text stringlengths 1 1.11k | source dict |
|---|---|
inorganic-chemistry, redox, titration
Note, however, that it is not entirely correct to state that sulfur in thiosulfate has oxidation state $+2$. In fact, there are two nonequivalent $\ce{S}$ atoms with oxidation states -1 and +5. Same goes for tetrathionate anion $\ce{S4O6^2−}$ where two central $\ce{S}$ atoms have ... | {
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"tags": "inorganic-chemistry, redox, titration",
"url": null
} |
a given set of values. There are two types of subsets, proper subsets and normal subsets. org>∗ 19 January 2017 Abstract This document lists 14283 symbols and the corresponding LATEX commands that produce them. 2283 ⊃ superset of. (The notation is generally not used, since automatically means that and cannot be the sam... | {
"domain": "b2bimpactdata.com",
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"openwebmath_score": 0.6763939261436462,
... |
visible-light, experimental-physics, laser, refraction, dipole
Limit 1 is where the wavelength of the laser is much shorter than the size of the object. This is the case considered by @Persian_Gulf. A dielectric object has index of refraction $n = \sqrt{\varepsilon}$, where $\varepsilon$ is the dielectric constant of ... | {
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"tags": "visible-light, experimental-physics, laser, refraction, dipole",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, quantum-spin
$$e^{i\theta S_y} S_z e^{-i\theta S_y}=S_z cos(\theta)- S_x sin(\theta)$$
What am I doing wrong? Yes. You are doing something wrong. The formula
$$
[f(A),B] =[A,B]\frac{\partial f(A)}{\partial A}
$$
only holds if $[A,[A,B]]=0$. This condition is indeed stated in the link you gave to the... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, quantum-spin",
"url": null
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php, html, mysql, mysqli
copy($_FILES['contractupload']['tmp_name'], $contract_path); // copy the file to the folder
$sql = "INSERT INTO addemployees (fname, lname, dob, embg, address, city, mobile, email, workplace, workposition, jobstartdate, contractfrom, contractto, healthbookfrom,
... | {
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"tags": "php, html, mysql, mysqli",
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c#, performance, beginner, programming-challenge
public static void GetPer(char[] list)
{
int x = list.Length - 1;
GetPer(list, 0, x);
}
private static void GetPer(char[] list, int k, int m)
{
if (k == m)
{
permutations.Add((char[])(list.Clone()));
}... | {
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On the other hand, the end behavior of a polynomial with an odd degree is in opposite directions for extremely negative and extremely positive values of x. Think of $\inline \fn_jvn {\color{DarkBlue} y=x}$, $\inline \fn_jvn y=x^3$, etc.
$\inline \fn_jvn {\color{DarkBlue} y=x}$$\inline \fn_jvn {\color{DarkBlue} y=x}$ ... | {
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c++, optimization, beginner, mathematics, console
else if(u2 == "cg") cout << (n * pow(10,5));
else if(u2 == "dg") cout << (n * pow(10,4));
else if(u2 == "g") cout << (n * pow(10,3));
else if(u2 == "dg") cout << (n * pow(10,2));
else if(u2 == "hg") cout << (n * 10);
... | {
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"tags": "c++, optimization, beginner, mathematics, console",
"url": null
} |
Example 3: Find the angle between $\vec{v}=\vec{i}+2\vec{j}+\vec{k}$ and $\vec{w}=-\vec{i}+3\vec{k}$.
Solution: Both versions of the dot product will be used here. Namely, the algebraic version is on the left and the geometric version is on the right. We have
$(1)(-1)+(2)(0)+(1)(3)=||\vec{v}||\,||\vec{w}||\cos\theta.$... | {
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"tags": ... |
• Thanks so much for the check, Zoltán. Actually, the orders are correct, because the $L^2$ has slope $1$ and $H1$ has slope 0.5 since I plotted agains DoFs. Or, I can compute the error with the usual "ratio between consecutives errors" and I see indeed $2$ and $1$ :-) Dec 30, 2021 at 20:11
• Btw, thanks so much for sh... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891305219504,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 572.907353098353,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6887579560279846,
"tags... |
string-theory, vectors, group-theory, group-representations, spinors
http://motls.blogspot.cz/2013/04/complex-real-and-pseudoreal.html?m=1
If you really need to explain what a representation of a group is, you should interrupt your studies of string theory and focus on group theory – keywords Lie groups, Lie algebras... | {
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"tags": "string-theory, vectors, group-theory, group-representations, spinors",
"url": nul... |
c, array, queue
// if known to be non-overlapping
memcpy(big_array_copy, big_array, sizeof big_array_copy);
// else
memmove(big_array_copy, big_array, sizeof big_array_copy);
Minor: Tidier print
Consider not printing a trailing ','. Little reason for a global array_print[]. Use the correct portable specifier
... | {
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"tags": "c, array, queue",
"url": null
} |
c#, winforms
Notice the very, very short lifetime of the dialog instance: because SaveFileDialog implements the IDisposable interface, it's best to keep any instance as short-lived as possible, and to wrap the instance in a using block, so as to ensure proper disposal.
