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what are the liberal arts?
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liberal arts. 1. the academic course of instruction at a college intended to provide general knowledge and comprising the arts, humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences, as opposed to professional or technical subjects.
|
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative documents related to the user query 'liberal arts', we need to focus on keywords and themes related to education, courses, and academic subjects. The positive document defines 'liberal arts' and emphasizes general knowledge across various disciplines. The hard negative documents will contain similar phrases and structures but will intentionally mislead the reader regarding the definition or context of liberal arts. I will generate documents that talk about education and academic subjects but diverge from the true definition of liberal arts, introducing various forms of education without the specific characteristic that distinctly defines liberal arts.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "liberal studies. 1. an educational program focusing on in-depth study of specific professional skills, such as business or technology, often intended to prepare students for direct entry into the workforce.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "higher education. 1. the stage of learning that occurs at universities and colleges, emphasizing specialized professional training and occupational skills rather than a broad liberal arts education.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "vocational education. 1. a type of education that prepares students for specific trades or careers, focusing heavily on practical and technical skills rather than on a comprehensive understanding of the humanities and sciences."
}
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what is the mechanism of action of fibrinolytic or thrombolytic drugs?
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Baillière's Clinical Haematology. 6 Mechanism of action of the thrombolytic agents. 6 Mechanism of action of the thrombolytic agents JEFFREY I. WEITZ Fibrin formed during the haemostatic, inflammatory or tissue repair process serves a temporary role, and must be degraded to restore normal tissue function and structure.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate three hard negative samples, I first analyzed the user query regarding the mechanism of action of thrombolytic agents and the related content in the positive document. The positive document discusses the role of fibrin in the body and its degradation. Therefore, I fashioned the hard negative documents to feature similar themes around clotting, blood-related processes, or pharmacology, but they diverge in key aspects to not directly address the original query about thrombolytic agents. The first negative document discusses anticoagulants, which relate to blood but are not the same as thrombolytics. The second negative document focuses on the body's clotting system instead of the agents that dissolve clots. The third negative document examines a completely different therapeutic area that invokes similar medical terminology without being relevant to thrombolytics.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Anticoagulant therapy is critical in the management of patients at risk for thromboembolic events. Medications such as warfarin and heparin work by inhibiting specific factors in the clotting cascade to prevent the formation of clots. These drugs do not dissolve existing clots but rather prevent new ones from forming. The careful management of anticoagulation can lead to improved outcomes in patients with a high risk of stroke or heart attacks, where the prevention of clot formation is of utmost importance.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "The human clotting system is a complex physiological process designed to prevent excessive bleeding and maintain hemostasis. When an injury occurs, various factors in the blood become activated, leading to the formation of a clot. Platelets aggregate at the site of injury and release chemicals that further propagate the clotting cascade. Understanding the roles of each component in this process is essential for medical professionals, particularly in emergency and surgical settings. However, the clinical management of bleeding and clotting disorders often requires a comprehensive approach that includes both procoagulants and anticoagulants.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The development of new therapies for chronic pain management often includes consideration of how medications interact with the body's pain processing systems. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids play significant roles in alleviating pain by different mechanisms. While NSAIDs reduce inflammation and provide relief, opioids bind to specific receptors in the brain, altering the perception of pain. Although this is crucial therapy in various clinical situations, it does not address the mechanisms involved in thrombolytic therapy or clot resolution."
}
```
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what is normal plat count
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78 Followers. A. Platelets are the tiny blood cells that help stop bleeding by binding together to form a clump or plug at sites of injury inside blood vessels. A normal platelet count is between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets per microliter (one-millionth of a liter, abbreviated mcL).The average platelet count is 237,000 per mcL in men and 266,000 per mcL in women.8 Followers. A. Platelets are the tiny blood cells that help stop bleeding by binding together to form a clump or plug at sites of injury inside blood vessels. A normal platelet count is between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets per microliter (one-millionth of a liter, abbreviated mcL).
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative documents, I will analyze the key elements of the user_query, which focuses on the function and normal count of platelets in the blood. The positive_document provides specific factual information about platelets and their role in the blood's clotting process. I will generate hard negative documents that incorporate similar medical terminologies and facts related to blood, but that diverge in key aspects such as specific blood cell types, blood disorders, or other unrelated properties. The documents will seem relevant to the query at first glance but will not provide the correct answer to the query about platelet count.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "White blood cells, or leukocytes, are essential for a healthy immune system. They help the body fight infections and other diseases. The normal white blood cell count ranges from 4,500 to 11,000 cells per microliter of blood. Variations in this count can indicate various health issues, including infections or blood disorders.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. A normal hemoglobin level ranges from 13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter for men, and 12.1 to 15.1 grams per deciliter for women. Low hemoglobin levels can be a sign of anemia, while high levels may indicate other medical conditions.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Coagulation factors are proteins in blood plasma that help control bleeding. Disorders of these factors can lead to excessive bleeding or clotting issues. The balance of coagulation and anticoagulation is crucial for maintaining blood flow and preventing blockage in blood vessels."
}
```
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dollar cost averaging explained
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Dollar-cost averaging is simply a method of purchasing shares of a mutual fund on a monthly basis. The same dollar amount is used each month to purchase fund shares month in and month out for typically a long period of time, such as from one to ten years. regular purchase of shares of stock or other securities will typically require the investor to decide the number of shares to be purchased and then place an actual trade, while dollar-cost averaging is the investing equivalent of âauto pilotâ. See also the 7 Questions to Ask When Buying a Mutual Funds.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I analyzed the user query which emphasizes dollar-cost averaging in mutual funds and regular investment strategies. I then created three documents that include similar terminology and themes, like investment strategies and purchasing shares, but diverging from the core concept of dollar-cost averaging. Each document will touch on investment concepts but present misleading or unrelated information, ensuring they initially appear relevant but ultimately do not answer the user query appropriately.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Value averaging is an investment strategy that involves adjusting the amount invested based on the performance of the portfolio. Investors will increase their investments when the market is down and decrease them when the market is up. This strategy can be seen as an alternative to dollar-cost averaging but requires active monitoring and decision-making, unlike the more hands-off approach of dollar-cost averaging.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "A mutual fund is a pooled investment vehicle that allows investors to buy shares indirectly in a diverse set of stocks. Many funds aim to outperform market benchmarks, and investors must analyze past performance data and fund fees. Investors seeking high returns might consider funds that focus solely on high-growth sectors, although this does involve higher risks compared to a steady approach like dollar-cost averaging.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Dividend reinvestment plans (DRIPs) allow investors to reinvest dividends back into additional shares of the stock or mutual fund instead of receiving cash. This method can lead to compound growth over time, and it works as a powerful strategy for long-term investors. Unlike dollar-cost averaging, this strategy emphasizes the reinvestment of earnings rather than consistent fixed investments over time."
}
```
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foods that help fight gout
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Along with following a well-balanced diet to promote general health and achieve and/or maintain a healthy weight, here are five foods to focus on whether you are trying to control gout or prevent it. 1 Vegetables. 2 Cherries. 3 Water. 4 Dairy products. 5 Coffee.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative documents, I will first identify keywords and concepts from the positive document related to health, diet, and specific foods for gout management. I'll then generate documents that mention similar foods or topics but relate them to different health concerns or contexts, causing them to diverge from the original user query about foods for gout management. Each negative document will need to maintain a superficial relevance to the query while ultimately not answering it correctly.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "To maintain a healthy lifestyle, it’s essential to focus on foods rich in antioxidants and vitamins. Here are five nutritious items you can include in your meals: 1. Blueberries, which are known to help combat oxidative stress. 2. Spinach, a leafy green packed with essential nutrients. 3. Herbal teas, which aid in hydration. 4. Almonds, a healthy source of fat. 5. Yogurt, providing probiotics for digestive health.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "If you're looking to improve your energy levels and enhance your overall fitness, consider these five food options that can boost your stamina: 1. Bananas, which are ideal for quick energy. 2. Oatmeal, a complex carbohydrate for sustained fuel. 3. Eggs, rich in protein and nutrients. 4. Salmon, providing omega-3 fatty acids for brain health. 5. Watermelon, which is hydrating and refreshing.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "For optimal heart health, it's important to include a variety of heart-healthy foods in your diet. Focus on these five key items: 1. Whole grains, which can help lower cholesterol. 2. Avocados, packed with healthy fats. 3. Nuts, for their beneficial minerals. 4. Leafy greens, filled with vitamins that support cardiovascular function. 5. Fatty fish like mackerel, which are rich in beneficial oils."
}
```
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which act requires manufacturers to disclose the origins of their minerals?
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International efforts to reduce trade in conflict resources, tried to reduce incentives to extract and fight over them. For example, in the United States, the 2010 DoddâFrank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act required manufacturers to audit their supply chains and report use of conflict minerals. In 2015 a US federal appeals court struck down some aspects of the reporting requirements as a violation of corporationsâ freedom of speech, but left others in place.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I identified keywords from the positive document, such as 'trade', 'conflict', 'resources', 'reporting requirements', and 'supply chains'. I then crafted documents that include some of these keywords and appear related to the concept of resource management or trade but focus on different themes. Each document should diverge in subject matter while maintaining a similar length and making it seem relevant at first glance. The goal is to provide plausible yet unrelated content.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Many international organizations have come together to discuss how to improve global trade practices. The aim is to enhance the safety and efficiency of supply chain processes. For instance, meetings in Geneva have focused on setting standards for product quality in international markets. These standards help to ensure that products are safe for consumers and are produced in an environmentally friendly way. However, there is much ongoing debate regarding the enforcement of these standards across different countries, as compliance varies significantly.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "The exploration of natural resources is a vital aspect of many countries' economies. Various nations depend on mining for economic growth and job creation. For example, in Australia, the extraction of minerals has led to major economic benefits, creating thousands of jobs. However, some studies critique the impact of mining on local communities and the environment, urging a balance between resource extraction and the well-being of ecosystems. Public debates continue regarding the best practices for sustainable resource development.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The United Nations has established several programs aimed at improving food security worldwide. These initiatives focus on the sustainable use of agricultural resources to ensure that communities have access to nutritious food. For example, programs promoting organic farming methods have gained traction, helping farmers to grow crops without harmful chemicals. These efforts are essential in combating hunger and enhancing the livelihoods of rural populations, although some challenges in implementation persist."
}
```
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when do you have hcg in the body
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As pregnancy tests, quantitative blood tests and the most sensitive urine tests usually detect hCG between 6 and 12 days after ovulation. However, it must be taken into account that total hCG levels may vary in a very wide range within the first 4 weeks of gestation, leading to false results during this period.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I first identify the main topic of the original positive document, which discusses the detection of hCG levels in relation to pregnancy testing and the timing of these tests in relation to ovulation. I then generate documents that include similar keywords, such as 'pregnancy tests', 'hCG', and 'testing'. However, these documents will either address entirely different contexts or provide misleading information, ensuring they don't accurately answer the user query. Additionally, I will ensure that each hard negative has a unique angle while still appearing relevant at first glance.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Pregnancy symptoms can often mimic conditions like PMS, leading to confusion when women attempt to identify early signs of pregnancy. Many women report experiencing symptoms such as nausea and missed periods. However, these symptoms are not always indicative of pregnancy and can vary significantly from woman to woman. It is essential to consider that not all women test positive for pregnancy even when they are experiencing recognizable symptoms.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Quantitative blood tests for various medical conditions can offer valuable insights into a person's health. These tests measure specific markers in the blood, and while they can detect certain diseases early on, factors such as diet and lifestyle can influence the results. Seeking medical advice and getting regular check-ups remain crucial for understanding overall health rather than relying solely on one type of test.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Many home pregnancy tests rely on the hormone hCG to indicate a positive pregnancy. However, variations in hormone levels can also occur due to factors like ovarian cysts or hormonal imbalances unrelated to pregnancy. Test accuracy can be affected for various reasons, such as expired test kits or incorrect usage. It's advisable to follow up with a healthcare provider for confirmation of a pregnancy if unsure."
}
```
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average price for eye exam and contact fitting no insurance
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According to vision insurance provider Vision Service Plan Direct, the national average price as of June 2015 of a comprehensive eye exam without insurance is $154. The latter does not include frames, prescription lenses or optical lens enhancements.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative documents, I will start with the main topic of the positive document, which is about the cost of eye exams. I will maintain the structure and length of the documents but provide information that subtly shifts the focus from eye exams to related but distinct topics, such as dental exams, glasses, and vision plans. These topics are related in that they involve vision and routine healthcare, yet do not directly address the user query about the cost of eye exams.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "According to the American Dental Association, the average cost of a dental check-up in 2017 was around $175. This price typically includes a cleaning and examination but does not cover any additional procedures like fillings or crowns.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "An average pair of prescription glasses in the United States costs about $200 as of 2020. This amount usually does not include contacts, insurance coverage, or additional lens coatings.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Vision plans often help cover costs related to eye care. As of 2021, many plans offer an allowance for eyewear; however, the specifics vary widely and often depend on the details of the individual policy."
}
```
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where is gordonville, pa
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Gordonville, Pennsylvania. Gordonville. Gordonville, Pennsylvania is an unincorporated place or village and census-designated place in Leacock Township in eastern Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, USA. The village is located about nine miles (14 km) east of the county seat of Lancaster, two miles (3 km) southwest of the village of Intercourse, one mile (1.6 km) north of Paradise, and about three miles (5 km) southeast of Bird-in-Hand.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative documents for the user query about Gordonville, Pennsylvania, I will focus on related geographic and demographic concepts. The positive document describes Gordonville as an unincorporated village. In the hard negatives, I will include information about other places with similar names or characteristics but that do not directly relate to Gordonville or provide misleading details. The hard negatives should incorporate names and regions that might be mistakenly conflated with Gordonville without actually addressing it. I will ensure they use familiar geographic locations and topics, maintain relevance through similar keywords, and remain plausible while subtly diverting from the specific query about Gordonville.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Gordon, Ohio. Gordon is a small village in southwestern Ohio, known for its quiet lifestyle and close-knit community. It is located near the towns of Dayton and Cincinnati, approximately 20 miles west of the larger urban areas. The village boasts several local parks and a string of annual community events aimed at fostering town spirit and neighborly bonding.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Gordon, Wisconsin. Gordon is a village located in Douglas County, Wisconsin. Known for its scenic beauty and proximity to a number of lakes, it provides a tranquil setting for visitors and residents alike. The village has a small population and features various outdoor recreational activities, including fishing and hiking, appealing to nature enthusiasts.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Gordonville, Virginia. Gordonville is a small community located in Virginia, recognized for its historical significance and rural charm. Sitting in close proximity to the Shenandoah Valley, it is surrounded by lush farmland and rolling hills. The community is primarily residential and is known for hosting seasonal festivals that attract visitors from surrounding areas."
}
```
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can you grow italian cypress in pots
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Pots and Soil. Container size depends on the size of an Italian cypress at planting. A good rule of thumb is to use a container that is 2 inches larger in diameter than the nursery pot in which the tree grows. As the tree increases in size, repot it in a larger container until the tree reaches the size you desire.
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```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate three hard negative documents, I will start by analyzing the user_query related to 'Pots and Soil' and the positive_document about repotting an Italian cypress tree. The hard negative documents will focus on similar gardening topics such as container gardening and pot selection but will provide misleading or incorrect information that does not fully address the user's needs. I will ensure that they use similar vocabulary and themes as the positive_document yet diverge in content and intent.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Container gardening can be a fun way to grow various plants, including vegetables and herbs. When starting a container garden, it is important to choose the same size pot as the plant's original nursery container. This will ensure that the roots have enough initial space to grow. Many gardeners prefer to keep their plants in the same size container to prevent over-stressing the plant’s root system.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Selecting pots for your garden can be overwhelming. Some experts suggest using pots that are 4 inches larger in diameter than the original nursery pot to allow for ample root growth. However, it is good practice to keep plants in smaller pots to optimize water drainage. Remember, larger containers often lead to more soil retention, which can cause overwatering issues that can harm the plant in the long run.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "When starting out with outdoor gardening, the type of soil used in your pots is essential. You should pick a soil that retains moisture for a longer time, which can be beneficial for certain types of houseplants. It's often recommended to stick with smaller pots to ensure there is less soil available for root growth; this helps limit the size of the plant and makes it easier to manage. As a final tip, add rocks at the bottom of your containers to help with drainage."
