text stringlengths 49 10.4k | source dict |
|---|---|
The space is also discussed in Chapter 12 of the recent text
Eisner, Tanja; Farkas, Bálint; Haase, Markus; Nagel, Rainer, Operator theoretic aspects of ergodic theory, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 272. Cham: Springer (ISBN 978-3-319-16897-5/hbk; 978-3-319-16898-2/ebook). xviii, 628 p. (2015). ZBL1353.37002.
(who cal... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9287201762199402,
"tag... |
# fzero
Root of nonlinear function
## Description
example
x = fzero(fun,x0) tries to find a point x where fun(x) = 0. This solution is where fun(x) changes sign—fzero cannot find a root of a function such as x^2.
example
x = fzero(fun,x0,options) uses options to modify the solution process.
example
x = fzero(pr... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8168667435576946,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8311430436757312,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 5654.255650071097,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6881147027015686,
"tag... |
image-processing, matlab
On intensity adjustment
In term of greyscale image, the intensity of the pixel corresponds to it's brightness. The greater the intensity, the greater the brightness. This also means that increasing intensity can be viewed as brightening the image (while decreasing intensity can be viewed as da... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
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"tags": "image-processing, matlab",
"url": null
} |
c++, algorithm, image, geospatial, mapreduce
RETURNIF(dstDataset == NULL, 1, "Could not create output dataset");
double geotransform[6];
srcDataset->GetGeoTransform(geotransform);
dstDataset->SetGeoTransform(geotransform);
dstDataset->SetProjection(srcDataset->GetProjectionRef());
GDALRasterBand ... | {
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"tags": "c++, algorithm, image, geospatial, mapreduce",
"url": null
} |
algorithms, strings, counting
For each $i$, find the smallest $j_\text{min} \ge i$ such that $S[i..j_\text{min}]$ has exactly $k$ unique characters as well as the largest $j_\text{max} \ge i$ such that $S[i..j_\text{max}]$ has exactly $k$ unique characters. You can do this efficiently, by keeping an array (or hashtab... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "algorithms, strings, counting",
"url": null
} |
classical-mechanics, rotational-dynamics, rotational-kinematics, moment-of-inertia
Now if you know that axis of rotation in the inertial frame, then $\boldsymbol{\omega} = \omega \,\boldsymbol{\hat{n}}$
Kinetic energy is thus calculated with
$$ T = \tfrac{1}{2} \omega^2 \left( \boldsymbol{\hat{n}}^\intercal \mathrm{... | {
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"tags": "classical-mechanics, rotational-dynamics, rotational-kinematics, moment-of-inertia... |
oscillators, resonance
Title: What is the qualitative cause for a driven oscillator to have a max. amplitude during resonance? The steady-state motion of a driven oscillator is given by;$$x =\underset{\text{amplitude}} {\dfrac{F_0}{m({\omega_0}^2 - {\omega}^2)}} \cos\omega t.$$ As we see, the amplitude becomes maximum... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "oscillators, resonance",
"url": null
} |
orbitals
Title: Why do higher orbitals have more energy? I have seen in textbooks and videos that an electron must absorb energy (become excited) to enter a farther-away orbital.
The amount of energy that must be gained is equal to the difference in energy between the orbitals. When the electron relaxes and returns to... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 1847,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "orbitals",
"url": null
} |
neurophysiology, action-potential
However, voltage-gated Na+ channels inactivate quickly, so that equilibrium isn't really reached. Instead, as the Na+ channels close, the new equilibrium potential is back near the original resting potential (for a third time, use the Goldman equation), because the primary permeabilit... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
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"tags": "neurophysiology, action-potential",
"url": null
} |
java, performance, algorithm
Once again, spot duplication between A and B - they're doing the exact same at the end of the case. I am assuming that A and B cannot go into the negatives.
Since if(A>2 || B > 2) has an early return, A and B are (individually) either 2, 1, or 0.
Thus we can see that if A is 2, we add A. I... | {
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"tags": "java, performance, algorithm",
"url": null
} |
nonprofit organization. The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and the Chain Rule. The fundamental theorem of calculus tells us-- let me write this down because this is a big deal. Ultimately, all I did was I used the fundamental theorem of calculus and the chain rule. The fundamental theorem of calculus states that the i... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9621075701109192,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.809926824116293,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8418256432832333,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 511.59056534953993,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9153153896331787,
... |
Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Math... | {
"domain": "dongfangoil.cn",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9793540704659681,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8400586797966253,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8577680995361899,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 598.0191804546618,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5076112151145935,
"tags":... |
\eqalignno{ 0 & ={ \left [O\right ]}_{ij} & &\text{@(a href="fcla-jsmath-2.12li30.html#definition.ZM")Definition ZM@(/a)} & & & & \cr & ={ \left [{\mathop{∑ }}_{k=1}^{m}{ \mathop{∑ }}_{ℓ=1}^{n}{α}_{ kℓ}{B}_{kℓ}\right ]}_{ij} & &\text{@(a href="fcla-jsmath-2.12li30.html#definition.ME")Definition ME@(/a)} & & & & \cr & =... | {
"domain": "ups.edu",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9927672376944796,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8069880462422914,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8128673223709251,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2550.773089888867,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9906160235404968,
"tags": nu... |
ros, ros2, nvidia, mavros
Title: Anybody planning to integrate NVIDIA's Isaac SDK with ROS?
