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1201.4609 | \section{Quantum Chromodynamics}
Quarks and gluons constitute the building blocks of ordinary matter and their interaction is governed by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). QCD is precisely a Yang-Mills theory with fermionic Dirac matter, the quarks, transforming according to the fundamental representation of the $SU(3)$ c... |
1201.4465 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In this article we prove pathwise H\"older convergence with optimal rates for
various numerical
schemes, including the implicit Euler
scheme and the so-called splitting scheme,
associated with parabolic stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE)
driven by multiplicative Ga... |
1201.4627 | \section{Introduction}
The use of periodic potentials, induced by photonic crystals or optical
lattices for controlling light beams in optical waveguides \cite{PhotCryst}
or matter waves in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) \cite{ref1} was the
subject of many works, see reviews \cite{ref2}-\cite{ref10}. It has bee... |
quant-ph/9903024 | \section{Introduction}
The first experimental realisations of Bose-Einstein condensation in
dilute atomic gases \cite{bec95a,bec95b,bec95c}
have opened up a new field in atomic and quantum physics. Despite its apparent
complexity, the condensate is well-described by a macroscopic wavefunction, or
complex field, obeyin... |
astro-ph/9903331 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The diffuse, ionized medium (DIM), a.k.a the ``Reynolds layer,'' has been
established to occupy a significant fraction of the interstellar medium
(ISM) and to have a vertical scale height of $\sim$ 1 kpc
(\cite{mezger78a,reynolds91a,reynolds91b}). It is widely believed that OB
a... |
hep-th/9903022 | \section{Introduction and Summary}
Supersymmetric matrix quantum mechanics (we alternatively call it
matrix theory or supersymmetric quantum mechanics in this paper) is
suggested to provide us with a quantum description of the
eleven-dimensional supergravity in the large $N$ limit \cite{bfss}.
For the finite $N$ case,... |
2302.13176 | \section{Introduction}
Secret key agreement is a fundamental problem in cryptography:
Alice wants to share a random string called {\em key} with Bob, such that a third party Eve who has access to the communication channel between them, has no information about the key.
Information theoretic secret key agreement (SKA... |
1912.11949 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:1}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The jargon ``{\it flocking}" denotes a collective phenomenon in which self-propelled particles are organized in an ordered motion with the same velocity using only environmental information, and it is sometimes used interchangeably in literature with other j... |
1912.12118 | \section{Introduction}
\label{In}
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is regarded as a promising solution to support high data rate demands in the next generations of wireless networks \cite{rappaport2013millimeter}.
To compensate for the severe propagation loss in this band, both transmitters (Txs) and receivers (... |
1107.4354 | \section{Introduction}
The Standard Model (SM) provides a very good description of experimental observables measured at high-energy colliders. The SM is a renormalizable theory and admits a perturbative description at scales of the order of the weak scale. The Higgs boson~\cite{Higgs:1964pj,Higgs:1966ev} is the only ... |
1107.3871 | \section*{acknowledgments}
The authors warmly thank Claude Daul (University of Fribourg) for computer resources. We thank Hank Ashbaugh (Tulane) for helpful insights about the deviation between our calculations and the scaled particle results. D.A. thanks the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research F... |
1107.3780 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Radiochromic films, such as Gafchromic EBT and EBT 2 films\cite{ISP}, are a popular tool to measure dose depositions from ionizing radiation.
Most of the previously published studies\cite{Rink_05,Rink_05b,Todorovic06,Rink07b,Todorovic06,Andres_10} have focused on the gafchromic EBT film, the pre... |
1107.4458 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The angle between the spin axis of each star in a binary system and the orbital angular
momentum axis is an important clue for studying stellar binary formation and the effect of tidal processes on their evolution. Naively one would expect the spins of the two stars and the or... |
hep-ph/9506215 | \section{Introduction}
The production of topological defects seems to be an inescapable
consequence of phase transitions in field theories with a topologically
non-trivial vacuum manifold \cite{Kib,Book}.
