text stringlengths 49 10.4k | source dict |
|---|---|
Consider the circular sector of central angle $\alpha$ between two successive points of tangency. One has $${{\rm area(circular\ sector)}\over{\rm length(circular\ arc)}}={{1\over 2}\alpha r^2\over \alpha r}={r\over2}\ ,$$ and for the corresponding part of the polygon (a kite) one has $${{\rm area(kite)}\over{\rm lengt... | {
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"tags... |
php, mysqli
//execute ... and relax
$stmt->execute();
}
It looks a bit longer but is has the following advantages:
it uses a prepared statement
the parameters are bound by type so it'll not be attempting to
escape integers as strings for instance
The biggest problem is that it's using mysqli_ which doesn't have... | {
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"tags": "php, mysqli",
"url": null
} |
radiation, solar-system, radioactivity, asteroids
Title: How to estimate the minimum radius of asteroid the rocky portion of which melted due to radioactive decay? One of the mechanisms for the heating of asteroids in the early history of the Solar System is believed to be decay of the isotope ${}^{26}\mathrm{Al}$. Th... | {
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"tags": "radiation, solar-system, radioactivity, asteroids",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, gravity, lagrangian-formalism, conventions, cosmological-constant
Title: $d$-dimensional Einstein equations I am reading this paper https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.02577. On page 13, it is written that the $d$-dimensional Einstein equations are
$$G_{\mu\nu}+\frac{(d-1)(d-2)}{6}\Lambda g_{\mu\nu}=8\pi T... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity, gravity, lagrangian-formalism, conventions, cosmological-const... |
organic-chemistry, cheminformatics
A semi-interpretable 2D image of this 3D conformation, also generated by rdkit, is shown below. For comparsion, the "un-embedded" molecule, optimized to look nice on a 2D display, is also shown.
From the admittedly not-great 2D depiction of the embedded molecule, you can at least t... | {
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111022, 111031, 111102, 111103, 111111, 111112, 111121, 111202, 111211, 112002, 112012, 112102, 120002, 120012, 120102, 120112, 121002, 121102, 122002, 200002, 200012, 200022, 200102, 200112, 200122, 200202, 200212, 201012, 201022, 202012, 1000001, 1000002, 1000003, 1000011, 1000012, 1000013, 1000021, 1000022, 1000031,... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8895820379257202,
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python, object-oriented, python-3.x, json, tkinter
"driver", "teacher", "doctor", "grandparents"
]
},
"question3": {
"question": "What is the meaning of 'رخل' in English?",
"arabic": "رخل",
"transliteration": "ragul",
"answer": "man",
... | {
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"tags": "python, object-oriented, python-3.x, json, tkinter",
"url": null
} |
c++, c++11, pointers
// Conversion Constructors.
// Note: These will only compile if U is derived from T
template<typename U>
UniquePtr(U* data)
: data(data)
{}
template<typename U>
UniquePtr(UniquePtr<U>&& move)
: data(nullptr)
{
... | {
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"tags": "c++, c++11, pointers",
"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x, console
while restart not in ('N', 'n', 'NO', 'no'). In Python is more idiomatic to write while True and break inside the loop. It's not pretty but avoids weird pre-initializations.
print ("Making A Cup Of Tea"). No spaces between function name and parenthesis.
('N', 'n', 'NO', 'no'). Use lists for... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, python-3.x, console",
"url": null
} |
python, optimization, unit-testing, google-app-engine
Title: Is it possible to optimize the following boolean checks? The following code works and it prints out only True as it is supposed to, for all the different cases:
class User(object):
def __init__(self, key):
self.key = key
def is_ok(user_dbs, self_db):
... | {
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"tags": "python, optimization, unit-testing, google-app-engine",
"url": null
} |
javascript, stackexchange, userscript
//eliminate duplicate reasons
App.globals.reasons = App.funcs.eliminateDuplicates(App.globals.reasons);
for (var z = 0; z < App.globals.reasons.length; z++) {
//check that summary is not getting too long
if (data[0].summary.length < 200) {... | {
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"tags": "javascript, stackexchange, userscript",
"url": null
} |
arduino, laser, xtion
Title: How to read LaserScan by Arduino?
Hi
I'm using Xtion sensor to get LaserScan data using the following commands:
$ roslaunch turtlebot_bringup minimal.launch
$ roslaunch rtabmap_ros demo_turtlebot_mapping.launch rgbd_odometry:=true
$ roslaunch rtabmap_ros demo_turtlebot_rviz.launch
I can ... | {
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"tags": "arduino, laser, xtion",
"url": null
} |
electrostatics, electricity, atmospheric-science, earth, batteries
Title: Using the sky and ground as a battery Since there is a voltage difference between the ground and sky, shouldn't I theoretically be able to light a bulb by connecting one terminal to the ground and raising the other one to the sky (via a very, ve... | {
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Thus, almost surely, for every $$\alpha > 1$$, $$S_n=\sum_{k=1}^n{k^{-\alpha}|X_k|}$$ is negligible before $$n^{1/2}$$. Now, note that $$|Y_n| \leq S_n$$.