Looking at how SaveToFile is implemented...
Syst... | {
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"tags": "c#, winforms",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, electricity
Title: If a perfect conductor were to move, what happens to the electrons? Theoretically, if a perfect conductor were to move (or start spinning), would the electrons inside it remain where they were or be 'dragged' along with the conductor? The electrons are charged particles and will e... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetism, electricity",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, symmetry, supersymmetry, feynman-diagrams
Let's call the term in $Z$ that we're considering $T$.
Without considering the symmetric exchanges that produce the symmetry factor, the contribution of each diagram to $T$ is simply its associated term without any numerical factor in front (a factor of 1... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, symmetry, supersymmetry, feynman-diagrams",
"url": null
} |
c++, memory-management, c++14, pointers
Layout
The code is hard to read, with long lines and huge blocks of spaces (perhaps a misguided attempt to align keywords?). Stick to a conventional layout and it will be much easier to read.
Fix the errors and warnings
These should need no further explanation (except perhaps t... | {
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"tags": "c++, memory-management, c++14, pointers",
"url": null
} |
ros-kinetic
So, is there a compiled package out there, now?
Comment by gvdhoorn on 2022-04-04:\ | {
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material-science, optical-materials
Title: Do some materials change optical characteristics under stress/strain? My (basic) understanding of lenses is that their refraction is largely determined by the material (index of refraction) and shape.
It seems possible to make lenses out of deformable materials, which I assum... | {
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The proof that $\mathcal{K}$ has FPP and it is not contractible can be found in D.R. Smart, "Fixed Point Theorems", Theorem 3.2.3.
• It is still contractible. So I don't consider this as non-trivial. – Anubhav Mukherjee Oct 24 '17 at 11:45
• @AnubhavMukherjee Well, I do. The OP explicitely asks about non-homeomorphic ... | {
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javascript, algorithm, time-limit-exceeded, sliding-tile-puzzle, a-star
Pattern database
The basic idea of a pattern database is to relax the original problem in such a way that it becomes feasible to create a complete database of exact solutions, using, for example, dynamic programming. The optimal number of moves fo... | {
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"ur... |
EDIT2: Let me also add this for a general problem. You can avoid Woodbury identity and instead use von Neumann expansion of $(I-B)^{-1} = I + B +B^2 + \dots$ for $\|B\| < 1$. So, in this problem for $t$ small enough, we have (using $(CD)^{-1}= D^{-1} C^{-1}$) \begin{align*} f(x + te_i) &= \text{Tr} [( I + t \Gamma^{-1}... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9835969698879861,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8300526677067815,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8438951045175643,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 559.0114300634161,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9997828602790833,
"tag... |
newtonian-mechanics, classical-mechanics, lagrangian-formalism, velocity, coordinate-systems
Your view of what constitutes a change in coordinates is too limited, I think. Consider the case of a bead which slides along a frictionless circular hoop of radius $R$, which is being rotated at a constant angular velocity $... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, classical-mechanics, lagrangian-formalism, velocity, coordina... |
-6 & 19 \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 17 \\ -29 & 0 & 15 \\ -8 & 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$$, $$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 8 & 9 \\ 11 & -15 & -13 \end{bmatrix}_{2×3}$$, $$k \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 11 \\ 8 & -15 \\ 9 & -13 \end{bmatrix}_{2×3}$$, $$\begin{bmatrix} 9 & 8 \\ 2 & -3 \end{bmatrix}$$, $$\begin{bmatrix} 4 & 2 \\ 1 &... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9854964198826467,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8376435524866234,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8499711775577736,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 405.3121916396033,
"openwebmath_score": 0.4575742483139038,
"tags"... |
spacetime, universe, vacuum
The first says that curves in space are continuous; the second says that they have no kinks; and the third says we have a distance function between points.
They are in order of increasing strictness; for example, a metric structure determines a smooth and continuous structure.