Sorry if this isn't really answers.ros.org is for. Just curious if anybody is planning to implement this. I've had some experience implementing a Keras RL network with a ROS/MAVROS node but I wonder if Isaac might enable tight... | {
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"tags": "ros, ros2, nvidia, mavros",
"url": null
} |
differential-geometry, tensor-calculus, covariance
Title: Usefulness of Curl and Divergence as Multilinear Maps Early in differential geometry, texts typically reformalize our usual gradient, divergence and curl operators as covariant tensors rather than vectors. This is primarily motivated by the observation that the... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"tags": "differential-geometry, tensor-calculus, covariance",
"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x, email, wrapper
def __init__(self, poplib_pop3, username, password):
"""Initialize a new instance. This is normally called from the connect or
connect_ssl context managers.
poplib_pop3: pre-made poplib.POP3 or poplib.POP3_SSL instance
username: username
passw... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, python-3.x, email, wrapper",
"url": null
} |
python, gui, tkinter
def run_is_valid(self, current_branch_name):
option_commit = self.option_commit.get()
if option_commit:
new_branch_name = self.new_branch_name.get()
if not new_branch_name:
self.write_output('Branch name is required.', 'RED')
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, gui, tkinter",
"url": null
} |
dimensional-analysis, si-units, metrology
Title: Are the 7 base quantities in SI system really independent? In a typical description of the 7 base quantities of the SI system we see the following two points:
All other quantities can be derived from them.
They are "independent". | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"tags": "dimensional-analysis, si-units, metrology",
"url": null
} |
biophysics, electrophysiology
Title: If the average resting potential of a neuron is -70 mV, why is there such a high ratio of potassium ions inside relative to out? My bio teacher was discussing the ratios of different ions inside versus outside the cell.
$$\text{OUT:IN}$$
$$\text{K}^+ (1:20)$$
$$\text{Cl}^- (11.5:1... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "biophysics, electrophysiology",
"url": null
} |
algorithm-analysis, runtime-analysis, loops
I don't understand how is the overall complexity $O(\sqrt{n}) $.
From the code, I see that the outer loop runs for $O(\sqrt{n}) $ time but I am not sure of how to include the time complexity of the inner loop for finding the overall complexity.
If we have n=$128$, then oute... | {
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"tags": "algorithm-analysis, runtime-analysis, loops",
"url": null
} |
beginner, c, strings, pointers
int get_string_length(char* string)
{
struct SomeStringStruct myString;
myString.actual_string = string;
calculate_length(&myString);
return myString.length;
}; Don't use Hungarian notation
The compiler doesn't need it and doesn't check it, and for a human it is all too... | {
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• Continuous.
• Rational almost everywhere.
• Irrational at $$0$$.
• Zero outside the interval $$(-1,1)$$.
This can be obtained from the Cantor function $$c: [0,1] \to [0,1]$$ by taking some $$u \in (0,1)$$ for which $$c(u)$$ is irrational and by assigning $$w(x) = \begin{cases} 0, & x < -u \\ c(x+u), & x \in [-u,0] \... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9897251725196838,
"tags... |
ros-hydro, camera, webcam, visp-auto-tracker, usb-cam
Original comments
Comment by Alvin on 2014-06-10:
I see. Thanks for the tip!
