text stringlengths 1 1.11k | source dict |
|---|---|
molecular-structure, symmetry, ir-spectroscopy, group-theory
You can check that there are 3 modes for $\Gamma_{trans}$ and 3 (2 for a linear molecule) modes for $\Gamma_{rot}$
For degenerate representations, you will see things like $x + y$ in the character table. This means that this representation corresponds to bot... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "molecular-structure, symmetry, ir-spectroscopy, group-theory",
"url": null
} |
algorithms, algorithm-analysis, sorting
Suppose that the inner while loop never terminates when $i = 1$. Let $j$ be the maximal value which appears infinitely many times as $A[1]$. After finitely many iterations, $A[1] \leq j$ always. Since $A[1] = j$ infinitely many times, there must be some subsequent iteration in w... | {
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"id": 18280,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "algorithms, algorithm-analysis, sorting",
"url": null
} |
python, beginner, tic-tac-toe, pygame
main()
pygame.quit() There's quite a lot going on here, beside the style issues (use snake_case instead of camelCase, for example).
The first big issue is that you're checking who won on every frame. You only need to check that when there's an input from either player, because th... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, beginner, tic-tac-toe, pygame",
"url": null
} |
sql, clojure
(def migration-20140208 {:version 20140208
:description "Create the articles table."
:apply (fn []
(when (not (table-exists? "articles"))
(sql/db-do-commands db-spec (sql/create-... | {
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"id": 6642,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "sql, clojure",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, particle-physics, feynman-diagrams, perturbation-theory, interactions
$$
S = \mathcal{T}\left[\color{red}1-i\int \mathrm{d}^4x \ \mathcal{H}(x) + \frac{-i^2}{2!}\iint \mathrm{d}^4x \ \mathrm{d}^4y \ \mathcal{H}(x)\mathcal{H}(y)+\dots \right]
$$
Usually, when people talk about computing the S-matr... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-field-theory, particle-physics, feynman-diagrams, perturbation-theory, int... |
organic-chemistry, reaction-mechanism, aromatic-compounds, catalysis
The subsequent β hydride elimination can theoreticly occur in both directions in your molecule. However, eliminating towards the hydroxy group allows keto-enol tautomerism with further stabilisation. Since β hydride elimination is a reversible proces... | {
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"tags": "organic-chemistry, reaction-mechanism, aromatic-compounds, catalysis",
"url": n... |
You could do it more formally (same logic thought) in term of probability like this:
First, split the probability space onto two disjoint spaces: $\\$ $P(M_1\leq3 \ \cap \ M_2 \ \mathrm{ purple}) \\= P(M_1\leq3 \ \cap \ M_2 \ \mathrm{ purple} \ \cap \ M_1 \ \mathrm{ purple}) + P(M_1\leq3 \ \cap \ M_2 \ \mathrm{ purple... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9838471623361619,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8713260183313547,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8856314798554444,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 284.81584384501537,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7983296513557434,
"ta... |
c++
Aside
Contrary to the other answer, I actually don't mind the series of if statements in:
unsigned getGradePointWith(unsigned mark)
{
if (mark <= 100 && mark > 90) return 10;
if (mark <= 90 && mark > 80) return 9;
if (mark <= 80 && mark > 70) return 8;
if (mark <= 70 && mar... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++",
"url": null
} |
textbook-and-exercises, bloch-sphere, hadamard
Using this language, we note that if $ a \neq 0 $ we can always make it $1$ (multiplying both coordinates by $ \lambda = a^{-1} $); so we get a subspace of $ \mathbb{CP}^1 $ defined by fixing $ a = 1 $. Assuming this "normalization", $b$ can obtain any complex value (incl... | {
"domain": "quantumcomputing.stackexchange",
"id": 5140,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "textbook-and-exercises, bloch-sphere, hadamard",
"url": null
} |
c, strings, pointers
As you can see, in the function stringChop I've put 2 strings because I didn't know how to return one, so instead I used a pointer to one string initialised in the main() function and edited it with the use of pointers.
Now, my question is: How can I achieve the same thing with a function that acc... | {
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"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c, strings, pointers",
"url": null
} |
undecidability
Title: Is this decidable language a subset of this undecidable language? I think I understand the theoretical definition of decidable and undecidable languages but I am struggling with their examples.
A(DFA) = {(M, w): M is a deterministic finite automaton that accepts the string w}
A(TM) = {(M, w): M ... | {
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"id": 6619,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "undecidability",
"url": null
} |
classical-mechanics, hamiltonian-formalism, hamiltonian
tl;dr: If the first cohomology group of the symplectic manifold is trivial, i.e. if ${\cal H}^1 ( M) = 0$, then every canonical transformation can be generated by a function.
