text stringlengths 49 10.4k | source dict |
|---|---|
OK, so suppose $X$ is a finite set. Then we can say that $X = \{ x_1,x_2,...x_k \}$ for some $k$
OK, so let's define a mapping $f$ from $\mathbb{N}$ to $X$:
$$f(n) = x_{(n \: mod \: k) + 1}$$
Since this mapping is onto, that means $X$ is countable. So, any finite set is countable.
• Thank you (I do not have enough ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9438698291778564,
"tags... |
general-relativity, spacetime, reference-frames, metric-tensor, observers
Title: General Relativistic version of the Lorentz factor In curved spacetime, the Lorentz factor is different than that in flat spacetime.
Is there any expression that gives the Lorentz factor for any arbitrary metric tensor? Yes, almost. It is... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity, spacetime, reference-frames, metric-tensor, observers",
"url... |
rviz, urdf
<joint name="f_axle_rf_wheel" type="fixed">
<parent link="f_axle"/>
<child link="rf_wheel"/>
</joint>
<joint name="r_axle_lr_wheel" type="fixed">
<parent link="r_axle"/>
<child link="lr_wheel"/>
</joint>
<joint name="r_axle_rr_wheel" type="fixed">
... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 6735,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "rviz, urdf",
"url": null
} |
classical-mechanics, thermal-radiation, thermal-conductivity
Unfortunately $h$ is quite difficult to determine as it depends on the properties of the fluid and its flow regime as well as the geometry of the problem.
In order to determine the heat transfer coefficient we define a number of dimensionless quantities such... | {
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"tags": "classical-mechanics, thermal-radiation, thermal-conductivity",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, electric-circuits
Title: How does a diode stabilize voltage in a generator? I've read a bit about GravityLight and watched this interview. Basically, it is a weight driving an electric generator that powers an LED.
My question is - what (aside from friction) keeps the weight from accelerating? The i... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electromagnetism, electric-circuits",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetic-radiation, visible-light, vision
Title: If an object emits radiation, is that object visible to us? I learned that all material objects emit electromagnetic (light) radiation. But, we can only "see" visible light. I'm aware that non-visible light is 'invisible' to us; however, I was wondering about thi... | {
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"id": 79343,
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"tags": "electromagnetic-radiation, visible-light, vision",
"url": null
} |
generalization of this idea exists in the matrix setting #### Matrix Norms¶ Let $$A$$ be a square matrix, and let $\| A \| := \max_{\| x \| = 1} \| A x \|$ The norms on the right-hand side are ordinary vector norms, while the norm on the left-hand side is a matrix norm — in this case, the so-called spectral norm For ex... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9785626530647278,
"tag... |
differential-geometry, field-theory, gauge-theory, lie-algebra, yang-mills
$\omega=\omega_\mu^I\,dx^\mu\, T_I \in \Omega^1(\mathcal{G})$ is a Lie algebra-valued 1-form
$$
\begin{aligned}
D_A \omega & =d\omega +\rho ( A) \land \omega =\\
& =\partial _{\mu } \omega _{\nu }^{I} dx^{\mu } \land dx^{\nu } T_{I} +A_{\mu }... | {
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"id": 87095,
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"tags": "differential-geometry, field-theory, gauge-theory, lie-algebra, yang-mills",
"ur... |
c++, strings
Yes. I like that better. But wait, we can do better than that! All we seem to be doing is looking for the string "*/" inside a longer string. That's string search, and there are library functions for that!
#include <string.h>
const char *skipMultilineComment(const char *it, const char *fileEnd)
{
if ... | {
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"tags": "c++, strings",
"url": null
} |
quantum-gate, error-correction, textbook-and-exercises
$$CZ_{1 \rightarrow 2} = |0\rangle \langle 0| I + |1 \rangle \langle 1| Z = \\
=
\begin{pmatrix}
1&0&0&0 \\
0&1&0&0 \\
0&0&1&0 \\
0&0&0&-1 \\
\end{pmatrix}=\\
=I |0\rangle \langle 0| + Z |1 \rangle \langle 1| = CZ_{2 \rightarrow 1}
$$ | {
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"id": 1832,
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"tags": "quantum-gate, error-correction, textbook-and-exercises",
"url": null
} |
circuit-construction, quantum-circuit, hadamard
Title: Constructing a pure state in Bloch sphere using 3 gates We have the 3 following gates :
$$
H = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix}1 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix}
$$
$$
R(\varphi) = \begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\ 0 & e^{-i\varphi} \end{bmatrix}
$$
$$
R(\psi) = \begin{bmatrix... | {
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"tags": "circuit-construction, quantum-circuit, hadamard",
"url": null
} |
time-reversal-symmetry
For long time, I've been pondering of this but couldn't come to a stern conclusion to the question:
Why is time-reversal the negation of time $t\;?$ Meant to say, how does negation of time mean the backward flow of time?
Dumb though the query maybe; but still I want to ask it.
