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Our results suggest that any comparative assessment of hunger prevalence using HCES should clearly
from HCES, such as poverty counts and inequality measures (Beegle et al. 2012). The reason is that the
expected when measuring hunger directly from HCES and how some of these errors likely differ by
hunger numbers acro... | {
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Table 2 presents hunger estimates derived from HCES alone. The calorie measure displays a great
One of the arguments for favoring the HCES-direct method over the FBS-CV method is that it allows for
patterns of hunger are sensitive to the type of HCES that is used. For example, for each standard
our experiment to cal... | {
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3. Secondary outcomes among refugees: These include a broader set of variables that were grouped into 14 broad families in the PAP including: (1) dwelling characteristics and house- hold structure, (2) consumption and expenditure, (3) financial participation, (4) earnings, labor, and occupational choice, (5) migration, ... | {
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We use the FAO Food Composition Tables for the Near East to convert daily food quantities into kilocalories; we then divide by the effective household size to get per capita daily caloric intake. [6]
The amount of assistance delivered during conflict is increas ing to support the growing share of the extreme poor livi... | {
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Notably, while we cannot rule out that time outside due to employment may play a role (e. g., fresh air may boost one ’ s mood), our time-use data indicates that the average refugee already spends at least three hours outside per day, with no measurable difference between employed and cash arms. As we are powered to det... | {
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To this effect, we replace yh i with yh i / yi in equation (1) and proceed as outlined above. If migration decisions are based on relative rather than absolute income, then the coefficients of eδs − eδi and (eηs − eηi) zh should be positive and significant only when they are computed using yh i / yi. In addition to relativ... | {
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1 POST-CONFLICT TRANSITIONS WORKING PAPER NO. 16 Population Size, Concentration, and Civil War. A Geographically Disaggregated Analysis * Håvard Hegre Centre for the Study of Civil War, PRIO (CSCW) Clionadh Raleigh CSCW, PRIO & University of Colorado at Boulder Abstract Why do larger countries have more armed conflict?... | {
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However, there is no consensus or agreed best practices on the use of these methods in different contexts or stages of displacement (Brookings 2013). 92 The absence of data on new displacement may simply mean that no displacement has taken place (IDMC 2016). 93 IDMC reports that data, disaggregated by age and sex, were... | {
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South Sudanese Addis Ababa All Refugees Discrimination/harassment in past year Victim of crime in past 2 weeks Figure 7.19: Discrimination and harassment Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. 72 A ddressing the challenges refugees face in Ethiopia requires a concerted effort to promote their self-reliance, econ... | {
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thirty years of autocratic rule that followed the Congolese independence from Belgium colonial rule paved the way to a violent transition, culminating in two internationalized wars from 1996 to 1997, in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide, and from 1998 to 2003. Since the end of the Second Congo War in 2003, eastern ... | {
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Moreover, some refugees may not register because they are unaware that they should, and others may be reluctant to do so because they are skeptical of the integrity of the registration process (e. g. fair access to entitlements or opportunities for durable solutions) or lack confidence in protection measures. Individua... | {
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**3.3 Production Data for Economic Rate of Return Estimation**
Production data covering the five-year period from 2018 to 2022 were sourced from the Ministry of Agriculture's administrative records and validated through rapid field surveys covering 120 farms in the project area. The production data are available at co... | {
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Outcome Variable Collection Periods Basline Midline Weekly Endline Psychological Well-being PHQ9 X X Life Satisfaction Index X X Stress Index X X X Sociability (Total) X X X Sociability (Positive) X X X Self-Worth Index X X Locus of Control X X Allocation Decision Game X X Stability Index X X Physiological Well-being I... | {
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The relation- ships between displacement dynamics and perceptions of each manifestation of social cohesion are analyzed separately by running 12 models for each independent variable (6 regressions for each sample). The regressions are correlations and should not be interpreted causally. Hosting status and displacement ... | {