Proof: Let $M$ be a symplectic manifold with form $\Omega$. A canonical transformation i... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "classical-mechanics, hamiltonian-formalism, hamiltonian",
"url": null
} |
java, multithreading, producer-consumer
switch (sem.availablePermits()) {
case 1:
if (threadName.equals("C3")) {
consumeItems(threadName);
if (threadName.equals("C3")) {
sem.release(NUM_SEMAPHORES);
}
... | {
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"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, multithreading, producer-consumer",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, electromagnetic-radiation, electrical-resistance, power, antennas
Title: What is the difference between antenna input impedance and its radiation resistance? I got to know that the input impedance of the halfwave dipole antenna is given as:
$Z_{in}$=1/$I_m$* sin($\beta$(H-|Z|))
where $I_m$ is the max... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electromagnetism, electromagnetic-radiation, electrical-resistance, power, antenna... |
clojure, simulation
(defn too-many-consec-multiples? [game-state]
(>= (:consec-match-dice game-state)
max-allowed-consec-multiples))
(defn handle-too-many-consec-multiples
"Sends the player to jail if they've rolled max-allowed-consec-multiples many \"doubles\"."
[game-state]
(if (too-many-consec-multip... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "clojure, simulation",
"url": null
} |
c#, unit-testing, xml, api
_show.RatingCount = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(doc.GetSeriesData("RatingCount"))
? (int?) null
: Convert.ToInt32(doc.GetSeriesData("RatingCount"));
_show.Runtime = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(doc.Get... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, unit-testing, xml, api",
"url": null
} |
cc.complexity-theory, circuit-complexity, upper-bounds
It doesn't have to be depth-two, any sort of fixed-depth result would be interesting. Proving that every $TC^0$ circuit can be represented in depth 3 by a circuit consisting of only symmetric function gates would be very interesting.
Some minor observations: | {
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"tags": "cc.complexity-theory, circuit-complexity, upper-bounds",
"url": null
} |
python, beginner, csv
Title: Hotel booking system help on how to book nights and memberships I am doing a GCSE NEA project for practice. | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, beginner, csv",
"url": null
} |
image-processing, homework
Title: Interpolation algorithms in computer graphics I'm looking for an image-processing algorithm that uses interpolation (polynomial, spline, doesn't matter). I have to implement such algorithm to process a bitmap for my labs. It can't be image resizing, it must be something else. Could yo... | {
"domain": "dsp.stackexchange",
"id": 225,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "image-processing, homework",
"url": null
} |
soft-question, paper-review, writing
Which style is more appropriate for theoretical computer science papers?
It is very clear to me that this question is strongly biased by the area (otherwise, I'd have asked ell.se or referred to https://academia.stackexchange.com/q/2945/7734), so I'm asking at cstheory. My question... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "soft-question, paper-review, writing",
"url": null
} |
c#, linq, recursion
public T Current
{
get { throw new InvalidOperationException(); }
}
public void Dispose()
{
}
object System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current
{
get { throw new InvalidOperationException(); }
}
public bool MoveNext()
{
return false;
... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, linq, recursion",
"url": null
} |
c#, powershell
if (InputObject != null)
foreach (TIn input in InputObject)
tasks.Add(Task.Run(() => ProcessTask(input)));
else
tasks.Add(Task.Run(() => ProcessTask()));
return tasks;
}
/// <summary>
/// Performs the p... | {
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"tags": "c#, powershell",
"url": null
} |
java
return getSubscriberId() == info.getSubscriberId();
}
return false;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Long.valueOf(getSubscriberId()).hashCode();
}
}
Comparator<Subscription<T>> c = (o1, o2) -> {
if (o2.getSubscriberId(... | {
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"id": 11697,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java",
"url": null
} |
boolean algebra problems. All possible logic operations for two variables are investigated and from that, the most useful logic gates used in the design of digital systems are determined. It involves fewer steps than the algebraic minimization technique to arrive at a … B. Section 5.5 Boolean Function Minimization. The... | {
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"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9473810481379379,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.817960856735764,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8633916187614823,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 791.7693690131123,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6016388535499... |
homework-and-exercises, lagrangian-formalism, differential-geometry, variational-principle, geodesics
$$ \frac{d^2x^\mu}{dt^2} + \Gamma^\mu_{\nu \rho} \frac{dx^\nu}{dt}\frac{dx^\rho}{dt} = 0$$
The coefficient of $\dot{\phi}^2$ you're seeing corresponds to $\Gamma^r_{\phi\phi}$. | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, lagrangian-formalism, differential-geometry, variational-p... |
c, assembly, virtual-machine
uint8_t register_index_1 = READ_BYTE(vm, PROGRAM_COUNTER(vm) + 1);
uint8_t register_index_2 = READ_BYTE(vm, PROGRAM_COUNTER(vm) + 2);
if (!IS_VALID_REGISTER_INDEX(register_index_1) ||
!IS_VALID_REGISTER_INDEX(register_index_2))
{
vm->cpu.status.INVALID_REGISTER... | {
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"id": 18901,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c, assembly, virtual-machine",
"url": null
} |
classical-mechanics, field-theory, complex-numbers, classical-field-theory
A complex scalar field represents different particles than a vector of two real fields. But this argument doesn't make sense in classical field theory, it is (if at all correct) only relevant in quantum field theory.
