text stringlengths 49 10.4k | source dict |
|---|---|
algorithms, graphs
Title: Induction Proof on Independent Set Variation Algorithm So I am given this blackbox algorithm, in which given a Graph G and a integer k, it returns yes if there is an independent set of size k, no otherwise.
My algorithm is suppose to output impossible if there is no independent set of size k,... | {
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# Is this a Mengoli series?
The series is, $$\sum \limits_{n = 2}^\infty \frac{1}{(n-1)n(n+1)} \space(a)$$
By partial fractions I've got,
$$\sum \limits_{n = 2}^\infty \frac{1}{2(n-1)}-\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{2(n+1)}$$
The book says that the series in $(a)$ is a Mengoli series, but I can't see how. A Mengoli series ha... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9582481980323792,
"tag... |
magnetic-fields
Title: Magnetic Flux in single surface Can the magnetic Flux in single surface (surface has two dimensions) be negative?. If can what does negative magnetic Flux mean Magnetic flux is defined as $\int \vec{B}\cdot d\vec{A}$, which requires the arbitrary choice of the orientation of the area normal v... | {
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to $0$.</p> http://mathoverflow.net/questions/16829/what-are-your-favorite-instructional-counterexamples/71697#71697 Answer by paul Monsky for What are your favorite instructional counterexamples? paul Monsky 2011-07-31T00:42:47Z 2011-07-31T00:42:47Z <p>I occasionally use the following "counterexample" to unique factor... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8670357494949104,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8440715670585632,
"tags... |
php, array, parsing
/**
* Apply the values to the multi-dimensional array
*
* @param array $theme_options
* @param array $info_types
* @param string $section
* @param string $section_pattern
* @param bool $is_option_string
*
* @return array
*/
function apply_multi_dimensional_values(array $theme_options... | {
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"tags": "php, array, parsing",
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arduino, rosserial, ubuntu-oneiric, ubuntu
Title: rosserial failed under Ubuntu 11.10 ROS electric
I was trying rosseial with Arduino based IR range finder.
Ubuntu 11.10 ROS electric
The details is as below:
[INFO] [WallTime: 1320969440.580833] ROS Serial Python Node
[INFO] [WallTime: 1320969440.584986] Connected o... | {
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"tags": "arduino, rosserial, ubuntu-oneiric, ubuntu",
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quadcopter, pid, stability
When I was using the single loop pid controller. I checked the data plots during testing and make adjustments such as increasing Kd to minimize oscillations and increasing Ki to bring the oscillations to a setpoint. I do a similar process with the cascaded PID controller.
The reason why the ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quadcopter, pid, stability",
"url": null
} |
oxidation-state
Title: Oxidation states of oxygen I'm given a question:
Oxidation number of $\ce{O}$ in $\ce{BaO2}$ is $x$ and in $\ce{OF2}$ is $y$; then the value of $x+y$
is what?
Now my main question is that if $\ce{F}$ has $-1$ valency in $\ce{OF2}$ then $\ce{O}$ must have valency of $+2$. But is that possibl... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
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"tags": "oxidation-state",
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} |
python, beginner, python-3.x, programming-challenge
def __val(self, address, mode):
index = self._memory[address]
if mode == 0:
return self._memory[index]
elif mode == 1:
return index
elif mode == 2:
return self._memory[index + self.__relative_base]
... | {
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Differentiating gives: \begin{align} y(x) &= u(x)y_1(x)\\ y'(x) &= u(x)y_1'(x) + u'(x)y_1(x)\\ y''(x) &= u(x)y_1''(x) + u'(x)y_1'(x) + u''(x)y_1(x) + u'(x)y_1'(x) \end{align} Thus: \begin{align} y''(x) &= u(x)y_1''(x) + 2u'(x)y_1'(x) + u''(x)y_1(x)\\ P(x)y'(x) &= P(x)u(x)y_1'(x) + P(x)u'(x)y_1(x)\\ Q(x)y(x) &= Q(x)u(x)... | {
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5-a-day and much more Turning Points in the History of Mathematics will be a valuable resource for teachers of, and students in, courses in mathematics or its history. 4.8 11 customer reviews. This can be where the curve reaches a minimum or maximum. Calculus results about derivatives, together with the Fundamental The... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9653811591688146,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8002419015378691,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388019824946,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 738.9254417343516,
"openwebmath_score": 0.43471258878707886,
"tags":... |
discrete-signals, linear-systems, autoregressive-model
Title: Difference Between Two Forms of Equations of Auto Regressive (AR) Model I found equation 1 for Autoregressive model in various books and articles but I also found equation 2 for AR model, I understand the physical meaning of the equation but two different e... | {
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"tags": "discrete-signals, linear-systems, autoregressive-model",
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Examples
In the original construction of Pixley and Roy, the example was $\mathcal{F}[\mathbb{R}]$. Based on the above discussion, $\mathcal{F}[\mathbb{R}]$ is a non-separable CCC Moore space. Because the density (greater than $\omega$ for not separable) and the cellularity ($=\omega$ for CCC) do not agree, $\mathcal{... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.982013790564298,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8204563532136758,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835350552604,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 579.0447059325933,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9998471736907959,
"tags": n... |
homework-and-exercises, radiation, radioactivity
$$ \frac{\mathrm{d}N(t)}{\mathrm{d}t} = -\kappa\, N(t) $$ and thus
$$ \kappa = \frac{\mathrm{d} N_{\mathrm{D}}(t)}{\mathrm{d}t} /N(t) \quad . \tag{2}$$
We can see that $\kappa$ is the decay rate (activity) relative to the existent population $N(t)$.