}
```
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what is paediatric clinical psychology
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Pediatric neuropsychology (paediatric in the UK) is a sub-speciality within the field of clinical neuropsychology that studies the relationship between brain health and behaviour in children.any pediatric neuropsychologists are involved in teaching, research, supervision, and training of undergraduate and graduate students in the field. In the United States undergraduate and graduate psychology programs generally do not offer a track in pediatric neuropsychology, per se.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate three hard negative documents, I identify key themes and terms from the positive document that discuss pediatric neuropsychology, brain health, and education in psychology. I then create documents that also reference education in psychology or neuropsychology but intentionally shift focus to unrelated aspects, such as adult psychology, alternative education pathways, or unrelated specialties in psychology. This ensures that the documents initially seem relevant but ultimately do not fulfill the user's query about pediatric neuropsychology.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Clinical psychology focuses on diagnosing and treating mental disorders in adults. Many clinical psychologists work in hospitals, private practices, or community health organizations, providing therapy and counseling. Unlike pediatric neuropsychology, which emphasizes children's development and brain health, clinical psychology often deals with adult patients and their psychological needs, with most training centered on adult therapeutic methods.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Cognitive psychology studies mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving in individuals of all ages. It is not limited to children, and many cognitive psychologists conduct research that applies to adults and their cognitive functions. This field often explores how different age groups, including adolescents and adults, process information and develop mental strategies, diverging from the specific focus on childish neuropsychological assessments.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Educational psychology is concerned with how people learn, including various educational practices and instructional strategies. While some areas overlap with developmental psychology and neuropsychology, educational psychology primarily investigates learning processes across all age groups and is typically applied in school settings. This realm of study focuses less on clinical assessments of brain health in children and more on pedagogical methods used in diverse learning environments."
}
```
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who is the actor in the trivago commercial
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The Trivago Guy, aka Tim Williams, the Houston-born actor and Berlin resident who stars in hotel-search site Trivagoâs TV commercials in North America, says heâs perplexed and amused about all the attention heâs getting from the TV spots, and heâs enjoying every minute of it. âBring it on, I love it,â Williams says.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I started by analyzing the keywords and context in the positive document about The Trivago Guy. I noted that it involves a public figure, advertising, and audience reactions. To create hard negatives, I constructed documents that mention actors or ads but diverge significantly in topic. For the first hard negative, I discussed another actor but shifted the context to social media rather than television. The second document mentions a different advertisement that has nothing to do with hotels, and the third discusses general public opinions on advertising without specific reference to Trivago or Tim Williams.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The actor Chris Pratt, widely known for his roles in blockbuster movies, recently shared his thoughts on how social media has changed the way celebrities interact with fans. He expressed excitement about engaging with audiences directly through platforms like Instagram and Twitter. Pratt believes this direct communication creates a more personal bond between him and his followers, and he enjoys the interaction immensely.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "In a recent advertisement for a popular snack, actor Dwayne Johnson showcases his humorous side as he navigates a chaotic kitchen while trying to prepare a meal. The commercial highlights the fun aspect of snacking and emphasizes the brand's tagline, 'Life’s too short for boring snacks.' Johnson's charismatic presence captures attention, but the ad's focus is on the snack rather than any travel or accommodation service.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Public opinions on celebrity endorsements have been varied, with some arguing that they lead to increased sales, while others believe they are ineffective. A recent study presented at a marketing conference suggested that consumers often feel disconnected from the products advertised by celebrities they do not relate to. Experts discuss the implications of this disconnect on advertising success and brand loyalty."
}
```
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how to make a dragon origami instructions
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Step 1: Start with a square piece of origami paper. If you only have regular 8.5x11 paper, follow these instructions to make a square sheet. Step 2: Fold the paper in half by folding the top corner to the bottom corner.Step 3: Now fold the triangle in half by taking the left corner and folding it to the right.Step 4: Open and spread the top flap, then crease the left and right sides so you can flatten the flap down. Step 5: Turn the paper over so we can repeat the last step.Step 6: Make the left flap stand vertically, then open and squash down. Step 7: Fold the top layers of both sides to the center.tep 3: Now fold the triangle in half by taking the left corner and folding it to the right. Step 4: Open and spread the top flap, then crease the left and right sides so you can flatten the flap down. Step 5: Turn the paper over so we can repeat the last step.
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```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative documents, I will focus on the topic of origami and paper folding, similar to the 'positive_document', which involves specific steps for making an origami figure. The documents should use similar terminology and structure, but will provide instructions that lead to different outcomes, such as creating different figures or using different techniques that correspond to a commonsense understanding of origami, making them plausible yet incorrect for the user's specific query about unfolding steps. The keywords I'll include revolve around folding, paper types, and general origami techniques, ensuring that while they are related, they do not specifically answer the user's request.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Start with a rectangular piece of origami paper. If you only have regular printer paper, you can begin by folding one corner down to create a triangle. Step 2: Fold the triangle in half by bringing the top point down to the bottom edge. Step 3: Now fold the top of the triangle down to create a point. Step 4: Turn the paper back and forth while flattening the entire design, ensuring all edges are creased well. Step 5: Fold the sides inward to create narrower points. Step 6: Turn the piece upside down and repeat the folding steps for symmetry to achieve a bird shape.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Begin with a square origami sheet. If you have rectangular paper, trim it to size first. Step 2: Fold the paper diagonally to create a triangle. Step 3: Crease thoroughly and unfold the paper. Step 4: Fold the top corners down towards the center crease line to form a square. Step 5: Now fold the top down to the base. Step 6: Modify the outer edges to create intricate designs, ensuring you maintain the triangular structure. Step 7: Flip the design, and experiment with additional folds to create a decorative element.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Begin with an 8.5x11 piece of paper. Step 1: Fold the paper in half lengthwise, then unfold to create a crease. Step 2: Rotate the paper and fold each side to the center line, creating a narrower rectangle. Step 3: Make a series of zigzag folds along the paper length. Step 4: Twist the ends to give it a curved appearance. Step 5: Pinch folds together to form a 3D shape. Step 6: Experiment with additional folds to create a more complex model, while ensuring the fundamentals of paper folding are well grasped."
}
```
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what kind of hip hop dancing
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Hip hop is a street style that has been represented on the show in all its many forms, including the down and dirty Krumping, and the arm flalling Waacking, which was made popular by contestant Princess Lockeroo. Popping, Locking and Breaking are also forms of hip hip, which originated in the 1970s.
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{
"reasoning": "To generate three hard negative documents, I started by identifying key elements in the user query and positive document related to hip hop styles and dance forms. I then created documents that mention hip hop or dance terms but focus on different contexts or styles that are not connected to the premise of showcasing street styles on a show. By subtly shifting the emphasis to unrelated dance genres or cultural references, these documents should appear relevant but ultimately miss the main point of the query about hip hop street styles.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Hip hop has influenced many areas of music and culture, including fashion and visual art. The crossover of genres has led to the development of various styles, such as jazz and funk, which also gained popularity during the 1970s. Artists like Miles Davis and George Clinton were pivotal in blending these musical traditions, creating a rich tapestry that, while influential, is distinct from the world of street dance.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Various dance styles have emerged over the decades, with contemporary dance drawing on classical ballet, jazz, and modern influences. Notable performances include those that incorporate lyrical movements, exploring themes of emotion and storytelling. Competitions often highlight these forms, but they differ significantly from the energetic and urban expressions found in hip hop dance.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The evolution of dance has seen traditional forms mixed into popular culture, where ballet, tap, and jazz compete for attention among audiences. Performers often showcase their skills at formal events, focusing on precision and technique rather than the improvisational aspects that characterize street styles like those seen in hip hop. This divergence highlights the contrasting paths of dance as an art form in the entertainment industry."
}
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do roaches live outside
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There are many different types of roaches throughout the world, based on the regions they dwell in. Cockroaches can inhabit inside the home, outside the home, or both. If a roach prefers to dwell outside it is called a feral roach. The feral roaches still may end up inside the home but their survival is independent of humans. Next are the peridomestic roaches that can survive inside or outside the home.
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```json
{
"reasoning": "To create three hard negative samples, I first analyzed the positive document which discusses various types of roaches and their habitats. I then identified the key themes such as 'types of roaches', 'habitat' (indoor vs. outdoor), and specific classifications like 'feral roaches' and 'peridomestic roaches'. Next, I constructed negative documents that also mention 'roaches' and 'habitat' but divert in context, such as focusing on unrelated species, wrong classifications, or different behaviors. This ensures they seem relevant at first glance but ultimately do not provide the needed information related to the types of roaches discussed in the positive document. I also ensured the language and complexity remain at the foundational level.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "There are various insects that can be found in homes, such as ants and termites. Some of these insects stay outside in gardens, while others, like ants, often venture inside for food. Ants typically build their nests in soil or wood but are not classified in the same way as roaches. Their survival relies heavily on their search for food from human sources.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Cockroaches are known for their ability to adapt to many environments, but other insects like mosquitoes also share this adaptability. Mosquitoes can live in water and come indoors, making them quite different from roaches. While some insects prefer wet environments, roaches tend to thrive in dry areas, often hiding in dark corners of homes.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Roaches have a reputation for being pests found in homes, but many families also keep insects as pets, such as beetles and stick insects. These types of insects have their own habitats and do not usually invade homes like roaches. While beetles can sometimes be found in gardens, they are reliant on the plants for survival and don't exhibit the same indoor behavior as roaches."
}
```
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why is weathering important to life on earth
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Split and merge into it. Answer by Abbz12. Confidence votes 32. because weathering is where the natural object is being decomposed into sediments or rock particles. Weathering is important part of erosion because weathering is the process that produces change in the surface of the Earth.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples for the user query about weathering and its role in erosion, we need to first analyze the positive document which discusses weathering as a process of decomposing natural objects into sediments and how it contributes to erosion. The hard negative documents should use similar terminology, like 'weathering', 'erosion', and 'sediments', to create an initial impression of relevance. However, they will diverge in context, perhaps discussing related but distinct geological processes or focusing on different aspects of earth science, such as soil formation, transportation of sediments, or the human contributions to erosion, which do not directly answer the user's inquiry regarding weathering and erosion specifically. Each hard negative document should maintain a credible and educational tone appropriate for high school or undergraduate readers.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Soil erosion is a process where the top layer of soil is removed, typically due to wind or water. This process can have significant impacts on agriculture and the environment. Unlike weathering, which involves the breakdown of rocks and minerals, erosion is mainly about the movement of these materials. Understanding soil erosion is crucial for managing land and preserving ecosystems.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Sedimentation is a geological process where particles transported by water, wind, or ice settle in a new location. This process is essential for creating new landforms such as deltas and riverbanks. Although similar to weathering in that it deals with materials, sedimentation is concerned with the deposition rather than the breakdown of materials and does not focus on the weathering process that precedes erosion.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Weathering contributes to the landscape changes over millions of years, but human activities like deforestation and urban development have accelerated erosion. This anthropogenic influence alters the natural balance and can lead to increased sedimentation in rivers. While this document discusses weathering's long-term effects, it shifts the emphasis to human impact, thus straying from the more natural focus of the original user query."
}
```
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what is special about the human brain
|
Our brain is three times larger than a gorilla brain. 2:48 The human brain also seems special in the amount of energy that it uses. Although it weighs only two percent of the body, it alone uses 25 percent of all the energy that your body requires to run per day. That's 500 calories out of a total of 2,000 calories, just to keep your brain working.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create three hard negative samples, I looked closely at the user_query and positive_document about the human brain's size and energy consumption compared to a gorilla's brain. I wanted to generate documents that reference brains, energy usage, and animals but diverge from the specific facts about size and energy. I focused on documents that discuss unrelated animals, brain function in different contexts, and energy needs of other species, which could distract from the original query while maintaining keyword relevance.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "While the elephant has a massive body size, its brain is smaller relative to its size compared to many mammals. Elephants use a considerable amount of energy due to their size, but their brains account for only a fraction of their overall energy needs. A typical elephant consumes around 150 pounds of food daily, supporting various bodily functions that require significant energy, though the specific energy use by the brain is not as pronounced as in smaller animals.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Dolphins are known for their complex brains, which are larger than those of many land mammals in proportion to their body sizes. They exhibit remarkable problem-solving skills and social behaviors, using energy efficiently while hunting. Interestingly, their brain uses about 20% of their total energy, which highlights the need for high energy sources in aquatic environments where they thrive, despite their brain size being smaller than that of humans.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Chimpanzees, our closest relatives, have brains that are significantly smaller than that of humans, yet they show impressive cognitive abilities. Their brain development is influenced by their social structures and environmental challenges they face. Chimpanzees require a diet rich in fruits and leaves, and their energy consumption is optimized for their smaller brains compared to humans. Understanding their behavior helps scientists learn more about evolution and cognitive functions in the animal kingdom."
}
```
|
what minimum standard is for temp silt fence
|
Except for the ends, the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest point. along the top of the silt fence shall not exceed one-third the fence height. Posts should be spaced a maximum of 6 feet (1.9 m) apart and driven securely into the. ground a minimum of 30 inches (0.8 m).
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative documents, I first analyzed the user query which pertains to regulations regarding the height and spacing of silt fences. Next, I identified relevant keywords such as 'height', 'spacing', 'posts', and 'ground'. I then created three documents that employ these keywords but diverge in content. For the first document, I focused on tree planting regulations which mention spacing and height but are irrelevant to silt fences. The second document discusses fencing types which could be confused with silt fences but does not provide specific regulations. The third document references building codes related to elevation differences but shifts the context away from silt fence specifications. Each document is written at an intermediate education level and is of similar length to the positive document.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "When planting trees, the distance between each tree should generally be at least 5 feet apart to allow for proper growth and sunlight. Additionally, trees should not exceed a height of 10 feet in small urban gardens to maintain visibility and aesthetics. Ground preparation is critical; soil should be tilled to a depth of 12 inches to ensure healthy root development.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Different types of fencing are often used in residential areas, including picket fences and chain-link fences. The spacing of posts for a wooden picket fence usually depends on the material used, with posts typically placed every 4 to 8 feet depending on the fence's design. Fences should generally be around 6 feet in height for privacy, but local ordinances may vary, requiring check for any height restrictions.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "In architectural guidelines, the difference in elevation must be accounted for when constructing buildings or outdoor features. It is recommended that any elevation change should not exceed one-quarter of the total height of the structure to maintain safety and accessibility. Furthermore, materials used must adhere to standard specifications for durability and longevity in various environmental conditions."
}
```
|
cost of kids passports
|
1 An estimate of the total cost of a new passport for your child/children can be obtained using the Estimate Your Costs calculator. 2 According to Family Vacation Critic, a website that features reviews of family-friendly hotels, resorts, destinations and attractions, the application fee for children below 16 is $80. The passports are valid for 5 years until the age of 16, at which time a new passport will be required. 2 The requirements needed when applying for a minor passport are as follows: evidence of citizenship, photo identification, parental consent, passport photo, application forms, and passport fees.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate three hard negative documents, we start by analyzing the user_query and the positive_document. The user_query pertains to estimates for obtaining a new passport for children, including application fees and requirements. The positive_document provides specific fees and details required for minors. To create hard negatives, we will craft documents that mention children's passports or related processes but diverge in context. The hard negative documents will focus on unrelated fees (like adult passports), other travel documents (like visas), or requirements that are not applicable to minors, while still using similar keywords to create mistrust at a glance.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Applying for an adult passport can sometimes be confusing. The application fee for adults is typically higher, around $110. Adult passports also have a different validity period of 10 years. It's important for adults to gather their birth certificate, photo ID, and a new passport photo when applying.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "If you're planning an international trip, you may also need to consider applying for a travel visa instead of a passport. Visa requirements vary by country and can include proof of travel, application forms, and potentially higher fees depending on the destination and length of stay.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The process of renewing a passport is slightly different from applying for a new one. To renew, individuals usually must submit their most recent passport, along with a payment of $110. This process typically applies to those who are 16 and older, making it crucial for travelers to be aware of these guidelines."
