text stringlengths 49 10.4k | source dict |
|---|---|
quantum-chemistry, theoretical-chemistry, relativistic
The $p_{1/2}$ angular dependence is constant and thus already spherically symmetric with just the one orbital. For $p_{3/2}$ it is slightly more complicated. Of the two orbitals in this spinor one will have an azimuthal component of $3/2$ corresponding to the prob... | {
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"tags": "quantum-chemistry, theoretical-chemistry, relativistic",
"url": null
} |
circuits, lower-bounds, pseudo-random-generators
Title: Hardness of boolean functions For a boolean function $f:\{0,1\}^n\longrightarrow\{0,1\}$, $H_{avg}(f)$ is a function from $\mathbb{N}\longrightarrow \mathbb{N}$, termed as the average case hardness, if $\forall$ circuit $C_n$ of size $H_{avg}(f)(n)$, $Pr_{x\in U_... | {
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"tags": "circuits, lower-bounds, pseudo-random-generators",
"url": null
} |
python, web-scraping, beautifulsoup, selenium
Github for the project : https://github.com/ggrievous/8muser There's no reason to use selenium here. Instead of reaching for selenium, first try the easier path. Load the page without javascript and see if you can find any helpful information about how the images get there... | {
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"tags": "python, web-scraping, beautifulsoup, selenium",
"url": null
} |
class Solution:
def addOperators(self, num: str, target: int):
def dfs(idx, prev_operand, prev_operation, total, string):
"""
Important info:
- prev_operand is used to recursively build operands.
Eg: for 123, it will grow as follows 1 => 12 => 123 \n
- prev_operationis used to store the results of the previous operat... | {
"domain": "paulonteri.com",
"id": null,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8596637487122111,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 6090.381773024074,
"openwebmath_score": 0.30743175745010376,
"tags"... |
navigation, ekf, robot-localization, ekf-localization-node
Title: ekf_localization_node exhibits unexpected behavior
I have two instances of ekf_localization_node. The first, used for odometry, reads the x velocity (in the base_link frame) from the wheel encoder odometry topic and publishes the odom-to-base_link tran... | {
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"id": 21403,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "navigation, ekf, robot-localization, ekf-localization-node",
"url": null
} |
spectroscopy
You see an immediate problem.
The angle of diffraction is so large that the spectrum does not fall on the sensor in the camera.
So chances are that you actually need a grating of 100 lines per mm which will allow the spectrum to fall on the camera sensor and it will also mean that the spectrum will be bri... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "spectroscopy",
"url": null
} |
cosmology, universe, space-expansion, big-bang, curvature
Title: Open Big Bang-less universe? This came up in discussion around a class I'm taking. For a Universe with $\Lambda$ and matter contributions to energy density (and implicitly curvature, but no radiation), can you have a universe with open geometry ($\Omega_... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 12844,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "cosmology, universe, space-expansion, big-bang, curvature",
"url": null
} |
waves, acoustics, shock-waves
My conceptual understanding so far: (Having read this question)
I'm imagining the first oscillation of a speaker membrane (i.e. a piece of cardboard) in air, but it could be a vocal chord, a guitar string etc. The membrane imparts a certain initial velocity to the particles it hits, but t... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "waves, acoustics, shock-waves",
"url": null
} |
human-biology, hair
Title: Why do Asian people have black hair and Northern people have golden hair? I have got two questions.
Why do majority of Asian people have black hair?
Why do majority of people from the northern countries (Sweeden, Norway, Finland) have light (golden) hair? | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 6726,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "human-biology, hair",
"url": null
} |
java, beginner, formatting
Title: Justifying a string followed by a number I started practicing on HackerRank to see how my learning is going on with Java.
I wrote this code for problem which involved input having:
String with maximum length of 10, followed by
A 3 digit or lesser integer
Examples: "java 100", "Amaz... | {
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"tags": "java, beginner, formatting",
"url": null
} |
vba, error-handling
Dim RememberErrNumber As Long
Dim RememberErrDescription As String
Dim RememberErrSource As String
Dim RememberErrLine As Integer
Private Sub RememberThenClearTheErrorObject()
On Error Resume Next
' For demo purposes
Debug.Print "ERROR RAISED"
Debug.Print Err.Number
Debug.Pr... | {
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"tags": "vba, error-handling",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, kinematics, energy-conservation, rotational-dynamics
Title: Gravitational Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy When a yo-yo is released from a height $h$, the gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. However, the yo-yo obviously has less acceleration than $g$, $9.8\frac{m}{s... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 75906,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, kinematics, energy-conservation, rotational-dynamics",
"... |
r, phylogenetics, ggtree
Title: Using R `ggtree`, attach extra data next to the nodes on an illustrated tree/newick file This is really a programming question but ggtree might be too obscure for this question to be posted on StackOverFlow as a general R related question.