Note that this is ba... | {
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} |
c#
return projection;
}
While this makes sense for more complicated stuff like the projection above, it seems a bit off to me for some calculations, e.g.
public IEnumerable<decimal> CalculateCashflows()
{
for (int i = 0; i < Periods - 1; i++)
{
int diagonal = Periods + i;
yield return GetDiag... | {
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thermodynamics, computational-physics, phase-transition, software, phase-diagram
excessTerm = xAl * (1 - xAl) * excessSum
return pureTerm + idealTerm + excessTerm
Trying to find points in the phase diagram by finding the common tangent between the two phases theta and LIQ does not succeed, which makes sense if I ... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, computational-physics, phase-transition, software, phase-diagram",... |
star, stellar-evolution, star-formation
Another good way to tell the age of stars is if they are in clusters that all formed together, you can look at what is called the "main sequence turnoff", which basically means you look for the lowest mass star that has gone supernova, and you know how long that takes for that m... | {
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"tags": "star, stellar-evolution, star-formation",
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||A1B1||, ||A1B2||, ||A2B1||, ||A2B2||.
The mean of these distances is
(||A1B1|| + ||A1B2|| + ||A2B1|| + ||A2B2||)/4.
By the triangle inequality,
(||A1B1|| + ||A1B2|| + ||A2B1|| + ||A2B2||)/4 ≥
(||(A1B1) + (A1B2) + (A2B1) + (A2B2)||)/4 =
(||2A1 + 2A2 – 2B1 – 2B2||)/4 =
||(A1+A2)/2 – (B1+B2)/2||,
which is what w... | {
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"ta... |
However, if the phrase "randomly tidied up" instead meant "choose a random arrangement of books", then you get a different answer.
• There are $5$ ways where they are all on the same shelf.
• There are $5\cdot 4=20$ ways where there are two on shelf, and the other on a different shelf.
• Three are $\binom{5}{3}=10$ wa... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8244619199068831,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9081808924674988,
"tags... |
waves, pressure, atmospheric-science
As the circle of the wavefront get smaller again after going around 1/4 of the circumference, does the amplitude of the signal rise again?
Would there be a significant "spike" detectable exactly opposite of the eruption?
All of the discussion above is for a flat world. On a spher... | {
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### Example 2.
Given the cylindrical coordinates of points find their Cartesian coordinates.
1. $$K\left({1,\frac{\pi}{4},-1}\right)$$
2. $$L\left({\sqrt{3},\frac{2\pi}{3},0}\right)$$
3. $$M\left({4,0,-4}\right)$$
Solution.
To convert from cylindrical to Cartesian coordinate system, we use the formulas | {
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"tags": nul... |
signal-analysis
Title: Is there a spectrum sensing library? I was building my cognitive engine for a Cognitive Radio and, first things first, I have to make my CR aware of the environment by sensing the spectrum.
I read about Matched Filter Detection, Energy Detection and Cyclostationary Feature Detection: while I fou... | {
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} |
keras, cnn, image-classification, confusion-matrix
####
I did some image classification with a CNN. The Accuracy of the training and validation set are high and the losses for both of them are low. However, my confusion matrix does not have the typical diagonal from the upper left to lower right. If I understand the c... | {
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"tags": "keras, cnn, image-classification, confusion-matrix",
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} |
condensed-matter, solid-state-physics, spectroscopy
Title: Is there any spin-resolved time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)? Has the technique of both spin- and time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) been realized and applied anywhere? The combination of high-efficien... | {
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"tags": "condensed-matter, solid-state-physics, spectroscopy",
"url": null
} |
type-theory, dependent-types, homotopy-type-theory
The coproduct is a special case of dependent sum. Given types $A$ and $B$, consider the type family $P : \mathtt{bool} \to \mathcal{U}$ defined by $P(\mathtt{false}) = A$ and $P(\mathtt{true}) = B$. The dependent sum $\sum_{b : \mathtt{bool}} P(b)$ is equivalent to $A... | {
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"tags": "type-theory, dependent-types, homotopy-type-theory",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, information
$$
where $\beta_2 = 1/T_2$.