}
```
|
how do we know the age of the universe
|
Answer Wiki. The best available information indicates that the age of the universe is 13.7 billion years. Hubble has helped to measure the age of the universe using two different methods. The first method involves measuring the speeds and distances of galaxies. Because all of the galaxies in the universe are generally moving apart, we infer that they must all have been much closer together sometime in the past.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I will analyze the user_query and positive_document to identify key concepts and topics. The positive_document discusses the age of the universe, Hubble's measurements, and the movement of galaxies. Therefore, the hard negative documents will also mention similar keywords such as 'age of the universe', 'galaxies', or 'space'. However, they will diverge in a way that does not directly answer the query. The first hard negative will focus on the concept of black holes, which are related but do not address the age of the universe. The second one will discuss the solar system instead, providing information that is tangentially related but ultimately off-topic. The third will mention a historical figure in astronomy but not provide relevant information specific to the query about the universe's age.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Black holes are fascinating objects in space. They are formed when a massive star collapses under its own gravity. Their gravitation is so strong that not even light can escape from them. Scientists study black holes to understand more about gravity and the behavior of matter under extreme conditions. Observations of black holes can sometimes relate to the structure of the universe, but they do not help in determining the age of the universe.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "The solar system consists of the Sun and all the objects that orbit it, including eight planets like Earth, Mars, and Jupiter. Each planet has distinct characteristics and takes various amounts of time to orbit the Sun. The solar system itself is just a small part of our galaxy, the Milky Way, and is not directly related to understanding how old the entire universe is.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Galileo Galilei was a pioneering astronomer known for his use of the telescope to study the heavens. He made significant contributions to astronomy and is often referred to as the 'father of observational astronomy'. His discoveries included the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus. While Galileo's work laid the foundation for modern astrophysics, it does not provide insights into the actual age of the universe."
}
```
|
definition doula
|
Doula. A doula, is a nonmedical person who assists a woman before, during, or after childbirth, as well as her partner and/or family by providing information, physical assistance, and emotional support.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I first identify key terms and themes from the user query and the positive document. The user query is 'Doula', and the positive document discusses the role of a doula in childbirth and support. I need to create documents that mention related terms such as 'birth' and 'support', but deviate in context to ensure they do not truly answer the user's information need. The first hard negative document will focus on a midwife, a related role but distinct from a doula. The second hard negative document will discuss postpartum depression, mentioning support but in a clinical context. The third document will provide information about childbirth education classes, which may be perceived as support but lacks the personal assistance aspect that a doula offers. Each document will maintain a similar length and use intermediate-level language.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "A midwife is a trained professional who specializes in childbirth and the care of women during pregnancy and postpartum. Unlike a doula, midwives provide medical support and can deliver babies in various settings, such as hospitals or homes. They monitor the progress of labor and provide medical interventions when necessary, which allows them to play a critical role in the birth process. They also offer guidance to new parents on infant care and breastfeeding, focusing on the health and safety of both mother and child.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Postpartum depression is a mental health condition that affects many new mothers after childbirth. It involves feelings of extreme sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion that can interfere with their ability to care for themselves and their newborn. Support for mothers experiencing this condition often comes from healthcare providers and may involve therapy or medication. Family and friends play a key role in providing emotional and practical assistance, ensuring that new mothers receive the help they need during this challenging time.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Childbirth education classes are designed to prepare expectant parents for the process of labor and delivery. These classes cover various topics, including stages of labor, pain relief options, and newborn care. Instructors often emphasize the importance of communication between partners and the healthcare team during delivery. While these classes provide valuable information on childbirth, they do not offer the personalized emotional and physical support that a doula provides during and after the birth experience."
}
```
|
what causes liver damage in children
|
Of all prescription medications, antibiotics are the leading cause of liver failure in children. Drug-induced liver injury, whether caused by antibiotics or other types of prescription medicines and over-the-counter drugs, are more likely to occur in children older than 2 years.
|
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I first identify the key topics in the user_query and positive_document, which focus on prescription medications and their effects on liver failure in children. I need to create documents that involve related subjects, like medications and health issues, but diverge from the specific content. I will maintain similar terminology but ensure the documents do not directly address the effects of antibiotics on liver failure. The documents will focus on different medications, health conditions, or populations without being directly relevant to the key concern of the user_query.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Many over-the-counter medications can cause side effects in children, particularly those under 2 years old. Common pain relievers and cold medications should be used with caution. It’s important to carefully read the dosage instructions and be aware of potential allergic reactions, especially in younger children, who may react differently to medications compared to adults.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "While antibiotics are often used to treat infections in children, there are also concerns about the appropriateness of various medications. Parents should be aware that some prescription medications can lead to gastrointestinal issues, particularly if not taken properly. Doctors emphasize the importance of adherence to prescribed dosages, as misuse can lead to various complications in young patients.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Children's health can be significantly affected by vaccinations and medication administration. The safety protocols for prescribing medications in children are evaluated regularly to prevent adverse effects. Notably, children over the age of 6 months may react differently to different forms of medication, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and informed decisions by caregivers in the healthcare process."
}
|
who was taxed the stamp acts
|
The Stamp Act of 1765 was the first internal tax levied directly on American colonists by the British government. The act, which imposed a tax on all paper documents in the colonies, came at a time when the British Empire was deep in debt from the Seven Yearsâ War (1756-63) and looking to its North American colonies as a revenue source.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate three hard negative documents, I will identify key themes and keywords present in the positive document related to the Stamp Act of 1765 and its historical context. The positive document discusses taxation, the British Empire, American colonists, and the Seven Years' War. I will create negative documents that contain similar keywords but shift the focus away from direct taxation or the specific act, instead addressing related topics like military, war treaties, or colonial resistance, which might initially seem relevant but ultimately do not answer the user query about the Stamp Act.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The British Empire engaged in numerous military conflicts during the 18th century, significantly impacting its colonies. One major conflict was the Seven Years' War, which ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. This treaty reshaped territorial claims in North America, leading to tensions between British authorities and the colonists over land ownership and governance, even though it didn't impose any specific taxes on the colonists directly.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "In the mid-1700s, American colonists began to resist British rule in various ways, including protests and formation of groups like the Sons of Liberty. These groups were formed largely in response to various laws and regulations introduced by the British government. Despite the lack of direct taxes being levied at that time, the feeling of discontent among colonists was growing due to the overarching control and governance imposed by Britain.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The Seven Years' War was a significant conflict that involved many nations, including those in Europe and the Americas. It resulted in territorial changes and influenced the relationships between colonial governments and native tribes in North America. The British powers sought to maintain control over their new territories, which led to various military actions in the years following the war, affecting the political landscape but not directly resulting in the creation of any new taxes during its aftermath."
}
```
|
what is a stronger migraine medication the fioricet
|
Fioricet for the treatment of migraine headaches: an introduction. Fioricet is a combination of acetaminophen (Tylenolâs main ingredient), caffeine and butalbital. Fioricet is a member of the barbiturate class of medications. Because it contains acetaminophen and caffeine, it is also a pain reliever and a stimulant. How Fioricet for migraines works.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I first analyze the core elements of the user query about Fioricet for migraines and the provided positive document detailing its components and mechanism. Then, I formulate three documents that closely resemble the topic of pain relief or migraines in structure and vocabulary, making them appear relevant. However, each document will subtly shift away from discussing Fioricet specifically or its effectiveness, instead focusing on other medications, treatments, or unrelated aspects of migraines. This approach ensures that they superficially address the user's query but do not truly resolve it.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Tylenol and Its Role in Pain Management: A Study. Tylenol, known for its effectiveness in relieving mild pains, works by blocking the production of certain chemicals in the brain. While it is often used to treat headaches, its efficacy in severe migraines is limited. Patients are also advised to consider other over-the-counter options for varying pain levels.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Understanding Caffeine's Impact on Headaches: An Overview. Caffeine is known for stimulating the central nervous system and is often added to various headache medications. However, relying solely on caffeine for migraine treatment may not provide long-term relief. It is important for individuals to consult healthcare providers to find a comprehensive approach for managing their headaches.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Barbiturates: A Brief History and Their Decline in Modern Medicine. Barbiturates were once common for treating anxiety and sleep disorders. However, due to their addictive nature and the development of safer alternatives, their use has decreased significantly. This shift illustrates the evolution of treatment methodologies in medicine, particularly for conditions like stress headaches."
}
```
|
what is nbt solution used for
|
BCIP-NBT Solution is a 5-bromo, 4-chloro, 3-indolylphosphate (BCIP)/Nitro-Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) substrate, used for the localization of alkaline phosphatase (AP) labeled probes on western, northern, southern and dot blots.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I examined the keywords and concepts present in the positive document, which focuses on BCIP-NBT as a substrate used in various biology techniques, specifically related to alkaline phosphatase localization. I looked for documents that incorporate similar terminology, such as 'substrate', 'alkaline phosphatase', and 'blots', but that subtly diverge in context. The hard negatives will mention related biological techniques or substances while not directly addressing the specific BCIP-NBT solution's application.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The substrate used for detecting RNA in northern blots is often an enzyme-linked method that utilizes various compounds for signal generation, though substances like nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) can be involved in colorimetric reactions in AP labeling processes.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "BCIP is commonly used in conjunction with alkaline phosphatase for creating visible colorimetric results in assays, and similar enzyme substrates are employed in various biochemical techniques, including protein analysis and enzyme activity monitoring.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Western blotting techniques often utilize different substrates that can respond with alkaline phosphatase to produce colors, such as those found in immunodetection protocols with chemiluminescence, offering researchers reliable visualization methods."
}
```
|
what percentage of small business provide insurance for employees
|
Fewer businesses provide health insurance. Employee health insurance is on the decline, and for small businesses, it's gone from bad to worse. The share of small companies providing insurance plummeted from 47% to 38% between the years 2000 and 2011, according to a report from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I start by analyzing the user query and the positive document. The positive document discusses the decline of health insurance provision among small businesses, supported by specific statistics from 2000 to 2011. To create hard negatives, I will look for documents that discuss related topics such as health insurance, business practices, or employment benefits but diverge in focus or context. Each hard negative should contain similar keywords like 'health insurance' and 'small businesses', but should present information that misleads or does not directly relate to the decline in insurance provision specifically among small companies. I will ensure the documents are plausible, diverse, and maintain a similar length to the positive document.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Many small businesses have begun to explore alternative employee benefits, such as wellness programs. Instead of providing traditional health insurance, these companies are investing in initiatives that promote overall employee health. There has been a growing trend to offer fitness memberships and preventive health screenings, attracting more employees without the burden of costly health insurance packages.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "The landscape of employee benefits has shifted significantly, with many small businesses starting to offer flexible work arrangements. A new survey indicates that over 40% of employees prefer work-from-home options over traditional health insurance benefits. As a result, small businesses are adapting to these preferences, creating a culture where benefits are now more about work-life balance than health coverage.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Health insurance has seen some changes in recent years, with larger corporations leading the way in offering more comprehensive packages. However, small businesses face significant challenges that may lead them to focus on offering competitive salaries instead of insurance benefits. Recent studies show that workers often evaluate their job offers based on salary, causing small enterprises to adjust their compensation strategies rather than improve health insurance offerings."
}
```
|
hurtles definition
|
Definition of hurtle for English Language Learners. : 1 to move or fall with great speed and force. : 2 to cause (something or someone) to move or go with great speed and force.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I will take the keywords and topics from the positive document, which defines 'hurtle' in terms of speed and force. I will create documents that use similar language (like 'speed' and 'force') but apply them in contexts that do not actually define or clarify the term 'hurtle'. This involves using definitions that relate to movement, but not specifically to the act of hurtling or the nuances of its meanings. By ensuring that the documents are related to movement or force in some way, they will superficially seem relevant yet subtly diverge from the query's specific need for a definition.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Definition of accelerate for English Language Learners: 1 to move or cause to move faster; 2 to increase in speed over time, often related to vehicles or growth.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Definition of rush for English Language Learners: 1 to move with urgency or speed; 2 to hurry up or to cause someone to act quickly, often used in the context of social situations or movements.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Definition of propel for English Language Learners: 1 to drive or push something forward; 2 to cause an object to move in a particular direction using force, often used in physics."
}
```
|
does apnea mean shortness of breath
|
People with sleep apnea often wake up suddenly due to shortness of breath. Upon waking, they may also choke, snort, or gasp. You may not even be aware of some of these symptoms while you sleep, but waking up feeling out of breath is a strong indicator that you have sleep apnea.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I first identified key elements from the user_query and positive_document. The positive_document discusses sleep apnea symptoms related to waking up due to breath issues. I then created documents that include similar keywords such as 'waking up', 'breath', and 'sleep', but I ensured that the context slightly diverged. I focused on common sleep issues that are relatable but do not specifically relate to sleep apnea. This way, the negative documents appear relevant while ultimately not answering the user's query about sleep apnea.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Many people experience frequent awakenings during the night due to various reasons like nightmares, restless legs, or even heartburn. While some might find themselves waking up and feeling uncomfortable or agitated, these symptoms are often linked to anxiety or stress rather than a specific medical condition. Understanding one's sleep patterns can help improve restful nights.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "It's common for individuals to occasionally wake up during the night due to environmental factors such as noise or temperature changes. This can lead to feelings of fatigue during the day. Learning how to create a comfortable sleep environment can greatly aid in achieving uninterrupted sleep and improve overall health.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Sleep disorders can vary, with some individuals experiencing insomnia, which is the difficulty in falling or staying asleep. Insomnia can lead to feeling tired the next day but is often related to lifestyle factors, including screen time before bed or caffeine consumption. Identifying what contributes to poor sleep can help in managing and improving sleep quality."
}
```
|
how many days dog is in gestation
|
The Gestation Period for Dogs is approximately 59-65 days from the first breeding. Dogs will not always conceive after one breeding and will generally mate multiple times in one cycle. The Dog Gestation Period Calculator above attempts to generalize the estimation of the due date without any additional factors using a 62 day gestation period for dogs.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I will first identify key themes and terms from the user query about the gestation period for dogs and the positive_document. The relevant topics include gestation period, breeding, dogs, and reproductive cycles. Next, I will look for concepts related to dogs that are plausible but do not directly answer the user's query about gestation. This includes topics like the age at which dogs can breed, signs of pregnancy in dogs, and care tips for pregnant dogs. Although these documents will share keywords and topics related to dogs and breeding, they won't provide information specifically about the gestation period, thereby serving as effective hard negatives.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Dogs typically reach sexual maturity between six months to one year of age, and during this time, they may have multiple heat cycles. Owners often wonder how to handle a dog that is in heat and what signs to look for, such as increased interest from male dogs or behavioral changes. It's important to educate dog owners about the responsibilities that come with breeding and the impact of mate selection on offspring health.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "When taking care of a pregnant dog, it's essential to provide her with a balanced diet and regular veterinary check-ups. Signs that a dog is pregnant can include changes in appetite, behavior, and physical appearance. Owners should prepare for the possibility of giving birth and ensure that they have a safe space for the dog's comfort and the well-being of the puppies once they arrive.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Dog breeding involves intricate decisions that can affect the health of the dog and the future puppies. Many dog owners consider the breed, health history, and temperament of both the male and female dogs before breeding. Resources on responsible breeding practices emphasize the importance of understanding genetic traits and potential health issues that can arise in certain breeds."
}
```
|
what is the weather in belize in october
|
Weather in October. Northerly breezes bring heavier rainfall, and October temperatures in Belize cool down to a monthly average of 79°F (26°C). Daytime highs of around 84°F (29°C) and lows of 75°F (24°C) are common, as are occasional ânorthersâ, two or three day storms often centred around the Maya Mountains.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I start by identifying the keywords and themes from the user query 'Weather in October' and the provided positive document about October weather in Belize. I focus on related topics such as weather, temperatures, and seasonal descriptions. Next, I craft documents that appear to be about weather in October but shift the context or location subtly to create divergence. This way, they seem relevant to the user query but do not provide accurate information about weather in Belize specifically during October.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Weather in October can vary greatly depending on the region. In some places, it marks the start of autumn, resulting in cooler temperatures and the shedding of leaves. For example, cities in the northern United States may experience daytime highs of about 60°F (16°C) and expect more rainfall compared to summer months, which is different from tropical places that typically remain warm.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "October brings changes in weather patterns in many parts of the world. In Europe, countries such as the United Kingdom see an increase in rainy days, with an average temperature of 55°F (13°C). On the other hand, places in the southern hemisphere might be enjoying spring, where temperatures can reach a pleasant 70°F (21°C), showcasing the global variance in October weather.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "In October, residents of southern regions often enjoy a warm climate while preparing for winter. In Australia, for instance, temperatures start to rise, averaging around 77°F (25°C). October is also known for sporadic weather patterns, which can include thunderstorms and sunny days, making it a delightful yet unpredictable month for outdoor activities."