I am having trouble extrapolating this this tut... | {
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"id": 2439,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "r, phylogenetics, ggtree",
"url": null
} |
# Integral of a function's derivative does not equal the original function?
I am struggling with assessing the validity of this statement.
$$\int ^{x}_{a}f'\left( t\right) dt \neq f\left( x\right)$$
I can understand that the left side yields a class of functions $F(x)$ whose derivative is $f(x)$, but doesn't that me... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9822876987039989,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8227837821894851,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8376199592797929,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 218.90257779625625,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8730995059013367,
"ta... |
ros, service
Title: How do I send numpy array with ROS services?
Hi, I am writing a service in ROS and need to send 3D numpy arrays through this service. I know that for the messages there is numpy_msg, but haven't found anything similar for the services.
Thanks for the help! :D
Originally posted by GPaolo on ROS An... | {
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"tags": "ros, service",
"url": null
} |
r, rna-seq, machine-learning
This might be over simplistic but co.se without the head is your answer. Not every gene will carry a weight BTW. If the entirety of that is (700) . ... try point 2 below and then point 4. I don't think that will happen (see Whats happened)
I would redo this with alpha=0 (ridge regression)... | {
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"tags": "r, rna-seq, machine-learning",
"url": null
} |
c++, game
outfile << "Room:" << endl;
outfile << "5 2" << endl;
outfile << "country_10" << endl;
outfile << "You are in the countryside, to the north is the road & to the south is a large hill." << endl;
outfile << "null" << endl;
outfile << "Maybe go back to the road?" << endl;
outfile << "0" ... | {
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"tags": "c++, game",
"url": null
} |
formal-languages, regular-languages, context-free, pushdown-automata
Title: How to prove that if $L, G$ are regular languages then $\{w\in L|\exists x\in G: |x|=2\cdot |w|\}$ is a context-free language?
Prove that if $L, G$ are regular languages over $\{a,b,c\}$ then $H=\{w\in L|\exists x\in G: |x|=2\cdot |w|\}$ is a... | {
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"tags": "formal-languages, regular-languages, context-free, pushdown-automata",
"url": null
} |
I like to write out the steps:
g^-1(f^-1(x)) = g^-1((x-1)/2) = (((x-1)/2)+2)/3 and then simplify.
Incidentally, I'm not sure whether your book uses slightly non-standard notation, or you are just not trying to write everything just right, but what you write as fg should really be f○g, using the symbol for composition... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9777138190064203,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8126200495962483,
"lm_q2_score": 0.831143054132195,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 709.2376829933124,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8134908080101013,
"tags"... |
c#, performance
public Dictionary<string, ProfileData> Children { get; private set; }
public ProfileData parent { get; private set; }
public ProfileData(string name, int cleanInterval)
{
Children = new Dictionary<string, ProfileData>();
parent = null;
this.name = name;
this... | {
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"tags": "c#, performance",
"url": null
} |
# Can intersection of two manifolds be $xy=0$
I know that if two manifolds intersect transversally then their intersection is a manifold. But I was trying to construct an example where the intersection is not a manifold. But I still do not see how intersection of two manifolds cannot be a manifold. It would be great, ... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9820137942490252,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8327160376919317,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8479677602988602,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 147.20604059113793,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9216842651367188,
"ta... |
waves, acoustics, harmonics
Title: Fractional harmonics in musical Instruments I recently did some Fourier transforms on different audio files containing saxophone or trumpet (John Coltrane/Clifford Brown).
I found that with the saxophone, the frequency spectrum occasionally contained half-integer and even quarter-int... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
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"tags": "waves, acoustics, harmonics",
"url": null
} |
# Subsets of equal size and equal sum
Given a set of $$n$$ distinct (real) numbers and an integer $$k$$, what is the maximum number of subsets of size $$k$$ such that they all have the same sum?
Note that we are not specifying the sum.