For instance, thi... | {
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"tags": "time-reversal-symmetry",
"url": null
} |
finite-automata
Title: Design the grammar for the following Design the grammar for the following:
L = (a^n)w(w^r)(b^n) where n>=0 and w={a,b} The answer goes something like this
S->ε/ aSb
S->A
A->ε/ aAa / bAb
here is a sample string for the above with proof
aabaabbb
S=>aSb
S=>aaSbb
S=>aaAbb
S=>aabAbbb
S=>aabaAabbb
S=... | {
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"tags": "finite-automata",
"url": null
} |
is generated by $x_1, \ldots, x_n$, \item $M$ is a finite $A$-module, \item $I$ is contained in every maximal ideal of $A$. \end{enumerate} Show that $x_1, \ldots, x_n$ generate $M$. (Suggested solution: Reduce to a localization at a maximal ideal of $A$ using Exercise \ref{exercise-localize-zero} and exactness of loca... | {
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"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9854964220125032,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8080019446376565,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8198933315126792,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 120.73245969658541,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9982831478118896,
"tags"... |
filters, terminology
Title: Meaning of monotonic in context of filters? What is meant by "monotonic" in context of filter
As shown in attached snapshot The term monotonic has no special meaning in the context of filters; it is used in the same way as usually. The magnitude responses of Butterworth, Chebyshev type I, ... | {
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"tags": "filters, terminology",
"url": null
} |
np-complete, np, proof-assistants
Title: Can someone pelase give a counter example of it? If a problem is in NP then there is no known polynomial time algorithm to solve it Is there any known polynomial time algorithm to solve a problem which that problem is in NP. I was told is False but can't think of any counter e... | {
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"tags": "np-complete, np, proof-assistants",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, energy, kinematics, work
Hèllo, I have a question about kinetic energy formula.
As you know, in kinetic energy formula, we have:
$\large\frac{1}{2}mv^2$
Okay. And we know, Joule (energy unit), is:
$\large J= kg~(\frac{m}{s})^2$
(Guys, please light me up if I'm wrong.)
Here's my question:
Why do we... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, energy, kinematics, work",
"url": null
} |
software, python, c++
Title: How to become proficient in software development for an aspiring roboticist? I am a masters student specializing in Robotics. I have a bachelors degree in Mechanical engineering and hence a bit sloppy with programming languages. MATLAB is one thing I am proficient in. But robotics requires... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "software, python, c++",
"url": null
} |
centripetal-force
Title: Turning a baseball bat around its center not around the side you hold it: is it possible? Is this move possible? If yes, how? You can see what's going on in this slow-motion video of tricks by Josh Womack.
If his arms were only ever moving in the same direction - in one swinging motion - it wo... | {
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"tags": "centripetal-force",
"url": null
} |
c#, game, tetris
// TODO: Check if RowsWereRemoved = True
// If so, increment Lines box on WinForm and play a sound
}
private char[,] CopyCharArrayRow(char[,] SourceArray, int SourceRow, char[,] DestinationArray, int DestinationRow)
{
int SourceArrayRows = SourceArr... | {
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turing-machines, randomized-algorithms, streaming-algorithm, chernoff-bounds
\end{align*}
$$
Thus in $B$, the randomness is chosen according to $R$, whereas in $A$, the randomness is chosen uniformly from a set $\{r_1,\ldots,r_M\}$. If we choose $r_1,\ldots,r_M \sim R$, then we expect the performance of $A$ to be very... | {
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"tags": "turing-machines, randomized-algorithms, streaming-algorithm, chernoff-bounds",
"url": ... |
python, performance
Creating weighted randoms can be done in a more concise and configurable way. I have chosen this:
weights = [0, 0, 0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.95, 1]
def weighted_random():
# between 3 ft and 6 ft
major = random.random()
major = next(idx for idx,limit in enumerate(weights) if limit > major)
retu... | {
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"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, homework-and-exercises, quantum-entanglement, entanglement-entropy
Title: Mathematical meaning of the logarithm in the definition of entanglement entropy Given a system whose density operator is $\rho$, the (Von Neumann) entanglement entropy is defined as
$$S[\rho]=-\text{Tr}(\rho\log\rho)$$
My ques... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, homework-and-exercises, quantum-entanglement, entanglement-entr... |
The set $H$ is nonempty, because if it were empty then we would have $|x_j| = \|x\|_\infty$ for all $j$ and if there is strict inequality in $(2)$ for $i = m$, then putting $i = m$ in (4) would give $|a_{mm}| \le \sum_{j\ne m} |a_{mj}| |x_j|/|x_m| = \sum_{j\ne m} |a_{mj}|$, which is a contradiction. Hence as long as $a... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9928785702006464,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744828610095,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 168.9949500762105,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9684768319129944,
"tags": nul... |
By Heron’s Formula, a triangle with sides of length $a$, $b$, and $c$, has area $A$ where
$$(a+b+c)(-a+b+c)(a-b+c)(a+b-c)=16A^2\tag{1}$$
Let $r$ be the radius of the inscribed circle and $R$ be the radius of the circumscribed circle. Then
$$2A=r(a+b+c)\tag{2}$$
and
$$4AR=abc\tag{3}$$
Putting together $(1)$-$(3)$ yields... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891239865619,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 165.78331263051385,
"openwebmath_score": 0.972678005695343,
"tags": n... |
python, performance, python-3.x
def main():
basepath = r'some_path'
sentence_to_search = 'some sentence'
search_sentence_in_file(basepath, sentence_to_search)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Miscellaneous:
As you may already figured out, the reason for my program being so slow resides in search_se... | {
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"url": null
} |
javascript, jquery
However depending on your HTML structure there might be even better solutions. One idea would be to add a (or reuse an existing) element around each group of suburb, zipCode and state field. This element could get a unique id which is given to the new function and then used for the selectors. For ex... | {
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} |
quantum-field-theory, special-relativity, quantum-spin, fermions, classical-field-theory
in analogy with the case discussed above. What actually happens is that Maggiore instead takes [p.90, eq.(4.40) and p.31, eq.(2.86)]:
$$-i\int d^3x\ \bar{\Psi}\gamma^0 S^{i0}\Psi\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (4)$$
to be th... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, special-relativity, quantum-spin, fermions, classical-field-... |
in Partial Differential Equations. Here are constants and is a function of. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): We consider the inverse problem of identifying a Robin coefficient on some part of the boundary of a smooth 2D domain from overdetermined data available on the other p... | {
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"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9911526446557307,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8103410954711836,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744673038222,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 895.9355510125647,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7458417415618896,
... |
We can also compute
v3 = Cross[v1, v2];
so that we have a complete, orthonormal, basis for the 3D space.
