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<s>experience first, then grammatical rules is analogous to our ‘NMT (or SMT) followed byrule-based’ case. Besides, some of our survey participants also prefer to translate by applying rulesfirst, then experience, which is analogous to our ‘rule-based followed by NMT’ approach. We showa mapping between different types ... |
<s>that plain old bilingual laypeople cannotreplace professional human translators for many tasks. For most of the translation jobs, the taskrequires more than just knowledge of two languages. Translators can not be walking dictionaries.They need to recreate language by crafting beautiful phrases and sentences to make ... |
<s>way to update new grammatical rules. Machine Learningusing Statistical MT can be one way. We plan to investigate integration of statistical languagemodel with our rule-based model for future improvement.• Role of prepositions in a sentence can be ambiguous. Therefore, another idea of our future workis to extend the ... |
<s>are quite tough to tackle by implementing any numberof rules [57]. Hence, the efficiency of a rule-based translator in translating languages with complexgrammatical structures is very low. On the other side of the coin, translations generated by data-driven machine translator can be unreliable, offensively wrong, or... |
<s>- 28, Springer, 2011.[6] J. D. Kim, R. D. Brown, and J. G. Carbonell, “Chunk-Based EBMT”, in Proceedings of the 14thAnnual Conference of European Association for Machine Translation, pp. 1-8, MT Archive, 2010.[7] S. Dasgupta, A. Wasif, and S. Azam, “An Optimal Way Towards Machine Translation from Englishto Bengali”,... |
<s>S. Sarkar, and A. Basu, “Automatic parts-of-speech tagging for Bengali: an ap-proach for morphologically rich languages in a poor resource scenario”, in Proceeding of the 45thAnnual Meeting of the ACL on Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions, pp. 221-224, ACL,2007.[23] S. A. Chowdhury, “Developing a Bangla t... |
<s>Computer Science, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1022-1039, SciencePublications, 2019.[38] G. Haffari, M. Roy, and A. Sarkar, “Active learning for statistical phrase-based machine trans-lation”, in Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of theNorth American Chapter of the Association for Computa... |
<s>Paper Title (use style: paper title)A Novel Pair-wise Language Detection Approach using Convolutional Neural Network Specifically Targetting Bangla and EnglishXXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEEAbstract—Language detection is an essential pre-processing step in the implementations of many multilingual document-pro... |
<s>to identify Bangla and English languages from mixed-language scanned documents.Fig. 1: Bangla and English mixed in a primarily Bangla documentReview There is not much reported work for language detection in scanned document images. We found a couple of works, including a paper from Dr. N. Jayanthi et al. [4]. They p... |
<s>their vanilla CNN model and CRNN model achieved accuracies of 90% and 91% respectively. DatasetTo train our model, we built our own dataset. We used two publicly available datasets for Bangla and English handwritten words. CMATERdb [10] word dataset is used for handwritten Bangla word, and IAMonDo-database [11] is u... |
<s>which has a two-class output: English and Bangla. This model used convolution, max pooling layer, fully connected dense layer, and regularization methods such as batch normalization and dropout, as seen in Fig 5. In the model architecture, we have one convolutional layer in the first block, which is also an input la... |
<s>used to define a classification model (or “classifier”) output on a collection of test data for which the actual values are known. We observed the confusion matrices for all the datasets. The confusion matrices for the train, test, and validation set are presented in Tables II, III, and IV. Confusion Matrix for Trai... |