Since relat... | {
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"tags": "spacetime, universe, vacuum",
"url": null
} |
dsp-puzzle
Title: Nyquist's Stability Criterion and Cauchy's Argument Principle Background:
Nyquist's Stability Criterion for linear-time-invariant systems makes use of Cauchy's argument principle to determine if any zeros in the characteristic equation are in the right-half plane (positive real roots), given a closed... | {
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"tags": "dsp-puzzle",
"url": null
} |
javascript, object-oriented, regex, validation
const isParameterTwoValid = (data) => {
return !(/[^0-9]/.test(data));
};
function Validation() {}
Validation.prototype.validateFirstTypeRequest= (data) => {
if (!isParameterOneLengthValid(data.parameterOne)) {
data.code = 0;
data.message... | {
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"tags": "javascript, object-oriented, regex, validation",
"url": null
} |
floating-point, numerical-algorithms, numerical-analysis
$$\frac{\epsilon}{h} = \frac{h}{2}f''(x) \approx \frac{h}{2}$$ since we have $f''(x) \approx 1$.
Letting $h$ be the subject, we have $$h = \sqrt{2\epsilon}$$ which means the optimal $h$ is around $h = \sqrt{\epsilon}$ as expected.
Is my understanding correct? D... | {
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"tags": "floating-point, numerical-algorithms, numerical-analysis",
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C r has a mathematical formula: n C r = n! Level 6 - Use a calculator to find particularly large numbers from Pascal's Triangle. But for small values the easiest way to determine the value of several consecutive binomial coefficients is with Pascal's Triangle: Pascal's calculator (also known as the arithmetic machine o... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8723473846343394,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1078.766963279374,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7553508877754211,
"ta... |
thermodynamics, energy, heat, energy-conservation, carnot-cycle
Is such an apperatus possible within our present understand of nature? Why or why not?
(I presume not, as people would be selling kits.)
Just to pre-empt a possible answer: I've seen similar conversations in the past and "inefficient" has been given as th... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, energy, heat, energy-conservation, carnot-cycle",
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} |
ruby, ruby-on-rails, meta-programming
lib/tasks/merchant/csv_importer.rake
require 'merchant/web_csv_importer'
namespace :merchant do
desc "Imports data from a Web CSV into Merchant's table"
task web_csv_importer: :environment do
WebCsvImporter.new('http://expample.com/merchant.csv').call
end
end I like tha... | {
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"url": null
} |
Calculus End Term Exam Question Paper - MTH 166 - Lpu Question Paper. This subject constitutes a major part of mathematics, and underpins many of the equations that. Bookmark File PDF Instructor S Solutions Manual Vector Calculus Thomas H Barr Instructor S Solutions Manual Vector Calculus Thomas H Barr is one of the pu... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8333245891029457,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1036.9361832440816,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6265687346458435,
"ta... |
newtonian-mechanics, forces, inertial-frames, time, galilean-relativity
$$
\frac{d}{dt}\vec r = \vec v.
$$
I also imagine that the answer is "no", since for a onto function $t\mapsto\tau = s(t)$ the time derivative change as $\frac{d}{dt} = \left(\frac{d}{d\tau}s^{-1}(\tau)\right)\frac{d}{d\tau}$ and therefore two obs... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, forces, inertial-frames, time, galilean-relativity",
"url":... |
quantum-gate, superconducting-quantum-computing, quantum-advantage, random-quantum-circuit, google-sycamore
re they saying that in 200 seconds their quantum processor executed the circuit 1M times (as in 1M "shots") and they consequently measured the output state vector 1M times? Or something else?
Sort of. They are ... | {
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c#, cryptography
Title: MD5 hash generator I made this code for a simple WinForm for my school project where I want to add other hash and encryption algorithms. I have made it following the algorithm of the official RFC 1321 and the Wikipedia page. I checked if the algorithm is correct by generating a hash and indeed ... | {
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quantum-field-theory, hilbert-space
That is exactly what it does, but remember that the definition of $\Psi(x)$ contains a creation operator of antiparticles and an annihilation operator for particles. So $\bar{\Psi}$ is what actually creates a particle of spin 1/2 at x.