Now we can do a bit of algebra to find the cross-entropy:
$$
H(P,Q) = \frac{1}{Z_1}\sum_i e^{-\beta_1u_i}(\beta_2u_i + \log(Z_2)) = \log(Z_2) + \frac{1}{Z_1}\sum_i e^{-\beta_1 u_i}\beta_2 u_i
$$
$$
= \log(Z_2) + U_1 \beta_2.
$$
It's a stand... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, information",
"url": null
} |
everyday-chemistry
Title: Why do shampoo ingredient labels feature the term "Aqua"? I keep seeing the term "Aqua" in the ingredient labels on several shampoo varieties, but I really don't see why it should be there in the first place.
I mean, if the manufacturers just wanted to say it contains water, couldn't they've... | {
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$$[\min(X_1,X_2), \max(X_1,X_2)], \ldots, [\min(X_{2n-1}, X_{2n}), \max(X_{2n-1}, X_{2n})].$$
Because all $2n$ of the $X_i$ are independent, they are exchangeable. This means the solution would be the same if we were randomly to permute all of them. Let us therefore condition on the order statistics obtained by sortin... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8855133652687073,
"ta... |
quantum-mechanics, hilbert-space, operators, notation, linear-algebra
$$
Since it does not matter where one puts the brackets Dirac just writes
$$
\langle n|A|m\rangle
$$
for both things. Note that the dagger operation $\dagger: |m\rangle\mapsto \langle m|= (|m\rangle)^\dagger$ that provides an antilinear map between... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, hilbert-space, operators, notation, linear-algebra",
"url": n... |
electrons, charge, protons
From experiments we know that electrons, neutrons and protons interact with each other and with electromagnetic field in such a way, that we may define $q_e=-1$, $q_p=+1$, $q_n=0$. Now, just by summing charges of constituents of a complex object we can derive its charge.
Hence, in brief: cha... | {
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"tags": "electrons, charge, protons",
"url": null
} |
ros
/home/orbit/catkin_ws/src/gazebo_ros_pkgs/gazebo_ros/src/gazebo_ros_api_plugin.cpp:111:19: error: ‘ConnectSigInt’ is not a member of ‘gazebo::event::Events’
Linking CXX shared library /home/orbit/catkin_ws/devel/lib/libgazebo_ros_paths_plugin.so
[ 96%] Built target gazebo_ros_paths_plugin
[ 96%] Built target dummy... | {
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"tags": "ros",
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} |
python
class Car:
def __init__(self, company, type, doors):
assert type in company.types
assert doors in _DOORS_PER_TYPE[type]
self.company = company
self.type = type
self.doors = doors
This also makes doors an attribute rather than a property since its no long... | {
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"tags": "python",
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} |
python, python-3.x, converting
@classmethod
def from_base(cls, base: T):
"""Build function from base object"""
instance = cls()
instance._obj = base
return instance
This works as:
we checked in the metaclass that self.__class__.__orig_bases__ contains a single item;
Generic[T] ens... | {
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"tags": "python, python-3.x, converting",
"url": null
} |
electronic-band-theory
Title: Dispersion relation near a Dirac point I have very simple energy spectrum,
$$E_{\pm}(k_x,k_y)=\sqrt{2+2\cos(k_x)\cos(k_y)}.$$
The band gap closes at (for example) $k_x=0, k_y=\pi$. Both $E_+$ and $E_-$ are zero there. This is seen in the plot:
Apparently the function is supposed to be li... | {
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"tags": "electronic-band-theory",
"url": null
} |
# disjoint union
## Disjoint union of two sets
Let $A$ and $B$ be sets. Then their disjoint union is the union
$A\coprod B:=A\cup(B\times\{\star\}),$
where $\star$ is an object chosen so that $A$ and $B\times\{\star\}$ are disjoint. Normally $B\times\{\star\}$ is identified with $B$ in the obvious way. The element... | {
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"tags"... |
You can also use Venn Diagrams for 3 sets. We can list each element (or "member") of a set inside curly brackets like this: Common Symbols Used in Set … 1. the set of all counting numbers less than or equal to 6? Set notation uses curly brackets { } which are sometimes referred to as braces. The symbols shown in this l... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8397339636614178,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 374.92844967249346,
"openwebmath_score": 0.749208807945251... |
reinforcement-learning, rewards, intelligent-agent, learning-algorithms, environment
What happens if you continue training after the agent has learnt the environment? Will it perform by reaching its goal every time or will there be failed episodes?