<s>and Integrated Networks (SPIN) (pp. 647-653). IEEE.OakNorth. 2020. Oaknorth Bank | Page Not Found - Oaknorth. [online] Available at: <https://www.oaknorth.com/cnn-blog/> [Accessed 29 May 2020].Revay, S., & Teschke, M. (2019). Multiclass language identification using deep learning on spectral images of audio signals.... |
<s>HAND-WRITTEN BANGLA CHARACTER RECOGNITION USING DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK Dipayan Bhadra Master of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department ofElectrical and Electronic Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology January 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to convey my si... |
<s>Handwritten Character Recognition (HCR) is more challenging. A handwritten character written by different persons is not identical but varies in both size and shape. Numerous variations in writing styles of individual character make the recognition task difficult. The similarities in distinct character shapes, the o... |
<s>versus number of epoch 4.2 Cost function versus number of epoch 54 4.3 Learning rate versus number of epoch 54 4.4 Input images in database and the same images after normalization 4.5 Sample kernels of the first convolution layer 55 4.6 Feature maps after the first convolution layer 56 4.7 Sample kernels of the seco... |
<s>computer vision. Character Recognition techniques associate a symbolic identity with the image of a character. Character recognition system is classified into two, based on data acquisition and text type: online and offline (Figure. 1.1). The online character recognition system utilizes the digitizer which directly ... |
<s>can be read this code and can sort mail automatically. • Form Processing: HCR can be also used for form processing. Forms are normally used for collecting the public information. Replies of public information can be handwritten in the space provided. • Signature Verification: HCR can also be used to identify the per... |
<s>presented to HCR system, its features are extracted and given as an input to the trained classifier like artificial neural network or support vector machine. Classifiers compare the input feature with stored pattern and find out the best matching class for input. A post processing, though not mandatory, improve the ... |
<s>of compound characters formed by combination of two or more basic characters. Most basic character shapes have a horizontal line at their upper parts, called headline or matra and three zones of such characters can be identified as shown in Fig. 3.1. Each of these characters (excepting the character ‘BINDU’) has a p... |
<s>to recognize isolated handwritten alphanumeric characters. Among others, Bhattacharya et al. [30] used self-organizing neural net while Bhattacharya and Chaudhuri [31] used classifier combination approach to recognition of handwritten Bangla numerals. A multistage recognition scheme for mixed numerals is reported re... |
<s>per character) were used as test set. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.5. Motivation and Scope of Works Convolutional neural network (CNN) has ability to recognize visual patterns directly from pixel images with minimal preprocessing. Deep CNN (DCNN) [5] has been being used successfully for image classifications, handwritt... |
<s>of inputs from the previous layers. As shown in Figure 2.1, the layers are built up so that the first layer detects a set of primitive patterns in the input, the second layer detects patterns of patterns, the third layer detects patterns of those patterns, and so on. Deep neural networks typically use 2 to 10 distin... |
<s>network still Input Layer Hidden Layer Output Layer Chapter 2: Convolutional Neural Network: A Review Figure 2.5: Placement of the activation function in the neural network model. expresses a single differentiable score function: from the raw image pixels on one end to class scores at the other. 2.2.1. Activation Fu... |
<s>the training phase. 2.2.4. Backpropagation Backpropagation is a neural network training algorithm. For supervised learning, target classes are essential for error calculation. The error is afterwards backpropagated to every node in previous layers. This error e (Equation 2.8) is obtained as a gradient of the loss fu... |