Only a complex field can re... | {
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"tags": "classical-mechanics, field-theory, complex-numbers, classical-field-theory",
"ur... |
# Probablity: 2 Urns
I'm trying to find the solution for this problem:
There are 2 urns: urn 1 has 2 red balls and 1 blue ball and urn 2 has 1 red ball and 2 blue balls. You're supposed to randomly select one urn and put your hand inside it to retrieve a ball.
What is the probability you chose urn2, if a blue ball w... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9763105287006255,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8259025139068875,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8459424431344437,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 184.13387628439895,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8979566693305969,
"ta... |
particle-physics, conservation-laws, standard-model
As such, the decay rate must be suppressed by roughly $\alpha^2$ w.r.t. strong decays, over 4 orders of magnitude. This is presumably what your course wishes you to notice. | {
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"tags": "particle-physics, conservation-laws, standard-model",
"url": null
} |
php, sql, mysql, security, pdo
Title: Inserting users using PDO prepared statements I made a small script to update fields in a database. I'm using PDO to connect to MySQL. All the business logic of PHP is in the top half of the file, and the form is at the bottom.
Here is the full code. If it's a POST request, it ope... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, sql, mysql, security, pdo",
"url": null
} |
matlab, genetic-algorithms, convergence, genetic-programming
Title: Why GA convergence curves continue as two parallel lines? I'm working on a optimization problem and using GA algorithm (in MATLAB, ga function).
As you know MATLAB plots GA result with two curves, one for the best values and other to show the mean val... | {
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"tags": "matlab, genetic-algorithms, convergence, genetic-programming",
"url": null
} |
Once the coordinate system $$(t,y^\alpha)$$ has been adopted on the spacetime from the foliation, $$x^a=x^a(t,y^\alpha)$$, then we can write (also the book uses the convention $$a=0,1,2,3$$; $$\alpha=1,2,3$$ or latin indices represent spacetime and greek indices only space), \begin{align} dx^a&=\frac{\partial x^a}{\par... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9830850867332735,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8014429002958203,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8152324871074608,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2808.593777470896,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9983197450637817,
"tag... |
ruby, converting, brainfuck
putc data[pointer]
putc data[pointer]
data[pointer] += 3
putc data[pointer]
pointer += 2
putc data[pointer]
pointer -= 1
data[pointer] -= 1
putc data[pointer]
pointer -= 1
putc data[pointer]
data[pointer] += 3
putc data[pointer]
data[pointer] -= 6
putc data[pointer]
data[pointer] -= 8
putc ... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ruby, converting, brainfuck",
"url": null
} |
computability, semi-decidability
Title: Is the set of Gödel numbers of computable constant functions recursively enumerable? I've been working on the following exercise:
$S = \{ x | f_x \text{ is constant} \}$. Is $S$ recursively enumerable?
Here, $fx$ is the function computed by the $\text{x-th TM}$. So it is a co... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "computability, semi-decidability",
"url": null
} |
keras, r
Title: Model with always Error in py_call_impl(callable, dots$args, dots$keywords) I have a problem with my trainingtarget, trainingtarget, trainable and testLables input variables in my model despite several posts about this subject (eg. https://github.com/rstudio/tensorflow/issues/375), this is not an insta... | {
"domain": "datascience.stackexchange",
"id": 9625,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "keras, r",
"url": null
} |
deep-learning, unsupervised-learning, prediction
Network B is trained in isolation, meaning it is trained separately from Network A. If we are training it to predict Nth-order derivatives, we would need to pre-record the relevant data, and then "replay" it to train Network B.
The combination of Networks A and B result... | {
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"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "deep-learning, unsupervised-learning, prediction",
"url": null
} |
graph-theory, treewidth
Title: Tree decompositions of optimal width where every vertex is in a bounded number of bags? Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices whose maximum degree is at most $\Delta$ and whose treewidth is at most $k$.
Does there exist a function $f(k, \Delta)$, independent of $n$, such that it is possible... | {
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"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "graph-theory, treewidth",
"url": null
} |
optics, visible-light, speed-of-light
Title: Speed and transparency of light I have been puzzled with a fact that as an object moves faster, it ceases its property of opacity. I mean to say that as an object moves faster we can see right through it (more clearly than in a situation when his speed is low). Now with the... | {
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"tags": "optics, visible-light, speed-of-light",
"url": null
} |
Code:
o
|\
| \
352 | \
| \ x
| \
* * * \
* | *\
* | o
* 6371| * *
| *6371
* | * *
* o *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* * *
Note the right triangle.