a = {2, 5, 9};
b = {3, -3, 2};
c = {5, -4, -6};
d = {-1, 7, 8};
gr = Graphics3D[{
Text["A", a + .3],
Text["B", b + .3],
Text["C", c - .3],
Text["D", d + .3],
Line[{a, b, c}],
Blue, PointSize[.02],
Point[{a, b, ... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9653811591688146,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8280731727584891,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8577681104440172,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1251.7648020096724,
"openwebmath_score": 0.4692477285861969,
"ta... |
-
Taxicab metric. Never heard that name (I learn maths in french at school). Funny! – Patrick Da Silva Jul 17 '11 at 20:24
@Patrick: Also called the Manhattan metric. – George Lowther Jul 17 '11 at 20:30
LAAAAAAAAAWL. Funnier. – Patrick Da Silva Jul 17 '11 at 20:39
Note: A similar proof will also show that harmonic ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8757869867849166,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 206.2175475308759,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9681006669998169,
"tag... |
quantum-algorithms, mathematics, grovers-algorithm, foundations
\sin 4 \beta \sin ^{2} \frac{\theta}{2} \sin \phi\\R_{31}=-\sin 4 \beta \sin ^{2} \frac{\theta}{2}\\R_{32}=\sin 2 \beta \sin \theta\\R_{33}=\cos ^{2} 2 \beta+\cos \theta \sin ^{2} 2 \beta.$$
The paper says that the eigenvector of this matrix is $\mathbf{l... | {
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"tags": "quantum-algorithms, mathematics, grovers-algorithm, foundations",
"url":... |
java, algorithm, tree, data-mining
lotteryRow3.appendNumber(1);
lotteryRow3.appendNumber(3);
lotteryRow3.appendNumber(5);
lotteryRow4.appendNumber(3);
lotteryRow4.appendNumber(4);
lotteryRow4.appendNumber(5);
List<LotteryRow> drawnLotteryRows = Arrays.asList(lotteryRow... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, algorithm, tree, data-mining",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, magnetic-fields, electromagnetic-induction
Title: Usefulness of an iron core in a magnetic coil used to generate current I wish to light a LED by moving a permanent magnet relative to an inductor consisting of a coil of copper wire. Can I increase efficiency (current produced for a given magnet motio... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electromagnetism, magnetic-fields, electromagnetic-induction",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, quantum-spin, dirac-equation, spinors, klein-gordon-equation
$$ A_\mu(x) = \sum_{\textbf{p},s} N_{s,\textbf{p}} [ a(s,\textbf{p}) \varepsilon_\mu(s,\textbf{p}) e^{-ipx} + a^\dagger(s,\textbf{p}) \varepsilon_\mu^*(s,\textbf{p}) e^{ipx} ]. $$
Again, $s$ denotes the spin states (which are usually ca... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, quantum-spin, dirac-equation, spinors, klein-gordon-equation... |
statistical-mechanics, correlation-functions, ising-model, critical-phenomena
$$
\langle{S_i^zS_{i+r}^z}\rangle = \langle\delta_i\delta_{i+1}\cdots\delta_{i+r-1}\rangle = \langle \delta_i \rangle^r = (\tanh(\beta J^z))^r.
$$ | {
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"tags": "statistical-mechanics, correlation-functions, ising-model, critical-phenomena",
... |
php, json, web-scraping, api, client
Example of symobls.md:
A 2019-01-04 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC
AA 2019-01-04 ALCOA CORP
AAAU 2019-01-04 PERTH MINT PHYSICAL GOLD ETF
AABA 2019-01-04 ALTABA INC
AAC 2019-01-04 AAC HOLDINGS INC
AADR 2019-01-04 ADVISORSHARES DORSEY WRIGHT
AAL 2019-01-04 AMERICAN AIRLI... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 33892,
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"tags": "php, json, web-scraping, api, client",
"url": null
} |
variables. Bottom by a fraction â in the root, we donât have âthrow... Rational, radical, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and denominators are nonzero radicals with even roots of numbers. /Â ( 48x ) TRACEâ ( CALC ), I can similarly cancel off any numerical! Multiplied across found for - simplifying r... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8845308423042297,
"... |
quantum-mechanics, commutator, poisson-brackets
There is a way to also do this from building the QM analogue of the Poisson bracket since in your question you include the term $i\hbar$. The Poisson bracket is used in classical mechanics especially in the Hamiltonian formulation.