<s>O(1/t2) after t steps, compared to the one of gradient descent O(1/t). However, for visual problems, optimized functions are barely convex and smooth, thus assumptions under which convergence rate holds are not preserved. Novelty of NAG is in the weight update using gradient on the weights updated by momentum (Equat... |
<s>arranged retinotopically. A typical CNN is shown in Figure 2.9. Each feature of a layer receives inputs from a set of features located in a small neighborhood in the previous layer called a local receptive field. With local receptive fields, features can extract elementary visual features, such as oriented edges, en... |
<s>an almost ideal set of computation and memory resources required for running CNNs at high efficiency. • In pattern and image recognition applications, the best possible correct detection rates (CDRs) have been achieved using CNNs. For example, CNNs have achieved a CDR of 99.77% using the MNIST database of handwritte... |
<s>the image into rectangular regions and takes out value determined by the type of pooling layer. The most popular type of pooling layer in CNNs is the max-pooling layer, which extracts maximum value of the sub-regions of the feature map. • Fully connected - As with ordinary Neural Networks and as the name implies, ea... |
<s>A Review multiplied and accumulated. So to create one element of one output feature, k × k × D multiply-accumulate operations are required. Figure 2.10: A representation of convolution process Let Wi be a filter set with dimension Ci × Ci−1 × Ni × Ni, where Ci and Ci−1 is the number of channels of the output and inp... |
<s>output with index (2,2), the result of averaging is a fraction that has been rounded to nearest integer. Average Pooling with stride 2 Max Pooling with stride 2 Chapter 2: Convolutional Neural Network: A Review Non-linear Layers Neural networks in general and CNNs in particular rely on a non-linear “trigger” functio... |
<s>image Detection using CNN is rugged to distortions such as change in shape due to camera lens, different lighting conditions, different poses, presence of partial occlusions, horizontal and vertical shifts, etc. However, CNNs are shift invariant since the same weight configuration is used across space. In theory, we... |
<s>and 3rd convolution layers contain 32, 64 and 128 numbers of receptive fields (kernels) respectively. The kernels in all the convolutional layers are of equal size: 3×3. After 1st convolution layer ReLU is used as activation function, but no sub-sampling layer is used. So, after the 1st convolution between 32×32 inp... |
<s>used for the convolution operation. Application of ReLU activation does not change the number of parameters. Pooling is not used in the first layer. After each of 2nd and 3rd convolution layers, ReLU function and MaxPooling (sub-sampling) with stride 2 are used in Model 2. Padding 1 and stride 1 are used for the con... |
<s>feature map size and 64 nos of 3×3 kernels, the size of the feature maps becomes 32×32×64. After first pooling, the feature map size reduced to 16×16×64. After 3rd convolution layer with 128 nos of kernel, the feature size becomes 16×16×128. After second pooling, the feature map size reduced to 8×8×128. And at the e... |
<s>128 nos of kernel, the feature size becomes 16×16×128. After second pooling, the feature map size reduced to 7×7×128. And at the end two fully-connected layers with 3500 and 50 neurons respectively are used as classifier. There are 2,400 parameters (for each of 3 channels of inputs, 32 numbers of 5×5 sized kernels) ... |
<s>It takes 68×68 RGB images as input. 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th convolution layers contain 32, 48, 64 and 96 numbers of receptive fields (kernels) respectively. The kernel sizes in the convolutional layers in model 5are7×7, 5×5, 3×3and 3×3 respectively. After 1st convolution layer ReLU is used as activation function, but ... |