The equation is: . $x^2 + 6371^2 \:=\:6723^2$
5. ## Re: ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.6830456852912903,
"ta... |
python, game-of-life
Also you can do a much easier loop if you just do for rule in rules. You then access each rule directly rather than using an index. This does technically overwrite the original rule value, but you don't need it any more so it's not going to make a big difference. You don't need to call list since ... | {
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"tags": "python, game-of-life",
"url": null
} |
capacitance
To explain where this energy goes consider the dielectric being outside the capacitor.
The charges on the plates of the capacitor induce induce charges on the dielectric and are so arranged that there is a net force of attraction between the induced charges on the dielectric and the changes on the plates o... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "capacitance",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetic-radiation, visible-light, waves, reflection
Title: Why does a street light cast a wavey shimmer across the water (at night)
You will have to zoom in.
Why is the reflection a wavey one?
Could someone explain how this is occurring, to the layman, (with the style of feynman if possible -heh) :) If you l... | {
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phylogenetics, phylogeny, file-formats
94):0.05161,(Cg_MelR4_2:0.05291,(Cg_MelR1_1:0.02139,Cg_MelR2_1:0.02139):0.03153):0.01964):0.01751):0.02907):0.02427):0.06825):0.28079):0.29755):0.79342,(((ChTM4_2:0.04987,ChTM5_1:0.04987):0.11193,(ChTM4_3:0.02313,ChTM4_1:0.02313):0.13867):0.22831,(Ch_MEN_9:0.17455,((Ch_MEN_11:0.0... | {
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"tags": "phylogenetics, phylogeny, file-formats",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, reference-frames, centrifugal-force, coriolis-effect
with $a_t’$ the translation acceleration. In fact you can identify the terms:
$$
\omega’\times (\omega’\times r’)+\dot \omega’\times r’+a_t’
$$
as the acceleration in the inertial frame of a point fixed in the non inertial frame coinciding at th... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, reference-frames, centrifugal-force, coriolis-effect",
"url... |
fasta, phylogenetics, segmasker
e.g. a blast database. NCBI just haven't bothered, like if you can't see it why do it attitude. What they've said is that 50 characters is the limitation of the header for makeblastdb... what NCBI is looking for is a unique id at the start of the header it then truncates everything beyo... | {
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"tags": "fasta, phylogenetics, segmasker",
"url": null
} |
proof, complex, signal-energy, symmetry
&= \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}x_{e}^{2}(t)dt + \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}x_{o}^{2}(t)dt
+2\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}x_{e}(t)x_{o}(t)dt\notag.
\end{align}
The term $x_{e}(t)x_{o}(t)$ in the last integration corresponds to an odd signal (multiplication of even and odd signal results into o... | {
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"tags": "proof, complex, signal-energy, symmetry",
"url": null
} |
php, object-oriented
Don't use mysql_* - I know you said you're already planning to. I'm mainly saying this for future users.
Objects work best with other objects - If you have groups, it makes sense to have a User class, etc.
Code style - Make sure your spacing and indentation are uniform throughout the file, and thr... | {
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"tags": "php, object-oriented",
"url": null
} |
noise, estimation, maximum-likelihood-estimation
So, how does maximum-likelihood estimation work when samples have
correlated noise? Consider the case when we wish to estimate the
unknown mean of a $\mathcal N(\mu, 1)$ random variable, and we
have two observations $x$ and $y$. In the standard case of
independent obse... | {
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"tags": "noise, estimation, maximum-likelihood-estimation",
"url": null
} |
inorganic-chemistry
I can only give you some ideas here but not a definite answer.
Whenever we have tests for our first semester students there are some who forgot what a nitrate was, or nitric acid. But as we ask for a nitrate as trivial name an ortho-nitrate is an accepted answer as well. And many people will just ... | {
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"tags": "inorganic-chemistry",
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} |
matlab, image-compression
Thresholding is applied after quantization, and sets a number of coefficients to zero. Typically, consecutive groups of coefficients tend to go to zero together, especially after zigzag scanning pattern. In effect, for a typical nonzero DCT coefficient, there will be a tail of zero coefficien... | {
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Here are two resons.
1. We can define $n!$ to be the number of rearrangements of $n$ distinct objects in a list. The empty list has one rearrangement: itself.
