawyer at White & Case in Washington, D.C. In 2011, Kamanda was named one of Washington, D.C.'s "Most Influential Leaders Under 40" by Washington Life Magazine. References External links Olivier Kamanda's blog on the Huffington Post Foreign Policy Digest website Penn Current Student Spotlight White & Case bio Category:American activists Category:American columnists Category:Living people Category:People from Chevy Chase, Maryland Category:African-American people Category:Princeton University alumni Category:University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gurazada Apparao University The Gurazada Apparao University is a public university located in Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh. It was established on 14 February 2019. The university was named after Gurazada Apparao, a noted Indian playwright, dramatist, poet, and writer known for his works in Telugu theatre. History Earlier, the university is the outgrowth initiative of the Post-Graduate centre of Andhra University, which was established in 21 September 2004 with the aim of ensure better education to poor and backward communities in and around Vizianagaram. The Engineering college of the university was earlier known as JNTUK Vizianagaram. This Engineering college was established as a constituent institute of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada on September 2007. On 14 February 2019, the University was formed by merging the Andhra University PG Centre, Vizianagaram and JNTUK Vizianagaram campus. It was inaugurated by then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Nara Chandrababu Naidu,. Campus The university is spread across an area of 189 acres. It serves the educational needs of Vizianagaram district. Vizianagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of North Eastern Andhra Pradesh in Southern India. Vizianagaram translates to the "city of victory" and is also given the nickname of the "city of education". References Category:Universities in Andhra Pradesh Category:Universities and colleges in Vizianagaram district Category:Educational institutions established in 2019 Category:2019 establishments in India Category:Vizianagaram	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ingegärd Töpel Ingegärd Margareta Töpel (13 May 1906 – 11 July 1988) was a Swedish diver. She competed in the 10 m platform event at the 1928 Summer Olympics, alongside her elder sister Hjördis. References Category:1906 births Category:1988 deaths Category:Olympic divers of Sweden Category:Divers at the 1928 Summer Olympics Category:Swedish female divers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2013 Victorino Cunha Cup The Victorino Cunha Cup is an annual Angolan basketball tournament held in honour of former Angolan basketball coach Victorino Cunha. The 5th edition (2013), ran from October 22 to 24, and was contested by the top four teams of the 2013 BAI Basket, and played in a round robin system. Recreativo do Libolo ended the tournament undefeated to win its first title. Schedule Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Final standings Awards See also 2013 BAI Basket 2013 Angola Basketball Cup 2013 Angola Basketball Super Cup References Category:Victorino Cunha Cup seasons Victorino	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Aorangi Forest Park Aorangi Forest Park is a protected area in the Wellington Region of New Zealand administered by the Department of Conservation (DOC). It had been called the Haurangi Forest Park but DOC changed to reflect the Māori name of the range protected by the park. There are six backcountry huts and a recreational hunting area in the park. There are deer, goats and pigs (in low numbers) in the park. See also Forest Parks of New Zealand Protected areas of New Zealand Conservation in New Zealand Tramping in New Zealand References External links Aorangi Forest Park at the Department of Conservation Aorangi Forest Park at Google Maps Category:Forest parks of New Zealand Category:Protected areas of the Wellington Region Category:Protected areas established in 1978	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Scott Report The Scott Report (the Report of the Inquiry into the Export of Defence Equipment and Dual-Use Goods to Iraq and Related Prosecutions) was a judicial inquiry commissioned in 1992 after reports of arms sales to Iraq in the 1980s by British companies surfaced. The report was conducted by Sir Richard Scott, then a Lord Justice of Appeal. It was published in 1996. Much of the report was secret. Background In the late 1980s, Matrix Churchill, a British (Coventry) aerospace quality machine tools manufacturer that had been bought by the Iraqi government, was exporting machines used in weapons manufacture to Iraq. According to the International Atomic Energy Authority, the products later found in Iraq were among the highest quality of their kind in the world. They were 'dual use' machines that could be used to manufacture weapons parts. Such exports are subject to government control, and Matrix Churchill had the appropriate government permissions, following a 1988 relaxation of export controls. Crucially, however, this relaxation had not been announced to Parliament – indeed, when asked in Parliament whether controls had been relaxed, the then-Secretary of State for Trade and Industry replied incorrectly that they had not. Matrix Churchill was contacted by HM Customs and Excise, under suspicion of exporting arms components to Iraq without permission. It had this permission but this was denied by the government, in line with the most recently announced policy on the matter. Matrix Churchill's directors were therefore prosecuted in 1991 by Customs and Excise for breaching export controls. The trial did not go well for the government – public interest immunity certificates obtained by the government to suppress some critical evidence (supposedly on grounds of national security) were quickly overturned by the trial judge, forcing the documents to be handed over to the defence. The trial eventually collapsed when former minister Alan Clark admitted he had been 'economical with the actualité in answer to parliamentary questions regarding what he knew about export licenses to Iraq. Report The Scott Report represents possibly the most exhaustive study produced to that date of the individual responsibility of ministers to Parliament. Scott comments on the difficulty of extracting from departments the required documents (some 130,000 of them in all) and notes how Customs and Excise could not find out what Ministry of Defence export policy was, and how intelligence reports were not passed on to those who needed to know. The Economist commented that "Sir Richard exposed an excessively secretive government machine, riddled with incompetence, slippery with the truth and willing to mislead Parliament". The report characterised the nature of the government as: Scott identified three main areas of democratic concern. First, the Import, Export and Customs Powers (Defence) Act 1939 was emergency legislation passed at the outbreak of the Second World War. It allowed the government to issue regulations which were not subject to resolutions in Parliament, for the duration of the emergency, which would make it a criminal offence to export particular goods to particular countries. While the Act should have been lapsed in 1945, it remained in force, and had been modified in 1990 so as to become part of the Import and Export Control Act 1990. The second area was the failure of ministerial accountability; the principle that "for every action of a servant of the crown a minister is answerable to Parliament". The third area was that of public-interest immunity certificates, which had been issued during the Matrix Churchill trial. As a result of these certificates, innocent men were in danger of being sent to prison, because the government would not allow the defence counsel to see the documents that would exonerate their clients. While some of these contained potentially sensitive intelligence material, many were simply internal communications: the certificates were intended to protect the ministers and civil servants who had written the communications, rather than the public interest. Scott states: Publication The publication of the report was seen by many as the nadir of the 1990s Conservative governments of the UK. Prior to the report's publication, those ministers who were criticised were given the opportunity to comment and request revisions. The 1,806-page report was published, along with a press pack which included a few relatively positive extracts from the report presented as if representative of the entire report, at 3:30pm. Given a then largely pro-government press, this proved effective at stalling an extensive analysis in the media. The report had to be debated in Parliament. Ministers criticised in the report were given advanced access to the report and briefed extensively on how to defend themselves against the report's criticisms. In contrast, according to senior Labour MP Robin Cook, the opposition were given just two hours to read the million-plus words, during which scrutiny they were supervised and prevented from making copies of the report. Finally, the Prime Minister, John Major, stated that a vote against the Government would be in effect a vote of no confidence, ensuring that Conservative MPs would not vote against, while a vote for was a vote exonerating the Government of any wrongdoing. Robin Cook worked with a team of researchers to scrutinise the report, and delivered "what was regarded as a bravura performance". Nonetheless, the Government won the vote 320–319. References Commentary by David Butler Q&A: The Scott Report, BBC News Robin Cook's obituary, BBC News. Category:1992 in the United Kingdom Category:1996 in the United Kingdom Category:Public inquiries in the United Kingdom Category:Judicial inquiries	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Clackmannanshire and Dunblane (Scottish Parliament constituency) Clackmannanshire and Dunblane is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood). It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. It is also one of nine constituencies in the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to the nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole. Created in 2011, the constituency covers much of the area previously in the abolished Ochil. Electoral region The other eight constituencies of the Mid Scotland and Fife region are Cowdenbeath, Dunfermline, Kirkcaldy, Mid Fife and Glenrothes, North East Fife, Perthshire North, Perthshire South and Kinross-shire and Stirling. The region covers all of the Clackmannanshire council area, all of the Fife council area, all of the Perth and Kinross council area and all of the Stirling council area. Constituency boundaries and council areas The Ochil constituency was created at the same time as the Scottish Parliament, in 1999, with the name and boundaries of a pre-existing Westminster (House of Commons) constituency. In 2005, however, Scottish Westminster constituencies were mostly replaced with new constituencies. The Ochil Westminster constituency, was divided between the Ochil and South Perthshire Westminster constituency and the Stirling Westminster constituency. The constituency covers all of the Clackmannanshire council area, while the rest of the Stirling council area is covered by the Stirling constituency. From the 2011 Scottish Parliament election, Ochil was largely replaced by an expanded constituency of Clackmannanshire and Dunblane. The electoral wards used in the creation of Clackmannshire and Dunblane are: Clackmannanshire West Clackmannanshire North Clackmannanshire Central Clackmannanshire South Clackmannanshire East Dunblane Bridge of Allan Member of the Scottish Parliament Election results 2010s Footnotes Category:Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions from 2011 Category:Politics of Stirling (council area) Category:Politics of Clackmannanshire Category:Constituencies of the Scottish Parliament Category:Constituencies established in 2011 Category:2011 establishments in Scotland	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Medical Research Council Technology LifeArc, formerly known as the Medical Research Council Technology (MRC Technology, MRCT) is a British life science medical research charity. It was established in 2000 to translate the work of UK Medical Research Council (MRC) research scientists. Today, LifeArc provides intellectual property identification, protection and commercialisation, technology development, diagnostic development, early stage drug discovery and antibody humanization services for the MRC, academia, biotechnology and pharmaceutical organisations and charities, aiming to move promising medical research forward into viable and accessible patient treatments. Profits from LifeArc's activities are reinvested into further research. History LifeArc started as the Medical Research Council Liaison Office in 1984, and in 1986 the MRC Collaborative Centre, a laboratory-based technology transfer function, was founded. In 1993, the Liaison Office became MRC's Technology Transfer Group, responsible for office based patenting and licensing. The organisation was set up as a charity and a company limited by guarantee in 2000 to incorporate patenting, licensing and research functions. On 15 June 2017 it officially became LifeArc. Activities LifeArc has humanised a number of antibodies on behalf of other organisations. Four of these, Tysabri (Biogen Idec/Elan), Actemra (Hoffmann-La Roche/Chugai), Entyvio (Millenium Pharma/Takeda) and Keytruda (Merck/MSD), are now on the market. In 2010, LifeArc signed a deal with the drug company AstraZeneca to share chemical compounds to help identify potential treatments for serious diseases. LifeArc is a member of a Global Drug Discovery Alliance along with the Centre for Drug Research and Development, the Scripps Research Institute, Cancer Research Technology, the Lead Discovery Centre and the Centre for Drug Design and Discovery, dedicated to translating health research into new medicines and working together to improve the conversion of global early-stage research into much-needed new therapies. Through its earnings from licensing agreements, LifeArc provides funding for academic research and early-stage medical research. Dementia Consortium was launched in December 2013 - a unique £3m drug discovery collaboration between Alzheimer's Research UK, LifeArc and pharmaceutical companies Eisai and Lilly. In March 2019, LifeArc joined with Cancer Research UK and Ono Pharma to progress new immunotherapy drug targets for cancer. In May 2019, LifeArc announced it had sold part of its royalty rights for Keytruda to a subsidiary of Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB) for US$1.297 billion, making it one of the biggest UK medical charities by size of investment. Key achievements References External links LifeArc's website Category:Technology transfer Category:Companies based in the London Borough of Camden Category:Medical research institutes in the United Kingdom Category:Charities based in London	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nasr ibn Sayyar Naṣr ibn Sayyār al-Lāythi al-Kināni (; 663–748) was an Arab general and the last Umayyad governor of Khurasan in 738–748. Nasr played a distinguished role in the wars against the Turgesh, although he failed to decisively confront the rebellion of al-Harith ibn Surayj in its early stages. Although respected as a soldier and a statesman, he owed his appointment as governor more to his obscure tribal background, which rendered him dependent on the Caliph. His tenure was nevertheless successful, as Nasr introduced long-overdue tax reforms that alleviated social tension and largely restored and stabilized Umayyad control in Transoxiana, which had been greatly reduced under the Turgesh onslaught. His last years were occupied by inter-tribal rivalries and uprisings, however, as the Caliphate itself descended into a period of civil war. In 746 Nasr was driven from his capital by Ibn Surayj and Juday al-Kirmani, but returned after the latter fell out among themselves, resulting in Ibn Surayj's death. Preoccupied with this conflict, Nasr was unable to stop the outbreak and spread of the Abbasid Revolution, whose leader, Abu Muslim, exploited the situation to his advantage. Evicted from his province in early 748, he fled to Persia pursued by the Abbasid forces, where he died on 9 December 748. Early life and career Nasr was a military leader with long service and experience in Khurasan. As early as 705 he participated in a campaign along the upper Oxus River, led by Salih, the brother of Qutayba ibn Muslim, the general who had been tasked with subduing Transoxiana. For his service during this campaign, Nasr was awarded an entire village in this region. Despite the successes of Qutayba, much of Central Asia east of the Oxus remained outside effective Arab control; while garrisons had been established in places like Samarkand, Balkh, or Bukhara, the Caliphate largely relied on cliental relationships with the multitude of local rulers, who became tributary to the Umayyads. In addition, clashes with the Chinese-backed Türgesh, the ambiguous policy followed regarding conversion of the native population (mass conversions would lessen the taxable population and hence the amount of tribute received) and increasing inter-Arab tribal factionalism weakened Umayyad control over the region and necessitated increased military activity. In 724, Nasr is recorded as heading a Mudari army sent against Balkh, where restive Yemenite troops refused to participate in the expedition against Ferghana that resulted in the disastrous "Day of Thirst". His troops, reinforced by men from the subject Hephthalite principality of Chaghaniyan, clashed with the Yemenis at Baruqan and prevailed over them. This led to resentment towards his person among the Yemenis, especially from those around Balkh; and during the governorship of the Yemeni Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri, along with other Mudari leaders, Nasr fell into disfavour and was mistreated. Nasr was one of the few Muslim leaders to distinguish himself in the disastrous Battle of the Defile in July 731. In 734 he was appointed as governor of Balkh, after arresting the previous governor. There he faced the rebellion of the local Khurasani troops under al-Harith ibn Surayj, who called for reforms in taxation and the ending of discrimination towards the native converts (mawali). Ibn Surayj marched on Balkh and took the city with only 4,000 followers, even though Nasr commanded 10,000 men. It is unclear from the sources whether the town was seized from Nasr, or whether it was captured in his absence and then successfully held against him. In any case, Nasr and his army remained passive for the remainder of the revolt; they did not aid the provincial capital, Merv, when the rebels attacked it, and this stance encouraged several local tribes to join the uprising. Eventually however the rebels were defeated by Juday al-Kirmani, with Ibn Surayj fleeing across the Oxus to the Türgesh. Appointment as governor of Khurasan In July 738, at the age of 74, Nasr was appointed as governor of Khurasan. Despite his age, he was widely respected both for his military record, his knowledge of the affairs of Khurasan and his abilities as a statesman. Julius Wellhausen wrote of him that "His age did not affect the freshness of his mind, as is testified not only by his deeds, but also by the verses in which he gave expression to his feelings till the very end of his life". However, in the climate of the times, his nomination owed more to his appropriate tribal affiliation than his personal qualities. From the early days of the Muslim conquests, Arab armies were divided into regiments drawn from individual tribes or tribal confederations (butun or ʿashaʿir). Despite the fact that many of these groupings were recent creations, created for reasons of military efficiency rather than any common ancestry, they soon developed a strong and distinct identity. Eventually, and certainly by the beginning of the Umayyad period, this system progressed to the formation of ever-larger super-groupings, culminating in the two super-groups: the northern Arab Mudaris or Qaysis, and the southern Arabs or "Yemenis" (Yaman), dominated by the Azd and Rabi'ah tribes. By the 8th century, this division had become firmly established across the Caliphate and was a source of constant internal instability, as the two groups formed in essence two rival political parties, jockeying for power and separated by a fierce hatred for each other. During Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik's reign, the Umayyad government appointed Mudaris as governors in Khurasan, except for Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri's tenure in 735–738. Nasr's appointment came four months after Asad's death. In the interim, the sources report variously that the province was run either by the Syrian general Ja'far ibn Hanzala al-Bahrani or by Asad's lieutenant Juday al-Kirmani. At any rate, the sources agree that al-Kirmani stood at the time as the most prominent man in Khurasan and should have been the clear choice for governor. His Yemeni roots (he was the leader of the Azd in Khurasan), however, made him unpalatable to the Caliph. Nasr on the other hand, in addition to his other qualities, was a Mudari and married to a Tamimi wife. He would therefore be acceptable to the numerous Mudari element of the Khurasani army, which outnumbered the Yemenis, but could also, as a local, help to reduce the Khurasani Arabs' discontent towards the Syria-centric Umayyad government. Nasr's own relatively obscure tribal background—from a non-noble family of the Layth tribe from Kinanah—also suited the Caliph's purposes, as it meant that he lacked any local power base of his own. Indeed, Nasr's rule throughout his tenure was not fully accepted by many Arab tribesmen: aside from the Yemenis, who favoured their "own" candidate al-Kirmani and resented the shift in power back towards the Mudaris, the Qays around Nishapur refused to support him, and even the Syrian contingent sided with his opponents. Nasr was hence mostly reliant on the support of his wife's powerful Tamim tribe living around Marv. As long as he was supported by a strong central government in Damascus, Nasr was able to keep his internal enemies in check, but in the troubles that followed Hisham's death in 743, that support vanished. In the event, Nasr would succeed in retaining his office for a decade, despite the turmoil that swept the Caliphate after 743. When Yazid III came to power in early 744, he initially ordered Nasr replaced. Nasr refused to accept this, and held on to the post, being eventually confirmed to it a few months later. After Marwan II's rise to power in December 744, he likewise affirmed Nasr's position. Reforms and campaigns Nasr gave his province an unprecedented period of good government, stability and prosperity, so that, in the words of the 9th-century historian al-Mada'ini, "Khurasan was built up as it had never been before". His major achievements during his tenure were the reform of the tax system and the restoration of Umayyad control over Transoxiana. The Khurasani tax system had been established at the time of the Muslim conquest and remained unchanged since. It relied on the collection of a fixed tribute by the local non-Muslim (mostly Zoroastrian) gentry, the dihqans, who often discriminated against the Muslim settlers and the native converts. This contributed to the latter's increasing resentment of Umayyad rule, and the demand for a tax reform had fuelled past revolts like that of Ibn Surayj. Consequently, Nasr streamlined the tax system in 739, implementing a blanket imposition (the kharaj) on all owners of	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
21st Infantry Regiment (Thailand) The 21st Infantry Regiment, Queen Sirikit's Guard () (ร.21 รอ.) is a King's Guard regiment under the 2nd Infantry Division, Queen Sirikit's Guard of the Royal Thai Army. The regiment was created in 1950. It is known as the Queen's Guard or Thahan Suea Rachini (, translated as "Queen's Tiger Soldiers"). It is sometimes referred to as the "Eastern Tigers". The regiment is based in Chonburi. Origins The 21st Regiment of the Royal Thai Army, or the Queen's Guard, was formed on 22 September 1950 at the request of United Nations Command. Its purpose was to help the US-led UN troops fight the Korean People's Army and the Chinese People's Volunteers in the Korean War. Campaigns Korean War service Called "Little Tigers". Voluntary service in the Vietnam War in 1968-1969 Called the "Queen's Cobra". Suppressed communist terrorists and helped civilians in Nan Province in 1975. Received the Order of Rama for stopping Vietnamese border incursions on the Thai-Cambodian border in 1983. Organization The regiment is composed of three subordinate units: the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Infantry Battalions. 1st Infantry Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment, Queen's Guard 2nd Infantry Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment, Queen's Guard 3rd Infantry Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment, Queen's Guard Uniform Rajchawanlop hat with black tuft with the royal cypher of the queen. Purple woolen top with black woolen mane embroidered with the queen's cypher on the wrist. Black woolen trousers with two purple stripes per side. Training Selection Trainee must be serve in the 21st Regiment Queen's Guard or be permitted by the Royal Thai Army to attend the training. Training content The Queen's Tigers run a training course every two years. Its duration is 16 weeks. Physical and mental conditioning in preparation for the next phase. This phase takes four weeks. Only those who passing this phase move to the next phase. Forest and mountain training (four weeks): This phase focuses on infiltration by air and ground. Small unit tactics. Guerrilla warfare tactics. Sea phase (three weeks): Water infiltration and tactical diving. Coastal patrolling, amphibious warfare, living off the sea, parachuting into water. Urban phase (three weeks): Urban operations, anti-terrorist ops, hostage rescue, tactical us of motorbikes. Air phase (two weeks): Parachuting, parachute packing and problem solving. Award for completion Those who successfully complete the tiger training course receive a military capabilities plate from the queen. The metal plate is decorated with a purple heart and the queen's cypher. The lower part is a blue ribbon contain the honorific "Tiger Soldier". To both sides of the purple heart are tigers soaring above mountains, waves, and clouds. Political influence In the 1990s, according to one academic, "...the Eastern Tigers amassed considerable wealth by trading gems with Cambodian Khmer Rouge insurgents based along the two countries' border, a racket which 'directly benefited'... some of its commanders. Within a decade, the Eastern Tigers dominated the Thai military." The Queen's Guard have since had an inordinate influence on Thai politics. Former Queen's Guard commanders led the May 2014 Thai coup d'état that toppled the elected government. References External links Official Website of the 1st Infantry Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment, Queen's Guard Category:King's Guard units of Thailand Category:Military units and formations established in 1950 Category:1950 establishments in Thailand	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Goshen, New Hampshire Goshen is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 810 at the 2010 census. History Incorporated in 1791, Goshen was first settled in 1768 as a part of Saville (now Sunapee). The name Goshen may have been taken from Goshen, Connecticut, where many residents had relatives. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and is water, comprising 0.40% of the town. The long ridge of Mount Sunapee occupies the eastern edge of town. The highest point in Goshen is an unnamed knob on the ridge (near Goves Mountain) where the elevation reaches above sea level. Goshen lies almost fully within the Connecticut River watershed, though a small corner in the southeast of town is in the Merrimack River watershed. Adjacent municipalities Sunapee, New Hampshire (north) Newbury, New Hampshire (east) Washington, New Hampshire (south) Lempster, New Hampshire (southwest) Unity, New Hampshire (west) Newport, New Hampshire (northwest) Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 741 people, 279 households, and 219 families residing in the town. The population density was 32.9 people per square mile (12.7/km²). There were 389 housing units at an average density of 17.3 per square mile (6.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.03% White, 1.62% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.13% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population. There were 279 households out of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.5% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.5% were non-families. 17.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.96. In the town, the population was spread out with 24.2% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.5 males. The median income for a household in the town was $42,625, and the median income for a family was $45,208. Males had a median income of $33,333 versus $22,727 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,561. About 6.9% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 21.5% of those age 65 or over. Education Goshen and the neighboring town of Lempster maintained a combined elementary and middle school, called Goshen-Lempster Cooperative School, located in Lempster. The school served kindergarten through 8th grade. The cooperative was dissolved in June 2016. The majority of Goshen elementary and middle-school aged children now attend Newport, NH schools; the Newport school system now acts as the anchor system for Goshen students. After 8th grade, students are given the choice to attend several neighboring high schools, including Newport High School, Sunapee Senior High School, and Kearsarge Regional High School. Notable people John Williams Gunnison, US Army officer and explorer of the American West References External links Town of Goshen official website New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile Sunapee-Ragged-Kearsarge Greenway Coalition Category:Towns in Sullivan County, New Hampshire Category:Towns in New Hampshire	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Interstate 265 Interstate 265 (I-265) is a Interstate Highway encircling the Louisville, Kentucky, metropolitan area, which includes Southern Indiana. In Kentucky, it travels through Jefferson County, from I-65 in the southern part of Louisville, meeting I-65 again in Indiana, where the road continues west to I-64, where it ends. The entire Kentucky stretch of the road is co-signed with Kentucky Route 841 (KY 841). An additional stretch of freeway between US 31W/US 60/KY 1934 and I-65 in the south part of Louisville is solely designated as KY 841. The highway is named the Gene Snyder Freeway (originally named the Jefferson Freeway), after the former congressman, and usually called "the Snyder" by locals. It is considered part of Louisville's beltline. Route description \|- \| IN \|\| 13.1 \|\| 21.1 \|- \| KY \|\| 38.9 \|\| 62.6 \|- \| Total \|\| 52 \|\| 83.7 \|} Indiana Interstate 265 (I-265) in the U.S. state of Indiana presently runs from I-64 at the western edge of New Albany to the Lewis and Clark Bridge near Utica. Beginning at its western terminus, the freeway is concurrent with Indiana State Road 62 until Exit 10. Kentucky Interstate 265 (I-265) in the U.S. state of Kentucky presently runs from the Lewis and Clark Bridge in northern Louisville to an interchange with I-65 in southern Louisville. The entire freeway is concurrent with Kentucky Route 841. The Gene Snyder Freeway in which KY 841 and I-265 overlap for between I-65 and the Indiana state line has seen an increase in serious accidents. The primary factors stem from its low-level grass median which offers little to no protection for crossover incidents. Driver inattention and increased traffic and congestion has led to a decline in the overall level-of-service. In 2006, cable barriers were installed in the median for between I-71 and I-64, with further installation possible in the near future. Part of the road is currently signed in kilometers, which is unusual in the United States. Kentucky Route 841 Kentucky Route 841 (KY 841) is a state highway in the suburbs of Louisville. The route is a partial beltway, encircling Louisville on its southern and eastern sides. Compass direction changes to the north and south of exit 23, Taylorsville Road interchange. The western terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 31W (US 31W) and US 60 in the southwest Louisville community of Valley Station, where KY 841 continues to the west as KY 1934 while the northern terminus is at the Lewis and Clark Bridge and to the north of the East End Tunnel. The section between its terminus at KY 1934 and I-65 is solely designated as KY 841. History Originally signed just as KY 841, the Jefferson Freeway was constructed originally with two sections, one between KY 155 (Taylorsville Road) and US 60 (Shelbyville Road) and a second section between KY 1447 (Westport Road) and US 42 in the 1960s as short connectors to the eastern suburban expansion as well as a new Ford plant. I-264 by 1970 was woefully congested and was in dire need of reconstruction and other improvements, therefore I-265 was proposed as an outer beltway to provide pass-through motorists relief from the congestion of I-264. Construction started in the early 1980s and was finished later that decade and signed in 1987. The road is signed as I-265 and KY 841 from the I-65 interchange to the Indiana state line. From I-65 west to US 31W (although it is up to Interstate Highway standards), is signed solely as KY 841 due to American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials numbering rules. KY 841 is signed throughout the entire designation of I-265. The exit numbering for the entire beltway starts at the western terminus of KY 841. Indiana State Road 265 The segment of the highway between I-65 and SR 60 at Exit 10 in Indiana was formerly known as Indiana State Road 265. It was changed in June 2019 to an Interstate under approval by AASHTO. Studies have also been conducted for the reconfiguration of the I-265 and I-64 interchange. It is currently an underpowered cloverleaf with no collector–distributor lanes, a relic of the original Jefferson Freeway. In late 2005, members of the Louisville Metro Council proposed a committee to begin planning a western bridge to link the southwestern end of the highway in Kentucky to Indiana. However the proposal of the western bridge was not put into action yet. On December 18, 2016, State Road 265 was extended east of State Road 62, which crosses the Ohio River connecting with KY 841, which was extended north of U.S. 42 in Kentucky as part of the Ohio River Bridges Project, creating a bypass around the eastern side of the city of Louisville. On June 4, 2019, the two disjointed sections of I-265 were finally connected under AASHTO approval, with the Indiana State Road 265 designation decommissioned and replaced by I-265. However, the signage has not yet been replaced to reflect the AASHTO approval. The Kentucky Route 841 designation mostly concurrent with I-265 in Kentucky has remained. Lewis and Clark Bridge In various discussions for over 30 years, the Lewis and Clark Bridge (previously referred to as the East End Bridge) is part of a new highway that connects State Road 265 in Indiana to KY 841 in Kentucky. The completion of the bridge connected the two disjointed highways to form a three-quarter beltway around the Louisville, Kentucky, metro area. The bridge was opened to traffic on December 18, 2016. There are currently no plans to construct a bridge on the west end of I-265. Exit list See also Roads in Louisville, Kentucky References External links KentuckyRoads.com: I-265 65-2 65-2 65-2 65-2 Kentucky Category:Transportation in Jefferson County, Kentucky 0265 Category:Transportation in Clark County, Indiana Category:Transportation in Floyd County, Indiana	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Peshekee River The Peshekee River is a river on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States. It is a tributary of Lake Michigamme, and its waters flow via the Michigamme River and the Menominee River to Lake Michigan. See also List of rivers of Michigan References Michigan Streamflow Data from the USGS Category:Rivers of Michigan Category:Tributaries of Lake Michigan	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Salisbury (1818 ship) Salisbury was launched c.1814 in the almost certainly under another name and was possibly a prize. She was possibly captured by the British or sold to British owners in 1815. She made one voyage seal hunting in 1820 and transported settlers to South Africa in 1821. She was lost in 1827. Origins and career Salisbury origins and career are difficult to untangle because there were at various times several vessels by that name, all ranging between 117 and 125 tons burthen, and having similar trades. In 1821 Lloyd's Register (LR) carried two vessels named Salisbury, and the Register of Shipping carried four. It appears that LR missed one vessel completely and may have conflated two different vessels. Salisbury first appeared in LR in 1815 with S. Creedy, master, London owners, and trade London–Sierra Leone. Her origins were given as a foreign prize. She first appeared in the Register of Shipping (RS) with J. Creedy, master, Craig, owner, and trade London–Africa. Her origins were given as Portugal, built in 1812.