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26 Source: Listening to Displaced People Survey, 2014. 95 % of the refugees in Mauritania envision an independent or autonomous North and 26 % of the refugees in Mauritania even state the independence of Azawad (= the north) as a main condition for returning home. Stark differences can also be observed with regard to t... | {
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which increases significantly under both treatment arms. In other words, the psychosocial value to employment appears to be driven largely by the non-pecuniary dimensions of the employment experience. 5. 4 Impacts of employment on reported physical health, cognitive function, and economic decision-making The positive eff... | {
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supervisor, and four enumerators. All field staff involved in the SERSE participated in the HoWStat survey. Enumerators were knowledgeable about local cultures and languages and could detect inconsistencies and misunderstandings during interviews to ensure high-quality data. Supervisors were additionally trained on how... | {
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Since the set of household members at baseline have subsequently moved, and usually not as a unit, the 2004 round results in more than 2, 700 household interviews (from the baseline sample of 912 households). Although the KHDS is a panel of respondents and the concept of a ‘ household ’ after 10-13 years is a vague not... | {
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For this study, data on the four types of capital are obtained for three periods - 1995, 2000 and 2005 and for 210 countries, from an updated database underpinning the wealth estimates of nations (World Bank, 2006; G. Ruta and K. Hamilton, personal communication, 2009). The data are measured in per capita values at 200... | {
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The report focuses on intent-to-treat (ITT) estimates, measuring the impact of offering volunteering opportunities and soft skills training independently of actual take-up. 9 We estimate the following individual-level intent-to-treat regression: 𝑌 ௧ ൌ 𝛼 + 𝜇 𝛽𝑇௧ + 𝛾𝐷 + 𝛿ሺ𝑇 ∗ 𝐷ሻ ௧ + 𝜀 ௧ (1) where �... | {
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Following the approach used for the Global Costing of Refugee Inclusion, successful inclusion is defined as earning sufficient income to be no longer poor and to consume more than the (international) poverty line. This definition opens two tracks for investigation: first, how much aid would be needed if the policy obje... | {
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An open empirical question remains on the relative importance of the three initial conditions (i. e., unemployment, co-ethnic enclaves and attitudes) when examined together. Moreover, we expect the effect of the individual factors to vary in the short, medium and long run over the 20 years examined. In the next section... | {
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Increasing the schooling attainment of girls is a challenge in much of the developing world. In
this paper we evaluate the impact of a program that gives scholarships to girls making the transition
between the last year of primary school and the first year of secondary school in Cambodia. We show
that the scholarship p... | {
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Although the OCO-2 satellite platform provides the best available database, its coverage for our 25-km grid cells is limited by its 16-day repeat cycle, relatively narrow observation track, and the frequent occurrence of cloud cover over some areas.
For the translation of regression residuals to emissions deviations, ... | {
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are combined. The surveys follow a repeated cross-sectional design and are not panels (i. e. the same administrative units, not the same people, are re-sampled), so responses are aggregated to the groupement level, the lowest level at which the project consistently collect representative data. Table 2 provides a summar... | {
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This distinction is also applied to foreign students, with those entering the system after February 2022 referred to as “ Migrant post-Feb 2022 ” and others referred as “ Migrant pre-Feb 2022 ”. 7 Administrative data from MoE. The Ministry data includes information for all students who enrolled at any point during the ... | {
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The decision to link it with CM made ENLACE a de facto high-stakes test encouraging
in grade inflation (Contreras and Backoff, 2014). Anomalies in ENLACE and the creation
<!-- PAGE 10 -->
###### **2.2 The ENLACE Panel**
ENLACE created a unique personal identifier ( _Clave_ _Única_ _de_ _Registro_ _Poblacional_ or
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(vi) ran out of food, (vii) adults were hungry but did not eat, (viii) went without eating for a whole day, (ix) restricted consumption so kids could eat, and (x) borrowed food or relied on friend/relative for help. 7.0 8.4 7.8 6.0 8.2 6.5 In Camp Addis Ababa Total Hosts Refugees 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Hosts ... | {
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future year by the counterpart observation in the CRU benchmark dataset (from the most
representative temperature/rainfall combination, derived from CRU data for 1980-2000).