For example, if we have $$\{1,2,...,2n+1\}$$, and $$k=2$$, we can do $$1+(2n+1)=2... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9854964203086181,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.808001941072138,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8198933293122507,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 231.82458882878342,
"openwebmath_score": 0.917402446269989,
"tags... |
general-relativity, mass, adm-formalism
$$
ds^2 = - \left(1-\frac{2m}{r}\right)dt^2 + 2\sqrt{\frac{2m}{r}}dtdr + dr^2 + r^2 d\Omega^2.
$$
In this case, we cannot define an ADM mass, but we also "know" that if we could transform coordinates to, e.g. Schwarzchild coordinates, we could then determine "the" ADM mass of th... | {
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"id": 81399,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, mass, adm-formalism",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, operators, momentum, hamiltonian, differentiation
Title: Why operator of kinetic energy has a double derivative instead of square of single derivative? I know that operator for $p = {h\over i} {d\over dx}$.
so $p = {h\over i} {d\psi\over dx}$ where $\psi$ is the wave function.
So, $T$ (kinetic energ... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, operators, momentum, hamiltonian, differentiation",
"url": nu... |
np-complete, np-hard, np
In this problem, we disallow opposite arcs like $(u,v)$ and $(v,u)$ to be both present in the arc set, i.e. either one of them or none.
$\DeclareMathOperator{\dist}{dist}$An equidistant vertex set is a set of vertices $V'\subseteq V$ such that for every two ordered pairs of vertices $u, v\in V... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "np-complete, np-hard, np",
"url": null
} |
java, strings, search, rags-to-riches, trie
public class Namer extends JFrame {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -7954710587171367489L;
public static void main(String[] args) {
NameFilter filter = new NameFilter();
populateRandomNames(filter, 10000);
Namer namer = new Name... | {
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"id": 11958,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, strings, search, rags-to-riches, trie",
"url": null
} |
convection
Title: Calculating heat transfer coefficient from cooling rate of a block? If I have a cube of metal with known surface area and time to cool from $T_2$ to $T_1$, determined experimentally. Can I calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient, h of this situation from this?
Seen as h is the rate of tran... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "convection",
"url": null
} |
lua
Title: Suffixing numeric values This is a part of my Factorio mod Visual Signals.
This code takes a numeric value as input and returns a string for the value, for example:
-12 --> -12
1 --> 1
50 --> 50
999 --> 999
1500 --> 1.5k
24999 --> 24.9k
123456 --> 123k
1234567 --> 1.2M
12345678 --> 12M
123456789 --> 123M
12... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "lua",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, forces, acceleration, vectors, notation
Title: Does $F$ represent a number or a vector? If $F = ma$ and $F$ and $a$ are vectors, then how can $F$ and $a$ be given singular numbers as values? For example, $a = 10\ \mathrm{\frac{m}{s^2}}$ and $F = 20\ \mathrm{N}$. Are these singular numbers the leng... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, forces, acceleration, vectors, notation",
"url": null
} |
javascript, node.js, mongodb, express.js, mongoose
routes/song-router.js
const express = require('express')
const control = require('../controllers/song-control.js')
const router = express.Router()
router.use(express.json())
router
.route('/')
.get(control.getAll)
.post(control.postOne)
router
.route('/:so... | {
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"id": 39333,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, node.js, mongodb, express.js, mongoose",
"url": null
} |
physical-chemistry, electrochemistry, halogens
Title: Is the electric conductivity of chlorine ions influenced by its oxidation state? I'm a high school student researching the conductivity of electrolyte solutions. In this excerpt of the CRC Handbook, I noticed that different ions containing chlorine have different l... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "physical-chemistry, electrochemistry, halogens",
"url": null
} |
performance, bash, converting, sed
# Replace all the "FAIL" lines with appropriate memory sets.
sed -rie 's/^FAIL$/mw FAIL 1/' "$FILE"
# For each discrete set of test variables, read in the file responsible for actually running a single test round.
# 7~1 - Skip the first 7 lines of the file
# s/^$/ - If this ... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "performance, bash, converting, sed",
"url": null
} |
ds.algorithms, reference-request, exp-time-algorithms
Title: NP-hard problems with very fast exponential-time algorithms NP-hard problems with very fast exact exponential-time algorithms, say with $O(1.01^n)$ time, are very rare.
Is any fact like
"For any constant $\epsilon>0$ there is an NP-hard 'natural' problem $... | {
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"id": 4828,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ds.algorithms, reference-request, exp-time-algorithms",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, quantum-spin, group-theory, lie-algebra, representation-theory
The operators (that act on states) form a group and have a group algebra.
Raising and lowering operators are constructed. There is a $j=1$ and $j=1/2$ representation of the rotation group.