<ref name=RS1816>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024214267?urlappend=%3Bseq=650 '"RS (1816), Seq.№1119.]</ref> However, in 1818 RS had two listings for Salisbury while LR had one that seemingly combined the two listings in RS. Seal hunting voyage (1820–1821): On 8 September 1820 Messrs Cannan, Smith and Millars appointed Captain Thomas Hodges, late master of , to command of Salisbury to engage in seal hunting. He sailed from England on 15 September, bound for the South Shetland Islands. He arrived at New South Shetland in January 1821 and left on 16 February. Salisbury called at Buenos Aires and arrived in the Downs on 13 May and in the Thames by 22 May. She returned with 9000, or 9,821, or 8,926 seal skins. FateSalisbury, of Liverpool, was lost off Cape Mount, Africa, on 1 June 1827. Her crew survived. Lloyd's List gave the name of her master as Bryan. Citations and references Citations References Jones, A.G.E. Jones (April 1985) British Sealing on New South Shetland 1819-1826: Part I", Great Circle'', Vol.7, No.1, pp. 9-22. Category:1814 ships Category:Age of Sail merchant ships of England Category:Sealing ships Category:Ships of the 1820 settlers Category:Maritime incidents in June 1827	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pharyngeal plexus (venous) The pharyngeal plexus (venous) is a network of veins beginning in the pharyngeal plexus on the outer surface of the pharynx, and, after receiving some posterior meningeal veins and the vein of the pterygoid canal, end in the internal jugular. See also pterygoid venous plexus References External links http://anatomy.uams.edu/AnatomyHTML/veins_head&neck.html Category:Veins	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Panamanian Chess Championship The Panamanian Chess Championship is the individual national chess championship of Panama. The first edition was played in 1945 and won by Rubén Darío Cabrera. It was originally a biennial event, and from 1945 to 1961 six championships were played, and from 1962 to 1971 eight championships. From 1972 to 1976, it was held annually, but the tournament of 1977 never finished because the beginning of a long schism in Panamanian chess. From 1978 to 1988, it was again held annually. In 1982 and 1989, and from 1991 to 2004, two organizations held separate events, resulting in two champions, but in 1990 there was a single competition, and therefore one champion. In 2004 both federations made peace, and since 2005 then there has only been one championship each year. At the end of the 1970s, the first women's chess championship was started, and it became an annual event in 2002. Panama is the only country in the world where a father and daughter have been champions in the same year twice: 2004 and 2008. To show the rise of new isthmian chess, Panama took 2008 the Centroamerican Championship by the hand of Jorge Baúles, first IM of Panama. In the youth categories, the signal (abs) show a champion in one big tournament with various categories at same time. In 2010 there was no play because of official budget trouble with "Pandeportes", the government sports entity (which had three chiefs in only eleven months), and the tournament was played in the firsts months of 2011. In the final round of the 2014 tournament, two players were tied in all playoffs and were proclaimed champions. One is a foreigner, but changed his country flag as Panamanian in ratings.fide.com in March 2015, and is the fourth to win the title. Usually the Panamanian common considered overseas with over five years of residence, as one of their own. Champions References Federacion de Ajedrez de Panama Federacion de Ajedrez de Panama previous website Partial winners list from Ajedrez Ataque Detailed results: 2003-2005 editions AJEDREZ en Panamá www.bit.ly/ajedrezenpanama ..www.bit.ly/ajedrezpanama2..resultado www.bit.ly/ajedrezpanama coleccion # 7 chessresults.com - This website is for sale! - Chess Resources and Information. "Finales y Problemas Elementales de Ajedrez" author "Luis Farrugia", recompiled by "Juan Ramon Martinez D'Ettore". copyright "Editora de la Nacion, Rep. de Panama, orden no. 1636, 1977. Sánchez se imponen en el torneo nacional de ajedrez Specific <Sánchez se imponen en el torneo nacional de ajedrez /> Category:Chess national championships Category:Women's chess national championships Championship Category:1945 in chess Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1945	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Flóra Gondos Flóra Gondos (born 11 April 1992) is a Hungarian diver. She competed in the 3 m springboard at the 2012 Summer Olympics. References External links https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/go/flora%2Dgondos%2D1.html Category:1992 births Category:Living people Category:Divers at the 2012 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic divers of Hungary Category:Hungarian female divers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
SA Promo SA Promo is a magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom since 2006. It is printed in A5-size format and is targeted at the community of approximately 1,500, 000 expatriate South Africans living in the United Kingdom. History SA Promo was founded in November 2006 by J. C. Muller and Justin Lester, who saw an opportunity after South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth post-apartheid. This allowed South Africans to apply for a working holiday visa to live and work in the United Kingdom for a period of two years. The United Kingdom saw an influx from South Africa, many of whom have subsequently settled in the country. On the 27 November 2008 the UK working holiday visa was replaced by a Point Based Visa System. The South African government does not have a reciprocal agreement with the British government and therefore no longer qualify for this category of visa. In 2014 the SA Promo changed focus to cater for all South Africans and not just South Africans abroad. Circulation & Distribution Internationally With South Africans relocating all over the world the demand for media aimed at South Africans abroad has increased. SA Promo magazine is now available as an online magazine accessible from anywhere in the world. Online SA Promo magazine is available to read online, providing access to the magazine from anywhere in the world. The website also offers a comprehensive directory of South African businesses and organisations abroad. References External links SA Promo Category:British magazines Category:Magazines established in 2006 Category:British monthly magazines	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kruczynek Kruczynek () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Miasto nad Wartą, within Środa Wielkopolska County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Środa Wielkopolska and south-east of the regional capital Poznań. References Kruczynek	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Soviet prisoners of war in Finland Soviet prisoners of war in Finland during World War II were captured in two Soviet-Finnish conflicts of that period: the Winter War and the Continuation War. The Finns took about 5,700 POWs during the Winter War, and due to the short length of the war they survived relatively well. However, during the Continuation War the Finns took 64,000 POWs, of whom almost 30 percent died. Winter War The number of Soviet prisoners of war during the Winter War (1939–1940) was 5,700, of whom 135 died. Most of them were captured in Finnish pockets (motti) north of Lake Ladoga. The war lasted only 105 days and most of the deceased POWs were either seriously wounded or sick. Some of the POWs, at least 152 men, enlisted in the so-called Russian Liberation Army in Finland. They were not allowed to take part in combat. After the war, some members of the Liberation Army managed to escape to a third country. Continuation War The number of Soviet prisoners of war during the Continuation War (1941–1944) was about 64,000. Most of them were captured in 1941 (56,000 persons). The first Soviet POWs were taken in June 1941 and were transferred to reserve prisons in Karvia, Köyliö, Huittinen and Pelso (a village in modern-day municipality of Vaala). Soon Finnish administration realized that the number of POWs was much greater than initially estimated, and established 32 new prison camps in 1941–1944. However, all of them were not used at the same time as POWs were used as a labour force in different projects around the country. The Finns did not pay much attention to the living conditions of the Soviet POWs at the beginning of the war, as the war was expected to be of short duration. The quantity and quality of camp personnel was very low, as the more qualified men were at the front. It was not until the middle of 1942 that the quantity and quality of camp personnel was improved. There was a shortage of labour in Finland and authorities assigned POWs to forest and agricultural work, as well as the construction of fortification lines. Some Soviet officers cooperated with the Finnish authorities and were released from prison by the end of the war. Finnic prisoners who were captured on the fronts or transferred by Germany were separated from other Soviet POWs. At the end of 1942 volunteers could join the Finnish battalion Heimopataljoona 3, which consisted of Baltic Finns such as Karelians, Ingrian Finns, Votes and Veps. Prisoner exchange with Germany About 2,600–2,800 Soviet prisoners of war were handed over to the Germans in exchange for roughly 2,200 Finnic prisoners of war held by the Germans. In November 2003, the Simon Wiesenthal Center submitted an official request to Finnish President Tarja Halonen for a full-scale investigation by the Finnish authorities of the prisoner exchange. In the subsequent study by Professor Heikki Ylikangas it turned out that about 2,000 of the exchanged prisoners joined the Russian Liberation Army. The rest, mostly army and political officers, (among them a name-based estimate of 74 Jews), most likely perished in Nazi concentration camps. Deaths Most of the deaths among Soviet POWs, 16,136, occurred in the ten-month period from December 1941 to September 1942. Prisoners died due to bad camp conditions and the poor supply of food, shelter, clothing, and health care. About a thousand POWs, 5 percent of total fatalities, were shot, primarily in escape attempts. Food was especially scarce in 1942 in Finland due to a bad harvest. Punishment for escape attempts or serious violations of camp rules included solitary confinement and execution. Out of 64,188 Soviet POWs, from 18,318 to 19,085 died in Finnish prisoner of war camps. In 1942 the number of prisoner deaths had a negative effect on Finland's international reputation. The Finnish administration decided to improve living conditions and allowed prisoners to work outside their camps. Hostilities between Finland and the Soviet Union ceased in September 1944, and the first Soviet POWs were handed over to the Soviet Union on 15 October 1944. The transfer was complete by the next month. Some of the POWs escaped during the transportation, and some of them were unwilling to return to the Soviet Union. Furthermore, Finland handed over 2,546 German POWs from the Lapland War to the Soviet Union. Trials in Finland According to the Moscow Armistice, signed by Finland and the victorious Allies, mainly the Soviet Union, the Finns were to try those who were responsible for the war and those who had committed war crimes. The Soviet Union allowed Finland to try its own war criminals, unlike other losing countries of the Second World War. The Finnish parliament had to create ex post facto laws for the trials, though in the case of war crimes the country had already signed the Hague IV Convention. In victorious Allied countries war-crime trials were exceptional, but Finland had to arrange full-scale investigations and trials, and report them for the Soviet Union. Criminal charges were filed against 1,381 Finnish POW camp staff members, resulting in 723 convictions and 658 acquittals. They were accused of 42 murders and 342 other homicides. Nine persons were sentenced to life sentences, 17 to imprisonment for 10–15 years, 57 to imprisonment for five to ten years, and 447 to imprisonment varying from one month to five years. Fines or disciplinary corrections were levied out in 124 cases. Although the criminal charges were highly politicized, some war crime charges were filed already during the Continuation War. However, most of them were not processed during wartime. Aftermath Winter War POWs Returned to the Soviet Union After the Winter War, the Soviet POWs were returned to the USSR in accordance with the Moscow Peace Treaty. They were transported under heavy guard by the NKVD to special camps as suspected traitors. Prisoners were interrogated by 50 person research teams. After lengthy investigations about 500 of the prisoners were found guilty of high treason and sentenced to death. Some prisoners were released, but most of them, 4,354 men, were sentenced to five to eight years in labour camps (gulag). This would lead to the later death of some of the prisoners due to harsh camp conditions. Continuation War POWs Returned to the Soviet Union After the Continuation War, Finland handed over all Soviet and German prisoners of war in accordance with the 10th article of the Moscow Armistice. Furthermore, the article also stipulated the return of all Soviet nationals who were deported to Finland during the Continuation War. This meant that Finland also had to hand over all those who moved to Finland voluntarily, as well as those who fought in the ranks of the Finnish army against the Soviet union, though some had Finnish citizenship. The return to the Soviet Union was in many cases fatal for these people, as some of them were executed as traitors at the Soviet train station at Vyborg and some died in harsh camp conditions in Siberia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union the survivors were allowed to return to Finland. Some of the Soviet prisoners of war co-operated with the Finns during the war. Before the end of the war all related Finnish archives, including interrogation documents relating to co-operating prisoners, were destroyed; and these POWs' destinations after the war are uncertain. Some of them were secretly transported by Finnish army personnel to Sweden and some continued on as far as the United States. The highest ranking Soviet prisoner of war was Major General Vladimir Kirpichnikov, who returned to the Soviet Union. He was tried, convicted of high treason, and executed in 1950. Legal position of Soviet POWs Finland had signed the 1907 Hague IV Convention in 1922 that covered the treatment of prisoners of war in detail. However, Finland announced that it could not completely obey the convention as the Soviet Union had not signed the same convention. The convention required ratification by both parties to the hostilities before going into effect. Finland did not sign the updated 1929 Third Geneva Convention, because it conflicted with some clauses of Finnish criminal law. Although the Soviet Union had not signed the Hague IV Convention, the reality was unclear and ambiguous. Soviet law specified that a Soviet soldier's surrender constituted treason which was punishable by death or imprisonment and seizure of the soldier's property. See also Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union East Karelian concentration camps War children § Soviet prisoners of war Notes References Citations Bibliography Category:Military history of the Soviet Union during World War II * Category:Finland–Soviet Union relations Category:Winter War Category:Continuation War	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
El Khasos 'Ain Shams El Sharkya () is a city in Cairo Governorate, Egypt. Category:Populated places in Cairo Governorate	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Necessary Beggar The Necessary Beggar is an adult science fiction novel written by Susan Palwick. Published on October 1, 2005 by Tor Books, it is the author's second novel. The book received the Alex Award in 2006 and was nominated for the Mythopoeic Fantasy Award in 2007. Plot The Necessary Beggar tells the story of alleged murderer Darroti and his family after he is exiled from the city of Lémabantunk in Gandiffri, a paradisaical land built on the central idea of community. Murder is the sole unforgivable crime in this world, and as Darroti is accused of murdering a mendicant (a holy beggar), his crimes are considered particularly egregious. Darroti's family follows him through the glowing doorway that leads to the randomly selected realm of his exile. They emerge at the entrance of an American refugee camp. Unable to speak the language or explain their origins, the family is prohibited from being officially admitted into the country but impossible to deport. The situation is made worse by the heightened xenophobia present in this year 2022 version of America. Faced with the guilt of his family’s exile, Darroti commits suicide to relieve his loved ones of his burden. Rather than be reincarnated in a new form as he would have been in his homeland, he becomes a ghost. To his dismay, his death throws his father into depression and embitters his other family members. He attempts to provide explanation by entering his father’s dreams, but his communications are interpreted as nightmares. Lisa and Stan, camp volunteers and evangelists, help the family adapt to the new culture. Zamatryna, one of Darroti’s nieces, is the quickest to adapt thanks to her high intelligence. When a bomb planted by an anti-immigration group explodes in the camp, Lisa helps the family escape under the guise of death. She allows them to live in the home inherited from her mother with the loose promise of payback at a later date. Zamatryna continues to flourish in school, convinced that education is the only way to make her family’s life easier, while the adults acquire work. She meets a boy named Jerry who slowly convinces her to consider her own desires and open up to those who wish to know her. The final push is made by Darroti when he manipulates the dreams of the more susceptible Jerry. Through Jerry, the family discovers that Darroti didn't murder the mendicant; she was in fact his lover, and under the impression that Darroti had been unfaithful, killed herself. With the truth now known, Darroti’s spirit is returned to Lémabantunk. Zama and Jerry marry so that she may gain citizenship and sponsor her family. Characters Darroti - Timbor's youngest child. Restless and impulsive, he was never quite as comfortable with life in Lémabantunk as the other members of the family. His displeasure with his place in life was expressed by excessive spending and alcoholism. It is when he locks himself in a friend's apartment to detox for his lover that she misinterprets his act of love as infidelity. Zamatryna - Eroloit and Harani's daughter. She arrives in the United States as a child and is unable to recall much of Lémabantunk. In addition to being highly intelligent, she assimilates to the new culture with the most ease. This results in the burden of the family's future being placed on her shoulders. Zama also carries a beetle into the U.S. which continually traces an X, the symbol of silence in Lémabantunk, which causes her to hide its existence. This beetle is the "murdered" mendicant in her reincarnated form. Timbor - the family's patriarch and the father of Eroloit, Darroti, and Macsofo. Their mother, Frella, died before the events of the story took place. In his move from Lémabantunk to America, TImbor transitions from carpet merchant to taxi driver. He is the only character to form a bond with Stan. Macsofo - the family member who harbors the most resentment towards Darroti and the situation that his alleged crime has put them in. He becomes short-tempered and verbally abusive to the point that his wife leaves the family home and takes the children with her. Gallicina - the mendicant Darroti is accused of murdering. It is unusual that she decides to become a mendicant, because it's normally a rite of passage reserved for men. In addition to being part of a protected class as a mendicant, she comes from a prestigious family which makes for a large class discrepancy between her and Darroti. Lisa's - Stan's wife. Her main occupation is helping Stan to grow the congregation of the small church that he operates from home. She is respectful of the family's culture and makes no overt attempts at converting them to Christianity. She served time in prison long ago. Stan - the pastor of a small, struggling church. He makes a concentrated effort to convert the family and considers the expression of their religion to be blasphemous. His portrayal of Christianity frightens the family making his efforts unsuccessful. Reception Publishers Weekly called the novel "a sharp meditation on refugees and displaced persons and a tragicomedy of cultural differences." References Category:2005 science fiction novels Category:American science fiction novels	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mellana Mellana is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. References Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database Category:Hesperiidae Category:Hesperiidae genera	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Olev Vinn Olev Vinn (January 26, 1971) is Estonian paleobiologist and paleontologist. Vinn graduated from the biology class of Tallinn 3. Secondary School in 1989. He studied geology at the University of Tartu from 1989 to 1993. Vinn holds an M.Sc. degree in paleontology and stratigraphy from the University of Tartu in 1995 and a Ph.D. degree in geology from the same university in 2001. He is senior research fellow in paleontology at the University of Tartu since 2007. He has published more than 100 peer reviewed papers in international scientific journals. Taxonomic studies Vinn has described new genera and species of brachiopods, cornulitids, microconchids, serpulid polychaetes and trace fossils. He is a specialist of extinct tubicolous fossils. A microconchid species Microconchus vinni is named in honour of his taxonomic studies of tentaculitoid tubeworms. Biomineralization studies Vinn has described majority of annelid skeletal ultrastructures. Oriented tube structures are present in many serpulid species and cannot be explained by the standard carbonate slurry model. Vinn and his co-authors have hypothesized that oriented structures in serpulid tubes have been secreted in the same way as in mollusc shells, based on their ultrastructural similarity. Vinn and his co-authors proposed alternative ways to explain the calcified secretory granules described by Neff in the lumen of the calcium-secreting glands in serpulids. They proposed that worm actually produces calcium-saturated mucus in the glands. The mucus is then deposited on the tube aperture, where crystallization of the structure is controlled by an organic matrix, as in molluscs.The calcified granules in the glands may only be an artifact of fixation and formed after the death of the worm. Paleoecology studies Vinn has studied evolution of symbiosis in several groups of early invertebrates such as cornulitids, microconchids, bryozoans, brachiopods, crinoids, stromatoporoids, tabulates and rugosans. He has described serpulid faunas of Mesozoic to Recent hydrocarbon seeps. A Late Devonian coral species ?Michelinia vinni is named in honour of his contribution to knowledge of ecology of Palaeozoic bioconstructing organisms. A crinoid species name Hiiumaacrinus vinni recognizes his significant contributions to the Silurian paleontology of Estonia. Publications Some of Vinn's more important publications include: Vinn, O. and Mõtus, M.-A. 2012. Diverse early endobiotic coral symbiont assemblage from the Katian (Late Ordovician) of Baltica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 321–322, 137–141. References External links Estonian Science Portal ResearchGate Olev Vinn's publications Category:1971 births Category:Estonian paleontologists Category:Estonian geologists Category:Estonian biologists Category:People from Tallinn Category:University of Tartu alumni Category:Living people	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jianlin Cheng Jianlin Jack Cheng is the William and Nancy Thompson Missouri Distinguished Professor in the Computer Science Department at the University of Missouri, Columbia. He earned his PhD from the University of California-Irvine in 2006, his MS degree from Utah State University in 2001, and his BS degree from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 1994. His research interests include bioinformatics, machine learning and data mining. His current research is focused on protein structure and function prediction, 3D genome structure modeling, biological network construction, and deep learning with applications to big data in biomedical domains. Dr. Cheng has more than 100 publications in the field of bioinformatics, computational biology, data mining and machine learning, which have been cited thousands of times according to Google Scholar statistics. His protein structure prediction methods (MULTICOM) supported by National Institute of Health were consistently ranked among the top methods during the last several rounds of the community-wide Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP). Dr. Cheng was a recipient of 2012 NSF CAREER award for his work on 3D genome structure modeling. Bibliography (selected recent publications) 1. X. Deng, J. Cheng. Enhancing HMM-Based Protein Profile-Profile Alignment with Structural Features and Evolutionary Coupling Information. BMC Bioinformatics. 15:252, 2014. paper 2. T. Jo, J. Cheng. Improving Protein Fold Recognition by Random Forest. BMC Bioinformatics. 15(S11):S14, 2014. paper 3. R. Cao, Z. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Cheng. SMOQ: a tool for predicting the absolute residue-specific quality of a single protein model with support vector machines. BMC Bioinformatics, 15:120, 2014. paper 4. T. Trieu, J. Cheng. Large-scale reconstruction of 3D structures of human chromosomes from chromosomal contact data. Nucleic Acids Research. 42(7):e52, 2014. paper 5. L. Sun, A.F. Johnson, J. Li, A.S. Lambdin, J. Cheng, J.A. Birchler. Differential effect of aneuploidy on the X chromosome and genes with sex-biased expression in Drosophila. Proceeding of National Academy of Sciences (P.N.A.S), USA. 110(41):16514-9, 2013. paper 6. M. Zhu, J. Dahmen, G. Stacey, J. Cheng. Predicting gene regulatory networks of soybean nodulation from RNA-Seq transcriptome data. BMC Bioinformatics. 14:278, 2013. paper 7. J. Eickholt, J. Cheng. A Study and Extension of DNcon: a Method for Protein Residue-Residue Contact Prediction Using Deep Networks. BMC Bioinformatics. 14(Suppl 14):S12, 2013. paper 8. D. Bhattacharya, J. Cheng. i3Drefine Software for Protein 3D Structure Refinement and its Assessment in CASP10. PLoS ONE. 8(7):e69648, 2013. paper 9. J. Eickholt, J. Cheng. DNdisorder: Predicting Protein Disorder Using Boosting and Deep Networks. BMC Bioinformatics. 14:88, 2013. paper 10. J. Li, X. Deng, J. Eickholt, J. Cheng. Designing and Benchmarking the MULTICOM Protein Structure Prediction System. BMC Structural Biology. 13:2, 2013. paper 11. Z. Wang, R. Cao, K. Taylor, A. Briley, C. Caldwell, J. Cheng. The Properties of Genome Conformation and Spatial Gene Interaction and Regulation Networks of Normal and Malignant Human Cell Types. PLoS ONE. 8(3):e58793, 2013. paper 12. P. Radivojac, W. Clark, T.B. Oron, A.M. Schnoes, T. Wittkop, A. Sokolov, K. Graim, C. Funk, K. Verspoor, A. Ben-Hur, G. Pandey, J.M. Yunes, A.S. Talwakar, S. Repo, M.L. Souza, D. Piovesan, R. Casadio, Z. Wang, J. Cheng, H. Fang, J. Gough, P. Koskinen, P. Toronen, J. Nokso-Koivisto, L. Holm, D. Cozzetto, D.W. Buchan, K. Bryson, D.T. Jones, B. Limaye, H. Inamdar, A. Datta, S.K. Manjari, R. Joshi, M. Chitale, D. Kihara, A.M. Lisewski, S. Erdin, E. Venner, O. Lichtarge, R. Rentzsch, H. Yang, A.E. Romero, P. Bhat, A. Paccanaro, T. Hamp, R. Kassner, S. Seemayer, E. Vicedo, C. Schaefer, D. Achten, F. Auer, A. Bohm, T. Braun, M. Hecht, M. Heron, P. Honigschmid, T. Hopf, S. Kaufmann, M. Kiening, D. Krompass, C. Landerer, Y. Mahlich, M. Roos, J. Bjorne, T. Salakoski, A. Wong, H. Shatkay, M.N. Wass, M.J.E. Sternberg, N. Skunca, F. Supek, M. Bosnjak, P. Panov, S. Dzeroski, T. Smuc, Y.A.I. Kourmpetis, A.D.J. van Dijk, C.J.F. ter Braak, Y. Zhou, Q. Gong, X. Dong, W. Tian, M. Falda, P. Fontana, E. Lavezzo, B.D. Camillo, S. Toppo, L. Lan, N. Djuric, Y. Guo, S. Vucetic, A. Bairoch, M. Linial, P.C. Babbitt, S.E. Brenner, C. Orengo, B. Rost, S.D. Mooney, I. Friedberg. A Large-Scale Evaluation of Computational Protein Function Prediction. Nature Methods. 10(13):221-7, 2013. paper 13. D. Bhattacharya, J. Cheng. 3DRefine: Consistent Protein Structure Refinement by Optimizing Hydrogen Bonding Network and Atomic Level Energy Minimization. Proteins, 81(1):119-31, 2013. paper 14. J. Eickholt, J. Cheng. Predicting Protein Residue-Residue Contacts Using Deep Networks and Boosting. Bioinformatics. 28(23):3066-3072, 2012. paper 15. M. Zhu, X. Deng, T. Joshi, D. Xu, G. Stacey, J. Cheng. Reconstructing Differentially Co-expressed Gene Modules and Regulatory Networks of Soybean Cells. BMC Genomics, 13:434, 2012. paper 16. J. Cheng, J. Li, Z. Wang, J. Eickholt, X. Deng. The MULTICOM Toolbox for Protein Structure Prediction. BMC Bioinformatics, 13:65, 2012. paper External links Dr. Cheng's Laboratory homepage. Category:American computer scientists Category:Living people Category:American scientists of Chinese descent Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Conversations (Woman's Hour album) Conversations is the debut album by London-based group Woman's Hour. This album is mixture of indie pop, alternative and electronic pop. Adding swooning synths, clipped rhythms, and muted guitars, "Conversations" is new wave with a twist of some nocturnal R&B and soft disco. Track listing "Unbroken Sequence" (3:33) "Conversations" (3:20) "To the End" (4:27) "Darkest Place" (4:06) "In Stillness We Remain" (3:38) "Our Love Has No Rhythm" (4:27) "Her Ghost" (3:13) "Two Sides of You" (3:34) "Devotion" (4:23) "Reflections" (3:46) "The Day That Needs Defending" (3:32) References Category:2014 albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