}
```
|
what kind of doctor do you see if you have a stiff neck
|
You can often treat these spells of neck pain yourself with over-the-counter painkillers and by finding the right balance between rest and gentle exercise to ease stiffness. If your pain lasts more than a few days, then you should see your doctor or a physiotherapist in case you have a more complex problem. You should also speak to them if you: 1 have symptoms other than pain and stiffness. have pain, tingling, numbness or weakness in your arms.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "First, I analyzed the user_query and positive_document to identify key topics and context. The primary focus is on managing neck pain with self-care, including over-the-counter painkillers, rest, and exercise, and when to seek professional help. Therefore, I will generate hard negative documents that address neck pain but introduce misleading or irrelevant advice, diverging from the genuine self-care management the user seeks. I will create three distinct documents, each focusing on different aspects or suggestions related to neck pain, yet ultimately steering away from the appropriate self-management strategies detailed in the positive_document.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "If you experience severe neck pain, it's important to immediately purchase a neck brace to immobilize your neck. Avoid any form of exercise, as this can exacerbate the injury. You should also consider using ice packs continuously for up to 48 hours without rest to reduce inflammation. If there’s no improvement within a week, consulting an emergency room is imperative.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "In cases of neck pain, alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or chiropractic adjustments, can be beneficial for some individuals. Over-the-counter painkillers might provide temporary relief, but it’s critical to focus solely on these therapies. Engaging in any exercises without professional supervision can be dangerous, so always rely on traditional practices instead of self-directed care.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Neck pain can be a sign of a serious condition, and one should be cautious about home treatments. Rather than trying to manage pain with exercises or medications, patients should schedule a comprehensive MRI scan immediately. Additionally, consulting a specialist who only focuses on surgical solutions may be the best course of action to ensure no serious issues are overlooked."
}
```
|
meaning of append
|
append. 1 to add as a supplement, accessory, or appendix; subjoin: to append a note to a letter. 2 to attach or suspend as a pendant. 3 to sign a document with; affix: to append one's signature to a will.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I need to focus on related but distinct meanings of 'append' or similar processes. These documents should incorporate similar vocabulary but redirect towards a different context. For hard_negative_document_1, I can discuss 'adding' in a different scenario that is not about appending in relation to documents. For hard_negative_document_2, I will talk about 'attachment' but in a creative context, rather than a legal context. For hard_negative_document_3, I will present a 'pendant' in a decorative sense, which likewise misdirects from the idea of appending to a document.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "1 to add a supplement or additional feature; incorporate: to add a new chapter to a book. 2 to join or merge together things that are alike. 3 in mathematics, to combine numbers to find a total; for example, adding two plus two.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "1 to attach something, often in the context of art: to create an attachment of colors while painting. 2 to bind pieces in design, like attaching fabric in sewing. 3 a personal letter, where you might attach a picture to share memories.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "1 an ornament or piece of jewelry hanging from a chain: to wear a pendant in a necklace. 2 to decorate a room: to suspend lights or flowers for appeal. 3 to showcase items in a display case: to present various pendants beautifully arranged."
}
```
|
what game is quidditch?
|
This game reproduces Quidditch from the Harry Potter books pretty faithfully, but this strength is also a weakness. Two teams of 7 players move across the board, trying to get the opportunity to shoot the Quaffle through the other team's 3 hoops with a catapult.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create three hard negative samples, I will identify key elements from the positive document related to Quidditch and the Harry Potter series. I will then craft documents that use similar terminology and themes but diverge in focus. The first document may mention a different sport, maintaining the keyword 'Quidditch' but not discussing gameplay. The second document might center on a non-associated aspect of the Harry Potter world, like magical creatures, using familiar language but irrelevant to the game. The third document will make a vague reference to the Harry Potter series, such as discussing the general concept of sports in wizarding schools, without specifics about gameplay. This ensures the documents initially seem relevant yet do not fulfill the user's query about the game aspects of Quidditch.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "In the world of Hogwarts, many magical sports exist, including Quidditch, which is popular among students. However, another favorite game played in wizarding schools is Gobstones, where players compete to win by getting the most points, but it doesn't involve flying on broomsticks. Gobstones is quite strategic, relying on the ability to use special stones that can spit at opponents.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Harry Potter and his friends often encounter various magical creatures during their adventures, such as hippogriffs and house-elves. These creatures have unique traits and play significant roles in the narrative. While Quidditch is a well-known sport, the magical creatures add depth to the wizarding world, demonstrating the diversity of beings that inhabit it.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Sports are an essential part of student life at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Wizarding sports, including Quidditch, are enjoyed by many students. However, some students prefer classic sports played in the Muggle world, such as soccer or baseball, focusing on teamwork and strategy, contrasting with the thrilling and high-flying adventures of Quidditch."
}
```
|
actress who played brooke in bold and beautiful
|
Katherine Kelly Lang. Katherine Kelly Lang originated the role of âBrooke Logan,â the showâs quintessential heroine, at THE BOLD AND BEAUTIFULâs inception on March 23, 1987. Lang is one of three children in a show business family.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative documents, I will first analyze the user_query about Katherine Kelly Lang and the provided positive_document, which discusses her role on 'The Bold and the Beautiful.' I'll focus on generating misleading documents that include similar keywords such as 'Katherine Kelly Lang,' 'television,' and 'acting,' but shift the content to other actors, shows, or unrelated aspects of the entertainment industry. Each negative document will be framed to suggest a connection to the user_query while not providing the correct information regarding Katherine Kelly Lang's contributions or her character on the show.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Katherine Kelly is a talented actress known for her work on various television shows. She has starred in numerous films and was recognized for her contributions to the entertainment field. In the late 1980s, the television industry saw a significant rise in popular soap operas, with several actresses rising to fame during this period. Her career spanned various television genres, showcasing her versatility.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Katherine Langford is an actress recognized for her role in a popular show about teenagers navigating their lives. The program aired in the late 2010s and grabbed many viewers' attention with engaging storytelling. Unlike soap operas, this show tackled issues faced by the youth and became a cultural phenomenon during its run, proving that diverse narratives can resonate with audiences.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Katherine Kelly has appeared in various television roles, often reflecting themes of love and family. Other notable shows during the 1980s included dramas that explored complex relationships among characters. The portrayals by actors in these shows often left a lasting impact on viewers, leading to critical discussions about their performances and the stories depicted on screen."
}
```
|
what is a door sash
|
Doors and window-sash were done by hand, the lumber having to be seasoned after it was hauled to the spot. Sawing boards by hand for floor and doors, making sash and shingles, is an after and longer process. The doors or sashes were round-headed and glazed with plate glass, three plates of which were 7 ft. 6 in.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I will first analyze the key topics and phrases present in the positive document, which discusses the manual crafting of doors and window sashes, the process involved, and specific measurements. I will then generate documents that include similar keywords such as 'doors', 'windows', 'handmade', and 'glass', but divert from the specific context or processes outlined in the positive document. Each document will appear relevant but will address different aspects that do not satisfy the user query completely.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "In many homes, modern doors are often pre-made and installed by professionals. The process of making them by hand is less common today. Instead, builders typically use materials that are ready to assemble, which can save time and labor. While some people still appreciate handcrafted features, most windows nowadays use double glazing to improve efficiency. The standard measurements for one type of modern door are usually around 6 feet 8 inches in height and come in various widths.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "The crafting of furniture and fixtures in homes often utilizes power tools, making the process faster than the traditional hand methods. Many items such as doors, windows, and cabinets can now be found in stores where they are mass-produced. While handmade products hold a charm, the practicality of using machinery cannot be overlooked. For instance, the typical length of a residential door varies widely but often falls around 80 inches, which is considered average in contemporary construction practices.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "In historic construction, many elements such as cabinetry and backboards were constructed from locally sourced wood, much like doors and windows. However, the notion of crafting these by hand is becoming increasingly rare as technology advances. Instead, many households now opt for shutters and blinds that can be adjusted electronically. It's interesting to note that traditional craftsmanship can still be seen in artisan markets where unique pieces are created, often featuring glass designs that resemble vintage styles.",
}
```
|
how much does babysitting pay hourly
|
A high school student with little or no experience would normally earn much less than an experienced adult. All other factors aside, teenagers are often more than happy to babysit for $5 per hour whereas an adult with a number of years experience as a nanny or sitter would expect at least $10 per hour.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I will first identify key themes and topics from the user_query and positive_document. Both discuss the earnings of teenagers versus adults in babysitting and the variations due to experience. Therefore, hard negatives should relate to hiring or payment in childcare but use different scenarios or implications. I also ensure that the negative documents superficially appear relevant but diverge in important details that change the expected answer to the user_query.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "When considering hiring a teenager for babysitting, it’s important to evaluate their responsibilities and the hours they can commit. Some families may find that hiring a college student, even with less babysitting experience, can often yield better results as they can handle more complex tasks while earning a slightly higher wage, sometimes around $8 per hour due to their availability and maturity compared to younger teens.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Many adults who offer babysitting services often undergo training that focuses on safety and child development. They might charge rates upward of $15 per hour, reflecting their certifications and reliability. In some cases, however, families appreciate the energy and creative play style of teenagers, making them willing to adjust their rates based on the teen's enthusiasm and willingness to handle smaller tasks for less pay.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The market for babysitting varies significantly based on the location and type of care required. Younger sitters often charge rates around $6-7, and while parents might be cost-conscious, they are also concerned about the quality of care. Adults in caregiving roles often emphasize their years of experience, expecting rates closer to $12-$15 per hour, especially if they cover multiple children or require specialized skills like first aid certification."
}
```
|
how much does it cost to mulch
|
Cost to Deliver Mulch. Mulch usually ranges in price from $10-$60 per cubic yard (27 square feet), not including delivery or spreading. 1 Rough wood chips fall on the low end of that range, while high-quality woods like cedar fall on the high end. 2 Most bark mulch and wood chips fall cost $20-$30 per cubic yard.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I first analyze the keywords and context from the user_query 'Cost to Deliver Mulch' and the positive_document discussing mulch prices. I then create documents that mention 'mulch' and provide seemingly relevant information about related topics (such as delivery or landscaping costs) while avoiding any direct answers to the specific query regarding costs and delivery specifics. This ensures they share thematic relevance but are contextually misleading.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "When considering landscaping materials, mulch is often chosen for its aesthetic and functional benefits. However, the overall cost for landscaping also includes the price of labor and various materials, which can significantly increase total expenditure. Quality landscaping can lead to better moisture retention and weed suppression, making it a long-term investment rather than a straightforward product cost.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "The delivery methods for gardening supplies vary widely, influencing overall project timelines. Some gardeners opt for self-pickup of items like mulch, while others prefer delivery to save time. Additionally, different companies may have their own delivery schedules, which can impact when materials arrive at the site. It's essential to consider logistics when planning landscaping projects.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "In home improvement projects, various materials, including mulch, can be essential for creating decorative gardens or improving soil health. Some homeowners prefer using organic options, while others go with manufactured types. When planning such projects, it’s vital to evaluate all costs involved, including potential contractor fees and material alternatives that might impact overall home value."
}
```
|
what is a r&r in a kia car
|
Used Kia Cars for sale in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. R & R Cars are a used car dealer based in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. We offer quality used cars at affordable prices. For more information on any of the vehicles below please contact us on 0114 245 9111 or email sales@randrcars.co.uk
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I will maintain the context of the used car market while altering key details to ensure the documents do not actually address the user's query about used Kia cars in Sheffield. Each document will use similar keywords such as 'used cars' and 'Sheffield' but will diverge to either reference a different car make or a different type of service that is related but not the same. This way, the relevance to the original query is undermined while still sounding plausible.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Used Ford Cars for sale in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. Smith's Motors is a reputable car dealership located in Sheffield. We have a wide selection of used Ford cars, focusing on quality and affordability. Visit our website to view our inventory or contact us at 0114 256 1234 for inquiries.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Pre-owned Tesla Models available in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. Green Cars is dedicated to selling eco-friendly vehicles. Our showroom in Sheffield features a range of pre-owned Tesla cars known for their technology and performance. Call us at 0114 245 6789 to learn more about our services.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Certified Second-hand SUVs for sale in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. Urban Motors specializes in providing certified used SUVs in Sheffield. We ensure all our vehicles undergo thorough inspections. For details on our available models, reach us at 0114 245 7890 or visit our site."
}
```
|
webster family definition
|
Definition of Family. n. 1. The collective body of persons who live in one house, and under one head or manager; a household, including parents, children, and servants, and, as the case may be, lodgers or boarders.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples for the user_query 'Definition of Family', I will focus on related concepts such as household, kinship, and societal groups. The hard negatives should contain terminology similar to the positive_document yet deviate in meaning or context. For example, I can include definitions related to groups of people living together, but vary the focus away from the traditional notion of a family. The negative documents will include variations on the concept of collective living arrangements or roles within them that do not align with the definition specifically about family.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Definition of Community. n. 1. A group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common; a collective body that shares resources and supports various activities, but not necessarily related by blood or law.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Definition of Household. n. 1. All the persons living together in a single residence, including individuals who may share responsibilities such as chores or financial obligations; can include unrelated roommates or tenants, differing from familial ties.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Definition of Kin. n. 1. A group of persons related to one another by blood or marriage, emphasizing relationships across generations; while related, this term does not specifically encapsulate the living situation or household dynamics of a family."
}
```
|
is gonorrhea viral or bacterial
|
Gonorrhea bacteria can grow in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, including the cervix (opening to the womb), uterus (womb), and fallopian tubes (egg canals) in women, and in the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body) in women and men.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate the hard negative samples, I will focus on general information related to bacteria and different infections while avoiding specifics about gonorrhea and its bacteria targeting the reproductive tract. I will include details about other bacteria and infections to create plausible yet incorrect answers that still use related terminology. The key is to create documents that sound informative and relevant but do not provide the specific context that the user query seeks.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Chlamydia is another sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria. The bacteria can infect the cervix, urethra, and sometimes the throat and rectum. Symptoms can include unusual discharge and pain during urination, although many individuals remain asymptomatic. Chlamydia is often diagnosed through urine tests or swabs, making early detection important for treatment.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Known as a wastewater bacterium, E. coli can thrive in moist environments and is often associated with food poisoning. While typically found in the intestines, some strains can cause illnesses outside the digestive tract. Symptoms of E. coli infection can include severe abdominal cramps and diarrhea. It is crucial to maintain hygiene and proper cooking temperatures to prevent infection.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common condition in women caused by an overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina. It can result in symptoms like unusual discharge and a fishy odor but is different from infections like gonorrhea. BV is often treated with antibiotics, and while it can recur, maintaining a healthy balance of vaginal bacteria can help.",
}
```
|
how much is a superintendent salary in new york
|
A Construction Superintendent in New York, New York earns an average salary of $88,305 per year. The highest paying skills associated with this job are Safety Compliance and Microsoft Project. Experience has a moderate effect on income for this job.$58,667 - $142,235. Construction Superintendent in New York, New York earns an average salary of $88,305 per year. The highest paying skills associated with this job are Safety Compliance and Microsoft Project. Experience has a moderate effect on income for this job.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I will identify keywords and topics related to the user query and the positive document, such as 'Construction Superintendent', 'New York', 'salary', 'skills', and 'experience'. I will create documents that mention these terms but focus on different job roles or geographical locations, or provide unrelated salary information to subtly diverge from the user's information need while still appearing relevant.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "A Construction Manager in California earns an average salary of $80,000 per year, which can vary widely based on experience and location. The key skills contributing to higher pay for this role include Project Management and Leadership. In this field, having certifications can greatly influence salary prospects. The expected salary range goes from $60,000 to $120,000.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "In New York, an Average Project Coordinator can expect to make around $70,000 annually. Skills such as Time Management and Communication are critical for success in this role. While experience is important, it does not have as much impact on earnings compared to other roles in construction. Typical salaries range from $50,000 to $100,000.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "A Building Contractor in Texas can earn an average salary of $75,000 per year, depending on work volume and client contracts. Important skills include Negotiation and Quality Control. The income can vary significantly, with potential earnings ranging broadly from $55,000 to $105,000. Industry trends show that contractors with specialized skills tend to outperform generalists."
