text stringlengths 49 10.4k | source dict |
|---|---|
lagrangian-formalism, renormalization, non-locality
The point you should see is that [2] is exactly equal to [1]; there's only been a redefinition of quantities. So then when we define counter terms
$$\delta_\phi\equiv Z_\phi-1$$ $$\delta_m\equiv m_r^2Z_m-1$$ $$\delta_\lambda\equiv\lambda_r Z_\lambda-1,$$ then our re... | {
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"tags": "lagrangian-formalism, renormalization, non-locality",
"url": null
} |
photochemistry
Title: Is there a light cured resin (UV or another) that I could make in my house with easy to find chemicals? Is there a light cured resin that I could make in my house with easy to find chemicals? It does not matter if the finished product have practical or commercial applications as long that is not ... | {
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"tags": "photochemistry",
"url": null
} |
php, algorithm, graph
Title: Dijkstra's algorithm in PHP This is Dijkstra's algorithm in PHP. Regarding the data structure, I use a 2-dimensional array $_distArr[m][n]=length to store it. Are there any improvements for this?
$a and $b are the start and the end node, respectively.
<?php
/**
* Dijkstra's algorithm in ... | {
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"tags": "php, algorithm, graph",
"url": null
} |
java, recursion, tree, iteration
Title: Adding a node to a Binary Search Tree and printing the path to it I wrote BST insertion code with the book. The book uses recursion, but I just want to know how I can do it without recursion.
My code is working, but I don't know if it is correct.
public class BSearchTree {
B... | {
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"tags": "java, recursion, tree, iteration",
"url": null
} |
swift, swift3, macos
senderDevice = Unmanaged<IOHIDDevice>.fromOpaque(sender!).takeUnretainedValue(),
vendorId = String(describing: IOHIDDeviceGetProperty(senderDevice,
kIOHIDVendorIDKey as CFString)),
productId = String(describing: IO... | {
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"tags": "swift, swift3, macos",
"url": null
} |
fourier-transform, digital-communications, noise, snr
Title: How is signal to noise ratio actually measured by receiver equipment? This sounds like quite a basic question but it surprised me, how is SNR actually measured?
You have the incoming signal: | {
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"tags": "fourier-transform, digital-communications, noise, snr",
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(np.log(2) + 2)/(4*np.log(2))
0.9713475204444818
Use the error formula:
$$\frac{(b-a)^3}{12 N^2} K_2 \leq 0.01 \Rightarrow \frac{8^3}{12 N^2} 0.9713475204444818 \leq 0.01 \Rightarrow \sqrt{ \frac{8^3}{12(0.01)} 0.9713475204444818} \leq N$$
np.sqrt(8**3 * 0.9713475204444818 / 0.12)
64.377139476912063
Compute the... | {
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... |
## Problem 710 | Two simple beams at 90 degree to each other
Problem 710
Two timber beams are mounted at right angles and in contact with each other at their midpoints. The upper beam A is 2 in wide by 4 in deep and simply supported on an 8-ft span; the lower beam B is 3 in wide by 8 in deep and simply supported on a ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8479677622198946,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.43161383271217346,
"tags"... |
javascript, strings, interview-questions, binary-search
function getChildren(input){
var val = "";
if(input.length == 0){
return {
left: "",
right: ""
}
}
if(input[0] !== "("){
console.error("no open paren at start");
}
val += input[0];
input = input.substr(1);
var parenStack = ... | {
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"tags": "javascript, strings, interview-questions, binary-search",
"url": null
} |
astronomy, astrophysics, water, solar-system
Title: At what temperature does water become a liquid on Mars? On the asteroids? And in a vacuum? I know that I can just read off the phase diagram for water (for the surface atmospheric pressure on each object). But could there possibly be some nuances that someone might m... | {
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"tags": "astronomy, astrophysics, water, solar-system",
"url": null
} |
metric-tensor, conventions
Note also that the order of the indices matters, so that you can get different tensors by contracting in different ways; thus $$T^{\mu \nu \rho}_{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \sigma \nu}\neq T^{\mu \rho \nu }_{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \sigma \nu} \tag{1.71}$$
I can understand this order really matters from t... | {
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} |
# Expected Number of Coin Tosses to Get Five Consecutive Heads
A fair coin is tossed repeatedly until 5 consecutive heads occurs.
What is the expected number of coin tosses?
-
Yet another copy and paste from Brilliant.org: brilliant.org/i/5rCgJ3 – Erick Wong Apr 17 '13 at 5:49
@ErickWong: Is this a recent problem on... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.837619961306541,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 617.4825748262771,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9547397494316101,
"... |
homework-and-exercises, dirac-equation, klein-gordon-equation, dirac-matrices, clifford-algebra
Title: Dirac Equation and the Klein-Gordon Equation I am trying to solve an exercise in Halzen and Martin's Quarks and Leptons book and got stuck on doing some math. The Dirac equation reads $$i \gamma^{\mu} \partial_{\mu} ... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, dirac-equation, klein-gordon-equation, dirac-matrices, cli... |
ros, rosjava-core, gradle
Title: Do I need to add jar path in build.gradle?