$\bar{\Psi}(x)|0⟩ = \int \frac{d^3p}{(2\pi)^3} ... | {
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Domain → Function → Range. Let's understand the domain and range of some special functions through examples. The domain of a function on a graph is the set of all possible values of x on the x-axis. Usage of brackets varies wildly across regions. In other words, it is the set of x-values that you can put into any given... | {
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"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9869795083542036,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8609889846117287,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8723473763375644,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 663.0092069123191,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6789700984954834,
"tags"... |
c++, c++11, c++17, bigint
unsigned int n = std::max(first.size(), second.size());
reverse(first.begin(), first.end());
reverse(second.begin(), second.end());
std::string result(n, '~');
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++){
if(first.size() <= i || second.size() <= i){
... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 37441,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, c++11, c++17, bigint",
"url": null
} |
quantum-chemistry, pauli-exclusion-principle
For posterity, below is my earlier incorrect version of my question. It's incorrect because it based on a table that used the atomic radii of bonded atoms to describe their sizes. That is a very different measurement from the sizes of neutral atoms, since for bonded atoms y... | {
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"tags": "quantum-chemistry, pauli-exclusion-principle",
"url": null
} |
ros, c++, beginner
Comment by alfa_80 on 2011-10-19:
I didn't get you. But I understood point No.1. As I tried further, I got a lot of bugs..Could you just show it by editing the code if possible, it's easier to view. | {
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"tags": "ros, c++, beginner",
"url": null
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visible-light, laser
$$\theta=\frac{\lambda}{\pi w_0}$$
(where $w_0$ is the beam's waist radius)
Meaning if you want a beam to diverge really slowly and get to the moon with the smallest size (so the intensity will be larger), you should increase the beam diameter at the waist (the place where the beam is the smallest... | {
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"tags": "visible-light, laser",
"url": null
} |
c, virtual-machine
exec_copyl:; // copy 4 bytes of top of stack and put as new top of stack.
#ifdef SAFEMODE
if( vm->sp-3 >= STK_SIZE ) {
printf("exec_copyl reported: stack underflow! Current instruction address: %" PRIu32 " | Stack index: %" PRIu32 "\n", vm->ip, vm->sp-3);
goto *dispatch[halt];... | {
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"tags": "c, virtual-machine",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, forces, free-body-diagram
My basic understanding is that the 200# are split evenly between point A and B...each with 100# pulling down(ish) on them. But then the wall crank ("C") is pulling presumably with 100#...which might then double the force at "B"?...or am I overthin... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, forces, free-body-diagram",
"url": ... |
ros
Original comments
Comment by tufail on 2014-11-04:
Everything worked fine. Thanks.
I didn't have to set the use_serial param to false as the katana I have is 400 6M180 (not 300). So for I have been setting the KATANA_TYPE environment variable to katana_300_6m180 which was wrong.
I installed the `libarmadillo-dev' ... | {
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First observe that for any $x_i = 1$ in our product we do not increase the value of the final product. Therefore we want $x_i > 1$. However, for any set of three $x_i = 2$ we want to refactor this set into two $x_i = 3$ since $3*3 > 2*2*2$. Now, for any $x_i > 4$ observe that subtracting 2 from our term increases our t... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8128673178375734,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 172.84133907628186,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8648813962936401,
"ta... |
star, planet
The luminosity $L$ of the star is given by the Stefan-Boltzmann law
$$L=4\pi R^2 \sigma T_S^4$$
where $T_S$ is the effective (black body) temperature of the star.
Now since $T_S$ is about a factor $1.7$ higher for Sirius A compared to the Sun, and the radius is also a factor $1.7$ higher, this means that ... | {
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"tags": "star, planet",
"url": null
} |
c#, error-handling
public ReplayData Parse()
{
if (FileNotFound())
{
throw new FileNotFoundException(string.Format(ErrorFileDoesNotExist, _replayFilePath));
}
if (FileExtensionNotSupported())
{
throw new ArgumentException(string.Format(ErrorFileExten... | {
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"tags": "c#, error-handling",
"url": null
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# Is the number of primes congruent to 1 mod 6 equal to the number of primes congruent to 5 mod 6?
(I know that there's an infinity of primes congruent to 5 mod 6, but I don't know if there is an infinity of primes congruent to 1 mod 6.)
But what I'd really like to know is whether or not the number of primes ≡1 mod 6... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9749889969825745,
"tags... |
quantum-field-theory, hilbert-space, fermions, grassmann-numbers, ground-state
$$
H\sim\sum_{\vec x} \sum_{a,b}\hat\psi_a^\dagger(\vec x)
D_{ab}\hat\psi_b(\vec x)
\tag{1}
$$
for some differential operator $D_{ab}$ whose details don't affect the essence of the answer. Since we've discretized space, we can streamlin... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, hilbert-space, fermions, grassmann-numbers, ground-state",
... |
1) Machine X takes twice as long to produce 400 bolts as it does for machines X and Y, working together, to produce the same number of bolts.