2. We can define $n!$ as the product of all positive integers $k$ with $1\le k \le n$. If $n$ is zero, we have an empty product. An empty product must be neutr... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9452706575393677,
"tag... |
statistical-mechanics, temperature, thermal-radiation
Furthermore, the whole blackbody derivation relies on the black body being at the same temperature as its surroundings: this represents a state of equilibrium in which the heat going in equals the heat going out and temperature therefore remains constant. While a c... | {
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"tags": "statistical-mechanics, temperature, thermal-radiation",
"url": null
} |
javascript, sorting, json
// Beware: null is type object, but is not sortable.
const isSortable = x => (x !== null) && (isObj(x) || isArr(x))
if (!isSortable(o))
return o
if (isArr(o))
return o.map(sorted)
if (isObj(o))
return Object.keys(o).sort().reduce(
(m, x) => (m[x] = isSortable(o[x]... | {
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} |
What I've done so far
I think I need to differentiate it several times.
Here it is:
f(x) = x^(1/2)
f'(x) = 1/2 x^(-1/2) = 1/(2 x^(1/2))
f''(x) = - 1/4 x^(-3/2) = -1/(4 x^(3/2))
f'''(x) = 3/8 x^(-5/2) = 3/(8 x^(5/2))
But I'm stuck then
## Re: Taylor's series question
Hello Snowboy
Your problem is very similar... | {
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"tags": nu... |
Now let’s spice up the language and difficulty. Is it possible to find a function ${z=f(x,y)}$, ${C^\infty}$ in a neighborhood of ${(0,0)}$, such that ${f(0,0)=0}$ and ${\displaystyle df=(ye^{-(x+y)}-f)dx+(xe^{-(x+y)}-f)dy}$? Alright, the ${d}$ phrasing is just asking there is a local solution to the system ${\displays... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9783846678676151,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.842915773150305,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8615382076534743,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 120.88430050501222,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9643252491950989,
"tags": ... |
lambda-calculus
Title: Optimization of Church-encoded booleans in System F I can encode booleans in pure lambda calculus like this:
type Bool = forall t. t -> t -> t
true : Bool = \x y -> x
false : Bool = \x y -> y
Is there a procedure to optimize the following "dumb" function
dumb = \(b : Bool) -> b false false
t... | {
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"tags": "lambda-calculus",
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} |
programming-challenge, objective-c
if ([batsOnWireArray count] == 0) {
//if there are no bats on the wire
additionalBats = floor((lengthWire-(CENTIMETERS_FROM_WALL*2))/distanceFromEachOther)+1;
}else{
//calculate how many bats can be added between the beginig of the wire + 6cm and the first... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "programming-challenge, objective-c",
"url": null
} |
reference-request, data-structures, probabilistic-algorithms, bloom-filters, dictionaries
Title: Bloom filter variant I've been playing around with a simple probabilistic data structure which is very similar to a Bloom filter. Where a Bloom filter would use $k$ independent hash functions to choose $k$ of the $m$ bits ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "reference-request, data-structures, probabilistic-algorithms, bloom-filters, dictionarie... |
cc.complexity-theory, time-complexity, polynomial-time
Title: Time complexity with irrational exponent? Is there any natural problem in P for which the best known running time bound is of the form $O(n^\alpha)$, where $\alpha$ is an irrational constant? While admittedly I haven't done the analysis, and this is not str... | {
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"tags": "cc.complexity-theory, time-complexity, polynomial-time",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, quantum-field-theory, wavefunction, hilbert-space
$$\frac{1}{\sqrt2}(u_1(p)u_2(k)e^{ipx_1+ikx_2} - u_2(k)u_1(p)e^{ipx_2 + ikx_1})$$
or something similar. I regret my limited way of expressing correctly.
Certainly there is the problem if I consider instead of a half-spin particle a scalar particle, ... | {
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"url": nu... |
eigenvectors are not orthogonal, and their number could be lower than N). Let the function f(x) be continuous in the interval a and b and f(a). Typically bisection is used to get an initial estimate for much faster methods such as newton raphson that require an initial estimate. Bisection Method Description This progra... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8397339756938818,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 442.0704401216738,
"openwebmath_score": 0.49852967262268066,... |
python, recursion, tree, depth-first-search
Some other notes:
you can define tuples without extra parenthesis, e.g. return 0, 0 instead of return (0, 0)
the docstrings should be put in triple double-quotes. If a docstring is located on multiple lines, it should star with a new line (PEP8 reference)
Here is the code ... | {
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} |
they are simply "anti-derivatives". so you should first learn how to take derivatives of any given function before going into taking integrals of any given function.