departure: the benchmark series from the CRU data. This translation step is necessary | {
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Page 8 of 51 In the 9 cases mentioned, it was possible to identify part-time workers, while temporary workers were only identified in the cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and El Salvador. 4. 1. 1 Variation of the NSE as a percentage of total employment The prevalence of NSE in the total employment has not show... | {
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of dependability (Heller and Kessler, 2022). In a recent study, Karpowitz et al. (2023) show how these soft skills interact with discriminatory practices. They find that assigning leadership roles to women in a classroom setting reduces gender discrimination. Similarly, Kaas and Manger (2012) use a correspondence study... | {
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Following the approach used for the Global Costing of Refugee Inclusion, successful inclusion is defined as earning sufficient income to be no longer poor and to consume more than the (international) poverty line. This definition opens two tracks for investigation: first, how much aid would be needed if the policy obje... | {
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report). Box 5.2: Disparity between refugee ration aid and reported consumption quantities 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees In Camp Addis Ababa Total Own production Market purchase Transfers/gifs Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees In Camp Addis Ababa Total Percent ... | {
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JDC Joint Data Center LFPR Labor Force Participation Rate LFS Labor Force Survey LoC Locus of Control LSMS Living Standards Measurement Study MoE Ministry of Education MoLS Ministry of Labor and Skills MoLSA Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs MoR Ministry of Revenue MoTRI Ministry of Trade and Regional Integration Mo... | {
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It is difficult to draw causal inference from observational data. This study is no exception. The results presented here are nevertheless sufficiently suggestive to cast doubt on the theory that the choice of migration destination is driven primarily by income differentials. Other factors seem to play a strong — and probabl... | {
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2.0 percentage points more likely to be enrolled at any school, JFPR or otherwise (p-value: 0.29). Note
scholarship receipt, therefore provide further evidence of a JFPR program effect.
the 2000 Demographic and Health Survey; here too there is a clear schooling gradient. [3] Figure 1 shows,
2 Comparisons for the ful... | {
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<!-- PAGE 16 -->
**Appendix 1: Comparing applicants with full application forms to those with only partially**
**completed forms**
**All applicants** **Full application form**
**Outcomes**
Enrolled in JFPR school 0.81 0.82
Attending on the day of school visit 0.74 0.75
Enrolled in any school 0.87 0.87
Das, Jishnu, Qu... | {
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As summarized by Robinson (2017), “ fortunately, Afrobarometer respondents comprise stratified random samples at all levels, making population estimates based on them unbiased: thus, the major concern with using Afrobarometer sample data to construct demographic measures is unbiased measurement error. ” Based on a comp... | {
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14 displacement. 55 % of the returnees reported to have been employed before the crisis and 36 % in June 2014. Over time the employment situation among the displaced has improved steadily and by December 2014 more people reported being employed than prior to the crisis. All the returnees were able to regain employment ... | {
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refugees and their host communities, this work aims to inform policies and operations (humanitarian actors, development partners, and government) to facilitate refugee integration and their lives, along with hosting communities. This report’s eight chapters aim to comprehensively provide an overview of SESRE results, w... | {
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area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location. Area stratifi- cation reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occa... | {
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In other contexts, deregistration signifies not the achievement of a durable solution but rather the end of state or international support (IDMC 2015). 33 The absence of a clear and operational approach to defining the ‘ end ’ of internal displacement may be one of the factors behind the continued overall increase in t... | {
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The Women ’ s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) (Alkire et al. 2012) uses individual-level data, and the linked Gender Parity Index reflects inequalities across women and men ’ s deprivation scores within the same household. Alkire, Apablaza and Jung (2014) design and implement an exploratory individual-level MPI... | {