Comment by Alvin on 2014-06-10:
I can't seem to get the calibration to fully finish. After i'm done with the checkerboard, I click "calibrate" and "save". After clicking "commit", the comp... | {
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"tags": "ros-hydro, camera, webcam, visp-auto-tracker, usb-cam",
"url": null
} |
The space between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is filled with three dielectric slabs of identical sizes as shown in Fig. A larger plate area produces a larger capacitance and a smaller capacitance. 4 Capacitance 3. The objective is to find the capacitance of this capacitor using EMS for Sol... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9481545304202039,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8040044772205128,
"lm_q2_score": 0.847967764140929,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 531.7615776063614,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6449436545372009,
... |
physical-chemistry, equilibrium
$$ K_{\text{p},2} = \frac{(x_\text{P}p_{\text{T},2})(x_\text{Q}p_{\text{T},2})}{x_\text{Z}p_{\text{T},2}} = \frac{x_{\text{P}}x_{\text{Q}}p_{\text{T},2}}{x_\text{Z}}$$
Taking the ratios:
$$ \frac{ K_{\text{p},1} }{K_{\text{p},2}}
= \frac{x_{\text{Y}}^2x_\text{Z}}{x_\text{X}x_\text{P}x... | {
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"id": 9826,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "physical-chemistry, equilibrium",
"url": null
} |
is even!)</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/17230/permutation-representation-inner-product/63691#63691 Answer by Geoff Robinson for Permutation representation inner product Geoff Robinson 2011-05-02T10:21:56Z 2011-05-02T10:21:56Z <p>Another fact, of which this is a special case, well-known to (many) group theorists... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8041637665595678,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744695262775,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 290.56797703404123,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9750310182571411,
"tag... |
quantum-field-theory, renormalization
Title: Is every QFT non-local in the U.V.? As much as I understand the renormalization group transformation and the concept of relevant/irrelevant operators, I'd say that if we push the reasoning of only looking at relevant operators when we follow a "renormalization group orbit" ... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, renormalization",
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I had exactly the same problem when I was younger. Eventually, I was taught that if you solve an $\color{blue}{\mathrm{equation}}$ containing an unknown variable say $x$; such as: $$x^2=81$$ Then the equation has solutions given by $x=9$ and $x=-9$.
But if you are just given the $\color{red}{\mathrm{expression}}$: $$\... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9658995762509217,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8229008558531199,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8519528076067262,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 255.1626578959415,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9294325113296509,
"tag... |
quantum-mechanics, quantum-information, quantum-entanglement, density-operator
Can we say that $\langle 0|\rho_{AB}|0\rangle$ is the density matrix of the system $A$ conditioned on having measured the state of the system $B$ to be in $|0\rangle$, and $\langle 1|\rho_{AB}|1\rangle$ is the density matrix of the system $... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, quantum-information, quantum-entanglement, density-operator",
... |
rust, numerical-methods
let mut sm: f64 = 0.00000000000000000002;
for an in _a.iter().rev() {
sm = sm * (x - 1.0) + an;
}
1.0 / sm
} | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "rust, numerical-methods",
"url": null
} |
java, algorithm, strings, programming-challenge
Have we waited for this character? If so, remove it from the list of expected characters we are waiting for (The "stack")
If the above is not true, does this character have a matching ending character? If it does, add it to the stack
Again, if the above also is not true,... | {
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"tags": "java, algorithm, strings, programming-challenge",
"url": null
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I like Tom Stuart's book "Understanding computation" with respect to modeling computation. He offers a nice progressive overview of models for computation. If I recall correctly: - deterministic finite-state machines - non-deterministic FSM - FSM with a stack (deterministic and non-deterministic) - Turing machines (wit... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9591542852576265,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8208932898665013,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8558511414521923,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 691.6624048537442,
"openwebmath_score": 0.682724118232727,
"tags... |
special-relativity, spacetime, reference-frames, coordinate-systems, vectors
Title: Four vectors and coordinates Hartle, gravity. Chapter 5
A four-vector is defined as a directed line segment in four-dimensional flat spacetime in the same way as a three-dimensional vector (to be called a three-vector in this chapter)... | {
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"id": 90897,
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"tags": "special-relativity, spacetime, reference-frames, coordinate-systems, vectors",
"... |
c++
/**
* Getters
*/
cv::Mat const& getData() const { return data; }
cv::Mat& getData() { return data; }
int getSize() const { return data.rows; }
int getRadius() const { return (data.rows-1)/2; }
cv::Point getCenter() const
{
int R = getRadius();
cv::Point center(R-... | {
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"tags": "c++",
"url": null
} |
acid-base, ph, concentration, mole
To find the exact pH of the resulting solution, first we need to find how much of $\ce{Ba(OH)2}$ is left. Since all of the $\ce{HCl}$ is used, we can find the number of moles of $\ce{Ba(OH)2}$ needed to react with it. As you've stated, the number of moles of $\ce{HCl}$ is 0.0150. Fro... | {
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"tags": "acid-base, ph, concentration, mole",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, energy-conservation, free-fall
I'm not looking for answers involving mechanical conservation of energy, simply answers involving this integration method.
Also, how much time does this mass take to hit the sun?
I wrote out the integral of $\int G\frac{M}{... | {
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It makes better sense when making generalizations about limits, derivatives, and the like, if we retain the information about the multiplicity of roots.
I understand the need to have repeated roots, one positive, one negative, for a non-zero whole number.
This is wrong. Repeated roots are for the same number, not "on... | {
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"ta... |
control-engineering, transfer-function, matlab, feedback-loop
Title: Closed loop response of a discrete system I have trasfer functions of a plant and a controller in laplace domain. I checked for the closed loop response by applying a step response. The system is found to be stable.