9th Intelligence Squadron The United States Air Force's 9th Intelligence Squadron is an intelligence unit located at Beale Air Force Base, California. The 9th is associated with Lockheed U-2 and Distributed Common Ground System operations. The squadron was first active during World War II as the 9th Photographic Technical Unit, serving in the European Theater of Operations. The 9th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron was active from 1948 through 1950 and again from 1966 through 1991, primarily as the photographic interpretation unit of the 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing. It was consolidated with the 9th Photographic Technical Unit in 1985 and the 9th Intelligence Squadron in 2009. Mission The 9th operates and maintains the $15M Deployable Shelterized System-Film, the Department of Defense's only mobile film processing capability, as part of the Air Force Distributed Common Ground System architecture. The unit also processes, exploits, and disseminates broad area, high-resolution imagery collected by the Lockheed U-2 to meet combatant commander requirements. History World War II The squadron was first organized in France during the fall of 1944 as the 9th Photographic Laboratory Section. The section would provide processing of reconnaissance photography for XXIX Tactical Air Command (Provisional). It continued this mission through V-E Day. It briefly acted as part of the army of occupation, returning to the United States in November 1945, where it was inactivated at the Port of Embarkation. Strategic reconnaissance support The second predecessor of the squadron was activated in July 1948 as the 12th Photographic Technical Squadron at Topeka Air Force Base, Kansas, where it was assigned to the 311th Air Division, which was the primary reconnaissance headquarters for Strategic Air Command (SAC). In 1949, SAC reorganized its reconnaissance assets, assigning the squadron to the 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing and moving it to Fairfield-Suisun Air Force Base, California as the 9th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron. On 1 April 1950, however, the 9th Wing mission changed from long-range reconnaissance to strategic bombardment. Ten days later, the 9th Squadron moved to Rapid City Air Force Base, South Dakota, where it was assigned to the 28th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing. It was inactivated at the end of the month, with its assets forming the cadre for the 28th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron. The squadron was again organized in late June 1966, at Beale Air Force Base, California, where it absorbed the mission, personnel and equipment of the 4203d Reconnaissance Technical Squadron, which was discontinued the same day. The squadron processed reconnaissance products produced by the 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing's Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird and, later, Lockheed U-2 Dragon Ladys until inactivating in July 1991. Intelligence The 9th Intelligence Support Squadron was activated at Beale in September 1991, the same day its predecessor was inactivated, assuming much of its mission, equipment and personnel. The squadron dropped "support" from its name in 2003, and in July 2009, the two squadrons were consolidated. Lineage 9th Photographic Technical Unit Constituted as the 9th Photographic Laboratory Section on 25 August 1944 Activated on 5 September 1944 Redesignated 9th Photographic Technical Unit on 13 October 1944 Inactivated on 4 October 1945 Consolidated with the 9th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron as the 9th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron on 16 October 1984 9th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron Constituted as the 12th Photographic Technical Squadron on 29 June 1948 Activated on 19 July 1948 Redesignated 9th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron on 4 March 1949 Inactivated on 1 May 1950 Activated on 18 May 1966 (not organized) Organized on 25 June 1966 Consolidated with the 9th Photographic Technical Unit on 16 October 1984 Inactivated on 1 September 1991 Consolidated with the 9th Intelligence Squadron as the 9th Intelligence Squadron on 21 July 2009 9th Intelligence Squadron Constituted as the 9th Intelligence Support Squadron on 29 August 1991 Activated on 1 September 1991 Redesignated 9 Intelligence Squadron on 9 January 2003 Consolidated with the 9th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron on 21 July 2009 Assignments Ninth Air Force, 5 September 1944 (attached to XXIX Tactical Air Command (Provisional) after 5 November 1944) IX Fighter Command, 1 December 1944 (attached to XXIX Tactical Air Command (Provisional)) 363d Tactical Reconnaissance Group, 18 May 1945 XII Tactical Air Command, 5 August–4 Oct 1945 311th Air Division, 19 July 1948 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing (later 9 Bombardment Wing), 1 June 1949 28th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, 10 April–1 May 1950 Strategic Air Command, 18 May 1966 (not organized) 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, 25 June 1966 – 1 September 1991 9th Operations Group, 1 September 1991 548th Intelligence Group, 1 December 2003 – present Stations Chantilly, Oise, France, 5 September 1944 Le Culot Airfield (Y-10), France [sic], 1 December 1944 Belgium, 16 February 1945 Gutersloh-Marienfelde Airfield (Y-99), Germany, 16 April 1945 Wiesbaden-Erbenheim Airfield (Y-80), Germany, 31 May 1945 Eschwege Airfield (R-11), Germany, 31 July–26 September 1945 Boston Port of Embarkation, Massachusetts, 3-4 October 1945 Topeka Air Force Base, Kansas, 19 July 1948 Fairfield-Suisun Air Force Base, California, 1 June 1949 Rapid City Air Force Base, South Dakota, 10 April–1 May 1950 Beale Air Force Base, California, 25 June 1966 – 1 September 1991 Beale Air Force Base, California, 1 Sep 1991 – present References Notes Explanatory notes Citations Bibliography Cate gory:Military units and formations in California 0009	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Zimbabwe 'A' Level Top 100 Schools 2014 This is a list of the top 100 'A' level schools in Zimbabwe in 2014. References Category:Zimbabwe education-related lists Category:2014 in Zimbabwe	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2004 Tuvalu A-Division The 2004 season of the Tuvalu A-Division was the fourth season of association football competition. The title was won by Lakena United, their first title and the first time the league was won by a team other than FC Niutao. References Category:Tuvalu A-Division seasons Tuvalu football	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
News broadcasting News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting of various news events and other information via television, radio, or internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. It may also include additional material such as sports coverage weather forecasts, traffic reports, commentary, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. Television news Television news refers to disseminating current events via the medium of television. A "news bulletin" or a "newscast" are television programs lasting from seconds to hours that provide updates on international, national, regional, and/or local news events. There are numerous providers of broadcast news content such as BBC News, NBC News, CNN, Fox News Channel, and Al Jazeera, as well as numerous programs that regularly provide this content such as NBC Nightly News. In addition to general news outlets, there are specialized news outlets, for example about sports ESPNews, Fox Sports News, and Eurosport News, as well as finances, including CNBC, Bloomberg Television, and Fox Business Network. Television news is very visually-based, showing video footage of many of the events that are reported; still photography is also used in reporting news stories, although not as much in recent years as in the early days of broadcast television. Television channels may provide news bulletins as part of a regularly scheduled news program. Less often, television shows may be interrupted or replaced by breaking news reports ("news flashes") to provide news updates on events of great importance. Radio news Radio news is similar to television news, but is transmitted through the medium of the radio instead. It is based on the audio aspect rather than the visual aspect. Sound bites are captured through various reporters (generally through audio capture devices such as tape recorders) and played back through the radio. News updates occur more often on radio than on television – usually about once or twice an hour. Structure, content, and style Television Newscasts, also known as bulletins or news program(me)s, differ in content, tone, and presentation style depending on the format of the channel/station on which they appear, and their timeslot. In most parts of the world, national television networks will have bulletins featuring national and international news. The top-rated shows will often air in the evening during "prime time", but there are also morning newscasts of two to three hours in length. Rolling news channels broadcast news content 24 hours a day. The advent of the internet has allowed the regular 24-hour-a-day presentation of many video and audio news reports, which are updated when additional information becomes available; many television broadcasters provide content originally provided on-air as well as exclusive or supplementary news content on their websites. Local news may be presented by standalone local television stations, stations affiliated with national networks or by local studios which "opt-out" of national network programming at specified points. Different news programming may be aimed at different audiences, depending on age, socio-economic group, or those from particular sections of society. "Magazine-style" television shows (or newsmagazines) may mix news coverage with topical lifestyle issues, debates, or entertainment content. Public affairs programs provide analysis of and interviews about political, social, and economic issues. News programs feature one or two (sometimes, three) anchors (or presenters, the terminology varies depending on the world) segueing into news stories filed by a reporter (or correspondent) by describing the story to be shown; however, some stories within the broadcast are read by the presenter themselves; in the former case, the anchor "tosses" to the reporter to introduce the featured story; likewise, the reporter "tosses" back to the anchor once the taped report has concluded and the reporter provides additional information. Often in situations necessitating long-form reporting on a story (usually during breaking news situations), the reporter is interviewed by the anchor, known as a 'two-way', or a guest involved in or offering analysis on the story is interviewed by a reporter or anchor. There may also be breaking news stories which will present live rolling coverage. Television news organizations employ several anchors and reporters to provide reports (as many as ten anchors, and up to 20 reporters for local news operations or up to 30 for national news organizations). They may also employ specialty reporters that focus on reporting certain types of news content (such as traffic or entertainment), meteorologists or weather anchors (the latter term often refers to weather presenters that do not have degrees in meteorology earned at an educational institution) who provide weather forecasts – more common in local news and on network morning programs – and sports presenters that report on ongoing, concluded, or upcoming sporting events. Packages will usually be filmed at a relevant location and edited in an editing suite in a newsroom or a remote contribution edit suite in a location some distance from the newsroom. They may also be edited in mobile editing vans, or satellite vans or trucks (such as electronic news gathering vehicles), and transmitted back to the newsroom. Live coverage will be broadcast from a relevant location and sent back to the newsroom via fixed cable links, microwave radio, production truck, satellite truck, or via online streaming. Roles associated with television news include a technical director, floor director audio technician, and a television crew of operators running character graphics (CG), teleprompters, and professional video cameras. Most news shows are broadcast live. Radio Radio news broadcasts can range from as little as one minute to as much as the station's entire schedule, such as the case of all-news radio, or talk radio. Stations dedicated to news or talk content will often feature newscasts, or bulletins, usually at the top of the hour, usually between three and eight minutes in length. They can be a mix of local, regional, national, and international news, as well as sport, entertainment, weather, and traffic reports, or they may be incorporated into separate bulletins. There may also be shorter bulletins at the bottom of the hour, or three at 15-minute intervals, or two at 20-minute intervals. All-news radio stations exist in some countries (most commonly in North America), primarily located in major metropolitan areas such as Chicago, Los Angeles, New York City, and Toronto, which often broadcast local, national, and international news and feature stories on a set time schedule (sometimes known as a "wheel" format, which schedules the presentation of certain segments focused on a specific type of news content at a specific point each hour). News broadcasting by country Canada Terrestrial television Unlike in the United States, most Canadian television stations have license requirements (enforced by the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission) to offer locally produced newscasts (or any local programming, for that matter) in some form. Educational television stations are exempt from these requirements as are multicultural television stations, however some stations licensed as multicultural outlets do produce local newscasts in varied languages (such as the Omni Television station group). Canadian television stations normally broadcast newscasts between two and four times a day: usually at noon; 5:00, 5:30, and 6:00 p.m. in the evening, and 11:00 p.m. (there are some variations to this: stations affiliated with CTV usually air their late evening newscasts at 11:30 p.m., due to the scheduling of the network's national evening news program CTV National News at 11:00 p.m. in all time zones; most CBC Television-owned stations formerly carried a 10-minute newscast at 10:55 p.m., following The National, these were expanded to a half-hour and moved to 11:00 p.m. during the fall of 2012). Some stations carry morning newscasts (usually starting at 5:30 or 6:00 a.m., and ending at 9:00 a.m.). Unlike in the United States, primetime newscasts in the 10:00 p.m. timeslot are relatively uncommon (three Global owned-and-operated stations in Manitoba and Saskatchewan – CKND-DT, CFSK-DT, and CFRE-DT – and Victoria, British Columbia independent station CHEK-DT are the only television stations in the country carrying a primetime newscast); conversely, pre-5:00 a.m. local newscasts are also uncommon in Canada, Hamilton, Ontario independent station CHCH-DT, whose weekdaily programming consists largely of local news, is currently the only station in the country that starts its weekday morning newscasts before 5:30 a.m. (the station's morning news block begins at 4:00 a.m. on weekdays). Like with U.S. television, many stations use varied titles for their newscasts; this is particularly true with owned-and-operated stations of Global and City (Global's stations use titles based on daypart such as News Hour for the noon and early evening newscasts and News Final for 11:00 p.m. newscasts, while all six City-owned broadcast stations produce morning news/talk programs under the umbrella title Breakfast Television and its flagship station CITY-DT/Toronto's evening newscasts are titled CityNews). Overall umbrella titles for news programming use the titling schemes "(Network or system name) News" for network-owned stations or "(Callsign) News" for affiliates not directly owned by a network or television system (although the latter title scheme was used on some network-owned stations prior to the early 2000s). CBC Television, Global, and CTV each	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ballymena Ballymena (, ) is a town in County Antrim, and the eighth largest in Northern Ireland. It is part of the Borough of Mid and East Antrim. It had a population of 29,551 people at the 2011 Census. The town is built on land given to the Adair family by King Charles I in 1626, on the basis that the town holds two annual fairs and a free Saturday market in perpetuity. , the Saturday market still runs. It is a popular shopping hub within Northern Ireland and is home to Ballymena United F.C. Ballymena incorporates an area of and is home to large villages such as Cullybackey, Galgorm, Ahoghill and Broughshane. The town used to host Ireland's largest one-day agricultural show at the Ballymena Showgrounds. The town centre has many historic buildings. The Town Hall was built in 1924 on the site of the old Market House, and was refurbished in 2007 at a cost of roughly £20 million. History Early history The recorded history of the Ballymena area dates to the Early Christian period from the 5th to the 7th centuries. Ringforts are found in the townland of Ballykeel and a site known as Camphill Fort in the townland of Ballee may also have been of this type. There are a number of souterrain sites within a radius of the centre of Ballymena. north in the townland of Kirkinriola, the ancient parish church and graveyard possess several indicators of Early Christian settlement, including a souterrain. Also in 1868, a gravedigger found a large stone slab on which was carved a cross with the inscription ord do degen. This refers to Bishop Degen, who lived in Ireland during the 7th century. This stone is now in the porch of St. Patrick's Church of Ireland, at the end of Castle Street. At the end of the 5th century, a church was founded in Connor, south of Ballymena. This was followed by a monastery at Templemoyle, Kells. In 831, however, the Norse invaded the Ballymena area and burned the church. In the 12th century, the Normans conquered much of County Antrim and County Down after having taken over England the century before. They created the core of the Earldom of Ulster. During this campaign, they built great mounds of earth topped by wooden towers, referred to as mottes, as defensive structures. The Harryville (Ulster-Scots: Herrieville) area's motte-and-bailey is one of the best examples of this type of fortification in Northern Ireland. Some sources, however, credit the Uí Fhloinn with building the mid-Antrim mottes and baileys in imitation of the invaders; the Uí Fhloinn defeated and repelled the Earl of Ulster, John de Courcy, in 1177 and 1178. In 1315, Edward Bruce (brother of King Robert I of Scotland, known as "Robert Bruce") invaded Ireland. On 10 September 1315, at the Battle of Tawnybrack ( south of Ballymena at Kells), Edward conquered the army of Richard De Burgo, the Norman Earl of Ulster. Post-medieval In 1576, Queen Elizabeth I granted land, including the town of Ballymena, to Sir Thomas Smith. The lands had been forfeited to the crown after Shane O'Neill's resistance in the 1560s. Smith brought English settlers to the area, among the first pioneers in planting English and Scots settlers in Ireland. By 1581, Smith's settlement failed and the lands reverted to the crown. On 10 May 1607, King James I granted the native Irish chief, Ruairí Óg MacQuillan the Ballymena Estate. The estate passed through several owners, eventually passing into the possession of William Adair, a Scottish laird from Kinhilt in southwestern Scotland. The estate was temporarily renamed "Kinhilstown" after Adair's lands in Scotland. The original castle of Ballymena was built in the early 17th century, situated to take advantage of an ancient ford at the River Braid. In 1626 Charles I confirmed the grant of the Ballymena Estate to William Adair, giving him the right to hold a market at Ballymena on every Saturday. He hired local Irish as workers on the estate; they served as tenant farmers for much of the next two centuries and more. In 1641, the local Ballymena garrison were defeated by Irish rebels in the battle of Bundooragh. Ballymena's first market house (on the site of the present town hall) was built in 1684. In 1690, the Duke of Württemberg, a Williamite general, used Galgorm Castle as his headquarters. Sir Robert Adair raised a Regiment of Foot for King William III and fought at the Battle of the Boyne. By 1704, the population of Ballymena had reached 800. In 1707, the first Protestant (Church of Ireland) parish church was built. In 1740, the original Ballymena Castle burned down. The Gracehill Moravian settlement was founded in 1765. During the 1798 rebellion, Ballymena was occupied from 7 to 9 June by a force of around 10,000 United Irishmen. They stormed the Market House (now the Town Hall), killing three of its defenders. The first modern Roman Catholic Church in Ballymena was consecrated in 1827. By 1834 the population of Ballymena was about 4,000. In 1848 the Belfast and Ballymena Railway was established. In 1865 Robert Alexander Shafto Adair (late Baron Waveney) started building Ballymena Castle, a magnificent family residence, in the Demesne. The castle was not completed until 1887. In 1870 The People's Park was established. Twentieth century In 1900, Ballymena assumed urban status. Under the provisions of the Irish Land Act of 1903, the Adairs disposed of most of their Ballymena estate to the occupying tenants in 1904. The "old" town hall building, which also contained the post office and estate office, burned down in 1919. Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI) laid the cornerstone to the new town hall on 24 July 1924, and it was officially opened on 20 November 1928. The Urban District Council petitioned for borough status and the Charter was granted in December 1937. The first meeting of councillors as a borough Council was held on 23 May 1939. The population of Ballymena reached 13,000. Ballymena Castle was demolished in the 1950s. In 1973, the Urban and Rural District Councils were merged to create Ballymena Borough Council. Following local government reoganisation in 2015, the Borough Council was merged with the Boroughs of Carrickfergus Borough Council and Larne Borough Council. During the Second World War, Ballymena was home to a large number of evacuees from Gibraltar. They were housed with local families. In the 1950s St Patrick's Barracks in Ballymena was the Regimental Training Depot of the Royal Ulster Rifles (83rd & 86th). Many young men who had been conscripted on the United Kingdom mainland, along with others who had volunteered for service in the British Army, embarked upon their period of basic training in the Regimental Depot, prior to being posted to the regular regimental battalions. Many of these young men were to serve in Korea, Cyprus and with the British Army of the Rhine. In 1968 due to a series of government austerity measures, the remaining three Irish regiments, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers (27th) Royal Ulster Rifles (83rd & 86th) and the Royal Irish Fusiliers (89th) merged to become the Royal Irish Rangers. Early in the 1990s the Royal Irish Regiment, whose Regimental Headquarters was at St Patrick's Barracks, was granted the Freedom of the Borough. Like other towns in Northern Ireland, Ballymena was affected by the Troubles, a lengthy period of religious and partisan tensions and armed confrontations from the 1960s through 1998. A total of eleven people were killed in or near the town by the IRA and various loyalist groups. During the later half of the 20th century, Ballymena, like many other once prosperous industrial centres in Northern Ireland, experienced economic change and industrial restructuring; many of its former factories closed. Since the 2010s Ballymena has seen a decline in its retail and manufacturing sectors. Both Michelin and JTI have left the area. Local firm Wrightbus is also struggling citing a downturn in orders. It is hoped that the creation of a manufacturing hub at the former Michelin site will attract businesses to the area. In March 2000, the actor Liam Neeson, a native of Ballymena, was offered the freedom of the borough by the council, which approved the action by a 12–9 vote. The Democratic Unionist Party objected to the offer and drew attention to his comments from an interview in 1999 with an American political magazine, George. Neeson declined the award, citing tensions, and affirmed he was proud of his connection to the town. Ian Paisley was eventually made a freeman of Bally	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gustavo Cañete Gustavo Cañete (born April 4, 1977 in Salamanca, Spain) is a Paraguayan footballer currently playing for Espoli of the Serie A of Ecuador. Teams Cerro Porteño 1997-1998 América 1999 Atlante 1999-2000 Guaraní 2000-2001 Veracruz 2002 12 de Octubre 2003 Tigrillos 2003-2004 San Luis Potosí 2004-2005 3 de Febrero 2005-2006 Millonarios 2007 Deportivo Pereira 2007 Deportivo Azogues 2008 Espoli 2009–present External links Profile at BDFA Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:Paraguayan footballers Category:Paraguay under-20 international footballers Category:Paraguayan expatriate footballers Category:12 de Octubre footballers Category:Cerro Porteño players Category:Club Guaraní players Category:Club América footballers Category:Atlante F.C. footballers Category:C.D. Veracruz footballers Category:San Luis F.C. players Category:C.D. ESPOLI footballers Category:3 de Febrero players Category:Millonarios F.C. footballers Category:Deportivo Pereira footballers Category:Liga MX players Category:Categoría Primera A players Category:Expatriate footballers in Mexico Category:Expatriate footballers in Ecuador Category:Expatriate footballers in Colombia Category:Association footballers not categorized by position	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lille Egholm Lille Egholm is a small privately-owned Danish island in the South Funen Archipelago, lying 150 meters southeast of Store Egholm. Lille Egholm covers an area of 0.04 km². References Category:Danish islands in the Baltic Category:Islands of Denmark	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Stationers' Register The Stationers’ Register was a record book maintained by the Stationers' Company of London. The company is a trade guild given a royal charter in 1557 to regulate the various professions associated with the publishing industry, including printers, bookbinders, booksellers, and publishers in England. The Register itself allowed publishers to document their right to produce a particular printed work, and constituted an early form of copyright law. The Company's charter gave it the right to seize illicit editions and bar the publication of unlicensed books. For the study of English literature of the later sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries—for the Elizabethan era, the Jacobean era, the Caroline era, and especially for English Renaissance theatre—the Stationers' Register is a crucial and essential resource: it provides factual information and hard data that is available nowhere else. Together with the records of the Master of the Revels (which relate to dramatic performance rather than publication), the Stationers' Register supplies many of the certain facts scholars possess on the works of William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, and all of their immediate predecessors, contemporaries, and successors. By paying a fee of 4 to 6 pence, a bookseller could register his right to publish a given work. One example: the Stationers' Register reveals that on 26 November 1607, the stationers John Busby and Nathaniel Butter claimed the right to print "A booke called Master William Shakespeare his historye of Kinge Lear, as yt was played before the Kinges maiestie at Whitehall vppon Sainct Stephens night at Christmas Last, by his maiesties servantes playinge vsually at the Globe on the Banksyde." (They paid sixpence.) Enforcement of regulations in this historical era was never as thorough as in the modern world; books were sometimes published without registration, and other irregularities also occurred. In some cases, the companies of actors appear to have registered plays through co-operative stationers, with the express purpose of forestalling the publication of a play when publication was not in their interest. In 1710, the Copyright Act or Statute of Anne entered into force, superseding company provisions pertaining to the Register. The company continued to offer some form of registration of works until February 2000. References Sources Arber, Edward, ed. A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London 1554–1640 A.D. 5 Volumes, London, privately printed, 1875–94. Chambers, E. K. The Elizabethan Stage. 4 Volumes, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1923. Eyre, G. E. B., and G. R. Rivington, eds. A Transcript of the Registers of the Worshipful Company of Stationers from 1640–1708. 3 Volumes, London, privately printed, 1913–14. Greg, W. W., and E. Boswell, eds. Records of the Court of the Stationer's Company, 1576 to 1602. London, The Bibliographical Society, 1930. Halliday, F. E. A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964. Baltimore, Penguin, 1964. Jackson, William A., ed. Records of the Court of the Stationers' Company 1602 to 1640. London, The Bibliographical Society, 1957. External links The Stationers' Company Register (1556–1695) Official site of the Stationers' Company in its current incarnation 2011–2013 project led by Giles Bergel. Category:Bibliography Category:English Renaissance plays Category:Media in the United Kingdom	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Murder of Anni Dewani Anni Ninna Dewani (née Hindocha; 12 March 1982 – 13 November 2010) was a Swedish woman of Indian origin who was murdered while on her honeymoon in South Africa after the taxi in which she and her husband were travelling was hijacked. Arrests were made in the days following the crime; hijackers Mziwamadoda Qwabe and Xolile Mngeni, and hotel receptionist Monde Mbolombo admitted to their involvement in an unintentionally fatal robbery and kidnapping. Facing life in prison, Qwabe and Mbolombo later changed their stories to allege the crime had been a premeditated murder for hire at the behest of Anni's husband Shrien Dewani. Taxi driver Zola Tongo initially claimed to be an innocent victim of the incident but, faced with the weight of evidence implicating him in the crime and in the wake of his fellow conspirators' allegations of a "murder for hire" plot, he too changed his story to allege the husband was the instigator. Attractive plea bargains were offered to the conspirators in exchange for future testimony in legal proceedings related to the crime. The allegation of the husband's involvement made global headlines; Shrien Dewani's supporters emphatically denied the accusations, saying it was "ludicrous" to suggest he had solicited an attack on his wife from the first taxi driver he met within hours of their arrival in Cape Town. Zola Tongo pleaded guilty to murder in December 2010 and was sentenced to 18 years in prison. Mziwamadoda Qwabe pleaded guilty to murder in August 2012 and was sentenced to 25 years in prison. Xolile Mngeni was tried and convicted of murder in November 2012 and was sentenced to life in prison. Monde Mbolombo admitted his involvement but was offered immunity in exchange for testimony against the other men alleged to have been involved in the crime. South African prosecutors formulated charges against Shrien Dewani based on the later-discredited confessions of Tongo, Qwabe and Mbolombo, who were found to have committed perjury. Charges were brought on the basis Anni had been the victim of a premeditated kidnapping and murder for hire that was staged to appear as a random carjacking at the alleged behest of her husband. Following a long legal battle, Shrien was extradited from the UK to South Africa to face trial. He was exonerated by a Western Cape High Court, which in December 2014 ruled there was no credible evidence to support the allegations against him nor to support the allegation the crime was a premeditated murder for hire. Background Anni Dewani The Hindocha family was forced to leave Uganda in the early 1970s after the country's president Idi Amin expelled all Asians living there. They were granted residence in Sweden and settled in Mariestad, where their daughter Anni was born and raised. Marriage Anni Hindocha met Shrien Dewani in London in 2009; they maintained a long-distance relationship until Hindocha moved to the UK in March 2010, where they became engaged in May that year. The couple, whose relationship was sometimes troubled, married at Lake Powai near Mumbai, India, on 29 October 2010. They were planning to hold a civil ceremony in the UK in 2011 for friends who could not attend their wedding in India. Robbery, kidnapping and murder After landing at Cape Town International Airport on 7 November 2010, Dewani and her husband took a domestic flight and stayed at Kruger National Park for four nights. On 12 November, the couple returned to Cape Town International Airport, where they met and engaged taxi driver Zola Tongo to drive them to the five-star Cape Grace Hotel. On 13 November, having retained Tongo as a tour guide, the couple were driven through the city in his VW Sharan into Gugulethu. Tongo drove past a BBQ restaurant (Mzolis) and they continued to Surfside Restaurant in Strand, where the couple dined. After their meal, Tongo drove the Dewanis back into Gugulethu. Shortly after turning off the main road, two armed men hijacked the vehicle. After driving a short distance, Tongo was ejected from the taxi. Shrien Dewani was robbed of his money, wallet, designer watch and mobile telephone, and after being driven for about 20 minutes, he was also ejected from the vehicle. On the street, a bystander assisted him by calling the police. At 07:50 on 14 November, in Lingelethu West, Anni Dewani was found dead in the back of the VW Sharan taxi. She had suffered a single gunshot wound to her neck. Police later confirmed Anni's Giorgio Armani wristwatch, a white-gold and diamond bracelet, her handbag and her BlackBerry mobile telephone were missing, and assumed they were stolen. The items stolen in the robbery had an estimated value of R90,000. Post-mortem examination, repatriation and cremation Anni Dewani's body was taken to a Cape Town hospital. The post-mortem examination revealed bruising on her inner leg, indicating she had been involved in a struggle. It also indicated she had died from a single gunshot that passed through her hand and neck, severing an artery. There was no sign of sexual assault. On 17 November, Dewani's body was released by the South African authorities and returned to the United Kingdom on a British Airways flight, accompanied by her husband. Six months after her death, in a Hindu ceremony, her family scattered her ashes in her favourite area of the Vänern lake, close to her home town, Mariestad, Sweden. Investigation: sequence of arrests and confessions As a result of a palm print found on the abandoned taxi, Xolile Mngeni was arrested on Tuesday 16 November 2010. Mngeni made a videotaped confession in the presence of Captain Jonker of the South African Police Service, admitting involvement in a hijack, armed robbery and kidnapping operation. He described Shrien and Anni Dewani as victims and said Qwabe shot Anni Dewani during a struggle for her handbag. Mziwamadoda Qwabe was arrested at around 01:00 on Thursday 18 November 2010 as a result of a tip-off from a trusted township informant. After initial denials, Qwabe was allowed to consult with arrested co-conspirators Mbolombo and Mngeni, and subsequently admitted involvement in the hijack, armed robbery and kidnapping. He described Shrien and Anni Dewani as victims. He changed his story during an interview recorded at 17:21 that day, saying the incident was a murder planned at the behest of Shrien Dewani. Monde Mbolombo was arrested in the early hours of Thursday 18 November 2010 as a result of Qwabe providing his name to the police. After initially denying involvement, Mbolombo made a recorded confession at 16:30, admitting arranging a hijacking and armed robbery operation. The confession did not mention a planned murder or Shrien Dewani's involvement. The following day, Mbolombo changed his story, saying the operation was a planned murder at the behest of Shrien Dewani. Taxi driver Zola Tongo reported the hijacking to a police station in Gugulethu after he was ejected from the vehicle, and made a statement saying he was an unknowing victim. On 17 November, Tongo gave a statement to Officer Hendrikse of the SAPS, again saying he was an innocent victim. The following day, Tongo appointed attorney William De Grass, and on Saturday 20 November he surrendered to police and said the operation was a planned murder that was staged to appear as a random hijacking at the behest of Shrien Dewani. Media coverage In South Africa, there was much media coverage of the case following the discovery of the body. With an economy reliant on tourism, tour operators reported an immediate drop in bookings as potential visitors became aware of the country's murder rate; on average, 46 per day. There were also concerns the killing would negate the goodwill resulting from the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The assignment of the Police Hawks team, and the early arrests, conviction and statement implicating Shrien Dewani led to increased media coverage. BBC Panorama episode An episode of the BBC television documentary series Panorama in March 2012 reported that the original South African post-mortem report showed the bullet that killed Anni Dewani had passed through her left hand followed by her chest, and that the wound on her neck was an exit wound. The report said the bullet left "an irregular gunshot exit wound", which suggested there had been a struggle. A second Panorama programme broadcast in September 2013 revisited the case and highlighted numerous inconsistencies between the physical evidence, witness testimony, and the South African prosecutors' purported version of events. In particular it said the forensic evidence had not been collected properly and that it indicated an accidental shooting during a struggle rather than a deliberate killing. Trials, convictions and sentencing Plea bargains Mziwamadoda Qwabe and Zola Tongo were offered reduced sentences in exchange for guilty pleas and the promise of truthful testimony against Shrien Dewani and in other criminal proceedings related to the crime. These plea deals were granted in accordance with Section 105A of the Criminal Procedure Act. Monde Mbolombo was granted full immunity from prosecution in exchange for his promise of truthful testimony against Shrien Dewani and	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Buddleja alternifolia Buddleja alternifolia, known as alternate-leaved butterfly-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family, which is endemic to Gansu, China. A substantial deciduous shrub growing to tall and wide, it bears grey-green leaves and graceful pendent racemes of scented lilac flowers in summer. Description B. alternifolia is a vigorous deciduous shrub reaching tall with long, slender, pendulous stems. The leaves are alternate, entire, and lanceolate, 4–10 cm long by 0.6–1 cm wide, glabrous and dark green above. The inflorescences of the plants in cultivation are bright lilac-purple, and comprise flowers so densely crowded in clusters along the branch as to often obscure it. However, specimens from the Tsangpo valley in Tibet originally named B. tsetangensis by Marquand have creamy flowers. Flowering occurs in early summer; the flowers are fragrant, but less so than other buddlejas. 