Hi,
I want to use some java classes from a jar file. If I import them I get error. I also export the CLASSPATH of the jar's path but does not help. Do I need to add the jar file path somewhere like in build.gradle or do I need to put this jar... | {
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"tags": "ros, rosjava-core, gradle",
"url": null
} |
machine-learning, python, scikit-learn, linear-regression, data-science-model
Title: How to use a a trained model I just trained my first model in Python 3.7/scikitlearn (Linear Regression) (well I copied most of the code but its something ^^).
Now I want to actually Use the model. Specifically its about sons heights ... | {
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"tags": "machine-learning, python, scikit-learn, linear-regression, data-science-model",... |
geometry, topology, elasticity, continuum-mechanics
Title: Twisting a string I may have some confusion about the twist and torsion of an elastic filament. The issue centers around this set-up.
I hold a cable in my hands, so that it forms a straight line. Keeping the endpoints clamped in my fingers, I move them closer ... | {
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"tags": "geometry, topology, elasticity, continuum-mechanics",
"url": null
} |
Heaviside function u(t −a) (right) It is a simple exercise to check, using the definition, that L {u(t −a)} = e−as. To be correct, we should write L[uc](s) = Z 1 c e¡stdt = ¡ lim M!1 e¡st s jM c = ¡ e¡cs s: 3. Laplace had been dead for 23 years when Oliver Heaviside was born. Delta Function and Heaviside Function A. one... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9817357227168957,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.809403727261041,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8244619285331332,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 838.3805772550382,
"openwebmath_score": 0.799679517745971... |
fluid-dynamics, pressure, fluid-statics
Title: Some Holes formed when water is put on flat plate
Why such holes are formed when we put water on a plate
What is the relation can be derived between h(height of standing water) and r(radius of hole).(if P₀ is atmospheric pressure,σ is surface tension between water and co... | {
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"tags": "fluid-dynamics, pressure, fluid-statics",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, electrostatics, potential-energy
Title: What is the physical reason a $+5V$ equipotential coutour cannot intersect a $-5V$ equipotential coutour? Now I've been told that equipotential contours with different values can never intersect. That is, if one level is 5V and one is -5V, they can't intersect.... | {
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"id": 2155,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electromagnetism, electrostatics, potential-energy",
"url": null
} |
gazebo, gazebo-simulator
Title: gazebo usage of textures / pictures
I am trying to build a model of robot arm in simulation with checkerboards on it for image recognition. For this I use the simple arm model. Is there somewhere a good description of all the possibilities of urdf / gazebo models? Because I found from... | {
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"tags": "gazebo, gazebo-simulator",
"url": null
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## Logic Exercise 4
Click the link for Logic Exercise 4.
## Predicate Logic
So far, we have considered only Propositional Logic, with statements like:
p is "All people with red hair have fiery tempers"
q is "Joe has red hair"
Given p and q as above and r is "Joe has a fiery temper", we can write:
p ${\displaystyl... | {
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"tags": n... |
python, python-3.x, network-file-transfer
I think formatting the datetime would make the code much easier to understand.
f"_{start_time:%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S}"
str(backup_directories[backup_directory]) + "\\" + subfolder
I think the best part of pathlib is being able to use / to join path segments.
You should use / for ... | {
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"tags": "python, python-3.x, network-file-transfer",
"url": null
} |
ros, navigation, rviz, base-link
Title: RViz - RobotModel -> base_link -> 'show trail' history
I'm trying to display the trail of my robot in RViz. I know that it's possible by publishing a visualization_msgs/Marker something like in this tutorial: Markers: Points and Lines (C++). However, at first I'd like to know i... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 20340,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
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"tags": "ros, navigation, rviz, base-link",
"url": null
} |
plasma-physics, chemical-compounds
Title: Does plasma has any chemical formula? As far as I understand, plasma is another stage of matter like solid, liquid or gas. All of these have chemical formulas, however does plasma has chemical formula as well? If it doesn't, what's made of then?
At answers someone said:
Plasm... | {
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"tags": "plasma-physics, chemical-compounds",
"url": null
} |
javascript, stackexchange, userscript
App.globals.pipeMods.replace = function(data){
data[0].body = App.funcs.replaceCode(data[0].body, "block");
data[0].body = App.funcs.replaceCode(data[0].body, "inline");
return data;
};
App.globals.pipeMods.edit = function (data) {
// Visu... | {
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"tags": "javascript, stackexchange, userscript",
"url": null
} |
ros, pcl, ros-fuerte
Title: PCL SACSegmentation - setAxis and setModelType has no effect in Output
I want to estimate the ground plane present in the pointcloud and remove it. I used the plane model segmentation tutorial for that.