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The GLWD Coastal Wetlands area identified along the northern boundary of the project zone supports mangrove ecosystems that provide fish nursery habitat and protect the coastline from storm surge erosion. A coastal ecological assessment conducted during project preparation confirmed that proposed coastal access infrast... | {
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The cross-dimensional poverty cut-off is defined as k = 50 %, with those deprived in half or more of the weighted indicators identified as multidimensionally poor. 4. Data Data on forcibly displaced populations are scarce, with many household surveys excluding refugees and IDPs from the sample framework. To ensure that... | {
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to the Venezuelan migratory crisis, whereas the VenRepPS survey was conducted during the pandemic in 2020. These temporal inconsistencies result in varying sample composi- tions across surveys, diverging from the landscape we observe in 2022. Notably, forced migrants in the VenReps Kids survey migrated during the crisi... | {
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**Environmental Baseline: Wetland Mapping**
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Due to our research design and the complexity of introducing a third grouping who would play outgroup in the behavioral experiments regardless of partner identity, we exclude PRL from the main analyses presented here. 5 Data were also collected six months after the end of the training but this was heavily disrupted due... | {
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Table 5: Coverage of Published Data on Location, Accommodation and Demographics 2015 Population end- 2015 (millions) Urban or Rural Location Accommodatio n Age Sex Refugees and people in refugee-like situations 16. 1 85 % 83 % 58 % 68 % Other people of concern to UNHCR 47. 8 (including 37. 5 IDPs) 70 % 47 % 25 % 39 % U... | {
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This is used to analyze the impact of changes in conflict and luminosity patterns on return in an aggregate manner using ordinary least squares (OLS) and Poisson quasi maximum likelihood (PQML) count models. Second, we use the detailed information on refugee characteristics provided by ProGres together with conditions i... | {
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measures of the adequacy of calorific intake for a survey sample or before the CV needed for the FAO
(2012b) present a useful list of various HCES in low and middle income countries highlighting substantial differences in their design across a select number of
HCES in all their relevant dimensions (requiring a 22-pag... | {
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Flood maps generated by the disaster risk reduction directorate were integrated into the project's site assessment tool to automate flood-risk flagging for proposed subproject locations. When a proposed site's coordinates fall within the 50-year inundation boundary on the flood maps, the tool generates an automatic ale... | {
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Average share of primary school age children in primary education Average share of secondary school age children in secondary education Percent Figure D.3: Share of school-age children in education per household Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Eritrean Somali South Sudanese Addis re... | {
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The DFIL confirms that the project's Designated Account will be held at the National Bank and operated jointly by the PIU coordinator and the Ministry of Finance's project accountant. Withdrawals from the DA exceeding USD 500,000 require dual authorization and supporting documentation submitted through the Bank's Clien... | {
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Page 25 of 51 higher followed by the “ Professionals ” and “ Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers ”. On the contrary, “ Managers ”, “ Technicians ”, “ Craft and related trades workers ” and “ Plant and machine operators and assemblers ” are the types of occupations with a lower incidence of NSE in the reg... | {
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changes) and reducing the number of meals eaten daily (negative food intake). Borrowing food or cash from friends and relatives and purchasing food on credit second represent the second and third most common coping strategies. Refugees in camps and in Addis Ababa are more likely to rely on these coping strategies than ... | {
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children (under age 15). The data further show that the poorest refugees and hosts are more likely to have married and older household heads compared with the richest counterparts (Figure 5.14). Richest in-camp and out of camp refugee households are more likely to have female- headed households compared to the poorest.... | {
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Geospatial data compiled from satellite imagery, field GPS surveys, and administrative boundary shapefiles were integrated into the targeting framework for rural livelihood subgrants. The geospatial data were processed using open-source tools and validated against paper maps held by district land offices. Where discrep... | {