We already know that Machine X produces 400 bolts in 1 hour. Fact 1 tells us that 1 hour is TWICE as long as the time it takes the two machines to produce those same 400 bolts. ... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9582261192116938,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.800582143498653,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835330070838,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 3748.5940687086904,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7552152276039124,
"tags":... |
c++, algorithm, search, random, simulation
}
break;
case 6:
{
if(debug_info) {std::cout<<"toggle value at p1";}
size_t v1 = code2[code_pos] % code_size;
unsigned short v2 = code2[v1];
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, algorithm, search, random, simulation",
"url": null
} |
# Speed of Sound through Nickel
Tags:
1. Sep 17, 2015
### jhyrman
1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
From WebAssign:
One mole of nickel (6.02e23 atoms) has a mass of 59 g, and its density is 8.9 g/cm3. You have a bar of nickel 2.44 m long, with a square cross section, 1.8 mm on a side. You ... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.815607977720854,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8418256532040708,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2572.694837472882,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7266348600387573,
"tags... |
board-games, combinatorial-game-theory
I'm not an expert of their history, but I'm sure that initially there were many variations of them, and their rules/settings have "slowly been tuned" to better satisfy the above aspects. For example, in order to shorten the duration of a chess game and enter the middle game faste... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "board-games, combinatorial-game-theory",
"url": null
} |
geology
so any mechanical deformation of the material tends to compress it leading to further reductions in bulk porosity. The influence of Calcium and Potassium on the ongoing weathering of the rock and it's overall porosity depends greatly on the weathering regime; for example if weathering is continuously under wet... | {
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"tags": "geology",
"url": null
} |
php, strings, file, html5, network-file-transfer
The experimental implementation
index.html: main page for selecting and uploading file
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
html {
font-family: sans-serif;
}
div#drop_zone {
height: 400px;
width: 400px;... | {
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"id": 45163,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, strings, file, html5, network-file-transfer",
"url": null
} |
solid-state-physics, semiconductor-physics
Title: Do Holes move? ( Solid state electronics physics) Actually the question that I'm stuck with is related to the holes i.e. the vacant space which occurs when the electron gets displace or move to another position. As holes is the vacant space with positive charge then ho... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "solid-state-physics, semiconductor-physics",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, geodesics
\end{equation}
For Riemann connection, we have
$\Gamma^j_{ik} = \Gamma^j_{ki}$, then $\Gamma^j_{ik} u^i \xi^k = \Gamma^j_{ik} \xi^i u^k$. We finally obtain
\begin{equation}
u^i \nabla_i \xi^j - \xi^i \nabla_i u^j = u^i \partial_i \xi^j - \xi^i \partial_i u^j = 0.
\end{equation} | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, geodesics",
"url": null
} |
optimization, linear-algebra
Is this a valid solution according to the criterion of minimal error? Yes it is, this line produces points that rest on the known lines. Is it an acceptable solution?....No.
What else should we do to produce a valid and acceptable solution? Add a constraint to the calculation function so t... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "optimization, linear-algebra",
"url": null
} |
energy, momentum, energy-conservation, collision
In your question, you have inferred that the system of the two objects is isolated. That means total linear momentum, total energy, total angular momentum, and total charge (all of which are always conserved) should be constant. Obviously, the momentum of $m$ changes (c... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "energy, momentum, energy-conservation, collision",
"url": null
} |
c++, object-oriented, c++11, tic-tac-toe
Title: Tic Tac Toe Game in C++ using Classes I made a Tic Tac Toe game using classes to show a better approach than the Tic Tac Toe game in Tic Tac Toe in C++11 which works not with classes.
