text stringlengths 1 1.11k | source dict |
|---|---|
asymptotics, recurrence-relation
Title: Run time of recurrence with five uneven calls I am trying to figure how to find an upper bound for the running time of a given recurrence relation (without proving the bound) using the Iteration method. The recurrence is:
$$T(n)=2T\left(\frac{n}{5}\right)+3T\left(\frac{n}{10}\ri... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "asymptotics, recurrence-relation",
"url": null
} |
c#
Title: Write it better/neat/fast (if condition) How to write following if condition clean/fast/readable.
Any one of the fields 'address', 'city', 'district', 'province' can be null. I want to make full address by concat all these fields. Like
address = "Street # 32"
city = "My City"
District = "New York"
Province ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#",
"url": null
} |
cosmology, electromagnetic-radiation, big-bang, cosmic-microwave-background
The cosmic microwave background was emitted when there were no longer enough photons with sufficient energy to break neutral hydrogen apart in to free protons and electrons. Once this became true, photons just kept on traveling in whatever dir... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "cosmology, electromagnetic-radiation, big-bang, cosmic-microwave-background",
"ur... |
ecology, biodiversity, species-distribution
I hope this helps. | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 1706,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ecology, biodiversity, species-distribution",
"url": null
} |
quantum-chemistry, electrons, atomic-structure
One thing to realize about science is that we use various words in everyday language without bothering to come up with a precise definition of what those words mean. We just have an intuitive sense of the general meaning of words. So when we start doing science, we build ... | {
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"id": 9885,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-chemistry, electrons, atomic-structure",
"url": null
} |
gazebo-tutorial
Title: Problem on loading caster wheel of tutorial
Dear Gazebo Users,
I am a newbie user of Gazebo. Following the tutorial described in http://gazebosim.org/tutorials?tut=build_robot&ver=1.9%2B&cat=build_robot, I get error when I try to add caster element.
This is what I get:
Warning [parser.cc:713] X... | {
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"tags": "gazebo-tutorial",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, photons, entropy, quantum-electrodynamics
Title: Why don't photons split up into multiple lower energy versions of themselves? A photon could spontaneously split up into two or more versions of itself and all the conservation laws I'm aware of would not be violated by this process. (I think.) I've gi... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetism, photons, entropy, quantum-electrodynamics",
"url": null
} |
c++, c++14, iterator
#include <iterator>
namespace shino
{
template<typename Functor, typename InputType, typename Iterator>
class preprocessing_iterator :
public std::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag,
InputType, void, void, void>
{
Functor functor;
Iterat... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, c++14, iterator",
"url": null
} |
opencv
ros::NodeHandle &node_;
sensor_msgs::Image img_;
std::string video_device_name_;
std::string io_method_name_;
int image_width_, image_height_;
std::string pixel_format_name_;
ros::Time next_time_;
int count_;
IplImage* src;
IplImage* src_canny;
CvCapture* capture;
image_transport::Publisher image_pub;
UsbC... | {
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"id": 5813,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "opencv",
"url": null
} |
programming, qiskit, textbook-and-exercises
QiskitError: 'Data for experiment "circuit-109" could not be found.'``` After checking, this issue was introduced in the last qiskit-terra release. The textbook should be fixed to adjust the get_counts, as already reported here.
In any case, the workaround for now is removin... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "programming, qiskit, textbook-and-exercises",
"url": null
} |
### Name#
atan2(3) - [MATHEMATICS:TRIGONOMETRIC] Arctangent function
### Syntax#
result = atan2(y, x)
### Description#
atan2(y, x) computes the arctangent of the complex number ( x + i y ) .
This function can be used to transform from Cartesian into polar coordinates and allows to determine the angle in the corr... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.97112909472487,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8311419567146789,
"lm_q2_score": 0.855851154320682,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 10109.618077243307,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5095717906951904,
"tags":... |
power-spectral-density, window-functions
Title: Modified Periodogram function in MATLAB Given below is a function written in MATLAB for computing the modified periodogram, taken from Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling
function Px = mper(x, win, n1, n2)
x = x(:);
if nargin == 2
n1 = 1; n2 = ... | {
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"id": 6864,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "power-spectral-density, window-functions",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, entropy, physical-chemistry
Can we $dG = P dV - S dT$ to a spontaneous, and thus irrevesible reaction?
Yes, under a special condition: Suppose we have an irreversible process from equilibrium state $A$ to equilibrium state $B$. We may construct a reversible path between the end states and apply $dG = P... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "thermodynamics, entropy, physical-chemistry",
"url": null
} |
java, android, rx-java
one should generally avoid Subjects
You should just be careful around them, like you have. Just as a rule of thumb, keep Subjects private (inside your class), and if you want the outside world to be able to subscribe to it, just call subject.asObservable.