Instead of removing the ground plane it removes the vertical planes(wall) in the pointc... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, pcl, ros-fuerte",
"url": null
} |
c#, game
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance is active.
/// </summary>
/// <value>
/// <c>true</c> if this instance is active; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
/// </value>
public bool IsActive
{
get;
set;
}
}
AddModifier
Simple utility cla... | {
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"tags": "c#, game",
"url": null
} |
the. A number in rectangular form, Ex 2 in performing mathematical operations when the numbers are in the form complex. ; 5 Cartesian coordinates to polar free Mathway calculator and problem solver … complex number by Jedothek Solved. One and two only this time select r > Pө pure imaginary number of the expression and ... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.947381048137938,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.805246577880872,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8499711699569787,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1188.9888814618516,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8129895925521851,
"tags": null,... |
newtonian-mechanics, forces, rotational-dynamics, torque
$$ \vec C + \vec T = m \vec a = -m ~\frac L2 ~\omega^2~ \hat r + m~\frac L2 ~\frac{\tau}I~\hat \theta,$$ because we know the only way that this thing can accelerate, as per the above. Since $\vec T = T_r ~\hat r + T_\theta~ \hat \theta$ we can combine these $\ha... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, forces, rotational-dynamics, torque",
"url": null
} |
[There should be a description of the connection between simple combinations and combinations with repetition]
$${n \choose k} = \frac{n \cdot (n - 1) \cdot \ldots \cdot (n - k + 1)}{k \cdot (k - 1) \cdot \ldots \cdot 1} = \frac{n^{\underline{k}}}{k!}$$ $$\left(\!\middle(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{k}\middle)\!\right) = \f... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8652240860523328,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9998318552970886,
"tag... |
$$\begin{pmatrix} c&c\\c&c \end{pmatrix}=c\cdot\mathbf 1$$
Applying this to the vector $(A_0,B_0)^\top$ describing your initial rectangle will give you
$$c\begin{pmatrix} A_0+B_0\\A_0+B_0 \end{pmatrix}.$$
And this is indeed a square as both side lengths are equal (in the limit of course).
As I said, this is neither... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9661910533905029,
"ta... |
php, object-oriented, css, error-handling
function dragMouseDown(e) {
e = e || window.event;
e.preventDefault();
// get the mouse cursor position at startup:
pos3 = e.clientX;
pos4 = e.clientY;
document.onmouseup = closeDragElement;
// call a function whenever the cursor moves... | {
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} |
which contradicts with $d(u,v)>\epsilon$.
Case 2: $u\in B_i$ and $u\in B_j$
Therefore we arrive at:
$$\exists p\in A_i,q\in A_j,d(u,p)<\epsilon_1,d(u,q)<\epsilon_1\to d(p,q)\le d(p,u)+d(q,u)<2\epsilon_1<\epsilon$$
which is also at the same contradiction with $d(u,v)>\epsilon$. Then $U_i$'s are disjoint and open. | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9849539399147034,
"ta... |
c++, optimization, xml
/**
* If true, we print the productions.
*/
bool printProductions;
};
bool isNumber(string s){
if(atoi(s.c_str()) > 0)
return true;
else
return false;
}
string toString(unsigned int number){
stringstream ss;//create a stringstream
ss << number;//a... | {
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gravity, black-holes, mass, orbital-motion
Title: Is it possible to have a black hole in empty space? If the escape velocity of two very massive objects is near the speed of light, and those objects are orbiting each other (let's ignore the Roche limit for this exercise), is it possible that the combined mass of these... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "gravity, black-holes, mass, orbital-motion",
"url": null
} |
dynamics
&\big( \, X_A + l\cos(\theta + \varphi_0) - c \,\big)
\left(\,l\sin(\theta + \varphi_0) \frac{d\theta}{dt} - \frac{dX_A}{dt}\,\right) \, = \,\big(\,b + s\,X_A + l\sin(\theta + \varphi_0)\,\big)
\left(\,s\,\frac{dX_A}{dt} + l\cos(\theta + \varphi_0) \frac{d\theta}{dt}\,\right)
\end{align}
Given $X_A = X_A(t)... | {
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"tags": "dynamics",
"url": null
} |
ros, opencv3
CV_WRAP virtual bool open(const String& filename);
^
/home/tomas/ws/src/ecto_opencv/cells/cv_bp/opencv/highgui_defines.cpp: In function ‘void opencv_wrappers::wrap_highgui_defines()’:
/home/tomas/ws/src/ecto_opencv/cells/cv_bp/opencv/highgui_defines.cpp:124:54: error: ‘CV_CAP_PRO... | {
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"tags": "ros, opencv3",
"url": null
} |
• "Is your concern that one is represented with a positive number and the other negative?" — Yes, I haven't even considered negative numbers. I'm still not exactly sure how −11 ≡ 1 mod 3. For me logically it looks like quotient of -11/3 is -3, so remainder is either 2 or -2, but how is it 1? – Danetta Jun 18 at 8:56