Addition of spin operators is defined and spli... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, quantum-spin, group-theory, lie-algebra, representation-theory"... |
c#, performance, linq, collections
Codes:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var Connections = new List<Tuple<string, List<string>>>()
{
new Tuple<string, List<string>>("O1", new List<string>(){ "P1", "P2" }),
new Tuple<string, List<string>>("O2", new List... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, performance, linq, collections",
"url": null
} |
java, array, serialization
I would like to know if it can be improved in any way. As you can see right now, I am allocating ByteBuffer with predefined size of 70000. Is there a better way by which I can allocate the size I am using while making ByteBuffer instead of using a hardcoded 70000? A minor aesthetics advice
Y... | {
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ros
core service [/rosout] found
process[arbotix-1]: started with pid [16038]
process[robot_state_publisher-2]: started with pid [16039]
[ERROR] [1364446895.621811044]: No name given for the robot.
[ERROR] [1364446895.622006176]: Could not generate robot model
[ERROR] [1364446895.622057192]: Failed to extract kdl tree... | {
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of a circle and therefore its area is a fraction of the area of the whole circle. com Area and Perimeter of Circle and Semi-Circle Perimeter. 1) A circle has a radius of 5 cm. Area of rectangle = 4 × 8 = 32 m² A circle of radius 8 cm is cut into 6 parts of equal size, as shown in the diagram. A button is made in the sh... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.544926106929779,
"tags": ... |
python, python-3.x, game
self.save.close()
else:
self.level = 1
self.experience = 0
self.experienceNeeded = 10
self.rank = 1
self.rankPoints = 0
self.rankPointsNeeded = 10
self.attributePoints = 0
... | {
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"tags": "python, python-3.x, game",
"url": null
} |
organic-chemistry, elimination
Accordingly, the first step of the gem-dihalocyclopropane (I) with alkyllithium can be depicted as a halogen-lithium inter-conversion with formation of a 1-lithio-1-halocyclopropane derivative II. The reaction is dependent on the nature of both halide and the lithium reagent, but its mec... | {
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"tags": "organic-chemistry, elimination",
"url": null
} |
telescope, amateur-observing
But, you made some interest for the astrophotography!
Astrophotography
There doesn't exist any telescope that would naturally enable photographing using a smartphone. Fortunately, there exist special adapters. But you must know that the light reflects on the primary mirror (1), reflects on... | {
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"tags": "telescope, amateur-observing",
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newtonian-mechanics, classical-mechanics, rotational-dynamics, rigid-body-dynamics
Title: Rotation of a rigid body I am dealing with the motion of rigid bodies and in studying it I came up with some questions about the nature of rotation.
(1) Does a rotation always have to happen about one fixed axis?
(2) Is there a... | {
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ros, messages, roscpp
Title: Understanding the messages API
Hello everyone.
I read the very good tutorials on messages/services and publishers/subscribers. I am currently using roscpp but I guess this question is not limited to it.
After going through the tutorials, I wanted to apply what I learnt to MoveIt: generate... | {
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c++, performance, beginner, palindrome, c++20
This change was performance-neutral on my system.
is_palindrome_char() really ought to use std::size_t i to fully match the type of size/2. On the other hand, we can use what we know about the number of digits in our integer types to use a smaller (and faster) type there... | {
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c++, image, template, classes, c++20
template<typename ElementT>
constexpr bool is_height_same(const Cube<ElementT>& x, const Cube<ElementT>& y)
{
return x.getSizeY() == y.getSizeY();
}
template<typename ElementT>
constexpr bool is_height_same(const Cube<ElementT>& x, const Cube<Elemen... | {
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image-processing, edge-detection, color, canny-edge-detector
Title: What's the best technique to determine if the contents of two images are the same? I need to run comparisons on the output of hundreds of frames of simple 3D-rendered characters. Perceptually, many of the frames are exact duplicates. Based on this, I ... | {
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"url": null
} |
For the second use the formula for square pyramidal numbers as well:
$$\sum_{i=1}^{99}(6i^2+2i) = 6\sum_{i=1}^{99}i^2+2\sum_{i=1}^{99}i$$ $$= 6\frac 1 6 99(99+1)(198+1) + 2\frac{99(99+1)}{2}$$ $$= (198+1+1)99(99+1) = 200\cdot100\cdot 99$$ $$= 1980000$$
hint
For $|x|<1$,
$$\sum_0^\infty x^n=1/(1-x)$$
by differentia... | {
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"tag... |
3. ## Re: Epsilon Delta Proof
Hello, pessimist92. Your procedure is correct if you want to construct an epsilon-delta proof. It gives you a formula so that for any given epsilon, you can construct a delta that works. But the question asked for the *largest* delta that works for this particular epsilon, so you need to ... | {
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"ta... |
algorithms, optimization, dynamic-programming
int solution = determineMaxReward(array, 5, 3);
// The solution (max amount of money player A can win) is 10.