As for your code, you can perform the s... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, android, rx-java",
"url": null
} |
optics, astronomy
I think the LRO pictures are the best we're going to get for a while. (BTW, moon hoax believers love to say that the LRO pictures are also fake, since they, too, came from NASA (they didn't really). JAXA's KAGUYA spacecraft, while not photographing the footprints etc., did map the topography of the a... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 2985,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "optics, astronomy",
"url": null
} |
python, complexity, binary-search
Title: Faster binary search to find the index in Python? I am implementing a binary search algorithm and my code is as shown bellow:
def binary_search(a, x):
left, right = 0, len(a)... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, complexity, binary-search",
"url": null
} |
everyday-life
A temperature gradient induces a force on small particles due to uneven kinetic energy transfers. This processes is called thermophoresis. The hot plastic will create a strong temperature gradient in the air directly above the plastic, forcing particles away from the plastic and allowing them to be entra... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "everyday-life",
"url": null
} |
polynomial-time, oracle-machines
Similarly, $\Pi_1$ "is" $\forall yR(x,y)$ with $R$ in P.
Now for $\Sigma_2$ we have the same with an additional $\exists$ at the front: $\exists y_1\forall y_2R(x,y_1,y_2)$ with $R$ in P. Or, in other words,
$\exists y_1 R'(x,y_1)$ with $R'$ in $\Pi_1$. So we have existential nondete... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "polynomial-time, oracle-machines",
"url": null
} |
c++, error-handling
return IC::Result<float, OperationResult>(OperationResult::k_operationNotStarted, "Failed to start operation.");
}
int main()
{
auto result = tryPerformOperation();
if (result)
{
std::cout << "The result of the operation is: " << result.getValue();
}
else
{
... | {
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"tags": "c++, error-handling",
"url": null
} |
simons-algorithm
so, if the bit values of the first register are $x$ and $y$, we compute $0\oplus x=x$ with the first controlled not, and $x\oplus y$ with the second. Now we can make a truth table for the function. If the two inputs are the same, the output is 0. If the two outputs are different, the outputs are 1. So... | {
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"id": 1288,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "simons-algorithm",
"url": null
} |
standard-model, quarks, leptons
Title: Is It necessary, in the standard model, that the number of quark generations equals the number of lepton generations, i.e. 3? This question showed up in my particle physics exam and I'm not sure of the answer. I said no, since I can't see any reason why they must be equal.
But I ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "standard-model, quarks, leptons",
"url": null
} |
mathematics, hamiltonian-simulation, quantum-phase-estimation
Can I repeatedly use quantum phase estimation on the permutation matrices $A,B,C,D$ to loop through the $N^{th}$ roots of each of $A,B,C,D?$
Is $(A^{1/N}B^{1/N}C^{1/N}D^{1/N})^N$ the right approximation for $e^{A+B+C+D}?$ I don't think the last step holds. ... | {
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"id": 3134,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "mathematics, hamiltonian-simulation, quantum-phase-estimation",
"url": n... |
reaction-mechanism, water
Title: What is the product when Lithium solid is dropped in water? I am working on reaction predictions for the AP Chemistry and I need some help with this problem. On a practice quiz I tried to use the rule of "Metal + Water = Metal Oxide" so I answered with $\ce{2Li + O^{2-} -> Li2OH}$. I g... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "reaction-mechanism, water",
"url": null
} |
### Show Tags
02 Dec 2013, 19:06
1
5
00:00
Difficulty:
25% (medium)
Question Stats:
78% (02:01) correct 22% (01:39) wrong based on 158 sessions
### HideShow timer Statistics
Three of the sides of a rectangular prism have areas of 91, 39, and 21. What is the volume of the rectangular prism?
A) 252
B) 269
C) 273
... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 1,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8459424295406088,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8459424295406088,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 3550.65798185707,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7442860007286072,
"tags": null,
"url": "h... |
java, static
Well, I guess it works. However, it can be structured far better.
Basic Object Oriented Programming in Java
In Java (and all of this is also true for C#), every object has a type which is represented by a so-called class. We can define operations on each type, which we call methods. Some methods operate o... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, static",
"url": null
} |
resonance, valence-bond-theory
Title: What is resonance, and are resonance structures real? My teacher told me about resonance and explained it as different structures which are flipping back and forth and that we only observe a sort of average structure. How does this work? Why do the different structures not exist o... | {
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"id": 6089,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "resonance, valence-bond-theory",
"url": null
} |
nlp, bert, transformer
We increase the size of our test data set.