This is observed experimentally in numerous
condensed matter systems from superfluid Helium\cite{Helium}
and sup... |
1102.0670 | \section{Introduction}
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a key constituent of the gas making up the giant molecular
clouds (GMCs) that are the site of almost all Galactic star formation. Although almost all of the
molecular gas mass within a GMC is in the form of molecular hydrogen (H$_{2}$), this
material is extremely difficult... |
1102.0715 | \section{Introduction}
Let $\gM_g$ be the moduli space of Riemann surfaces of genus $g$. This is the complex orbifold obtained from Teichm\"{u}ller space $\mathcal{T}_g$ as the quotient by the action of the mapping class group $\Gamma_g := \pi_0(\Diff^+(\Sigma_g))$, the group of isotopy classes of diffeomorphisms of... |
1410.1867 | \section{The dark matter $\to$ ALP $\to$ photon scenario}\label{scen_section}
In this section, we review the scenario proposed in \cite{14032370} in which the 3.5 keV line is produced by dark matter particles decaying into an ALP, $a$, which subsequently converts into X-ray photons in the presence of astrophysical magn... |
1001.1162 | \section*{Acknowledgement}
The authors wish to thank the anonymous referees for insightful
questions and comments. S.~B. also wishes to thank A.~Ghosh for
useful discussions. S.~B.'s work was supported by a fellowship from
his institution SNBNCBS.
\vskip 1cm |
1001.0809 | \section{Introduction}
Photosynthesis provides almost all the energy for life on Earth.
Therefore, many interests have been attracted on this topic in past
decades not only in biology but also in chemistry and physics
\cite{Bio-Chem-Phy}. The typical antenna of harvesting photons in
photosynthesis systems are pr... |
1001.1050 | \section*{References} |
2001.00737 | \section{Introduction}
The pioneering work of \cite{Markowitz:1952} provides a framework for optimal portfolio construction of risky assets. Following the fundamental contributions of \cite{Black:1973} and \cite{Merton:1973} on option pricing, the mean-variance framework has been adopted to solve the problem related t... |
2001.00850 | \section{Results}\label{intro}
Recently David Recio-Mitter (\cite{RM}) introduced the notion of geodesic complexity, which is an analogue of Farber's topological complexity (\cite{Far}), but requires that paths be minimal geodesics. This is a useful requirement for efficient motion-planning algorithms. In \cite{RM} an... |
1802.01332 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
The theoretical possibility of the existence of hypothetical strange quark stars were first speculated in Refs.~\cite{Itoh1970,Farhi1984,Alcock1986,Haensel1986}. According to the strange quark matter hypothesis~\cite{Bodmer1971,Witten1984,Terazawa} the strange quark matter (SQM), made... |
1802.01509 | \section*{Abstract}
\indent \indent In this paper arithmetic progressions on the integers and the integers modulo $n$ are extended to graphs. This allows for the definition of the anti-van der Waerden number of a graph. Much of the focus of this paper is on $3$-term arithmetic progressions for which general bounds ... |
1212.1636 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The Standard Model of particle physics
along with General Relativity
provide an excellent description of known physics.
As a foundational principle of each
of our best theories,
Lorentz symmetry,
along with the associated CPT symmetry \cite{cpt},
should be well tested ex... |
1212.1634 | \section{Abundance of flexible periodic points}\label{s.abunda}
The aim of this section is the proof of Theorem~\ref{t.aboundance}
(and therefore of Theorem~\ref{t.generic}).
The proof contains two steps.
The first step is showing that the hypotheses of
Theorem~\ref{t.aboundance} lead
(up to arbitrarily small p... |
1212.1782 | \section{Introduction}
Berry's phase \cite{Berry84} attracts much interest of theoreticians and
experimenters for a long time. The interest is due to two circumstances. First,
the nontrivial geometric object -- the $\MU(1)$-connection -- arises naturally
when solving the Schr\"odinger equation in nonrelativistic qu... |
1212.1692 | \section{\@startsection{section}{1}%
\z@{4\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{\linespacing}%
{\bfseries\centering}}
\def\introsection{\@startsection{section}{1}%
\z@{3\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{\linespacing}%
{\bfseries\centering}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}%
\z@{1.25\linespacing\@plus.7\... |
1507.06229 | \section{Methods}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{comined.pdf}
\caption{Planar view of both particles and side view of a single particle. The particles have aspect ratio $\alpha=R_{\|}/R_{\perp}$, where $R_{\|}$ and $R_{\perp}$ are the axes parallel and perpendicular to the particle's major axis, re... |
1507.06203 | \section{Introduction}
In the seminal work of Marzetta \cite{Marzetta}, a massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) system refers to a multi-user MIMO communication system where a base station comprises a very large number of antennas, much larger than the number of served users. In this under-determined multi-use... |
1804.08295 | \section{Introduction}
In this article we introduce a mathematical model for an interacting system composed of two kinds of nonrelativistic quantum particles.