My current unproven (in the sense of optimality) approach:
For each object, I compute the minimal number of picks player A needs to make in order to finish that ... | {
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"tags": "algorithms, optimization, dynamic-programming",
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} |
quantum-field-theory, terminology, vacuum, virtual-particles
I do want an answer if there is one; I don't intend merely to generate discussion. But I think my question may be hard to answer because it touches on unresolved interpretational issues to do with the quantum measurement problem, and on the physics of symmet... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, terminology, vacuum, virtual-particles",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, rotational-kinematics, rigid-body-dynamics
However, if a rigid body has linear movement and rotation simultaneously, and we want to calculate it's kinetic energy, we need to be careful when using the formula:
$$ E_k = \frac{1}{2}M V^2 + \frac{1}{2} I \omega^2,$$
where $\mat... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, rotational-kinematics, rigid-body-dyna... |
classical-mechanics, electricity, electric-circuits, capacitance
Title: Which makes for a better equivalent capacitor? In series or in parrallel? I understand how capacitors in series and in parallel work. However, I am wondering if it makes a difference, in terms of making a better capacitor that can store more charg... | {
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"tags": "classical-mechanics, electricity, electric-circuits, capacitance",
"url": null
} |
ros, gps, package
Title: I have errors trying to catkinize MIDG II package
I am trying to catkinize a package I found on Github to run my "Microrobotics MIDG II INS/GPS" sensor on ROS.
I used "catkinize" and follwed the instructions to edit my CMakeList and package files.
After finishing all steps I am getting this e... | {
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"tags": "ros, gps, package",
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navigation, differential-drive, dwa, planner, move-base
Originally posted by David Lu with karma: 10932 on 2015-06-23
This answer was ACCEPTED on the original site
Post score: 0
Original comments
Comment by DavidPortugal on 2015-06-24:
Yes, I am aware of that, thanks.
The issue is: What is causing the generation of i... | {
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"tags": "navigation, differential-drive, dwa, planner, move-base",
"url": null
} |
signal-analysis, time-domain
Title: How to find duration of signal from spectral domain? I have spectral domain and I have to find duration of this signal (in time domain). How I can find? When you convert a signal from time-domain to frequency-domain for a particular duration, you are basically integrating out over t... | {
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"tags": "signal-analysis, time-domain",
"url": null
} |
performance, algorithm, parsing, regex, go
Title: Parsing shortcodes out of a string I wrote this shortcode parsing and it runs in \$O(N^2)\$. Is there a way to better optimize this?
package shortcodes
import (
"regexp"
"strings"
)
var (
shortcodesRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`\[\... | {
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quantum-field-theory, greens-functions
$$
(Note: taking the limit here gives a version of a Kramers–Kronig relation you ask about)
$A(\omega)$ is real and non-negative for Fermions (exercise left for reader) so the second term has no imaginary part and can be dropped. The first term is $-i\pi$ times a nascent delta fu... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, greens-functions",
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# Thread: Most likely of two examples
1. ## Most likely of two examples
Hi My instructor gave us two examples and posed a question:
We have a fair coin which is more likely?
1. We flip the coin 100 times and see exactly 50 heads.
2. We flip the coin 1000 times and see exactly 500 heads.
Someone in the class said ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9394447207450867,
"tags... |
javascript, homework
Answer to this is:
"Hungry? Grab a Snicker!" Very neat project! Good work. You are correct that there are several improvements that can be made.
What is tempA? tempB? From the name I have absolutely no information about what is included in the arrays. Rename them to something useful.
currentE... | {
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quantum-mechanics, schroedinger-equation, time-evolution, unitarity
Title: On the expression of evolution operator for a time-independent Hamiltonian in quantum mechanics Given the TDSE for the evolution operator $U(t,t_0)$:
$$
{\displaystyle i\hbar {\frac {d}{dt}}U(t, t_0)={\hat {H}}U(t,t_0)}
$$
and assuming a time-i... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, schroedinger-equation, time-evolution, unitarity",
"url": nul... |
safety, food-chemistry
Title: Why is use of calcium carbide as an artificial fruit ripening agent banned? Fruits like mangoes can be ripened using agents like ethylene, acetylene or calcium carbide. Of these, the latter is dangerous and is banned in most countries. Wikipedia says it is because calcium carbide has trac... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "safety, food-chemistry",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, magnetostatics
Title: Direction of Integration in Biot Savart's Law (Line Integral) Let's say we have a loop with a clockwise current, and my angle increases in the counter-clockwise direction (that is, $\hat{\phi}$ is counter-clockwise).