<s>rate Conv. Layers Kernel Size Activation function & Pool size, Stride Affine Layers Regularization factor LearniRate Learning rate decay Batch size No. of Epochs Model 1 CMATERdb 3.1.2 3 nos. 1st Layer: 32 Kernels 1st Layer: Kernel size 3×3 1st Layer: Conv-ReLU 1 layer: neurons 32×32 0.001 0.0001 0.95 50 50 86.79% 2... |
<s>the recognizer. Among the different models used in this experiment, the best DCNN architecture is model 4, which has 3 convolutional layers and 2 affine (fully connected) layers. 1st, 2nd and 3rd convolution layers contain 32, 64 and 128 numbers of receptive fields (kernels) respectively. The kernel size in the firs... |
<s>Appendix A. Character Sample Images 4.3.3. Combined Database The both datasets (Database CMATERdb 3.1.2 and BBCD) are combined to form larger dataset containing a total of 52,788 samples subdivided into 28,529 (54.04%) training images, 8,400 (15.91%) validation samples and 15,859 (30.04%) test samples of similar Cha... |
<s>(THA)” that looks similar even printed form and more difficult in handwritten form. Table 4.4: Accuracy of the DCNN for BHCR No of Epoch Training Accuracy Validation Accuracy Test Accuracy 150 99.43% 92.10% 91.25% Similarly among 316 samples of “ঘ (GHA)” the model truly recognizes 254 cases (80.38%) and in 33 cases ... |
<s>samples of this combined dataset are challenging to detect. It is notable that proposed method does not employ any feature selection technique whereas many existing methods use single or two stages feature selections. Though, the methods in Refs. [52] and [53] consider 45 and 36 classes respectively by merging or ex... |
<s>selection for Bangla handwritten pattern classification. Proposed CNN structure has more depth compared to previous studies for Bangla Hand-written character recognition task. In this work, two large databases are merged together to form one larger database for the recognition task. The outcome has been compared wit... |
<s>a review. Pattern Recognit, 7:671–683, 1990. [3] Trier, OD, Jain, AK. and Taxt, T., Feature extraction methods for character recognition—a survey,. Pattern Recognit 29(4):641–662, 1996. [4] Plamondon, R. and Srihari, SN., On-line and off-line handwriting recognition: a comprehensive survey,. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal ... |
<s>K. and Saito, T., A non-linear normalization method for handprinted Kanji character recognition—line density equalization, Pattern Recognit 23(9):1023–1029, 1990. [26] Miyao, H., Maruyama, M., Nakano, Y. and Hananoi, T., Off-line handwritten character recognition by SVM on the virtual examples synthesized from on-li... |
<s>On recognition of handwritten Bangla characters, In: Proceedings of 5th Indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, pp 817–828, 2006. [44] George, A. and Gafoor, F., Contourlet Transform Based Feature Extraction For Handwritten Malayalam Character Recognition Using Neural Network, IRF Int. C... |
<s>Vision, 2014. https://code.google.com/archive/p/cmaterdb/Appendix A Table A.1: Samples of Database CMATERdb 3.1.2: Character Sample Images Character Sample Images Character Sample Images Character Sample Images Character Sample Images Table A.2: Samples of Database BBCD: Character Sample Images Character Sample Imag... |
<s>A Real Time Approach for Bangla Text Extraction and Translation from Traffic Sign2018 21st International Conference of Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), 21-23 December, 2018 978-1-5386-9242-4/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE A Real Time Approach for Bangla Text Extraction and Translation from Traffic Sign Saimoom Saf... |
<s>from the image and Example Based Machine Translation [8] algorithm. Our proposed method for Bangla detection and translation from traffic signs is comprised of three stages. The first stage detects the traffic signs from natural images. In consequence, the second stage extracts Bangla text from the natural image. In... |
<s>rate, which means that the detection should accurately catch as many edges shown in the image as possible. II. The edge point detected from the operator should accurately localize on the center of the edge. III. A given edge in the image should only be marked once, and where possible, image noise should not create f... |