If you include training episodes, then RL learns mainly by "trial and... | {
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"tags": "reinforcement-learning, rewards, intelligent-agent, learning-algorithms, environment",
... |
meteorology, wind, era, python, visualization
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#Read ERA5 GRIB file and Grab MSLP values
file = 'download.grib'
grbs = pygrib.open(file)
grb_mslp = grbs.select()[2] #MSLP for 2012-03-26 @00UTC
data = grb_mslp.values #MSLP v... | {
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"id": 1961,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "meteorology, wind, era, python, visualization",
"url": null
} |
astronomy, space, power, radio, satellites
Title: Is it possible to clearly receive weak signal from space? Imagine there is communication satellite on geostationary orbite. It transmits signal in a defocused beam, "illuminating" whole Earth hemisphere it's floating over. For example, signal is amplitude-modulated wit... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"tags": "astronomy, space, power, radio, satellites",
"url": null
} |
the concepts. Dynamic programming is used where we have problems, which can be divided into similar sub-problems, so that their results can be re-used. This conversation has the essence of dynamic programming. Porter's Generic Strategies with examples Strategy Organizational Strategy 11 Amazing Sales Strategy Examples ... | {
"domain": "produktninja.de",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9817357184418848,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.843962615019914,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8596637559030338,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1069.6046432631638,
"openwebmath_score": 0.24513642489910126,
"... |
lagrangian-formalism, variational-principle, covariance, variational-calculus
Title: With respect to what quantities do I vary Lagrangians in field theory? I have recently been wondering, with respect to which quantities (covariant or contravariant) one should vary QFT Lagrangians and whether there is some rule regard... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 11008,
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"tags": "lagrangian-formalism, variational-principle, covariance, variational-calculus",
... |
organic-chemistry, nomenclature, hydrocarbons
Title: Chain with double bond or triple bond
In this hydrocarbon there can be two main chains: one with two double bonds and one with a double and a triple bond
Both main chains contain seven carbon atoms.
Which will be considered correct and why? According to the curren... | {
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"id": 12609,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "organic-chemistry, nomenclature, hydrocarbons",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics
$$
Again, the intensity of this acceleration is constant since
$$
|a| = \sqrt{a_x^2+a_y^2} = \sqrt{\omega^4 R^2 (cos^2(\omega t) + sin^2(\omega t))} = \sqrt{\omega^4 R^2} = \omega^2 R = \frac{v^2}{R^2}R = \frac{v^2}{R}
$$
So you can see that it is mathematically possible to have an acceleration an... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics",
"url": null
} |
cr.crypto-security
Title: A basic question about bitcoin's anti double spending mechanism Note: much more basic than: Bitcoin and preventing double spending in decentralized digital currencies
I'm trying to understand the concern that bitcoin's chain of blocks technique tries to solve (see http://www.bitcoin.org/bitco... | {
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"id": 968,
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"tags": "cr.crypto-security",
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} |
6. ganeshie8
actually it is identical xD
7. ganeshie8
The second method uses some kind of convolution of two interleaving sequences
8. anonymous
$f(r) = \sum_{k=0}^{n}r^k$And $S_n = \sum_{k=1}^nkr^{k-1}$Then$rS_n = \sum_{k=1}^nkr^{k}$Let $$k=m-1$$:$rS_n = \sum_{m=2}^{n+1}(m-1)r^{m-1} = \sum_{m=2}^{n+1}mr^{m-1} -\s... | {
"domain": "openstudy.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9822877020743653,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8248603435488825,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8397339616560072,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 3229.6714339501073,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7983147501945496,
"tags":... |
fourier-transform
We know that one canonical conjugate variable can be Fourier transformed into its dual. So all properties of Fourier transforms apply.
It also appears that "momentum" can be considered to be the "frequency" of position. Does this analogy also apply to each and every once of these cases above?
In tha... | {
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"tags": "fourier-transform",
"url": null
} |
ros, imu, navigation, sensor-fusion, robot-localization
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1e-9, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1e-9] | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 28928,
"lm_label": null,
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"tags": "ros, imu, navigation, sensor-fusion, robot-localization",
"url": null
} |
rd, eg, qg, l1, 80, pj, kk, bv, hk, mc, sw, jh, pn, ty, ck, an, tf, rf, rm, n7, s5, yf, fk, ai, lg, ih, eo, 32, 2x, hh, em, | {
"domain": "silbertempel.de",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9840936115537342,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8091110686917595,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891283434877,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 542.5162987117362,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6553031206130981,
"tags"... |
general-relativity, gravitational-waves, kerr-metric
Title: Derivation of Teukolsky equation I have been trying to derive the Teukolsky equation via the Newman-Penrose formalism. I have derived the following formula (see Eq. (2.14) in Teukolsky's paper)
\begin{equation}
(*)
\left[(\Delta +3\gamma - \gamma^*+4\mu + \mu... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity, gravitational-waves, kerr-metric",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics
Title: lamda system in quantum optics why is lamda type configuration prefered over other type of configurations, while studying CPT & EIT. Is it easy to prepare this configuration in lab or it has got any other technical advantages? First: the $\Lambda$ system is very interesting in practice since ... | {
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"id": 33775,
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics",
"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x, game, game-of-life
return count
def next_cell_state(self, x : int, y : int) -> State:
count = self.count_live_neighbours(x, y)
cur_state = self.board_[x][y]
# determine the next state based on the current state and
# number of live neighbours
if count ... | {
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"tags": "python, python-3.x, game, game-of-life",
"url": null
} |
And the not so standard way:
$P(1\text{ in}) + P(2\text{ in Without }1) = 0.9 + (0.9 \times 0.1) = .99$.