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14 woman becomes a widow, it is likely that she does not marry again given a lack of suitable partners of similar age. 8 Finally, we calculate a demographic conflict proxy that captures the extent of deaths across age groups (SEXRATIO). The data on sex ratio comes from two secondary sources: the 1991 Census (which is m... | {
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environment. Any issues discovered during these monitoring visits were brought to the attention of service providers and resolved swiftly in conjunction with the project coordination team at MoGD. Eligibility: The EPAG program was targeted to young women who: i) were age 16 to 27, ii) possessed basic literacy and numer... | {
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The data shows that cohorts that were of school age during the Indonesian occupation achieved higher level of education than older cohorts (i. e. those born in the 1970s compared to those born in the 1960s or before) testifying for an increasing trend as expected. The figure shows that despite the increasing trend a la... | {
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calculated using the TLSS 2001 and 2007: primary gross enrolment ratio was 105 percent in 2001 and 128 percent in 2007, while net enrolment ratios were 74 and 94 percent, respectively, in 2001 and 2007. Usage context: primary mention, supporting mention, background mention. | {
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using purchasing power parity rates. It comes from the World Development Indicators
The governance indicators come from the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG)
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100 km of ice-free coast) come from Gallup et al. (1999). Data on total fo... | {
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These people are then expected to return to their place of origin once the conflict is over and governments are typically over optimistic about the duration of civil conflicts and about return of IDPs. In some cases, governments also have an interest in denying the very existence of IDPs for political purposes. Therefo... | {
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There is a clear increase in the entry of new foreign firms which may be driven by refugees ’ enterpreneurship. Cheaper low-skilled labor may have helped all businesses cutting costs. Balkan and Tumen (2016) had also found a decline in prices and attribute their finding to lower labor costs, which may also be one of the ... | {
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From 23 to 25 May 2014, 137 interviews were conducted with the Shalozan Tangi displaced
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The LFS question on usual occupation was re-coded using the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) at the two-digit level for comparability with other countries' labor force surveys. Occupational coding was conducted by the national statistics office's coding team using an automated coding softw... | {
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In contrast, districts of origin are distributed widely across the country. This reflects the fact that much work migration is from remote rural areas to towns and cities. The main characteristics of work migrants are reported in Table 1, together with those of non- migrant adult males. We see that work migrants are on ... | {
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PREPAREDNESS
EMERGENCY
TRANSITION
LONG-TERM INCLUSION
OTHER ACTIVITIES (PUBLIC HEALTH, NUTRITION, FOOD SECURITY)
Review national health plans and policies
and advocate that activities for refugees
are included and equitably provided as
nationals.
Measles, polio vaccination on arrival and vitamin A
supplementation.
... | {
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Woreda Nearest to Zone Share of individuals (%) Trade Industry Other service Agriculture Trade Industry Other service Agriculture Low accessibility Medium accessibility High accessibility Share of individuals (%) 0 20 40 60 80 100 Markets and Opportunities 61 6.2 Effects of local factors on refugees’ labor market outco... | {
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However, the program itself was designed to fit within the young women ’ s lives, specifically with regard to their employment, education, and childcare duties. Training schedules were flexible, to allow participants to continue with their pre-existing educational and income-generating activities (and many participants... | {
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Section A.1, [9] we verify that the I2D2 database generates global patterns that are broadly consistent with patterns observed when using other global databases such as the _World Development Indicators_ (WDI) database of the World Bank. More precisely, we find that our samples are globally representative in term... | {
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Both the EHCVM sample and the COVID-19 phone survey include each of the eight FIES questions, allowing us to get a measure of food insecurity for both periods.