}
```
|
hummus calories per serving
|
âRealâ hummus, should contain about 175 calories, out of which 70-80 calories are contributed by fat. The average Israeli eats 8-10 kilograms (18-22 pounds) of hummus every year, so weâre talking about extra 15,000 calories which can make him gain about 2.5kg of body weight each year. So you can see how excessive consumption of the packaged product might be fattening over the years. The common serving size of hummus (real hummus, that is), which is around one cup (220-240g) may contain 400-450 calories. And every pita (âpita breadâ) contains another 270, so itâs not really âdietaryâ.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I need to identify documents that contain keywords and topics related to hummus, calories, and consumption, similar to those in the positive document. These documents should initially appear to address the user query but subtly diverge in context. I will create documents that discuss hummus or similar foods but provide misleading information regarding health impacts or misinterpret the caloric content, making them seem plausible yet incorrect.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Hummus is often thought of as a healthy alternative, but it's important to note that many store-bought varieties can contain as much as 600 calories per serving. A diet high in branded hummus may contribute to weight loss due to its low-fat content compared to other dips. On average, people eat 3-4 kilograms of hummus each year, which is far less than the average potato chip consumption. So, substituting hummus for chips can result in significant weight reduction over time.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Many people believe hummus has numerous health benefits and is low in calories. However, a typical serving of store-bought hummus can contain upwards of 500 calories, which might lead to increased caloric intake if consumed in large quantities. In fact, the average person might eat around 5 kilograms of hummus per year, potentially gaining weight if they don't maintain an active lifestyle, but eating hummus is definitely better than consuming other high-calorie spreads.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Hummus is praised for its nutritional properties and is often labeled as a healthy snack, boasting approximately 250 calories per serving. However, excessive consumption can lead to unwanted weight gain. People tend to underestimate the calories in hummus, and if an average Israeli consumes 10 kilograms yearly, they could be eating an additional 20,000 calories, which might not contribute positively to their diet if not balanced with physical exercise."
}
```
|
what does bios stand for
|
The BIOS (/Ëbaɪ.És/, an acronym for Basic Input/Output System and also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS or PC BIOS) is a type of firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup) on IBM PC compatible computers, and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate three hard negative documents, I will focus on the topic of computer systems, firmware, and related concepts, similar to the positive document about BIOS. Each document will include keywords related to hardware initialization and computer systems but will address different components or topics to ensure they do not answer the user query directly. I will ensure that each document is plausible and accurately represents the topics chosen, while still remaining easy to understand for a foundational education level.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The operating system is a crucial element of a computer that manages hardware and software resources. It facilitates the interaction between the user and the computer by providing a user interface and managing files. There are many types of operating systems used in devices, such as desktops, laptops, and smartphones.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Firmware is a specialized form of software that provides low-level control for a device's specific hardware. Unlike regular software, firmware is usually embedded into the hardware itself, such as within a computer's motherboard. This allows it to initialize devices and enable them to function properly.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "A computer's CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is often referred to as the brain of the computer. It performs the computations necessary for running programs and processes data. Understanding how the CPU works is key to comprehending the overall functioning of a computer system."
}
```
|
what is venous thromboembolism
|
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the formation of blood clots in the vein. When a clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg, it is called a deep vein thrombosis or DVT. If that clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs, it is called a pulmonary embolism or PE. Together, DVT and PE are known as VTE - a dangerous and potentially deadly medical condition.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I will identify key themes and terminology related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) from the positive document provided. These include blood clots, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and the context of danger associated with these conditions. Each hard negative document will incorporate these terms but will introduce a different context or misconception about VTE to mislead the user, ensuring that they seem relevant at first glance but ultimately do not address the user's query accurately.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Venous insufficiency occurs when the veins struggle to send blood from the legs back to the heart. This condition can lead to swelling and skin changes but is different from venous thromboembolism (VTE). While VTE involves blood clots that may travel, venous insufficiency is primarily concerned with the failure of proper blood flow and does not necessarily result in clots forming or pulmonary embolism.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Deep vein thrombosis is a condition where the veins become inflamed due to prolonged periods of inactivity or injury. While it can occur in the legs, it is often confused with cramps or muscle issues. It's important to manage lifestyle to avoid DVT; however, the relationship between DVT and the formation of blood clots leading to VTE is not straightforward, and many people experience DVT without developing serious complications.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Pulmonary embolism is a condition where a blood clot travels to the lungs. It can result from a heart condition or even from sitting too long during long flights. Understanding its causes is essential, but VTE is a broader term that includes other disorders related to the heart and circulation that do not always involve blood clot formation in the deep veins or legs. Knowing these distinctions can help avoid confusion.",
}
```
|
what is formative assessment?
|
Formative assessment is process used to monitor student learning as it happens in the classroom. The goal of formative assessment is to provide feedback to both instructors and students to improve learning. Instructors use the information gathered in the formative assessment process to make adjustments in the classroom.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate three hard negative documents, I analyzed the user_query about formative assessment and its characteristics as outlined in the positive_document. The hard negatives should incorporate similar educational terminology and concepts but subtly shift the focus away from the actual purpose of formative assessment. The first document discusses a different kind of assessment, the second document addresses summative assessment instead of formative, and the third focuses on a general classroom activity without detailing how it relates to assessment.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Formative evaluation is often mistaken for standardized testing, which is designed to assess overall student performance. This kind of testing aims to measure students' knowledge at the end of a course or program and does not provide ongoing feedback during the learning process. Unlike formative assessment, which is continuous and adaptive, standardized tests can lead to stress for students and do not facilitate immediate adjustments in teaching.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Summative assessment occurs at the end of a learning period and focuses on the final outcomes rather than the learning process itself. Teachers use this type of assessment to evaluate student knowledge and determine grades. While formative assessments are important for development, summative assessments are often highlighted in educational discussions for their role in high-stakes testing and certification.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Classroom management strategies include various activities that engage students and keep them focused on their tasks. Techniques such as group discussions and hands-on projects can enhance student participation. However, these activities do not specifically assess student learning outcomes or provide targeted feedback, making them distinct from formative assessment practices that aim to monitor progress throughout the learning journey."
}
```
|
what was the kansas nebraska act and its significance
|
The Kansas-Nebraska Act began a chain of events in the Kansas Territory that foreshadowed the Civil War. He said he wanted to see Nebraska made into a territory and, to win southern support, proposed a southern state inclined to support slavery. It was Kansas.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I first analyzed the user query which discusses the Kansas-Nebraska Act and its implications leading to the Civil War, as highlighted in the positive document. To create hard negatives, I focused on maintaining the same historical context while changing the specific events or outcomes discussed. The goal is to ensure that these documents use similar keywords related to the Kansas-Nebraska Act but ultimately provide different or incomplete answers that do not address the true essence of the user query. I created three documents that discuss related historical topics or proposed legislation, but diverge in their conclusions or contexts.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The Wilmot Proviso was a major legislative proposal aimed at banning slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico. This idea sparked much debate among lawmakers and the public. While it aimed to contain slavery, lawmakers from the South were strongly opposed to it, fearing that it would undermine their rights and interests. The tensions surrounding the Proviso were significant and highlighted the growing divide within the country regarding slavery.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "The Compromise of 1850 was a series of laws aimed at easing tensions between free and slave states. It included the admission of California as a free state and the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act, which was aimed at returning escaped slaves to their owners. While it attempted to bring peace, many felt it did not address the underlying issues of slavery and ultimately failed to maintain the balance between North and South.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The Missouri Compromise was an important agreement that settled the issue of slavery in new territories. It allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state while Maine entered as a free state, maintaining a balance in the Senate. This compromise showed the growing sectional tensions in the U.S. and provided a temporary solution, but many feared it was only a stopgap measure, as the question of slavery would persist in future territorial disputes."
}
```
|
average persons daily steps
|
At 5000 steps, the average American walks about 2.5 miles or about four kilometers each day: Pedometer Steps per Mile. Pedometer researcher Dr. Catrine Tudor-Locke published a study in 2004, showing a wide variation in the 200 men and women who participated. 1 Men: 7192 steps per day. Women: 5210 steps per day.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate three hard negative documents, I analyzed the user query and positive document contextually. The positive document describes the average steps taken by Americans, outlining specific statistics related to both men and women. For the hard negative documents, I needed to maintain a focus on walking or physical activity while introducing variations in context that mislead the resonance with the query. Each hard negative should invoke the subject of physical activity but deviate enough so they don't provide the specific statistics or information outlined in the positive document.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "A study by researchers indicates that younger children often walk over 3 miles during a day of play, engaging in various activities like running and jumping. It's noted that children typically take more steps compared to adults, averaging around 10,000 steps per day. This highlights the importance of play in physical health for kids.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "According to health experts, seniors are encouraged to walk as a way to maintain their fitness. On average, older adults might walk around 5,000 steps each day, but new trends suggest many are striving to reach more than 7,000 steps daily to improve their health. Walking clubs are becoming popular among retirees.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Fitness trackers have gained popularity even among teenagers. Many report reaching daily step counts of about 8,000 to 12,000, particularly those participating in sports. Studies show a correlation between tracking steps and increased motivation to be physically active, especially among high school students."
}
```
|
difference between dystrophy and atrophy?
|
Atrophy vs dystrophy. What are atrophy and dystrophy? Atrophy and dystrophy are both terms related to muscular functioning. Muscular atrophy is wasting of muscles due to loss of tissue while muscular dystrophy is a group of muscle diseases that have weakness in the muscles and leads to reduced mobility. Muscular dystrophy causes debility and the person becomes progressively disabled as they lose the power of movement.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate three hard negative samples, I will focus on maintaining the keywords and topics related to muscles and their functions while slightly altering the content to ensure they do not provide the actual definitions or explanations of atrophy and dystrophy. I will use terms that sound relevant but shift the focus to related but distinct concepts, such as muscle health, exercise effects, and muscle recovery, which could mislead someone into thinking they are answering the user query.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Muscle health is often influenced by various factors including exercise and nutrition. While some individuals may face challenges with muscle performance, such as reduced strength, it is important to focus on maintaining a balanced diet and regular physical activity. Various muscle conditions can arise from poor lifestyle choices, which can lead to both psychological and physical repercussions for the individual.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "In the realm of sports, it is essential to understand how injuries can impact muscle function. However, when muscles are well-trained and conditioned, they can recover from minor injuries more effectively. This ability to bounce back means that even when facing certain challenges, athletes can often continue to perform at high levels through tailored training regimens and proper care.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Muscle recovery is a critical aspect of physical well-being, especially after strenuous activities. Many people engage in stretching and warm-up routines to enhance muscle flexibility and prevent injuries. Understanding how muscles adapt over time to different types of activities can aid individuals in maximizing their physical performance and reducing the risk of future issues during workouts."
}
```
|
what day is labor day in september
|
Labor Day: What it Means. Labor Day, the first Monday in September, is a creation of the labor movement and is dedicated to the social and economic achievements of American workers. It constitutes a yearly national tribute to the contributions workers have made to the strength, prosperity, and well-being of our country. Labor Day Legislation.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate three hard negative documents, I will start by analyzing the keywords and themes from the positive document related to Labor Day, such as 'labor movement', 'workers', 'national tribute', and 'social and economic achievements'. Then, I will create negative documents that include these keywords while subtly diverging from the main idea of the holiday itself. Each document should mention labor or workers but should focus on different aspects that do not specifically answer the inquiry about Labor Day. This would involve topics such as generic labor definitions, unrelated historical events, or other labor-related holidays.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Labor Organizations: Labor organizations work to protect the rights of workers. They focus on negotiating salaries, benefits, and working conditions across various industries. These groups play a vital role in advocating for fair treatment in the workplace and help workers voice their concerns to employers.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "International Workers' Day: International Workers' Day, celebrated on May 1st, honors the labor movement and its contributions to society. It is a day when people gather to advocate for workers' rights, engage in parades, and celebrate labor achievements around the world, although it does not specifically pertain to the American context of Labor Day.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The History of Labor Movements: Labor movements have played a crucial part in shaping policies regarding labor rights. They emerged in the 19th century to address issues like child labor, long working hours, and unsafe working conditions. Understanding these movements provides insight into workers' rights and their evolution over the decades, but it does not correlate directly with the celebration of Labor Day."
}
```
|
which states have compact rn license
|
The states currently participating in the Nurse Licensure Compact are: Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Wisconsin.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I analyzed the user_query related to the Nurse Licensure Compact and the provided positive_document listing the participating states. I aimed to generate documents that mention related topics involving nurse licensure or U.S. states but which do not provide the information required by the user_query. This involves using similar terminology and structure but diverting slightly from the actual list of states in the context of nurse licensure.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The Nurse Licensure Compact has been a pivotal development in nursing, streamlining the process for nurses to practice across state lines. Various states have implemented their own separate licensing requirements, leading to a diverse landscape for nurses. For instance, some states, such as California, Florida, and New York, have established rigorous standards for licensure and continuing education. This can make it challenging for nurses to work in multiple states without meeting specific criteria.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Nurse licensure varies greatly from state to state in the United States. Some states, including Washington, Oregon, and Nevada, have unique criteria for nurses wishing to practice. The Nurse Licensure Compact promotes collaboration among states, allowing nurses to apply for licenses based on mutual recognition. However, many nurses still face significant barriers due to specific regulations imposed by individual states that are not part of the compact.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The states involved in compact agreements for nurses are making strides in unifying professional standards. Several states like Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania have their own nursing regulations that impact interstate practice. The importance of understanding each state’s requirements cannot be understated, as nurses are often required to navigate complex legal frameworks. Some states are considering joining the compact, which could simplify multi-state practice for numerous professionals."
}
```
|
price of synthetic grass
|
Artificial turf comes in many variations. Synthetic grass is usually priced by square footage. Larger grass retailers typically begin at $2-$3 per square foot for cheaper turf products, though the prices can vary moderately depending on the product. When dealing with synthetic grass, the old adage, âyou get what you pay forâ is quite valid. Some of the more affordable synthetic turf products are of older technology, having been manufactured much earlier than the newer products in todayâs market.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I look for content that is related to artificial turf but diverges in crucial details or context. The user_query pertains to pricing and variations in synthetic grass, as noted in the positive_document. I will create three hard negatives that mention synthetic grass or turf in a seemingly relevant manner but focus on different aspects such as environmental impact, maintenance, and comparison to natural grass, which do not address the pricing aspect discussed in the positive_document.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Synthetic turf is increasingly popular due to its low maintenance requirements and durability. It is made from various types of materials that help mimic the appearance of natural grass. Many people opt for synthetic grass because it requires no watering or mowing, making it environmentally friendly in terms of water savings. However, initial concerns about the heat retention of artificial surfaces have led to innovations in materials that help mitigate this issue. Despite its benefits, debates continue regarding the environmental impact of manufacturing and disposing of synthetic turf.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "When choosing lawn options, one must consider the long-term maintenance needs and how they compare to natural grasses. While synthetic turf offers a neat appearance year-round, it may require periodic cleaning to remove debris and maintain its aesthetic appeal. Additionally, some homeowners have reported challenges with pet waste management on artificial surfaces, which can complicate upkeep. Natural lawns, on the other hand, can provide better cooling and natural habitats, leading many to prefer them despite the traditional maintenance they require.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The advancements in landscaping technology have introduced various alternatives to traditional grass lawns. One option that has gained traction is artificial grass, which is often hailed for its uniform appearance and lack of need for fertilizers or pesticides. Yet, some studies suggest that natural grass has ecological benefits that synthetic options cannot replicate, such as carbon sequestration and supporting local wildlife. As homeowners weigh their choices, an understanding of these broader ecological implications might influence their decisions about lawn types."