• ... | {
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homework-and-exercises, quantum-field-theory, statistical-mechanics, path-integral, perturbation-theory
$$
Notice the constraint $n_i > 0$: it comes from the fact that we divided by $Z$. This makes the product in the last equality range up to $n$. Thus
$$
\frac{Z[J]}{Z}= \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{n!}\prod_{i=1}^n \su... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, quantum-field-theory, statistical-mechanics, path-integral... |
quantum-gate
Title: Do global phases matter when a gate is converted into a controlled gate? Let's say that we have a unitary matrix M such that:
$$
M = e^{i\pi/8}\begin{pmatrix}
1 & 0 \\
0 & e^{i\pi/12} \\
\end{pmatrix}
$$
If we were to apply this unitary matrix to the state $|1\rangle$, we would get:
$$
M|1\rangle\ ... | {
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"tags": "quantum-gate",
"url": null
} |
radar, baseband
Title: Baseband representation of a LFM chirp signal I need to generate a chirp signal between $f_{start} = -f_{limit}$ and $f_{stop} = f_{limit}$, to compare it to a FrFT generated signal.
The FrFT signal of order $\alpha = 0$ is PAM modulated data signal, so is in baseband. Therefore, the FrFT of tha... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "radar, baseband",
"url": null
} |
c++, tree
return newnode;
}
else {
size_t l_len = len/2 ; // left length
size_t r_len = len - l_len; // right length
auto middle = start + len/2; // middle iterator
int max = 0;
int dim = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < newnode->dim_max.size(); i++){ ... | {
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"tags": "c++, tree",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, electrostatics, electric-fields
$$\vec{C}=\frac{1}{Q}\int _V\rho(\vec{x})\vec{x}dV$$
Even better: if the charge distribution is simmetrically distributed in some nice way we can easily guess the position of $\vec{C}$ most of the times, this way we don't have to perform the integral!
Keep in mind: in ... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetism, electrostatics, electric-fields",
"url": null
} |
immunology, immunoglobin
Title: Does class switching occur both in B cells and Plasma cells? I understand that the cell class switches to change the type of immunoglobulin it is producing. The B-cell produces the membrane bound B-cell receptor (BCR) while the plasma cell produces the the secreted form of Ig, the antib... | {
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"tags": "immunology, immunoglobin",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, renormalization, greens-functions, correlation-functions
Does this scaling come from the non-trivial scaling of $m$ and $\lambda$? Let us first remark that the RG equation that you quoted,
\begin{align}
\left[-p \frac{\partial}{\partial p}+\beta(\lambda) \frac{\partial}{\partial \lambda}+\left(\g... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, renormalization, greens-functions, correlation-functions",
... |
z-transform
Y(z) &=\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{3}z^{-1}}\\ \\
X(z) &= Y(z)/H(z) = \frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{3}z^{-1}} \frac{(1 - \frac{2}{3}z^{-1})(1-\frac{1}{5}z^{-1})}{3(1-\frac{23}{45}z^{-1})}\\ \\
X(z) &= \frac{\frac{1}{3}(1 - \frac{2}{3}z^{-1})(1-\frac{1}{5}z^{-1})}{(1-\frac{1}{3}z^{-1})(1-\frac{23}{45}z^{-1})} ~~~~~~\scriptst... | {
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"tags": "z-transform",
"url": null
} |
immunology, cancer
Does the immune system see tumor as foreign or self?
The tumor microenvironment and its role in promoting tumor growth
Tumor Evasion from T Cell Surveillance
If there are access problems, let me know. | {
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"tags": "immunology, cancer",
"url": null
} |
1 in the denominator refuse to follow a,... Any distance measurement, text have to be tokenzied this series is of... & Euclidean distance procedure computes similarity between all pairs of items in a virtual space lists computed a... Too big because the difference between value is 1 ( if the distance of a vector space ... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9664104972521579,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8135491346899265,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8418256393148982,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 857.0032982544594,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5698342323303223,
... |
php, mysql, pdo
if($column!="*"){
$column = $this->buildColumn($column);
}
if(isset($where)){
$condition = $this->BuildWhere($where);
$query = "SELECT {$column} FROM {$table} {$condition}";
}
else {
$query ... | {
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"id": 743,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, mysql, pdo",
"url": null
} |
scala
Title: Connect Four In Idiomatic Scala Learning Scala
I'm trying to learn Scala and I'm interested in criticism about how to make my code more idiomatic. I've programmed a simple Connect-four game. Can I get some feedback?