<s>Figure 10. Figure 10: Output after Pixel Reversing. In addition, for better image processing we reshape the image into a constant height and width. We use 45 × 45 (= 2025) constant shapes for each letter. This output is illustrated in Figure 11. Figure 11: Characters after Reshaping. The flow diagram of the characte... |
<s>word/sentence to another language’s corresponding word/sentence. Machine translation is a complex problem because there are thousands of things that are needed to be considered. In basic level, we can just replace the words in a sentence with corresponding word in target language. That is not able to produce a good ... |
<s>ল School হাসপাতাল Hospital সামেন ওয়াই-জাংশন আেছ Y-Junction থামােনা িনেষধ No Stopping হণ বাজােনা িনেষধ No Horn Honking সেবা গিতসীমা Highest Speedlimit িবপদজনক খাদঁ Dangerous Dip বনেভাজন এলাকা Picnic Site রা যাপেনর ব ব া আেছ Overnight Accomodation Way সামেন ডানিদেক আচমকা মাড় Right Sharp Bend সামেন ডানিদক হেত রা া স হে... |
<s>International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM), Fukuoka, 2017, pp. 324-327. [7] Y. Li, Y. Fu, H. Li and S. Zhang, "The Improved Training Algorithm of Back Propagation Neural Network with Self-adaptive Learning Rate," 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Natural Computin... |
<s>/CalifornianFB-Reg /CalisMTBol /CalistoMT /CalistoMT-BoldItalic /CalistoMT-Italic /Cambria /Cambria-Bold /Cambria-BoldItalic /Cambria-Italic /CambriaMath /Candara /Candara-Bold /Candara-BoldItalic /Candara-Italic /Carta /CaslonOpenfaceBT-Regular /Castellar /CastellarMT /Centaur /Centaur-Italic /Century /CenturyGothi... |
<s>/ItcKabel-Bold /ItcKabel-Book /ItcKabel-Demi /ItcKabel-Medium /ItcKabel-Ultra /JasmineUPC /JasmineUPC-Bold /JasmineUPC-BoldItalic /JasmineUPC-Italic /JoannaMT /JoannaMT-Italic /Jokerman-Regular /JuiceITC-Regular /Kartika /Kaufmann /KaufmannBT-Bold /KaufmannBT-Regular /KidTYPEPaint /KinoMT /KodchiangUPC /KodchiangUPC... |
<s>/XYEUAT10 /XYEUBT10 /ZapfChancery-MediumItalic /ZapfDingbats /ZapfHumanist601BT-Bold /ZapfHumanist601BT-BoldItalic /ZapfHumanist601BT-Demi /ZapfHumanist601BT-DemiItalic /ZapfHumanist601BT-Italic /ZapfHumanist601BT-Roman /ZWAdobeF /NeverEmbed [ true /AntiAliasColorImages false /CropColorImages true /ColorImageMinReso... |
<s>2018iSAI_NLP_Model978-1-5386-8458-0/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE Model for Handwritten Recognition Based on Artificial Intelligence Narumol Chumuang1 and Mahasak Ketcham2 1Department of Digital Media Technology, Muban Chombueng Rajabhat University, Thailand. 2Department of Management Information System, King Mongkut's Unive... |
<s>the Firemaker data set as handwritten notes with Dutch characters as show in Fig. 5. Fig. 5. Example of Latin character data set. The MNIST data set is a subset of the NIST data set [19], a digitized image that is scaled to the standard and centered on a handwritten static size image. The image is 28 × 28 pixels, wi... |
<s>feature selection with genetic steps. The details of the process diagram can be described as follows: Step 1: Start with random pairing of feature. Step 2: Evaluate the chromosome feature group with the objective function. Because the system can not understand the chromosome value within the genome, it must decode i... |
<s>this research, Uniform Crossover is used. The point on the chromosome may be the cutoff point and the crossover mask is used to aid the crossover uniformity. The mask is a binary type and size is the number of bits equal to the length of the chromosome. The value of the mask in different positions indicates the cros... |
<s>for character recognition. V. CONCLUSION This papers aims to develop new algorithms for handwriting recognition systems. This study uses a set of alphabetical images, which are commonly used in the present case for character recognition. The three sets of data are Bangla Latin and MNIST, which are popular handwritin... |