When you say that
I've heard that the ... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, commutator, poisson-brackets",
"url": null
} |
Let's say we are in a function space $$X\subset \{f:A \subseteq \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\}$$,in which the metric $$d(f,g)=\sup_{ A}(|f-g|)$$ is well defined($$(X,d)$$ is a metric space). My doubt is the following: let $$\{f_n\}\$$ be a succession of functions in $$X$$, is the following equivalence correct? $$\{f_n\} \... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9814534333179648,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8157281937938896,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8311430436757313,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 81.67668311098922,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9447866082191467,
"tag... |
electromagnetic-radiation, speed-of-light, refraction, aether
Title: Does the efficiency of radiation change in any way in the presence of a medium? I've read that radiation doesn't really require a medium. But if you're taking, for example, the sun's light, then does its efficiency of transmission increase or decreas... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetic-radiation, speed-of-light, refraction, aether",
"url": null
} |
ros, queue, ros-kinetic
Title: remove old messages from topic
Hi all,
I am using ROS kinetic on Ubuntu 16.04.
I have a topic that I publish movement instructions to. At some point in my code I want to make a long rospy.sleep but sometimes I will publish to the topic right before I will go to sleep, and thus when I co... | {
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"tags": "ros, queue, ros-kinetic",
"url": null
} |
javascript, file-system, ecmascript-6, asynchronous, promise
const html = await ejs.renderFile(this.templateFolder + params.template + '.ejs', {
funs: funs,
params: params,
content: contents,
}, {})
return {
html,
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, file-system, ecmascript-6, asynchronous, promise",
"url": null
} |
c#, .net, mysql, database, wpf
/*
* Sometimes the number of parameters in the stored procedure count doesn't
* match the nummber of columns in the table. This function can be overriden
* in those cases. Two examples of this are the Series and Books.
*/
public bool AddParamet... | {
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"tags": "c#, .net, mysql, database, wpf",
"url": null
} |
javascript, dom
prevBtn.addEventListener('click', function () {
if (currentImg === 0) {
return;
}
currentImg--;
sliderWrapper.style.transform = 'translateX(' + (-translatedPixels + widthOfImg) + 'px)';
translatedPixels -= 300;
});
nextBtn.addEventListener('click', function () {
if (curr... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 12978,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, dom",
"url": null
} |
fluid-dynamics, newtonian-gravity
$$d\approx\frac{h}{\frac{\rho_W}{\rho_B}-1}$$
but I'm almost certain that this will greatly overestimate your penetration depth: it says that your penetration depth will be much deeper than the dive tower is tall.
So you need at least one $d$ observation to work out the value of the u... | {
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"tags": "fluid-dynamics, newtonian-gravity",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, electromagnetic-radiation, energy-conservation, classical-electrodynamics
Title: Contradiction between energy conservation and radiation damping force We know that if charged particle is accelerated, it will radiate. According to Larmor formula, the power is
$$P = {2 \over 3} \frac{q^2 a^2}{ c^3}$$... | {
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"id": 39895,
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"tags": "electromagnetism, electromagnetic-radiation, energy-conservation, classical-electr... |
quantum-mechanics, quantum-information, quantum-optics, decoherence, coherence
Title: Optical coherence versus quantum coherence Optical coherence is usually defined to be the measure of statistical correlation (for example if the phase difference is constant) of a pair of waves.
Recently I came across the notion of q... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, quantum-information, quantum-optics, decoherence, coherence",
... |
linux, posix, sh, text-editor
sudoedit_err ()
{
printf >&2 '%s\n' 'Error in sudoedit_run():'
printf >&2 '%b\n' "$@"
exit 1
}
sudoedit_run ()
{
# print usage
if [ "$#" -eq 2 ]; then
printf >&2 '%s\n' 'Usage example: sunano /file1/path /file2/path'
exit 1
fi
# sudo must be i... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "linux, posix, sh, text-editor",
"url": null
} |
macos, macos-lion, osx
Originally posted by tingfan on ROS Answers with karma: 91 on 2012-04-25
Post score: 0
Original comments
Comment by tingfan on 2012-04-25:
(re-post as edit)
Thanks for tracking this down, I reposted this for you: https://kforge.ros.org/robotmodel/Trac/ticket/4
Originally posted by William wit... | {
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"tags": "macos, macos-lion, osx",
"url": null
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Here we will discuss three approaches for solution of this problem : Brute force; Dynamic Programming; Maths In such problem other approaches could be used like “divide and conquer” . Pascal’s triangle can be created as follows: In the top row, there is an array of 1. = comb(k,k-p) if p < k-p. comb(k,p) = comb(k,p-1) *... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.34614333510398865,
"tags":... |
beginner, programming-challenge, rust
Title: Project Euler Problem 1: Multiples of 3 or 5 The following is my solution to Project Euler Problem 1: Multiples of 3 or 5.
use clap::Parser;
use std::ops::RangeFrom;
use std::process::exit;
const VALID_NUMBER_RANGE: RangeFrom<u64> = 2..;
#[derive(Parser)]
struct Arguments... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
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"tags": "beginner, programming-challenge, rust",
"url": null
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Marker symbol, specified as one of the values listed in this table. By default, the object does not display markers. Specifying a marker symbol adds markers at each data point or vertex.