The number of the first kind of particles, which we call $x$-particles, is conserved. These particles interact by creating and annihilating bosons of a second k... |
2108.05314 | \section{Two families of theories} \label{s:theories}
We shall consider two families of theories: the theories $T_\mathfrak{m}$ from our paper \cite{MiSh:1167}, and the theories $T_{n,k}$ studied by
Hrushovski \cite{h:letter} which later played a key role in \cite{MiSh:1050} for $n=k+1$. We briefly review both here,... |
1503.05571 | \section{--- Outline ---}
\svs{3}
\section{Introduction}
\svs{2}
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\vs{3}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{crop_px+dae2.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{crop_px+gsn2.pdf}
\vs{3}
\caption{
{\em Top:} A denoising auto-encoder defines an estimated Markov chain where the ... |
1312.7092 | \section{Introduction}
Extensive theoretical and experimental studies on spin-valve geometries following the discovery of spin transfer torques in magnetic multilayer structures\cite{slonc:1996,berger:1996,stiles:2006,wolf:2006} unmasked two important phenomena relevant to spintronics industry---current induced magneti... |
1312.7167 | \section{Near-separable NMF with Bregman divergence}
Let $A$ be the set of anchors selected so far by the algorithm.
Let $\phi(\cdot)$ be the strictly convex function that induces the Bregman divergence
$D_\phi(x,y)=\phi(x)-\phi(y)-\phi'(y)(x-y)$.
For two matrices $\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{Y}$, we consider the Bregman... |
2102.10662 | \section{Introduction}
Developing automatic, accurate, and robust medical image segmentation methods have been one of the principal problems in medical imaging as it is essential for computer-aided diagnosis and image-guided surgery systems. Segmentation of organs or lesion from a medical scan helps clinicians mak... |
1109.0481 | \section{\label{thsec1}Introduction}
The measurement of signal-to-noise ratio in mesoscopic
transport devices is of vital importance as it enables
access to intriguing information about the statistics of
quasiparticles and various intrinsic dynamics that are
not available from conventional current measure... |
chao-dyn/9307014 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\PC{version 16 july 1993, ~file chaos.nbi.dk:\\
/users/predrag/tex/articles/q\_fredholm/qfred6.tex
}
While various periodic orbit formulas may be formally equivalent,
in practice some are vastly preferable to others.
Trace formulas, such as the thermodynamic averages in
classical dynami... |
1808.04800 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Discriminating between national language varieties and dialects is an important task that is often integrated in natural language processing pipelines and applications. The problem has attracted more attention in recent years, as evidenced by a number of research papers published o... |
1808.04534 | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
First we introduce some notations. For a topological space $X$, let $\widetilde{K}(X)$ (resp. $\widetilde{KO}(X)$) be the reduced $KU$-group (resp. reduced $KO$-group) of X, which is the set of stable equivalent classes of complex (resp. real) vector bundles over $X$. For a real... |
1503.06603 | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Nonlinear oscillations are ubiquitous in natural sciences and technology \cite{winfree1980,kuramoto1984,buzsaki2006}. An ideal oscillator would exhibit a perfectly periodic behavior, represented by a limit cycle in the state space. However, the output of actual oscillators is always... |
1503.06285 | \section{Introduction}
Networks, such as the Internet as well as social and biological networks of various nature, have been the subject of intense study in recent years.