<s>volatility, trading volume and survey sentiment indices." Expert Systems with Applications 73 (2017): 125-144. [11] Gunnarsson, C., et al. "Health Care Burden in Patients with Adrenal Insufficiency." Journal of the Endocrine Society 1.5 (2017): 512-523. [12] Kumar, D. Ashok, and Dhandapani, S. "A Novel Bank Check Si... |
<s>Research ArticleHandwritten Bangla Character Recognition Using theState-of-the-Art Deep Convolutional Neural NetworksMd Zahangir Alom ,1 Paheding Sidike ,2 Mahmudul Hasan,3 Tarek M. Taha,1and Vijayan K. Asari11Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA2Department of Eart... |
<s>scripts, and it is relativelydifficult to achieve desired accuracy on the recognition tasks.HindawiComputational Intelligence and NeuroscienceVolume 2018, Article ID 6747098, 13 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6747098mailto:alomm1@udayton.eduhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-2314-1207http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-9672h... |
<s>applied multicolumn CNNsto Chinese character classification. Kim and Xie [25] appliedDCNN to Hangul handwritten character recognition andsuperior performance has been achieved against classicalmethods. A deep learning framework such as a CNN-basedHBCR scheme was introduced in [26] where the best rec-ognition accurac... |
<s>ReLU. Here, f refers to activation function ofReLU. For example, if xl−1i inputs from l− 1th layer, kli,j arekernels of lth layer. (e biases of lth layer are representedwith blj. (en, the convolution operation can be expressed asj � f xl−1i ∗ ki,j + bj. (1)(e subsampling or pooling layer abstracts the featureth... |
<s>group (VGG) was therunner up of the ImageNet Large Scale Visual RecognitionCompetition (ILSVRC) in 2014 [52]. In this architecture,two convolutional layers are used consecutively with a rec-tified linear unit (ReLU) [53] activation function followed bysingle max-pooling layer, several fully connected layers withReLU... |
<s>FractalNet architecture is an ad-vanced and alternative one of ResNet, which is very efficientfor designing very large network with shallow subnetworks,but shorter paths for the propagation of gradient duringtraining [13]. (is concept is based on drop path which isanother regularization for large network. As a resul... |
<s>size of the filter (F) is 5 × 5 and stride(S) is 1 for convolutional layer.(e output dimension (M) ofthe convolutional layer is 28 × 28 which is calculatedaccording to (6). For better illustration, a summary of pa-rameters used in All-Conv architecture is shown in Table 1.Note that the number of trainable parameters... |
<s>2 N/AC3 Convolution 256 12×12 3× 3 294,912C4 Convolution 256 10×10 3× 3 589,824Max-pooling 256 5× 5 2× 2 N/AC5 Convolution 512 3× 3 3× 3 1,179,648C6 Convolution 512 3× 3 1× 1 262,144GAP1 GAP 512 3× 3 N/A N/AOutputs Softmax 10 1x1 N/A 5,120Table 2: Statistics of the database used in our experiment.Dataset # trainings... |
<s>In addition, on 13 special characterrecognition task, DCNNs show promising recognition ac-curacy, especially DenseNet achieves the best accuracywhich is 98.18%.0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91 51 101 151 201Number of epochsAll-ConvResNetVGG-16 NiNDenseNetFractalNetFigure 11: Validation accuracy of different architecture... |
<s>— —MPCA+QTLR [56] 98.55 — —GA [22] 97.00 — —LeNet+DBN [57] 98.64 — —VGGNet [9] 97.57 97.56 96.15DCNNAll-Conv[10] 97.08 94.31 95.58NiN [11] 97.36 96.73 97.24ResNet [12] 98.51 97.33 97.64FractalNet[13] 98.92 97.87 97.98DenseNet[14] 99.13 98.31 98.18Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 11Data Availability(e data... |
<s>2009.[19] B. Chaudhuri, “A complete handwritten numeral database ofBangla–a major Indic script,”in Proceedings of Tenth In-ternational Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recogni-tion, Suvisoft, Baule, France, October 2006.[20] O. Surinta, L. Schomaker, and M. Wiering, “A comparison offeature and pixel-based method... |
<s>35, no. 5, pp. 1285–1298, 2016.[37] S. Sladojevic, M. Arsenovic, A. Anderla, D. Culibrk, andD. Stefanovic, “Deep neural networks based recognition ofplant diseases by leaf image classification,” ComputationalIntelligence and Neuroscience, vol. 2016, Article ID 3289801,11 pages, 2016.[38] S. P. Mohanty, D. P. Hughes,... |