We experimented with different learning rates and batch sizes.
We used different transformer models from the Huggingface library, e.g. RoBERTa, GPT-2 etc.
Nothing of this has helped.
Does anyone have any recommendations on what we could do here? How ca... | {
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"id": 8751,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "nlp, bert, transformer",
"url": null
} |
The converse, however, is subtler. Suppose the minimal polynomial equals the characteristic polynomial. That means that for every polynomial $p(t)$ of degree stricly smaller than $n$, $p(T)$ is not identically zero; that is, for every polynomial $p(t)$ of degree strictly smaller than $n$, there exists a vector $v$ such... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9817357211137667,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8383166522872831,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8539127529517043,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 60.96249448866761,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9636895656585693,
"tag... |
beginner, ruby, programming-challenge, converting
def to_s
@binary.join
end
end
loop do
print "Enter string: "
bc = BinaryChar.new(gets)
puts bc # to_s is called automatically by puts.
end
with a module function
module Binary
def self.to_binary(string)
binary = string.scan(/.{1,8}/).map do |charac... | {
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"tags": "beginner, ruby, programming-challenge, converting",
"url": null
} |
arduino, mechanism, servomotor
It sounds simple, but there are other details to consider. Particularly, you'll probably need more power to drive the actuators than you would for LED's. This, of course, depends on the actuators that you choose.
There are probably more factors to consider beyond what i've mentioned ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "arduino, mechanism, servomotor",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, hilbert-space, representation-theory, commutator, unitarity
We define the operator $V=U_2^{\dagger}U_1$. Clearly $V$ is unitary. Furthermore $Vq_iV^{\dagger}=q_i$ and $Vp_iV^{\dagger}=p_i$ for each $i=1,\dots,n$. So in particular for every polynomial function $f(q,p)$ we have that $Vf(q,p)V^{\dagger... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, hilbert-space, representation-theory, commutator, unitarity",
... |
python, shell, interpreter
def redirect():
signIn()
def mUserRedirect():
makeUser()
def PwordSignIn():
rPword = input("Password: ")
with open('passwords.txt', 'r') as f:
for line in f:
if rPword == (line):
CMDLine()
else:
print("Incorrec... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, shell, interpreter",
"url": null
} |
organic-chemistry, intermolecular-forces
Possible mechanisms for the entropy increase include: (i) the attraction between discrete oppositely-charged areas, releasing counterions; (ii) the release of loosely-bound water molecules from the inter-membrane gap; (iii) the increased orientational freedom of previously-alig... | {
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"id": 8642,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "organic-chemistry, intermolecular-forces",
"url": null
} |
javascript, beginner, d3.js
return i * cellSize ;
})
.attr("width", 50)
.attr("height", 50)
.attr("r", 55); Here are some advices regarding the D3 part of the code:
Use scales!
Your if... else logic for filling the rectangles is cumbersome and luckily unnecessary: you can use a scale, in that case a th... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, beginner, d3.js",
"url": null
} |
organic-chemistry, nucleophilic-substitution, organic-reduction, organic-oxidation
Title: Organic reaction with Na2S2O4 Question:
In the first step due to cooperating Inductive and resonance effect C6H5N2 + will be attached at the ortho position of methyl group for which para position is occupied by Amine group bu... | {
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"tags": "organic-chemistry, nucleophilic-substitution, organic-reduction, organic-oxidati... |
semantics, compilers, denotational-semantics, operational-semantics, program-analysis
3) In the statement "If true Then $v_1$ := 1 Else $v_1$ := $v_2$ End", $v_2$ does NOT impact the execution of the statement, because the else branch of the statement will never be executed; the value of $v_2$ will never be read here.... | {
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"id": 2928,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "semantics, compilers, denotational-semantics, operational-semantics, program-analy... |
machine-learning, neural-network, q-learning
Therefore, you are training against the version of your network from the similar but previous correction session.
Notice, you don't store ["next state", action Y] because by the time you select it to train (maybe you didn't select it for several minibatches), the network mi... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "machine-learning, neural-network, q-learning",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, electrostatics, electric-fields, charge
$$\begin{split}
\mathbf E_{AB} &= \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{2\lambda L}{\sqrt{(z^2 + L^2)(z^2 + 2L^2)}}\left(- \frac{L}{\sqrt{z^2 + L^2}}\hat{\mathbf x} + \frac{z}{\sqrt{z^2+L^2}}\hat{\mathbf z}\right) \\
&= \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} \frac{2\lamb... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, electrostatics, electric-fields, charge",
"url": null
} |
physical-chemistry, acid-base, equilibrium
[...] It is very clear that methoxide is a stronger base compared to hydroxide, due to the +I (inductive) effect of the methyl group (electron releasing).