Usually one thinks of a network as being a large graph with nodes representing objects (or sites) and edges representing connections or links betwee... |
0808.2703 | \section{Motivation and Notation}
In the complex-valued Gaussian channel with signal-to-noise ratio $\snr$ the mutual information of very general constellations (e.\ g.\ zero-mean with uncorrelated real and imaginary parts each of energy~$\frac{1}{2}$ \cite{prelov04:secondOrderAsymptoticsMutualInformation}) has the sa... |
0808.1883 | \section{Introduction}
The explicit Runge--Kutta (ERK) method has a long and illustrious history in computational
science and engineering. For example, these schemes are often selected in high spatial resolution studies
of turbulence, in which the explicit nature of the scheme is used specifically
in order to capture a... |
0808.2526 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
Recent years have seen a dramatic impetus to link galaxies to their
dark matter halos. In particular, the development of powerful
statistical tools such as the halo model, the halo occupation
distribution (HOD) and the conditional luminosity function (... |
0808.2931 | \subsection*{1 Introduction}
Problems concerning the relative placement of geometric objects are called
{\it spatial planning} problems \cite{LP}. Such problems are important in
robotics \cite{LT}, collision detection \cite{JTT}, \cite{LinM}, and
computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) \cite{EK}, \cite{St... |
0808.2943 | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The integral
\begin{equation}
N_{0,4}(a;m) = \int_{0}^{\infty} \frac{dx}{(x^{4}+2ax^{2} + 1)^{m+1}},
\label{nzero4}
\end{equation}
with $a > -1$ is given by
\begin{equation}
N_{0,4}(a,m) = \frac{\pi}{2} \frac{P_{m}(a)}{[2(a+1)]^{m+ 1/2}}
\label{relation}
... |
2202.13688 | \section{Introduction}
Most of the information about baryon resonances was obtained through $\pi$N scattering and photoproduction experiments with the help of partial wave analyses (PWAs).
The currently observed mass spectra in the center-of-mass energy ($W$) region of $1$--$3$ GeV is summarized in Tables 80.1 and 80... |
1905.12539 | \section{Introduction}
The investigation of spin-orbit interactions of light has become an integral field in modern optics, with a huge variety of related effects being relevant for a manifold of applications~\cite{Bliokh2015}. Spin-orbit coupling plays an important role in the design of spin-dependent meta-surfaces~\c... |
1908.11613 | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathbb{H}$ denote the hyperbolic plane, let $\Gamma\subset \text{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ be a finite covolume Fuchsian group, and let $r > 0$ be a fixed positive number. Let $A_r:L^2(\Gamma\backslash\mathbb{H})\to L^2(\Gamma\backslash\mathbb{H})$ denote the operator of averaging over the circle... |
1912.11727 | \section{Introduction}
While the development of a formal nonequilibrium statistical description of active particles remains an exciting and ongoing challenge~\cite{Fodor2016, Speck2016b, Marconi2017, Puglisi2017, Nardini2017, Mandal2017, Grandpre2018, Shankar2018, Dabelow2019}, \textit{mechanical descriptions} have pr... |
1912.11929 | \section{Gas Analysis using \tname{Gasol}}\label{sec:gas-analysis-using}
\secbeg
\begin{figure}[t]
\secbeg
\secbeg
\secbeg
\secbeg
\begin{center}
\fbox{\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{diagram.pdf}}
\secbeg \secbeg \caption{Overview of \tname{Gasol}'s components}\label{fig:architecture}
\end{center}
\secbeg \secbeg \secbe... |
2302.13755 | \section{Introduction}
\allowdisplaybreaks
With the growing prevalence of networked systems in the era of the Internet of Things (IOT), the event-triggered control has been well recognized as a compelling alternative to traditional time-triggered control, in the aspect of efficiently utilizing shared and limited comm... |
2206.14216 | \section{Introduction}
Orbiting planets exert a gravitational pull on their host star, which results in a periodic variation of the star's velocity along the line of sight of observation. This wobbling effect can be inferred as radial velocity (RV) information, which is a measure of the associated wavelength shif... |
1410.8231 | \section{Introduction}
The accurate determinations of phase diagrams, equations of state (EOS), and thermodynamic properties of materials are of primary importance to the materials science, the high pressure science, and the geophysics. The high-pressure experimental techniques, including the diamond-anvil cell (DAC) a... |
1410.8143 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\subsection{Can Non-Magnetically-Coupled, Non-Self-Gravitating Keplerian Disks Have Purely Hydrodynamic Instabilities? Can They Drive Angular Momentum Transport?}
After 40 years of intense theoretical and computational research, the answer has been a qualified -- and unsatisfying -- ``maybe.'' ... |
1410.8239 | \section{Introduction}
Quantum-speed-limit (QSL) time \cite{MT,ML}, the intrinsic minimal time
interval for a quantum system evolving from an initial state to a target
state, is of crucial importance in the fields of quantum computation \cit
{quantum computer}, quantum control \cit
{control1,control2,control3,cont... |
1801.07716 | \section{}
The All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN, \citealt{2014ApJ...788...48S, 2017PASP..129j4502K}) is the first optical survey to monitor the entire visible sky. ASAS-SN presently has $\sim100-500$ epochs of observation in the V-band to a depth of roughly 17 mag. The field of view of a single ASAS-SN ... |
1802.04424 | \section{Introduction}\label{Sec_1}
In a series of recent papers
(see e.g.\ \cite{P1, P2, P3, P4})
the second author has
pointed out that the study
of algebras of bounded operators on $L^p$ spaces,
henceforth,
\emph{$L^p$-operator algebras}, has been somewhat overlooked, and
has initiated the study of these objects.