https://github.com/jamiely/connect-four-scala
The two most important classes are Board.sca... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "scala",
"url": null
} |
java, optimization, design-patterns, tic-tac-toe, ai
if(((buttons[1].getText().equals("X") && buttons[2].getText().equals("X"))
|| (buttons[3].getText().equals("X") && buttons[6].getText().equals("X"))
|| (buttons[4].getText().equals("X") && buttons[8].getText().equals("X")))
&& buttons[0].get... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, optimization, design-patterns, tic-tac-toe, ai",
"url": null
} |
javascript, html, css, animation, dom
let click = 0;
function mainClickMaze(event) {
titleContainer.innerHTML = ++click;
console.log('click:', click)
if (click == 1) {
progressContainer.style.display = 'flex';
} else if (click == 2) {
moveAvatarForward();
} else if (click == 3) {
locationOfAvata... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
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"tags": "javascript, html, css, animation, dom",
"url": null
} |
javascript, html5, canvas, plugin
Title: An extended JavaScript plugin for rendering radial pie charts (This post is the continuation of A JavaScript plugin for rendering radial pie charts.)
(See the continuation of this post.)
Now, you can mark up the radial pie charts via XML:
index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
... | {
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"tags": "javascript, html5, canvas, plugin",
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ds.algorithms, graph-algorithms
Title: Algorithm for finding the largest subgraph without a directed triangle I would like to find the largest set of vertices in a directed graph. This set should not contain a cycle with exactly three vertices. Cycles with less vertices aren't possible with the given graphs; larger cy... | {
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"tags": "ds.algorithms, graph-algorithms",
"url": null
} |
photons, material-science, absorption, optical-materials, glass
There are further complications to all of this as well. Will the light undergo scattering processes that may allow the light to move through a material, while changing directions and potentially even turning back on itself without being absorbed? Once lig... | {
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"tags": "photons, material-science, absorption, optical-materials, glass",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics
Title: Work and energy problem I am trying to solve the problem (see image), my concern is about the 2 factor, can anyone please help me understand this. The factor of two is necessary because when the motor moves the rope a certain distance, the crate only rises half of tha... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics",
"url": null
} |
titration
Title: Regarding the use of dilute sulphuric acid in this titration I did a titration today for the first time.
A solution of Potassium Permanganate of unknown molarity was titrated against a solution of ammonium iron II sulphate of known molarity.
I have to say, seeing the purple solution turn clear was a l... | {
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It is more basic: because every compact subset of an Hausdorff space is closed. Follow your nose: if $K$ is said compact and $X$ is the space, take $p \in X \setminus K$. By Hausdorffness, for each $x \in K$ there are open sets $U_x$ and $V_x$ such that $x \in U_x$, $p \in V_x$ and $U_x \cap V_x = \varnothing$. Then $\... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9811668712109664,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835289107307,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 95.61270422650384,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9414367079734802,
"tag... |
machine-learning, classification
This means that for any instance (no matter the true class) the model randomly predicts the label: class 0 with 68% chance, class 1 with 32% chance. You can also see this problem from the fact the sum of the top-left to bottom right diagonal (correctly classified cases) is 2062, almost... | {
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"tags": "machine-learning, classification",
"url": null
} |
solar-energy, photovoltaics
Title: What's the name of this parameter? $ P_m=P_n*{G\frac1{G_{STC}}}*[1-\gamma*(T_c-25)]$
This equation is applied on sollar cells. $ P_m$ is the mean power produced in 15 minutes, $P_n$ is the nominal power [W], G is the insolation [W/m2], $G_{STC}$ (the subscript still in the wrong pla... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "solar-energy, photovoltaics",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, forces, rocket-science
Title: Does the outflowing water create a thrust on the bucket? Let's consider the the bucket with water, which has a small hole at the bottom. Let the bucket lift up with a constant force $\vec F$. Water in the bucket, of course, flows out of it.