You are pointing out competing factors that, in abstract, should lead to either methanol or water being more acidic than... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "physical-chemistry, acid-base, equilibrium",
"url": null
} |
c#, server
SendToClient(tcpClient, clientId.ToString());
byte[] message = new byte[4096];
int bytesRead;
string data = "";
while (true)
{
bytesRead = 0;
data = "";
try
{
b... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 12906,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, server",
"url": null
} |
c#, f#, blockchain
override this.Equals(obj) =
match obj with
| :? Block as b -> (index, previousHash, timestamp, data, blockHash) = (b.Index, b.PreviousHash, b.Timestamp, b.Data, b.Hash)
| _ -> false
// I think this:...
//override this.GetHashCode() =
// let mutable hashCode = ... | {
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"id": 32060,
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"tags": "c#, f#, blockchain",
"url": null
} |
More examples on your own: Ex 9: Ex 10: Ex 11: Ex 12: Ex 13: Ex 14: Ex 15: Ex 16:
More examples on your own: Ex 17: Ex 18: Ex 19: Ex 20: Ex 21: Ex 22: Ex 23: Ex 24:
More examples on your own: Ex 25: Ex 26: Ex 27: Ex 28: Ex 29: Ex 30: Ex 31: Ex 32:
Express each number in scientific notation: 1.) 6,3002.) 4,600,000 3.... | {
"domain": "slideplayer.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
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"lm_q2_score": 0.837619961306541,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 4805.642288050782,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9551640748977661,
"ta... |
c++
Title: Inserting strings in middle of a text file using streams I have a text file in a specific format that I pass as the input of my program. I then want to write the output back to that same file. The format is as follows:
Input1:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-----------------------------------... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++",
"url": null
} |
beginner, parsing, datetime, web-scraping, rust
if date.is_none() {
'outer_third: for tag in html.find(Name("div")) {
if TAG_RE.is_match(tag.attr("class").unwrap_or("")) {
{
date = Some(tag.text().trim_matches('\n').to_string());
break 'outer_... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 24847,
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"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "beginner, parsing, datetime, web-scraping, rust",
"url": null
} |
regular-languages, context-free, pushdown-automata
Usually, the "reason" problems become undecidable is that there is some underlying infinite configuration space. This is not mathematically accurate, but it's a good intuition.
Thus, when you're checking the equivalence of two automata, you essentially ask "is there a... | {
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"id": 19072,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "regular-languages, context-free, pushdown-automata",
"url": null
} |
beginner, ruby, game, meta-programming
def help *args
p_info "Available commands:"
puts(@commands.join " ")
end
def taunt *args
if @player.save[:taunts_available] > 0
@player.taunt
else
p_warn "You have no more taunts."
end
end
def h... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "beginner, ruby, game, meta-programming",
"url": null
} |
object-oriented, csv, xml, vb.net
Q2: Since XmlParser has no methods specific to XmlParser (i.e. existing only in XmlParser), there is no advantage in casting the object to it. But since the base class EtlParser does not implement the interfaces, you must cast the object to these interfaces (what you are doing).
Q3, Q... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "object-oriented, csv, xml, vb.net",
"url": null
} |
c#, coordinate-system
The new ReorderBorder method:
private Vector2F[] ReorderBorder(Vector2F[] borderPixels)
{
var indexes = new List<int> { 0 };
var indexTest = new HashSet<int> { 0 };
while (indexes.Count < borderPixels.Length) {
int lastIndex = indexes.Last();
Vector2F last = borderPix... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 35769,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, coordinate-system",
"url": null
} |
physical-chemistry, quantum-chemistry, statistical-mechanics
Title: Why is the Maxwell–Boltzmann formula inapplicable at low temperatures? This Wikipedia article states that at sufficiently low temperatures (or high pressure), quantum effects lead to a breakdown of Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics.