Or
\begin{align} P(1\text{ in Without }2) + P(2\text{in Without }1) + P(1\text{ in And }2\text{ in}) &= 0.9 \times 0.1 + 0.9 \times 0.1 + 0.9 \times 0.9 \\ &= 0.09 + 0.09 + 0.81 = .99 \end{align}
No matter how w... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9808759621310288,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8468800795767482,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8633916134888613,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1233.868877066471,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9961762428283691,
"tag... |
newtonian-mechanics, reference-frames, rotational-dynamics, torque, rigid-body-dynamics
Given this, the transformation above is a specific example of a very general formula: for any vector $\mathbf{Q}$, its rate of change in a fixed frame and its rate of change in a frame rotating with angular velocity vector $\vec{\o... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, reference-frames, rotational-dynamics, torque, rigid-body-dyn... |
homework-and-exercises, symmetry, tensor-calculus, group-theory, representation-theory
Using the bold-number notation to denote the representation of dimension $2\ell+1$ (with total angular momentum number $\ell$), the decomposition you give of rank-2 tensors is equivalent to the decomposition
$$
\mathbf{3}\otimes\mat... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, symmetry, tensor-calculus, group-theory, representation-th... |
java, validation
Title: Shorter way of prompting for a height of x feet y inches? I'm currently working on a BMI calculator and just wondered if there was a shorter or more condensed version of doing the if validating statement.
I have currently done it this way for both Height and Weight, but I find it to be a mess a... | {
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} |
java
Test output is below :
Please enter a Firstname , MiddleName & Lastname separated by spaces
Maria Anna Sophia Cecilia
Name length is 4
Windows Usernames are
MariaA MariaS MariaC Anna AnnaS AnnaC Sophia SophiaA SophiaC
Cecilia CeciliaA CeciliaS
I found this code very untidy though and in effe... | {
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"tags": "java",
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} |
newtonian-gravity, simulations, computational-physics, numerical-method
End Function
Calling the RK function multiple times you can now track the orbit, and you will find it is quite stable. You can easily add multiple massive objects (just update the acceleration formula) and it will still work (although orbits will... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-gravity, simulations, computational-physics, numerical-method",
"url":... |
particle-physics, astrophysics, education
Title: Are leptons, baryons and energy the only products of radioactive decay? I recently visited my child's elementary school to speak to a science classroom about rocks and minerals. While trying to explain what a crystal is, I got sloppy and mis-spoke that an atom was the s... | {
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"id": 12313,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "particle-physics, astrophysics, education",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, electricity, kinematics
The problem becomes much simpler, however, if you neglect radiation reaction -- you argue that the charge does not accelerate so quickly, so its interaction with itself is negligible compared with the force generated by the other particle, or something like that. In that... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, electricity, kinematics",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, potential, plasma-physics, greens-functions, dirac-delta-distributions
Title: Derivation of the Yukawa potential by integration I'm trying to solve the Yukawa potential using standard integration methods, but can't seem to be getting the correct result. This derivation is a part of Bellan's "Fu... | {
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"id": 88639,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, potential, plasma-physics, greens-functions, dirac-delta-d... |
homework-and-exercises, gauge-theory, lie-algebra
Title: Calculating an expression for the trace of generators of two Lie algebra Suppose we have
$$[Q^a,Q^b]=if^c_{ab}Q^c$$
where Q's are generators of a Lie algebra associated a SU(N) group. So Q's are traceless. Also we have
$$[P^a,P^b]=0$$
where P's are generators ... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, gauge-theory, lie-algebra",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, condensed-matter, schroedinger-equation, probability, disorder
This is a huge field, and I am only giving a very superficial overview. It is one of the most studied problems of the past half-century, and it deserves the attention it gets.
The random potential looks superficially intimidating, becaus... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, condensed-matter, schroedinger-equation, probability, disorder",... |
homework-and-exercises, electromagnetism, electric-current
In the setup of the question, there is no steady flow of charge through a surface. Only one charged sphere is moving/rotating. So, how can $I=\frac{Q}{t}$ be applicable here? Current can be defined as amount of charge passing through an area per unit time. One... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, electromagnetism, electric-current",
"url": null
} |
urdf, moveit, xacro
Title: Creating the URDF in the PR2 MoveIt! Example
Hi All,
I am attempting to follow the tutorial on MoveIt! using the PR2 example in ROS Hydro.