}
```
|
lynwood ca is what county
|
Lynwood, CA. Lynwood is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States of America. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 69,772, down from 69,845 at the 2000 census. Lynwood is located near South Gate and Compton in the southern portion of the Los Angeles Basin. Incorporated in 1921, the city is named for Mrs. Lynn Wood Sessions, wife of a local dairyman, Charles Sessions.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I will take the user query and positive document about Lynwood, CA and create three related documents that include similar keywords and topics but diverge in content or context. First, I will focus on retaining references to city populations, locations in Los Angeles County, or characteristics of cities without directly addressing the specifics of Lynwood. Each document will maintain a high school to undergraduate reading level and will be similar in length to the original. The aim is to create documents that may seem relevant but ultimately do not provide the same specific information as Lynwood.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Bellflower, CA. Bellflower is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, known for its proximity to key cities like Downey and Cerritos. According to the 2010 census, the city had a population of 76,616, reflecting an increase from the previous decade. Established in the early 1900s, Bellflower is characterized by its diverse community and many parks and schools that serve the residents. The city is named after the Bellflower apple tree, which was once grown in the area.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Los Angeles, CA. Los Angeles is the largest city in California and the second-largest city in the United States. The 2020 census recorded a population of over 3.9 million residents, continuing to grow from previous years. Known for its entertainment industry, particularly in Hollywood, Los Angeles offers significant cultural diversity, with numerous neighborhoods representing a variety of ethnic backgrounds. The city was founded in 1781 and is rich in history and modern urban development.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Compton, CA. Compton is a city located in the Los Angeles County area of California, bordered by the neighborhoods of Long Beach and Carson. As per the 2010 census data, it had an estimated population of 96,455, indicating a minor fluctuation in growth over the years. Established in the late 19th century, Compton has a rich cultural history and has been a significant place for civil rights movements in the United States. Its urban landscape features a mix of residential areas and commercial activities."
}
```
|
is it safe to drink laban during pregnancy
|
When Alcohol is Dangerous. There is no safe time to drink alcohol during pregnancy. Alcohol can cause problems for the developing baby throughout pregnancy, including before a woman knows she is pregnant. Drinking alcohol in the first three months of pregnancy can cause the baby to have abnormal facial features.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative documents, I will first analyze the user query, which emphasizes the dangers of alcohol during pregnancy and its effects on the developing baby. The positive document mentions that there is no safe level of alcohol during pregnancy and specifies potential effects on facial features. I will generate negative samples that use similar key phrases related to alcohol and pregnancy while diverging in critical aspects such as suggesting safe drinking practices, focusing on unrelated topics, or making incorrect claims about alcohol consumption. This will ensure they seem relevant at first glance but ultimately do not address the user query effectively.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Moderate alcohol consumption can be acceptable for some during pregnancy. While it's generally advised to limit alcohol, many believe that having a small glass of wine occasionally will not harm the baby. Some studies suggest babies can thrive as long as heavy drinking is avoided.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Pregnant women often face many challenges, but drinking coffee is a common concern. While alcohol is usually restricted, caffeine is sometimes discussed as safe. It’s important to balance various dietary components to ensure the health of the baby.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Many believe that certain lifestyle choices can help mitigate risks during pregnancy. For instance, eating a balanced diet and staying active are often emphasized. Alcohol can be part of social scenarios, but moderation is key, and many advise not to worry excessively about occasional indulgences."
}
```
|
percentage of children living in poverty
|
The percentage of children living in poverty and extreme poverty (less than 50 percent of the federal poverty level) has increased since 2000. 1 19 percent of children live in families that are considered officially poor (14.0 million children). Eight percent of children live in extreme poor families (6.2 million).
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, we need to first identify the main topic of the user_query and the positive_document, which focus on children living in poverty statistics. Next, we will craft negative documents that use similar keywords and touch on related themes (such as poverty, children, and family situations) but do not directly address the specific statistics or context provided in the positive_document. This will ensure that the documents seem relevant but ultimately diverge from the user's specific request for data about children living in poverty. Each negative document will also need to maintain a similar length and simplicity in language to suit a foundational education level.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Many families struggle financially, and numerous children face challenges in their daily lives. Some surveys show that a large number of children might not have access to nutritious food, which can lead to poor health. There are programs aimed at helping these children get meals at school, yet many still go home hungry.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "In recent years, various initiatives have been started to support low-income families with children. These programs provide resources for education and after-school activities. However, not all children are enrolled in such programs, leaving some without opportunities for enrichment and growth beyond the classroom.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The overall well-being of children is an important topic, with many organizations focusing on improving living conditions for kids. There are numerous reports about children having inadequate housing or lacking access to clean water. While many work on these issues, some children still live in environments that are not conducive to learning and development."
}
```
|
what do i need for a motorcycle license in Wi
|
In Wisconsin the motorcycle license is called a Class M license. Here are the steps to complete when you go the local DMV service center 1 : Complete a Driver License/State ID Application. 2 Provide your Social Security number. 3 Answer the medical questions on the application. 4 Successfully complete a vision test.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I will look for information related to motorcycle licensing processes in different states, ensuring that the documents maintain similar terminology and structure to the positive document. However, I will subtly change key aspects such as the steps involved, the type of license, or the issuing authority to diverge from the subject of obtaining a Class M license in Wisconsin. This will create documents that seem relevant but do not actually answer the original query.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "In California, obtaining a motorcycle license involves a different process called an M1 license. The steps you need to follow at the DMV are 1: Fill out the Motorcycle Application. 2: Provide proof of residency. 3: Complete a written knowledge test specific to motorcycles. 4: Schedule and pass a riding skills test.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "In Texas, to get a motorcycle endorsement, you will go through a process referred to as a Class M endorsement. Steps include 1: Submitting a completed application form. 2: Paying a fee for the endorsement. 3: Taking a safety course for motorcycle operation. 4: Passing a vision and knowledge tests at your local DPS office.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "In Florida, motorcyclists must obtain a motorcycle license identified as a Class M license as well. The procedure requires you to 1: Submit a Driving History Report. 2: Answer additional safety questions on the application. 3: Successfully pass a vision screening. 4: Complete a mandatory motorcycle safety course before applying for the license."
}
```
|
which nfl teams has the most super bowl appearances
|
The 1972 Dolphins ' win is the only perfect season in NFL history. The only team with multiple Super Bowl appearances and no losses is the Baltimore Ravens, who in winning Super Bowl XLVII defeated and replaced the 49ers in that position.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I analyzed the user_query and the positive_document. The user_query talks about the 1972 Dolphins and multiple Super Bowl appearances. Therefore, I will create documents that mention NFL teams, Super Bowl aspects, or historical statistics but will subtly change the context or details. The focus will be on notable teams or events in NFL history that do not relate correctly to the idea of a 'perfect season' or misleadingly suggest other teams had similar achievements without true relevance.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The New England Patriots had an incredible season in 2007, finishing with a 16-0 record. They went on to lose Super Bowl XLII to the New York Giants, which was a surprising outcome in NFL history. This game is frequently discussed in relation to other great teams.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Many fans remember the San Francisco 49ers for their impressive Super Bowl victories in the 1980s and 1990s. They are recognized for their dominance in the league, with multiple championships, but they have experienced losses as well that shaped the league's narrative.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The Green Bay Packers are one of the oldest teams in the NFL and have won numerous championships. However, not every season has been successful, and they too faced tough losses in their pursuit of the Super Bowl, making their history one of perseverance and challenge."
}
```
|
what is stool impaction
|
A fecal impaction is a solid, immobile bulk of human feces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation. A related term is fecal loading which refers to a large volume of stool in the rectum of any consistency. 1 Signs and symptoms.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I will identify topics related to fecal impaction, such as digestion, constipation, and bowel health. Each negative document will include similar terminology but will diverge from addressing fecal impaction specifically. The documents will present plausible information about related gastrointestinal issues which may seem relevant at first, but ultimately do not satisfy the user_query needs about fecal impaction.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Constipation is a common gastrointestinal issue characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stool. It can result from various factors, including dietary choices, lack of exercise, and certain medications. While some may experience harder stools during constipation, the condition itself does not always lead to fecal impaction but may cause discomfort and bloating as a consequence of reduced bowel activity.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "The digestive system plays a crucial role in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients. Any disruption in this system, whether through diet, stress, or disease, can lead to issues like bloating and irregular bowel habits. Understanding how the digestive process works can help individuals recognize the importance of maintaining healthy eating and lifestyle choices, though it doesn’t directly address prevention of fecal impaction.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Fecal incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements, leading to unintentional leakage of stool. This condition can stem from various causes, including muscle or nerve damage. While it is important to seek medical advice for fecal incontinence, it differs significantly from fecal impaction, as the latter relates specifically to the blockage and hardening of stool in the rectum."
}
```
|
arctic region definition
|
The Arctic (/ËÉrktɪk/ f) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of the Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean and parts of Alaska (United States), Canada, Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Norway, Russia, and Sweden.The Arctic region consists of a vast ocean with a seasonally varying ice cover, surrounded by treeless permafrost.he Arctic region is a unique area among Earth's ecosystems. For example, the cultures in the region and the Arctic indigenous peoples have adapted to its cold and extreme conditions.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I will focus on generating documents that contain related keywords to the Arctic and polar regions, but diverge in key information. The first document will discuss Antarctica, which is related in theme (polar regions) but distinctly separate, thus creating a hard negative. The second document will highlight climate change, a topic that intersects with polar regions but does not specifically answer the query about the Arctic itself. The third document will touch on the impact of tourism in general, which may use similar language to the Arctic context but does not directly address the user query about the Arctic region itself.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth, containing the geographic South Pole. Like the Arctic, it is characterized by extreme cold and ice cover, yet it is home to a different ecosystem, primarily focused on penguins and seals. The region comprises vast ice sheets and has no permanent human residents, unlike the Arctic where indigenous cultures thrive. Antarctica plays a crucial role in global climate regulation.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Climate change is significantly impacting polar regions, including both the Arctic and Antarctica. The increasing temperatures lead to the melting of ice caps and glaciers, which results in rising sea levels and threatens ecosystems. While the Arctic is inhabited by various species and indigenous peoples, the stark changes in weather patterns can disrupt these fragile habitats and alter the daily lives of the inhabitants.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Tourism in polar regions has been increasing as more people seek to experience the natural beauty of areas like the Arctic. Activities such as cruises, wildlife watching, and cultural interactions with indigenous peoples attract travelers. However, this influx of tourists raises concerns about environmental sustainability and the preservation of local cultures in these delicate ecosystems, bringing both economic opportunities and challenges."
}
```
|
what is requip used to treat
|
Requip is a medication that is commonly used for treating Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome (RLS). It helps increase the amount of dopamine in your brain to trick your nervous system into thinking that it has more than it really does. By doing this, muscles loosen up and become less stiff and rigid.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative documents, I first identify key topics and phrases from the user_query and positive_document, such as: Parkinson's disease, treatment, dopamine, restless legs syndrome. Next, I generate documents that include similar keywords or topics but diverge in terms of the treatment focus or information provided, ensuring that they are plausible and seem relevant to the user query. Finally, I make sure each negative document is of similar length and maintains an intermediate education level for comprehension.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement. Treatments often include physical therapy and various drugs that might help manage symptoms, such as muscle stiffness. There are also alternative methods like acupuncture or dietary changes that some patients find beneficial. While dopamine levels are important, the focus here is on the overall management of the disease rather than a specific medication like Requip.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in mood and movement. Some individuals may seek out medications to increase dopamine to combat issues like depression or anxiety. While Requip can aid in conditions like restless legs syndrome, it is crucial to understand the implications of altering dopamine levels through medication versus lifestyle changes that can naturally boost mood and reduce anxiety, focusing on the holistic treatment approach instead.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Restless legs syndrome is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. Although some medications help alleviate symptoms, individuals may also explore lifestyle adjustments such as exercising, ensuring adequate sleep, and avoiding caffeine. It is essential to consider various strategies for symptom management beyond pharmacological interventions such as Requip, which may suit some but not all individuals experiencing RLS."
}
```
|
dept of public safety hours
|
FIND OKLAHOMA DMV OFFICE LOCATIONS. CONTACT INFORMATION FOR THE STATE DPS. Telephone. Telephone customer service representatives are available to provide general information from 8:00 am to 4:30 pm for the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety and from 7:30 am to 4:30 pm for the Oklahoma Tax Commission Motor Vehicles Division, Monday through Friday.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I analyzed the user query about Oklahoma DMV office locations and contact information for the state Department of Public Safety (DPS). I examined the positive document which provides specific operating hours for customer service representatives. I then created three plausible documents that include similar keywords or themes, such as Oklahoma DMV, vehicles, and customer service, but diverge from the actual query's intention. Each document addresses a different aspect of DMV services in Oklahoma that doesn't directly aid in finding office locations or contact info.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Oklahoma offers various services related to vehicle registration and licensing. The DMV provides online resources for vehicle titles and renewals. You can check the DMV website for information about vehicle services offered, including documents needed for registration. This is particularly helpful for new residents. Customer support is available through email.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "In Oklahoma, you can find many resources for your vehicle-related needs. The DMV has a section on their website about driving tests and the requirements for obtaining a driver's license. They encourage you to prepare and check their recommendations for study materials before your test. However, the hours of operation vary by office, so it's best to confirm online.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "If you're interested in motorcycles, the Oklahoma DMV has detailed guidelines on motorcycle safety and licensing. They emphasize the importance of training courses before applying for a motorcycle license. For more information on motorcycle-related services, you can access their educational materials online during business hours, which are noted on their site under motorcycle services."
}
```
|
is tiffany rubin still married
|
jump to overview 4 mini bio 1 spouse 2 trade mark 2 trivia 15 personal quotes 1 tiffany was born on october 2 1971 in norwalk california usa as tiffany renee darwisch she has been married to benn george since august 4 2004 she was previously married to bulmaro garcia
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I start by identifying the key elements from the user query and the positive document. The positive document focuses on Tiffany's biography, including her birth date, marriage history, and personal details. I will create three hard negatives that include similar keywords such as 'Tiffany', 'married', and 'bio', but ultimately contain unrelated or misleading information about different individuals or topics. These documents will seem relevant to the query at first but will diverge in content.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Tiffany Roberts was born on July 15, 1980, in Austin, Texas. She was engaged to Martin Lopez until they split in 2010. Tiffany enjoys painting and has exhibited her work in various galleries across the country. She is known for her vibrant color palette and abstract styles.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Tiffany Johnson, an actress from New York, made her debut in a popular television series in 1995. She has been married to director Mark Stevens since June 20, 2005. Tiffany is also well-recognized for her charity work in animal welfare, hosting events to raise funds.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Tiffany Chen was born on January 12, 1985, in Miami, Florida. She is famous for her role in a blockbuster movie and has won several awards. Tiffany has a passion for cooking and often shares her recipes in her online blog, which has a large following."
}
```
|
is graphite rare
|
Graphite is a mineral composed exclusively of the element carbon. Graphite has the same chemical composition as Diamond, which is also pure carbon, but the molecular structure of Graphite and Diamond is entirely different.This causes almost opposite characteristics in their physical properties. Graphite is rather common mineral, but fine crystals are rare.Most Graphite mining areas produce enormous quantities from a single or several large Graphite vein s, but collector specimens in good crystals are not commonly encountered. Rare hexagonal polymorph of Graphite and Diamond formed only in a meteoric environment where extreme heat and pressure caused it to form. To date, it is only found in Mottigen, Ries Crater, in Bavaria, Germany. As it differs in crystal structure, Chaoite is scientifically categorized as an individual mineral species.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative documents, I will first analyze the main themes and keywords present in the positive document about graphite and diamond. I will focus on related minerals, carbon-based materials, and their differences while constructing plausible yet incorrect information that doesn't directly answer the user's query about graphite. The documents will include discussions about other carbon allotropes or different materials, but without specifically addressing graphite's unique characteristics or properties. This will ensure that the documents are tempting to the user but ultimately misleading.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Carbon is a versatile element that forms a variety of allotropes, including fullerenes and nanotubes, which have unique applications in nanotechnology. Unlike graphite, which has a layered structure, fullerenes are spherical and exhibit different properties, such as being able to conduct electricity while maintaining a stable shape. These materials have been gaining attention in modern materials science and offer fascinating potential for various industries, though they are not commonly found in nature. The study of such carbon allotropes continues to inspire researchers looking for innovative applications.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Diamond and graphite are two well-known forms of carbon that have captured the interest of many. Despite being composed of the same element, their applications differ greatly. Diamonds are primarily used in jewelry and cutting tools due to their hardness, while graphite is often found in batteries and lubricants. However, there are also other forms of carbon, like amorphous carbon, which has a disordered arrangement of atoms. This amorphous form does not exhibit the same optical qualities as diamonds nor the electrical properties of graphite, hence it serves a different purpose in industrial applications.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The carbon mineral family includes a variety of forms beyond just graphite and diamond. Carbon black, a material produced from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons, is widely used in rubber production and as a pigment. Although it shares a common element with graphite, its properties are vastly different—lacking the crystalline structure that gives graphite its lubricating properties and chemical reactivity. Understanding these distinctions among carbon materials highlights the diversity and complexity of carbon chemistry, yet many often confuse these different forms in their applications."