2n = 38. In its native territory it grows along river banks in thickets at elevations of . Taxonomy In his 1979 revision of the taxonomy of the African and Asiatic species of Buddleja, the Dutch botanist Anthonius Leeuwenberg sank two species, B. legendrei and B. tsetangensis, as B. alternifolia on the basis of the similarity in the individual flowers, dismissing the variations in plant structure, flower colour and leaf as attributable to environmental factors. It was Leeuwenberg's taxonomy which was adopted in the Flora of China published in 1996. Until DNA analysis can prove otherwise, it is this classification which is accepted here. Cultivation In the West this plant was first described and named by the Russian botanist Carl Maximowicz in 1880. It was not introduced to cultivation in the West until 1915, by Purdom and Farrer. The species has become very common in cultivation, a popular shrub for the larger garden, and is readily available from most garden centres in the UK. Fully hardy, it prefers a sunny position and loamy soil; pruning should immediately follow flowering. Like most buddlejas, the species is easily propagated from cuttings. Hardiness: RHS H5, USDA zones 7 – 9. B. alternifolia was accorded the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (record 674) in 1993. Cultivars Buddleja alternifolia ‘Argentea’. References Hillier & Sons. (1977). Hilliers' Manual of Trees and Shrubs. David & Charles, Newton Abbot, UK alternifolia Category:Flora of China	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Index Herbariorum The Index Herbariorum provides a global directory of herbaria and their associated staff. This searchable online index allows scientists rapid access to data related to 3,400 locations where a total of 350 million botanical specimens are permanently housed (singular, herbarium; plural, herbaria). The Index Herbariorum has its own staff and website. Overtime, six editions of the Index were published from 1952 to 1974. The Index became available on-line in 1997. The index was originally published by the International Association for Plant Taxonomy, which sponsored the first six editions (1952–1974); subsequently the New York Botanical Garden took over the responsibility for the index. The Index provides the supporting institution's name (often a university, botanical garden, or not-for-profit organization) its city and state, each herbarium's acronym, along with contact information for staff members along with their research specialties and the important holdings of each herbarium's collection. Editors 6th edition (1974) was co-edited by Patricia Kern Holmgren, Director of the New York Botanical Garden 7th printed edition, ed. by Patricia Kern Holmgren. 8th printed edition, ed. by Patricia Kern Holmgren. Online edition, prepared by Noel Holmgren of the New York Botanical Garden 2008+, ed. by Barbara M. Thiers, Director of the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium References Category:Directories Category:Herbaria	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Knox Cameron Knox Cameron (born September 17, 1983 in Kingston) is a Jamaican-born American soccer player who most recently played for AFC Ann Arbor in the National Premier Soccer League. Career College and Amateur Cameron grew up in New York City, attended Cardinal Spellman High School in The Bronx, and played college soccer at the University of Michigan, where he is second in the school's all-time record for goals (28) and points (72), and was named Big Ten Player of the Year his junior year. Playing in the indoor and rec league's while in Michigan, Cameron excelled in the bare-foot method of playing soccer, and once scored 14 goals in an indoor soccer game while playing with no shoes on. During his college years Cameron also played in the USL Premier Development League for the Brooklyn Knights and the Michigan Bucks. Knox also played for Pasco Soccer Club from Wayne, NJ during his high school years. He helped the team win countless tournaments and was one of a handful of players from the club to move on to play professional soccer. Professional Cameron suffered a serious knee injury while playing for the Michigan Bucks, and subsequently missed much of his senior year at Michigan. As a result of this, and doubts over his signability, Cameron slipped to the fourth round of the 2005 MLS SuperDraft, where he was drafted by Columbus Crew. He went on to play 30 games and score 4 goals for the team over the next two years, but following the 2006 season, he was waived by the team. During his time with the Crew he played a friendly against English side Everton and thanked them on the scoreboard for coming to Columbus so he could beat them. Following his release by Crew, Cameron played for amateur team Canton Celtic, which plays in Michigan's MUSL Men's Open 1st Division. Celtic won the Michigan section of the USASA National Amateur Cup Championship, and represented the state at the 2008 USASA Regional tournament in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Cameron returned to play for the Michigan Bucks in the USL Premier Development League in 2009, and then signed with Detroit City FC in 2012. He made his DCFC debut against the Erie Admirals on May 26, 2012, scoring the first goal in a 3-0 victory. He continued to play for DCFC in 2013, and scored two goals in their opener and another in the home opener. Cameron scored again in DCFC's 2-0 over Zanseville AFC, giving him 4 goals on the season. Post-Professional Cameron now is a co-owner and player for AFC Ann Arbor in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Cameron also helps with a youth soccer club called Saline FC. International Cameron elected to represent the United States internationally, and played for various youth national teams, being brought to UAE in 2003 for FIFA World Youth Championship. References External links Columbus Crew player profile Michigan bio Category:1983 births Category:Living people Category:AFC Ann Arbor players Category:African-American soccer players Category:American soccer players Category:Association football forwards Category:Brooklyn Knights players Category:Columbus Crew SC draft picks Category:Columbus Crew SC players Category:Jamaican emigrants to the United States Category:Major League Soccer players Category:Flint City Bucks players Category:Michigan Wolverines men's soccer players Category:National Premier Soccer League players Category:Soccer players from New York (state) Category:Sportspeople from the Bronx Category:Sportspeople from Kingston, Jamaica Category:United States men's under-20 international soccer players Category:USL League Two players Category:Cardinal Spellman High School (New York City) alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sarasota Reds The Sarasota Reds were a professional minor league baseball team, located in Sarasota, Florida, as a member of the Florida State League. However team originally started play in Sarasota as the Sarasota White Sox in 1989. They remained in the city for the next 21 seasons, going through a series of name changes due to their affiliation changes. They were known as the White Sox from 1989–1993, as the Sarasota Red Sox from 1994–2004, and the Reds from 2004–2009. In Sarasota, the team played in Payne Park (1989) and then Ed Smith Stadium (1990–2009). They won two division championships, in 1989 and 1992, and made playoff appearances in 1989, 1991, 1992, 1994, and 2007. However the roots of the Reds can be traced back, even further, to the Tampa Tarpons. In the 1980s rumors arose that a major league team would come to Tampa, which would threaten the viability of the Tarpons and other minor league teams in the Tampa Bay Area. In 1988 the Chicago White Sox replaced Cincinnati as the Tarpons' affiliate, launching murmurs that the White Sox would themselves relocate to the area. Fearing his team would soon be displaced, in 1989 Tarpons owner Mitchell Mick sold his franchise to the White Sox, who moved it to Sarasota, Florida as the Sarasota White Sox. The team's Sarasota era produced many notable player who would go on to play in majors. Bo Jackson, Mike LaValliere, Dave Stieb, Hall of Famer Frank Thomas and Bob Wickman all played for the Sarasota White Sox. Meanwhile, Stan Belinda, David Eckstein, Nomar Garciaparra, Byung-hyun Kim, Jeff Suppan, Dustin Pedroia, Jonathan Papelbon, and Kevin Youkilis were alumni of the Sarasota Red Sox. The Sarasota Reds also produced many notable major league players such as Jay Bruce, Johnny Cueto, Joey Votto, Chris Heisey, and Drew Stubbs. After the Reds' spring-training departure from Florida's Grapefruit League to Arizona's Cactus League in 2009, the Reds and Pittsburgh Pirates did an "affiliate-swap". The Pirates took over the Sarasota Reds, while the Reds became the parent club of the Pirates' former Class A-Advanced affiliate, the Lynchburg Hillcats of the Carolina League. The Pittsburgh Pirates have had their spring training facilities based in Bradenton, Florida since in 1969, when the city met with Pirates' general manager Joe Brown and owner John W. Galbreath and both sides agreed to a lease of 40 years, with an option for another 40 years. On November 10, 2009, baseball officials voted to allow the Pirates to purchase and uproot the Sarasota Reds. The Pirates moved the team to Bradenton, where they were renamed the Bradenton Marauders. The Marauders became the first Florida State League team located in Bradenton since the Bradenton Growers folded in 1926. Logos and uniforms The Sarasota teams' names, logos and team colors were all closely associated with each's parent club. For example, the logos for Sarasota White Sox, Red Sox and Reds were just slightly altered versions of the parent club logos. However, there were attempts to allow some of these teams to find their own unique identities. In 2000, the Sarasota Red Sox introduced their mascot Gordy the Gecko. The Red Sox front office felt that since the team was based in Florida, its mascot should be reflective to the area. Soon Gordy found his way on to the team's caps as an alternate logo. Season-by-season record Notable alumni Former White Sox players Former Red Sox players Former Reds players References Category:Baseball teams established in 1989 Category:Defunct Florida State League teams Category:Sports in Sarasota County, Florida Category:Boston Red Sox minor league affiliates Category:Chicago White Sox minor league affiliates Category:Cincinnati Reds minor league affiliates Category:Defunct baseball teams in Florida Category:1989 establishments in Florida Category:2009 disestablishments in Florida Category:Baseball teams disestablished in 2009	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Fray Mocho (magazine) Fray Mocho was an Argentine weekly magazine that published general interest topics. Its first number was published on May 3, 1912, with historian and journalist Carlos Correa Luna being its first director. Fray Mocho'''s staff included former collaborators of Caras y Caretas who had left the magazine in disagreement with its editorial line. The magazine was named after José Sixto Álvarez (1858–1903), writer and journalist who was notable for his humorous texts, apart of having been the founder of Caras y Caretas. Fray Mocho published 196 issues until its closure in 1929. History The magazine was founded with the purpose of continuing the editorial line of Caras y Caretas that had significantly changed since the death of Sixto Alvarez in 1903. Some of Fray Mocho founders and main collaborators were Carlos Correa Luna, Spanish illustrator José María Cao, writer Luis Pardo (under the seudonym "Luis García"), Félix Lima, painter Juan Peláez, Czech cartoonist José Friedriech,La Revista Fray Mocho y un tango dedicado by León Benarós on Todo Tango website and artist Juan Hohmann.Fray Mocho was an alternative to general-interest magazines such as Caras y Caretas or PBT, with an average of 80,000 copies printed. In 1922 the magazine added more articles about classical culture and art, ceasing the use of illustrations on its covers and adding more photographs and paintings until 1929 when it ceased to be published. The magazine covered a wide range of topics, some of its permanent sections were theatre activities, provinces, women, Montevideo, readers' letters, children's literature, horse racing, other countries' traditions and costumes, and everyday life, among others. Visual styleFray Mocho's visual aesthetic had influences of the romanticism and art nouveau styles at its first steps, then changing to art deco. The rise of art nouveau in Argentina in the 1900s influenced not only magazines' visual styles but facades of private houses, and was quickly adopted by the middle class. That aesthetic renovation was also visible on typography, illustration and design of Fray Mocho, as well as advertisement, facades of public buildings and even clothing in the Argentine society of that age. See also Caras y Caretas'' Notes References Category:Argentine satirical magazines Category:Magazines established in 1912 Category:Magazines disestablished in 1929 Category:Media in Buenos Aires Category:Argentine political magazines Category:Argentine political satire Category:Spanish-language magazines Category:Weekly magazines	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Scars of Love Scars of Love is a 1918 Australian silent film. It is a lost film about which little is known except it is a melodrama featuring a Red Cross nurse and an Anzac soldier which climaxes in the European battlefields of World War I in which both leads die. It deals with the sins of the father visiting the children. Production The film was most likely made by wealthy amateur enthusiasts. It was shot in Melbourne. It was re-released in 1919 as Should Children Suffer. References External links Scars of Love at National Film and Sound Archive Category:Australian films Category:1918 films Category:Australian drama films Category:Australian black-and-white films Category:Australian silent feature films Category:Lost Australian films Category:1910s drama films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Penicillium atrovenetum Penicillium atrovenetum is a fungus species of the genus of Penicillium. Further reading H. Raistrick, A. Stössl: Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms. 104. Metabolites of Penicillium atrovenetum G. Smith: β-nitropropionic acid, a major metabolite* See also List of Penicillium species References atrovenetum Category:Fungi described in 1956	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
St Andrew's Church, Redbourne St Andrew's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the village of Redbourne, Lincolnshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. The church stands in the centre of the village, which is to the east of the A15 road, and some south of Brigg. History The church dates from the 14th–15th century. Rebuilding took place in the later part of the 18th century; this included new north and south chapels in the 1770s by William and Thomas Lumby of Lincoln. The plaster ceilings date from 1775–77, and the top two stages were added to the tower in 1785. A new west door, partial rebuilding of the aisles, the chancel, and the clerestory, probably also date from this period. The south chapel was rebuilt in early 19th century as a mausoleum for the Dukes of St Albans. The church was restored in 1888 by the local architect W. W. Goodhand. The restorations included removing the gallery, reordering the seating, and the addition of a new south porch. The church was declared redundant in May 1978. A vestry door was inserted and east side windows were removed in about 1985. Architecture Exterior St Andrew's is constructed in limestone with some rendering. The nave, aisles and clerestory have lead roofs; the mausoleum, vestry and porch are slated. Its plan consists of a three-bay nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, a south porch, a single-bay chancel with a vestry and organ chamber to the north, and the mausoleum to the south, and a west tower. The tower has a rectangular staircase projection to the southeast. It is in four stages, divided by string courses, on a moulded plinth. In the bottom stage on the west side is a blocked doorway, an arched three-light window, and a square-headed two-light window. On the north and south sides are lighting slits. In the staircase turret are three slits, and a sundial. The second stage contains two-light windows, and in the third stage is a clock face on the west side. In the top stage are two-light bell openings, and the parapet is embattled. The aisles have pointed two-light windows and along the clerestory are square-headed two-light windows. In the south aisle there is a blocked doorway to the west, a blocked lancet window to the east, blocked circular windows to the east and west, and a blocked pointed south window. A carved stone dating from the 10th–11th century has been re-set in the west wall. The chancel has an east window. In the vestry are two two-light windows, and the mausoleum has a south door. All the parapets are embattled, some with crocketted pinnacles. Interior The arcades are carried on octagonal piers. The ceilings are plastered, the nave ceiling being decorated with foliate bosses. The floors are flagged. The baluster-shaped font was made in 1775 by Richard Hayward. The east window contains painted glass by William Collins dating from about 1840. This is a copy of The Opening of the Sixth Seal (part of the Last Judgment) by Francis Danby. Also by Collins are twelve stained glass windows depicting the Apostles. The organ is no longer present. There is a ring of six bells. Five of these were cast in 1774 by Henry Harrison II, and the undated sixth bell is by James Harrison III. Memorials In the north wall of the chancel is a niche containing a black marble graveslab depicting a knight and angels, and is dated 1410. On the south side of the chancel are marble wall tablets to members of the Carter family with dates in the 18th century, and to the 8th Duke of St Albans, who died in 1825, and his wife. On the north side of the chancel is a memorial to the 9th Duke of St Albans who died in 1851 by J. G. Lough, and to his wife, Harriet, who died in 1837, by Chantrey, and a memorial to Charlotte, Lady Beauclerk, dating from about 1825. In the mausoleum are two tiers of tombs of the St Albans family. External features In the churchyard is a gravestone dated 1737 to Rev Josias Morgan, vicar of the parish, It is listed at Grade II. There are also the war graves of a soldier of World War I, and another of World War II. See also List of churches preserved by the Churches Conservation Trust in the East of England References Category:Grade I listed churches in Lincolnshire Category:Church of England church buildings in Lincolnshire Category:English Gothic architecture in Lincolnshire Category:Churches preserved by the Churches Conservation Trust	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Waßmannsdorf Waßmannsdorf is a village and a civil parish (Ortsteil) of the German town of Schönefeld, located in the district of Dahme-Spreewald in Brandenburg. As of 2007 its population was of around 1,000. History First mentioned in 1350 as Wasmanstorp, the village was an autonomous municipality until 2003, when it merged into Schönefeld. From 1961 to 1989 its municipal borders with West Berlin were crossed by the Berlin Wall. Geography Waßmannsdorf is located in the southeastern suburb of Berlin, near the districts of Tempelhof-Schöneberg, Neukölln and Treptow-Köpenick; and bordering with the quarter of Rudow. The nearest places are Großziethen, Selchow, Schönefeld and Blankenfelde-Mahlow. The village is 20 km far from Königs Wusterhausen, 28 from Ludwigsfelde and 34 from Potsdam. Transport Waßmannsdorf is situated close to the runway of Berlin Schönefeld Airport, that will be merged into the new Berlin Brandenburg Airport in 2017. Crossed by the Berlin outer ring, it will be served by a new railway station on the S-Bahn extension to the new airport (lines S45 and S9). The village is also interested by the Expressway Potsdam-Schönefeld projects. Gallery References External links Waßmannsdorf page on Schönefeld municipal website Waßmannsdorf Fire Service SV Waßmannsdorf football club Category:Villages in Brandenburg Category:Localities in Dahme-Spreewald Category:Bezirk Potsdam Category:Former municipalities in Brandenburg Category:Populated places established in the 1350s	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Starch analysis Starch analysis or starch grain analysis is a technique that is useful in archaeological research to determine plant taxa. In certain samples of food plants, spices, drugs and desiccated archaeological plant matter, the histological elements can survive and thus be identified but in other samples, like carbonized (burnt) or older materials this is extremely difficult. However starch grains are much more hardy. The technique relies on the fact that a researcher can analyze or microscopically observe starch grains found on artifacts or in soils. Starch grains, ubiquitous in plants, have individual characteristics and resistance to grinding and drying and even to light burning so they are often preserved when other plant remains are lost - thus providing an additional tool to understand the past use of plants. Usefulness Starch grain analysis is not a perfect science, however, plant starch grain analysis is a diagnostic feature of multiple applications according to the peculiarities and to the origin of the plant material. The size, shape and structure of grains from plant species, varies little, which can lead to identification. Starch grains have been removed and identified from stone tools, ceramic sherds, organic materials, dental calculus, and sediments and animal remains to determine diet and when humans began to exploit wild food varieties. Disadvantages In some cases the grains can become degraded. Factors such as heat and water absorption may affect the structure of the grains, making identification more difficult. Even if the remains are well preserved, water logging, dehydration, desiccation or damage from fungi can destroy the starch. In some cases, even within the same species, starch grains can differ in shape and size and the size of the grain affects its survivability in the archaeological record. Biology of starch Starch is produced in plants as a form of energy storage through the process of photosynthesis. When the plant is in need of energy, the stored starch is converted back into glucose. Starch grain identification There are two basic methods for identifying starch: Diagnostic tests of chemical and physical properties Optical properties of the granules. Starch grains are typically microscopically identified with either optical or electron microscopy. Starch grains can become clearer if they are stained a darker color with Iodine Stains. Logol's Iodine is one, used for staining starch because iodine reagents easily bind to starch but less easily to other materials. Features that allow identification of starch grains include: presence of hilum (core of the grain), lamellae (or growth layers), birefringence, and extinction cross (a cross shape, visible on grains under revolving polarized light) which are visible with a microscope and shape and size. Low magnification Archaeological research focused on residue adhering to artifacts start at lower magnifications, commonly using a stereoscope. Most data obtained at this stage is qualitative, an important first stage to fuller analysis. Magnifications of between x10 and x50 are sufficient to locate target residues, describe features and confirm internal structures of the identified residues. High magnification Modern light, high powered microscopes have an internal light source, allowing illumination with both transmitted and reflected light. These microscopes can provide a magnification of up to x1000: good enough to provide clear images of starch granules as small as a few micrometres in diameter. Starch granules show different sizes. For example; Tapioca starch: 5-35 µm Potato starch: 15-100 µm Maize starch: 5-25 µm Rice starch: 3-8 µm but all are generally under 100 micrometres in size, and are, therefore, best observed under compound microscopes equipped with various lighting conditions and magnifications from x200 to x800. The starch grains are also compared to standard reference collections for comparison. Archaeologists and researchers can consider four issues in classification of the plant(s) and its use(s): Determination of whether evidence for the utilization of plants is present Study of the assemblage variation Determination of the presence of particular plant species Assign percentages of starch granules within a sample to a particular taxon, and present quantitative data regarding relative abundance within the sample. Identification of ancient starch is fairly easily for the first three levels of classification, whilst the fourth level requires continued improvement in the description, classification, and identification of individual starch granules. Starch in sediments Starch granules retrieved from sediments are used to reconstruct the habitats associated with human land use. Such studies address two areas of interest to the archaeologist: landscapes; specifically the reconstruction of historical plant communities at the widest scale of the environment specific contexts, such as settlements or activity areas; focusing on individual archaeological sites, or separate contexts within them, with the goal of identify specific human activities at a particular location. The stages involved in the analysis of starch from sediments are; sampling, extraction of starch, slide mounting and viewing, and interpretation. Sampling Sampling a sediment core or stratigraphic profile to gather information about an environment requires a detailed understanding of the way the sediments were formed. Extraction Most extraction techniques follow a general methodology of: sample preparation (sieving, drying, or soaking) disaggregation and deflocculation to break up the elements of the sample into single particles removal of undesired particles (sands, silts, minerals, organics). chemicals preservation of the starch granules. Slide mounting and viewing Starch granules are mounted onto a slide, using a variety of mounting medias including, but not limited, to water, glycerol, and glycerine jelly. It is important that the material is dried thoroughly before being mounted to ensure that no further degradation of the sample occurs. The slide is then viewed, as appropriate, for identification and counting. Interpretation After the starch granules have been examined, the findings are then recorded and interpreted with respect to the research questions that are being investigated. Starch on artifacts Artifacts collect starch granules and protect them from decay due to microorganisms, thus providing excellent conditions for long-term preservation. The analysis may focus on the function of the tool, to examine a broader range of human behaviour but starch analysis also allows insights into craft activities involving the preparation of adhesives, medicines, or other nonfood items. Modified starch Starch can also be investigated when it is not in its raw form. For example, Modified starch is created when the morphological or physico-chemical structure of native starch is disrupted in some way, such as in food preparation. The most common way to modify starch is to apply heat. Cooking pits, hearths, and ovens that may have come into contact with starchy material yield modified starches which can provide other insights. Modified starch is only likely to be preserved under specific conditions, such as arid regions because of its susceptibility to organic decay. Studies of ancient modified starch aid understanding of ancient food technology, variations in cuisine among different social groups, as well as provide an understanding the function of ancient food-processing equipment. Preserved forms of modified starch include: Discrete desiccated macroremains: coherent foods that are not attached to any other object and are among the most easily recognizable ancient starchy prepared foodstuffs. They can be either the intended final prepared food, like loaves of bread, or intermediate products of the food processing sequence, like starch-rich, chaffy lumps. Attached desiccated residues: collections of starchy foodstuffs adhered to a container or vessel. The ability to identify these residues is affected by the quantity and appearance of the residue, as well as the awareness of the excavators. Residues containing obvious plant tissue are most easily recognizable, while thin smears are not as easy to recognize. Charred residues: normally the result of accidental overcooking and can be preserved as discrete fragments or remain stuck to the cooking vessel. Due to their charred nature, these residues are very difficult to identify. See also Starch References Bibliography Hather, J.G. (ed.) 1994. Tropical Archaeobotany: Applications and New Developments, pp. 86-114. Routledge, London. Messner, Timothy C. 2011. Acorns and Bitter Roots: Starch Grain Research in the Prehistoric Eastern Woodlands. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, AL. Category:Methods in archaeology Category:Starch	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Share Bazaar (film) Share Bazaar is a 1997 Bollywood film, directed by Manmohan and released in 1997. Synopsis In Bombay's business district, on Dalal Street, stands a multi-storied building called the "Bombay Stock Exchange" or the Share Bazaar. This is where fortunes are made and lost. Two of such traders in shares are the Mehta brothers, Hasmukh and Mansukh. They also manipulate people's lives, and this time they have chosen to financially ruin Shekar, by getting him arrested on trumped-up charges. And on the other hand, they have singled out a street-smart young man by the Raj, and get him to take Shekar's place. Will Raj be the next casualty of the influential Mehta brothers? Cast Soundtrack The Music Was Composed By Utpal Biswas and Released by Sony Music India. External links Category:1997 films Category:1990s Hindi-language films Category:Indian films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Macrocnemum jamaicense Macrocnemum jamaicense is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica. Sources Category:Flora of Jamaica Category:Macrocnemum Category:Near threatened plants Category:Endemic flora of Jamaica Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Canton of Saint-Affrique The canton of Saint-Affrique is an administrative division of the Aveyron department, southern France. Its borders were not modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Saint-Affrique. It consists of the following communes: La Bastide-Pradines Calmels-et-le-Viala Roquefort-sur-Soulzon Saint-Affrique Saint-Félix-de-Sorgues Saint-Izaire Saint-Jean-d'Alcapiès Saint-Rome-de-Cernon Tournemire Vabres-l'Abbaye Versols-et-Lapeyre References Category:Cantons of Aveyron	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Finger Point (Victoria Land) Finger Point () is a narrow rocky point forming the eastern extremity of The Flatiron, in Granite Harbour, Victoria Land. It was mapped and descriptively named by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, under Robert Falcon Scott. References Category:Headlands of Victoria Land Category:Scott Coast	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sardar Kamal Khan Sardar Kamal Khan Chang (; born 12 March 1972) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, from June 2013 to May 2018. Early life He was born on 12 March 1972. Political career He served as district nazim of Badin. He was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) from Constituency NA-224 (Badin-cum-Tando Muhammad Khan-I) in 2013 Pakistani general election. He received 128,723 votes and defeated Ali Asghar Halepoto, a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (F) (PML-F). References Category:Living people Category:Pakistan Peoples Party politicians Category:Sindhi people Category:Pakistani MNAs 2013–2018 Category:People from Sindh Category:1972 births	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Dark at the Top of the Stairs (film) The Dark at the Top of the Stairs is a 1960 American drama film. Academy Award winner Delbert Mann directed the work of Robert Preston and Dorothy McGuire in the production. Shirley Knight garnered an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress, and Lee Kinsolving was nominated for a Golden Globe Award as Best Supporting Actor. Knight was also nominated for two Golden Globes. Mann's direction was nominated for a Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing in a Feature Film. It was based on the Tony Award-nominated play of the same name by William Inge. Plot During Prohibition in Oklahoma, Rubin Flood is a successful harness and saddle salesman. However, with the advent of the automobile, his job is becoming more difficult. He is married to Cora, someone he considers a demanding wife and over-protective mother. When he learns his company is closing, he is unable to face his wife, and stops at a pharmacy to partake of "medicinal" alcohol. Cora is out with her daughter Reenie, buying a dress for a birthday party of one of her classmates. Rubin cannot bring himself to tell Cora he has lost his job, arguing about how much Cora has spent on Reenie's dress, with Cora's lamenting that she always has to watch every penny. The couple's younger son Sonny is being bullied at school. Sonny has a fear of the dark. Determined to get him to stand up for himself, Rubin attempts to teach him to box. While sparring, he inadvertently strikes the boy too hard. Cora, now incensed, tears into Rubin, eventually accusing him of having an affair with Mavis Pruitt, a local widow. A livid Rubin slaps Cora, then storms out of the house. Reenie witnesses her parents' dispute. She runs into the street, causing a motorist to swerve and strike a tree. The driver, Sammy Golden, is relatively unhurt, and he and Reenie become attracted to one another. Cora calls her older sister Lottie to tell her that Rubin hit her. Rubin, still slightly intoxicated, shows up at Mavis' beauty salon, which also is where she lives. He is seen going in by two town gossips. Rubin tells her Cora has ignored him for years, and while he has remained faithful, he desires Mavis. When she doesn't accept his halfhearted advances, Rubin falls asleep on her parlor sofa. Days later, Lottie and her husband are there for dinner. Cora asks Lottie if she and the kids can come stay with her. Just as she asks, Rubin returns home to apologize. The two gossips call Cora to tell her, which re-ignites the argument. He accuses Cora of rejecting him sexually, and she argues that she can't be in the mood when she spends her days worrying about money. Reenie's friend Flirt and her boyfriend arrive, with a date for Reenie, Sammy. Lottie's bigotry is revealed when she suggests that Cora and Rubin might not want to allow Reenie to accompany a Jew to the party. Sammy and Reenie kiss at the party, but Harry Ralston and his wife walk in on them, berating her for bringing a Jew to the country club, where they are not allowed. Embarrassed, Sammy and Reenie leave. Sammy bemoans the bigotry in the world, and drops Reenie at home, where she finds Rubin on the sofa. He confesses that he has lost his job and doesn't know how to tell Cora. The following morning, they learn Sammy has attempted suicide. Reenie rushes to the hospital, telling him that she doesn't care what people think. Cora promises Sonny to stop being so over-protective so he can grow into a responsible adult, then receives a call letting her know that Sammy has died. Cora heads over to Mavis's salon. She pretends to be a customer, before revealing she is Rubin's wife. Mavis confesses that she has been in love with Rubin for years, but that Rubin has always been faithful to Cora. She also reveals that Rubin has lost his job. Rubin has found a new job as a salesman at an oil drilling equipment company. He returns home to find Cora waiting for him. She has sent Reenie to Lottie's for a few days to help her come to grips with Sammy's death. Cora and Rubin declare their love for one another and a commitment to paying more attention to each other's needs. As they embrace, Sonny returns home with a friend, one of his former tormentors from school. Rubin pays for the two boys to go see a movie, After they leave, he follows his wife up to the bedroom. Cast Robert Preston as Rubin Flood Dorothy McGuire as Cora Flood Eve Arden as Lottie Lacey Angela Lansbury as Mavis Pruitt Shirley Knight as Reenie Flood Lee Kinsolving as Sammy Golden Frank Overton as Morris Lacey Robert Eyer as Sonny Flood Penney Parker as Flirt Conroy Ken Lynch as Harry Ralston Paul Birch as Jonah Mills (uncredited) Peg LaCentra as Edna Harper (uncredited) Nelson Leigh as Ed Peabody (uncredited) Charles Seel as Percy Weems (uncredited) Mary Patton as Mrs Ralston (uncredited) Production Warner Brothers announced in January 1960 that it would be producing a film version of Inge's play, directed by Delbert Mann, and starring Robert Preston and Dorothy McGuire. During rehearsals for the production, Mann used the same process he had used since his first film, Marty, in 1955. First, the cast read through the entire script, then they rehearsed the entire screenplay on set prior to the commencement of filming. The film went into production in late January. By the beginning of March an actor's strike was looming, scheduled for March 7. Warner Brothers began going to seven days a week production schedules, in order to complete filming before the strike. In mid-July, it was announced that The Dark at the Top of the Stairs would headline the launch of the fall season, opening at Radio City Music Hall after Labor Day. The film opened on September 22, 1960 at Radio City Music Hall in New York. Reception Variety gave the film a favorable review, noting that it was "well cast and persuasively acted". However, Bosley Crowther of The New York Times did not give the film a favorable review, calling it a "flawed adaptation of the original stage play". The Film Bulletin gave the film a good review, if they did find it uneven, calling it a "rather absorbing drama, with goodly shares of humor, warmth, and tragedy". They felt that Preston's performance was fine, but would have been better if he had brought more "humility and tenderness" to the role. They found McGuire's performance "splendid", and thought Mann's direction was professional, but that he focused on "certain scenes singularly, rather than integrating them into the whole". Motion Picture Daily gave the film another good review, although they were not kind to Mann's direction, finding it to be the weakness in the picture, saying that he "failed to draw out some of the most vital scenes all the urgency and pathos that Inge had wrote into them". They praised the work of Harriett Frank and Irving Ravetch in their adaptation of Inge's play to the screen, and felt the acting was exceptional. They called Preston's work "excellent", and McGuire "warm and appealing"; they felt the rest of the cast was well-done, and singled out Lansbury's performance as outstanding. The one sour note in the acting corps, the felt, was Arden's performance as the aunt, which they felt worked during the comedic sections, but was "out of key" during the dramatic moments. Shirley Knight earned an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Reenie Flood. Knight also received two Golden Globe nominations for her performance: for Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture and New Star Of The Year - Actress. Lee Kinsolving also received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role as "Sammy Goldenbaum". Mann's direction was nominated for a Directors Guild of America Award for "outstanding directorial achievement". The film was voted one of the ten best of the year in 1960 by the National Board of Review. Eve Arden's performance rated among the five best of the year by supporting actresses, according to The Film Daily's poll of over 1800 critics. References Category:1960 films Category:1960s drama films Category:American films Category:American films based on plays Category:American drama films Category:English-language films Category:Films about antisemitism Category:Films about dysfunctional families Category:Films directed by Delbert Mann Category:Films scored by Max Steiner Category:Films set in Oklahoma Category:Films set in the 1920s Category:Suicide in film Category:Warner Bros. films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
New Tales of Gisaeng New Tales of Gisaeng (; also known as New Gisaeng Story) is a 2011 South Korean television series starring Im Soo-hyang, Sung Hoon and Han Hye-rin. Written by Im Sung-han and directed by Son Moon-kwon, it aired on SBS from January 23 to July 17, 2011 on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:45 for 52 episodes. Plot "Gisaeng" was the Korean equivalent of a geisha or courtesan knowledgeable in poetry, dance, music, culture and politics, who entertained noblemen and royalty of the Joseon Dynasty. This series explores the premise that gisaeng still existed in modern-day Korea. Dan Sa-ran (Im Soo-hyang) lost her mother at a young age, and never quite got along with her stepmother and stepsister. Despite her humble background, she carries herself with pride and grace, majoring in classical dance during college. Drawing the attention of Buyonggak's head gisaeng with her dancing talent and classic beauty, Sa-ran enters Korea's sole traditional gisaeng house, an exclusive establishment that serves only VIP guests. Ah Da-mo (Sung Hoon) is a cocky second-generation chaebol with his own set of daddy issues. He can't be bothered to give any woman the time of day... until he meets Sa-ran. Cast Main characters Im Soo-hyang as Dan Sa-ran Sung Hoon as Ah Da-mo Han Hye-rin as Geum Ra-ra Kim Bo-yeon as Oh Hwa-ran Kim Hye-sun as Han Soon-deok Jung Han-bi as young Soon-deok Supporting characters Dan family Baek Ok-dam as Dan Gong-joo Kim Joo-young as Dan Chul-soo Lee Sook as Ji Hwa-ja Geum family Han Jin-hee as Geum Eo-san Park Jin as young Eo-san Seo Woo-rim as Lee Hong-ah Lee Jong-nam as Jang Joo-hee Lee Dong-joon as Geum Kang-san Lee Dae-ro as Geum Shi-jo Lee Sang-mi as Shin Hyo-ri Ah family Im Hyuk as Ah Soo-ra Kim Hye-jung as Cha Ra-ri Ahn Young-joo as Park Ae-ja Buyonggak Lee Mae-ri as Lee Do-hwa Choi Sun-ja as Hwa-ran's mother Park Joon-myun as Noh Eun-ja Seo Dong-soo as Ma Dan-se Song Dae-kwan as Seo Saeng-kang Oh Ki-chan as Oh Bong-yi Kang Cho-hee as Han Song-yi Kim Yul as Baek Soo-jung Seol Yoon as Jang Soo-jin Yoon Ji-eun as Song Hye-eun Kim Eun-sun as Ye-rang Lee Sun-ah as Lee Ji-hyang Oh Ji-yeon as Kim-sshi Ha Na-kyung Extended cast Jeon Ji-hoo as Son-ja Jin Ye-sol as Jin Joo-ah Lee Soo-jin as Sung Ah-mi Park Yoon-jae as Oh Jin-ahm Kim Ho-chang as Yoo Tae-young Michael Blunck as Kyle Shin Goo as Master Joong-bong Jun Sung-hwan as Master Jung-do Lee Hyo-jung as Ma Yi-joon (CEO Joon Entertainment) The Midas Kim Joon-hyung as Do-suk Son Ga-young as Choi Young-mim Won Jong-rye as Young-nim's mother Kim Sun-il as Min-jae Min Joon-hyun as manager Ratings Awards and nominations International broadcast It aired in Japan on cable channel KNTV from September 9, 2012 to March 3, 2013, with reruns on cable channel BS Japan beginning February 20, 2013. In 2015, Hong Kong's HKTV also played this drama. References External links Category:Seoul Broadcasting System television dramas Category:2011 South Korean television series debuts Category:2011 South Korean television series endings Category:Korean-language television programs Category:2010s South Korean television series Category:South Korean romance television series	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mecel Mecel was a software and systems consulting firm, specializing in the automotive industry. The company has offices in Gothenburg and has approximately 120 employees. History Mecel was founded in Sweden in 1982 by Jan Nytomt and Hasse Johansson, who later became technical manager at Scania. The company idea was to provide the automotive industry with electronic engine control devices. In 1982 Saab-Scania Combitech Group, as the company was named at the time, acquired Mecel. When General Motors bought the Saab-Scania car operations in 1990 Mecel followed with it. In 1997 General Motors created the company Delphi Automotive Systems and subsequently Mecel became a wholly owned subsidiary of Delphi. Mecel has since been operating as an independent software and system house being able to offer services to all customers. In 1987 a software division, Mecel Gothenburg, was started in Chalmers University Science Park with the intention of investigating and developing multiplexed signaling in the vehicle based on CAN. In 1990 Mecel and Mecel Gothenburg together formed Mecel AB and Mecel Gothenburg has since 2000 has been organizational headquarters. In 2006 the Åmål office was purchased by co founder Jan Nytomt and in 2007 the Mecel Engine Systems was acquired by Hoerbiger In 2009 Mecel had an operating revenue of 107.3 million. President from 2000 until 2011 was Kent-Eric Lång [1], succeeded by Henrik Häggström in August 2011. Company Operations Some major contributions to the industry during the years: The IonSense technology was developed by the Mecel founders in the 80's and are presented in a number of patents. US patents 4785789, 4903676, 4947810, 5769049, 5992386, 6123057, 6827061. The technology are used in a number of applications among others Saab Direct Ignition where it was introduced in the Trionic T5.2 system. In the European Union research programme FP4 was Mecel a member and contributor of the X-by-wire project Mecel has also been contributing to the automotive standardization two examples are within ISO. ISO 14229 where Anders Lundqvist was (chairman). ISO 26262 where Håkan Sivencrona has been editor for subsection 10. Products Some of Mecels product areas are: Automotive Bluetooth Picea Populus References Category:Software companies of Sweden Category:Companies based in Gothenburg Category:Automotive companies of Sweden	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Irfaan Ali Dr. Hon. Mohamed Irfaan Ali is a Guyanese politician, sitting Member of Parliament and a former Minister of Housing in Guyana. Ali was elected Presidential Candidate for the People's Progressive Party on January 19, 2019. Early life & education Ali was born in Leonora, a village in the West Coast Demarara region of Guyana. The child of two educators and one of two sons, Ali also spent much of his formative years on the island of Leguan. He is a past student of the Leonora Nursery and Primary schools and Cornelia Ida Primary. Ali completed his secondary education at St. Stanislaus College in Georgetown, Guyana. He holds a doctorate in Urban and Regional Planning from the University of the West Indies. Professional career Ali served as Project Manager of the Caribbean Development Bank's Project Implementation Unit in the Ministry of Finance and Senior Planner in the State Planning Secretariat. Political career Ali became a member of the National Assembly of Guyana in 2006. He was subsequently appointed to the portfolios of Minister of Housing and Water and Minister of Tourism Industry and Commerce. During his tenure as Minister, Ali performed the functions of President and Prime Minister on separate occasions. In 2015, the People's Progressive Party (PPP/C) went into opposition during which time he served as chair of the Public Accounts Committee and co-chair the Economic Services Committee of the Parliament of Guyana. Presidential candidacy Irfaan Ali is the Presidential Candidate of the People's Progressive Party (PPP/C) for the March 2, 2020 General and Regional Elections in Guyana. He was selected as the presidential candidate for the People's Progressive Party on January 19, 2019. His controversial selection came at a time after Ali had been charged with 19 counts of conspiracy and fraud by Guyana's Special Organized Crime Unit (SOCU). Immediately following his selection, Ali was accused of academic fraud. References Category:Living people Category:Guyanese politicians Category:Government ministers of Guyana Category:Guyanese politicians of Indian descent Category:1980 births	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ýazguly Hojageldiýew Yazguly Berdymuhammedovich Hojageldiyev (; born 16 February 1977) is a Turkmen football manager and former professional footballer who is currently the manager of the Altyn Asyr FK. Honored coach of Turkmenistan. Career Hojageldiyev was born in Büzmeýin. As a football player played as a midfielder for the Turkmen clubs FC Büzmeýin, FC Dagdan Aşgabat, FC Nebitçi, FC Garagum, Kopetdag and HTTU Aşgabat. Coaching career Turkmenistan national team In February 2010, led the Turkmenistan national football team. Under his leadership the team went to Sri Lanka to participate in the final tournament of the AFC Challenge Cup 2010. In a tournament team of Turkmenistan for the first time made it to the final of the AFC Challenge Cup, losing in the final match of the DPRK team in the penalty shootout. In March 2011, the national team of Turkmenistan has successfully entered the final round of the AFC Challenge Cup 2012, beating Pakistan, Taiwan, and played in a draw with India in the qualifying competition in Kuala Lumpur. In the summer of 2011 the first qualifying match against Indonesia in the race for getting into the final of the 2014 World Cup team beginning in Ashgabat draw (1:1), and the humiliating defeat in the party with a 4–3 team knocked out of the fight for the right to go to the World Cup 2014. In winter 2012 team gathered for a training camp in Turkey. In preparation for the AFC Challenge Cup 2012 team Yazguly Hodzhageldiev had a friendly match with Romania, as a result of devastating Turkmenistan team lost 4–0. In March 2012, the team went to Kathmandu to participate in the final tournament of the AFC Challenge Cup 2012. Turkmenistan national team beat the tournament hosts Nepal (0–3) and the team of the Maldives (3–1), the match with Palestine ended in a goalless draw. In the semifinals, Turkmen defeated the Philippines (2–1). Turkmenistan national team for the second time missed AFC Challenge Cup, losing to North Korea at the end of the match (1–2). In 2017, again headed the national team of Turkmenistan. Honours As a Coach Turkmenistan AFC Challenge Cup: Runners-up: 2010, 2012 HTTU Champion of Turkmenistan: 2006, 2009, 2013 Silver medalist in Turkmenistan: 2007, 2008, 2011 Bronze medalist in Turkmenistan: 2012 Winner of the Cup of Turkmenistan: 2006, 2011 Turkmenistan Cup finalist: 2008 Turkmenistan Super Cup: 2009 Turkmenistan President Cup: 2007, 2008, 2009 Semifinalist of the Commonwealth of Independent States Cup: 2010 Altyn Asyr FK Champion of Turkmenistan: 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Winner of the Cup of Turkmenistan: 2015, 2016, 2019 Turkmenistan Super Cup: 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Finalist 2018 AFC Cup References External links Profile in Goal.com Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:Turkmenistan footballers Category:Turkmenistan football managers Category:People from Ahal Region Category:Turkmenistan national football team managers Category:Association football midfielders Category:2019 AFC Asian Cup managers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Stamboul (film) Stamboul is a 1932 British drama film directed by Dimitri Buchowetzki and starring Warwick Ward, Rosita Moreno, Margot Grahame, and Garry Marsh. It was released by the British division of Paramount Pictures. The film's sets were designed by the art director Heinrich Richter, Hermann Warm and R. Holmes Paul. Buchowetski also co-directed El hombre que asesino with Fernando Gomis, the Spanish-language version of the film, also released by Paramount. The film is based on the novel L'homme qui assasina (1906) by Claude Farrère and on a play by Pierre Frondaie. Premise In the lead-up to the First World War, a French military attaché falls in love with the wife of a prominent German in Stamboul in the Ottoman Empire. Cast Warwick Ward as Col André de Sevigne Rosita Moreno as Baroness von Strick Margot Grahame as Countess Elsa Talven Henry Hewitt as Baron von Strick Garry Marsh as Prince Cernuwitz Alan Napier as Bouchier Abraham Sofaer as Mahmed Pasha Stella Arbenina as Mme. Bouchier Annie Esmond as Nurse Eric Pavitt as Franz See also The Right to Love (1920) The Man Who Murdered (1931) References External links Category:1932 films Category:British films Category:1930s drama films Category:English-language films Category:Films directed by Dimitri Buchowetzki Category:British drama films Category:British films based on plays Category:British multilingual films Category:British black-and-white films Category:1930s multilingual films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pōmare Pōmare or Pomare may refer to: Pōmare Dynasty, the dynasty of the Tahitian monarchs Pōmare I (c.1742-1803), first king of the Kingdom of Tahiti Pōmare II (c.1774–1821), second king of Tahiti Pōmare III (1820-1827), third king of Tahiti Pōmare IV (1813-1877), queen of Tahiti (fourth monarch) Pōmare V (1839-1891), fifth and last king of Tahiti Notable New Zealand Māori people named Pōmare Pōmare I (Ngāpuhi) (d. 1826), Ngāpuhi leader, also called Whetoi Pōmare II (Ngāpuhi) (d. 1850), Ngāpuhi leader, nephew of Pōmare I, originally called Whiria, also called Whetoi Hare Pōmare (d. 1864), performer, son of Pōmare II Wiremu Piti (d. 1851), originally called Pomare and Pomare Ngatata, Ngāti Mutunga leader Māui Pōmare (1875 or 1876 – 1930), New Zealand Māori doctor and politician Places Pomare, Lower Hutt, New Zealand Pomare railway station, situated in the above suburb	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lorenzo Parodi Lorenzo Parodi (Genoa, 24 May 1926 – Genoa, 31 July 2011) was an Italian trade unionist, communist revolutionary and politician, founder in 1965 of Lotta Comunista with Arrigo Cervetto. From the small workshop to Ansaldo Lorenzo Parodi was born into a working-class family: his father "Bartolomeo Parodi" worked at the forging department "Ansaldo" of Genoa Sampierdarena. He started to work at fourteen years old in a small bolts of Genova Nervi, in the midst of World War II Lorenzo goes to the big factory, and the professional apprenticeship come before the first political experiences just over a year. Lorenzo Parodi starts to work at Ansaldo, as a turner at the department "small cars" (MAPI) in the summer of 1942. Half a century later, introducing the third edition of "Cronache Operaie", he remembers " We were among the boys entered the factories in the early forties to replace the "cannon fodder" sent to front ." The first political experiences in the fire of World War In the spring of 1943 Lorenzo Parodi joined the strike in progress at Ansaldo and in 1944, to escape the Nazi raids and deportation, he's forced to leave the factory. Parodi becomes partisan in SAP Brigade "Crosa" of Genova Nervi: here his political novitiate starts; due his anti-Stalinist choice, he meets the young libertarian communists of Nervi like Antonio Pittaluga, Vero Grassini, Agostino Sessarego and Mario Vignale and later the group of Genoa Sestri. It is especially "the refusal of Togliatti's opportunism" and the attempt "still confused to salvage the savable from the opportunistic wave that will block and overwhelm the class movement emerged from the struggle against fascism" the factors that will approaches him and his group to libertarian and anarchist ideas. The process of political maturation in the postwar The young Parodi return to Ansaldo at the end of the war. His political work is expressed in the commitment to bring the anarchist movement on a line of concrete political struggle; with Arrigo Cervetto and other people like them, he works for the foundation of the "Anarchist Groups of Proletarian Action" (GAAP), enshrined in the Convention of Genoa Pontedecimo of February 1951. "It is the search for another communism that was not the subjection to Moscow of stalinian PCI that will connect Lorenzo Parodi and Arrigo Cervetto between 1948 and 1949. The meeting land was an attempt of Pier Carlo Masini and Cervetto to group around the young of the FAI Italian Anarchist Federation in a libertarian communist movement, organized and federated, to leave the traditional anarchist individualism. The research for 'homogeneity as theoretical science of revolution' directs him to a serious study of "Capital" in Marx and to study Lenin. The Internationalist position on the uprising in Budapest The presence in the National Steering Committee of the CGIL provides the grandstand for a clear internationalist position on the workers' revolt in Budapest of October and November 1956. The Secretary-General Di Vittorio, after his deploring on Russia's military intervention expressed on October, made a rapid march back. Lorenzo Parodi supports the uprising in Budapest in connection with other significant events of that crucial 1956 (the Revolt of Poznan, the colonial war conducted in Algeria by the government of Guy Mollet, the Suez Crisis). The confluence in Azione Comunista After the confluence of the GAAP, in the spring 1957, in the group of "Azione Comunista" founded two years earlier by a "dissident" of PCI, Parodi is committed to the side of Arrigo Cervetto against the Maximalism of the group to attest an internationalist position. He presents with Cervetto, at the first conference of the Communist Left November 1957 in Livorno, the "Theses on imperialist development, the duration of the counter and on the development of the class party", that is now expressed in an organic strategic vision of the current Leninist. The Foundation of Lotta Comunista The strategic task for the proletariat, the class that can and should revolutionize the imperialist society, is now clearly outlined in the vision that Parodi shares with Cervetto's vision. The strategic vision of the Theses of '57 is in fact linked to the conception of the party's strategy: to Parodi Cervetto send in 1964 the drafts of the study (which will be collected two years later in volume, with the title of "Class Struggles and revolutionary party ", and over again until the sixth edition of 2004, which also republishes those letters) on the Leninist concept of political action, with the goal of having 'a text-based current Leninist in Italy". On that basis Cervetto and Parodi can turn the page on the experience of "Azione Comunista" in December 1965, year of the first issue of "Lotta Comunista" (which will Parodi director until his death) and begins a vast work of settlement organization. See also Arrigo Cervetto Lotta Comunista Category:1926 births Category:2011 deaths Category:People from Genoa	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Old White Lion, Bury The Old White Lion is a public house at 6 Bolton Street, Bury, Greater Manchester BL9 0LQ. It is on the Campaign for Real Ale's National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors. It was built in the late 19th century. References Category:Pubs in Greater Manchester Category:National Inventory Pubs Category:Buildings and structures in Bury, Greater Manchester	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1844 United States presidential election in North Carolina The 1844 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place between November 1 and December 4, 1844, as part of the 1844 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President. North Carolina voted for the Whig candidate, Henry Clay, over Democratic candidate James K. Polk. Clay won North Carolina by a margin of 4.63%. With 52.39% of the popular vote, North Carolina would be Henry Clay's fourth strongest state after Rhode Island, Vermont and Kentucky. This was also the last presidential election until 1992 when a Democrat would win without carrying the state of North Carolina. Results References North Carolina 1844 Category:1844 North Carolina elections	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
James Loney (peace activist) James Loney (born 1964) is a Canadian peace activist who has worked for several years with Christian Peacemaker Teams in Iraq and Palestine. On November 26, 2005, he was kidnapped in Baghdad along with three others: Harmeet Singh Sooden (Canadian) and Norman Kember (British), both members of the delegation he was leading; and Tom Fox (American), a full-time member of CPT who had been working in Iraq since September 2004. The widely publicized hostage crisis (see 2005-2006 Christian Peacemaker hostage crisis) ended on March 23, 2006 when Loney, Kember and Sooden were freed in a clandestine military operation led by British Special Forces. Tom Fox was killed on March 9, two weeks before the release of the other hostages. While Loney was held as a hostage, his family and partner Dan Hunt withheld the fact of his homosexuality out of fear for his safety. The media was aware of this fact but cooperated in keeping it secret. He made a brief media appearance on March 30: "I'll take things slowly until I can get through a day without shaking legs and a pounding heart," he said. Early life Loney was born in Calgary, Alberta, and was raised in Thunder Bay and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. During his late teens he worked as a counsellor at Columbus Boys' Camp near Orillia, Ontario, on Lake Simcoe. This was a summer camp for underprivileged boys, funded by the Knights of Columbus and staffed by senior high school students from various schools run by the Basilian Fathers until 2002, when it was sold to Stu Saunders, who turned it into a leadership camp. Loney was a founding member Zacchaeus House, one of several houses that were part of the Toronto Catholic Worker. From 1990 to 2001 he was a member of the Zacchaeus House community—a house of hospitality which welcomes people in need of housing. While no longer an active part of the community, Zacchaues House continues to function today. After release In June 2006, Loney entered headlines again for joining in the protest against the controversial use of security certificates to detain foreign residents in Canada for years without charges or trial. On June 20, 2006, Loney and several other staff members of the Ontario Catholic Youth Leadership Camp held a press conference in Toronto in which they claimed the Knights of Columbus, a Catholic charitable organization, shut down the camp after learning about Loney's sexual orientation upon his return from captivity. The Ontario Knights of Columbus denied this was the reason for closing the camp. The camp re-opened the following summer under the same name but with a new director and staff. On that same day, Loney and his partner Hunt were honoured at the Toronto 2006 Pride Day Gala with the Fearless Award. According to a November 11, 2006 report in the Guelph Mercury of a speech he'd given to university students on November 9, Loney refused to wear a poppy on Remembrance Day. Loney claimed that it "says we have to be ready for the next time - vigilance." Canadian singer-songwriter, Jon Brooks, wrote two songs on Loney's CD Ours And The Shepherds in response to the controversy. Jim Loney's Prayer Part I and Jim Loney's Prayer Part II were chosen as bookends to the track-list on a CD about Canadian war stories. On December 8, 2006, Loney, Kember and Sooden publicly forgave their captors at a press conference held at St. Ethelburga's Peace Center, London, England. On this same day a year before their kidnappers had threatened to execute them. In their joint statement of forgiveness they said, "We unconditionally forgive our captors for abducting and holding us. We have no desire to punish them," and "Should those who have been charged with holding us hostage be brought to trial and convicted, we ask that they be granted all possible leniency. We categorically lay aside any rights we may have over them." On May 23, 2007, Loney released a public statement saying that he would not be testifying against his captors who are now in U.S. custody citing the lack of transparency in Iraqi courts, the limited access to lawyers and the death penalty.I recently informed the RCMP that I will not testify. I cannot participate in a judicial process where the prospects of a fair trial are negligible, and more crucially, where the death penalty is a possibility. Loney and Harmeet Singh Sooden were among 250 Canadians who risked charges under Canada's anti-terrorism legislation in the spring of 2009 for contributing towards a plane ticket for Abousfian Abdelrazik, a Canadian man who was detained by the Sudanese government at Canada’s request, tortured, imprisoned for two years without charge and then denied travel documents to return to Canada. The ticket Loney helped purchase exposed how the government was actively blocking his return and led to the June 2009 court ruling which forced the Canadian government to bring him home. Loney was one of 30 supporters who were on hand to welcome Abdelrazik home upon his arrival at Toronto's Pearson International Airport on June 27, 2009. References External links Christian Peacemaker Teams profile March 30 video: speeches to media by James Loney, his partner, & others in his family March 30 'Emotional Loney speaks of small things he missed' 'More about James Loney', SooToday.com, December 9, 2005 'Brothers of hostage in Iraq describe "gut-wrenching" wait', CBC News, December 11, 2005 'Family waits as deadline passes in silence', The Globe and Mail, December 11, 2005 Free The Captives: Petition for the release of Christian Peacemakers being held in Iraq – includes latest news and daily updates. Catholic Worker Communities Video report March 28, 2006 Category:1964 births Category:Canadian anti-war activists Category:Foreign hostages in Iraq Category:Canadian people taken hostage Category:Roman Catholic activists Category:LGBT people from Canada Category:LGBT Roman Catholics Category:Canadian people of Irish descent Category:Living people Category:People from Calgary Category:Canadian anti–Iraq War activists Category:Catholic Workers Category:Canadian Christian pacifists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