• @Kavi Rama Murphy: Yes, but this works for any $\alpha > 1$: so for any $\alpha > 3/2$, $Y_n^{(\alpha)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}Y_n^{(\alpha-1/2)} \rightarrow 0$ since ... | {
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### Source code
The images above were generated by a simple Python script below. See it here, if the gist fails to load. To run it, you will need to install Numpy and PIL (Python Imaging Library). The code itself is fairly straightforward, in fact, the most complicated part is the adaptive calculation of the brightnes... | {
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"tags": nul... |
vba, excel
Let's also remove the With destSheet. It's not serving much of a purpose other than to further nest the code. Let's also remove destRange as it's not being used at all. That brings us to here, which is getting somewhere.
Sub CopyTheSmithReportRange()
Dim sourceSheet As Worksheet
Dim destSheet As Wo... | {
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"tags": "vba, excel",
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} |
radiation, statistics, randomness
However, counts-per-hour (cph) do not follow this pattern:
mean cph = 2303.69
variance of cph = 3496.63
With the plot below, blue line being the theoretical normal distribution:
My question is, why does CPM follow a Poisson distribution but CPH does not? I suppose a Geiger tube shoul... | {
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"tags": "radiation, statistics, randomness",
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} |
fluid-dynamics, astrophysics, shock-waves
Title: Importance of speed of sound in astrophysical flows The speed of sound is very important in astrophysics in the study of accretion and wind flows. I have two questions as follows:
What is special about the speed of sound and not any other value of speed? I could not un... | {
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"tags": "fluid-dynamics, astrophysics, shock-waves",
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python, web-scraping, beautifulsoup, selenium
b
-----------------------------40642155113769355341724901495
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="diai"
31
-----------------------------40642155113769355341724901495
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="mesi"
1
-----------------------------40642155113769355341724901495... | {
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expansions, it is sometimes convenient to have the use of the Laplace transform for solving certain problems in partial differential equations. J (t) is the Bessel function of first kind of order 0, rect. Wolfram Education Portal ». 1 Continuous Fourier Transform The Fourier transform is used to represent a function as... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7930785417556763,
"tags... |
python, random
def _iterate_terrain(self):
"""
Loop through the terrain and change each
nearby tile to a value slightly larger or
smaller than the current tile value.
"""
for _ in range(self.iterations):
for row in self.terrain:
for tile in r... | {
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c++, beginner, c++11, homework
Title: If she floats then she is not a witch like we thought Continuing my C++ saga, this is the third project for my CS1 class:
Buoyancy is the ability of an object to float. Archimedes' principle
states that the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid that
is displaced ... | {
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javascript, html
CodePen Demo If I understand correctly, you want to add up all the fields, and print the result. If this is the case, you are complicating things quite a lot. If you think of the problem in terms transformations it will be easier to reason about. You have a list of numbers that you want to add up, tha... | {
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"tags": "javascript, html",
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} |
javascript, node.js
Title: How to handle multiple return statements I am trying to restructure a function more clearly and readable that has multiple return statements.
Usecase
Get a token:
if the token does not exist in the database then generate a new one and return it.
if the token exists -check if expired, if ex... | {
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c++, game, matrix, dependency-injection, sfml
int main()
{
sf::Vector2u resolution(screen_width, screen_height);
sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(resolution.x, resolution.y), "The Last Lost Bubble Shooter");
window.setFramerateLimit(60);
TextureWrapper textures;
SoundWrapper sounds;
Game... | {
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"tags": "c++, game, matrix, dependency-injection, sfml",
"url": null
} |
ros, quadcopter
Title: autonomously flying quadrotor
hi all,
i want my quadrotor to fly autonomously.
Are there any examples,what and how i can achieve this goal?
Until now,my quadrotor does only handle the sensordate from IMU(acc,gyro,mag).
IMU-->Kalmanfilter-->PID-Control -->IMU
Are there any ROS solutions,which ca... | {
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Let me just add a bit more on this construction. Notice, our construction depends on the choice of $\beta$. Fortunately, we can show the number of vectors in a basis is independent of the choice (that is, dimension is well-defined). Hence, this choice is harmless. That said, if we could construct an isomorphism which d... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9420030117034912,
"tag... |
special-relativity, kinematics, calculus
Title: Integrals of velocity and time in infinitesimal time interval I am reading Special Relativity for Beginners, by Jurgen Freund, and Chapter 12 is on Accelerated Motion. I am having a difficulty with a basic integral laid out in there.