<s>Conference on Machine Learning,pp. 448–456, Lille, France, July 2015.[55] U. Bhattacharya, M. Shridhar, S. K. Parui, P. Sen, andB. Chaudhuri, “Offline recognition of handwritten Banglacharacters: an efficient two-stage approach,” Pattern Analysisand Applications, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 445–458, 2012.[56] N. Das, J. M. ... |
<s>Implementation of a reading device for bengalispeaking visually handicapped peopleMd. Mahade Sarkar, Shuvasis Datta, Md. Mahedi HassanDepartment of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringChittagong University of Engineering and Technology,Chittagong - 4349 , Bangladeshmahadesarkareee@gmail.com, shuvasisdatta@gmail.com... |
<s>shown here [4]. Tesseract an open source basedOptical Character Recognizer for Bangla printed documents isshown [5]. Several OCR was proposed but none of those areso efficient as tesseract. For the implementation of this projecttesseract-ocr engine has been used for doing OCR. Tesseract isan open source Optical Char... |
<s>RAM at 900 MHz memory.Raspbian a linux based distribution is being installed asoperating system. A Pi camera is connected to the RaspberryPi to capture the image of the printed papers. Raspberry Piis powered by a charger having good current rating as highas 1A. A loud speaker is connected to Raspberry Pi’s soundport... |
<s>classifiers: a static classifier, and an adap-tive classifier which employs training data, and whichis better at distinguishing between upper and lower caselettersD. Text to SpeechMain objective of this project is read out the documents.So text file found from tesseracct, need to convert to sound.That is done by gTT... |
<s>from the ouput ofthat text file. Any mismatch of words to the original printeddocuments is considered as wrong word. For calculatingaccuracy the device is testing on three printed bangla script.Fig.(3-5) shows the image of three printed Bengali script andtesseracted output text file.2017 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian ... |
<s>Text to Speech Synthesis”, 16thInternational Conference on Computer and Information Technology(ICCIT),pp. 60 - 64 , 2013[10] https://github.com/tesseract-ocr, Last accessed: August 14, 2017.[11] https://tesseract-ocr.repairfaq.org/downloads/saltcymru document5.pdf, Last accessed: August 14, 2017.[12] https://github.... |
<s>International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 7, Issue 2, February 2018, ISSN: 2278 – 1323 All Rights Reserved © 2018 IJARCET 155 Abstract— Handwriting recognition has been one of the most interesting research areas for last few years. Many scholars have conducted s... |
<s>Bengali handwritten words. This algorithm can be applied for any Indian as well as foreign languages. Here several tests are done on the algorithm of Bengali handwritten words. The paper is organized as follows- Section II contains Bengali script and online data collection, Section III deals with the related work of... |
<s>on strokes and trajectories are mathematically represented in an ink signal composed of a sequence of 2D points ordered by time. No matter what the handwriting surface may be, the digital ink is always plotted according to a matrix with x axis and y axis and a point of origin. Figure 1. Example of a online bengali h... |
<s>by θt, in the opposite direction and detect the skew angle is using Matra. This approach applied on offline data with an accuracy of 0.1 degrees. A page image is first divided into 20x30 rectangular blocks and the percentage of black pixels in each block is determined. If that percentage is between 5% and 25%, the b... |
<s>of gravity, the angle θ of the line, which connects the two gravity centers in relation to horizontal line, is calculated. Then the word is rotated clockwise by the angle θ if θ<90º, or anti-clockwise by the angle (180º-θ) if θ>90º. All the pixels move to the particular angle to correct the skew. 3000 Bengali words ... |