I checked the response of the sys... | {
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"tags": "control-engineering, transfer-function, matlab, feedback-loop",
"url": null
} |
waves, acoustics, density, vibrations, phonons
Title: Why does acoustic imepdance increase when mass density and bulk modulus increaes? If we take some material and (somehow) increase its mass density or bulk modulus then its acoustic impedance will increase as $z = \sqrt{\rho \kappa}$. That is, it What is the physic... | {
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"tags": "waves, acoustics, density, vibrations, phonons",
"url": null
} |
I made the code below line 11. It is so named based on its resemblance to the teeth of a plain-toothed saw with a zero rake angle. Fourier Series: x(t) a k ANALYSIS Given a PERIODIC Signal Fourier Series coefficients are obtained via an INTEGRAL over one period Next, consider a specific signal, the FWRS Full Wave Recti... | {
"domain": "chiavette-usb-personalizzate.it",
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8957338929... |
newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, work, potential-energy, conservative-field
&=\lim\limits_{\substack{b\to \infty \\ a\to 0^+}} \left[\frac{-GM}{|\gamma(a)|}+\frac{GM}{|\gamma(b)|}\right]\\
&=\frac{-GM}{|\gamma(0)|}+0\\
&=\frac{-GM}{|x_0|}\\
&=V(x_0)
\end{align}
Here, the limits were evaluated since $\gamma$ is ... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, work, potential-energy, conservative-field... |
python, algorithm, python-3.x, programming-challenge, cryptography
return { 'message': message, 'key': key }
def multiByteXOR(inputString, key):
return "".join(chr(c ^ byte) for c, byte in zip(inputString, cycle(key)))
# Functions for multi-byte XOR key length prediction
def XORStrings(first, second):
retur... | {
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"url": n... |
linux, bash, shell
where filescript represents a separate script that does the stuff found inside your current for loop. Of course you can also add -newer Mark2 to the find command:
find $2-newer Mark2 -exec filescript '{}' $3 \;
I would expect using -exec to be faster than using the shell for loop, but it might be ... | {
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"tags": "linux, bash, shell",
"url": null
} |
file-system, assembly
CLST_CHN:
mov bx, WORD PTR fatSect+2
mov ax, WORD PTR fatSect
mov WORD PTR varSect+2, bx
mov WORD PTR varSect, ax ;varSect -> first sector of the FAT
mov ax, di ;ax -> cluster number
mov bx, (bytPerSec/2) ;bx -> 25... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "file-system, assembly",
"url": null
} |
algorithms, approximation, scheduling
Title: Approximation ratio of greedy algorithm for makespan In the course notes for Stanford MS&E-319: https://web.stanford.edu/class/msande319/lec1.pdf
Lemma 5 is given as:
The approximation factor of the modified greedy [scheduling] algorithm is 4/3.
And gives the example:
Note ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "algorithms, approximation, scheduling",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, path-integral, dirac-equation, discrete
Title: Why is it hard to extend the Feynman Checkerboard to more than 1+1 dimensions? The Feynman Checkerboard Wikipedia article states:
"There has been no consensus on an optimal extension of the Chessboard model to a fully four-dimensional space-time."
Wh... | {
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"id": 363,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, path-integral, dirac-equation, discrete",
"url": null
} |
sql, mysql
Now that we have the test scenario, the part I want reviewed: returning the most recently communicated message between Walker, John, and Kate.
BEGIN
DECLARE @UserId INT = 1
--A. Main Query
SELECT
CASE
WHEN mtemp.senderid = 1 --@UserId
THEN
... | {
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"tags": "sql, mysql",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, friction
Title: Condition for stacked bodies to *move together* under friction I was given a question in a mock test series:
Three blocks A, B and C of masses $2\,\text{kg}$, $3\,\text{kg}$ and $4\,\text{kg}$ are placed as shown. Coefficient of friction between A and B is ... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, friction",
"url": null
} |
65.
Suppose that $\mathrm{XTY}$ is a straight line and that $\mathrm{TU}$ and $\mathrm{TV}$ are two rays emanating from $T$ for which $\angle \mathrm{XTU}=\angle \mathrm{UTV}=\angle \mathrm{VTY}={60}^{ˆ}$. Suppose that $P$, $Q$ and $R$ are respective points on the rays $\mathrm{TY}$, $\mathrm{TU}$ and $\mathrm{TV}$ for... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9988901019096375,
"tags": null,
... |
ros, openni, turtlebot, bumblebee
Title: Using bumblebee camera for turtlebot
I'm trying to set up turtlebot but I'm using a bumblebee camera instead of a kinect. I was wondering if anyone has done this before and how to go about doing it.