The equation of the x-component of ac... | {
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"tags": "special-relativity, kinematics, calculus",
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} |
algorithm, graph, f#
107 114,2032 123,4581 62,5324 187,2610 60,52 116,9864 84,2954 182,8313 37,1144 169,668 52,3647 4,4383 41,8116 146,7862 112,7448 15,4589 176,6806
108 200,9976 185,8699 17,1942 40,8883 156,7039 92,1844 75,5943 22,9656 43,8964 27,9929 174,5669 90,9076 145,521... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "algorithm, graph, f#",
"url": null
} |
c#, multithreading, exception-handling
public void Dispose()
{
_exceptions.Enqueue(new ExceptionInfo() { ExceptionObject = new Exception("Disposing") });
_timer.Stop();
_timer.Dispose();
if (_writeTask != null)
{
//If there are except... | {
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"tags": "c#, multithreading, exception-handling",
"url": null
} |
ros, gazebo, physics, joints
</geometry>
</collision>
</link>
<gazebo reference="door_link">
<material>PR2/Grey</material>
<laserRetro>2000</laserRetro>
<turnGravityOff>false</turnGravityOff>
<selfCollide>false</selfCollide>
<dampingFactor>0.01</dampingFactor... | {
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"tags": "ros, gazebo, physics, joints",
"url": null
} |
periodic-trends, ionization-energy
Title: How to tell which species has the highest ionization energy? I am preparing for my final exam, and I am very confused about ionization energy. An example question would be:
Between the species $\ce{Ne, Na+, Mg^2+, Ar, K+, $\&$~Ca^2+}$, which one has the highest ionization ene... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "periodic-trends, ionization-energy",
"url": null
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php, beginner, http
/**
* Accepts assoc array, with keys q, page, per_page and mentions
* @param array $params
* @return array|\stdClass (don't know what type documents is
* @throws \InvalidArgumentException
* @throws \RuntimeExcpetion
*/
private function getSearchPage(array $params)
... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, beginner, http",
"url": null
} |
rust, game-of-life
vec![Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead],
vec![Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead, Cell::Dead],
]); | {
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"tags": "rust, game-of-life",
"url": null
} |
c++, classes, coordinate-system
Modified code
#include <cmath>
#include <concepts>
#include <ostream>
template<typename T>
requires std::floating_point<T> or std::integral<T>
class vector3d
{
public:
T x{};
T y{};
T z{};
T norm() const { return std::hypot(x, y, z); }
vector3d unit() const { ... | {
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knowrob
What might be the cause and how to solve it? Thanks~
====================================================
UPDATE:
New error messages:
% library(error) compiled into error 0.01 sec, 18,352 bytes
% library(lists) compiled into lists 0.01 sec, 44,824 bytes
% library(shlib) compiled into shlib 0.01 sec, 6... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "knowrob",
"url": null
} |
java, stream
public String getOtaName() {
return otaName;
}
public void setOtaName(String otaName) {
this.otaName = otaName;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return MoreObjects.toStringHelper(this)
.add("id", id)
.add("otaName", otaNam... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, stream",
"url": null
} |
sql, postgresql
This gives me the required result:
I came up with this query intuitively. I don't know if there is a better way to do this. Any comments will be appreciated. This gets you the same output:
SELECT id
, firstname
, lastname
, (SELECT string_agg(p->>'Number', ',') FROM jsonb_array_elements(phone) ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "sql, postgresql",
"url": null
} |
neural-networks, machine-learning, definitions, support-vector-machine
Title: What is a support vector machine? What is a support vector machine (SVM)? Is an SVM a kind of a neural network, meaning it has nodes and weights, etc.? What is it best used for?
Where I can find information about these? I find the chapter on... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "neural-networks, machine-learning, definitions, support-vector-machine",
"url": null
} |
c++, recursion, template, c++20, constrained-templates
// is_recursive_project_invocable template function implementation
template<std::size_t unwrap_level, class Proj, class F, class... T>
requires(unwrap_level <= recursive_depth<T...>() &&
recursive_invocable<unwrap_level, Proj, T...>)
static constexpr boo... | {
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"tags": "c++, recursion, template, c++20, constrained-templates",
"url": null
} |
m) =)au 1 au 2 (mod m) =)u 1 u In case the modulus is prime, everything you know from linear algebra goes over to systems of linear congruences. Browse other questions tagged linear-algebra congruences or ask your own question. We assume a > 0. You can verify that 7*59 = 413 so 7*59 â¡ 13 (mod 100). This website uses ... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9637799441350252,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8774767986961401,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 425.6677028017383,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7148410677909851,
"tags": nul... |
php, validation, laravel
public function update(Request $request) {
$validator = Validator::make($request->all(), $this->rules, $this->messages);
if ($validator->fails()) {
return redirect()->back()->withErrors($validator->errors())->withInput();
} else {
$settings = Se... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, validation, laravel",
"url": null
} |
datetime, vba, excel
Don't assume the workbook and worksheet. Your code is assuming it's running on the ActiveSheet when it doesn't have to be. So in your case, assign a couple variables to explicitly identify your execution environment. This guarantees far fewer headaches in the future.