ValueDescription
`'o'`Circle
`'+'`Plus sign
`'*'`Asterisk
`'.'`Point
`'x'`Cross
`'_'`Horizontal line
`'|'`Vertical line
`'square'` o... | {
"domain": "mathworks.com",
"id": null,
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9843363522073338,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.809310647418156,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891283434876,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2550.191555137208,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6909449696540833,
"tags": n... |
c, tic-tac-toe, rust
Title: Evaluating a tic-tac-toe board using a C-style for loop in Rust I program in C, and it's my favourite language. I've recently found Rust. I like their ideas. Sometimes looks like a weird mixture of C++ and Haskell, but overall it looks nice.
The for loop in C is very flexible, and I truly m... | {
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"tags": "c, tic-tac-toe, rust",
"url": null
} |
python, beginner, tic-tac-toe, ai
You're not using it just for the cell state. You're using it for the cell state, the board state (who has won) and even the turn state. Apparently it's acceptable to have a board without winner and without next-player (board state and turn state can be set to empty). If you set either... | {
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"tags": "python, beginner, tic-tac-toe, ai",
"url": null
} |
python, python-2.x, flask, raspberry-pi
for led_number in range(self.led_count):
self.strip.setPixelColor(led_number, color_value)
self.strip.show()
time.sleep(wait_ms / 1000.0)
def theater_chase(self, color, wait_ms=50, iterations=10):
"""Movie theater light style chas... | {
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"url": null
} |
In view of this it is fairly common to scale entropy by $\log k$, so that results then do fall between $0$ and $1$,
• didn't know about that, thanks. So basically the base of logarithm thas to be the same as the length of the sample, and not more? Jul 20, 2018 at 11:44
• The length of the sample is immaterial too. It'... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8688267711434708,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 575.5942423893879,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7386321425437927,
"tags... |
cubics are degree-three polynomials and have two bumps or none (having a flex point instead). Step 6: Find extra points, if needed. A polynomial of degree n can have at most n x-intercepts, it may have fewer. TYPES OF POLYNOMIALS. An nth degree polynomial in one variable has at most n-1 relative extrema (relative maxim... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9845754488233528,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.804963763409399,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744828610095,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 385.2108957500392,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7044321894645691,
"tags"... |
# 22. AR1 Processes¶
## 22.1. Overview¶
In this lecture we are going to study a very simple class of stochastic models called AR(1) processes.
These simple models are used again and again in economic research to represent the dynamics of series such as
• labor income
• dividends
• productivity, etc.
AR(1) proces... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744806385543,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1337.146227192856,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9956823587417603,
"tags": ... |
energy, momentum, conservation-laws, collision
Title: Why do inelastic collisions occur in theoretical calculations? When solving collision problems related to the conservation of momentum in my applied maths course, the question of whether the collision was elastic or not is often asked. A lot of them time (such as w... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "energy, momentum, conservation-laws, collision",
"url": null
} |
ros, catkin, build
catkin_create_pkg pack1 roscpp std_msgs rospy
cd .. (reached to /home/chhonkar/Desktop/imagews)
catkin_make
But this create problem. build process is not successful. i got some error. here i am copy few part of error.
RuntimeError: Multiple packages found with the same name "ardrone_autonomy":
-... | {
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"id": 20037,
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"tags": "ros, catkin, build",
"url": null
} |
14. Aug 20, 2016
### Staff: Mentor
This question does not relate to the present problem. It relates to a flow problem.