... |
1208.3085 | \section{Introduction}
Mobile phones were first introduced with the view of having usability of telephones but with the convenience of mobility. The infrastructure is primarily based on radio communication but multiple users are simultaneously supported by slotting them by frequency or time to improve the number of us... |
1208.3039 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A striking feature in nature is that all the fermions of each generation fill out a complete
16-dimensional spinor multiplet of the gauge group $SO(10)$~\cite{so10}.
While ordinary grand unified theories (GUTs) suffer from the notorious gauge hierarchy problem,
supersymmetric... |
1208.2806 | \section{Introduction}
This paper form a part of a series of papers where the aim is to give explicit formulas for polynomial differential operators on
coherent sheaves. In the paper \cite{maa1} the Kodaira-Spencer map and Kodaira-Spencer class was used to give explicit formulas for
flat algebraic connections on... |
1505.03054 | \section{Introduction}
The Langlands conjectures say that all zeta functions are automorphic
[Langlands 1978] \cite{Lan1};
the aim of our note is to recast and understand (one of) the conjectures
in terms of the non-commutative algebra [Dixmier 1977] \cite{D}.
Let us outline the main ideas.
Denote by $G(... |
1505.02839 | \section{ Introduction. Notations. Statement of problem.}
\vspace{3mm}
Let $ (X = \{x\}, d), \ d = d(x,y) $ be compact metric space relative the distance function $ d(\cdot, \cdot), $
$ (\Omega, B, {\bf P}) $ be a (sufficiently rich) probability space, $ \xi = \xi(x) = \xi(x, \omega), \ x \in X, \ \o... |
2008.07514 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Large-scale datasets are critical. However, oftentimes datasets are not ready for release due to privacy or intellectual property considerations, or just too large in size. In such cases, pre-trained models are the \emph{de-facto} choice of release. Pre-trained models not only s... |
2008.07638 | \section{Acknowledgments}
A.H. and K.F. acknowledge support by the German Academic Scholarship Foundation. The experimental work was supported by the DFG (German Research Foundation). K.L. acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. S.B., M.L. and S.E. acknowledge funding of the DFG through Priority ... |
0809.4944 | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The standard model of hot big bang cosmology is based upon the
spatially homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW)
model. This successfully describes the average expansion of the
universe on large scales according to Einstein's theory of general
relativ... |
0707.1255 | \section{Little Hierarchy Problem}
Although Supersymmetry removes fine tuning from the Higgs mass, LEP
constraints may have exposed a MSSM fine tuning problem in the mass of
the $Z$ boson. The minimisation of tuning is now a major motivation in
model building (see e.g.\cite{Kitano:2005wc}).
Barbieri and Giudice\ci... |
0707.1975 | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a finite abelian group additively written. Let $n$ be
the exponent of $G$. Let $\emptyset \ne$ \hbox{$A\subset\ ]n[$}
where $]n[ := \{1,2,\dots,n\}$. The set of all integers is denoted
by ${\Bbb Z}$, while the set of all positive integers is denoted
by ${\Bbb N}$. Also, let $p$ be a ... |
0707.0815 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Jet-like azimuthal correlations have shown significant modifications in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC due to the presence of the hot and dense medium created in these collisions~\cite{whitepapers}. This constitutes a strong evidence of jet quenching where high energy partons los... |
0707.2312 | \section{Introduction}
Exclusion statistics~\cite{Haldane, DO1, DO2, Wu, MS1, MS2, Isakov,
Bergere}---a generalization of Bose and Fermi statistics---can be defined
in the following thermodynamical sense. Let $Z(\beta, z)$ denote the grand
partition function of a quantum gas of particles at inverse temperature
$\bet... |
1110.4154 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec.intro}
Let $D$ and $E$ be partial orderings.