However, it talks about using the URDF file generated "above":
Click on the browse button and navigate to the pr2.urdf file you just created above. Choo... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "urdf, moveit, xacro",
"url": null
} |
filter-design
Title: what is the suitable design Method to the filter? hi i'm going to design a low pass FIR filter for an EEG signal for the detection of eppileptic siezure and i want to know what is the suitable design Method to the filter? i need this FIR filter just to smooth the signal to use it for discret wavel... | {
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"id": 4962,
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"tags": "filter-design",
"url": null
} |
be close to 1. Time and work word problems. Then, we graph the linear regression equation with the scatterplot data. They compute the percent of the variability. For our problem, we would need only one dummy variable (since K = 2), the dichotomous variable coding level of idealism. Go to Overview Index. In simple linea... | {
"domain": "sramble-communication.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9833429565737233,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8508120142948999,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8652240895276223,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 713.5120381218667,
"openwebmath_score": 0.3975620269775390... |
# Calculus
posted by .
Gas is escaping a round balloon at2units^2/min.How fast is the surface area shrinking when the radius is 12units?
• Calculus -
Volume = V = (4/3) pi r^3
area =A = 4 pi r^2
r = (A/4pi)^.5
so
V = (4/3) pi (A/4pi)^1.5
dV/dt = (4/3)(1/5)(A/4pi)^.5 (dA/dt/4pi)
here dV/dt = -2
r = 12 so A = 4 pi... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9904405986777259,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8459424353665381,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 476.40711070448714,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9316695928573608,
"tags": nu... |
diffusion, chemical-potential, electrochemistry, porous-media
Title: Origin of terms in the Nernst-Planck equation We know the Nernst Planck equation is
$$ \frac{\partial c}{\partial t} = - \nabla \cdot J \quad | \quad J = -\left[ D \nabla c - u c + \frac{Dze}{k_\mathrm{B} T}c\left(\nabla \phi+\frac{\partial \mathbf A... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "diffusion, chemical-potential, electrochemistry, porous-media",
"url": null
} |
particle-physics, symmetry, standard-model, group-theory, representation-theory
Title: What are particle multiplets in the Standard Model? The particles of the standard model are often displayed in groupings known as multiplets. I know that this somehow relates to the underlying symmetries of the standard model, whic... | {
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"tags": "particle-physics, symmetry, standard-model, group-theory, representation-theory",
... |
( f, var )... finverse does not issue a warning when the inverse of \ ( N\ is! A nonzero nullspace c, x ∈ G we have to define the left inverse \. Matrices of orders m n ; n p, and p q respectively more conditions on G ; Section! ( an example of a and a is invertible, then \ ( AN= I_n\,... Definition A.62 let a be an m ×... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8633916187614823,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 720.5046601983116,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8751460909843445... |
homework-and-exercises, lagrangian-formalism, string-theory, stress-energy-momentum-tensor
=&2[\partial_+(\delta_+X)\cdot\partial_-X+\partial_+X\cdot\partial_-(\delta_+X)]+i[(\delta_+\psi_-)\cdot\partial_+\psi_-+\psi_-\cdot\partial_+(\delta_+\psi_-)]\\
&+i[(\delta_+\psi_+)\cdot\partial_-\psi_++\psi_+\cdot\partial_-(\d... | {
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"id": 46101,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, lagrangian-formalism, string-theory, stress-energy-momentu... |
i.e.
$(\lnot \mathcal{A} \lor Q) \land (P_{n+1} \rightarrow Q)$.
Now, what about $(\lnot \mathcal{A} \lor Q)$ ?
It is :
$\lnot (P_0 \lor P_1 \lor P_2\lor\ldots\lor P_n) \lor Q$
and using "general" De Morgan we have :
$(\lnot P_0 \land \lnot P_1 \land \lnot P_2 \land \ldots \land \lnot P_n) \lor Q$
Distribute aga... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9572778012346835,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.803858684275623,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8397339656668287,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 294.2280322707978,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8387449383735657,
"tags... |
ros-noetic, xacro
<robot name="turtlebot3_waffle_pi_sim" xmlns:xacro="http://ros.org/wiki/xacro">
<!-- New arg to add with the same default -->
<xacro:arg name="robot_namespace" default="robot1"/>
<xacro:property name="robot_namespace" value="$(arg robot_namespace)"/>
<plugin name="turtlebot3_waffle_pi_co... | {
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"id": 38868,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros-noetic, xacro",
"url": null
} |
matlab, discrete-signals, digital-filters
plot(w,H1);
I am getting this:
which is clearly not the frequency response of a digital high-pass filter.What could be causing this?
UPDATE
with wc<pi(normalized) in semilog scale:
the result is a lowpass which isnt the desired result. To make this into a highpass filter, mu... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "matlab, discrete-signals, digital-filters",
"url": null
} |
java, algorithm, heap, a-star
Title: A* implementation is not running efficiently but gets correct result I'm not entirely sure what code other people will need to see, if I miss something off that is important please leave me a comment and I will update it as soon as I possibly can.