Andrew
best way to learn is always to look into a few basic examples of different kinds of functions, and then if you have any further questions, be sure ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8189693689346313,
"tags": n... |
electromagnetism, special-relativity, forces
$$ E' = \gamma (E + v\times B) $$
$$B' = \gamma (B - v\times E/c^2) $$
since $E = |E| \hat{j}$ and $v = -|v| \hat{i}$ and $B = 0$ we have:
$$ E' = \gamma (|E|\hat{j}) $$
$$ B' = \gamma (|v| |E|\hat{k}/c^2) $$
and electromagnetic force will be
$$ F' = qE' + qv'\times B' $$
b... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetism, special-relativity, forces",
"url": null
} |
python, beginner, game, python-3.x
Here is my version of userAnswer, which I call startScrambleGame:
def startScrambleGame(letters):
print("Can you make a word from these letters: {}?".format(letters))
while True:
answer = raw_input('Enter 1 to scramble, or type a word to guess: ')
if answer !=... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, beginner, game, python-3.x",
"url": null
} |
integration, magnetostatics
Is this expression correct? It seems logical (when you replace $\vec{M} = \delta(\vec{r}) \vec{\mu} $ it gives you dipole formula) but I can't find it in a reference text book.
My question remains also for magnetic energy and magnetic force of a magnet submitted to an external field $\vec{B... | {
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"tags": "integration, magnetostatics",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetic-radiation
Title: What is the description of increasing frequency&decreasing wavelength in terms of the propagation of E&M fields in EM radiation? EM radiation is considered to be propagating electric & magnetic fields through space. (is this incorrect?)
When the frequency then increases (and wavelength... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetic-radiation",
"url": null
} |
c++, object-oriented, design-patterns, c++11, simulation
There must be some function, we call it DoMainProcessing, that periodically
gets called by an external source using the emulator (for example, every second or two).
It should detect when the driver made the carriage of the customer (depending
distance and ... | {
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"tags": "c++, object-oriented, design-patterns, c++11, simulation",
"url": null
} |
python, data-cleaning, data, interpolation
Title: Sparse Data Interpolation I have a price data set where on some days there are up to five data points and some days none at all. For example:
2.110 2017-04-19
1.910 2017-04-23
1.980 2017-04-24
1.980 2017-04-24
1.980 2017-04-24
1.230 2017-04-24
2... | {
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"tags": "python, data-cleaning, data, interpolation",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, schroedinger-equation, notation, differentiation
\end{align}
and take the adjoint
$$
-i\hbar \frac{d}{dt}\langle {\alpha}\vert =\langle \alpha\vert H
$$
where $H^\dagger=H$ has been used.
Then simply use the product rule:
\begin{align}
i\hbar\frac{d}{dt} \left[\vert \alpha\rangle\langle\alpha\vert
... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, schroedinger-equation, notation, differentiation",
"url": nul... |
sequence-alignment, phylogeny, positive-selection
Title: Measure the purifying selection for certain taxa along a phylogeny I am posting this message because I need clarity about the analysis I want to perform.
In my analysis, I have a homologous gene in 13 species, and I would like to evaluate the selection pressure ... | {
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Originally posted by Baten80 on 06 May 2015, 11:50.
Last edited by Bunuel on 06 May 2015, 11:52, edited 1 time in total.
RENAMED THE TOPIC.
e-GMAT Representative
Joined: 04 Jan 2015
Posts: 1897
How many positive factors do 180 and 96 have in common? [#permalink]
### Show Tags
Updated on: 12 Jun 2015, 03:42
1
6
Prese... | {
"domain": "gmatclub.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9766692284751635,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8095990263763985,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388083214156,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1939.2728030553933,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6514080762863159,
"tags": ... |
model. Partial autocorrelation is computed in the same manner as for standard product moment correlation. Sinusoidal behaviour on the partial autocorrelation function and spikes up to lag 3 suggests a moving average model of order 3 or MA(3). Each PAC is obtained from a different set of linear equations that describe a... | {
"domain": "chaosventures.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.981735721648143,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8071724351068768,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891261650248,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1254.9740245179125,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8607275485992432,
"tag... |
python, project-euler
>>> number_containing(5)
5
>>> number_containing(13)
11
>>> number_containing(99)
54
>>> number_containing(100)
55
"""
n = 1 # Number of digits.
first = 1 # The first n-digit number.
count = 9 # ... | {
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"tags": "python, project-euler",
"url": null
} |
python, performance, numpy, opencv
How can I improve my code? I think the trick is trying to vectorise this as much as possible:
By the look of it, the code is trying to threshold at 0 and count pixels under 255.
We can change the first part of the loop to:
counter = np.sum(image_in < 255) # Sums work on binary values... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, performance, numpy, opencv",
"url": null
} |
black-hole, galaxy, milky-way, supermassive-black-hole
Title: What will happen to the shape of a galaxy when a super massive black hole lying in its center dies(evaporates out)? What's at the Center of the Milky Way?
In this article it is said that a supermassive black hole lies in the center of milky way galaxy.
At... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "black-hole, galaxy, milky-way, supermassive-black-hole",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, special-relativity, maxwell-equations, electromagnetic-induction
The Lorentz force has a different origin. In the Heaviside system with $c=1$, the (Lorentz- and gauge-invariant) action integral of the electromagnetic field and (for simplicity) a single particle with mass $m$ and charge $q$ is given b... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electromagnetism, special-relativity, maxwell-equations, electromagnetic-induction... |
In [1]:
import oscovida
# The reproduction number R¶
In this notebook:
1. we describe some basics regarding the R value
2. Study how we can compute R from measured data of cases (or deaths) using two different methods
3. Apply these methods on different types of fake data with known values of R to recostruct these ... | {
"domain": "github.io",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9766692339078751,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8159910581238914,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835289107307,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 8279.133613140268,
"openwebmath_score": 0.3419719934463501,
"tags": null... |
acid-base
Title: What is a "Strong" Acid? If a reaction requires a "strong" acid - what does this mean? Does it mean any acid of a specific concentration or pH? Are only certain acids classed as "strong"? I have read on Wikipedia that it needs to ionise completely in an aqueous solution - in this case, is a strong aci... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 4131,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "acid-base",
"url": null
} |
ros, ros-kinetic, ubuntu, logging, ubuntu-xenial
Comment by jarvisschultz on 2020-10-19:
@MadeleineP You are probably running into the behavior described in this question that also includes a link to an open bug report.
Comment by alex_ on 2020-10-20:
@MadeleineP The answer from miura san worked for me (Ubuntu 16.04) ... | {
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"tags": "ros, ros-kinetic, ubuntu, logging, ubuntu-xenial",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, spacetime, wavefunction, fermions, pauli-exclusion-principle
Title: What's the point of Pauli's Exclusion Principle if time and space are continuous? What does the Pauli Exclusion Principle mean if time and space are continuous?
Assuming time and space are continuous, identical quantum states seem i... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, spacetime, wavefunction, fermions, pauli-exclusion-principle",
... |
Multiplying by $2^n$ we obtain $$1, 4, 11, 27, 62, 138, 300, 643, 1363, 2866, \ldots$$ which is OEIS A119706 where the above computation is confirmed.
The following Maple code can be used to explore these generating functions. The procedure v computes the generating function of the maximal run length of a string of $n... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9766692359451417,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8339903159891535,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8539127529517043,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 778.618855958702,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6429300904273987,
"tags... |
statistical-mechanics, condensed-matter, solid-state-physics, many-body, second-quantization
where $| \Phi \rangle$ is a Fock state.
What I can't grasp from here is why do we get a minus sign if we are treating with bosons, which work with a commutating algebra. Also, the only term which has 3 deltas that I can relate... | {
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"tags": "statistical-mechanics, condensed-matter, solid-state-physics, many-body, second-qu... |
Total number of outcomes:
$$6^{36}=10314424798490535546171949056$$
Number of desired outcomes:
$$\frac{36!}{6!^{6}}=2670177736637149247308800$$
Probability:
$$\frac{2670177736637149247308800}{10314424798490535546171949056}\approx0.02589\%$$
• How did you get desired outcome as that value? Possible for you to add ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8333245932423308,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 396.5355610042156,
"openwebmath_score": 0.965787947177887,
"tags... |
c, console, makefile
#
# Project's hierarchy
#
SRCDIR = src
BINDIR = bin
BINARY = kernel.bin
ISODIR = isodir
RESULTING_ISO = kernel.iso
#
# Colored printing
#
BLUE_COLOR = $(shell tput setaf 4)
GREEN_COLOR = $(shell tput setaf 2)
RESET_COLOR = $(shell tput sgr0)
BOLD = $(shell tput bold)
OFFBOLD = $(shell tput rmso... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 36215,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c, console, makefile",
"url": null
} |
javascript, angular.js
And this how data looks after the process is done:
[
{
"label":"Jan-14",
"issues":5
},
{
"label":"Feb-14",
"issues":1
},
{
"label":"Mar-14",
"issues":7
},
{
"label":"Apr-14",
"issues":4
},
{
"label":"May-14",
... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 20758,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, angular.js",
"url": null
} |
EXPLANATION:
Given that:
The ratio of frequencies is v1 : v2 = 1 : 2
Since the wires are identical, they will have the same L and μ.
The fundamental frequency, ν ∝ √T
Ratio, ν1 : ν2 = √T1 : √T2
⇒ν12 : ν22 = T1 : T2
12 : 22 = 1 : 4
# 1A string of 7 metre length has a mass of 0.035 kg. If tension in the string is... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9852713891776498,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8374522884899445,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8499711832583695,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 891.8143211221442,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6486081480979919,
"tags": n... |
c#, unit-testing, thread-safety, concurrency, async-await
public Task<TValue> GetValueAsync(TKey key)
{
return CallSynchronizedAsync(GetValueFunc, new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, default));
}
#endregion
#region Private Methods
private async Task<TReturn> CallSynchronizedAsync<TReturn>(... | {
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"tags": "c#, unit-testing, thread-safety, concurrency, async-await",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, fluid-dynamics, water, measurements, flow
From this expression, you see that for increasing flow rate, the height of the film increases. Also when you decrease the slope angle, the film thickness will increase.
