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= = = Chart performance = = =
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Following the availability of " Call the Shots " due to the release of Tangled Up , the song entered the UK Singles Chart at number nine . The following week , " Call the Shots " rose six places to peak at number three . It managed to stay at number three the following week , but slipped to number five in its fourth w... |
= = Music video = =
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The accompanying music video for " Call the Shots " was directed by Sean de Sparengo , and filmed in October 2007 in Malibu , California , while Girls Aloud were filming The Passions of Girls Aloud . The video features the girls in purple dresses performing on Malibu Beach at night with flames and white fabric surroun... |
= = Live performances and covers = =
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Girls Aloud first performed " Call the Shots " at a charity ball in aid of children 's charity UNICEF on 10 November 2007 . The band also performed the song on The X Factor on 17 November 2007 , on The Paul O 'Grady Show on 21 November 2007 , on This Morning on 27 November 2007 , and on Top of the Pops on 25 December ... |
= = Formats and track listings = =
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These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of " Call the Shots " .
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= = Credits and personnel = =
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Guitar – Nick Coler , Owen Parker
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Keyboard – Miranda Cooper , Brian Higgins , Matt Gray , Tim Powell , Toby Scott
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Mastering – Dick Beetham for 360 Mastering
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Mixing – Jeremy Wheatley
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Production – Brian Higgins , Xenomania
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Programming – Miranda Cooper , Brian Higgins , Matt Gray , Tim Powell , Toby Scott
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Songwriting – Miranda Cooper , Brian Higgins , Tim Powell , Lisa Cowling , Giselle Somerville
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Vocals – Girls Aloud
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Published by Warner / Chappell Music and Xenomania Music
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Credits adapted from the liner notes of Tangled Up .
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= = Charts and certifications = =
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= = Release history = =
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= Árpád =
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Árpád ( Hungarian pronunciation : [ ˈaːrpaːd ] ; c . 845 – c . 907 ) was the head of the confederation of the Hungarian tribes at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries . He may have been either the sacred ruler or kende of the Hungarians , or their military leader or gyula , although most details of his life are deba... |
= = Biography = =
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= = = Early life = = =
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Árpád was the son of Álmos who is mentioned as the first head of the confederation of the Hungarian tribes by all Hungarian chronicles . His mother 's name and family are unknown . According to historian Gyula Kristó , Árpád was born around 845 . His name derived from the Hungarian word for barley ( árpa ) .
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The Byzantine Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus ( r . 913 – 959 ) states that the Hungarians " had never at any time had any other prince " before Árpád , which is in sharp contrast to the Hungarian chronicles ' report of the position of Árpád 's father . In Porphyrogenitus 's narration , the Khazar khagan initiated... |
The reliability of the Byzantine emperor 's report of Árpád 's election is debated by modern historians : for instance , Victor Spinei states that it is " rather vague and scarcely credible " , but András Róna @-@ Tas writes that its core is reliable . The latter historian adds that Árpád 's election was promoted by Á... |
= = = Towards the Hungarian Conquest = = =
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The earliest reliable source of Árpád 's life is an early 10th @-@ century document , the Continuation of the Chronicle by George the Monk . It narrates that the Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise ( r . 886 – 912 ) sent his envoy Nicetas Sclerus to the Hungarians in 894 or 895 " to give presents " and incite them again... |
The positions held by Árpád and Kurszán at the time of their negotiations with Sclerus are debated by historians . Spinei wrote that Árpád was the gyula , and Kurszán was the kende . In contrast , Kristó said that Kurszán was the gyula and Árpád represented his father , Álmos kende .