Dynamically size the range of ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "datetime, vba, excel",
"url": null
} |
sql, vb.net, authorization
Try
sqlCmd.CommandTimeout = m_iSQLTimeOut
MyAdapter.Fill(dt)
getDataTableFromSqlCmd = dt
Catch ex As Exception
Throw New ApplicationException("GET DATA TABLE ERROR")
Finally
sqlCmd.Dispose()
MyAdapter.Dispose()
dt.Dispose()
... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "sql, vb.net, authorization",
"url": null
} |
c++, performance, algorithm
void generateBoard(Board board, Board& solvedBoard, bool& boardFound)
{
if(boardFound) {
std::cout << "\n\n\nFOUND!!!!!!!!\n\n\n";
return;
}
for(auto& block : board.blocks) {
for(auto& eTile : block.get_expandable_tiles(board.get_fTiles())) {
... | {
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"id": 44623,
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"tags": "c++, performance, algorithm",
"url": null
} |
Let $A=\{a_n:n\in\mathbb N\}$. Using Bolzano-Weierstrass for the bounded sequence $\{f_n(a_1)\}_{n\in\mathbb N}$ we can find a convergent subsequence which we denote as $\{f_{1,n}(a_1)\}_{n\in\mathbb N}$. Next, as $\{f_{1,n}(a_2)\}_{n\in\mathbb N}$ is bounded, it also contains a convergent subsequence which we denote a... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9859363713038174,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8634702549733136,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8757869981319862,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 88.43574137365928,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9963683485984802,
"tag... |
c#, performance, strings
while (0 < count--) {
if (!IsWhitespaceCharacter(m_bytes, index--)) {
break;
}
}
return SliceLeft(++count);
}
/// <summary>
/// Removes all leading and trailing whitespace characters from this ... | {
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"tags": "c#, performance, strings",
"url": null
} |
algorithms, graphs, np-complete
Maybe Vertex cover would be useful? This problem is a generalization of the decision version of the bin packing problem (BPP). While all bins in BPP have the same given capacity, the capacities of the machines in this problem are variable.
The decision version of BPP is $\mathsf{NP}$-co... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "algorithms, graphs, np-complete",
"url": null
} |
# Area of Overlapping Quadrilateral Tiles
I was studying for some quizzes when I stumbled across this question. It goes like this:
Two regular quadrilaterals vinyl tiles each of $1$ foot long on each sides overlap each other such that the overlapping region is a regular octagon. What is the area of the overlapping re... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9833429563296484,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8490100616783621,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8633916134888614,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 593.5814864560559,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7767409086227417,
"tag... |
30 Bijection Every path in (A) must “cross” the diagonal at least once. We look at the first “crossing”, and then “flip the path”. (picture from wiki) The easiest way to see that this is a bijection is to define the inverse function. Given a monotone path from (0,0) to (n-1,n+1), it must cross the diagonal. Look at the... | {
"domain": "slideplayer.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9925393556533172,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.820543997754319,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8267118004748678,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 666.553688418911,
"openwebmath_score": 0.854701578617096,
"tags": n... |
c++, c++11, opengl
glGetProgramiv(shader_program, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &linker_log_length);
if(linker_log_length > 1)
{
GLchar *linker_log = new GLchar[(linker_log_length + 1)];
glGetProgramInfoLog(shader_program, linker_log_length, nullptr, linker_log);
cerr << "Linker Log:\n" << linker_log << endl;
... | {
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"id": 18355,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, c++11, opengl",
"url": null
} |
c#, console, minesweeper
it does a little more work for each input, but you only write it once. Now that we have this we can move on to the next method.
This method puts it all together and allows us to give only the information that changes for each command, check it out:
static void GetInput(string inputReque... | {
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"id": 28793,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, console, minesweeper",
"url": null
} |
c#, performance, linq, entity-framework, asp.net-mvc-4
orderTotal += orderTotalRep;
dtg.DailyTotal = orderTotal;
lstDailyTeamGoal.Add(dtg);
}
}
return lstDailyTeamGoal;
}
The above code will use my site to find the teamID the logged in person is on. It will then find all mem... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, performance, linq, entity-framework, asp.net-mvc-4",
"url": null
} |
computational-chemistry
Title: Quick-and-Dirty Molecular Dynamics by Mass-Weighted Atom Translations? I'm thinking about a quick-and-dirty approach to molecular dynamics, mostly for teaching purposes.