So far what I have done is commenting out the kinect node in robot.launch and ... | {
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"tags": "ros, openni, turtlebot, bumblebee",
"url": null
} |
Here's a combinatorial way of thinking about it: first of all, note that we can go one level deeper and represent the innermost piece ($$j$$, or $$k$$, etc.) in your formulae as $$\sum_{h=1}^j1$$; this means that the formula start to look like $$\displaystyle\sum_{m=1}^n1 =n$$, $$\displaystyle\sum_{m=1}^n\sum_{l=1}^m1=... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.855851143290548,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 197.29679194925643,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9423580765724182,
"tag... |
# Change Boolean expression of XOR from AND-OR to OR-AND
I have the Boolean of XOR as (ab') + (a'b), which is AND-OR; I need to turn it into an OR-AND.
I tried taking its complement, ((ab') + (a'b))' >> (ab')'(a'b)' >> (a'+ b)(a + b'), which does yield an OR-AND, but the truth tables dont align.
As Donald Splutterwi... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.824461932846258,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1286.2005862328433,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6395033001899719,
"tag... |
quantum-field-theory, particle-physics, conservation-laws, feynman-diagrams, interactions
Title: How to know what type of diagram contributes to a two-to-two process? There are 3 types of diagrams that can contribute to a two-to-two process; the $s$-channel, $u$-channel and $t$-channel.
How do I know what diagrams can... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, particle-physics, conservation-laws, feynman-diagrams, inter... |
cc.complexity-theory, reference-request, cr.crypto-security, machine-learning, lg.learning
Question:
I know LPN is BELIEVED HARD in the learning community. My question is: Why?
Is it because everyone tried really hard, but no one's found a good algorithm yet? Are there known lower bounds of the italicized variety abov... | {
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php, optimization, performance, php5, codeigniter
'like'=>array(array('field'=>'FIELD_NAME', 'value'=>'FIELD_VALUE', 'wildcard'=>'before/after/both/none'),), --- can have as many of these field/value arrays as you need, wildcard is optional
'or_like'array(array('field'=>'FIELD_NAME', 'value'=>... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, optimization, performance, php5, codeigniter",
"url": null
} |
entanglement, quantum-state
Title: What are the differences between "$n$-th level e-bits" and "$n$-th level qunits"? I have seen qubits, qutrits & entangled bits (e-bits) a decent amount. I have also seen qunits/qudits for n-th level qubits. What I am trying to wrap my head around is the differences between n-th level... | {
"domain": "quantumcomputing.stackexchange",
"id": 221,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "entanglement, quantum-state",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, angular-momentum, quantum-spin, representation-theory, lie-algebra
Title: Spin operators in QM In a text (Introduction to Quantum Mechanics by Griffiths) I am using it states without motivation that spin angular momentum has the same commutations relations as orbital angular momentum (these relation... | {
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down from right to left you multiply the terms b and c and subtractthe product. 6,901 3 3 gold badges 24 24 silver badges 58 58 bronze badges. $\begingroup$ A matrix is a certain set up of numbers or, in general, values from some algebraic structure. This scalar function of a square matrix is called the determinant. Su... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9805806484125338,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.810657593359939,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8267118004748677,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 283.9933073384388,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8188356161117554,
"tags"... |
quantum-field-theory, path-integral, yang-mills, functional-determinants
$$
\left(\int{\mathcal{D}\alpha}\right)\int{\mathcal{D}A^\alpha e^{iS[A^\alpha]}}\delta(G(A^\alpha))\det\left(\frac{\delta G(A^\alpha)}{\delta\alpha}\right)=\left(\int{\mathcal{D}\alpha}\right)\int{\mathcal{D}A e^{iS[A]}}\delta(G(A))\det\left(\fr... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, path-integral, yang-mills, functional-determinants",
"url"... |
python, beginner, python-3.x, checksum
def validate_credit_card_number(ccnum):
# Details shown below.
...
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Converting the card number to the needed lists of digits. There are easier
ways to handle such tasks, mostly using indexing and slicing techniques that
you already a... | {
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} |
quantum-electrodynamics, maxwell-equations, causality
Addendum 2012-05-30
If I've understood @RonMaimon correctly -- and I certainly still do not fully understand the S-matrix part of his answer -- his central answer to my question is both simple and highly satisfying: Feynman did not abandon the backward-forward sche... | {
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7.2 Deriving Black Scholes. The parameter is called the volatility. spot above strike for a call. Which of the following statements is true about the Black-Scholes-Merton model? In Progress. ii. Improve this answer. IThe mathematics of todays lecture will not go far beyond things we know. Dias da Silva, 165, 3004-512 T... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.987375050346933,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8397339736884711,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.824303150177002,