I know that the spacing... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 11816,
"lm_label": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "physical-chemistry, quantum-chemistry, statistical-mechanics",
"url": null
} |
php, programming-challenge
} else {
$output = "Command $this->command not recognized." . "\n";
}
return $output;
}
/**
* call this method to use the draw class from the command line
*/
public function consoleListener() {
while($this->command != "Q") {
... | {
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"id": 8835,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, programming-challenge",
"url": null
} |
particle-physics, nuclear-physics, quarks, strong-force, pions
$$
r_\pi = \frac{\hbar c}{m_\pi c^2} \approx 1.3\rm\,fm \approx r_\text{nucleon}
$$
An unstable state with lifetime $\tau$ has an intrinsic uncertainty $\Gamma$, or width, in its total energy,
$$
\Gamma \tau \approx \hbar
$$
which you can think of as a kin... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "particle-physics, nuclear-physics, quarks, strong-force, pions",
"url": null
} |
python, beginner, adventure-game
missionFunctionAS()
if schoolhomechurch == "3":
print ("- you go to the church -")
time.sleep(3)
print ("*whispering* Wow... this is an amazing building!... But pretty scary as well...")
time.sleep(3)
print ("LOOK! There she is... At the conf... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 31824,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, beginner, adventure-game",
"url": null
} |
bash, linux
echo "POT-Creation-Date: $time+0200"
echo "PO-Revision-Date: $time+0200"
echo "Last-Translator: JohnnyKing"
echo "Language-Team: JohnnyKing"
echo "MIME-Version: 1.0"
echo "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8"
echo "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
echo "X-Generator: csv2xliff.sh"
echo "</target>"
echo ... | {
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"id": 17167,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "bash, linux",
"url": null
} |
mysql, bash, configuration
mysql --user="${mysql[adminuser]}" --password="${mysql[adminpasswd]}" <<<$mysqlcreate
virtualhost-install.sh - install desktop shortcut with arguments defined as defaults for GUI tool. Can be executed from "virtualhost-yad.sh" with values from form. Not for review as simple and similar. Nam... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 34133,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "mysql, bash, configuration",
"url": null
} |
formal-languages, context-free, formal-grammars, normal-forms
Title: The importance of normal forms like Chomsky normal form for CFGs I understand that context-free grammars can be used to represent context-free languages.It might have ambiguities. We also have normal forms like Chomsky and Greibach normal form. I cou... | {
"domain": "cs.stackexchange",
"id": 2055,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "formal-languages, context-free, formal-grammars, normal-forms",
"url": null
} |
c#, unit-testing
Title: Does my code need refactoring before adding unit tests? I have this code that works fine, but I would like to create some unit test for this class. Most of the code is in private or void type methods. Please help me refactor my class to make it more testable.
namespace Insperity.HCRBlackBox.HCR... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 4206,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, unit-testing",
"url": null
} |
neural-networks, regularization, early-stopping
In general, all the stochastic operations (SGD, weight init, train-test splits, samplings, etc) should be reproducible, for two reasons: 1) the performance of your model should not depend on random numbers that change every run, and 2) you want to avoid having both a luc... | {
"domain": "ai.stackexchange",
"id": 3797,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "neural-networks, regularization, early-stopping",
"url": null
} |
acid-base, equilibrium, aqueous-solution, ph
$$K_\mathrm{a}=\frac{[H^+]_e^2}{[HNO_2]_0}\tag{9}$$
Or
$$\ce{[H^+]} \approx \sqrt{K_\mathrm{a}\ce{[HNO_2]_0}}\tag{10}$$
- Comparing of the$\ce{ [H+]_e }$values resulted from solution the three
derived equations when the initial acid concentration equal $\mathrm{0.1}\t... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "acid-base, equilibrium, aqueous-solution, ph",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, gravity, antimatter
Title: Spin of anti-particles Pretty simple question (I think), probably stemming from my lack of formal background in physics.
I've been reading questions like this one related to attraction with respect to spin (a term I'm not familiar with but have a basic understanding of th... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity, gravity, antimatter",
"url": null
} |
php, object-oriented, interview-questions
* Singer group song is represented with a CSV of the group singer sing result in random order.
*
* The choir simulator must have implement the following methods:
* crescendo - the choir start singing from the least loud singer group, and then are being joined
* ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, object-oriented, interview-questions",
"url": null
} |
python, python-2.x, csv, gui, tkinter
set_overwrite = 1
if all_tasks is True:
LabelMaker("Order", "The current order is: " +
", ".join(curr_order))
return curr_order, task_file, set_overwrite
else:
sys.exit()... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, python-2.x, csv, gui, tkinter",
"url": null
} |
ros, turtlebot, velocity
Original comments
Comment by brianpen on 2012-07-19:
As far as I can tell, robot_pose_ekf just publishes a geometry_msgs/PoseWithCovarianceStamped, which doesn't include velocity. Am I missing something?
Comment by cagatay on 2012-07-19:
dx/dt = v will give you the velocity i guess
Comment by... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, turtlebot, velocity",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, kinematics, projectile
I was thinking of calculating the change in velocity on the y axis since I know its acceleration, so if I have $\Delta v = gt $ but I still don't have time.