I already posted the code there as an improvement over the code posted in that question... | {
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"id": 33094,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, object-oriented, c++11, tic-tac-toe",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, symmetry
Title: Why is $[U(\alpha),H]=0$ is considered to be the definition of symmetry in quantum mechanics? In quantum mechanics, if a family of unitary operators $\{U(\alpha)\}$ depending on a bunch of continuous parameters $\{\alpha\}$, commute with the Hamiltonian of a system, we say that the s... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, symmetry",
"url": null
} |
c++, time-limit-exceeded, a-star, sliding-tile-puzzle
if (inCol[i])
{
for (auto z = y; z < n; ++z)
{
auto j = z * n + x;
if (b[j] == 0)
{
continue;
... | {
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"tags": "c++, time-limit-exceeded, a-star, sliding-tile-puzzle",
"url": null
} |
c++, performance, machine-learning
Let’s consider the squaring issue. You claim that manually squaring via x * x is faster than std::pow(x, 2). I call bullshit. I mentioned in a comment that GCC optimizes std::pow(x, 2) to a single multiply instruction even at optimization level 1, but I also offer this Quick Bench co... | {
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"tags": "c++, performance, machine-learning",
"url": null
} |
x 0 such that f(x 0) <= f(x) for all x in I. There will be problems down the road in which we will miss solutions without this! First let us find the critical points. If a point is not in the domain of the function then it is not a critical point. IT CHANGED MY PERCEPTION TOWARD CALCULUS, AND BELIEVE ME WHEN I SAY THAT... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9848109494088427,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8028498818276774,
"lm_q2_score": 0.815232489352,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 300.69050972341927,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7593972086906433,
"tags": nul... |
mechanical-engineering, applied-mechanics
I can't move on to select and appropriately sized pneumatic cylinder for my tester until I understand how to calculate the force output and impact energy. It's not an easy problem, there are a few things going on at the same time here. Most obviously, the piston has kinetic e... | {
"domain": "engineering.stackexchange",
"id": 609,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "mechanical-engineering, applied-mechanics",
"url": null
} |
Regression: Some Remarks Summary Exercises Appendix: Ridge Regression 11 Variable Selection Procedures Formulation of the Problem. Ridge regression is an example of a case where a biased estimator can outperform an unbiased estimator given small enough variance (or large enough improvements in efficiency. In any case, ... | {
"domain": "xnwe.pw",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9814534333179649,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8113791328453958,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117983401363,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 775.6429824887281,
"openwebmath_score": 0.490317165851593,
"tags": null,
... |
c++, array, collections, c++14
template<typename ConvertibleType>
constexpr array_view(array_view<ConvertibleType> other) noexcept
: m_pointer{ other.data() }
, m_size_in_items{ other.size() }
{ }
template<typename ConvertibleType>
constexpr array_view & operator = (array_view<Converti... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, array, collections, c++14",
"url": null
} |
beginner, vba, excel
Sheets("Daily Sales").Select
Columns("AD:AF").Select
Selection.Delete Shift:=xlToLeft
Sheets("Total Inventory").Select
Columns("AE:AG").Select
Selection.Delete Shift:=xlToLeft
Sh... | {
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"id": 13528,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "beginner, vba, excel",
"url": null
} |
We start with a straightforward definition similar to many others in this course. Read the definitions carefully, and note the use of and here rather than and .
Definition.
Let .
We say that is bounded above if there is such that ( ) . The number is called an upper bound for .
We say that is bounded below if there ... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9939024379880381,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8031399713112944,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8080672112416737,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 212.2761533021416,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9710810780525208,
"tags": null,
... |
quantum-field-theory, thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics
To find out what the N-point functions mean, we turn to the macroscopic limit of quantum field theories. These are treated in a more or less approximate way in typical books on nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, at least for the case of ideal gases. The en... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics",
"url": null
} |
graphs, time-complexity
And, if this simple algorithm does produce the result I want, I'd be eager to know if a more efficient algorithm exists. But I can't ask that question without being able to specify what the simple algorithm does do.
Or, if I did understand what equivalence relation the algorithm produced, I mi... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "graphs, time-complexity",
"url": null
} |
neutron-star, pulsar, accretion-discs
Title: Pulsars with accreting disk in binary system Following this line, I am wondering about the following question.
Accreting pulsars in binary systems are usually thought to accrete from a prograde disk, so increasing their spin in the process.
But why is the disk supposed to b... | {
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"tags": "neutron-star, pulsar, accretion-discs",
"url": null
} |
c#, .net-core
using BasicCodingLibrary.Models;
using BasicCodingLibrary.ViewModels;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Serilog; | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, .net-core",
"url": null
} |
magnetic-fields, magnetic-moment
The closer you approximate this situation, the more the field starts to look like a dipole field - analogous with the field created when you approach a positive and negative charge closer and closer together, with the product of charge and distance (the dipole moment) constant."
(a) Wh... | {
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} |
php, security, http, authentication
The documentation of uniqid says: Warning: This function does not create random nor unpredictable strings. This function must not be used for security purposes, this is because it's based on the time it is created. It's not so bad because your salt is actually random, but still. If ... | {
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"tags": "php, security, http, authentication",
"url": null
} |
## 3 Answers
Take $x=\sec t$, then $dx=\sec t\tan t\, dt$ and \begin{align} \int\sqrt{x^2-1}\,dx&=\int\sqrt{\sec^2 t -1}\sec t\tan t\,dt\\ &=\int\sqrt{\tan^2 t}\sec t\tan t\,dt\\ &=\int\sec t\tan^2 t\,dt \end{align} Next, integration by parts can be applied: \begin{align} \int\sec t\tan^2 t\,dt&=\tan t\sec t-\int\sec^... | {
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"tag... |
image-processing
Edit - July 14th, 2014
Seeing your comments, you wish to be able to distinguish between what is a nut and what is a bolt. As such, we can simply add on top of the current code. The algorithm that I have developed is loosely based on circularity: | {
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"tags": "image-processing",
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c#, performance, file-system, xaml
This code does what it should do. I have knowledge of 1 major and 2 minor bugs, but none of them are really breaking bugs:
MAJOR: from what I can tell, it does not handle symbolic links well. I have several games symbolically linked from another drive, but they're not found.