Questions are as follows:
H... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, forces, rocket-science",
"url": null
} |
a real-world pendulum is going to experience some amount of friction (at the pivot point) and air resistance. A pendulum is transported from sea-level, where the acceleration due to gravity g = 9. Suppose we have a mass m attached to a string of length ℓ. Grandfather clocks use a pendulum to keep time and a pendulum ca... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388125473628,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7101962566375732,
"... |
javascript, performance
function getRandomStartDirection() {
// -1, 0, or 1
return Math.floor(Math.random() * 3) - 1;
}
function Person(initXDir, initYDir) {
this.infected = Math.random() < 0.5;
this.xCoord = getRandomCord(0, maxWidth);
this.yCoord = getRandomCord(0, maxHeight);
this.xDir = initXDir;
th... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, performance",
"url": null
} |
terminology, group-theory, representation-theory, electroweak
I calculate the first product as follows:
Using Young tableaux to do the calculation for the first entry in $SU(2)$ gives
\begin{equation}
2 \otimes 2 = 1 \oplus 3
\end{equation}
For the second entry, I simply use addition
\begin{equation}
-\frac{1}{2} - \... | {
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"tags": "terminology, group-theory, representation-theory, electroweak",
"url": null
} |
python, performance, python-2.x, csv
row_ = ''.join(row)
if not add_i(row, (1, 11)) and row_ not in row_dup:
row_dup.add(row_)
This allows for very fast look-ups. And only has a ~27% impact on speed. The way that we make it so that we can use sets, is by making the data hash-able. Strings are hash-able, and with ... | {
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"tags": "python, performance, python-2.x, csv",
"url": null
} |
fourier-transform, phase
\end{align}
$$
In moving from step (4) to (5), make the substitution defined in Eqs (1) and (2), and note that the Jacobian of the transformation is unity. See page 778 of Calculus Adams 6E for an explanation and derivation of this result.
In moving from step (6) to (7) we simply recognise the... | {
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"tags": "fourier-transform, phase",
"url": null
} |
quadcopter, motion-planning, trajectory, drone
As mentioned, we use Newton's equations of motion, but with the third derivative of displacement (constant jerk $j$):
$$
a = a_0 + jt\\
v = v_0 + a_0t + \frac{1}{2}jt^2\\
x = x_0 + v_0t + \frac{1}{2}a_0t^2 + \frac{1}{6}jt^3
$$
If interested, you can find the full derivati... | {
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"tags": "quadcopter, motion-planning, trajectory, drone",
"url": null
} |
context-free, formal-grammars
Title: What's the right way to think about a CFG symbol with an infinite null derivation? I'm curious about the right way to characterize symbol $A$ in a CFG like this one:
$$
\begin{align*}
A &\to A B\\
A &\to x\\
B &\to y\\
B &\to \varepsilon
\end{align*}
$$
$B$ is certainly nullable. H... | {
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"tags": "context-free, formal-grammars",
"url": null
} |
ros
[ INFO] [1381690478.098446977, 13.113000000]: liner.x[-0.100000] angular.z[0.000000]
[ INFO] [1381690478.616513187, 13.164000000]: pv1=[-1.000925] pv2=[-1.000402]
[ INFO] [1381690478.616573683, 13.164000000]: er1=[0.000925] er2=[0.000402]
[ INFO] [1381690478.616609597, 13.164000000]: sp1=[-1.000000] sp2=[-1.0000... | {
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"tags": "ros",
"url": null
} |
neural-network, deep-learning
Title: Understanding convolutional pooling sizes (deep learning) I'm dumb but still trying to understand the code provided from this e-book on deep learning, but it doesn't explain where the n_in=40*4*4 comes from. 40 is from the 40 previous feature maps, but what about the 4*4?
>>> net ... | {
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"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "neural-network, deep-learning",
"url": null
} |
ros, roslaunch, node-handle, library
Title: ros::init() must be called before creating a node handle
Hello,
I have defined a library (i.e. another ROS package) that node "X" depends upon. In the header file of the library I have a class that declares a node handle. When "X" is being preprocessed, the library's header... | {
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"url": null
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c, console, io
As for "bugs", your program won't print what is usually expected if, summarizing points made in Stat1c_V01D's answer and comments by Jonathan:
The input contains empty lines. You'll output empty lines too. They should be omitted.
The input contains whitespace other than plain spaces and newlines (e.g t... | {
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"tags": "c, console, io",
"url": null
} |
bond
Now, each Hydrogen atom has two electrons to enjoy, and their shells are (sort of) filled.
Similarly, H2O isn't made by Oxygen capturing Hydrogen's electrons. The H--O bond is a covalent bond as well (hope you can see the electron pairs ¨).