I have $$B=\frac{\mu_{0} i\vec{dl} \times \vec{r}}{4 \pi |\vec... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetism, magnetostatics",
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} |
bond, quantum-chemistry, molecular-orbital-theory
For example, the fact that $\ce{He2}$ molecule is not formed can be explained from its MO diagram, which shows that the number of electrons in antibonding and bonding molecular orbitals is the same, and since the destabilizing energy of the antibonding MO is greater th... | {
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"tags": "bond, quantum-chemistry, molecular-orbital-theory",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, black-holes, lagrangian-formalism, action, stability
However, the answer to question 1) is yes for subextremal black holes, and in the exterior and on the horizon (things get funny at Cauchy horizons and curvature singularities). This is known analytically for Kerr black holes (Whiting 1989) and Re... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity, black-holes, lagrangian-formalism, action, stability",
"url"... |
quantum-mechanics, hilbert-space
Title: QM formalism is one big confusion - lack of geometrical explaination with images I have been trying to learn QM and it went well (all untill harmonic oscilator) until i had to face the formalism:
Hilbert space- As a novice to QM i am very sad that in none of the books i have r... | {
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javascript, beginner, google-apps-script
One last transformation. setBackground() returns a cell, so you can chain the calls together like this. (Note that I like chaining, but I might have taken it too far and made it less clear by getting rid of the cell variable.)
function fillInTeam(value, numbers){
var dataRang... | {
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si-units, metrology
Amount of substance
International System of Quantities (including a PDF from BIPM linked at bottom, which only confirms that "amount of substance" is one of the base quantities)
Mole (unit) (including the PDF from IUPAC mentioned above) So, here's the thing. The chemistry that underlies molar mass ... | {
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"tags": "si-units, metrology",
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} |
c++, c++11, pointers, interface
Title: Mario Party Snake and Ladders Board Context
Was inspired from this LeetCode post to do my own System Design exercise of the common Snake and Ladders problem. As I was writing the code Mario Party kept coming to mind so I added a little fun theme to it.
Feedback
Did I make the app... | {
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"tags": "c++, c++11, pointers, interface",
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} |
general-relativity, spacetime, differential-geometry, wormholes
Resources: General Relativity Lecture Notes by Sean M. Carroll and the arXiv research paper Passing The Einstein-Rosen Bridge, by M. O. Katanaev, published at Mod. Phys. Lett. A 29, 17, 1450090 (2014). The research paper was an excellent read, and I defin... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity, spacetime, differential-geometry, wormholes",
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dna, bacteriology, dna-replication
DnaA is a protein with DNA-binding activity. When many DnaA bind at the oriC, it causes the DNA to bend open and loop. At this point, DnaB would have access to the DNA, and this is the helicase that unwinds everything for replication (you'll also see that DnaB must be loaded onto the... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "dna, bacteriology, dna-replication",
"url": null
} |
machine-learning, python, xgboost, overfitting, classifier
Your classes are imbalance, so the model does the fit/prediction in favor of majority class.
To overcome this issue, you must perform over/under-sampling to eliminate possible issues caused by imbalance classes. You can use imbalanced-learn library in this re... | {
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"tags": "machine-learning, python, xgboost, overfitting, classifier",
"url": null
} |
ros
Title: Help with calling a ros method
Hi everyone, I have been trying to convert the following code on this tutorial link:text into .cpp and .h files. This is not an algorithm question as the code works when it is all in one .cpp file. Here is what I have so far in my .cpp file:
//Code from http://siddhantah... | {
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"tags": "ros",
"url": null
} |
ros-melodic
Why there is a linear_acceleration in X direction x=1.9 ?
Originally posted by Ahmed_Desoky on ROS Answers with karma: 23 on 2020-08-25
Post score: 0
If you see the norm of the linear_acceleration, norm(x: 1.93930334473, y: 0.0191536132812, z: 9.28710823975) = 9.4874, (reasonable). Also, as you see t... | {
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"tags": "ros-melodic",
"url": null
} |
neural-network
Title: Why is the input to an activation function a linear combination of the input features? I'm new to deep learning, and there is something about the calculations I do not understand:
For a standard neural network, why is it that only the activation function is not linear, but the input to the activa... | {
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} |
Hint: note that $a\times b$ is perpendicular to all linear combinations of $a$ and $b$.