Any hints on how I can find it? Thank you. You are almost there. The two equations you provided are missing the $\t... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, kinematics, projectile",
"url": null
} |
the average of three numbers. h Please help me to create a c program to find mode and median of an array. Everything compiles, but I can seem to figure out the few things C program to find the lcm and hcf of given numbers C program to convert a binary number to decimal,oc C program to find the mean,median and mode of a... | {
"domain": "kameographics.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9643214491222695,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8810778679539769,
"lm_q2_score": 0.9136765222384493,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 660.3949772343873,
"openwebmath_score": 0.18880972266197205,
... |
ros, ros2, mac
Originally posted by gvdhoorn with karma: 86574 on 2019-10-29
This answer was ACCEPTED on the original site
Post score: 2
Original comments
Comment by Py on 2019-10-30:
Thanks very much for the answer and the link :)
It seems counterintuitive that Eloquent will target macOS Mojave given that the latest... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, ros2, mac",
"url": null
} |
turing-machines, normal-forms
Title: Derive Turing Machine with high level description So I have been going over Turing machines for my revision and came across an old worksheet with the question:
Derive a Turing Machine using high level description with stages to decide on the following language {<,>| }. | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "turing-machines, normal-forms",
"url": null
} |
ros, gazebo, urdf
Title: This robot has a joint named "joint_1" which is not in the gazebo model
Hello.
There is also a topic "This robot has a joint named "foo" which is not in the gazebo model."link
But it didn't help.
I get the following error;
[ERROR] [1467817563.508002714, 0.339000000]: This robot has a joint na... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, gazebo, urdf",
"url": null
} |
Corollary 1.10(a) : $\varphi \to \psi, \psi \to \tau \vdash \varphi \to \tau$
and :
Lemma 1.11(b) : $\vdash \lnot \lnot \varphi \to \varphi$.
First, we can prove the "easy" version :
a) if $\Gamma \cup \{ \lnot \gamma \}$ is inconsistent, then $\Gamma ⊢ \gamma$.
Proof
1) $\Gamma \cup \{ \lnot \gamma \}$ is incons... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8596637505099168,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 336.1260478335111,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9345586895942688,
"tags"... |
beginner, html, css
margin: 9px !important;
}
.mainNavigation ul li:first-child {
width: 100% !important;
}
.mainNavigation ul li {
width: 25% !important;
text-align: center;
}
.mainNavigation p {
position: static !important;
color: rgb(0,0,0) !important;
text-align: center;
margin-top: 12px;
}
... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 12861,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "beginner, html, css",
"url": null
} |
pl.programming-languages, language-design
I've presented this idea in other circles, and I'm met with a lot of resistance, but no clear argument as to why this is not a good idea.
To me, it seems like a natural extension of the idea of exceptions - there are plenty of cases where this could be useful, for example whil... | {
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"tags": "pl.programming-languages, language-design",
"url": null
} |
machine-learning, r, xgboost, class-imbalance, ensemble-modeling
indexFinal = NULL,
timingSamps = 0,
predictionBounds = rep(FALSE, 2),
seeds = NA,
adaptive = list(min = 5,alpha = 0.05, method = "gls", complete = TRUE),
... | {
"domain": "datascience.stackexchange",
"id": 1639,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "machine-learning, r, xgboost, class-imbalance, ensemble-modeling",
"url": nul... |
python, beginner, python-3.x
print(printed_info)
def data_old(file_name):
one_day_ago = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
filetime = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getmtime(file_name))
if filetime < one_day_ago:
return True
else:
return False
player_lastna... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, beginner, python-3.x",
"url": null
} |
java, performance, programming-challenge, fibonacci-sequence
Not to be excessively negative, but the solution in the C# code is much cleaner than the one you implemented. No shame in that; it happens to all of us. But I assume you wanted some advice on making the code you have run faster, because if you just wanted to... | {
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java, programming-challenge
// Convert Roman numerals to regular numbers
double convertedInt = romanToInt(romanNumeral);
String creditWords = output[1];
// Splits the part of the String before Credit so that we get the number
String[] creditOutputWords = creditWords.split(" ");
... | {
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# Introduction¶
Recently, I stumbled upon fastai, a deep learning library build upon PyTorch with a very eye catching slogan: Making neural nets uncool again. As it turns out, there is also a very good course on this library from one of its creators, Jeremy Howard, that is very much hands on.