}
```
|
what was pieter Aertsen known for
|
One of Aertsenâs best-known works is Still Life with Meat and the Holy Family (also known as The Meat Stall or The Butcherâs Stall), which the artist signed and dated in 1551.The present version in the Coleccion Colección santander is of notable quality and was painted Inâaertsen s own. studiorained in his native city of Amsterdam, from 1535 Aertsen was also notably active in Antwerp, at that time the commercial and artistic capital of the Low Countries and one of the leading urban centres in Europe.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I will focus on topics related to art and paintings that might seem relevant but do not directly answer the user query regarding Aertsen's works. First, I will retain the keywords such as 'artist', 'painting', 'Antwerp', and 'still life' but change the specific context or details enough to mislead. Each document will reference different artists and themes but will mention similar words to create a surface-level relevance to the query. I will also ensure the documents are simple and suitable for a foundational education level, making them seem plausible but ultimately not answering the specific query about Aertsen's work.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "An important work by the artist Pieter de Hooch is 'The Courtyard', which showcases domestic scenes. The painting emphasizes light and everyday life in 17th century Amsterdam. De Hooch was known for his ability to depict the warmth of home interiors, and his art reflects the cultural emphasis on familial ties and community gathering. His style was influential during his time, as he was active primarily in Holland.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Vincent van Gogh is renowned for his remarkable paintings like 'Still Life with Eleven Sunflowers', created in 1888. This work is famous for its vibrant colors and emotional depth. Van Gogh spent much of his artistic career in France, but his influence stems from his Dutch heritage, where he grew up absorbing the rich art traditions of the time, including those from Amsterdam.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The art of still life gained popularity through various artists like Giorgio Morandi, who focused on arranging simple objects for painting. His still life works often featured bottles and jars and were characterized by their muted color palette. Morandi was influential in the Italian art scene and his work highlights the importance of composition and form in creating a compelling visual experience."
}
```
|
how much bigger is us population than canada
|
Canada's population is much smaller than the US. The population of the US is about 313,000,000 while the population of Canada is about 34,000,000; the US has about 9 times t ⦠he population of Canada.11 people found this useful.he area of the continent of Antarctica is estimted to be 14 million sq km. Although Canada is the second-largest country in the world (second only to Russia), Canada's area i ⦠s only 9,984,670 sq km. So, the continent of Antarctica is larger in size than the country of Canada.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I will analyze the keywords and topics present in the user_query and positive_document. The positive_document primarily discusses the populations and areas of Canada and the US, as well as the comparison with Antarctica. I will create hard negatives that mention Canada, the US, and Antarctica to maintain relevance, but I will subtly alter the context or comparisons to ensure these documents do not genuinely address the user_query. The aim is for each hard negative to seem plausible but ultimately not provide the correct or relevant information when it comes to comparing the populations accurately.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Canada is known for its vast natural beauty and friendly citizens. The population of Canada stands at about 34 million, which is less than that of Australia, thought to be around 25 million. Interestingly, Australia also has significant natural wonders, and both countries are popular tourist destinations for outdoor activities. The US, in contrast, boasts several diverse environments and a population that exceeds 300 million, contributing to a different cultural landscape.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Antarctica is a unique continent, largely uninhabited and covered in ice. Canada, with a land area of approximately 9.9 million square kilometers, has some regions that resemble the barren icy landscapes found in Antarctica. The comparison of land areas shows that both Canada and Antarctica have vast regions with little population. However, one should consider that Canada has numerous cities and towns that are filled with people, while Antarctica has virtually none, making it the most desolate region on Earth.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The population of the United States is one of the highest in the world, estimated at approximately 313 million in recent years. In contrast, Canada has a smaller population, with numbers around 34 million. Such differences can be attributed to various factors, including immigration, economic opportunities, and historical context. Interestingly, regions in the US like Texas and California have populations that surpass those of entire countries, including Canada, which reflects how densely populated some areas can be compared to others."
}
```
|
BFCNs what is
|
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are a group of brain cells that are important for attention, learning and memory functions. BFCNs receive input from a protein produced in the hippocampus, called nerve growth factor (NGF).NGF plays a vital role in the well-being of BFCNs.e are happy to announce that the long awaited Down Syndrome Clinic at Stanford will open its doors on July 11th. The clinic is located in the Lucile Packard Childrenâs hospital. To make an appointment, please call the clinical coordinator at (650) 723-6858, extension 1.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I will first identify key themes and keywords from the positive document about Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) and their relation to nerve growth factor (NGF). I will then create documents that include these themes or keywords but explore unrelated topics or contexts. This ensures that while they might initially appear relevant to the user query, they ultimately do not provide the necessary information. Each hard negative document will touch on neurons or brain functions but diverge in focus, such as mentioning unrelated brain functions, medical facilities, or irrelevant details that would mislead a reader about BFCNs.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The cerebral cortex plays a crucial role in higher cognitive functions, such as decision-making and emotional responses. Recent studies show that certain neurons in this area interact with various neurotransmitters, which can influence mood and behavior. Researchers are also exploring how therapies targeting these neurons can help treat mood disorders, proving vital for understanding emotional regulation.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to adapt and reorganize itself, particularly after injury. Recent advancements in neuroscience highlight the importance of neurotrophic factors in promoting the survival and growth of neurons. One such factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is essential for learning and memory. Ongoing research focuses on how BDNF influences recovery in patients with traumatic brain injuries.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects many children and adolescents. Symptoms often include difficulties in maintaining attention and executive function. Various treatments are available, including behavioral therapy and medications that affect neurotransmitter levels in the brain, aimed at improving concentration and overall cognitive function."
}
```
|
did un ask,obama to be president
|
Remarks by President Obama in Address to the United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. New York, New York. 10:12 A.M. EDT. PRESIDENT OBAMA: Mr. President, Mr. Secretary General, fellow delegates, ladies and gentlemen: It is a great honor for me to be here today. I would like to talk to you about a subject that is at the heart of the United Nations -- the pursuit of peace in an imperfect world.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I will analyze the user_query regarding President Obama's address at the UN General Assembly, focusing on themes related to global peace and diplomacy. I will then generate documents that are contextually related to international issues or speeches but do not directly relate to the specific subject of the pursuit of peace. Importantly, these documents will include familiar keywords like 'United Nations', 'peace', and 'address', yet they will deviate from President Obama's specific message about peace in an imperfect world. This approach ensures the generated documents appear relevant but do not provide the necessary information tied to the user_query.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "In a recent interview, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres discussed the challenges facing the international community today. He highlighted issues such as climate change, economic inequality, and the need for reform within the United Nations. Guterres emphasized that while the UN's role is crucial, member states must also take stronger actions on their own to address these pressing global challenges. The path to a safer world begins with each country's commitment to their responsibilities.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "During a town hall meeting, a prominent activist spoke about the importance of environmental sustainability and its implications for global security. She argued that neglecting climate issues poses a significant threat to peace, as resources become scarce and conflicts emerge over water and food. The audience engaged in a discussion about how policies need to evolve to enhance international cooperation on environmental matters and the shared responsibility nations have towards future generations.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "A recent editorial in a leading newspaper discussed the diplomatic strategies used by various nations during global pandemics. The article focused on how countries have collaborated and sometimes faltered in their efforts to provide aid and support. The author pointed out that while international unity is vital during crises, historical rivalries can resurface, complicating the prospects for a peaceful resolution. This ongoing struggle for cooperation calls into question whether true global solidarity can ever be achieved in challenging times."
}
```
|
which are the types of fat in the stomach
|
Whether you're an apple shape with excess belly fat, or a pear with wide hips and thighs, when you lose weight you'll most likely lose proportionately more from the abdominal region than elsewhere. The type of fat that is responsible for the â beer bellyâ shape is called visceral fat. Visceral fat (the fat surrounding your vital organs) is more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat (the fat just under your skin) so it tends to burn off quicker.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I will identify key concepts from the positive document and user query about weight loss, body shape, and fat types. I will then create documents that use similar terminology to mislead the reader into thinking they are relevant but ultimately diverge from directly addressing the user's query. The negative documents will touch on related topics such as dietary fat, general fitness advice, and unrelated weight loss myths, maintaining plausible content while failing to address the core inquiry about losing weight proportionally from specific body areas.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "While some people believe that to lose weight effectively, reducing all types of fats including dietary fats is essential, recent studies suggest that consuming healthy fats can actually aid in weight loss. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, can contribute to a healthier metabolism and overall well-being. However, some myths about low-fat diets persist, leading to misconceptions about how to best approach weight loss strategies and maintain a balanced diet.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Many individuals strive to achieve their ideal body shape through various exercise regimens. For instance, exercises such as squats and lunges are often recommended for toning the legs and lower body. However, it's essential to note that spot reduction—losing weight in one specific area—is largely considered a myth in fitness circles. Overall fitness and health focus on a balanced approach rather than targeting specific areas of fat loss.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The phenomenon known as body dysmorphia can significantly affect how individuals perceive their body weight and shape. This psychological condition often leads people to obsess over perceived flaws, sometimes leading to dangerous dieting practices. Understanding the importance of mental health is just as crucial as understanding the body’s physical changes during weight loss, yet discussions frequently veer into unhelpful territory without addressing the importance of psychological well-being."
}
```
|
what is iwc
|
The International Whaling Commission (IWC) is the global intergovernmental body charged with the conservation of whales and the management of whaling. It is set up under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling signed in 1946. The Commission has a current membership of 89 Governments from countries around the World.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I first analyzed the user query and its related positive document, which focuses on the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and its role in whale conservation and management. I then generated hard negative documents that mention similar themes like international governance and marine conservation but subtly shift the focus away from the IWC's specific functions. Each hard negative document introduced other organizations or initiatives that are related to marine life conservation or international agreements but do not directly pertain to the IWC. This allows the hard negatives to appear relevant while not addressing the original query accurately.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The Marine Conservation Society (MCS) is a UK-based charity dedicated to protecting the oceans and the wildlife within them. It advocates for sustainable fishing practices and campaigns against pollution in marine environments. While it operates within a similar domain as the International Whaling Commission, its focus is broader and includes various marine species beyond just whales.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international treaty aimed at conserving biological diversity and ensuring sustainable use of its components. It encourages countries to develop strategies for protecting local flora and fauna, making it a critical player in environmental governance. Although it works similarly to the International Whaling Commission, its scope encompasses all biological diversity rather than focusing solely on whale conservation.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is responsible for coordinating the UN's environmental activities and assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies. It addresses several issues related to climate change and biodiversity, which touches on the interests of marine conservation. Unlike the International Whaling Commission, UNEP operates on a much larger scale with a wider range of environmental topics."
}
```
|
when does evergreen state fair start
|
Evergreen State Fairgrounds. Monroe / Washington / United States of America. Evergreen State Fair is a 12 days event that is being held from 24 August 2017, Thursday to 04 September 2017, Monday. This event is being organized by The Evergreen State Fairgrounds. The venue of this event is Evergreen State Fairgrounds which is situated in Monroe, Washington, United States of America.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I first identified the main topic of the user query, which revolves around the Evergreen State Fair being held in Monroe, Washington. The positive document gives specific details about the fair, including the dates and venue. To create hard negatives, I will refer to events, locations, or activities that share common keywords like 'fair', 'Monroe', or 'Washington', but diverge from the Evergreen State Fair's specifics. Each hard negative will mention a similar event, but either provide different dates, a distinct location within Washington, or refer to another fair in general terms without relevant details about the Evergreen State Fair.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The Washington State Fair. Puyallup / Washington / United States of America. The Washington State Fair is an annual event that occurs in Puyallup, Washington, and lasts for about 17 days. This year, it will be held from 01 September 2017, Friday to 17 September 2017, Sunday. This event showcases local produce and crafts, with various entertainment options for visitors.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Monroe County Fair. Monroe / New York / United States of America. The Monroe County Fair is a four-day event in Monroe, New York, happening from 10 August 2017, Thursday to 13 August 2017, Sunday. The fair features agricultural exhibits, carnival rides, and live music, providing fun for families and friends alike.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The Evergreen Fairgrounds are known for many events throughout the year, including concerts and craft shows. Located in Monroe, Washington, these events are typically community-focused and vary in theme. For example, the craft show takes place in spring, drawing crafters from around the state, but differs in scope and purpose from the Evergreen State Fair."
}
```
|
in what county is deerfield michigan
|
Play | Stay | Plan | Shop | Events | Deals. Deerfield is located on the eastern border of Lenawee County. The River Raisin runs through the south part of town. It is primarily an agricultural community but also a commuter town. The Saint Alphonsus Catholic Church is listed on the State Historic Register dated 1893.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I will analyze the user query and the positive document. The user query mentions activities and information related to Deerfield, a community in Lenawee County. The positive document discusses the community's agricultural aspects, historical sites, and geographical details. I will generate hard negative documents that include similar keywords (like Deerfield, agriculture, or community) or related themes (like events or local attractions) but slightly shift the focus away from the actual information presented in the positive document. Each negative document will plausibly seem relevant to the user query but ultimately does not provide the desired information about Deerfield.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Deerfield is a vibrant town known for its community events and beautiful parks. The local library hosts reading sessions for kids every Saturday. Many families enjoy visiting the nearby lakes during summer for recreational activities. The Deerfield Arts Council organizes an annual art fair that attracts artists from surrounding areas.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "In Lenawee County, many towns celebrate their agricultural heritage through fairs and local markets. Residents of Deerfield enjoy fresh produce and can participate in community gardening projects. Local schools offer programs in agriculture aimed at teaching children about farming practices and healthy eating.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Deerfield is a town rich in history and culture, featuring several prominent buildings from the 1800s. At the center of the town, you can find a museum that showcases artifacts from the area’s founding families. Many events occur at this historical site, drawing tourists year-round to experience the town's charm and learn about its past."
}
```
|
how much money is deducted from social security check each month
|
For most beneficiaries, Medicare Part B for 2010 is $96.40/month (same as 2009).If you are enrolled in Medicare Part B, your premium is automatically deducted from your social security check. For 2009, if you make less than $85,000.00 per year, $96.40 will be deducted from your social security check. 1 person found this useful.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I first identified key topics and keywords present in the positive document, such as 'Medicare Part B', 'premium', 'deducted', and 'social security'. The user query centers around the cost of Medicare Part B for 2010 and its relation to social security. Therefore, any negative document must contain references to Medicare and premiums but should diverge in specifics that mislead or do not truly answer the query. For the three hard negatives, I crafted scenarios that incorporate Medicare's general structure, cost comparisons, or other related topics but do not provide the exact sought-after information about the 2010 premium fine details.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "In the United States, Medicare is a federally funded program that offers health coverage. Its premiums can vary by plan and location. For example, in some regions, people might pay different amounts based on their income, but exact amounts can depend on many variables. Some beneficiaries could have lower premiums if they qualify, with some even paying nothing based on certain criteria. It’s important to check with local guidelines for specifics.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Medicare offers different parts, including Part A, which covers hospital insurance, and Part B, which covers medical services. The costs associated with these parts can change every year. While many might be interested in how much they have to pay, the factors that influence these costs include income levels and the specific services they utilize, making it essential for each person to verify their rates in official documents.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The Medicare program is often discussed in relation to elderly care and health services. Many individuals often wonder about the deductibles and co-pays associated with their coverage. In general, for certain income levels, the costs can vary widely, and there are usually several factors that play into how much one may need to pay each month, but these specifics can be intricate and are detailed in annual reports rather than single premiums."