15. Aug 20, 2016
### williamcarter
In general we know Q=m*cp*ΔT=m*cp*(Tout-Tin)
but in this problem, in their answer they are doing ΔT=(Tin-Tout)
I am confused why they did like this in their answ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.863391617003942,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2580.771706495916,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5805058479309082,
"tags... |
deep-learning, deepfakes
Attacks on integrity of public figures, backed by realistic-looking "evidence". Even with the knowledge that this fakery is possible (and perhaps likely given a particular context), then damage can still be done especially towards feeding people with already-polarised opinions with manufacture... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "deep-learning, deepfakes",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, statistical-mechanics, stochastic-processes
Diffusion barrier locates at $x_0$ with barrier height $V_A$. | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, statistical-mechanics, stochastic-processes",
"url": nul... |
java, algorithm, combinatorics
// return final value, our result if no duplicates occur during the
// process
return arr[size - 1][0];
}
} Style
In Java it is common practice to have class names to use PascalCase (a.k.a. UpperCamelCase). Also the name spaceship doesn't make sense to me and is confu... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, algorithm, combinatorics",
"url": null
} |
electrostatics, electric-fields, gauss-law
If we repeat the same reasonings made for $\frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial y_0}$ for all the derivatives up to the $k$-th, or just for $\varphi$ if $k=0$, we see that $\boldsymbol{E}\in C^k(\mathbb{R}^3)$. This is one of the places where we can make things perfectly rigorous ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electrostatics, electric-fields, gauss-law",
"url": null
} |
string-theory, conformal-field-theory, ads-cft, branes
Title: CFT with noncompact target space => no well-defined vacuum state? In Maldacena & Nunez's paper, on page 6, when they discuss the compactification of Type-IIB on $\textbf{R}^6 \times K3$ (with D3 branes wrapped on $\textbf{R}^{1,1} \times \Sigma$ where $\Sig... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"tags": "string-theory, conformal-field-theory, ads-cft, branes",
"url": null
} |
on the following strategy: She will place four balls marked A, B, C, and D in a box. (d) Use the frequency table to find the following. Students get immediate feedback after they submit an answer. Add weights for various questions Handles all common question types including multiple-choice, dropdown, checkbox, and text... | {
"domain": "zespolszkolbestwinka.pl",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9802808759252645,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8211028373091915,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8376199694135332,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 831.331338728126,
"openwebmath_score": 0.395924419164657... |
Now, consider ${k\choose r}\frac{1}{k^r}=\frac{k!}{r!(k-r)!}\frac{1}{k^r}=\frac{(1)(1-\frac{1}{k})(1-\frac{2}{k})...(1-\frac{r-1}{k})}{r!}\lt \frac{1}{r!}$
Thus, $$(1+\frac{1}{k})^k=1+{k\choose 1}\frac{1}{k}+{k\choose 2}\frac{1}{k^2}+\cdots+{k\choose r}\frac{1}{k^r}+\cdots+{k\choose k}\frac{1}{k^k}$$ $$\lt 1+1+\frac{1... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8705972650509008,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 260.8724073012771,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7863031625747681,
"tags... |
water, reference-request, software
Title: How can I calculate the charge distribution of a water molecule? I would like to obtain the 3D charge density of a water molecule for plotting purposes (i.e. not necessarily super-accurate). I know this is a tough problem, but I'd like to give it a try. Since I'm currently usi... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 3767,
"lm_label": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "water, reference-request, software",
"url": null
} |
creates polar axes, it automatically creates a numeric ruler for the theta-axis. Look below to see them all. gnuplot is a not-quite-as-easy-to use, though extremely powerful, command-line plotting program. Arctan(x), tan-1 (x), inverse tangent function. Type gimp & and open the. All rights reserved. ymin is 19. Templat... | {
"domain": "aoly.pw",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9688561721629776,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8234998196964638,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8499711756575749,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1323.852582847336,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6930344104766846,
"tags": null,
... |
mechanical-engineering, valves, liquid, connections
Title: Is there a male and female valve that is closed until connected together? I'm trying to make a quick release male and female connector similar to the one shown here.
One connector is attached to the bottom of a container filled with liquid. When it is not conn... | {
"domain": "engineering.stackexchange",
"id": 2497,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "mechanical-engineering, valves, liquid, connections",
"url": null
} |
grovers-algorithm, amplitude-amplification
where $|\Phi_{target}\rangle \equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(|3\rangle |a_3\rangle + |5\rangle |a_5\rangle + |8\rangle |a_8\rangle)$. The diffusion operator is implemented as | {
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"tags": "grovers-algorithm, amplitude-amplification",
"url": null
} |
organic-chemistry, experimental-chemistry, surface-chemistry
Title: How to finish silanization process correctly? I have some 2mm glass beads and I'm doing silanization on them. For doing that, I have a small bottle that I fill 1/3 with glass beads and then pour silan solution on them and shake well. However, after 60... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
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"tags": "organic-chemistry, experimental-chemistry, surface-chemistry",
"url": null
} |
$$(2k+1)^4-1 = 2k(2k+2)(4k^2+4k+2) = 2^4 \binom{k+1}{2}(2k^2+2k+1) \in 16\mathbb{Z}.$$
Here's a stupid way to do this question. $G = (\mathbb{Z}/16\mathbb{Z})^{\ast}$ is a group with $\varphi(16) = 2^4 - 2^3 = 8$ elements. The order of any element of $G$ is either $1, 2, 4$ or $8$ by Lagrange's theorem. So the only wa... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 143.17814997712466,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7755591869354248,
"ta... |
java, performance, mathematics, matrix, floating-point
r20 = a20*b00+a21*b10+a22*b20+a23*b30;
r21 = a20*b01+a21*b11+a22*b21+a23*b31;
r22 = a20*b02+a21*b12+a22*b22+a23*b32;
r23 = a20*b03+a21*b13+a22*b23+a23*b33;
r30 = a30*b00+a31*b10+a32*b20+a33*b30;
r31 = a30*b01+a31*b11+a32*b21+a33*b31;
r32 =... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, performance, mathematics, matrix, floating-point",
"url": null
} |
php, object-oriented, session, wrapper
Title: A wrapper class for Sessions in PHP I have been using $_SESSION, $_POST, $_GET, $_SERVER globals directly without ever knowing there was a concept/practice called, "Wrapping globals in classes" until, yesterday. As I did, I was able to immediately understand its effective ... | {
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"tags": "php, object-oriented, session, wrapper",
"url": null
} |
Now we compare 9 with its left neighbor repeatedly,
swapping the two if they are out of order...
