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On June 14 , 1832 the six men were sent from Fort Hamilton to work on Spafford Farm . The group had just commenced working when they were attacked by a band of Kickapoo warriors . The warriors had concealed themselves in some trees near the farmstead and opened fire in a surprise attack . The men dropped their tools a... |
Spafford , Searles and McIllwaine were killed instantly in the melee ; also killed was " Bull " ( probably John Compton ) . Spencer and 17 @-@ year @-@ old Million were able to escape the attackers . Million escaped by jumping into the Pecatonica River , hiding in brush and making his way to Fort Hamilton . Spencer 's... |
Spencer reached Fort Hamilton around the same time that Colonel William S. Hamilton arrived with a large group of Menominee who had volunteered against the Sauk and Fox . Afraid that the fort had also been attacked , Spencer retreated back into the woods . He avoided the fort for between six and nine days , when hunge... |
= = Aftermath = =
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Word of the attack at Spafford 's farm spread quickly to Fort Defiance , about five miles southeast of Mineral Point . A small volunteer force of 13 men was assembled at Fort Defiance and they set off to hunt down the band of Native Americans responsible for the massacre . The group reached Fort Hamilton at around mid... |
Colonel Henry Dodge was at Gratiot 's Grove when the war descended upon Spafford Farm , having just sent his volunteers to their forts to resupply and recuperate . Shortly after he arrived back at his home fort , he received word of the Aubrey murder at Fort Blue Mounds and the incident at Spafford Farm . Dodge ordere... |
After the massacre , General Henry Atkinson was informed that Dodge was to take over General Alexander Posey 's brigade at Fort Hamilton . While Dodge was on his way to visit the brigade , he heard a rifle shot from a group of Native Americans . Dodge quickly returned to his command post and gathered as many men as he... |
= I Miss You ( Miley Cyrus song ) =
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" I Miss You " is a song by American recording artist , Miley Cyrus . It was co @-@ written by Cyrus ( credited under her birth name Destiny Hope Cyrus ) , Brian Green , Wendy Foy Green , and produced by Brian Green . " I Miss You " is a homage to Cyrus ' late grandfather , Ron Cyrus , who died in February 28 , 2006 .... |
The song received generally positive reviews from music critics ; some commented on how it deviated from her usual material at the time and how effective the message was . " I Miss You " appeared on two United States charts : it peaked at number nine on Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles , an extension of the Billboard Ho... |
= = Background = =
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The singer had a very close relationship with her paternal grandfather , Ron Cyrus , a Democratic legislator in the state of Kentucky and public servant , whom she referred to as " Pappy " . He was diagnosed with mesothelioma , a rare form of cancer that develops from the protective lining that covers many of the body... |
However , Cyrus later desired to resume writing , saying she " knew what [ her ] heart wanted to say , and whatever is in [ her ] heart finds its way to [ her ] fingertips . " Moreover , she desired for her grandfather to listen to the song before passing away . Although Cyrus was never able to sing it for him , her f... |
= = Composition = =
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" I Miss You " is a pop music song with a length of three minutes and fifty @-@ eight seconds . It is a ballad that maintains low @-@ key with an acoustic styling . " I Miss You " is influenced by elements of the country music genre ; nevertheless , it has a rock music @-@ based musical arrangement , relying prominent... |
= = Reception = =
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= = = Critical reception = = =
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" I Miss You " has received generally positive reviews from music critics . Heather Phares of Allmusic complimented " I Miss You " , and categorized it as one of the tracks on Meet Miley Cyrus that bared much resemblance to Hannah Montana songs . Andy Webster of The New York Times wrote that " I Miss You " is " as dol... |
= = = Chart performance = = =
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On the week ending July 14 , 2007 , " I Miss You " debuted on two US Billboard charts . It entered at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 extension , the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart , and at number ninety @-@ two in its only week on the discontinued Pop 100 chart . The following week , the song fell to numbe... |
= = Live performances = =
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Cyrus performed " I Miss You " as an encore on sporadic dates of her first headlining tour , the Best of Both Worlds Tour , which extended from October 2007 to January 2008 . The tour 's concert film uses the performance within the set , although it was not performed as such . The performance had Cyrus dressed in a wh... |
= = Charts = =
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= 55 Cancri b =
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55 Cancri b ( abbreviated 55 Cnc b ) , occasionally designated 55 Cancri Ab ( to distinguish it from the star 55 Cancri B ) , also named Galileo , is an extrasolar planet orbiting the Sun @-@ like star 55 Cancri A every 14 @.@ 65 days . It is the second planet in order of distance from its star , and is an example of ... |
In July 2014 the International Astronomical Union launched a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars . The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names . In December 2015 , the IAU announced the winning name was Galileo for this planet . The winning name was submit... |
= = Discovery = =
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55 Cancri b was discovered in 1996 by Geoffrey Marcy and R. Paul Butler . It was the fourth known extrasolar planet , excluding pulsar planets . Like the majority of known extrasolar planets , it was discovered by detecting variations in its star 's radial velocity caused by the planet 's gravity . By making sensitive... |
Even when this inner planet , with a mass at least 78 % times that of Jupiter was accounted for , the star still showed a drift in its radial velocity . This eventually led to the discovery of the outer planet 55 Cancri d in 2002 .