MINOR: ... | {
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"tags": "c#, performance, file-system, xaml",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, thermodynamics, energy, soft-question
Far more important though, is that this may also be the case today, I just don't know.
My question is: if the bullet is powered by a very hot stream of gas to fire it, after which it travels through the air at an average speed of 1,700 mph (2,740 kph), whe... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, thermodynamics, energy, soft-question",
"url": null
} |
php, object-oriented
Extra Info
I'm using a recursively instantiating dependency injection container. This means I can typehint for any object anywhere in my application, including in this service, and the object will automatically be passed in for me. Therefore, I don't have to worry about wiring - it needs to be mor... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, object-oriented",
"url": null
} |
java, search, graph, pathfinding, framework
public static void main(final String... args) {
final long seed = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Seed: " + seed);
final Random rnd = new Random(seed);
Triple<List<DirectedGraphNode>,
DirectedGraphWeightFuncti... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, search, graph, pathfinding, framework",
"url": null
} |
electrostatics, potential, soft-question
Title: How is the electric potential at infinity zero in the "Isolated sphere" case of a spherical capacitor? The following statement is from the book Concepts of Physics by Dr. H.C.Verma, from the chapter on "Capacitors", under the topic "Spherical Capacitor - Isolated sphere"... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electrostatics, potential, soft-question",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, electrostatics, dielectric
Title: Different forms of electric displacement vector D In Irodov's Basic Laws of Electromagnetism, D is derived as D=ε°E+P.
Later substituting the polarization vector for an isotropic dielectric as
P=Χε°E,
the result reached is
D=ε°εD where ε is dielectric constant of th... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electromagnetism, electrostatics, dielectric",
"url": null
} |
ros, kinect, world, points, pointcloud
Originally posted by Sekocan with karma: 38 on 2014-10-20
This answer was ACCEPTED on the original site
Post score: 1 | {
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"tags": "ros, kinect, world, points, pointcloud",
"url": null
} |
gravity, black-holes, time-dilation, hawking-radiation
My inclination is that the space outside the event horizon would behave differently than internal space upon exploding, atleast in terms of how drastically the curvature and time-dilation are changing.
After a black hole has lost its necessary mass to maintain it... | {
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"tags": "gravity, black-holes, time-dilation, hawking-radiation",
"url": null
} |
ros
Originally posted by thebyohazard with karma: 3562 on 2013-03-12
This answer was ACCEPTED on the original site
Post score: 2
Original comments
Comment by DIDI on 2013-03-12:
I tried it before, it gives me an error. Like: no correspondence for »operator=«. And I tried with goal_ as car_joy::SteerCarGoal goal_; and... | {
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"tags": "ros",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, forces, rotational-dynamics, reference-frames, torque
Title: Relationship between net force and net torque Why are the following two statements false?
If net torque is zero then net force must be non-zero.
If net torque is non-zero then net force must also be non-zero.
If net torque is zero the... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, forces, rotational-dynamics, reference-frames, torque",
"ur... |
c++
parameter(const std::string& key, single, const std::string& description = "")
: key_{key}
, description_{description}
, type_info_(typeid(single)) {
}
template <typename T>
parameter(const std::string& key, value<T>, const std::string& description, T argument)
: key_{key}
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++",
"url": null
} |
java, bitwise
Title: Finding binary gap in Java I want to know the performance of my code for following problem description.
For example, number 9 has binary representation 1001 and contains a binary gap of length 2. The number 529 has binary representation 1000010001 and contains two binary gaps: one of length 4 and ... | {
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• Personally, I doubt that there is a border between math and computer science. Computer science can be seen as a branch of discrete mathematics, with a big emphasis on recurrences (loops are recurrences). – Yves Daoust Oct 31 '18 at 14:46
• @YvesDaoust while this may be technically true, I don't agree with what I thin... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8688267728417087,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7302531599998474,
"tag... |
rviz, laserscan
Originally posted by maxbaeten on ROS Answers with karma: 11 on 2014-04-23
Post score: 0
Original comments
Comment by Angus on 2014-04-24:
Which ROS version? Which Rviz version (you can check by $rosrun rviz rviz)?