We say that a function $f:E\ra D$
is {\em cofinal} if the image of each cofinal subset of $E$ is cofinal in $D$.
We say that $D$ is {\em Tukey reducible} to $E$, and write $D\le_T E$, if there is a cofinal map from $... |
1110.4583 | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of neutrino oscillations demands some extension of the Standard Model of particle physics leading to neutrino masses and flavour mixing in the lepton sector. Despite the progress in our understanding of neutrino physics over the last years, we remain ignorant of the mechanism behin... |
2008.03526 | \section{Introduction}
Answer-Set Programming is employed in many application areas
\cite{DBLP:journals/ki/FalknerFSTT18} because ASP offers a rich first-order
declarative knowledge representation language, and powerful reasoning systems
are available. For hard, practical configuration problems such as the Partner
Unit... |
2008.03570 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{Int.}
Graphene has a large number of important properties widely studied nowadays. Among them there are some effects of the theory of relativity and quantum electrodynamics in low dimensions that can be mimicked by laboratory experiments \cite{gein,been,castro}. Graphene is a honeycomb ... |
2205.06842 | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Virtualization is the keystone technology making cloud computing possible and therefore enabling its success.
However, virtualization, and thus cloud computing, comes at the cost of a certain overhead on application performance.
That overhead have been well studied~\cite{XEN,... |
2007.01759 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Heat exchangers are devices that serve to transfer thermal energy between two or more fluids, usually separated by solid walls to avoid mixing. They can be used for both cooling and heating applications, with some of the most well-known being in combustion engine cooling, air co... |
2007.01780 | \section{Introduction}
Visual Question Answering (VQA)\cite{antol2015vqa} is the act of showing a machine learning architecture an image of a natural scene and a natural language question about that scene with the expectation of a reasonable or appropriate answer. VQA is a relatively new problem in machine learning res... |
1702.00911 | \section{Introduction}{\label{sec:intro}}
Phase diagrams are widely used as a powerful tool to predict the equilibrium state of physical systems. In recent years, computational methods have extensively contributed to the determination of thermodynamic data~\cite{comp-3}. The underlying assumption in many of the commonl... |
1702.00865 | \section*{Abstract}
\label{sec:abstract}
A major obstacle to understanding neural coding and computation is the fact that experimental recordings typically sample only a small fraction of the neurons in a circuit. Measured neural properties are skewed by interactions between recorded neurons and the ``hidden'' portion ... |
2301.13274 | \section{ \texorpdfstring{$E=mc^2$}{E=mc2} }
\numberwithin{equation}{section}
\makeatletter
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@secnumfont}{\bfseries}%
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}
\z@{.5\linespacing\@plus.7\linespacing}{-.5em}%
{\normalfont\bfseries}}
\makeatother
\DeclareRobust... |
2010.03182 | \section{Introduction}
Over the past decade, deep learning has achieved remarkable success in multimodal research problems, such as visual question answering, visual dialog, and image captioning. However, it is quite challenging to solve the text-to-vision multimodal tasks that deal with a text input and produce a vis... |
2104.02924 | \section{Introduction}
Multinomial distribution is the most common way to model categorical data. In this work, we study the behaviour of a collection of multinomial distributions with random fluctuations in cell (or `category', as we interchangeably use the two terminology) probabilities. We consider that the multino... |
2104.02950 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The first systematic study on interpolation of univariate data with continuous functions whose graphs are self-referential sets (fractals) - popularly known as fractal interpolation - has its origin in Barnsley's fundamental paper on fractal functions and interpolation \cite{MF1}. During the p... |
1803.11285 | \section{Extensive evaluation}
\label{sec:baselines}
We evaluate a number of state-of-the-art approaches on the new benchmark and offer a rich testbed for future comparisons.