Finally, increasing the viscosity, will increase film height. This makes sense when ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 18526,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, fluid-dynamics, water, measurements, flow",
"url": null
... |
the question increases. Here is another technique i used to follow. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Must solve GMAT practice questions in Number Theory and Number Properties. Day 2 of GMAT Preparation Divisibility Rules I had encounteered these indirectly on my 1st day of review yesterday and DEFINIT... | {
"domain": "nottibiancheitalia.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.984336353126336,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8137624661581757,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117876664789,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 880.8793819965209,
"openwebmath_score": 0.41904929280281067,
... |
python, json, hangman
I can tell you're using Python 3 because of the ugly parentheses on these prints. ;) But what's this? Function hangman_game doesn't contain any return statements! So it basically returns None. Why would we want to print None to the screen? We shouldn't be printing the result of hangman_game; we s... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 33004,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, json, hangman",
"url": null
} |
# Prove $\prod_{k=1}^n(1+a_k)\leq1+2\sum_{k=1}^n a_k$
I want to prove $$\prod_{k=1}^n(1+a_k)\leq1+2\sum_{k=1}^n a_k$$ if $\sum_{k=1}^n a_k\leq1$ and $a_k\in[0,+\infty)$
I have no idea where to start, any advice would be greatly appreciated!
• Have you tried induction? Seems like the most natural and logical way to s... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9828232899814556,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8253101067297044,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8397339736884712,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 258.1553846803817,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9351186752319336,
"tag... |
turing-machines, decision-problem, np, polynomial-time
$$\{L\mid \exists\text{polyn.time } \text{NTM }M: L=\{w\mid \text{all computations paths of }M(w) \text{ accept}\} \}$$
This directly corresponds to the definition of the $\forall^p$ operator in the next section of the mentioned article. However, nearly all defin... | {
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"id": 1468,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "turing-machines, decision-problem, np, polynomial-time",
"url": null
} |
c++, beginner, game, rock-paper-scissors
cout << "Computer: Scissor" << endl;
cout << endl;
for (time_t t = time(0) + 1; time(0) < t;) {}
cout << "User Wins! Rock Beats Scissor!";
break;
}
break;
case 'p'... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 4099,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, beginner, game, rock-paper-scissors",
"url": null
} |
python, deep-learning, keras, tensorflow
For example, if one considers a layers of the same size with constant weight matrix $w_{ij}=10$ and bias $b_j = 4$, so that $z^{L}_i = \sum_{j}w_{ij}z^{L-1}_j + b^L_j$, then if the neurons in layer $L-1$ (i.e. $z^{L-1}_i$) have zero mean and unit variance, then the neurons in l... | {
"domain": "datascience.stackexchange",
"id": 9731,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, deep-learning, keras, tensorflow",
"url": null
} |
electricity, electrons, potential, capacitance
Title: List of questions about charge, voltage, and capacitance Let's just say you run a 5V current from the battery into a circuit. From what I understand, this means that I am essentially pushing high potential electrons into the circuit. These electrons would be able t... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 36248,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electricity, electrons, potential, capacitance",
"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x
In the sample below, this is what I used to print the game state every turn. Notice that the Board class' __str__ method does basically the same thing you did in your Board.generate method.
The only real difference is that rather than simply representing the board's cells as strings, each cell is a ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, python-3.x",
"url": null
} |
machine-learning, python, optimization, convergence, survival-analysis
Iteration 37: norm_delta = 6.92093, step_size = 0.0036, ll = -232.99717, newton_decrement = 41.64906, seconds_since_start = 1.2
Iteration 38: norm_delta = 6.92753, step_size = 0.0032, ll = -232.68085, newton_decrement = 41.55361, seconds_since_star... | {
"domain": "datascience.stackexchange",
"id": 5727,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "machine-learning, python, optimization, convergence, survival-analysis",
"url... |
to an algebraic space. The reference is <em>Algebraization of formal moduli. II. Existence of modifications.</em> by M. Artin. </p> <p>$Y$ can be contracted to a point on an algebraic (projective) variety if in addition $Y=\mathbb P^{n-1}$, $n=\dim X$. You can prove this easily by hands. Start with an ample divisor $H$... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9840936054891429,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8152324826183822,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1032.683736208798,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8992882966995239,
"tags... |
stageros, ubuntu, stage, ros-fuerte, ubuntu-precise
Title: ROS Stage in Fuerte on 12.04 only supports 1 ranger or 1 sonar type how to do both
I understand that there is a ROS stage limitation of support where a robot is only allowed to have "rangers with 1 sensor only." As referenced here. As well as a rename of the ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "stageros, ubuntu, stage, ros-fuerte, ubuntu-precise",
"url": null
} |
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