"tags": ... |
SOLUTION
1. Consider $$S_n$$, the $$n^\text{th}$$ partial sum.
\begin{align*} S_n &= a_1+a_2+a_3+\cdots+a_n \\ &= 1^2+2^2+3^2\cdots + n^2.\end{align*}
By Theorem 37, this is
$= \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}.$
Since $$\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}S_n = \infty$$, we conclude that the series $$\sum\limits_{n=1}^\infty n^2$$ diverges... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8152324938410783,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 561.84637501274,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9982527494430542,
"tags": n... |
c#, object-oriented, parsing, formatting, converting
Class Design
The design separates byte-level specification from the code that reads bytes from the string. The "specification" encapsulates the logical structure of the hascii data (storing details like the names of byte fields, byte offsets and field lengths) so th... | {
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"tags": "c#, object-oriented, parsing, formatting, converting",
"url": null
} |
javascript, html, form, dom
Avoid global variables
You are defining just about all of your code at the global scope which is a bad practice that can lead to conflicts with other scripts. For instance, you have defined config as a global variable. That is a really common variable name and another script may use a gl... | {
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"id": 4051,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, html, form, dom",
"url": null
} |
c++, algorithm, regex, complexity
This comment is misleading. * is called Kleene star. Without looking at ASCII table one would assume there is a bug.
Runtime complexity
I believe runtime is \$\mathcal{O}(n)\$ in the worst case, where \$n\$ is length of input string. Think about it: the code does a single pass over a... | {
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"tags": "c++, algorithm, regex, complexity",
"url": null
} |
It is currently 22 Nov 2017, 17:37
### GMAT Club Daily Prep
#### Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.
Customized
for You
we will pick new questions that match your level based o... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9553191297273498,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8001943763500037,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8376199653600372,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 4532.19802359079,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5444874167442322,
"tags"... |
# GRE Math: Absolute Values
On average you will see at least one question on the Revised GRE dealing with absolute values. You may even see a few. Yet, absolute value gets lost in the prep fray amongst the more popular concepts. So if you don’t want this relatively innocuous concept to surprise you test day read on.
... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9902915226589475,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8499711756575749,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 672.8900447109249,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5672608613967896,
"tags": nu... |
ros-kinetic
Title: rosmsg show from a python script
Hello guys,
I'm trying to get all the information of a particular message from a python script.
I'm using rospy.get_published_topics() to get the list of all the topics available, then, I select one of them and I want to be able to see all the information of this me... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros-kinetic",
"url": null
} |
solid-state-physics, semiconductor-physics
Title: Zener effect - how does the probability of tunnelling increase under an increasing potential barrier? From Wikipedia (the basis of my lectures):
Under a high reverse-bias voltage, the p-n junction's depletion region widens which leads to a high-strength electric field... | {
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"tags": "solid-state-physics, semiconductor-physics",
"url": null
} |
ros, opencv, rosbridge-server, roslibjs
Title: Display ros image on webpage using roslibjs
Hi all,
Problem:
I am using ros hydro and publishing compressed image on a topic /cameraColor. Also, I am using rosjslib(webpage) to interact with rosbridge_server. Now I want to display image on webpage subscribing to topic me... | {
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"tags": "ros, opencv, rosbridge-server, roslibjs",
"url": null
} |
python, strings, python-3.x, parsing, symbolic-math
def move_to_the_same_side(expr):
"""
Moves all the numbers and x-s to one side,
changing sign when needed.
>>> move_to_the_same_side("3x -4x^2 +5 -2 = 2x")
['3x', '-4x^2', '+5', '-2', '-2x']
>>> move_to_the_same_side("9x = 1x^2 -4 +2 -1 +7x")... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, strings, python-3.x, parsing, symbolic-math",
"url": null
} |
orbital-mechanics, tidal-locking, retrograde-orbit
Title: How would a retrograde satellite experiencing tidal deceleration affect the rotation of the primary? There are two common scenarios like this one, where an orbiting body orbits its primary slower than the primary rotates, resulting in the orbiting body moving a... | {
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"tags": "orbital-mechanics, tidal-locking, retrograde-orbit",
"url": null
} |
# Prove that $\frac{1}{n(n-1)}\sum_{i=1}^{n}(X_{i} - \overline{X})^{2}$ is an unbiased estimate of $\text{Var}(\overline{X})$
If $$X_{1},X_{2},\ldots,X_{n}$$ are independent random variables with common mean $$\mu$$ and variances $$\sigma^{2}_{1},\sigma^{2}_{2},\ldots,\sigma^{2}_{n}$$. Prove that \begin{align*} \frac{... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9559813501370537,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8007490673241738,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8376199673867852,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 765.6070963328948,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9977888464927673,
"tag... |
satisfiability, smt-solvers
(check-sat)
This will also yield unsat. First, you need to figure out the semantics of your language: does divide-by-zero cause the program to abort/halt/throw an exception, or does execution proceed and the divide-by-zero returns a NaN?