1 2 4 5 9 3 7 do not swap, as 5 < 9
- ^
1 2 4 5 9 3 7 9 moved as far left as it could (it couldn't at all), so
* * * * * ^ the first 5 elements are now "in order"
and 3 is to their immediate right.
Now we compare 3 ... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9770226341042414,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8010543467387565,
"lm_q2_score": 0.819893335913536,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 515.9574788792863,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6548559665679932,
"t... |
control, ros, simulation, joint
But to control velocity instead of only external force I need add a joint. I tried adding a floating joint:
<joint name="control" type="fixed">
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="internal_link"/>
<origin xyz="0.0 0.0 0.5"/>
</joint>
<link name="internal_link">
<inertial>
... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "control, ros, simulation, joint",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, optics, electromagnetic-radiation, interference
\left(\boldsymbol{\nabla}\times\boldsymbol{\nabla}\times\mathbf{E}-\frac{\omega^2}{c^2}\epsilon_0\mathbf{E}\right)&=-i\omega\mu_0\left( \mathbf{J}+\frac{-\frac{\omega^2}{c^2}\cdot\left(\epsilon_0-\epsilon\left(\mathbf{r}\right)\right)\cdot\mathbf{E}}{-... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 85227,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, optics, electromagnetic-radiation, interference",
"url": null... |
definition, conventions, fermions, spinors, grassmann-numbers
Obtaining $$ c = -\frac{1}{2} \overline{\psi} \overline{\psi}.$$
But this is not the second Fierz identity! What am I missing? We define
\begin{align}
\psi \chi &\equiv \psi_a \chi^a = - \epsilon_{ab} \psi^a \chi^b , \qquad {\bar \psi} {\bar \chi} \equiv {\... | {
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"tags": "definition, conventions, fermions, spinors, grassmann-numbers",
"url": null
} |
python, datetime, beautifulsoup
General:
This code could benefit from type hinting. This will also often emphasize names which should be changed.
If I were working on this I might use an IDE to squish the entire program into a single function and see if there are any obvious classes or methods which show themselves. ... | {
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"tags": "python, datetime, beautifulsoup",
"url": null
} |
information-theory
Title: Entropy based progress bar Would it be possible to build a progress bar that estimates progress using entropy?
Consider a web browser that is downloading a large file (for instance), which displays a progress bar indicating the amount of progress in the download. Let $X$ denote the value of ... | {
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The proposition of J.M. posted in a comment is probably the way to go, as it avoids searching for the appropriate starting values of FindMaximum, while performing similarly as the latter,
NMaximize[{(x1 - x2)^2 + (y1 - y2)^2,
{((1.2 x1)^2 + (1.4 y1)^2 - 1)^3 - (1.3 x1)^2 y1^3 == 0,
((1.2 x2)^2 + (1.4 y2)^2 - 1)^3 - (1... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.941654159388319,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8003788982861249,
"lm_q2_score": 0.849971181358171,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 3141.7556138410387,
"openwebmath_score": 0.1797262728214264,
"tags... |
species-identification, botany
Title: What is this plant's scientific name? This is the picture of a tree in my college's botanical garden.
First I thought it to be a banana tree for its leaves but then seeing its lower part, I don't think it is a banana tree. So what is it's scientific name? I am just curious. Is it ... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 9625,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "species-identification, botany",
"url": null
} |
Then by definition:
$\forall y \in T: \exists x \in S: \tuple {y, x} \in f^{-1}$
Thus for all $y \in T$ there exists at least one $x \in S$ such that $\tuple {y, x} \in f^{-1}$.
Also by definition of mapping:
$\tuple {x_1, y} \in f^{-1} \land \tuple {x_2, y} \in f^{-1} \implies x_1 = x_2$
Thus for all $y \in T$ th... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9875683513421314,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8452115062047286,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8558511469672595,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 124.0380424229862,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9775063991546631,
"tags": ... |
cross-correlation, matrix
How can we calculate the cross-correlation matrix for transient signal?
Thank you in advance.
Above article is in the below. If there is any problem, I do delete this post. Thank you.
Jingdong Chen, Jacob Benesty, Yiteng Huang, and Tomas Gaensler(2011), "On single channel noise reduction in t... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "cross-correlation, matrix",
"url": null
} |
quantum-information, quantum-electrodynamics, semiclassical
Title: How to calculate the interaction of a two level system with a chirp femsecond pulse using the time-dependent Schordinger equation? I want to calculate the absorption spectra of a two level system interacting with a chirped femtosecond pulse, I don't kn... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-information, quantum-electrodynamics, semiclassical",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, dissipation
Grandy: Foundations of Statistical Mechanics. Vol. I: Equilibrium Theory. Vol. II: Nonequilibrium Phenomena
And many applications of this development are appearing, for example (most of them should also be on arXiv):
Chomaz & al: Generalized Gibbs ensembles for time... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, dissipation",
"url": null
} |
discrete-signals, python, kalman-filters, estimation
In which case how might I remove the offset in the Kalman filter output entirely? (e.g. if I used a bandpass filter no offset would be present).