At a given temperature, statistical mechanics tells us molecules have translational and rotational and vibrational ene... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 2513,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "computational-chemistry",
"url": null
} |
dh-parameters
Title: Confusion between wrist, tool and end effector I have a confusion between the wrist frame, the tool frame and the end effector as used in the unmodified DH conventions. Can you differentiate with diagrams? Tool frame is the same as the end-effector.
The wrist frame is located at the point where th... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 1225,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "dh-parameters",
"url": null
} |
particle-physics, cosmology, energy-conservation, duality, steady-state
then I THINK that this "approximate" Zero Energy Hypothesis supports a zero energy interaction process. I think this, because the only consequences noted from the special features of the early universe, were reason why energy conservation was il... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 60297,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "particle-physics, cosmology, energy-conservation, duality, steady-state",
"url":... |
ros, urdf, moveit, moveit-setup-assistant
[ WARN] [1623125556.558025744]: Link right_link_t has visual geometry but no collision geometry. Collision geometry will be left empty. Fix your URDF file by explicitly specifying collision geometry.
[rospack] Error: package 'motoman_bmda3_support' not found
[librospack]: erro... | {
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"id": 36502,
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"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, urdf, moveit, moveit-setup-assistant",
"url": null
} |
ruby, ruby-on-rails
Title: Weekly job to create or update the lessons in all locations I'm working in a project with the following structure.
A location can have many timetables with many lessons.
I need to perform a job in all locations every sunday to create or update the lessons.
def perform(*args)
locations = ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ruby, ruby-on-rails",
"url": null
} |
amateur-observing, milky-way, data-analysis
Title: How does the Sky in Google Earth Pro work? For those who don't know, Google Earth Pro has a feature where you can see what the sky should look like based on the time and geographical location.
I know Google Sky says that Google Earth uses their information, is there ... | {
"domain": "astronomy.stackexchange",
"id": 4345,
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"lm_q1_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "amateur-observing, milky-way, data-analysis",
"url": null
} |
From the residue theorem we have
\begin{align} \oint_C f(z)\,dz&=2\pi i \left(\text{Res}\left(f(z), z=\frac12+i\frac{\sqrt3}2\right)+\text{Res}\left(f(z), z=\frac12-i\frac{\sqrt3}2\right)\right)\\\\ &=2\pi i \left(\frac{e^{i2\pi/9}e^{i\pi/9}}{i2\sqrt 3}+\frac{e^{i10\pi/9}e^{-i\pi/9}}{-i2\sqrt 3}\right)\\\\ &=\frac{2\p... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9805806523850543,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8192589978950674,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835432479661,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 360.0490490140246,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9987282752990723,
"tag... |
mathematical-physics, differential-geometry, supersymmetry, topology, superalgebra
E. Witten, Supersymmetry and Morse theory, J. Diff, Geom. 17, (1982) 661; Chapter 2. | {
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"tags": "mathematical-physics, differential-geometry, supersymmetry, topology, superalgebra... |
c#, tree
Title: Trees and their uses I was getting sicker and sicker of using an ordinary collection to do a tree's work, so I built a tree. A requirement of the tree are that it needs to contain a key to sort the tree by, so I used a Dictionary<int, T> to store the items. Here is the Tree<T>:
public class Tree<T>
{... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, tree",
"url": null
} |
python, pandas, dataframe, topic-model, lda
Title: Topic Modelling in an existing dataframe in python I am trying to perform topic extraction in a panda dataframe. I am using LDA topic modeling in order to extract the topics in my dataframe. No problem.
But, I would like to apply LDA topic modeling to each row in my... | {
"domain": "datascience.stackexchange",
"id": 10714,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, pandas, dataframe, topic-model, lda",
"url": null
} |
x=day y=othvar / group=group_id markerattrs=(symbol=circlefilled size=7) transparency=0. To describe some results based upon these principles, the notion of equivalence of sets will be defined. Identify the symbology you want to use to display your categories. (Segoe UI Symbol will still be available as a "legacy" reso... | {
"domain": "b2bimpactdata.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9621075766298657,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8505408821881333,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8840392725805822,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1008.1600993666372,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6763939261436462,
... |
• Hint: the underlying mechanism of the solution to the least-squares problem you’re familiar with is orthogonal projection onto a vector space. – amd Jan 7 '18 at 4:47
Your proof for part (a) is correct. For part (b) let $$u=(\alpha , \alpha ,\beta ,\beta)$$ You need to minimize $$(\alpha -1)^2+( \alpha -2)^2 + (\bet... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.986777179025415,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8555710960862588,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8670357546485407,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 139.23827355764874,
"openwebmath_score": 0.98429936170578,
"tags"... |
the minimum number of edges between the two vertices. Generic Directed, Weighted Graph with Dijkstra's Shortest Path - DiGraph. shortest_paths calculates a single shortest path (i. To implement the shortest path I used a modified BFS that would increment a variable called distance that indicates how far the node at the... | {
"domain": "italogiudicianni.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9822877044076956,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8227837969212638,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8376199694135332,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 635.1672219038162,
"openwebmath_score": 0.4048304259777069,
"t... |
ros, python, serial, publisher
Title: Trying to write a service to publish data from serial
Hi,
I've copied the code from the tutorial "publisher and subscriber", and tried to modify it to read serial data from an an arduino and publish it.