If it causes the program to halt, then you should no... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "satisfiability, smt-solvers",
"url": null
} |
water, europa
Possibility #3 Sub-surface Vent:
above: Figure 3 from Jared James Berg's thesis Simulating water vapor plumes on Europa.
Berg's thesis presents Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) calculations for a scenario where a reservoir of trapped liquid water below the surface of Europa feeds a volume of water v... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "water, europa",
"url": null
} |
java, swing, gui
xPointer++; //go to next cell in row
if(xPointer == 13) //if end of column then go to next row and reset column pointer to 3 and increment shade pointer by 3
{
yPointer++; //go down a row
xPointer = 3;
if((j % 3) == 0) {
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, swing, gui",
"url": null
} |
javascript, html, game, css, collision
transform: rotate(-90deg);
border: 2px inset #D69E10;
background: #EFB112;
position: fixed;
height: 8px;
width: 8px;
z-index: 0;
}
@keyframes coinflip {
0% {transform: rotate(-90deg);filter: brightness(100%);}
40% {transform: rotate(-90deg);filter: brightness(100%);}
50% {transfo... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, html, game, css, collision",
"url": null
} |
strings, clojure
Title: Partitioning strings into substrings of fixed length I've got a Clojure function here that's meant to parse a string of form:
"DDXXXYYY"
where DD is meant to be discarded, and XXX and YYY are string representations of integers.
(defn split-id [tileid]
(map #(Integer/parseInt %)
(map ... | {
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"tags": "strings, clojure",
"url": null
} |
algorithms, turing-machines, polynomial-time, nondeterminism
Title: motivation and idea of defining non-deterministic Turing machine This is a very basic question but I spent some time reading and find no answer. I am not computer science majored but have read some basic algorithm stuff, for example, some basic sortin... | {
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"tags": "algorithms, turing-machines, polynomial-time, nondeterminism",
"url": null
} |
python, beginner, parsing, csv
csvFile.close()
docs.close()
example text file:
____________________________________________________________
Report Information from ProQuest
August 21 2015 10:55
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, beginner, parsing, csv",
"url": null
} |
Check vector $\mathbf u$
Evaluate the product $A \mathbf u$
$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & -3\\ -1 & -1 & 0\\ -2 & -3 & 3 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 1\\ -2\\ 1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} (1)(1) + (2)(-2) + (-3)(1)\\\ (-1)(1) + (-1)(-2) + (0)(1) \\ (-2)(1) + (-3)(-2) + 3(1) \end{bmatrix}$
Simplify
$= \begin{bmatrix} -... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9956005857929761,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8116459484256464,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8152324938410784,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 240.6717309014054,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8552239537239075,
"tags"... |
### Show Tags
05 Sep 2017, 11:01
2
In traveling from city A to city B, John drove for 1 hour at 50 mph and for 3 hoursat 60 mph. What was his average speed for the whole trip?
(A) 50
(B) 53.5
(C) 55
(D) 56
(E) 57.5
The total distance traveled from City A to City B is 50*1 + 60*3 = 230
Since John drove for 4 hours t... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9637799420543366,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8093187508386598,
"lm_q2_score": 0.839733963661418,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 6011.783653965267,
"openwebmath_score": 0.19028860330581665,
"tags": n... |
pcl, ros-hydro
Title: catkin command passes with non-existent ROS package "pcl"
In pcl tutorial,
catkin_create_pkg my_pcl_tutorial pcl pcl_ros roscpp sensor_msgs
AFAIK there's no package called pcl in hydro, and catkin_create_pkg only takes catkin packages as an argument, but this command passes without errors and c... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "pcl, ros-hydro",
"url": null
} |
interference, radio-frequency
The probability of detecting a photon at a location is then given by the square of the sum of the wavefunctions. In locations where the two wavefunctions are out of phase they interfere and lead to a reduced magnitude. This therefore reduces the probability of detecting a photon at that l... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "interference, radio-frequency",
"url": null
} |
My textbook Introduction to Set Theory by Hrbacek and Jech presents Theorem 3.13 and its corresponding proof as follows:
Since the authors refer to Theorem 2.2, I post it here for reference:
My question concerns Part (b) of Theorem 3.13
Let $$\kappa$$ be a strongly inaccessible cardinal. If each $$X\in S$$ has cardi... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8519528057272544,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 87.62478252897972,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9802219867706299,
"tag... |
ros, catkin, tutorial
Title: Have problem with catkin tutorials
Hi there.