History of Schleswig-Holstein The history of Schleswig-Holstein consists of the corpus of facts since the pre-history times until the modern establishing of the Schleswig-Holstein state. Early history The Jutland Peninsula is a peninsula in Northern Europe with modern-day Schleswig-Holstein at its base. Schleswig is also called Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland). The old Scandinavian sagas, perhaps dating back to the times of the Angles and Jutes give the impression that Jutland has been divided into a northern and a southern part with the border running along the Kongeå River. Taking into account both archeological findings and Roman sources, however, one could conclude that the Jutes inhabited both the Kongeå region and the more northern part of the peninsula, while the Angles lived approximately where the towns Haithabu and Schleswig later would emerge (originally centered in the southeast of Schleswig in Angeln), the Saxons (earlier known apparently as the Reudingi) originally centered in Western Holstein (known historically as "Northalbingia") and Slavic Wagrians, part of the Obodrites (Abodrites) in Eastern Holstein. The Danes settled in the early Viking ages in Northern and Central Schleswig and the Northern Frisians after approximately the year 900 in Western Schleswig. The pattern of populated and unpopulated areas was relatively constant through Bronze Age and Iron Age. After the Dark Ages migrations After many Angles emigrated to the British Islands in the 5th century, the land of the Angles came in closer contact with the Danish islands — plausibly by partly immigration/occupation by the Danes. Later also the contacts increased between the Danes and the people on the northern half of the Jutish peninsula. Judging by today's placenames, then the southern linguistic border of the Danish language seems to have been (starting at the west) up the Treene river, along the Danevirke (also known as Danewerk), then cutting across from the Schlei estuary to Eckernförde, and leaving the Schwansen peninsula, while the West coast of Schleswig had been the area of the Frisian language. After the Slavic migrations, the eastern area of modern Holstein was inhabited by Slavic Wagrians (Vagri) a subgroup of the Obotrites (Obotritae). Nordalbingia and Wagria in 8th century-9th century Apart from northern Holstein and Schleswig inhabited by Danes there were Nordalbingia and Wagria in respectively, Western and Eastern Holstein. Nordalbingia (German: Nordalbingien, i.e. land north of the Elbe river) was one of the four administrative regions of the medieval Duchy of Saxony, the others being Angria, Eastphalia, and Westphalia. Nordalbingia consisted of four districts: Dithmarschen, Holstein, Stormarn (north of the Elbe) and Hadeln (south of the Elbe). The Wagri, Wagiri, or Wagrians were a tribe of Polabian Slavs inhabiting Wagria, or eastern Holstein in northern Germany, from the ninth to twelfth centuries. They were a constituent tribe of the Obodrite confederacy. Conquest of Nordalbingia by Obodrites and Franks In the Battle of Bornhöved (798) (German: Schlacht bei Bornhöved) on the field of Sventanafeld (Sventanapolje, Slavonic for "sacred field") near the village of Bornhöved near Neumünster in 798 the Obodrites, led by Drożko, allied with the Franks, defeated the Nordalbingian Saxons. Following defeat of Norgalbingians in the Battle of Bornhöved by combined forces of the Obodrites and the Franks, where the Saxons lost 4,000 people, 10,000 Saxon families were deported to other areas of the empire. Areas north of Elbe (Wagria) were given to the Obodrites, while Hadeln was directly incorporated. However, the Obodrites soon were invaded by Danes and only the intervention of Charlemagne pushed the Danes out of Eider river. Danish, Saxon, Franks struggle for control of Holstein As Charlemagne extended his realm in the late 8th century, he met a united Danish army which successfully defended Danevirke, a fortified defensive barrier across the south of the territory west of the Schlei. A border was established at the Eider River in 811. This strength was enabled by three factors: the fishing, the good soil giving good pasture and harvests in particular the tax and customs revenues from the market in Haithabu, where all trade between the Baltic Sea and Western Europe passed. The Danevirke was built immediately south of the road where boats or goods had to be hauled for approximately 5 kilometers between a Baltic Sea bay and the small river Rheider Au (Danish, Rejde Å) connected to the North Sea. There on the narrowest part of southern Jutland was established the important transit market (Haithabu, also known as Hedeby, near modern Haddeby), which was protected by the Danevirke fortification. Hedeby was located on the inlet Schlei opposite to what is now the City of Schleswig. The wealth of Schleswig, as reflected by impressive archeological finds on the site today, and the taxes from the Haithabu market, was enticing. A separate kingdom of Haithabu was established around year 900 by the Viking chieftain Olaf from Svealand. Olaf's son and successor Gnupa was however killed in battle against the Danish king, and his kingdom vanished. The southern border was then adjusted back and forth a few times. For instance, the Holy Roman Emperor Otto II occupied the region between the river Eider and the inlet Schlei in the years 974–983, called the March of Schleswig, and stimulating German colonisation. Later Haithabu was burned by Swedes, and first under the reign of King Sweyn Forkbeard (Svend Tveskæg) (986-1014) the situation was stabilised, although raids against Haithabu would be repeated. Haithabu was once again and ultimately destroyed by fire in 1066. As Adam of Bremen reported in 1076, the Eider River was the border between Denmark and the Saxon territories. From the time Danes came to Schleswig from today’s eastern part of Denmark and Germans colonised Schleswig migrating from Holstein, the country north of the Elbe had been the battleground of Danes and Germans, as well as certain Slavic people. Danish scholars point to the existence of Danish placenames north for Eider and Danevirke as evidence that at least the most of Schleswig was at one time Danish; German scholars claim it, on the other hand, as essentially "Germanic", due to the fact that Schleswig became an autonomous entity and a duchy (in the 13th century) since it has been populated and been dominated from the South. The Duchy of Schleswig, or Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland), had been a Danish fief, though having been more or less independent from the Kingdom of Denmark during the centuries, similarly to Holstein, that had been from the first a fief of the Holy Roman Empire, originating in the small area of Nordalbingia, in today western Holstein, inhabited then mostly by Saxons, but in 13th century expanded to the present Holstein, after winning local Danish overlord. Throughout the Middle Ages, Schleswig was a source of rivalry between Denmark and the nobility of the duchy of Holstein within the Holy Roman Empire. The Danish position can be exemplified with an inscription on a stone in the walls of the town of Rendsburg (Danish: Rendsborg) located on the border between Schleswig and Holstein: Eidora Terminus Imperii Romani ("The River Eider is the Border of the Holy Roman Empire"). A number of Holsatian nobles sought to challenge this. Danish, Saxon, Angles struggle for control of Schleswig The area of Schleswig (Southern Jutland) was first inhabited by the mingled West Germanic tribes Cimbri, Angles and Jutes, later also by the North Germanic Danes and West Germanic Frisians. Holstein was inhabited mainly by the West Germanic Saxons, aside Wends (such as Obotrites) and other Slavic peoples in the East. The Saxons were the last of their nation to submit to Charlemagne (804), who put their country under Frankish counts, the limits of the Empire being pushed in 810 as far as the Schlei in Schleswig. In 811 the river Eider was declared as borderline between the Frankish Empire and Denmark. Then began the secular struggle between the Danish kings and the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire, and in 934 the German king Henry I established the March of Schleswig (Limes Danarum) between the Eider and the Schlei as an outpost of the Empire against the	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) A timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Progressive Era to the end of World War II, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States. Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the original invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress: In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt. On April 10, 1790, President George Washington signed the Patent Act of 1790 (1 Stat. 109) into law which proclaimed that patents were to be authorized for "any useful art, manufacture, engine, machine, or device, or any improvement therein not before known or used." On July 31, 1790, Samuel Hopkins of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, became the first person in the United States to file and to be granted a patent under the new U.S. patent statute. The Patent Act of 1836 (Ch. 357, 5 Stat. 117) further clarified United States patent law to the extent of establishing a patent office where patent applications are filed, processed, and granted, contingent upon the language and scope of the claimant's invention, for a patent term of 14 years with an extension of up to an additional 7 years. From 1836 to 2011, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has granted a total of 7,861,317 patents relating to several well-known inventions appearing throughout the timeline below. Some examples of patented inventions between the years 1890 and 1945 include John Froelich's tractor (1892), Ransom Eli Olds' assembly line (1901), Willis Carrier's air-conditioning (1902), the Wright Brothers' airplane (1903), and Robert H. Goddard's liquid-fuel rocket (1926). Progressive Era (1890–1919) Through most of the 1800s, Americans viewed the nation’s westward expansion as a symbol of its providence as a land of wealth and progress. But Indian tribes resisted the encroachment of settlers in their territories, setting off decades of violence. The federal government gradually pushed the tribes to more isolated areas, offering U.S. citizenship, but few opportunities, to those who agreed to accept allotments of land on reservations. 1890 Stop sign A stop sign is a traffic sign, usually erected at road junctions such as a four-way intersection, that instructs drivers to stop and then to proceed only if the way ahead is clear. The idea of placing stop signs at road junctions was first conceived in 1890 when William Phelps Eno of Saugatuck, Connecticut proposed and devised the first set of traffic laws in an article published in Rider and Driver. However, the first use of stop signs did not appear until 1915 when officials in Detroit, Michigan installed a stop sign with black letters on a white background. Throughout the years and with many alterations made to the stop sign, the current version with white block-lettering on a red background that is used in the United States as well as emulated in many other countries around the world today, did not come into use until the Joint Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices adopted the design in 1975. 1890 Tabulating machine The tabulating machine is an electrical device designed to assist in summarizing information and, later, accounting. The results of a tabulation are electrically coupled with a sorter while displayed on clock-like dials. The concept of automated data processing had been born. In 1890, Herman Hollerith invented the mechanical tabulating machine, a design used during the 1890 Census which stored and processed demographic and statistical information on punched cards. 1890 Shredded wheat Shredded wheat is a type of breakfast cereal made from whole wheat. Shredded wheat also comes in a frosted variety, which has one side coated with sugar and usually gelatin. Shredded wheat was invented in 1890 by Henry Perky of Watertown, New York. 1890 Babcock test The Babcock test was the first inexpensive and practical test which were used to determine the fat content of milk. Invented by Stephen Moulton Babcock in 1890, the test was developed to prevent dishonest farmers who could, until the 1890s, water down their milk or remove some cream before selling it to the factories because milk was paid by volume. 1890 Smoke detector A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke and issues a signal. Most smoke detectors work either by optical detection or by physical process, but some of them use both detection methods to increase sensitivity to smoke. Smoke detectors are usually powered by battery while some are connected directly to power mains, often having a battery as a power supply backup in case the mains power fails. The first automatic electric fire alarm was co-invented in 1890 by Francis Robbins Upton and Fernando J. Dibble. Upton and Dibble were issued U.S. patent #436,961. Upton was an associate of Thomas Alva Edison, although there is no evidence that Edison contributed to this invention. 1891 Incandescent Lamp One of the most dramatic improvements occurred in artificial lighting. Thomas Edison’s development of an electric lamp that did not rely on open flames made lighting more practical for factories, offices, and homes, and transformed city life. 1891 Ferris wheel A Ferris wheel is a non-building structure, consisting of an upright wheel with passenger gondolas attached to the rim. Opened on June 21, 1893 at the Chicago World's Fair, the original Ferris Wheel was invented two years earlier by the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania bridge-builder George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. in 1891. 1891 Dow process The Dow process is the electrolytic method of bromine extraction from brine, and was Herbert Henry Dow's second revolutionary process for generating bromine commercially in 1891. 1891 Tesla coil A Tesla coil is a type of resonant transformer circuit invented by Nikola Tesla around 1891. Nikola Tesla used these coils to conduct innovative experiments in electrical lighting, phosphorescence, x-ray generation, high frequency alternating current phenomena, electrotherapy, and the transmission of electrical energy without wires for point-to-point telecommunications, broadcasting, and the transmission of electrical power. 1891 Rotary dial The rotary dial is a device mounted on or in a telephone or switchboard that is designed to send electrical pulses, known as pulse dialing, corresponding to the number dialed. The early form of the rotary dial used lugs on a finger plate instead of holes. The rotary dial was invented by Almon Brown Strowger in 1891. Strowger filed U.S. patent#486,909 on December 21, 1891 that was later issued on November 29, 1892. 1891 Pastry fork A pastry fork, also known as a "pie fork", is a fork designed for eating pastries and other desserts while holding a plate. The fork has 3 or 4 tines. The 3 tine fork has a larger, flattened and beveled tine on the side while the 4 tine fork has the 1st and 2nd tine connected or bridged together and beveled. On July 7, 1891, Anna M. Mangin of Queens, a borough of New York City, filed the first patent for the pastry fork. U.S. patent #470,005 was later issued on March 1, 1892. 1891 Schrader valve A Schrader valve consists of a hollow cylindrical metal tube, typically brass, with the exterior end threaded. The interior end takes a variety of forms depending on its application. In the center of the exterior end is a metal pin pointing along the axis of the tube; the pin's end is flush with the end of the valve body. Generally, all Schrader valves are used on tires. They have threads and bodies of a single standard size at the exterior end, so caps and tools generally are universal for the valves on all automobile and bicycle pneumatic tires. Also, pressure valves can be used on Schrader valves in place of caps in order to measure the pressure of pneumatic tires. In 1891, George Schrader, the son of German-American immigrant August Schrader, invented the Schrader valve. A patent was issued on April 11, 1893. 1892 Bottle cap Bottle caps, or closures, are used to seal the openings of bottles of many types. They can be small circular pieces of metal, usually steel, with plastic backings, and for plastic bottles a plastic cap is used instead. Caps can also be plastic, sometimes with a pour spout. Flip-Top caps like Flapper closures provide controlled dispensing of dry products. The crown cork, the first form of a bottle cap, possessed flanges bent over a sealed bottle to compress the liquid inside. It was invented and patented in 1892 by William Painter of Baltimore, Maryland. 1892 Dimmer Dimmers are devices used to vary the brightness of a light. By decreasing or increasing the RMS voltage and hence the mean power to the lamp it is possible to vary the intensity of the light output. Although variable-voltage devices are used for various purposes, a dimmer is specifically those devices intended to control lighting. Dimmers are popularly used in venues such as movie theatres, stages, dining rooms, restaurants, and auditoriums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
5 Para A Meia-Noite 5 Para A Meia-Noite (5 to Midnight) is a late-night talk show that airs on Thursdays on the Portuguese TV channel RTP1 (formerly on RTP2). Its format is based on several American late-night talk shows. External links References Category:2009 Portuguese television series debuts Category:Portuguese television talk shows Category:2000s Portuguese television series	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Rod Andrews The Rt. Rev Rodney Osborne Andrews is a retired Anglican bishop. Born on 11 November 1940, educated at the University of Saskatchewan and ordained in 1965 he was involved in parish work and native ministry within the Diocese of Calgary until 1984. He was a military chaplain in the Diocese of Montreal after which he was Archdeacon of Algoma until 2000. He was Rector of St Alban’s, Richmond and University Chaplain at UBC until 2004 when he became the Bishop of Saskatoon. He resigned his See in 2010. Bishop Rodney holds an airline transport pilot’s licence and is currently a flight instructor. References Category:1940 births Category:University of Saskatchewan alumni Category:Anglican bishops of Saskatoon Category:21st-century Anglican bishops Category:Living people Category:Canadian military chaplains	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cochylimorpha nomadana Cochylimorpha nomadana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Xinjiang), Afghanistan, Iran, Russia (the Caucasus and south-eastern part of European Russia), Armenia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The wingspan is 22–31 mm. Adults have been recorded from wing from July to August. References Category:Moths described in 1874 Category:Cochylimorpha Category:Moths of Asia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1912 Mürefte earthquake The 1912 Mürefte earthquake occurred at 03:29 local time on 9 August. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.8 and a maximum intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing 216 casualties. See also List of earthquakes in 1912 List of earthquakes in Turkey References External links 1912 Mürefte Category:1912 in the Ottoman Empire 1912	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Creosote gall midge Creosote gall midges are a species of gall-inducing flies in the Asphondylia auripila group (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). This group consists of 15 closely related species of flies which inhabit creosote bush (Zygophyllaceae: Larrea tridentata) sensu lato. They have partitioned the plant ecologically with different gall midge species inhabiting the leaves, stems, buds, and flowers of creosote bush. Each species induces a uniquely shaped gall but the insects are otherwise morphologically very similar and very difficult to tell apart. Their life cycle begins when the female oviposits into the part of the plant which her species prefers, she inserts her egg along with a fungal spore from a mycangia (a small pocket to store fungal spores). A gall forms and the fungal mycelium grows to line the inside of the gall, when the egg hatches the developing larva feeds upon the fungus. Adult emergence is timed with periods of plant growth associated with winter, spring, or summer rain fall. In contrast to many other groups of plant-feeding insects (which form new species through changes to new host plants) the evolution of new species in the A. auripila group seems to be a result of colonizing new parts of the same plant and/or colonization of new seasons of plant growth. List of species The Asphondylia genus has over 60 described species. Within the genus the creosote gall midge species form a species group, the A. auripila group. Species described this far (by host-plant part) include: Asphondylia clavata – leaf gall Asphondylia pilosa – leaf gall Asphondylia villosa – leaf gall Asphondylia barbata – leaf gall Asphondylia digitata – leaf gall Asphondylia discalis – leaf gall Asphondylia silicula – leaf gall Asphondylia fabalis – leaf gall Asphondylia bullata – stem gall Asphondylia resinosa – stem gall Asphondylia foliosa – stem gall Asphondylia auripila – stem gall Asphondylia rosetta – stem gall Asphondylia florea – flower gall Asphondylia apicata – bud gall References Gagne, R.J, and Waring, G. 1990. The Asphondylia (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera) of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) in North America. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 92:649–671. Category:Cecidomyiidae	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Linotype machine The Linotype machine ( ) was a "line casting" machine used in printing sold by the Mergenthaler Linotype Company and related It was a hot metal typesetting system that cast blocks of metal type for individual uses. Linotype became one of the mainstay methods to set type, especially small-size body text, for newspapers, magazines, and posters from the late 19th century to the 1970s and 1980s, when it was largely replaced by phototypesetting and computer typesetting. The name of the machine comes from the fact that it produces an entire line of metal type at once, hence a line-o'-type, a significant improvement over the previous industry standard, i.e., manual, letter-by-letter typesetting using a composing stick and shallow subdivided trays, called "cases". The linotype machine operator enters text on a 90-character keyboard. The machine assembles matrices, which are molds for the letter forms, in a line. The assembled line is then cast as a single piece, called a slug, from molten type metal in a process known as hot metal typesetting. The matrices are then returned to the type magazine from which they came, to be reused later. This allows much faster typesetting and composition than original hand composition in which operators place down one pre-cast glyph (metal letter, punctuation mark or space) at a time. The machine revolutionized typesetting and with it especially newspaper publishing, making it possible for a relatively small number of operators to set type for many pages on a daily basis. Ottmar Mergenthaler invented the linotype in 1884. History In 1876, a German clock maker, Ottmar Mergenthaler, who had emigrated to the United States in 1872, was approached by James O. Clephane and his associate Charles T. Moore, who sought a quicker way of publishing legal briefs. By 1884 he conceived the idea of assembling metallic letter molds, called matrices, and casting molten metal into them, all within a single machine. His first attempt proved the idea feasible, and a new company was formed. Improving his invention, Mergenthaler further developed his idea of an independent matrix machine. In July, 1886, the first commercially used Linotype was installed in the printing office of the New York Tribune. Here it was immediately used on the daily paper and a large book. The book, the first ever composed with the new Linotype method, was titled, The Tribune Book of Open-Air Sports. Initially, the Mergenthaler Linotype Company was the only company producing linecasting machines, but in time, other companies would begin manufacturing. The Intertype Company produced the Intertype, a machine closely resembling the Linotype, and using the same matrices as the Linotype, started production around 1914. Where Mergenthaler prided themselves on intricately formed cast-iron parts on their machine, Intertype machined many of their similar parts from steel and aluminum. Major newspaper publishers retired Linotype and similar "hot metal" typesetting machines during the 1970s and 1980s, replacing them with phototypesetting equipment and later computerized typesetting and page composition systems. , the last-known newspaper still using linotype in the United States, and possibly the world, is The Saguache Crescent. Overview The linotype machine consists of four major sections: Magazine Keyboard Casting mechanism Distribution mechanism The operator interacts with the machine via the keyboard, composing lines of text. The other sections are automatic; they start as soon as a line is completely composed. Some linotype machines included a paper tape reader. This allowed the text to be typeset to be supplied over a telegraph line (TeleTypeSetter). It also allowed for several tape perforator operators to prepare paper tape to be processed by a single linotype machine, essentially decoupling the typing speed of the operators from the operating speed of the linotype machine. Design Matrices Each matrix contains the letter form for a single character of a font of type; i.e., a particular type design in a particular size. The letter form is engraved into one side of the matrix. For sizes up to 14 points, and in some matrices of size 16 to 24 points, the matrix has two letter forms on it, the normal and auxiliary positions. The normal position has the upright (Roman) form of a given character, and on the auxiliary, the slanted (Italic) form of that character will be used, but this can also be the boldface form or even a different font entirely. The machine operator can select which of the two will be cast by operating the auxiliary rail of the assembler, or, when setting entire lines of italics, by using the flap, which is a piece that can be turned under a portion of the first elevator column. This is the origin of the old typesetting terms upper rail for italic and lower rail for Roman characters. These terms have persisted in phototypesetting technology even though the mechanics of the auxiliary rail do not exist there. The character on a Linotype matrix, when viewed, is not inverted as a letter for conventional movable type would be, and the letter is incised below the surface rather than raised above it. This is because the matrix is not used directly to print onto the paper—rather, it is used as part of a mold from which a metal slug will be cast. The slug has its features reversed: therefore, the matrix does not. Magazine section The magazine section is the part of the machine where the matrices are held when not in use, and released as the operator touches keys on the keyboard. The magazine is a flat box with vertical separators that form "channels", one channel for each character in the font. Most main magazines have 90 channels, but those for larger fonts carried only 72 or even 55 channels. The auxiliary magazines used on some machines typically contained 34 channels or, for a magazine carrying larger fonts, 28 channels. The magazine holds a particular font of type; i.e., a particular type design in a particular size. If a different size or style was needed, the operator would switch to a different magazine. Many models of the Linotype machine could keep several magazines (as many as four) available at a time. In some of these, the operator could shift to a different magazine by raising or lowering the stack of magazines with a crank. Such machines would not allow mixing fonts within a single line. Others, such as the Models 25 and 26 allowed arbitrary mixing of text from two magazines within the same line, and the Model 9 extended this capability to mixing from up to four magazines within a single line. Escapement In a linotype machine, the term escapements refers to the mechanisms at the bottom of the magazine that release matrices one at a time as keys are pressed on the keyboard. There is an escapement for each channel in the magazine. Maintenance and lubrication To keep the matrices circulating smoothly throughout the machine, it is necessary that oil not be allowed anywhere near the matrix path. If oil is found in the matrix's path (due to careless maintenance or over-lubrication of nearby parts), it combines with dust, forming a gummy substance that is eventually deposited in the magazine by the matrices. The most common result is that the matrix will not be released from the magazine at its usual speed, and almost always results in a letter or two arriving out of sequence in the assembler — a "matrix transposition". When these machines were in heavy use, it was not uncommon for an operator to set type at the rate of over 4,000 ems per hour, with the fastest operators being able to exceed 10,000 ems per hour (approximately 10 to 30 words per minute in today's units) so careful lubrication and regular cleaning were essential to keep these machines operating at their full potential. Keyboard and composing section In the composing section, the operator enters the text for a line on the keyboard. Each keystroke releases a matrix from the magazine mounted above the keyboard. The matrix travels through channels to the assembler where the matrices are lined up side by side in the order they were released. When a space is needed, the operator touches the spaceband lever just to the left of the keyboard. This releases a spaceband from the spaceband box. Spacebands are stored separately from the matrices because they are too big to fit in the magazine. Once enough text has been entered for the line, the operator depresses the casting lever mounted on the front right corner of the keyboard. This lifts the completed line in the assembler up between two fingers in the "delivery channel", simultaneously tripping the catch holding it in position. The spring-operated delivery channel then transports the line into the casting section of the machine, and engages the clutch that drives the casting section and the subsequent transfer into the distribution section. The operator is now finished with the line; the remaining processing is automatic. While the line is being cast, the operator can continue entering text for the next line. Keyboard The keyboard has 90 keys. The usual arrangement is that black keys on the left were for small letters, white keys on the right were for capital letters, and blue keys in the center for numbers, punctuation marks, spaces, small caps and other items. There is no shift key of the kind found on typewriters. The arrangement of letters corresponds roughly to letter frequency, with the most frequently used letters on the left. The first two columns of keys are: e, t, a, o, i, n; and s, h, r, d, l, u. A Linotype operator would often deal with a typing error by running the fingers down these two rows	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Dependent source In the theory of electrical networks, a dependent source is a voltage source or a current source whose value depends on a voltage or current elsewhere in the