Here is the code for my publisher:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import roslib; rosli... | {
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"id": 13266,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, python, serial, publisher",
"url": null
} |
cc.complexity-theory, complexity-classes, boolean-functions
Title: KRW Conjecture: separation of NC^1 and P More than a real question this is a recap of something I have been studying. I hope someone will help me getting things straight, so any correction or thought about the following reasoning is more than welcome. ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "cc.complexity-theory, complexity-classes, boolean-functions",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, operators, path-integral, eigenvalue, functional-determinants
To answer your point B, I can only say generally you want to first identify what sort of spectrum you are dealing with, whether it has a discrete or a continuous part or both. And then you can attempt to sum/multiply them in some smart... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-field-theory, operators, path-integral, eigenvalue, functional-determinant... |
c++, tree, c++14, set
x = path.front();
path.pop();
p = path.front();
path.pop();
}
else
{
if (x == childB(p))
{
std::swap(x, p);
generic_rotate(path.front(), x, childA, childB);
}
auto gp = path.front();
path.pop();
... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, tree, c++14, set",
"url": null
} |
include, ubuntu, tinyxml, ros-fuerte, ubuntu-precise
Just a simple example how i was planning to use it, but i receive following errors (by error i'm referring to these undefined reference outputs from rosmake):
Linking CXX executable ../bin/project_control
CMakeFiles/project_control.dir/src/control_node.o: In fu... | {
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"tags": "include, ubuntu, tinyxml, ros-fuerte, ubuntu-precise",
"url": null
} |
We have: . $\tan\theta \:=\:\frac{h}{20} \quad\Rightarrow\quad h \:=\:20\tan\theta$
Differentiate with respect to time: . $\frac{dh}{dt} \:=\:20\!\cdot\!\sec^2\!\theta\!\cdot\!\frac{d\the ta}{dt}$ .[1]
We are given: . $\frac{d\theta}{dt} \:=\:3\text{ deg/sec} \:=\:\frac{\pi}{60}\text{ radians/sec}$
We are told that ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9073514342308044,
"tag... |
If a function $f(x)$ is Riemann integrable on $[a,b]$, is $f(x)$ bounded on $[a,b]$?
Most statements regarding Riemann integrals (at least the ones that I have encountered) begin with the statement "for $f(x)$ bounded on $[a,b]$." I am wondering if Riemann integrability implies boundedness. I think that this has to be... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388019824946,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 214.9525315975728,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9577050805091858,
"tag... |
• If the 6.0% yield is continuously compounded, our 20-year bond's modified duration is 20.0 years.
• Effective duration is an approximation of modified duration. Recall the modified duration is a linear approximation, but that's because it is a function of the first derivative; otherwise, modified duration is an exact... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9840936101542134,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8567492138144629,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8705972734445508,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2123.34152772634,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6814907193183899,
"tags"... |
machine-learning, probability-theory
3) Output of a random variable is a real number. But in general parameter can be a vector of real number. How to understand it?
In this case the random variable ranges over pairs (drawing, digit).