<s>by certion angle θ with respect to the point:- x’= xr+(x-xr)cosθ-(y-yr)sinθ and y’=yr+(x-xr)sinθ +(y-yr)cosθ (where x’ and y’ are new generated co-ordinate value, x and y are old co-ordinate value, xr and yr are co-ordinate of centroid of the word.) step 4: Now calculate the height of the word again and again for ea... |
<s>skew and got the encouraging result. Not much work has been done towards the online recognition of Indian scripts in general and Bengali in particular. So this work will be helpful for the research towards online recognition of other Indian scripts as well as for Bengali in the level of word, text and so on. In fact... |
<s>in Computer Science & Engineering Department, Faculty of Science & Technology, The ICFAI University Tripura since 2017. He has published many research papers in reputed international journals. His main research work focuses on Online Document Image Processing, Optical Character Recognition, Natural Language Processi... |
<s>untitledSee discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339676286Developing the Bangladeshi National Corpus-a Balanced and RepresentativeBangla CorpusConference Paper · December 2019DOI: 10.1109/STI47673.2019.9068005CITATIONSREADS4 authors, including:Some... |
<s>document, we’ll be discussing our approaches to build the corpus and methods that we’ll be using in the course of corpus creation. Bangladesh is often considered as one of the fastest emerging nations in the world in terms of economic growth. Besides, the country has a reputation in utilizing IT in the most creative... |
<s>the flow-chart showing the principal steps that we have considered while developing our corpus (mono-lingual) in the first phase. Fig. 1. The development process of Bangla corpus B. Second & Third Phase (Multilingual Parallel Corpora) In the second and third phase of the Corpus development task, we will be using the... |
<s>though it is a labour-intensive and resource-hungry option. Still, this method is better for leaflets, hand-written items, and recorded speech. • Existing electronic texts: There are many texts already exist in electronic form in Bengali which is a great source of text- such as Wikipedia, Baglapedia, Newspapers, Mag... |
<s>of lines: 1. Word lines containing the annotation of a word/token in 10 fields separated by single tab characters. The fields are namely- ID, FORM, LEMMA, UPOSTAG, XPOSTAG, FEATS, HEAD, DEPREL, DEPS, MISC 2. Blank lines marking sentence boundaries. 3. Comment lines starting with a hash (#). Example of annotating a B... |
<s>(token) in a document to the number of unique words (types) in the document is called Type-Token Ratio. Highest: mini (0.101) kilo (0.082) Lowest: giga (0.043) mega (0.059) A lower vocabulary usually density indicates complex text with a pool of unique words, and a higher ratio indicates simpler text with words reus... |
<s>the comparative frequency of some of ‘অব য়’ (which is a part of speech or grammatical category name in Bangla grammar). In comparison to English grammar, ‘অব য়’ can be used as both prepositions, conjunction and interjection in a sentence of Bangla language. ‘ও’ and ‘এবং’ are a somewhat similar type of POS in Bangla ... |
<s>design. [14] M. A. Al Mumin, A. A. M. Shoeb, M. R. Selim, and M. Z. Iqbal, “Sumono: A representative modern bengali corpus,” SUST Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 21, pp. 78–86, 2014. [15] S. Khan, A. Ferdousi, and M. A. Sobhan, “Creation and analysis of a new bangla text corpus bdnc01,” International Journal... |
<s>Uchida, H., Zhu, M., & Khan, M. A. S. (2012, December). UNL explorer. In Proceedings of COLING 2012: Demonstration Papers (pp. 453-458). [31] Salam, K. M. A., Uchida, H., Yamada, S., & Nishino, T. (2013). Web Based UNL Ontology Visualization. Journal of Convergence Information Technology, 8(13), 69. [32] Salam, K. M... |
<s>/Barmeno-ExtraBold /Barmeno-Medium /Barmeno-Regular /Baskerville /BaskervilleBE-Italic /BaskervilleBE-Medium /BaskervilleBE-MediumItalic /BaskervilleBE-Regular /Baskerville-Bold /Baskerville-BoldItalic /Baskerville-Italic /BaskOldFace /Batang /BatangChe /Bauhaus93 /Bellevue /BellMT /BellMTBold /BellMTItalic /Berling... |
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