network. Dependent sources are useful, for example, in modelling the behavior of amplifiers. A bipolar junction transistor can be modelled as a dependent current source whose magnitude depends on the magnitude of the current fed into its controlling base terminal. An operational amplifier can be described as a voltage source dependent on the differential input voltage between its input terminals. Practical circuit elements have properties such as finite power capacity, voltage, current, or frequency limits that mean an ideal source is only an approximate model. Accurate modelling of practical devices requires using several idealized elements in combination. Classification Dependent sources can be classified as follows: Voltage-controlled voltage source: The source delivers the voltage as per the voltage of the dependent element. Voltage-controlled current source: The source delivers the current as per the voltage of the dependent element. Current-controlled current source: The source delivers the current as per the current of the dependent element. Current-controlled voltage source: The source delivers the voltage as per the current of the dependent element. Dependent sources are not necessarily linear. For example, MOSFET switches can be modeled as a voltage-controlled current source when and . However, the relationship between the current flowing through it and is approximately: In this case, the current is not linear to , but rather approximately proportional to the square of . As for the case of linear dependent sources, the proportionality constant between dependent and independent variables is dimensionless if they are both currents (or both voltages). A voltage controlled by a current has a proportionality factor expressed in units of resistance (ohms), and this constant is sometimes called "transresistance". A current controlled by a voltage has the units of conductance (siemens), and is called "transconductance". Transconductance is a commonly used specification for measuring the performance of field effect transistors and vacuum tubes. See also Circuit theory Ground (electricity) Mathematical methods in electronics Open-circuit voltage Lumped-element model Distributed-element model Series and parallel circuits Superposition theorem SPICE Topology (electronics) Trancitor Mesh analysis References Category:Power supplies Category:Electrical power control	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Corrasion (album) Corrasion is third studio album released by the Canadian drone doom band Nadja. Originally released in 2003 and limited to 200 copies, the album was rerecorded and re-released with three bonus tracks on August 13, 2007. Track listing Bonus tracks Line-up Aidan Baker - guitars, vocals, drum machines, production Leah Buckareff - bass guitars Additional notes Track five on the rerelease, I Am as Earth, originally appeared on a split that Nadja did with Moss. Tracks six and seven on the rerelease on Nadja compilation albums. References Category:2003 albums Category:Nadja (band) albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Javier Velázquez Javier Rubén Velázquez (born February 3, 1984 in Zárate, Argentina) is an Argentine footballer currently playing for Talleres Córdoba of the Torneo Federal A in Argentina. Teams Defensores Unidos 2000-2005 Huracán de Comodoro Rivadavia 2005-2006 Defensores Unidos 2006-2009 Racing Club 2009 Independiente Rivadavia 2010-2011 Palestino 2011–2012 Independiente Rivadavia 2012 Instituto 2012-2015 Talleres Córdoba 2015– References Category:1984 births Category:Living people Category:Argentine footballers Category:Argentine expatriate footballers Category:Independiente Rivadavia footballers Category:Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers Category:Club Deportivo Palestino footballers Category:Talleres de Córdoba footballers Category:Chilean Primera División players Category:Argentine Primera División players Category:Expatriate footballers in Chile Category:Association footballers not categorized by position	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of Uchu Sentai Kyuranger characters is a Japanese tokusatsu drama and the 41st in the Super Sentai series. Taking place in the distant future of a parallel universe, the series follows twelve individuals chosen by the constellations to fight Jark Matter, an evil organization that has taken over the galaxy. Kyurangers The Kyurangers are a team of warriors composed of humanoids, androids, and some with animal-like features from different star systems whose powers derive from magical stones known as the Kyutamas. They are part of the , an insurrection army fighting to liberate the universe from the evil Jark Matter syndicate. They travel around space in a spaceship known as the , whose design pays homage to the homonymous character from Greek mythology and is named after an old ally of Tsurugi's. After the Orion is destroyed, they obtain a second, stronger ship known as the Battle Orion Ship. All Kyurangers are based on the Twelve Olympians (Dii Consentes). Each Kyuranger carries a , a gauntlet-like sidearm they use to both transform and access the powers of their Kyutama, such as when they perform the finisher (which also has two variations: with the first 11 Kyurangers and with all 12 Kyurangers), and a , which is composed of three separate parts (handle, lower blade, and upper blade). Each is assembled into one of nine different modes, according to the user's fighting style, as their main weapon and can be used to perform the finisher. They each possess a on their belts for them to access their Skill Kyutamas. Once the Kyurangers have been declared enemies of Jark Matter, the Shogunate establishes a bounty of 10.000.000 for each member. Due to the excess number of team members and to preserve the energy of the Kyutamas, only a limited number of Kyurangers are permitted to be deployed initially for each mission after being randomly chosen using a bingo tumbler-like device called the . The others remain on standby to assist them if needed. Once all nine Kyurangers have been assembled, the team decides to start their counterattack on Jark Matter by liberating Earth which is being tightly guarded by them for a yet unexplained reason. They later add three other members, one being their commander and two others from Earth. After obtaining the Tokei Kyutama, the team splits into two factions; one stays in the present to rescue one of their companions who has turned evil, while the other travels to the past to learn more about Jark Matter's leader, Don Armage. After they reunite again in the present, the Kyurangers depart from Earth to confront Don Armage on Planet Southern Cross in the Crux System. There they stop his Planedium Bomb from destroying the entire universe. They later return to Earth to confront and defeat Don Armage once and for all. Lucky/Shishi Red is a naïve young man with both amazing luck and a strong will from in the . Because of his interpersonal skills and faith in others, he becomes a key member of the Kyurangers, not only helping the entire team to gather, but also helping with their personal troubles on several occasions. Apparently a man who is blissfully unaware of Jark Matter's universal campaign, Lucky later learns that he is actually a refugee prince from in the . This eventually resulted in Lucky becoming his homeworld's king after it is revealed that his father Aslan was supposed to be murdered by Jark Matter's Fuku Shogun Kukulga years ago. He eventually finds out, along with Tsurugi, that Aslan is actually alive, but was turned into one of Don Armage's brainwashed thralls. Thanks to his fellow Kyurangers, Lucky agrees with their advice that their main priority is to save the entire universe first, in order to save his father from Don Armage's control. Lucky is also a descendant of Orion, meaning he and his royal family inherited the blood of the Orion and Leo Systems. After Don Armage is defeated, Lucky resumes his travels through the universe with Garu accompanying him. Despite his amazing luck, Lucky is subjected to constellation fortune and his prowess is badly affected when receiving bad luck. His luck and spirit is actually so much stronger than his ancestors. This makes him immune from having Don Armage project the fragments of his soul for his future resurrection onto Lucky's body. He transforms into . As the Shishi Red, Lucky's main weapon is the . Shishi Red has two finishers: via the Seiza Blaster and via the Kyu Sword. Unlike the others, Lucky's suit has no unique features. He is based on Zeus (Jupiter). Lucky is portrayed by . As a child, Lucky is portrayed by . Stinger/Sasori Orange is a cool, mysterious man with a scorpion-like tail that can conjure a poison in its stinger to poison his targets, organic and robot alike. He is from in the . Following his brother's betrayal of their planet, Stinger spent the rest of his life searching for him until he was scouted by Shou as the first Kyuranger, . Ever since that day, he spied on Jark Matter for the Rebellion until he exposed his cover on Earth to save Kotaro and Jiro. At one point, he was a witness to the death of Dr. Anton's good-half and was accused of murder by Champ before he cleared up the misunderstanding as the two became partners with Stinger's encounter with Mika Reetz reaffirming his goal to kill Scorpio. During his final battle with Scorpio, Stinger injected himself with own venom to use their people's technique to boost his strength while depleting his life. Fortunately, Scorpio extracted the poison from Stinger's body after being defeated by him. When Champ is kidnapped by none other than a still alive Dr. Anton, who is later revealed to be his evil-half in a robotic body, Stinger destroys the mind control chip within Champ's body, freeing him on behalf of Good Dr. Anton's spirit. After Don Armage is defeated, Stinger is promoted as a new commander of the Kyurangers. As the Sasori Orange, Stinger's main weapon is the . Sasori Orange has two finishers in his usual form: via the Seiza Blaster and via the Kyu Spear. When Sasori Orange uses the Ikkakuju Kyutama, he becomes whose finisher is the impalement attack. Stinger's suit differs from the others in that he retains his tail, which he can utilize as a weapon. He is based on Poseidon (Neptune). Stinger is portrayed by . As a child, Stinger is portrayed by . Garu/Ookami Blue is a wolf-like alien from the who lost his pride, homeworld, and entire clan to Jark Matter. He speaks in a Hiroshima accent and often ends his sentences with "~garu" and "~ja ke". He lived on , where refugees live, until Lucky helped him to recover from his trauma and move on to fight for his own life. While not the brightest or most patient, Garu is always reliable in battle and becomes Lucky's most trusted partner. He transforms into . After Don Armage is defeated, Garu now travels with Lucky through space. As the Ookami Blue, Garu's main weapon is the . When exposed to moonlight-like energy from Shishi Red Moon, he gains a power boost where his intelligence is increased to give him a more swift and elegant fighting style. Ookami Blue has two finishers: via the Seiza Blaster and via the Kyu Claw. Garu's suit differs from the others in that it has claws on both the boots and the gloves while the velvety fabric resembles wolf fur rather than spandex. It is complete with a furry collar. He is based on Apollo. Garu is voiced by . Balance/Tenbin Gold is a mechanical life form with the ability to control machines from the . He is the youngest member of his clan despite having lived for about 300 years. He is smooth-talking and dramatic. He met Naga during a robbery on the Ophiucus System and formed the duo. Since then, the two either started stealing goods from Jark Matter or served as bounty hunters for said faction until their encounter with Lucky and the Kyurangers allowed them to unlock their Kyutamas and join the Rebellion. He transforms into . After Don Armage's defeat, Balance and Naga restart their BN Thieves team, dedicating themselves to salvaging treasures pilfered by Jark Matter. As the Tenbin Gold, Balance's main weapon is the . When exposed to sunlight-like energy from Taiyou Shishi Red, he gains a power boost where his speed and agility are increased to give him a more rapid-fire attack fighting style. Tenbin Gold has two finishers: via the Seiza Blaster and via the Kyu Crossbow. Balance's suit differs from the others in that it is more mechanical and resembles armor rather than spandex. He is based on Hermes (Mercury). Balance is voiced by . Champ/Oushi Black is a bull-themed fighting robot from the , happy-go	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Flamingo, Finland Flamingo Entertainment Centre is the biggest entertainment centre in the Nordic countries. It is located in Vantaa next to the Jumbo Shopping Centre. Flamingo was opened in 2008 and there is a hotel, variety of entertainment activities (eg. a movie theater, spa, bowling, laser games, virtual experiences) and 40 different stores under its roof. Services Flamingo has entertainment for kids and adults. Flamingo has the biggest indoor water park in Finland. In addition to normal swimming pools there are several water slides, kids pool and Jacuzzi. There is also a spa and wellness section for adults, with different kinds of saunas and relaxing and wellness treatments. Spa and wellness section is for adults only (18 years and above). Flamingo also has a bowling alley, a laser tag arena, a minigolf, an kids escape room, a 6-screen cinema, a gym, a hotel and numerous shops and restaurants. There is a bridge that connects Flamingo with shopping centre Jumbo. Location and transportation Flamingo is located on the side of Ring III, next to the shopping centre Jumbo. Helsinki-Vantaa Airport is also located near Flamingo. Car There are 800 parking spots in Flamingo that are free for 5 hours. The parking lot is guarded by Q-Park. Entrance to the parking lot is from the Tasetie, next to the main entrance of Flamingo. Public transportation Flamingo is well served by the buses of the Helsinki Region Transport (HRT) around the clock. It takes only few minutes from airport to Flamingo by buses 615 and 617. The bus stop for these buses is right next to Flamingo. The other option is to take the train I to Aviapolis railway station and take the bus 561 or 562 from there. Other buses: from Tikkurila railway station the bus 562, from Myyrmäki railway station the buses 571, 572, 574, from Helsinki city centre buses 614, 615, 415. References Category:Shopping centres in Vantaa	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1996 Australian Open – Mixed Doubles Natasha Zvereva and Rick Leach were the defending champions but only Leach competed that year, with Rennae Stubbs. Stubbs and Leach lost in the first round to Rene Simpson and Daniel Nestor. Larisa Neiland and Mark Woodforde won in the final 4–6, 7–5, 6–0 against Nicole Arendt and Luke Jensen. Seeds Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated. Draw Final Top Half Bottom Half References 1996 ITF Australian Open Mixed Doubles Draw Australian Open - Mixed Doubles Mixed Doubles Category:Australian Open (tennis) by year – Mixed Doubles	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cao Cao may refer to: Companies or organizations Air China Cargo, ICAO airline designator CAO CA Oradea, Romanian football club CA Osasuna, Spanish football club Canadian Association of Orthodontists Central Allocation Office, cross border electricity transmission capacity auction office Central Applications Office, Irish organisation that oversees college applications Civil Aviation Office of Poland Iran Civil Aviation Organization Office of the Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman Job titles Chief administrative officer of a company Chief accounting officer of a company Chief Academic Officer of a University, often titled the Provost Chief analytics officer of a company Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman, an independent office that reviews complaints Names Cao (Chinese surname) (曹) Cao (Vietnamese surname) People Cao Yupeng, a snooker player Cao Cao (died 220), founder of Cao Wei, China Diogo Cão, a 15th-century Portuguese explorer Joseph Cao (born 1967), United States politician Lady of Cao, a Moche mummy, Peru Longbing Cao (born 1969), data scientist Places Cao (state), a Chinese vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty (1046 - 221 BCE) Cao Wei, also called Wei, one of the regimes that competed for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period (220 - 280 CE) Cao County, Shandong, China Other uses Cão!, an album by Portuguese band Ornatos Violeta CA Osasuna, a Spanish sport club Controller Access Object, as described in the ORiN robot interface The chemical symbol for calcium oxide Chlorophyllide-a oxygenase, an enzyme Cold air outbreak, an intense and/or prolonged cold weather wave of air	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Camille Norment Camille Norment (born 1970 in Silver Spring, Maryland) is an Oslo-based multimedia artist who works with sound, installation, sculpture, drawing, performance and video. Norment also works as a musician and composer. She performs with Vegar Vårdal and Håvard Skaset in Camille Norment Trio. Education and career Norment studied interactive technologies at New York University and literary science and history of art at the University of Michigan. In the late 1990s, Norment worked at Interval Research, a research and development technology laboratory co-founded by Paul Allen and David Liddle. There, she worked on haptically manipulating media, among other projects. In 2015 the Office for Contemporary Art Norway (OCA) selected her to represent Norway in the Nordic Pavilion at the Venice Biennale, where she presented her work "Rapture". Additionally, Norment has completed several commissioned works to public spaces, amongst others the sound installation "Within the Toll" (2011) for Henie Onstad Kunstsenter and her 2008 work "Triplight", which in 2013 was featured at the entrance of the MoMA exhibition "Soundings: A Contemporary Score." In 2017 Camille Norment presented a solo exhibition at Oslo Kunstforening. This constituted her first solo presentation in Norway. Public art "Dead Room", 2000, The Project, New York. "Triplight", 2008, September Gallery, Berlin, Germany "Within the Toll", 2011, Henie Onstad Kunstsenter Musical work Within the Camille Norment Trio, Norment notably plays the glass armonica, electric guitar, and the Hardanger fiddle. Her own armonica is composed of 24 glass bowls ranging two octaves. Norment has described the sound of the armonica as "...extremely visceral. It's a very pure crystalline sound." References External links Official website Category:21st-century women artists Category:1970 births Category:Living people Category:New York University alumni Category:University of Michigan alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Wheel of the Year The Wheel of the Year is an annual cycle of seasonal festivals, observed by many modern Pagans, consisting of the year's chief solar events (solstices and equinoxes) and the midpoints between them. While names for each festival vary among diverse pagan traditions, syncretic treatments often refer to the four solar events as "quarter days" and the four midpoint events as "cross-quarter days", particularly in Wicca. Differing sects of modern Paganism also vary regarding the precise timing of each celebration, based on distinctions such as lunar phase and geographic hemisphere. Observing the cycle of the seasons has been important to many people, both ancient and modern. Contemporary Pagan festivals that rely on the Wheel are based to varying degrees on folk traditions, regardless of actual historical pagan practices. Among Wiccans, each festival is also referred to as a sabbat (), based on Gerald Gardner's claim that the term was passed down from the Middle Ages, when the terminology for Jewish Shabbat was commingled with that of other heretical celebrations. Contemporary conceptions of the Wheel of the Year calendar were largely influenced by mid-20th century British Paganism. Origins Historical and archaeological evidence suggests ancient pagan and polytheist peoples varied in their cultural observations; Anglo-Saxons celebrated the solstices and equinoxes, while Celts celebrated the seasonal divisions with various fire festivals. In the 10th century Cormac Mac Cárthaigh wrote about "four great fires...lighted up on the four great festivals of the Druids...in February, May, August, and November." The contemporary Neopagan festival cycle, prior to being known as the Wheel of the Year, was influenced by works such as The Golden Bough by James George Frazer (1890) and The Witch-Cult in Western Europe (1921) by Margaret Murray. Frazer claimed that Beltane (the beginning of summer) and Samhain (the beginning of winter) were the most important of the four Gaelic festivals mentioned by Cormac. Murray used records from early modern witch trials, as well as the folklore surrounding European witchcraft, in an attempt to identify the festivals celebrated by a supposedly widespread underground pagan religion that had survived into the early modern period. Murray reports a 1661 trial record from Forfar, Scotland, where the accused witch (Issobell Smyth) is connected with meetings held "every quarter at Candlemas, Rud−day, Lambemas, and Hallomas." In The White Goddess (1948) Robert Graves claimed that, despite Christianization, the importance of agricultural and social cycles had preserved the "continuity of the ancient British festal system" consisting of eight holidays: "English social life was based on agriculture, grazing, and hunting" implicit in "the popular celebration of the festivals now known as Candlemas, Lady Day, May Day, Midsummer Day, Lammas, Michaelmas, All-Hallowe'en, and Christmas; it was also secretly preserved as religious doctrine in the covens of the anti-Christian witch-cult." By the late 1950s the Bricket Wood coven led by Gerald Gardner and the Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids led by Ross Nichols had both adopted eight-fold ritual calendars, in order to hold more frequent celebrations. Popular legend holds that Gardner and Nichols developed the calendar during a naturist retreat, where Gardner argued for a celebration of the solstices and equinoxes while Nichols argued for a celebration of the four Celtic fire festivals, and combined the two ideas into a single festival cycle. Though this coordination eventually had the benefit of more closely aligning celebrations between the two early Neopagan groups, Gardner's first published writings omit any mention of the solstices and equinoxes, focusing exclusively on the fire festivals. Gardner initially referred to these as "May eve, August eve, November eve (Hallowe'en), and February eve." Gardner further identified these modern witch festivals with the Gaelic fire festivals Beltene, Lugnasadh, Samhuin, and Brigid. By the mid-1960s, the phrase Wheel of the Year had been coined to describe the yearly cycle of witches' holidays. Aidan Kelly gave names to the summer solstice (Litha) and equinox holidays (Ostara and Mabon) of Wicca in 1974, and these were popularized by Timothy Zell through his magazine Green Egg. Popularization of these names happened gradually; in her 1978 book Witchcraft For Tomorrow influential Wiccan Doreen Valiente did not use Kelly's names, instead simply identifying the solstices and equinoxes ("Lesser Sabbats") by their seasons. Valiente identified the four "Greater Sabbats", or fire festivals, by the names Candlemas, May Eve, Lammas, and Hallowe'en, though she also identified their Irish counterparts as Imbolc, Beltane, Lughnassadh, and Samhain. Due to early Wicca's influence on Modern Paganism and the syncretic adoption of Anglo-Saxon and Celtic motifs, the most commonly used English festival names for the Wheel of the Year tend to be the Celtic ones introduced by Gardner and the mostly Germanic-derived names introduced by Kelly, even when the celebrations are not based on those cultures. The American Ásatrú movement has adopted, over time, a calendar in which the Heathen major holidays figure alongside many Days of Remembrance which celebrate heroes of the Edda and the Sagas, figures of Germanic history, and the Viking Leif Ericson, who explored and settled Vinland (North America). These festivals are not, however, as evenly distributed throughout the year as in Wicca and other Heathen denominations. Festivals In many traditions of modern Pagan cosmology, all things are considered to be cyclical, with time as a perpetual cycle of growth and retreat tied to the Sun's annual death and rebirth. This cycle is also viewed as a micro- and macrocosm of other life cycles in an immeasurable series of cycles composing the Universe. The days that fall on the landmarks of the yearly cycle traditionally mark the beginnings and middles of the four seasons. They are regarded with significance and host to major communal festivals. These eight festivals are the most common times for community celebrations. While the "major" festivals are usually the quarter and cross-quarter days, other festivals are also celebrated throughout the year, especially among the non-Wiccan traditions such as those of polytheistic reconstructionism and other ethnic traditions. In Wiccan and Wicca-influenced traditions, the festivals, being tied to solar movements, have generally been steeped in solar mythology and symbolism, centered on the life cycles of the sun. Similarly, the Wiccan esbats are traditionally tied to the lunar cycles. Together, they represent the most common celebrations in Wiccan-influenced forms of Neopaganism, especially in contemporary Witchcraft groups. Winter Solstice (Yule) Midwinter, known commonly as Yule or within modern Druid traditions as Alban Arthan, has been recognised as a significant turning point in the yearly cycle since the late Stone Age. The ancient megalithic sites of Newgrange and Stonehenge, carefully aligned with the solstice sunrise and sunset, exemplify this. The reversal of the Sun's ebbing presence in the sky symbolizes the rebirth of the solar god and presages the return of fertile seasons. From Germanic to Roman tradition, this is the most important time of celebration. Practices vary, but sacrifice offerings, feasting, and gift giving are common elements of Midwinter festivities. Bringing sprigs and wreaths of evergreenery (such as holly, ivy, mistletoe, yew, and pine) into the home and tree decorating are also common during this time. In Roman traditions additional festivities take place during the six days leading up to Midwinter. Imbolc (Candlemas) The cross-quarter day following Midwinter falls on the first of February and traditionally marks the first stirrings of spring. It aligns with the contemporary observance of Groundhog Day. It is time for purification and spring cleaning in anticipation of the year's new life. In Rome, it was historically a shepherd's holiday, while the Celts associated it with the onset of ewes' lactation, prior to birthing the spring lambs. For Celtic pagans, the festival is dedicated to the goddess Brigid, daughter of The Dagda and one of the Tuatha Dé Danann. Among Reclaiming tradition Witches, this is the traditional time for pledges and rededications for the coming year and for initiation among Dianic Wiccans. Spring Equinox (Ostara) Derived from a reconstruction produced by linguist Jacob Grimm of an Old High German form of the Old English goddess name Ēostre, Ostara marks the vernal equinox in some modern Pagan traditions. Known as Alban Eilir, meaning Light of the Earth, to modern Druid traditions, this holiday is the second of three spring celebrations (the midpoint between Imbolc and Beltane), during which light and darkness are again in balance, with light on the rise. It is a time of new beginnings and of life emerging further from the grips of winter.	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Norman Peterkin George Norman Peterkin (Liverpool, 21 December 1886 - Guildford, 15 December 1982), known to all as Norman, was an English composer and music publisher. He is perhaps best known today for his brief song “I heard a piper piping”. Peterkin was born in Liverpool and was mostly self-taught in music. He started work with the local organ builder Rushworth & Dreaper in the late 1900s, moving to their Singapore office in 1911, and later to Hong Kong. While there he established himself as a pianist and also began to compose, much influenced by Cyril Scott. He returned to England in 1918. In 1924 he became second-in-command to Hubert Foss at the Oxford University Press Music Department (which had published some of his songs), taking over as head of department when Foss resigned in 1941. The strain of keeping things going almost alone throughout the war exhausted him, and he asked for early retirement at the end of 1947. He was succeeded at OUP by Alan Frank. As a composer, Peterkin wrote mostly songs and a few short piano pieces. Most of these were composed during his stay abroad, on his return to Liverpool in the early 1920s and then on to London. His contemporaries there were Peter Warlock and Bernard van Dieren. He also became friendly with Kaikhosru Sorabji and Elizabeth Poston, whom he encouraged. Sorabji dedicated four of his works to Peterkin. Recordings The Songs of Norman Peterkin Charlotte de Rothschild (soprano), Adrian Farmer (piano) Lyrita Records References Category:1886 births Category:1982 deaths Category:English composers See also Klemm, Gustav.Norman Peterkin: The Man and his Music, in Monthly Musical Record, 1933. Chisholm, Alastair. A tribute to Norman Peterkin, 1982.	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Colón Department, Córdoba Colón Department is a department of Córdoba Province in Argentina. The provincial subdivision has a population of about 171,067 inhabitants in an area of , and its capital city is Jesús María, which is located from Buenos Aires. Settlements Agua de Oro Ascochinga Colonia Caroya Colonia Tirolesa Colonia Vicente Agüero Dumesnil El Manzano Estación General Paz Estación Juárez Celman Jesús María La Calera La Granja Malvinas Argentinas Mendiolaza Mi Granja Río Ceballos Saldán Salsipuedes Tinoco Unquillo Villa Allende Villa Cerro Azul Category:Departments of Córdoba Province, Argentina	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (abbreviated Li-NMC, LNMC, NMC or NCM) are mixed oxides of lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt. They have the general formula LiNixMnyCozO2. The most important representatives have a composition with x + y + z = 1 and are closely related to lithium cobalt(III) oxide (LiCoO2) and have a layered structure like these. Nowadays, NMCs they are among the most important storage materials for lithium ions in lithium ion batteries. They are used there on the positive pole side, which acts as the cathode during discharge. Use of NMC accumulators NMC batteries are found in most electric cars. NMC batteries were installed in the BMW ActiveE in 2011/2011, and from 2013 in the BMW i8. Electric cars with NMC batteries include, as of 2020: Audi e-tron GE, BAIC EU5 R550, BMW i3, BYD Yuan EV535, Chevrolet Bolt, Hyundai Kona Electric, Jaguar I-Pace, Jiangling Motors JMC E200L, NIO ES6, Nissan Leaf S Plus, Renault ZOE, Roewe Ei5, VW e-Golf and VW ID.3. There are only a few electric car manufacturers that do not use NMC in their traction batteries. The most important exception is Tesla, as Tesla uses NCA batteries for its vehicles. However, the home storage Tesla Powerwall is said to be based on NMC. NMC is also used for mobile electronics such as mobile phones/smartphones, laptops in most pedelec batteries. For these applications, batteries with lithium cobalt oxide LCO were still used almost exclusively in 2008. Another application of NMC batteries are battery storage power stations. In Korea, for example, two such storage systems with NMC for frequency regulation were installed in 2016: one with 16 MW capacity and 6 MWh energy and one with 24 MW and 9 MWh. In 2017/2018, a battery with over 30 MW capacity and 11 MWh was installed and commissioned in Newman in the Australian state of Western Australia. Properties of NMC accumulators The cell voltage of lithium ion batteries with NMC is 3.6–3.7 V. References Category:Manganese compounds Category:Lithium compounds Category:Nickel compounds Category:Cobalt compounds Category:Oxygen compounds	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