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At that time , the Bulgarians had disregarded the peace treaty and were raiding through the Thracian countryside . Justice pursued them for breaking their oath to Christ our God , the emperor of all , and they quickly met up with their punishment . While our forces were engaged against the Saracens , divine Providence... |
The Hungarian army defeated the Bulgarians , but the latter hired the Pechenegs against them . The Bulgarians and Pechenegs simultaneously invaded the Hungarians ' territories in the western regions of the Pontic steppes in 895 or 896 . The destruction of their dwelling places by the Pechenegs forced the Hungarians to... |
The Illuminated Chronicle says that Árpád 's father Álmos " could not enter Pannonia , for he was killed in Erdelw " or Transylvania . Engel , Kristó and Molnár , who accept the reliability of this report , wrote that Álmos 's death was a ritual murder , similar to the sacrifice of the Khazar khagans in case of a disa... |
= = = Reign = = =
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Árpád 's name " is completely unknown " to all sources written in East Francia , which was one of the main powers of the Carpathian Basin at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries . These sources , including the Annales Alamannici and the Annales Eisnidlenses , only mention an other Hungarian leader , Kurszán . Accord... |
In contrast to nearly contemporaneous sources , Hungarian chronicles written centuries after the events — for instance , the Gesta Hungarorum and the Illuminated Chronicle — emphasize Árpád 's pre @-@ eminent role in the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . The Gesta Hungarorum also highlights Árpád 's military skills a... |
Having crossed the Danube , they encamped beside the Danube as far as Budafelhévíz . Hearing this , all the Romans living throughout the land of Pannonia , saved their lives by flight . Next day , Prince Árpád and all his leading men with all the warriors of Hungary entered the city of King Attila and they saw all the... |
The Gesta Hungarorum says that Árpád took " an oath of the leading men and warriors of Hungary , " and " had his son , Prince Zoltán elevated " to prince in his life . However , the reliability of this report and the list of the grand princes in the Gesta Hungarorum is dubious . For instance , it ignores Fajsz , who r... |
= = = Death = = =
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The date of Árpád 's death is debated . The Gesta Hungarorum states that he died in 907 . However , Kristó wrote that he actually died in 900 or later because the Gesta says 903 is the starting date of the Hungarian " land @-@ taking " instead of its actual date around 895 . If the Gesta 's report on his funeral is re... |
= = Legacy = =
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The Hungarians arrived in their new homeland within the Carpathians under Árpád . Árpád is the principal actor in the Gesta Hungarorum , which attributes " almost all memorable events " of the " Hungarian land @-@ taking " to him . Furthermore , until the extinction of the male line of his dynasty in 1301 , Hungary wa... |
= = Family = =
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Porphyrogenitus says Árpád " had four sons : first , Tarkatzous ; second , Ielech ; third , Ioutotzas ; fourth , Zaltas " . However , he also refers to one " Liuntikas , son of " Árpád ; Kristó wrote that Liuntikas ( Liüntika ) was an alternative name of Tarkatzous ( Tarhos ) . The name and family of the mother of Árp... |
* Liüntika and Tarkatzus are supposed to have been identical . * * The father of Tas was one of Árpád 's four or five sons , but his name is unknown . * * * All later grand princes and kings of Hungary descended from Taksony .
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= James B. Longacre =
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James Barton Longacre ( August 11 , 1794 – January 1 , 1869 ) was an American portraitist and engraver , and from 1844 until his death the fourth Chief Engraver of the United States Mint . Longacre is best known for designing the Indian Head cent , which entered commerce in 1859 , and for the designs of the Shield nic... |
Longacre was born in Delaware County , Pennsylvania in 1794 . He ran away to Philadelphia at age 12 , becoming an apprentice in a bookstore . His artistic talent developed and he was released to apprentice in an engraving firm . He struck out on his own in 1819 , making a name providing illustrations for popular biogr... |
In Longacre 's first years as a chief engraver , the Philadelphia Mint was dominated by Mint Director Robert M. Patterson and Chief Coiner Franklin Peale . Conflict between Longacre and the two men developed after Congress ordered a new gold dollar and double eagle , with both to be designed by Longacre . Peale and Pa... |
In 1856 , Longacre designed the Flying Eagle cent . When that design proved difficult to strike , Longacre was responsible for the replacement , the Indian Head cent , issued beginning in 1859 . Other coins designed by Longacre include the silver and nickel three @-@ cent pieces , the Shield nickel , and the two @-@ c... |
= = Early life ; private sector career = =
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James Barton Longacre was born on a farm in Delaware County , Pennsylvania on August 11 , 1794 . His mother Sarah ( Barton ) Longacre died early in his life ; his father , Peter Longacre , was the descendent of early Swedish settlers of North America . When Peter Longacre remarried , his son found the home life intole... |
Longacre became apprenticed to George Murray , principal in the engraving firm Murray , Draper , Fairman & Co. at 47 Sansom Street in Philadelphia . This business derived from the firm established by the Philadelphia Mint 's first chief engraver , Robert Scot . Longacre remained at the Murray firm until 1819 ; his maj... |
Longacre 's first important commission were plates for S.F. Bradford 's Encyclopedia in 1820 ; an engraving of General Andrew Jackson by Longacre based on a portrait by Thomas Sully achieved wide sales . Longacre then agreed to engrave illustrations for Joseph and John Sanderson 's Biographies of the Signers of the De... |
With lessons learned from the Sanderson series , Longacre proposed to issue his own set of biographies illustrated with plates of the subjects . He was on the point of launching this project , having invested $ 1 @,@ 000 of his own money ( equal to $ 23 @,@ 703 today ) in preparation , when he learned that James Herri... |
Longacre had married Eliza Stiles in 1827 ; between 1828 , when their daughter Sarah was born , and 1840 , they had three boys and two girls . Sales of the Gallery lagged due to the Panic of 1837 ; Longacre was forced to declare bankruptcy and travel through the southern and midwestern states , peddling his books from... |
= = = Longacre engravings , 1819 – 1844 = = =
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= = Chief engraver ( 1844 – 1869 ) = =
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