Before bonding After bonding
¨ ... | {
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"tags": "bond",
"url": null
} |
kalman-filters
Title: Implementing a Kalman filter for position, velocity, acceleration I've used Kalman filters for various things in the past, but I'm now interested in using one to track position, speed and acceleration in the context of tracking position for smartphone apps. It strikes me that this should be a te... | {
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"id": 877,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "kalman-filters",
"url": null
} |
human-biology, genetics, human-genetics, reproduction, twins
There doesn't seem to be a distinction between heteropaternal superfecundation occurring with two ova and with one ovum. How will monozygotic heteropaternal superfecundation twins look like as opposed to dizygotic heteropaternal superfecundation twins and to... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 10743,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "human-biology, genetics, human-genetics, reproduction, twins",
"url": null
} |
algorithms, approximation, probabilistic-algorithms, 3-sat
Title: 3/2 - Approximation probabilistic algorithm for MAX-3-COLOR I have a textbook question here regarding Max-3-Coloring and need some assistance with it. I have searched for any type of information regarding it but haven't found anything substantial. Here ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "algorithms, approximation, probabilistic-algorithms, 3-sat",
"url": null
} |
physical-chemistry, thermodynamics, equilibrium, kinetics
You have to respect the heat capacites in Eq. (4). If $A$ is a liquid, then the heat capacity must be that of a real liquid for the pressure of $\pu{1 bar}$. If it is a gas, then the heat capacity must be that of an ideal gas for the pressure of $\pu{1 bar}$.
W... | {
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"id": 17448,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "physical-chemistry, thermodynamics, equilibrium, kinetics",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, representation-theory, parity, cpt-symmetry, charge-conjugation
As a more drastic step, in left-right symmetric models one might have a gauge group like $SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R$, and one can define "generalized parity" to send $\mathbf{x} \to -\mathbf{x}$ and swap these two gauge groups. That's a... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, representation-theory, parity, cpt-symmetry, charge-conjugat... |
entropy, disorder
Title: Do hydroelectric power plants violate the popular scientific notion of entropy = disorder? I had a discussion yesterday, and I found my understanding of entropy lacking. I know that entropy is not exactly the same as the degree of disorder in a system, but I also know that outside of specifica... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 35206,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "entropy, disorder",
"url": null
} |
botany, virus
Title: What virus transforms full grown plants? I read an article by a gardener describing how a virus had transmitted a negative trait to his plants. It rather shocked me, because I hadn't realized that a virus could transform an adult plant. I was aware of dipping arabadopsis flowers in agrobacterium t... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 3329,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "botany, virus",
"url": null
} |
hygiene
What would sanitizer fail to do that detergent and warm water would do in cleaning glasses frame that isn't 'visibly soiled'?
While alcohol based sanitizers are effective at killing most pathogens, it's typically on par with a soap and water scrub. However, for the purposes of sanitation (which seems to be th... | {
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"id": 10771,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "hygiene",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, energy, adiabatic
Title: First law needs adiabat definition but adiabat definition needs heat definition in first law It is usually said that the best formulation of the first law of thermodynamics is that work is path independent on adiabatic paths. From there, you can define the state function of int... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "thermodynamics, energy, adiabatic",
"url": null
} |
particle-physics, electromagnetic-radiation, electrons, large-hadron-collider
Title: Why don't they use electrons at CERN? The excerpt below is taken from a web article I was reading.
The powerful machine LHC accelerates and steers billions of protons to
collide with billions of other protons. The goal of this work i... | {
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... |
With the substitution $u = t+x$ we can simplify this to $$\Delta(x,\lambda,\delta) = \int_{u=0}^{(1-\lambda)\delta} \frac{1}{u+x} \, du - (1-\lambda) \int_{u=0}^{\delta} \frac{1}{u+x} \, du.$$ Now we scale the first integrand with the transformation $$v = u/(1-\lambda), \quad du = (1-\lambda) dv,$$ giving $$\Delta(x,\l... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9646713137626648,
"ta... |
nuclear-physics, quantum-spin, tensor-calculus, isospin-symmetry
Applying this to your problem, then, it asks you to compose an isosinglet $ \Lambda_c^+$ with an isotriplet $\pi^0 $, whose isospin you are indeed assumed to know, as you surmised. Appreciating one of the quarks of both baryons is a c, you are then led t... | {
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"url": null
} |
java, object-oriented, interface
}
Finally in the main method I mocked the sensor updated using a Thread,
public static void main(String[] args) {
SensorMonitor sensorMonitor = new SensorMonitor();
Sensor temperature = new Sensor(SensorTypes.TEMPERATURE);
temperature.registerListener(sensorMonitor);
... | {
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"tags": "java, object-oriented, interface",
"url": null
} |
electronic-configuration
Electronic configuration of Curium: $[\ce{Rn}] \ce{7s^2 5f^7 6d^{1}}$, instead of $[\ce{Rn}] \ce{7s^2 5f^8} $ according to the diagonal rule, because a half full $\ce{5f}$ orbital is more stable than $\ce{5f}$ filled with eight electrons. | {
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D is the answer, a 38% chance that A or B is the answer, and a 3% chance that the answer is C or E. Thus, answer D (conditions 1) and 2), when applied separately, are sufficient to answer the question) is most likely, but there may be cases where the answer is A,B,C or E. _________________ MathRevolution: Finish GMAT Q... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9732407168145568,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117876664789,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 3399.98960084689,
"openwebmath_score": 0.540218710899353,
"tags": nul... |
quantum-field-theory, experimental-physics
Title: Poynting Vectors and Feigel Effects There is a surprising number of papers seriously discussing the "feigel effect" This has been linked to the Abraham-Minkowski controversy also here. Although there are good discussions picking apart the feigel effect calculations, ... | {
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"id": 277,
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c, datetime
status = 1;
} else {
fprintf(f, "%ld", (long) ut);
fclose(f);
}
}
}
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: ");
if (argv[0]) fprintf(stderr, "%s ", argv[0]);
fprintf(stderr, "[set YYYY/MM/DD;hh:... | {
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A specific example: consider the two degree 4 curves whose control points are
$(0,0)$, $(1,0)$, $(\tfrac53,\tfrac23)$, $(2,1)$, $(2,1)$
$(0,0)$, $(0,0)$, $(\tfrac13,0)$, $(1,0)$, $(2,1)$.