We list them in this section and they belong to two main categories, namely, classical retrieval approaches using local features and CNN-based... |
1608.03018 | \section{Introduction}
Exact solutions of strongly correlated Hamiltonians are very specific and/or computationally expensive,
therefore, it is often necessary to resort to approximate solutions. In order to provide a qualitative
understanding, the approximations should recover basic physical features of the models. ... |
1705.03296 | \section{Introduction and main results}
\subsection{Introduction}
Fixed point properties for group actions on metric spaces, e.g.~Banach spaces or non-positively curved spaces, are natural rigidity properties that contribute to the understanding of both groups and the spaces on which they act. When considering actions... |
2207.10509 | \section{Introduction}
Geometric group theory is the study of groups via their isometric actions on metric spaces. If $\Gamma$ is a finitely generated group and $X$ is a proper quasi-geodesic metric space on which $\Gamma$ acts geometrically, we say that $X$ is a \emph{model geometry} of $\Gamma$. The Milnor--Schwarz... |
1512.05517 | \section{Introduction}
In two-dimensional (2D) classical fluids, giant coherent vortex structures can emerge from microscopic vortex excitations~\cite{Eyi2006.RMP78.87,SIGGIA:1981up,Boffetta12a}, as end states of turbulent fluid dynamics involving an inverse energy cascade~\cite{Kraichnan:1975ku,KRAICHNAN:1980uy}.
The... |
2001.11370 | \section{Related work}\label{sec:relatedWork}
We review various resilience concepts for communication networks. Afterwards, we give examples for 1+1 protection.
\subsection{Overview}
Rerouting reorganizes the traffic forwarding to avoid failed components. This happens on a time scale of a second. Fast reroute (FRR) lo... |
2111.11059 | \section{Introduction}\label{section1}
Black holes (BHs) are generally considered the end product of the evolution of massive stars, As such, the discovery of such stellar-mass BHs can therefore help constrain the massive star evolution \citep[e.g.,][]{Abbott_2016,Thompson:2019,MillerJones:2021}.
So far there have bee... |
1306.6833 | \section{Unidentified sources as Pulsar Wind Nebulae}
Since decades Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are studied as unique laboratories for the highly efficient acceleration of particles to ultra-relativistic energies: e.g. in the late sixties ideas about particle acceleration by electromagnetic waves emitted by pulsars $[3... |
hep-th/0602254 | \section{Introduction and Summary} \label{s0}
There exists a proposal for the exact degeneracy of dyons in
toroidally compactified heterotic string
theory\cite{9607026,0412287,0505094,0506249,0508174} and also in
toroidally compactified type II string theory\cite{0506151}. These
formul\ae\ are invariant under the S-du... |
hep-ph/0602226 | \section{Introduction and summary}
The properties of strongly interacting matter change distinctly during
the transition from low to high temperatures \cite{Karsch:2003jg}, as
is currently explored at heavy-ion colliders. Whereas the
low-temperature phase can be described in terms of ordinary hadronic
states, a copiou... |
math/0602416 | \section{Leonard pairs and Leonard systems}
We begin by recalling the notion of a Leonard pair.
We will use the following terms.
A square matrix $X$ is said to be {\em tridiagonal}
whenever each nonzero entry lies on either the diagonal, the subdiagonal,
or the superdiagonal. Assume $X$ is tridiagonal.
Then $X$ is sai... |
hep-th/0602286 | \@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{3.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{3.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}
{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\large\bf}}
\def\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{2.3ex plus .2ex{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{2.3ex plus .2ex}
{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\bf}}
\newcommand\Appendix[1]{\def\Alph{sectio... |
cond-mat/0602276 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In the last years several networks were analyzed, like internet routers,
biological and metabolic networks, or sexual contacts \cite{FFF}, \cite{JTAOB},
\cite{LEASA}, and the node degree distributions of all of them seem to follow a
power law. Also, several models of graph growth ... |
hep-th/0602127 | \section{Introduction}
Motivated by the AdS/CFT conjecture \cite{Maldacena:1997re}, there has
recently been much interest in the two parameter AdS-Taub-NUT family\footnote{Following \cite{Akbar:2003ed}, we refer to the full two
parameter family as AdS-Taub-NUT, reserving AdS-Taub-Nut for the
regular solution contai... |
2007.02471 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
CNNs are highly successful tools for image reconstruction tasks.
In recent years, a large number of works have shown that they can outperform traditional image processing methods for tasks such as image denoising, compressive sensing, and image compression~\citep{bora_Compressed... |
1904.10291 | \section{Introduction}
Manganese is one of the most complex metallic elements \cite{hobbs2001,hobbs2003,hafner2003,enteshami2017,ehteshami2018,lee2014,kolesnikov2016} that assumes many different stable crystal phases. On cooling the liquid, the sequence of crystal phases~\cite{bigdeli2015,kublerbook,proult1995} obtaine... |
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