More: Find a linear combination of $a$ and $b$ that matches $\langle5,t-1,2\rangle$ in the first and last places:
$a+2b=(5,1,2)$; therefore, $(5,1,2)$ is perpendicular to $a\times b$; that is, $t=2$.
Alternatively: Expand and sol... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9766692325496974,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8030068207346633,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9024705290794373,
"ta... |
• why the power 3? what is the motivation behind ? Dec 28 '19 at 20:16
• in this case, you could perhaps mention the solution for k=2 in your question; this could be of interest to solve the other cases. Dec 28 '19 at 20:42
• I understand you're asking for general $X$, but if we restrict to binary-valued (indicator) $X... | {
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"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9848109529751892,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8028498913664193,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8152324960856177,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 96.3396247904968,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9374679327011108,
"tags... |
c++, algorithm, sorting, template-meta-programming, radix-sort
I have started using the new using style to declare type synonyms.
using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<RandomIt>::value_type;
Initialize to zero automatically
You can declare and initialize thes buckets using one line (no need for the fol... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 18626,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, algorithm, sorting, template-meta-programming, radix-sort",
"url": null
... |
evolution, natural-selection
In fact since civilization has started feeding the hungry, making the hunting of wild beasts less important, causing the shrinkage of the male physique (we used to be much more muscular), inventing medicine and schools where smarts can be selected for, and giving us all more choice when it... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 2892,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "evolution, natural-selection",
"url": null
} |
python, modules, dynamic-loading
So it works as expected, but pkg/__init__.py is pretty terrible looking. How can it be better? Since the classes are all subclasses of _MyBase, they can be accessed via _MyBase.__subclasses__() after they have been imported:
for (module_loader, name, ispkg) in pkgutil.iter_modules([pkg... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 10679,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, modules, dynamic-loading",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, momentum, symmetry, lie-algebra
where $\tilde \psi$ is the corresponding momentum-space wavefunction. A momentum-space translation $p\mapsto p+q$ looks like this:
$$\psi(x) \mapsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\hbar}}\int \mathrm dp \ e^{ipx/\hbar}\tilde \psi(p+q) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\hbar}} \int \mathrm dp... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, momentum, symmetry, lie-algebra",
"url": null
} |
java, algorithm, matrix
while(sr<=r-2&&sc<=c-2)
{prev=arr[sr][sc];
res=arr[sr+1][sc];
for(i=sr+1;i<=r-2;++i)
{
arr[i][sc]=prev;
prev=res;
res=arr[i+1][sc];
}
for(i=sc;i<=c-2;++i)
{
arr[r-1][i]=prev;
... | {
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"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, algorithm, matrix",
"url": null
} |
c#, wpf
Title: Go Back with More Detail I have a Back function, and it is growing. I also think this is terrible, but I don't seem to get how it can be improved:
public void GoBack()
{
NavButtonUsed = true;
Forward.Insert(0, Back[0]);
Back.RemoveAt(0);
if (Back[0].Title.StartsWith(" ") && CurrentIte... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 11900,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, wpf",
"url": null
} |
classical-mechanics, lagrangian-formalism, normal-modes, homework-and-exercises
As a note, I am just on part (b) now.
For setup, I represented the carts with the location of the edges of the carts that are connected to the spring with the coordinates $x_1$ and $x_2$ and gave the spring an equilibrium length $L$.
This... | {
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"tags": "classical-mechanics, lagrangian-formalism, normal-modes, homework-and-exercises",
... |
nuclear-physics, atoms, bose-einstein-condensate, bosons, pauli-exclusion-principle
On the other hand, a Helium atom is a composite object. Made of fermions, which will indeed experience Pauli repulsion. As long as your energy is lower than what would be needed to probe the internal structure of the atom, then you can... | {
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"tags": "nuclear-physics, atoms, bose-einstein-condensate, bosons, pauli-exclusion-principl... |
galaxy, space-time, time
The only caveat to the above approach is that pulsars can "glitch". Normally the pulse rate decays smoothly, but every once in a while a pulsar might just glitch and quickly change pulse rates. It is unclear exactly why these glitches occur and they're unpredictable so you have to make the ass... | {
"domain": "astronomy.stackexchange",
"id": 2507,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "galaxy, space-time, time",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, quantum-entanglement, cold-atoms
Why can we simply neglect all the other energy levels that are between $|g\rangle$ and $|r\rangle$ and assume that these two form a two-level system?