}
```
|
where is chicago?
|
Chicago is a city that is located in the state of Illinois in the United States of America. Chicago is in the Midwest region of the country and sits on the southwestern shores of Lake Michigan. Lake Michigan is one of the Great Lakes. Chicago has the third highest population of all of all the cities in the United States.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I started with the user_query which highlights Chicago's location and characteristics. I aimed to create documents that mention cities, Midwestern locations, or geographical features that are related but do not specifically refer to Chicago or answer the query accurately. For the first document, I included a city in the Midwest that does not have significant traits or comparisons with Chicago. The second document focuses on another state's geography, mentioning lakes but diverting from the context of Chicago as a city. The third document discusses population statistics in a different city within the United States, framing it in a similar manner to the positive document yet lacking relevance to the location of Chicago.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Detroit is a city in the state of Michigan, also located in the Midwest region of the United States. Known for its automotive industry, Detroit is situated near the Great Lakes, particularly Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair. It has seen population shifts over the years, similar to many cities in the region. The city is famous for its contributions to music, especially Motown, as well as its cultural history.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Minneapolis is a city in the state of Minnesota, which is part of the Midwest. The city is known for its lakes, including Lake Calhoun and Lake Harriet, and is part of a larger metropolitan area known for its art scene and outdoor activities. Minneapolis has a diverse population and is cited as one of the best places to live in the United States, although it has a much different atmosphere compared to Chicago.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Los Angeles is a sprawling city in California and is one of the most populous cities in the United States. Known for its entertainment industry and cultural diversity, Los Angeles has a significant population density with numerous neighborhoods. The city's location on the Pacific Coast differs greatly from Midwestern cities like Chicago, yet it often draws comparisons with urban life and growth dynamics."
}
```
|
what is mobileme control panel
|
MobileMe Control Panel for Windows is an application designed to synchronize your calendar, bookmarks or contacts with the online storage service. It also enables you to manage your MobileMe iDisk for online file storage and sharing.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I will identify concepts loosely related to synchronizing files and online storage, similar to those in the positive document, but with a different focus. First, I will consider different types of online services and devices that involve personal data management. Then, I will formulate documents discussing these topics, ensuring they include keywords such as 'synchronize', 'online storage', and 'management', while diverging in context. I will create three variations focusing on a different aspect or device that may catch the user's interest without addressing the actual query.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The iCloud Backup feature for iPhone allows users to automatically save their photos, documents, and app data to Apple's online cloud service. Users can manage their iCloud storage settings seamlessly through their device, ensuring that they won’t run out of space for their data stored online.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Google Drive is a cloud storage platform that helps users store files online and access them from any device. It features various tools for sharing documents and is often used for collaboration among students and professionals, yet it does not directly sync calendars or contacts without additional integration.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The Dropbox File Sync application enables users to store files in the cloud and access them across devices. While it provides an effective way to back up photos and documents, it does not include features for managing calendars or syncing contacts with other online services."
}
```
|
Where did the pioneers come from
|
The earliest settlers who made their homes in the wilderness were known as pioneers. Many pioneers of Upper Canada came from France, England, Scotland, Italy, Germany and other countries in Europe.Some settlers went to other parts of North America and later moved into Upper Canada.They came to Upper Canada for many reasons.Some came so they could freely practice their religion.any pioneers of Upper Canada came from France, England, Scotland, Italy, Germany and other countries in Europe. Some settlers went to other parts of North America and later moved into Upper Canada.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative documents, I analyzed the user_query and positive_document to identify key themes and concepts. The user_query focuses on the pioneers of Upper Canada and their motivations for settling there. The positive_document elaborates on the origins of these pioneers and the reasons for their migration. To create hard negatives, I will keep relevant keywords and topics like 'pioneers', 'settlers', and 'migration' but subtly change the context or focus. For 'hard_negative_document_1', I will relate it to settlers in a different region but retain other concepts. For 'hard_negative_document_2', I will discuss pioneers who faced challenges unrelated to the motivations mentioned. Lastly, for 'hard_negative_document_3', I will explore the idea of settlers in a historical context unrelated to Upper Canada. These documents will be plausible yet not truly answer the original query about Upper Canada pioneers.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The migration of settlers to Western Canada included individuals from various countries. Many came seeking economic opportunities, while some were drawn by the promise of land ownership. The settlers faced numerous challenges including harsh weather conditions and conflicts with indigenous populations. The reasons for their relocation were often tied to the search for wealth and new beginnings, vastly differing from those who sought religious freedom.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Pioneers often encountered significant hardships during their travels. For example, many faced food shortages, illness, and difficult terrain that hindered their journey. While some of these individuals sought a fresh start, the focus on the adversities makes it clear that their experiences varied widely. Not all settlers were motivated by specific beliefs; some were simply trying to survive in a new land.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The early 19th century saw waves of migration across various parts of North America. Settlers moved for diverse reasons, including the expansion of the railroad and the availability of resources. In the southern regions, many immigrants were primarily driven by the search for agricultural prospects rather than religious or cultural freedoms. This demonstration of pioneer spirit deviates from the specific focus on Upper Canada."
}
```
|
what is the balloon that is used for weight loss
|
Gastric balloon is a reversible, incision free weight loss procedure. There is one such device approved in the U.S. the ReShape Integrated Dual Balloon System but gastric balloons have been approved and used for years in some parts of Europe, as well as Canada, Australia, Mexico and South America.dvocates believe that it can still result in lasting and ongoing weight loss after removal because it helps exact behavioral changes; their theory holds that people get used to eating smaller portions of food and are therefore more inclined to continue to eat in this manner long after the balloon is removed.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I will look for related topics that share keywords and themes with the original document, but I'll ensure that the content subtly diverges from the main points of the user query about gastric balloons. I will focus on weight loss procedures and devices, but I will incorporate different contexts such as surgical procedures, dietary supplements, and unrelated medical devices to create the hard negatives. These documents must sound coherent and relevant at first glance but do not truly address the user's specific inquiry about the gastric balloon procedure.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Surgical weight loss methods, such as gastric bypass, are popular options for those who struggle with obesity. This procedure involves making changes to the stomach and small intestine to help reduce food intake and nutrient absorption. While it requires surgery, patients can achieve significant weight loss. Many doctors in the U.S. recommend gastric bypass due to its long-term effectiveness, but it involves certain risks and a commitment to lifestyle changes.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Dietary supplements for weight loss have gained popularity over the years, with many products claiming to help reduce appetite and increase metabolism. However, the effectiveness of these supplements varies widely, and research shows that they may not provide the same benefits as medical procedures like gastric balloons. Users are often encouraged to combine supplements with a healthy diet and exercise plan to achieve better results.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The Orbera intragastric balloon system is used to promote weight loss by temporarily placing a balloon in the stomach. Patients must adopt a healthy diet and exercise habits for the best results. However, it is essential to consider that lifestyle changes alone can greatly contribute to weight loss outcomes. Many people find success with both surgical and non-surgical options, but personal commitment is key to making lasting changes."
}
```
|
madera ca is in what county
|
Madera County, California. Madera County, officially the County of Madera, is a county at the geographic center of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 150,865. The county seat is Madera.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples, I first analyzed the user query related to Madera County, California and its positive document, which provides factual information about the county, its population, and status as a county seat. I will generate three hard negatives that include similar keywords related to counties or geographic locations in California but diverge in significant content. The negatives will be about different counties or areas while maintaining a focus on demography, location, or government structure. The aim is to create plausible documents that give surface-level accuracy but do not truly answer the user's query about Madera County.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Napa County, California. Napa County is located in Northern California and is known for its famous vineyards and wine production. As of the 2020 census, the population was approximately 139,117. The county seat is Napa, which serves as a cultural hub for the wine region.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Sonoma County, California. Sonoma County, officially known as the County of Sonoma, is situated in the northern part of the San Francisco Bay Area. The 2020 census recorded a population of 492,403. The county seat is Santa Rosa, which is known for its diverse biodiversity and recreational opportunities.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Fresno County, California. Fresno County is one of the central counties of California and is part of the San Joaquin Valley. As per the 2020 census, the population reached 1,072,107, making it one of the most populous counties in the state. The county seat is Fresno, recognized for its agricultural industry and proximity to national parks."
}
```
|
what food can help lower cholesterol
|
Foods that can help to lower cholesterol those foods which are low in saturated fat, high in fiber, and low in carbohydrates. These include oats, fish and omega-3 fatty acids such as trout and salmon. Walnuts, almonds and other nuts can reduce cholesterol.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative documents, I will focus on topics related to diet and health while specifically avoiding the mention of foods that lower cholesterol directly. Instead, I will include discussions on other dietary components, health concerns unrelated to cholesterol, or foods that might negatively impact cholesterol. This will ensure that while the documents seem relevant because they contain similar keywords related to health and food, they ultimately provide misleading or irrelevant information regarding the user's query about lowering cholesterol.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Foods that can negatively impact heart health include those high in saturated and trans fats. These include red meats, full-fat dairy products, and processed foods. Such foods can raise cholesterol levels and should be avoided for maintaining a healthy heart.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Incorporating a variety of sources of protein is essential for a balanced diet. Foods rich in protein include beans, lentils, and chicken. While these foods provide necessary nutrients, they are best consumed in moderation as part of a diverse diet and may not directly influence cholesterol levels positively.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Many individuals benefit from a diet rich in antioxidants, which can be found in fruits and vegetables like blueberries, spinach, and kale. While these foods support overall health and may contribute to overall wellness, their direct impact on cholesterol levels is minimal compared to saturated fat intake."
}
```
|
how to vinegar solution and weed killer
|
(Dish soap, vinegar and a spray bottle â all you need for making your own weed killer.) The acetic acid in vinegar âsucks out the waterâ from the weed, which dries it up. The dish soap helps to break down the outer coat of the plant (cuticle), which helps that vinegar to work best. Below, are two examples from my own landscape of how it worked: Just 24 hours laterâ¦. Here is another example:
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To create hard negative samples for the query about making homemade weed killer with dish soap and vinegar, I analyzed the positive document which discusses the effectiveness of vinegar and dish soap on weeds. I then generated negative samples that mention similar items (vinegar, soap) or related gardening concepts but provide information that diverges from the user’s intent. The hard negatives might talk about alternative gardening techniques or products that are not specifically about homemade weed killers yet appear relevant. The goal is to ensure the documents are plausible but not true solutions to the user query.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Homemade garden products can be a fun and engaging way to maintain your outdoor space. For instance, mixing baking soda with water can create a simple cleaning solution for plant leaves, helping them to stay healthy and vibrant. Alternatively, using dish soap alone in a diluted mixture can help combat common plant pests by suffocating them, though it is essential to avoid overuse. This method, paired with regular watering and sunlight exposure, can ensure a beautiful garden landscape.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Vinegar is often mentioned as a natural cleaning agent and can be used effectively around the house. However, when applied to plants directly, it can alter soil pH. For gardening enthusiasts, it is crucial to understand the impact of various substances. Dish soap, commonly used in kitchens, can also be a component in cleaning pots and garden tools, removing grease and grime, thus ensuring a clean environment for plants. This method emphasizes cleanliness rather than pest control.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "Some gardeners prefer using salt as a natural herbicide, believing that it effectively eliminates unwanted plants. While vinegar can indeed be used for similar purposes, excessive salt can lead to soil degradation and adversely affect surrounding flora. Also, dish soap can be incorporated into routines as a wash for fruits and vegetables, ensuring they are free from surface contaminants. This practice, while related to gardening and cleaning, does not directly address reducing weed populations."
}
```
|
what is mild facet hypertrophic changes
|
Facet hypertrophic change is a term commonly found in x-ray and MRI reports concerning the condition of the spine.A facet is a type of joint found at the back or rear portion of the spine that gives support and strength to the spinal column while still allowing the spine to move.n the case of facet hypertrophic changes, the ligaments would typically thicken and the bones in and around the joint would become more dense or harder, and extra bone tissue might be laid down to increase the size of the boney projections that make up the facet joint.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "To generate three hard negative documents, I will focus on the keywords and topics surrounding facet joints, spinal conditions, and imaging methods like X-ray and MRI as seen in the positive document. However, I will ensure that each hard negative document diverges from the specific focus on facet hypertrophic changes. For instance, I will create documents discussing unrelated spinal injuries, conditions affecting different types of joints, or imaging techniques that do not pertain to facets but include similar terminology. This way, these documents appear relevant but do not satisfy the user's query about facet hypertrophic changes specifically.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "Spondylosis is a degenerative condition of the spine that can cause pain and discomfort. It can be seen in X-ray and MRI images as changes in the vertebrae, including bone spurs and disc deterioration. While spondylosis often affects the lower back and neck, it can lead to stiffening of the joints throughout the spine. Symptoms may include pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion, but treatment options may involve physical therapy and medication, making it important for individuals to consult healthcare providers for an accurate diagnosis.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Osteoarthritis is a common joint disorder that affects many people as they age. It can impact various joints throughout the body, including the knees, hips, and spine. MRI scans can reveal cartilage loss and changes in bone density. Unlike facet hypertrophic changes, osteoarthritis involves a general breakdown of cartilage, leading to joint pain and inflammation. Patients often experience stiffness, particularly after inactivity, and may benefit from a combination of lifestyle modifications and medical treatment to manage their symptoms effectively.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The intervertebral disc plays a crucial role in the spinal health by providing cushioning between the vertebrae. MRI scans are often utilized to examine bulging or herniated discs that can occur in anyone, particularly athletes. Similar to the changes seen in facet joints, disc issues may lead to pain and nerve compression, but they are distinct conditions altogether. Treatments may vary, ranging from conservative methods such as rest and physical therapy to more invasive interventions. Understanding these issues through imaging can aid in appropriate treatment plans."
}
```
|
tav chet tav meaning
|
TAV means a mark â the mark of God. The pictogram, or symbol, behind the shape of the letter TAV is a mark, and it is seen also as a seal. The Hebrew word for a seal is chatam (CHET TAV MEM). The idea of a seal, and the idea of a pledge, is found in the Old Testament and in the New Testament.
|
```json
{
"reasoning": "The goal is to create hard negative documents that are relevant in terms of keywords and themes but diverge in their main ideas from the positive document. The user_query discusses the concept of TAV and its significance as a mark connected to God, relating also to seals in a biblical context. Therefore, I will generate documents that discuss letters, seals, or marks in various contexts but do not directly connect to the theological implications of TAV. The documents will touch upon seals in general, different alphabets or symbols, and their historical uses, but will not reference the divine or specifically biblical contexts, making them hard negatives.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "The letter X has been used throughout history as a symbol to denote various meanings. In modern times, it can signify an unknown variable in equations or can be used as a mark for a location on a map. The versatility of this symbol spans different cultures and it has been seen in various contexts including branding and marketing, where it often plays a pivotal role in signifying quality or authenticity. While it bears a resemblance to a mark, it lacks the spiritual significance attributed to other symbols.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "In ancient Rome, seals were employed to authenticate documents and regulate trade. These seals, often made of wax, bore the insignia of a person or state, ensuring the integrity of the object or information contained within. While the use of seals has persisted through the centuries, today, they serve more as decorative items or ceremonial objects rather than tools for authenticating Divine messages or religious texts. Thus, while seals communicate authority, they do not signify spiritual connections as certain religious symbols might.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "The Hebrew alphabet consists of letters that are rich in meaning and used extensively in literature and poetry. Each letter corresponds to a numerical value and can convey distinct ideas or concepts. For instance, the letter Aleph symbolizes strength and leadership, while Bet represents a house or community. Although they serve as fundamental components of written language within the Hebrew culture, these letters are not directly tied to the unique significance of marks within a spiritual or divine context as seen with letters like TAV."
}
```
|
what is included in a towing package?
|
A factory tow package usually includes heavy duty rear shocks/springs and an auxiliary transmission cooler in addition to the tow hardware itself, and sometimes they include a full size spare tire too. When a dealer installs it they just put on the hitch and wiring plug.
|
{
"reasoning": "To generate hard negative samples, I first identify key components of the user query and positive document. The user query is about the components and installation of a factory tow package. I then formulate documents that mention towing or vehicle packages but subtly focus on different aspects that do not directly answer the user's question. This ensures they appear relevant but diverge from the core inquiry about the tow package's components and installation process.",
"hard_negative_document_1": "A factory tow package typically includes other modifications, such as performance enhancements and aesthetic upgrades, which can change the look of your vehicle significantly. Customers often choose additional features like aftermarket bumpers or body work to improve functionality and style, but these are usually not included in the factory package.",
"hard_negative_document_2": "Tow packages can vary widely between manufacturers, sometimes providing unique options such as special axle ratios or upgraded brake systems that enhance towing performance. It's important to check with your dealer for specific details, as these features might influence your vehicle's overall capability and handling.",
"hard_negative_document_3": "When considering vehicle modifications, many owners look into adding features like upgraded infotainment systems or enhanced audio packages. While these do not directly impact towing capabilities, they can greatly improve the driving experience when using your vehicle for recreational purposes and trips with loads."
}
|
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