The task of Lesson 3 is ... | {
"domain": "nbviewer.org",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9683812336438725,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8005721849428639,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117919359419,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1002.0799698953714,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6479559540748596,
"tags": ... |
radiation, spectroscopy, elements
Title: What do counts per keV as a unit in alpha decay spectra mean? I'm reading a paper on superheavy elements. In this paper, they provide a spectra of alpha decays to prove that they have made the element they are researching. The units of the y-axis are Counts/5keV. I know what co... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 34175,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "radiation, spectroscopy, elements",
"url": null
} |
java, algorithm, comparative-review, tree, trie
if (printStatistics) {
System.out.println("PrefixTree.remove() in "
+ (end - start)
+ " ms.");
System.out.println("PrefixTree.size() = " + prefixTree.size());
}
start ... | {
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"tags": "java, algorithm, comparative-review, tree, trie",
"url": null
} |
ruby, http
hex_digest
end
end
end
end In (subjective) order or relevance:
You shouldn't really raise a RuntimeError (default):
raise "invalid or unsupported HTTP method: #{http_method}"
Instead, define your own exception class and raise it:
HttpMethodError = Class.new(StandardError)
...
raise HttpMethod... | {
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"tags": "ruby, http",
"url": null
} |
You see, that's a good thing, because this is what we compute from the SVD. So now we've solved an approximation problem. We found the best B is Ak. And the point is, it could use all the-- any of those norms. So there would be a-- well, somebody finally came up with a proof that does all three norms at once. In the no... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9904406006529085,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8143294919691771,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891261650248,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 669.4211253784235,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7065001130104065,
"tags": null,
... |
## Models#
We are interested in measuring the association between the type of the program and the math score with the days of absence. It’s also of interest to see if the association between math score and days of absence is different in each type of program.
In order to answer our questions, we are going to fit and ... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9755769049752756,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8086935549747316,
"lm_q2_score": 0.828938806208442,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1222.5561565112007,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6163470149040222,
"tags": null... |
particle-physics, astrophysics, dark-matter, relative-motion
I am wondering how one derives this result?
Any helps or comments would be appreciated. The number above is derived simply from the speed of our Sun and solar system with respect to the Galaxy.
The dark matter is expected to form (to first order) a virialize... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "particle-physics, astrophysics, dark-matter, relative-motion",
"url": null
} |
c#, algorithm, .net, deque
// The contents are wrapped-around the circular buffer so
// reposition the back (wrapped-around) contents to after
// the front contents.
else
{
// The front cells can be copied to the same indexes in the
// ... | {
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"id": 42558,
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"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, algorithm, .net, deque",
"url": null
} |
c#, ai, unity3d
int spinDefenceChancePerTickMin = 50;
int spinDefenceChancePerTickMax = 100;
int roll = Random.Range(0, 100);
if (roll >= spinAttackChancePerTickMin &&
roll < spinAttackChancePerTickMax)
{
StartCoroutine(SpinAttackTimer());
continue;
}
StartCoroutine(DefenseSpinTimer()); | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, ai, unity3d",
"url": null
} |
If, on the other hand, ${\rm E}(X^+) = +\infty$ and ${\rm E}(X^-) = +\infty$, then $X$ does not admit an expectation. In this case, must of the following must occur (a result by Kesten, see Theorem 1 in the paper The strong law of large numbers when the mean is undefined, by K. Bruce Erickson): 1) Almost surely, $n^{-1... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9632305360354471,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8187181948039838,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8499711794579723,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 247.78631064885025,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9603933095932007,
"ta... |
slam, navigation, mapping, exploration, hector
Title: How can i run hector navigation for exploration?
How can i run hector navigation?
I run urg_node and hector_slam but i don't know how can i run hector navigation for exploration.I searched very much but i can't find anything...
Originally posted by mr.karimi on R... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "slam, navigation, mapping, exploration, hector",
"url": null
} |
# Find the number of positive integer values
#### anemone
##### MHB POTW Director
Staff member
Hi MHB,
This problem drives me crazy because first, I have not encountered a problem like this before (but this is only an excuse and it must be my incompetence that holds me back from cracking it successfully) and I calle... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8259308066125358,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8438951005915208,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 377.1292930971771,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8464698791503906,
"ta... |
Sigur and Michael already responded to the part of your question regarding the intersections of convex sets being convex so I'm going to skip that.
The second part of your question is then about inscribing triangles in convex polygons. If you're looking to maximize area, then all three vertices of the triangle can be ... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9748211604938802,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8102158243337557,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8311430415844385,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 220.27686610371188,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6703444719314575,
"ta... |
epidemiology, definitions
Title: Definitions of common and rare disease Is there an epidimiological way to define rare and common diseases ? While "common disease" has obscure incidence and prevalence definitions, "Rare" or "orphan disease" is more defined.