Why isn't observing the probability of detecting 0 or 1 atom in the Rydberg state enough to certify entanglement? If ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, quantum-entanglement, cold-atoms",
"url": null
} |
beginner, programming-challenge, converting, powershell
Though if you do that, you'd have to replace $hive.$hiveName with something more like "$($hive[$hiveName]):" later on.
You have a few switch statements where the only cases are $true and $false. It'd probably be clearer to just make those into if statements.
You ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "beginner, programming-challenge, converting, powershell",
"url": null
} |
human-biology, biochemistry, dna, pcr, organic-chemistry
Visualization
We usually make DNA visible by using chemical dyes that emit light (fluorophores) or incorporated radioactive pieces to make the DNA visible.
Here's a common case in the lab: we need to get enough DNA to use in subsequent reactions. When we work wi... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "human-biology, biochemistry, dna, pcr, organic-chemistry",
"url": null
} |
java, xml
Title: Rewrite XML generator in Java I was given a program that generates XML, filters and sorts the elements. The program was rather terrible on purpose because it is an assignment. The original output looked like the following: | {
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"id": 29860,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, xml",
"url": null
} |
mass, acceleration
Title: Acceleration in the absence of forces In the problem attached above, the free body diagram only includes forces in the vertical direction. If there is no net force in the horizontal direction the horizontal acceleration of all points on the bar should be zero. But this is not the case since p... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "mass, acceleration",
"url": null
} |
c++, generics, template, c++14, polymorphism
main.cpp
#include "channel.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
int main() {
// User-defined channels.
auto c1 = Channel{Channel::create<int >("ints :")};
auto c2 = Channel{Channel::create<char>("chars :")};
// Sample data.
auto v1 = std::vector<int>{1, 2,... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, generics, template, c++14, polymorphism",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, forces, friction, free-body-diagram
Title: In a system of stacked blocks with friction, how can the top block have no acceleration? Suppose I have a block of mass $m$ on top of a block of mass $M $. Friction exists between them. I apply a force $F$ on the top block. The equations of motion are thu... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, forces, friction, free-body-diagram",
"url": null
} |
complexity-theory, reductions
Title: Are there complete problems for P and NP under other kinds of reductions? I know that the complexity class $\mathsf{P}$ has complete problems w.r.t. $\mathsf{NC}$ and $\mathsf{L}$ reductions.
Are these two classes the only possible classes of reductions under which $\mathsf{P}$ has... | {
"domain": "cs.stackexchange",
"id": 276,
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"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "complexity-theory, reductions",
"url": null
} |
java, sql, comparative-review, constants
Furthermore, it would be a tragedy to expose these SQL fragments in your interface.
A 'query builder' can be further extended to validate parts of the query during its construction, in addition to hiding away the query fragments while exposing (arguably) readable method names ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, sql, comparative-review, constants",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, differentiation, geometry, approximations, calculus
Title: Change in areal element
Example 1.7
Calculate the surface integral of $\mathbf{v}=2xz\hat{\mathbf{x}}+(x+2)\hat{\mathbf{y}}+y(z^2-3)\hat{\mathbf{z}}$ over five sides (excluding the bottom) of the cubical box (side 2) in Fig. 1.23. Let ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, differentiation, geometry, approximations, calculus",
"u... |
python, performance
if fail_cause is None:
fail_cause = await get_random_fail_cause()
new_attrs['fail_cause'] = fail_cause
data.append(user.copy(update=new_attrs))
return data | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, performance",
"url": null
} |
condensed-matter, topological-order, topological-insulators, topological-phase, emergent-properties
Title: Can a nondegenerate fermionic topological Mott insulator (TMI) state support an emergent bosonic topological order? Based on my recent study and motivated by a recent paper, I have a naive question.
Consider a 2... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "condensed-matter, topological-order, topological-insulators, topological-phase, em... |
html, css
<section class="main-section" id="Creating_hyperlinks">
<header>
<h2>Creating hyperlinks</h2>
</header>
<p>
Hyperlinks are really important — they are what
... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 35958,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "html, css",
"url": null
} |
game, ocaml, snake-game
let key_to_direction_1 button_pressed = match button_pressed with
| 'q' -> Some Left
| 'd' -> Some Right
| 'z' -> Some Up
| 's' -> Some Down
| _ -> None
let key_to_direction_2 button_pressed = match button_pressed with
| 'j' -> Some Left
| 'l' -> Some Right
| 'i' -> Some Up
... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 37424,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "game, ocaml, snake-game",
"url": null
} |
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