Since my model does not include an offset I might expect no offset at all but I do see an offset of $300/20$, as discusse... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "discrete-signals, python, kalman-filters, estimation",
"url": null
} |
The distance from $A$ to $B$ is $B-A$. If we start at $A$, and then walk half that distance, we should end up precisely at the midpoint $M$ between them. After all, that's what "midpoint" means. Remembering that "walking along the number line" means adding the distance walked to the starting point, we get $$M = A + \fr... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9802808698763475,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8037257568492174,
"lm_q2_score": 0.819893340314393,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 154.12106713709932,
"openwebmath_score": 0.892196536064148,
"tags... |
String nextLine() throws Exception{
String str = "";
try{
}catch (IOException e){
throw new Exception(e.toString());
}
return str;
}
}
}
Feel free to share your approach. Suggestions are welcomed as always.
11 Likes
what’s wrong with my solution https://www.codechef.com/viewsolution/51174003
1 Like
My Approach :
... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9773707966712548,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8101805814156638,
"lm_q2_score": 0.828938806208442,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 9630.928481707671,
"openwebmath_score": 0.43312564492225647,
"tags": n... |
chip-seq, software-installation, hi-c
ro_2.11.4/HiC-Pro_2.11.4/HiC-Pro_2.11.4/HiC-Pro_2.11.4/HiC-Pro_2.11.4/HiC-Pro_2.11.4/HiC-Pro_2.11.4/HiC-Pro_2.11.4/HiC-Pro_2.11.4: | {
"domain": "bioinformatics.stackexchange",
"id": 1559,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "chip-seq, software-installation, hi-c",
"url": null
} |
Let's compute the integral using the trapezoid rule with $N=138$ subintervals
x = np.linspace(0,1,139)
y = np.sin(x**2)
I = spi.trapz(y,x)
print(I)
0.31027303032220394
Therefore the Fresnel integral $S(1)$ is approximately
$$S(1) = \int_0^1 \sin(x^2) \, dx \approx 0.310273030322$$
with error less than $10^{-5}$.
#... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9873750510899382,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8524913419498915,
"lm_q2_score": 0.863391617003942,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1221.9700084223086,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9319489598274231,
"tags": null,
... |
homework-and-exercises, thermodynamics, maxwell-relations
Title: Finding Maxwell relations
I feel I am missing something about deriving Maxwell relations. I have read http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/8-044-statistical-physics-i-spring-2013/readings-notes-slides/MIT8_044S13_notes.Max.pdf and as far as I can see if w... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, thermodynamics, maxwell-relations",
"url": null
} |
java, swing
results.error("Weight input is not a number");
Include exception message and the value that failed to be parsed in the error message to reduce debugging time.
this.BMI.setText(IMC);
this.BMI.setForeground(Color.BLACK);
this.information.setText(information);
Some times you use 'this', some ti... | {
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"id": 40539,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, swing",
"url": null
} |
vba, excel
wbSubsheet.Activate
Set wsNewClient = wbSubsheet.Worksheets("New Client Investment")
Set wsExistingClient = wbSubsheet.Worksheets("Existing Client Investment")
Set wsGroupSchemes = wbSubsheet.Worksheets("Group Schemes")
Set wsOther = wbSubsheet.Worksheets("Other")
Set wsMcOngoing = wbSu... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 15321,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "vba, excel",
"url": null
} |
c#, performance, csv, io
reader.Close();
if (counter == 0)
{
writer.WriteLine(header);
}
writer.WriteLine(data);
counter++;
if (counter % 1000 == 0)
{
//writer.Flush();
elapsed = DateTime.Now.Subtract(start);
Console.WriteLine("Processed: " + counter + " ... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 21373,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, performance, csv, io",
"url": null
} |
$11 + 6.5 = 17.5 \text{ or } 24 - 6.5 = 17.5$.
Therefore, 17.5 is the number in the middle of $11 \mathmr{and} 24.$
• 4 minutes ago
• 5 minutes ago
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• 8 minutes ago
• 37 seconds ago
• A minute ago
• A minute ago
• 2 minutes ago
• 2 minutes ago
• 3 minutes ago
• 4 minutes ago
• 5 minutes ago
• 7 minutes... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9805806540875628,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8171419726793164,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8333245911726382,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1934.1542726712505,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6516239047050476,
"tags": ... |
To link this to your approach of simulating many samples from the random variables, consider the case where $X\sim\mathcal{N}(1, 3^2)$ and $Y\sim\mathcal{N}(2, 4^2)$. Then we can calculate that $\mathrm{Pr}(X < Y) = \Phi(\frac{2-1}{\sqrt{3^2+4^2}})\approx 0.57926$. We can obtain a similar result via simulation in R:
s... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9780517443658749,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.801898109536323,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8198933381139645,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 354.93792245567346,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8118929862976074,
"tag... |
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