_Notes:_ These figures come from Google's COVID-19 Community Mobility Data. With the same kind of aggregated and anonymized data used in Google Maps, these dat... | {
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**Table 4: Financial Management Capacity Assessment**
| Dimension | Rating | Key Weakness | Mitigation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Budgeting | Moderate | Delays in budget releases | Contingency drawdown procedure |
| Accounting | Moderate | Partial SIGAF rollout | PIU parallel records |
| Internal Controls | Substantial | L... | {
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35 Inputs: 1. Household Survey with consumption or income welfare aggregates 2. Project data / Other survey data without welfare aggregates 3. Set of harmonized common variables in both surveys Outputs: 1. Set of imputed welfare variables for project data / other survey for each household in the data 2. Imputed welfare... | {
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Page 10 of 51 Source: Own calculations based on Household surveys Figure 4: Prevalence of Temporary employment among salaried employees (Mid-90s / Mid-2010s) Source: Own calculations based on Household surveys Analyzing the evolution of non-standard employment according to their age profile, we found a slight increase ... | {
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28 In section three of this study, we could not find taxes and regulations among the potential barriers to sales and employment growth that clearly separated the ups from the downs in the formal sec- tor. We also showed that the large sector has become a smaller share of the economy rather than a bigger share due to se... | {
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An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in these papers are entirely those of the authors. They do not necess... | {
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displaced children and adolescents residing in host communities, rather than in refugee camps. Particularly, VenRePs-Kids collects data on 2, 556 households including 1, 338 Colombian and 918 Venezuelan households, respectively. The study collects rich and comprehensive data on children ’ s and adolescent ’ s developme... | {
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8 neighboring community, (iii) residing elsewhere in the Kagera Region and (iv) residing outside the Kagera Region. Table 3 shows that the basic needs poverty rate declined 8 percentage points in the full sample. This figure masks significant differences in changes between subgroups based on migration. For those found ... | {
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This paper ’ s scope of analysis includes the country as a whole using a nationally representative survey. While regional case studies may reveal salient stresses on public services and job displacement, nationally, there is no significant impact. Over the period of 2009 to 2013, the poverty rates of host community hou... | {
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Refugees Hosts Refugees Age group <15 39% 46% 54% 50% 47% 56% 15 to 24 19% 19% 17% 22% 21% 21% 25 to 44 26% 25% 21% 17% 21% 16% 45 to 64 13% 8% 7% 9% 8% 5% >=65 4% 2% 2% 2% 3% 1% Gender Male 48% 51% 50% 49% 48% 46% Female 52% 49% 50% 51% 52% 54% Marital Status Never Married 22% 27% 21% 30% 22% 25% Married 62% 56% 69% 5... | {
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(b) Disaggregation and geo-mapping of data by location (current location and location of habitual residence; urban, peri-urban or rural location), accommodation (organized camp versus non- camp), and demographics (age and sex); (c) Expanded coverage of data collection exercises to include all areas of affected countrie... | {
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Quality Metrics A standard Measure in the assessment of a sampling designs is the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and calculated as: 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = ∑ 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 1000 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 1 1000 = 1 1000 × ඥ (𝑌𝑌 − 𝑌𝑌) 2 𝑌𝑌 ൩ × 100 Expressed here as percentage deviation from the population mean Y... | {
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Having seen that mandatory e-auctions significantly increased land prices, we estimate (1) using data from the entire 2015-22 period as an additional robustness check and using data from 2018/19 when e-auctions
the nearest main road, grain elevator, and city. A land use map, constructed based on remotely sensed data... | {
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in primary compared to their hosts, refugees struggle to attend secondary education. Secondary GER22 and NER23 for refugees are almost half those of hosts. For example, only 23 percent of secondary school-aged refugee children and youth attend secondary school. This share is higher (41 percent) for hosts. Refugee Secon... | {
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fact that they are time consuming and therefore expensive to collect. At least three other less resource
intensive alternatives to the FAO approach have been suggested to derive hunger numbers:
anthropometric data, self-assessments, and direct use of HCES.