There is a slightly different way of looking at the creation of a dataset. We are g... | {
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"tags": "machine-learning, probability-theory",
"url": null
} |
z-transform, stability
With the ROC of the z-transform, if somebody says H(z) exists on some region, usually only the inner part of the ROC is meant, not boundary points. On every point $z$ that is in the ROC and not on the boundary, $H(z) = \sum_{n = -\infty}^{\infty}h[n]z^{-n}$ converges absolutely (and uniformly):
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "z-transform, stability",
"url": null
} |
beginner, validation, elixir
Title: Phone validation ecto model defmodule Baby.Post do
use Baby.Web, :model
schema "posts" do
field :cover, :string
field :email, :string
field :firstname, :string
field :lastname, :string
field :birthday_day, :integer
field :birthday_month, :integer
fie... | {
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"tags": "beginner, validation, elixir",
"url": null
} |
position in the matrix which results. To add two matrices, just add the corresponding entries, and place this sum in the corresponding position in the matrix which results. Matrix subtraction: The matrix subtraction can be done when the same dimensions of matrices. Definition of Matrix. Matrix subtraction. In mathemati... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9748211597623863,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.826616921153643,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8479677660619634,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 461.9172983238122,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6639057397842407,
"tag... |
system-identification, measurement
Ninth: deconvolute. Your transfer function can simply be calculated as $$H(\omega) = \frac{\Im \left \{ m(t) \right \}}{\Im \left \{ y(t) \right \}}$$
where $\Im \{ \}$ denotes the Fourier transform. This is direct spectral division without any zero padding or windowing. Since we are... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "system-identification, measurement",
"url": null
} |
tensor-calculus, continuum-mechanics, stress-strain
Title: What do the different elements in strain tensors tell us? I'm working with strain tensors of all sorts at the moment, and I think I've understood how they're derived. However, I'd like to get more intuition of what they're actually telling us.
More specificall... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "tensor-calculus, continuum-mechanics, stress-strain",
"url": null
} |
classification, predictive-modeling, regression, svm, logistic-regression
Title: Logistic Regression or regression SVM for probability of outcome I am working on a prediction question: what's the percentage of Y = 1 using a number of features?
The output Y values I have for training are in binary. In this case, sho... | {
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"id": 3628,
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"tags": "classification, predictive-modeling, regression, svm, logistic-regression",
"... |
K, real eta) Generate a random Cholesky factor of a correlation matrix of order K that is distributed LKJ with shape eta; may only be used in transformed data and generated quantities blocks. MPI matrix output by. Vectorized Parallel Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication in PETSc Using AVX-512 Conference’17, July 2017, W... | {
"domain": "puntoopera.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9838471651778591,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8133580487147855,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117876664789,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1441.1504902018999,
"openwebmath_score": 0.701557457447052,
"tag... |
Integrate by parts:
$u=x$
$du=dx$
$dv=e^{-x}$
$v=-e^{-x}$
$=\left[-x^2e^{-x}+C\right]_0^1+2\left([-xe^{-x}+C]_0^1 + \int_0^1 e^{-x}dx\right) + \int_0^1 e^{-x}dx$
$=\left[-x^2e^{-x}+C\right]_0^1+[-2xe^{-x}+C]_0^1 + 3\int_0^1 e^{-x}dx$
$=\left[-x^2e^{-x}-2xe^{-x}+C\right]_0^1 + 3\int_0^1 e^{-x}dx$
$=\left[-x^2e^{-x}-... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9822877010373297,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8120688360058097,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8267118026095991,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 632.9082545737424,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9427734017372131,
"tag... |
python, python-3.x, primes, sieve-of-eratosthenes
Title: Get nth prime number using sieve of Eratosthenes I am tasked with being able to find the \$n\$th prime number. I've tried to implement something like the sieve of Eratosthenes in increments of 200. The code works and returns the \$n\$th prime number. However, wh... | {
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"tags": "python, python-3.x, primes, sieve-of-eratosthenes",
"url": null
} |
## Poisson Problems with mixed boundary condition#
Here we consider the Poisson equation with mixed boundary conditions: For given functions $f$ and $g$, find $u$ such that
\begin{eqnarray} -\Delta u &=& f & \textrm{ in }\Omega\\ u &=& g &\textrm{ on }\Gamma_D\\ \p u/\p n &=& 0 &\textrm{ on }\Gamma_N \end{eqnarray}
... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9884918526308095,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8081657130300763,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744806385542,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2378.9853501231787,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5559412837028503,
"tags": n... |
ros, c++, message-filters, timesynchronizer, approximatetime
Originally posted by raminzohouri on ROS Answers with karma: 26 on 2012-12-06
Post score: 0
Hi Christian
Thank you for you answer. It was a good hint , but in order to get ride of that error I have to do initialize the second constructor like this :
FOVISOD... | {
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"tags": "ros, c++, message-filters, timesynchronizer, approximatetime",
"url": null
} |
-
Since you mentioned that you were having a hard time visualising this and I always seem to find myself visualising it whenever I have the need to write it down here is what goes through my mind as the pen is moving across the paper:
We are placing $r$ identical balls in $n$ boxes (at most one in each) that are in a... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8128673155708975,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 150.3415486913656,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9604374170303345,
"tags... |
# Finding eigenvalues of a matrix given its characteristic polynomial and the trace and determinant
I am told a matrix A has characteristic polynomial: $$(\lambda−1)^3(a\lambda+\lambda^2+b),$$ and that $$\text {tr}(A)=12,$$ and $$\det(A) =14.$$
I am asked to find the eigenvalues.