I following the ros tutorial but when i do tutorial no 3 and no 4, at some point the ubuntu show me this error
(The specified source space "/home/ros/catkin_ws/my_src" does not exist).
can somebody help me with this error
thanks
Originally pos... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, catkin, tutorial",
"url": null
} |
c++, object-oriented, c++17
So:
Stack(const Stack &rhs): _size(rhs._size),_capacity(rhs._capacity)
{
#ifdef RAW
_data = new std::any[_capacity]; | {
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"tags": "c++, object-oriented, c++17",
"url": null
} |
ros, topic
Title: ROS topic structure?
What is the basic structure of any topic on ROS?
My aim is to convert every topic to a binary data, that can be send on a network.
And again publish each topic from its respective binary data.
I am getting help from rosbag and wifi_comm packages. I am not getting complete inform... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, topic",
"url": null
} |
Let’s generate some fake data that we will use for the rest of the post:
set.seed(1)
n <- 100; p <- 10
x <- matrix(rnorm(n * p), nrow = n)
y <- x %*% matrix(rep(c(1, -1), length.out = p), ncol = 1) + rnorm(n)
Method 1: the nnls package | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9770226267447514,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8055179506384438,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8244619199068831,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2020.3507031539107,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5350294709205627,
"tags":... |
ros, ros-kinetic, topic, publisher, messages
rate.sleep()
Here is my AnchorScan.msg what it looks like:
# Timestamp
#Header header
int32[] AnchorID
float64[] x
float64[] y
float64[] z
float64 distance
# according to "S"
float64[] DDOA_of_anchors
Originally posted by elcinerdogan on ROS Answers with karma: 3 on... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, ros-kinetic, topic, publisher, messages",
"url": null
} |
ros-kinetic, message-filters
return 0;
}
However, I get a compilation error stating " undefined reference to `message_filters::Connection::disconnect()' ". Here is the whole compilation error message:
CMakeFiles/Subscriber.dir/src/Subscriber.cpp.o: In function `message_filters::TimeSequencer<geometry_msgs::PoseStampe... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros-kinetic, message-filters",
"url": null
} |
javascript, object-oriented
<body>
<div class="container">
<header class="background">
<h1 class="background__heading">Librario</h1>
<p class="background__intro-text">Your Pocket Bookshelf</p>
</header>
<div class="bookshelf">
... | {
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"tags": "javascript, object-oriented",
"url": null
} |
era Leibnitz... It is a 3d cylinder torus, where the inner side of Robertson-Walker... 2 where, R = Minor radius area I was looking for area of a cylinder assuming the radius the! The era of Leibnitz and Newton 2 the same question Follow this.! Is given by the formula and procedure for calculating the volume of a torus... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9539660962919971,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8030731283598909,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8418256492357358,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1056.1334699122776,
"openwebmath_score": 0.861656904220581,
"tag... |
machine-learning, keras, tensorflow
I tried to change the layers count and the number of nodes in the layer but the result is basically the same. What am I missing to make it work? You have two separate problems going on.
Use sigmoid
First, when performing a binary classification problem, you should set the activatio... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "machine-learning, keras, tensorflow",
"url": null
} |
python, recursion, tree
In Python2.7, replace yield from X with for x in X: yield x. Basically, we're turning our tree into an iterable. Then, we can just pairwise iterate over this with some itertools recipes:
def pairwise(iterable):
"s -> (s0,s1), (s1,s2), (s2, s3), ..."
a, b = tee(iterable)
next(b, None... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, recursion, tree",
"url": null
} |
gravity, newtonian-gravity
Title: Precision of geocentric gravitational constant I am looking for an answer as to why the geocentric gravitational constant, μ, defined as the product of the gravitational constant, G, and the mass of a body (earth in this case), M, can be calculated to a higher degree of precision than... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "gravity, newtonian-gravity",
"url": null
} |
powershell, git, network-file-transfer, com
Prompt the end user for credentials
You can use the Get-Credential cmdlet to prompt the running user for a username and masked password. This is still technically stored in memory and accessible but better then just leaving it in plain text.
$userSuppliedCredentials = Get-Cr... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "powershell, git, network-file-transfer, com",
"url": null
} |
image-processing, computer-vision, harris
Title: Harris Corners Detector squared derivatives I have trouble understanding something (small) regarding the math behind Harris Corners Detector.
(for example I looked at this explanation - https://aishack.in/tutorials/harris-corner-detector/)
In the equation we get there a... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "image-processing, computer-vision, harris",
"url": null
} |
ros, external-libraries, rosjava
Title: Adding an external jar in Rosjava
I need to add an external jar in Rosjava. I noticed several references to a file manifest.xml in other questions that my package (catkin generated) does not have. I noticed that there's a package.xml file that allows me to add dependencies but ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, external-libraries, rosjava",
"url": null
} |
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