I have coded an A* algorithm follo... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, algorithm, heap, a-star",
"url": null
} |
android, kotlin
getString(R.string.measurement_dash) -> DataEntry.MEASUREMENT_DASH
getString(R.string.measurement_drop) -> DataEntry.MEASUREMENT_DROP
getString(R.string.measurement_cube) -> DataEntry.MEASUREMENT_CUBE
getString(R.string.measurement_garnish) -> DataEntry.M... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 27555,
"lm_label": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "android, kotlin",
"url": null
} |
But if $r$ is irrational, then consider the interval $(r, b)$ where $b \in \mathbb{R}$. Since we can always find a rational number between two reals, consider
$r < q_{1} < b$. Now pick $q_{2}$ such that $q_{2}$ is the midpoint of $r$ and $q_{1}$. So we get that $r < q_{2} < q_{1}$. Then repeat the process so that $r <... | {
"domain": "bootmath.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9828232899814556,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8719653391492916,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8872045952083047,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 111.99402690259089,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9408217668533325,
"tags": ... |
c++, performance, beginner
}
for(digit[2]=0;digit[2]<alphabet.length();digit[2]++)
for(digit[1]=0;digit[1]<alphabet.length();digit[1]++)
for(digit[0]=1;digit[0]<alphabet.length();digit[0]... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 6623,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, performance, beginner",
"url": null
} |
statistical-mechanics, partition-function
\end{equation}The problem is now to estimate quantum fluctuations of the kinetic and potential operators. First, if we look at eigenstates of the hamiltonian then, because the energy is constant, then it means that $ \sigma_{\hat{K}}(\psi) \approx \sigma_{U(\hat{\mathbf{x}})}(... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 7522,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "statistical-mechanics, partition-function",
"url": null
} |
problem in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0. Question: ACTIVITY 7 QUADRATIC FORMULA. 4 Explain the relationships among the roots of an equation, the zeros of the corresponding function, and the x-intercepts of the graph of the function. An indefinite quadratic form will notlie completely above or below the plane but will lie a... | {
"domain": "abiliatour.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.978384668497878,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8044172356455278,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891261650248,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 760.9924713394902,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5009381175041199,
"tags": n... |
c++, parsing, csv, template
#endif
Here are the specializations I have so far.
// TrainInfo.cpp
#include "StdAfx.h"
#include "TrainInfo.h"
#include "My_Exception.h"
#ifndef TSTRING_TYPEDEF
#define TSTRING_TYPEDEF
#include <tchar.h>
#include <string>
typedef std::basic_string <TCHAR> tstring ;
#endif
#ifndef TSST... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 5098,
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"tags": "c++, parsing, csv, template",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, quantum-spin, definition, group-representations, poincare-symmetry
representations of the Poincare algebra (of spin $s,s-1,...,0$), which are easily seen to be irreducible.
The Foldy representation also exhibits the massless limit of the massive representations.
Edit: In the massless limit, the ... | {
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"id": 2605,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-field-theory, quantum-spin, definition, group-representations, poincare-sym... |
java, iteration
Title: Deleting an item from a Set while iterating I know that I'm not suppose to alter a Set as I iterate through it. But, in the deleteRow(String counter, String reading) method below, doing just that will make the code much more readable and clean.
Because there is so little going on in each itera... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 13417,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, iteration",
"url": null
} |
java, multithreading, priority-queue
public void setFetchByCustomPriority(Comparator<ComparableQueueElement> comparator) {
// Just replace the existing queue
PriorityQueue<ComparableQueueElement> newQueue = comparator == null ? new PriorityQueue(queue.size()) : new PriorityQueue(queue.size(), comparato... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 24348,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, multithreading, priority-queue",
"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x, csv, web-scraping, selenium
while True:
for item in driver.find_elements_by_css_selector("#data-container .row"):
rank = item.find_elements_by_css_selector(".rank")[0].text
company = item.find_elements_by_css_selector(".company a")[0].text
growth =item.find_elements_by_c... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 27819,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, python-3.x, csv, web-scraping, selenium",
"url": null
} |
ros
Originally posted by PeterMilani with karma: 1493 on 2013-06-21
This answer was ACCEPTED on the original site
Post score: 1
Original comments
Comment by amittleider on 2013-08-11:
Thanks. This definitely fixes the problem, but it seems odd that rosbag and rosjava don't work well together when rospy and rosjava w... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 13338,
"lm_label": null,
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"tags": "ros",
"url": null
} |
r, rna-seq, deseq2
How might I circumvent this error and continue on with the analysis?
Input files:
> head(cts)
KO1_P1_L001.Counts KO1_P1_L002.Counts KO1_P2_L001.Counts KO1_P2_L002.Counts KO1_P3_L001.Counts KO1_P3_L002.Counts KO2_P1_L001.Counts KO2_P1_L002.Counts KO2_P2_L001.Counts KO2_P2_L002.Counts KO2... | {
"domain": "bioinformatics.stackexchange",
"id": 2033,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "r, rna-seq, deseq2",
"url": null
} |
ros-melodic, husky
Title: What is the purpose of environment variables in launch files and how can we use them correctly (optenv in husky)?