Comment by maxbaeten on 2014-04-25:
rviz version 1.9.34
ROS GROOVY
UBUNTU 12.04
amigo@m... | {
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"tags": "rviz, laserscan",
"url": null
} |
machine-learning, reinforcement-learning, q-learning, markov-process
Title: Markov Decision Process representation I'm attempting to model a simple process using a Markov Decision Process.
Let $A$ be a set of $3$ actions : $ A \in \{b,s\}$.
$T(s,a,s')$ represents the probability of if in state $s$ , take action $a$ a... | {
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"tags": "machine-learning, reinforcement-learning, q-learning, markov-process",
"url":... |
# How to translate Fourier transform table from f to simple omega?
The Fourier transform table we are given, lists Time function Vs Fourier transform in terms of f. But I want to have w(simple omega) instead of f. Is there a method to do the translation easily?
EG: I have rect(t/T) <==> Tsinc(fT). in the table. From ... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8130861513789382,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388104343892,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 417.9152425884255,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9908620715141296,
"tags... |
4. Dec 8, 2016
### Ling Min Hao
Sorry it should be -23 = 5(-4) - 3 , so in conclusion is, this statement true ?
5. Dec 8, 2016
### jbriggs444
"-23 divided by 5 is -4 with a remainder of -3". I would consider that statement true.
"-23 divided by 5 is -5 with a remainder of 2". I would also consider that statement t... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8089347317594767,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8244619285331332,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 802.5494135310657,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7341521978378296,
... |
algorithm, c, multithreading, file, homework
// initialize threads
int num_threads = 3;
pthread_t *tid = malloc(num_threads * sizeof(pthread_t));
for(int i = 0; i < num_threads; ++i)
{
err = pthread_create(tid + i, NULL, (void*)listener, sem);
if (err)
{
fputs("Unab... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "algorithm, c, multithreading, file, homework",
"url": null
} |
mathematics, quantum-operation, textbook-and-exercises, kraus-representation
$$\Phi(X) =
\operatorname{unvec}\Big(\underbrace{\frac{1}{d}\sum_a (A_a \otimes \bar A_a)}_{\equiv K(\Phi)}\operatorname{vec}(X)\Big) =
\frac{1}{d}\sum_a A_a X A_a^\dagger. $$
Note that the orthogonality of the vectors $\bs v_a$, $\langle \bs... | {
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"tags": "mathematics, quantum-operation, textbook-and-exercises, kraus-representati... |
There is an interesting bijection between the factorial numbering system and the interval of rationals $[0,1)$. Factorials replace powers in the factorial system. $321_! = 3 \cdot 3! + 2 \cdot 2! + 1 = 23_{base10}$. The numerals in each position are limited by the factorial. Only 0 and 1 can be in the first position; 0... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9790357622402972,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8179682696082348,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835452961425,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 306.1282776646947,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9083068370819092,
"tags... |
Clearly, $$AB = \left[A(B_{01}) \enspace \cdots \enspace A(B_{0n}) \right]$$. Consider the first $$r$$ columns $$\{A(B_{01}), \cdots, A(B_{0r})\}$$ of $$AB$$, and take their linear combination.
Let $$\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^r \lambda_i \cdot A(B_{0i})=\underline 0 \implies A\left( \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^r \lambda_i ... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9883127406273587,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8103110276641031,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8198933337131077,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 214.39268383144622,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9569270014762878,
"ta... |
kalman-filter, estimation
The model can be expressed as follows:
$$ X_{i+1} = \Phi X_i + w_i \\
Z_{i+1} = HX_{i+1} + \epsilon_{i+1} \\
$$ | {
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"tags": "kalman-filter, estimation",
"url": null
} |
navigation, message-filters, gmapping, laserscan, bagfile
Title: How can i save data into bag file so that i can perform gmapping?
I am trying to save data into bag file to run gmapping later. I don't want to do it through command line using rosbag, rather i want to write a python script to save the data into bag fil... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "navigation, message-filters, gmapping, laserscan, bagfile",
"url": null
} |
Skip to main content
## SectionMMMatrix Multiplication
We know how to add vectors and how to multiply them by scalars. Together, these operations give us the possibility of making linear combinations. Similarly, we know how to add matrices and how to multiply matrices by scalars. In this section we mix all these idea... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 552.7782355881624,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9809508919715881,
"tags"... |
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