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= = Orbit and mass = =
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55 Cancri b is in a short @-@ period orbit , though not so extreme as that of the previously detected hot Jupiter 51 Pegasi b . The orbital period indicates that the planet is located close to a 1 : 3 mean motion resonance with 55 Cancri c , however investigations of the planetary parameters in a Newtonian simulation ... |
In 2012 , b 's upper atmosphere was observed transiting the star ; so its inclination is about 85 degrees , coplanar with 55 Cancri e . This helped to constrain the mass of the planet but the inclination was too low to constrain its radius .
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The mass is about .85 that of Jupiter .
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= = Characteristics = =
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55 Cancri b is a gas giant with no solid surface . The atmospheric transit has demonstrated hydrogen in the upper atmosphere .
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That transit is so tangential , that properties such as its radius , density , and temperature are unknown . Assuming a composition similar to that of Jupiter and that its environment is close to chemical equilibrium , 55 Cancri b 's upper atmosphere is predicted to be cloudless with a spectrum dominated by alkali met... |
The atmosphere 's transit indicates that it is slowly evaporating under the sun 's heat . The evaporation is slower than that for previously studied ( hotter ) hot Jupiters .
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The planet is unlikely to have large moons , since tidal forces would either eject them from orbit or destroy them on short timescales relative to the age of the system .
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= Ridge Racer ( video game ) =
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Ridge Racer ( リッジレーサー , Rijji Rēsā ) is a 1993 racing video game developed and published by Namco . It was initially released on the Namco System 22 arcade system board , and later ported to the PlayStation console in 1994 . It is the first title in the Ridge Racer series released for arcades and home consoles . The o... |
The first home version of Ridge Racer was released in Japan in 1994 as a launch title for the PlayStation ; the versions for North America and Europe were released in 1995 . It was re @-@ released in Japan for the PlayStation The Best range in July 1997 , and for the Greatest Hits and Platinum ranges in North America ... |
Ridge Racer received a highly positive reception . Reviewers praised the graphics , audio , drifting mechanics , and arcade @-@ like gameplay , although some were critical of the lack of strong artificial intelligence and multiplayer mode . The arcade version was followed by a sequel , Ridge Racer 2 , in 1994 , wherea... |
= = Gameplay = =
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In the PlayStation version , a mini @-@ game of Galaxian can be played as the game loads . If won , eight additional cars become available . The cars are varied in their specifications ; some feature a high top speed , others excelling at acceleration or turning , and others being more balanced . Certain cars are name... |
A course , transmission ( automatic or six @-@ speed manual ) , car , and song are chosen . The racetrack can be observed from the first @-@ person perspective ( or from the third @-@ person perspective for the PlayStation version ) . Namco 's NeGcon controller can be used to play . Being an arcade racer , collisions ... |
A single course is featured , although it consists of four configurations of increasing difficulty ; Novice , Intermediate , Advanced and Time Trial ( the latter two are extended ) . The player races eleven opponents except in Time Trial , where there is only one . The higher the difficulty , the faster the cars run ,... |
The PlayStation version features hidden " mirror " version of the tracks . It becomes a " mirror image " of itself ; left turns become right turns and vice @-@ versa , and the surroundings switch sides of the road .
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= = Development and release = =
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At JAMMA 's 1992 Amusement Machine Show in Japan , held during 27 – 19 August 1992 , Namco debuted a racing game called Sim Drive , for the Namco System 22 arcade system board . It was a sequel to Eunos Roadster Driving Simulator , a Mazda MX @-@ 5 driving simulation arcade game that Namco developed with Mazda and rel... |
Ridge Racer had a development cycle of eight months . The development team was under pressure to complete it before their rivals , and designer Fumihiro Tanaka commented that " the other company " was in the same position . Ridge Racer was originally planned to be an F1 racing game , but the concept was replaced with ... |
Development for the PlayStation version began in April 1994 . Because of the radical differences , that version essentially had to be done from scratch , and took nearly as long to develop , being completed in November 1994 . The PlayStation port was developed by the same team . Due to technical limitations , the Play... |
During release for arcade system board , Ridge Racer was called by Namco " the most realistic driving game ever " . It featured three @-@ dimensional polygon graphics with texture mapping . The PlayStation version was shown at the 1995 Electronic Entertainment Expo event , and was an innovation in the use of three @-@... |
= = = Music = = =
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The soundtrack was produced alongside the game by Shinji Hosoe , with contributions from Nobuyoshi Sano and Ayako Saso , as the development team didn 't have enough time to produce them separately . The team did not initially plan to have music , but ended up producing techno , which Tanaka believed helped players to ... |
= = Reception = =
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Ridge Racer received critical acclaim . The graphics and sound in particular were praised . In the April 1994 issue of the UK magazine Computer and Video Games , Paul Rand gave high marks , remarking that it was " far and away the most realistic arcade game ever seen " on reviewing the arcade machine ( based on the fu... |
The two sports reviewers of Electronic Gaming Monthly praised the gameplay and music . Maximum commented that " Ridge Racer isn 't without its bad points - basically , there is only one track and the game lacks the awesome crash sequences of Daytona USA , but everything else in the title is sheer class " . They commen... |
Despite positive reviews , the game was criticised by 1UP.com for the arcade style of gameplay . The lack of artificial intelligence has received criticism — the movement of the computer @-@ controlled cars is restricted to predetermined waypoints . The game was reviewed in 1995 in Dragon No. 221 by Jay & Dee in the "... |
Ridge Racer was awarded Best Driving Game of 1995 by Electronic Gaming Monthly . It was listed as one of the best games of all time by Game Informer in 2001 , Yahoo in 2005 , Electronic Gaming Monthly in 2006 , Guinness World Records in 2008 and 2009 , NowGamer in 2010 , and FHM in 2012 .
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