Hello! I have trouble grasping the necessity as long as the way of usage of the three environment variables in the
husky_gazebo/launch/spawn_husky.launch file as shown in the cod... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 34549,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros-melodic, husky",
"url": null
} |
nuclear-physics
Title: Why are elements with even atomic number more abundant? In reading this article about the origins of elements, I found the following diagram:
What strikes me about this image is the very consistent zig-zagging of the line that appears to indicate that elements/isotopes with an even number are m... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 70397,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "nuclear-physics",
"url": null
} |
computational-chemistry
Title: "Electrwd" group? The Amber force field parameters describe hydrogen atoms in various states:
HC 1.008 H aliph. bond. to C without electrwd.group
H1 1.008 H aliph. bond. to C with 1 electrwd. group
H2 1.008 ... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 1576,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "computational-chemistry",
"url": null
} |
entropy
For a real solid, you can have some entropy due to defects (i.e., the positions of the defects could be different = microstates).
For an ideal solid at finite temperature, without defects, the entropy derives from the vibrations / movements of the atoms. That is, the atoms will move around based on the vibrati... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 17058,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "entropy",
"url": null
} |
binary-star
Title: Do main sequence stars in binaries transfer mass by Roche lobe overflow? It is known that binary star components containing red giant can under go mass transfer when their radii exceeds the Roche limt. Do main sequence binary stars also undergo mass transfer by this mechanism? Yes. An example would ... | {
"domain": "astronomy.stackexchange",
"id": 4714,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"tags": "binary-star",
"url": null
} |
# Why both data have same standard deviation?
But I am curious why the standard deviation for both data is same. I think because data 2 is "100 - data 1".
• $var(X+a)=var(X)$ and $var(aX)=a^2var(X)$ for a real number $a$ and a random variable $X$. With those, can you prove why $var(100-X)=var(X)$ where X is your data... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.974434786819155,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.855043917276228,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8774767986961403,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 637.1869202348532,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7492038607597351,
"tags"... |
c#, algorithm, recursion, trie
// Create the trie to use for spell checking, from an array of valid words.
private static Node CreateDictTrie(string[] dictArray) {
// Create the root node of the trie.
Node root = new Node();
// For every word in the dictionary, go through all the character ... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 23695,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, algorithm, recursion, trie",
"url": null
} |
python, beginner, parsing, python-2.x, xml
def addServerDataBranch(tree, num):
obj = tree.find('.//ServerObjects/NumIccDv')
obj.text = str(num)
parent = tree.find('.//ServerDataValues')
parent.set('Count', str(num))
for val in xrange(1, num+1):
item = etree.SubElement(parent, 'Sdv')
... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 20819,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, beginner, parsing, python-2.x, xml",
"url": null
} |
dirac-equation, dirac-matrices
$$
p_\mu\gamma^\mu-m
$$
At this point, all texts I have read proceed with some concrete basis for the $\gamma^\mu$. In the Weyl basis for example, where
$$
\gamma^\mu=\begin{pmatrix}0 & \sigma^\mu \\ \bar\sigma^\mu & 0\end{pmatrix}, \quad \quad\sigma^0\equiv \bar\sigma^0 \equiv I_2, \sig... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 81025,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "dirac-equation, dirac-matrices",
"url": null
} |
electronic-configuration
Title: What does "totally reduced" mean? My textbook mentions that:
Iron is unable to be totally reduced... the most common non-zero oxidation states of iron is (o for oxidation, r for reduction) are: +2r, +3, +4o, +5o, +6o.
I thought it maybe meant going to $\ce{Fe^4+}$ (as the most reduced... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 6770,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electronic-configuration",
"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x, heap
Title: Min Heap Tree Implementation in python 3 I wrote a min-heap using a binary tree. How can I improve the time complexity of insert and delete function to be \$\mathcal{O}(log(n))\$?
'''
Min Heap Tree Implementation
'''
class Node:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
... | {
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"id": 36286,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, python-3.x, heap",
"url": null
} |
t 1 u(t) a t 1 u(t a) The first graph shows the function u(t). The identity function, denoted Id, is defined for real numbers by. If you're trying to move a simple Heaviside function left or right, try this:. f ( t ) = help (formulas) (2) Find the Laplace transform F ( s ) = L { f ( t ) }. In order to limit a function t... | {
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"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9817357237856482,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8026420635890474,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744695262775,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 676.8861870960559,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7016867995262146,
"tags... |
lowpass-filter, frequency-response, window-functions
figure(1);cla;clf
subplot(3,2,1);hold on;
plot(blackman_window,'DisplayName','Blackman')
plot(hamming_window,'DisplayName','Hamming')
plot(hanning_window,'DisplayName','Hanning')
plot(sinc_func,'DisplayName','Sinc')
legend
title('Windows and Sinc Impulse Response');... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "lowpass-filter, frequency-response, window-functions",
"url": null
} |
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