In the US, the rare disease defined as a condition which aff... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "epidemiology, definitions",
"url": null
} |
optics
Fresnel Lens basics
The principle of a magnifying glass with just one lens is applied. Remember the the thick and heavy lenses of a magnifying glass. Since its radius of curvature is defined by its focal length, a standard lens must have a certain thickness.
Why does it show rings? That is the sections, where ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "optics",
"url": null
} |
c#, callback, mvvm, mediator
public AddableHashSet<contentType> this[keyType key] {
get {
EnsureKey(key);
return dictionary[key];
}
set {
EnsureKey(key);
dictionary[key] = value;
if(dictionary[key].Count == 0) {
diction... | {
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"id": 26686,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, callback, mvvm, mediator",
"url": null
} |
telescope
Title: What is the magnification of the Keck telescopes in Hawaii? What is the powers the telescope is used at? It really doesn't make much sense to talk about magnification unless you are actually looking into an eyepiece.
When you have a "backyard" telescope, for direct observation (not photographic) the ... | {
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"id": 2295,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "telescope",
"url": null
} |
c++, performance, strings, c++11, library
Title: Efficiency/design of trim() library code I am working on some library code and I am trying to optimize my trim() functions. To that effect I am trying to figure out how best to deal with each kind of input. Move semantics are starting to fry my brains a little. Sometime... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, performance, strings, c++11, library",
"url": null
} |
bioinformatics, bacteriology, genomics, genomes
However, an ANI of 95% does not actually mean that the genomes are 95% identical: it means that of the shared sequences, one expects 95% of the nucleotides to be the same. The percent of the sequences that are actually shared in the first place can be much, much lower. F... | {
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"id": 6537,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "bioinformatics, bacteriology, genomics, genomes",
"url": null
} |
• I don't think this in and of itself takes on the crux of the problem. It needs more work to be an answer. – Mike Dec 28 '20 at 1:04
• The factor of 3 really does throw a wrench into things. It is clear that the 2 equations prescribed by $y^2 \pm 2 = z^2$ has no integral solutions, it is not clear to me about the set ... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9755769085257165,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8129722304738033,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8333245932423308,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 181.36716095266655,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8345304727554321,
"ta... |
electrochemistry
Again from Wikipedia...
In the Daniell cell, copper and zinc electrodes are immersed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate and zinc sulfate respectively. At the anode (on the left), zinc is oxidized per the following half reaction:
$$\ce{Zn(s) → Zn^2+(aq) + 2e−} \tag{EMF -0.7618 V}$$
At the cathode (on ... | {
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"id": 10709,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electrochemistry",
"url": null
} |
java, beginner, mvc, swing, authentication
btnLogin.setFont(fntOther);
btnCancel.setFont(fntOther);
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see java.util.Observer#update(java.util.Observable, java.lang.Object)
*/
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
if (o instanceof DBUserAuth && ((Boolean) arg).booleanValu... | {
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"id": 25350,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, beginner, mvc, swing, authentication",
"url": null
} |
• 1 Solving recurrences Stanford University
• Section 2 Solving Recurrence Relations by Iteration
• SOLVING LINEAR RECURRENCE RELATIONS cs.ioc.ee
• ers generating functions only, he does not use the term “recurrence relation” even when he talks about the Fibonacci numbers. In other cited textbooks RR are used in a... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9838471637570105,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8342706664773966,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8479677506936878,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 616.8304921082495,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6817836165428162,
"tags... |
arduino, ubuntu-precise, ubuntu
/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_map.h:882:5: note: template<class _Key, class _Tp, class _Compare, class _Alloc> bool std::operator==(const std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>&, const std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>&)
/usr/include/c++/4.6/bits/stl_multimap.h:800:5: note: template<... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "arduino, ubuntu-precise, ubuntu",
"url": null
} |
c++, integer, c++17
return *this;
}
template<typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<std::decay_t<T>>>>
constexpr bool operator==(T&& rhs) const noexcept {
return array[0] == static_cast<std::uint64_t>(rhs) && array[1] == 0;
}
constexpr bool operator==(const uint128_t& ... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, integer, c++17",
"url": null
} |
carbohydrates, erratum
As you can see, there is no additional hydrogen on the anomeric carbon and it is not pentavalent.
The mechanism of ring-closure is also mentioned in sufficient detail on the corresponding Wikipedia page to which I hereby point you. Basically, the 5-hydroxy group attacks the $\ce{C=O}$ π system a... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "carbohydrates, erratum",
"url": null
} |
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