Is the only to do this by simply usi... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9793540674530016,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8096435539531663,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117898012105,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 107.65285233541456,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9174137711524963,
"ta... |
c++, design-patterns
Positioner()
:
mHorizontalAlignemnt(HorizontalAlign::CENTER),
mVerticalAlignemnt(VerticalAlign::CENTER),
mContainerSize(cocos2d::CCSize(0.0,0.0)),
mContainerOrigo(ccp(0.0, 0.0))
{
mMargins.resize(Position::NR_POSITIONS);
}
virtual
~Positioner()
{
... | {
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"id": 1921,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, design-patterns",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, black-holes, photons, spacetime, orbital-motion
Title: Can light of certain wavelengths stably orbit a black hole at the photon sphere? I've recently learned that for a black hole, its photon sphere is an unstable orbit. Light either manages to escape from or fall into the event horizon, depending o... | {
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"id": 62208,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, black-holes, photons, spacetime, orbital-motion",
"url": null... |
# What's the difference between MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE and PAIRWISE DISJOINT?
When I study Statistical Theory, I find that these two concepts confuse me a lot.
By definition, if we say two events are PAIRWISE DISJOINT, that means the intersection of these two event is empty set. If we say that two events are MUTUALLY EXC... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9850429142850274,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8592995985873801,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8723473730188542,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 90.8117507772065,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8451390266418457,
"tags... |
cc.complexity-theory, quantum-computing, ce.computational-finance
Title: Witness verifiable quantum advantage Update: A slightly different version of this question has been answered here.
As far as I can see, a major issue with Google's recent quantum supremacy claim is that it is hard to verify the results.
If the qu... | {
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"tags": "cc.complexity-theory, quantum-computing, ce.computational-finance",
"url": null
... |
ros
// define the service messages
kinematics_msgs::GetKinematicSolverInfo::Request request;
kinematics_msgs::GetKinematicSolverInfo::Response response;
if(query_client.call(request,response))
{
ROS_INFO("number of joints on service %i",
response.kinematic_solver_info.joint_names.size());
ROS_I... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 17778,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros",
"url": null
} |
electric-circuits, electric-current, capacitance, voltage, displacement-current
Yes.
There will be a potential difference across the resistor in parallel to capacitor and that potential difference will be resposnsible for charging it
The potential across the capacitor can't change instantaneously.
Therefore in the t... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electric-circuits, electric-current, capacitance, voltage, displacement-current",
... |
filters, infinite-impulse-response, finite-impulse-response
$$ N \ge \frac{(A-7.95)F_\text{s}}{14.357 \cdot \Delta f} $$
where $A$ is the amount of attenuation in dB of the brickwall, $\Delta f$ is the frequency width of the transition between the nominally un-attenuated and attenuated portions of the frequency respon... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "filters, infinite-impulse-response, finite-impulse-response",
"url": null
} |
ros, ros2, rclpy
Title: [ROS2] Wait for action using rclpy
Hi, I have node written in Python which is a service server. Service's callback is sending goal to action server (action that commands industrial robot to move). After successful move (robot on desired gola) the service should response with some information a... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, ros2, rclpy",
"url": null
} |
objective-c, ios
Title: Optimizing iOS method in objective-c I have such method and have a hard time optimizing it to run better. It takes roughly 1 sec with 100 units to get between NSLog(@"Debug2") and NSLog(@"Debug3"). And 2 sec on iPhone.
Method idea:
Input:
NSMutableArray times - containing times (2012-12-12, ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "objective-c, ios",
"url": null
} |
cosmology, standard-model, symmetry-breaking
Title: Symmetry breaking in cosmology In A. Vilenkin and E. P. S. Shellard's "Cosmic strings and other topological defects", section 1.1.2, they say the following.
"The basic premise of grand unification is that the known symmetries of the elementary particles resulted from... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "cosmology, standard-model, symmetry-breaking",
"url": null
} |
mobile-robot, localization, mapping, planning
for i = 1:nRows
for j = 1:nCols
currentPos = sub2ind(mapSize,i,j);
% left neighbor, if it exists
if (j-1)> 0
destPos = sub2ind (mapSize,i,j-1);
Digraph(currentPos,destPos) = Map(currentPos)*Map(destPos);
end
% right neighbor, if it exists
... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 731,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "mobile-robot, localization, mapping, planning",
"url": null
} |
This is solved here using Pólya enumeration theory. For the square case ($n=m$), see this sequence.
Comment: I found these by searching for $1,2,7$ in the OEIS.
• The first is broken now but I would love to know the answer. Is there an alternative source? – Raphael Feb 21 '14 at 20:38
• @Raphael Updated the link. – Y... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8464038292972131,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8596637577007394,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 650.2529878170147,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6676205992698669,
"tag... |
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