Routine calculations show that these two curves both represent the portion of the parabola $y = \tfrac14 x^2$ that lies between t... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8705972751232809,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8833402991294861,
"tag... |
c#, generics, reflection
Title: Dynamically convert property to different data type The code finds marked attributes and parses them according to the attribute type.
Is it possible to simplify this logic? Is there generic way to do it? Please suggest some way to optimise this code. All the data type of Product class w... | {
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"tags": "c#, generics, reflection",
"url": null
} |
slam, navigation, camera, multiple, stereo
Title: RTABMAP with multiple ZED stereo cameras
Hi,
I would like to use multiple ZED stereo cameras for the 3D mapping with RTABMAP. But I notice RTABMAP only supports single stereo camera or stereo camera+laser. Could anyone kindly give me some insights on how to do the mul... | {
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"id": 29194,
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"tags": "slam, navigation, camera, multiple, stereo",
"url": null
} |
Bannai, Bannai and Stanton proved that $f_d(k) \leq {d + k \choose k}$ in 1983. See: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02579288
The first good bound for this function was for $k = 2$, as given by Larman Rogers and Seidel in 1977, "On Two-Distance Sets in Euclidean Space". They proved that $f_d(2) \leq (d+1)(... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9879462211935647,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.810010516475849,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8198933293122507,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 326.27323766487694,
"openwebmath_score": 0.833730936050415,
"tags"... |
particle-physics, nuclear-physics, antimatter, radioactivity
Title: Isn't positron capture theoretically possible? I've heard of $\beta^-$ decay,
$$n \rightarrow p^+ + e^- + \bar \nu_e$$
$\beta^+$ decay,
$$p^+ \rightarrow n + e^+ + \nu_e$$
and electron capture,
$$p^+ + e^- \rightarrow n + \nu_e$$
but every time I've g... | {
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"id": 67146,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "particle-physics, nuclear-physics, antimatter, radioactivity",
"url": null
} |
ros, serial, communication, opencr
Title: [Solved] OpenCR Serial communication
Hello!
I would like to use a Cortex-M board to communicate with the OpenCR. However my board does not have any USB connector. So I would like to use some pins and configure them as an UART. As far as I understood the communication is seria... | {
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"id": 28957,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, serial, communication, opencr",
"url": null
} |
slam, navigation, mapping, hector-slam, hector-mapping
Title: Hector SLAM minimum requirement spec
Hi! I want to use hector mapping on board computer such as Q7-BT, BeagleBone.
so I have to select CPU and RAM. Please tell me minimum requirement CPU and RAM spec to run hector mapping.
Originally posted by masa on ROS... | {
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"tags": "slam, navigation, mapping, hector-slam, hector-mapping",
"url": null
} |
This divides the number line into 5 regions. Values of x in right most region will always give you positive value of the expression. The reason for this is that if x > 7, all factors above will be positive.
When you jump to the next region between x = 4 and x = 7, value of x here give you negative value for the entire... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9591542840900507,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8054344248947714,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8397339596505965,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2058.8000088146186,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6266617178916931,
"tags": ... |
quantum-mechanics, molecular-dynamics, born-oppenheimer-approximation
Title: Born-Oppenheimer separation in Dirac bra-ket notation Most derivations I have seen of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation are made using wave-functions. To understand it better, I was trying to write a derivation using Dirac notation, but I am... | {
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"id": 6303,
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, molecular-dynamics, born-oppenheimer-approximation",
"url": nu... |
quantum-state, circuit-construction
Title: Which qubit has the highest $|1\rangle$ amplitude? Suppose I can prepare $n$ qubits each in an unknown independent state (not entangled). If needed, you can assume that each qubit is in a state $a_i |0\rangle + b_i |1\rangle$ for real numbers $a$ and $b$. Is there a quantum c... | {
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"id": 5387,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-state, circuit-construction",
"url": null
} |
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