quicker and cheaper to collect than full HCES efforts. Howeve... | {
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Section 6 presents the differing views of IDPs, refugees and returnees on what happened during the crisis and prospects for peace. Section 7 concludes the paper. 2. The Listening to Displaced People Survey The Listening to Displaced People Survey (LDPS) combines a baseline face-to-face survey with mobile phone follow-u... | {
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(1) GDP growth, (2) agricultural GDP value added, (3) industrial GDP value added, and (4) poverty
growth, (2) agricultural GDP value added (%), (3) industrial GDP value added (%), and (4) poverty
<!-- PAGE 28 -->
###### **_References_**
Alley, William: The Palmer Drought Severity Index: Limitations and Assumptions, ... | {
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We use the sum of conflict events occurring in the historic homeland of ethnic group e in the previous year t − 1, denoted as Conflictet − 1, and we use the mean distance between the historic homeland of ethnic group e and the border of country d to predict the number of refugees of a certain ethnic group e moving from... | {
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This means that night lights data can be used to estimate economic activity at levels that are not usually captured in national accounts, such as subnational administrative units (provinces, districts, counties, cities, etc.) or regions not coinciding with national borders (coastal vs inland regions, connected vs uncon... | {
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refugees, as defined under the 1951 UN Convention. It is consequently not surprising
that surveys of refugee studies only give very limited attention to environmental
aspects, except for the degradation that refugees might cause themselves (Black and
Robinson 1993; Richmond 1988; Zolberg, Suhrke, and Arguayo 1986).
**... | {
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154 P. B. Spiegel & P. V. Le
Discussion
Overall, the majority of surveys that met the inclusion criteria were of insufficient
methodological rigor to be reproducible. Other important methodological issues,
such as households or persons who were absent or refused to participate, as well
as whether replacement of such ... | {
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"descriptive_data": "A data mention described by its characteris... |
age or gender varied considerably among reports which led
to difficulties in comparing results; furthermore, few studies reported indicators
according to both gender and age.
There are limitations to this article. Despite an attempt to search as widely as
possible in the published and grey literature, as well as to con... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
"internationally accepted UNGASS indicators"
],
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"named_data": "A data mention with a proper name: dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system.",
"descrip... |
[8] Daewoo Securities (1988 and 1999) _Handbook of Listed Companies,_ Daewoo Securities: Korea.
scope data were missing or incomplete, we collected additional company information from Wisenet
Korea. [7] This internet server provides detailed financial information, including income statements
Second, using data on fo... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [
"annual data for gross state product"
],
"vague_data": [
"data on foreign ownership"
]
},
"entity_descriptions": {
"named_data": "A data mention with a proper name: dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or in... |
While camps have been recognized as posing serious challenges (Jacobsen and Crisp 1998), it is quite striking to observe that this organizational feature is not as spread in other regions of the world as in SSA. At best, only 28, 25 and 15 percent refugees are hosted in planned / managed camps in Asia, Americas, and th... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": [
"demographic data"
]
},
"entity_descriptions": {
"named_data": "A data mention with a proper name: dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system.",
"descriptive_data": "A data mentio... |
14 Data Analysis All analyses were conducted with Stata / SE 14. 0 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX). A bivariate model was also used to examine the relationship between the main predictor (fatalities) and each outcome. For the final model, a multilevel approach was used to account for the nested structure of the dat... | {
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"named_data": "A data mention with a proper name: dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system.",
"descriptive_data": "A data mention described by its characteris... |
• The government, UNHCR, and GIZ are working together to develop a national roadmap for including refugees in the national TVET system. Protection/Capacity “Strengthening Asylum System and Social Protection: (i) Refugee Status Determination (RSD), refugee registration, civil documentation, and permits; (ii) National so... | {
"entities": {
"named_data": [
"Level 3 Registration and Biometric Identity Management System",
"Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems"
],
"descriptive_data": [],
"vague_data": []
},
"entity_descriptions": {
"named_data": "A data mention with a proper name: dataset, surv... |
10 Figure 3: Level of education age 25 +; compared with regional average (%) (*) INSTAT refers to census 2009 Source: Listening to Displaced People Survey, 2014. With regards to ownership of consumer durables, IDPs, refugees and returnees were better endowed than the average citizen of the North (see Figure 4). As was ... | {
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"named_data": "A data mention with a proper name: dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system.",
"descriptive_data": "A data mention described by its characteris... |
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