East Brunswick Township East Brunswick Township may refer to the following townships in the United States: East Brunswick Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey East Brunswick Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cal Poly San Luis Obispo College of Architecture and Environmental Design The California Polytechnic State University College of Architecture and Environmental Design (or CAED) is one of Cal Poly San Luis Obispo's six colleges. Cal Poly's CAED program has nearly 1,900 students and is one of the largest programs in the United States. The college offers bachelor's degrees in five departments, as well as two master's degree programs. General information In the 2014 edition of "America's Best Architecture & Design Schools" published by the leading architecture and design journal DesignIntelligence, Cal Poly was rated the No. 1 undergraduate architecture program in the nation. The landscape architecture program is ranked No. 1 in the Western region and No. 4 in the nation. Departments Architectural Engineering Department Head Allan Estes. The Architectural Engineering department is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology to offer Bachelor of Science (BS) degrees. Architecture Department Head Margot McDonald.The Architecture department is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB), and offers both Bachelor of Architecture (BArch) and Masters of Science in Architecture (MS-Arch) degrees. The undergraduate program is a five-year program. About one in twenty architects in the United States, and one in five in California, are graduates of Cal Poly. The journal DesignIntelligence has continually ranked the architecture program among the top 10 in the nation in its annual edition of "America's Best Architecture & Design Schools. More specifically, Cal Poly's undergraduate architecture program placed sixth in 2007, fourth in 2008, third in 2009, third in 2010, fourth in 2011, fourth in 2012, and fifth in 2013. In 2014, Cal Poly's program ranked first. City and Regional Planning Department Head Hemalata Dandekar.The City and Regional Planning department is accredited by the Planning Accreditation Board and offers Bachelor of Science in City and Regional Planning (BSCRP) and Master of City and Regional Planning (MCRP) degrees. Construction Management Department Head Allan J. Hauck.The Construction Management department is accredited by the American Council for Construction Education. Landscape Architecture Interim Department Head Omar Faruque.The Landscape Architecture department is accredited by the Landscape Architectural Accreditation Board and offers Bachelor of Landscape Architecture (BL Arch) degrees. Admissions For freshmen entering Fall 2017, the College of Architecture and Environmental Design accepted 38% of applicants (805 accepted/2,114 applied); entering freshmen had an average GPA of 3.97, average ACT Composite of 29, and average SAT score of 1314. See also Architecture Landscape architecture Urban planning Regional planning Environmental design California Polytechnic State University Notes References Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo - College of Architecture and Environmental Design, university-directory.eu External links California Polytechnic State University California Polytechnic State University College of Architecture & Environmental Design Category:Universities and colleges in San Luis Obispo County, California Category:Buildings and structures in San Luis Obispo, California Category:California Polytechnic State University Category:Architecture schools in California Category:Landscape architecture schools Category:Educational institutions established in 1948 Category:1948 establishments in California	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Death and Diamonds (film) Death and Diamonds () is a 1968 German thriller film directed by Harald Reinl and starring George Nader, Carl Möhner, and Heinz Weiss. It was part of the Jerry Cotton series of films about an FBI agent. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ernst H. Albrecht. Location shooting took place in Los Angeles, Berlin and the Dalmatian coast. Plot Jerry Cotton goes undercover to take out a criminal organisation including its bosses. Disguised as a British specialist for alarm systems he joins the gang which has a preference for diamonds. Taking part in their current activities he tries to get to their leaders. Although he works as prudent as he can he arouses suspicion and becomes a target himself. Cast References Bibliography External links Category:1968 films Category:West German films Category:1960s action thriller films Category:1960s heist films Category:1960s sequel films Category:1960s spy thriller films Category:German action thriller films Category:German sequel films Category:German spy thriller films Category:German heist films Category:German-language films Category:Films directed by Harald Reinl Category:Films set in the United States Category:Films based on crime novels Category:Films based on German novels Category:Constantin Film films Category:Films shot at Tempelhof Studios	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tiran, Iran Tiran (, also Romanized as Tīrān; also known as Tehrān, Tihrān, and Tirūn) is a city in and the capital of Tiran and Karvan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15,673, in 4,431 families. References Category:Populated places in Tiran and Karvan County Category:Cities in Isfahan Province	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
HMS Arrow Seven ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Arrow, after the projectile: , a 20-gun sloop launched in 1796 that the French frigates and captured near Gibraltar on 4 February 1805; she sank the same day , a 14-gun cutter launched at Deptford Dockyard on 7 September 1805, and converted to a breakwater in May 1815. Broken up in May 1828. , a 10-gun cutter launched at Portsmouth on 14 March 1823 and broken up in January 1852. , a 477-ton wooden screw dispatch vessel launched at Leamouth on 26 June 1854 and sold on 19 May 1862. , an Ant-class iron gunboat launched at Greenwich on 22 April 1871 and sold on 1 March 1922. , launched 1929, was an destroyer that served in World War II and was damaged beyond repair in Algiers harbour in 1944 when an ammunition ship exploded. The hulk was broken up in May 1949. , launched 1974, was a Type 21 frigate that served in the Falklands War. She was sold to Pakistan in 1994 and renamed . The Royal Australian Navy had a 146-ton patrol boat . Launched on 17 February 1968, it was wrecked on 25 December 1974 at Darwin, Australia during Cyclone Tracy. Battle honours Ships named Arrow have earned the following battle honours: Copehagen, 1801 Cape Tenez, 1805 San Sebastian, 1813 Crimea, 1854−55 Norway, 1940 Atlantic, 1940−43 North Sea, 1942 Libya, 1942 Malta Convoys, 1942 Sicily, 1943 Falkland Islands, 1982 References Category:Royal Navy ship names	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Shay Elliott Memorial Race The Shay Elliott Memorial race is a one-day race held in Spring in Ireland. It is run in honour of former Irish professional cyclist Seamus Shay Elliott. The race was previously known as the Route de Chill Mhantain. It became the Shay Elliott Trophy in the late sixties, then the Shay Elliott Memorial after his death in 1971. The race is the most prestigious Irish one-day event after the national championships. History In 1958, the first Route de Chill Mhantáin was held, organised by Bray Wheelers, a cycling club from Bray, Co. Wicklow. It was devised by Joe Loughman one of the main organisers of the club who wanted to make a tough race over the Wicklow Mountains. The race begins and finishes in Bray after taking a loop that goes over the Wicklow Mountains including the steep ascent of the Old Wicklow Gap, locally known as Croghan, as well as the Glenmalure climb where there is the Shay Elliott monument. The Route de Chill Mhantáin was the first open massed start race that Bray Wheelers had organised. The first edition was won by John Lackey. The race was renamed ‘The Shay Elliott Memorial’ in later years. The trophy presented each year was won by Elliott himself as a prize for best amateur in France in 1955. Winners of the race include the best of Irish cycling including two-time champion Sean Kelly (who was the only rider to have won the race while still a junior), former professional Peter Crinnion, two time Tour of Ireland winner Pat McQuaid, Peter Doyle (the first rider to win the Tour of Ireland and the Ras Tailteann) and Phil Cassidy (a two-time winner of the Ras Tailteann). In 2002 the race became an international race. The 2015 edition of the race was won by former Track World Champion Martyn Irvine. References Past winners External links Official Website of the organisers of the Shay Elliot Memorial –Bray Wheelers Category:Cycle races in Ireland Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1958 Category:1958 establishments in Ireland Category:Men's road bicycle races Category:Spring (season) events in the Republic of Ireland	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Timeline of the Mensalão scandal The Mensalão scandal () took place in Brazil in 2005 and threatened to bring down the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Mensalão is a neologism and variant of the word for "big monthly payment" (salário mensal or mensalidade). June 8 June 2005 - A CPI is installed to investigate alleged corruption in the Post Office after the testimony of Roberto Jefferson. Workers Party treasurer Delúbio Soares denied the claims in a press conference and said that he would authorize the investigation of all of his personal bank accounts. 14 June - Additional testimony of Roberto Jefferson in front of the Council of Ethics of the Chamber of the Deputies. Jefferson says that he informed the ministers Aldo Rebelo, , Ciro Gomes, Miro Teixeira, José Dirceu and Antônio Palocci about the alleged payments. Palocci and Dirceu deny they were warned by Jefferson; Rebelo, Guia, and Gomes, and Teixeira confirm that Jefferson warned them about the existence of the "mensalão". Roberto Jefferson states that José Dirceu should resign from the government "quickly". 16 June - Minister of Civilian Household José Dirceu resigns. Dirceu was labeled by his opponents the "Rasputin" of the government because he was a strong figure with influence over President Lula. 17 June - Roberto Jefferson leaves the presidency of the Brazilian Labour Party (PTB) 22 June - Deputy Raquel Teixeira (Goiás) testifying in front of the Council of Ethics confirms that on 18 February 2004 deputy Sandro Mabel of the Liberal Party (PL) invited her to leave the PSDB in exchange for a monthly payment if she also promised to support the government. According to Raquel, the offer was R$30,000 (about 12,913 USD) a month - which could be increased up to a sum of R$50,000 (about 21,521 USD) with R$1 million ($430,420) as a "bonus" at the end of the year. Raquel says she denounced the request and spoke to the governor of Goiás Marconi Perillo about it. 22 June - Governor Marconi Perillo (PSDB-Goiás) tells the Council of Ethics that on 5 March 2004 during an official visit of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to the food enterprise Perdigão S.A. in Rio Verde, he notified and warned the president about the offer received by deputy Raquel Teixeira (PSDB-Goiás). 30 June – With his left eye injured due to an accident moving an armoire - Deputy Roberto Jefferson (PTB-Rio de Janeiro) testifies to the Post Office CPI. Jefferson says that the agency of the Rural Bank at the 9th floor of Brasilia Shopping mall is used to withdraw the money of mensalão since the delivery by suitcases got very risky. July 4 July – Workers Party member Silvio Pereira resigns from his post as secretary general of the party. According to Jefferson he was the manager of the "mensalão". 4 July – The magazine Veja publishes photos of a contract from the Bank BMG S/A indicating Marcos Valério as the guarantor of a 17 February 2003 R$2.4 million bank loan to the Workers Party (PT). The document was signed by Workers Party President José Genoíno and party treasurer Delúbio Soares. Genoino claimed that he didn’t read the document when he signed it. Valério had paid back the first R$300,000 of the loan. 5 July – Workers Party (PT) treasurer Delúbio Soares resigned. Deputy (leader of the PMDB) claimed that Valério, despite not having a public post, directly took part in the nomination of directors for strategic positions in state-run enterprises. Valério denied the claim. 6 July – It is discovered that Marcos Valério had moved more than R$800 million within his bank accounts in the past 3 years. 6 July – Marcos Valério testified before the Post Office CPI and maintained that he did not do anything illegal. The veracity of his testimony was questioned by parliamentarians and many political analysts because Valério spoke under a preemptive habeas corpus (exempting the individual from certain legal sanctions for not telling the truth) granted by Brazilian courts. 6 July – Deputy (PL-RJ), former bishop of the Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (Universal Church of the Kingdom of God) denied involvement in the scandal. 7 July – It became public that the Bank of Brazil (BB) had loaned R$20 million to the Workers' Party without any guarantor or guarantees. The CPI for the Post Office began to investigate loans to the Workers’ Party. There were also new claims that members or supporters of the Workers' Party had unique control of the bank. 7 July – The bank, postal, and telephone records of Roberto Jefferson, Delúbio Soares, José Genoíno and José Dirceu were subpoenaed. 8 July - José Adalberto Vieira da Silva, an adviser to deputy José Nobre Guimarães, who is the brother of Workers’ Party President José Genoíno, was detained at Cumbica airport in Guarulhos (SP) with US$100,000 in cash stuffed in his underpants and R$200,000 in his luggage. 9 July - Workers' Party president José Genoíno resigns. 12 July - Lula completes a ministerial reform which includes the removal of cabinet-level ministerial status from Luiz Gushiken, the Secretariat of Government Communication and Strategic Management (Secom), who had been suspected of having questionable relationships with pensions firms under his jurisdiction. 14 July – Mauro Marcelo, director of the Agência Brasileira de Inteligência (Abin), resigns after calling the Post Office CPI a "circus ring" and their members "wild beasts". Henrique Pizzolato, director of Marketing and Communications for the Banco do Brasil petitions for retirement. Several days earlier, Fernanda Karina Somaggio, former secretary of Marcos Valério had accused the director of being part of the circle that connected Valério to the government. Pizzolato had already been attacked because he used Banco do Brasil funds to pay for a Brazilian country music (sertaneja) concert which returned profits to the Workers Party (PT). 15 July - During an interview with the national newscast Jornal Nacional (Rede Globo) Marcos Valério admits that the funds in his bank accounts were used as loans to the Workers Party (PT), thereby administering an illegal off-book accounting scheme for the party. 15 July - A number of non-governmental parties assert that Valerio's concessions are actually a strategy to reduce the apparent severity of the crimes since the penalties for off-book accounting are less severe. Some parliamentarians on the CPI recall the "Uruguay Operation", a fictitious financial entity created by some supporters of the impeached President Fernando Collor de Mello to explain his alleged large financial gains. The deputy Eduardo Paes (PSDB-RJ) labels the Marcos Valério claims as the "Paraguay Operation" as an allusion to this episode. The Paraguayan ambassador to Brazil Luis González Arias protests against the use of the name of his country in this "pejorative manner". 17 July - During an interview to Rede Globo, Workers Party treasurer Delúbio Soares says that the only impropriety he committed was the use of off-book accounting as described by the businessman Marcos Valério two days earlier. 17 July - In Paris for the Bastille Day celebrations, Brazilian President Lula says during an exclusive interview with a Brazilian freelance journalist aired in Brazil by Rede Globo that off-book accounting is a "common practice in Brazil". 19 July - The former secretary-general of the Workers Party (PT) Silvio Pereira testifies with habeas corpus protection before the CPI on the Post Office. He does not explain how he received a Land Rover from an employee of the firm GDK whose president César Oliveira Silvio he admits to knowing. GDK had won a major contract of R$90 million together with Petrobras in 2004. Silvio Pereira, whose salary as a worker of the PT is R$9,000 per month, is accused of living a lifestyle incompatible with his inheritance and income, including a penthouse apartment in São Paulo and a mansion in Ilhabela 19 July - The subpoenaed bank records of Marcos Valério and his businesses reveal connections to the leaders of a number of parties, including the PT. The then former President of the House of Deputies João Paulo Cunha (PT-SP) appears to be the beneficiary of a withdrawal of R$50 thousand made by wife. This information denies his previous claim that his wife was seen at the Banco Rural branch only while paying a cable television bill. It is also discovered that there were withdrawals of R$320 thousand made by Anita Leocádia, an advisor to the leader of the PT in the House Paulo Rocha (PT-BA), in addition to numerous other withdrawals made by advisors to PT members and other party leaders. 20 July - The Vote Buying Congressional Inquiry (CP	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Scott Gordon (soccer) Scott Joseph Gordon (born April 6, 1988) is an American soccer player. Career College and amateur Gordon grew up in Boca Raton, Florida, attended Spanish River High School, and began his college soccer career at Mercer University, transferring to Lynn University prior to his sophomore year in 2007. After missing all of 2008 due to injury Gordon returned to the field for his junior season in 2009, appearing in 12 games and receiving an All-Sunshine State Conference Honorable Mention. He finished his college career with 28 games, logging five goals, four assists and 14 points. He was a two-time All-Sunshine State Conference honoree, and collected NSCAA All-South Region recognition honors as a senior. During his college years Gordon also played for the Baton Rouge Capitals in the USL Premier Development League, scoring one goal in 14 games and helping the Capitals to the PDL national playoff semi finals in 2010. Professional Gordon was drafted in the third round (53rd overall) of the 2011 MLS SuperDraft by FC Dallas, after a standout performance in a friendly organized by Ft. Lauderdale Strikers scout Marcelo Castillo vs the United States U20 national team just days before the MLS SuperDraft, but was not offered a professional contract by the team. Gordon subsequently signed with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers of the North American Soccer League and made his professional debut—and scored his first professional goal—for the Strikers on April 29, 2011 in a 2–2 tie with the Puerto Rico Islanders. On March 16, 2012, Chivas USA signed Gordon from the Fort Lauderdale Strikers. Chivas USA waived Gordon on July 6, 2012. Career statistics Statistics accurate as of March 29, 2013 References External links Lynn profile Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:American soccer players Category:Lynn Fighting Knights men's soccer players Category:Baton Rouge Capitals players Category:Fort Lauderdale Strikers players Category:Chivas USA players Category:USL League Two players Category:North American Soccer League players Category:Major League Soccer players Category:FC Dallas draft picks Category:Soccer players from Florida Category:Sportspeople from Boca Raton, Florida Category:Association football defenders Category:Boca Raton FC players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Merritt Island Dragon The Merritt Island Dragon or Merrit Island River Dragon was a dragon-shaped green concrete structure that stood at the southern tip of Merritt Island, known as Dragon Point, where the Indian River Lagoon splits to form the Banana River Lagoon. The dragon was built in 1971 by Florida artist Lewis VanDercar and property owner Aynn Christal. In 1981, the statue was expanded for new property owner Warren McFadden, with the addition of a tail, an extended neck, two cavepeople a caveman named Fred and a cavewoman named Wilma and four hatchling dragons named Joy, Sunshine, Charity, and Freedom. The statues were located in the city of Melbourne, Florida, north of the Eau Gallie Causeway. The dragon was created from of concrete and steel, and stood high and long. Known as "Annie", the dragon served as a landmark for both locals and boaters, and also as a playhouse for children. On special occasions, the dragon would breathe fire. In August 2002, the sculpture was badly damaged, and partially collapsed into the water during a storm; vandalism was blamed for contributing to the statue's destruction. The owner and the Brevard County Commissioners were unable to agree on a rehabilitation effort; there was a plan in 2004 to reconstruct the sculpture, while in 2008, a developer planned a luxury hotel and spa on the Dragon Point site with a reconstructed dragon statue as its centerpiece, but both plans fell through. A children's book about the dragon, River Dragon: A Real Florida Fairy Tale, was published in 2003. Save Dragon Point, an organization dedicated to rebuilding the dragon statue, was founded in May 2012. In August, the mansion on the property where the dragon had stood was scheduled to be demolished and the property sold. Save Dragon Point changed its name to Annie and Kids Arts and Education Foundation. In January 2015, Don Facciobene, local builder and developer, bought the property. He announced that a new dragon named "Rojak" will be built. According to the story of Dragon Point Rojak is Annie's fifth hatchling who was kept hidden. In April Rojak was revealed to be built by 2017. The inaugural Dragon Boat Festival is planned for June 13, 2015. Proceeds are intended to benefit Save Dragon Point. Demolition work began at Dragon Point in March of 2017, clearing room for a future multi-million dollar riverfront mansion and for "Rojak." Notes External links Save Dragon Point Often confused with Documentary Video Spotlights Merritt Island's Dragon A video of the dragon The current state of Dragon Point, 2016 Category:1971 sculptures Category:Buildings and structures in Merritt Island, Florida Category:Concrete sculptures in the United States Category:Destroyed sculptures Category:Indian River Lagoon Category:Landmarks in Florida Category:Merritt Island, Florida Category:1971 establishments in Florida Category:Sculptures of dragons Category:Vandalized works of art	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Barbara Seal Barbara Seal is a former judge from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Seal has been involved in a number of community organisations and foundations, serving in both leadership and advisory roles. Seal was appointed as judge of Canada's citizenship court in 1997, retiring in 2016. Seal is a recipient of the Order of Canada Award (OAM). Career Barbara Seal is a former city councillor for the city of Hampstead, Quebec. Charity work Seal's charity and community leadership work has included membership on the boards of the Children's Wish Foundation, the Canadian Cancer Society. In the arts, Judge Seal has served on the boards of Place des Arts, the Montreal Arts Council, and serves on the board of directors for the National Arts Centre Foundation. She is the National President of the Canadian Friends of Tel Aviv University. Barbara Seal Scholarship In 2012, Seal established the Barbara Seal Scholarship for Newcomers to Canada at McGill University, dedicated to permanent residents and new citizens. References Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Jewish Canadian philanthropists Category:Members of the Order of Canada Category:Canadian judges Category:Canadian citizenship judges Category:20th-century Canadian judges Category:21st-century Canadian judges	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tight Tight may refer to: General High and tight, a hairstyle typical in the U.S. military Tight end, a position in American football on the offensive team Tight playing style, in poker, a style of play which means to rarely call/play a hand Clothing Skin-tight garment, a garment that is held to the skin by elastic tension Tights, a type of leg coverings fabric extending from the waist to feet Tightlacing, the practice of wearing a tightly-laced corset Tighty-whiteys, a derogatory term for men's or boys' classic briefs Mathematics Tight frame, a mathematical term defining the bounding conditions of a vector space Tightness of measures, a concept in measure (and probability) theory Science and technology Tight gas, natural gas which is difficult to access Tight oil, shale oil which is difficult to access American car racing term for when the car is understeering Music Tight (Mindless Self Indulgence album), 1999 Tight (Hank Crawford album), 1996 "Tight" (song), a song by INXS "Tight", a song by The Coup from their 2001 album Party Music Slang Miser Drunkenness Cool (aesthetic)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2019 NCHC Tournament The 2019 NCHC Tournament is the sixth tournament in league history. It will be played between March 15 and 23, 2019. Quarterfinal games will be played at home team campus sites, while the final four games will be played at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota. By winning the tournament, that team will receive the NCHC's automatic bid to the 2019 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. Format The first round of the postseason tournament features a best-of-three games format. All eight conference teams participate in the tournament. Teams are seeded No. 1 through No. 8 according to their final conference standing, with a tiebreaker system used to seed teams with an identical number of points accumulated. The top four seeded teams each earn home ice and host one of the lower seeded teams. The winners of the first round series advance to the Xcel Energy Center for the NCHC Frozen Faceoff. The Frozen Faceoff uses a single-elimination format. Teams are re-seeded No. 1 through No. 4 according to the final regular season conference standings. Game 1 of the series between Western Michigan and Colorado College was delayed 1 day due to the effects from Winter Storm Ulmer. Standings Bracket Teams are reseeded for the Semifinals * denotes overtime periods Results All times are local. Quarterfinals (1) St. Cloud State vs. (8) Miami (2) Minnesota–Duluth vs. (7) Omaha (3) Western Michigan vs. (6) Colorado College (4) Denver vs. (5) North Dakota Semifinals (1) St. Cloud State vs. (6) Colorado College (2) Minnesota–Duluth vs. (4) Denver Third place (4) Denver vs. (6) Colorado College Championship (1) St. Cloud State vs. (2) Minnesota–Duluth Tournament awards Frozen Faceoff All-Tournament Team F Robby Jackson (St. Cloud State) F Blake Lizotte (St. Cloud State) F Patrick Newell (St. Cloud State) D Jimmy Schuldt (St. Cloud State) D Mikey Anderson (Minnesota–Duluth) G Hunter Shepard* (Minnesota–Duluth) * Most Valuable Player(s) References NCHC Men's Ice Hockey Tournament 2019 Category:Ice hockey in Minnesota Category:College sports in Minnesota Category:2019 in sports in Minnesota Category:March 2019 sports events in the United States	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Caswain Mason Caswain Mason (born 12 February 1978) is a Vincentian former footballer who spent the majority of his career in the Canadian Soccer League. Playing career Mason began his career with the Toronto Olympians of the Canadian Professional Soccer League in 2000. He would appear in one match against the North York Astros on September 12, 2000, coming on as a substitute for Gus Kouzmanis. In 2001, he went a step higher in his professional career by signing with the Toronto Lynx of the USL A-League. His signing was announced along with the rest of the roster on April 24, 2001. Throughout the season he appeared in 14 matches and recorded one goal. Though the Lynx failed to reach the postseason. In 2002, he returned to CPSL to sign with the Metro Lions, where in his debut season he helped the club achieve a seven-game undefeated streak and a place in the playoffs; but were eliminated by the Ottawa Wizards the semi-final match. On May 17, 2004, he extended his contract with the Lions for the 2004 season. He was named into the CPSL all-star squad that would face Boavista FC in a friendly match. The following year he signed with league powerhouse Toronto Croatia, making his debut on May 29, 2005 in a match against Vaughan Shooters. During his tenure with the club he helped the team reach the postseason, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. In 2007, he had a spell overseas with Mahindra United of the I-League. He would return to the CSL to play with the Canadian Lions; making his debut on September 19, 2007 against Trois-Rivieres Attak. In 2008, he signed with CSL powerhouse with the Serbian White Eagles, where he captured the CSL Championship by defeating the Trois-Rivieres in penalties. International career Mason made his debut for the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines national football team on May 8, 2004 against Grenada. Honours Serbian White Eagles CSL Championship: 1 2008 References Category:1978 births Category:Living people Category:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines footballers Category:Toronto Croatia players Category:Toronto Lynx players Category:Toronto (Mississauga) Olympians players Category:Serbian White Eagles FC players Category:Association football midfielders Category:USL A-League players Category:Canadian Soccer League (2006–present) players Category:Canadian Professional Soccer League (1998–2005) players Category:Brampton United players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nyhavn 11 Nyhavn 11 is a listed property overlooking the Nyhavn canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. History A two-storey building was built at the site in about 1700. One of its first owners was Jacob Severin. He had married rich and was in 1733 granted a full monopoly on trade with Greenland where he founded the town Jacobshavn (literally "Port Jacob"). Ludvig Ferdinand Römer established a sugar refinery in the building in 1754. He had been governor of the Danish Gold Coast. His wife was Anna Cathrine Widderkamp and the couple had 14 children. The property was expanded with two extra storeys in 1835-1836 for a grocer named Harboe. The actor Christian Niemann Rosenkildelived in the building with his family from 1842 to 1749. His daughter, Julie, later known by her married name Julie Sødring, who became one of the leading Danish actresses of her time, had her debut at the Royal Danish Theatre in the play Den Sorte Dronning (The Black Queen) in 1843. Many artist frequented the home, including the Swedish singer Jenny Lind. Another well-known actor, Poul Reumert, have also lived in the building. He grew up at Nyhavn 63. The building was listed by the Danish Heritage Agency in the Danish national registry of protected buildings in 1932. Building The building is four storeys tall and five bays wide. It has a red tile roof with four dormers. Above the gate is a figure of a sugar-baker holding a sugarloaf in one hand and a sugar tin in the other. The figure dates from Römer's sugar refinery. It served as a means of identifications at a time when house numbers had not yet been introduced. Many other houses along the Nyhavn quay feature similar signs. An appendix with staircase on the rear side of the building dates from 1875. The courtyard was refurbished in 1963 to design by the landscape architect Knud Lund-Sørensen. Today The leading Danish lamp manufacturer Louis Poulsen has been headquartered in the building since 1908. References External links Photographs of the courtyard Category:Houses in Copenhagen Category:Listed residential buildings in Copenhagen Category:Houses completed in 1836 Category:Sugar refineries in Copenhagen	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kirsten Sinding-Larsen Kirsten Sinding-Larsen (4 August 1898 – 10 December 1978) was a Norwegian architect. She was born in Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway. She was the daughter of colonel Birger Fredrik Sinding-Larsen (1867–1941) and Emilie Rustad (1871–1904). She was a paternal granddaughter of jurist and writer Alfred Sinding-Larsen, niece of physician Christian Magnus Sinding-Larsen, architect Holger Sinding-Larsen and painter Kristofer Sinding-Larsen, first cousin of journalist Henning Sinding-Larsen and grandniece of architect Balthazar Lange. She finished her secondary education in 1912, and studied at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry (now Oslo National Academy of the Arts) from 1915 to 1917. She worked as an apprentice to architect Sigurd Lunde in Bergen from 1919 to 1921. She worked with architect Håkon Ahlberg in Stockholm from 1923–25 and Tage William-Olsson to 1927. She studied architecture at the Royal Institute of Technology from 1927 to 1929. She was employed by architects Gustav Classon and Wolter Gahn in Stockholm from 1929-1932. She returned to Oslo in 1932 and worked for a short time with her uncle architect Holger Sinding-Larsen before establishing her own practice in 1933. During the period 1933-38, she designed a number of homes in Moss and Jeløy in Østfold. Her most notable single work was the design of Sunnaas Hospital at Nesodden in the mid-1950s. She is also remembered as a debater of housing policy. References Category:1898 births Category:1978 deaths Category:Artists from Oslo Category:Norwegian architects Category:Norwegian women architects Category:Norwegian expatriates in Sweden Category:Oslo National Academy of the Arts alumni Category:KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Marko Klasinc Marko Klasinc (born 14 May 1951) is Slovenian chess problemist. He composed almost 200 chess problems, mostly heterodox and retrograde ones (12 included in FIDE Album). He has title FIDE solving master and international judge of FIDE for chess composition. As a good solver he represented Yugoslavia 1982 in Varna, where the team became World Champion solving chess problems. He is the president of Committee for Chess Compositions of Chess Federation of Slovenia. References Notes Bibliography Drinovec, Aleš (editor). Slovenski šah. Šahovska zveza Slovenije, Ljubljana 2002. External links Website PDB Server Category:1951 births Category:Living people Category:Chess composers Category:International Judges of Chess Compositions Category:Slovenian chess players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
From Four Until Late "From Four Until Late" (or "From Four Till Late") is a blues song written by Delta blues musician Robert Johnson. He recorded it in Dallas, Texas, during his second to last session for producer Don Law on June 19, 1937. The lyrics contained his philosophical lines of "a man is like a prisoner, and he's never satisfied". British rock group Cream recorded the song for their debut album Fresh Cream in 1966. Guitarist Eric Clapton provided the lead vocal. Clapton also recorded another version of the song on his Sessions for Robert J album in 2004. References Category:Robert Johnson songs Category:Songs written by Robert Johnson Category:1937 songs Category:Cream (band) songs Category:Blues songs	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Falevi Umutaua Falevi Umutaua is a Samoan professional football manager. Career In 2007, he coached the Samoa national football team. References External links Profile at Soccerway.com Profile at Soccerpunter.com Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Samoan football managers Category:Samoa national football team managers Category:Place of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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