text stringlengths 49 10.4k | source dict |
|---|---|
quantum-mechanics, mathematical-physics, operators, hilbert-space, dirac-delta-distributions
http://motls.blogspot.com/2014/02/cardinality-of-bases-doesnt-matter-for.html?m=1
So for example, a particle on the line is described by the Hilbert space of complex-valued functions $\psi(x)$ which may be constructed out of ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, mathematical-physics, operators, hilbert-space, dirac-delta-dis... |
homework-and-exercises, electromagnetism, special-relativity
Title: Confusion on Lorentz Factor for a line charge density The question is from Griffith's Introduction to Electrodynamics, the chapter on Special Relativity: | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, electromagnetism, special-relativity",
"url": null
} |
So if $$(m_1, n_1) \ne (m_2 n_2)$$ then either $$n_1 \ne n_2$$ or $$m_1 \ne m_2$$ (or both). In either case then $$(2m_1-1)2^{n_1} \ne (2m_2-1)2^{n_2}$$.
So $$f$$ is injective.
A) is true, B) is false, C) is false (as bijective implies surjective) and D) is false (it is one of the above). | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9896718473283829,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8939648436531956,
"lm_q2_score": 0.9032942041005328,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 133.04482498097448,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8663015961647034,
"ta... |
ros
}
this works, the message is send to the Linux computer, but as mentioned I want to use a timer in my vb.net application, so the message can be updated. So I changed the function above
Here is the code of the message which throws the error "Sync with device lost"
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void __stdcall Pub... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros",
"url": null
} |
gazebo-1.4
-- ----------------------------------------
-- BUILD WARNINGS
-- **CEGUI-OGRE not found, opengl GUI will be disabled.**
-- **Failed to find OGRE's plugin directory. The build will succeed, but gazebo will likely fail to run.**
-- **Player not found, gazebo plugin for player will not be built.**
-- ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "gazebo-1.4",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, radiation, thermal-radiation, thermal-conductivity
Title: Do conventional ovens heat by thermal conduction or radiation? I am curious which energy transfer mechanism dominates in a conventional oven, thermal conduction or thermal radiation?
A naive guess would be that early on, when the food is still c... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, radiation, thermal-radiation, thermal-conductivity",
"url": null... |
stoichiometry
The unit of molecule here will cancel out, leaving me with
$$\frac{18.015u \cdot 6.022 \cdot 10^{23}}{mol}$$
or since $6.022 \cdot 10^{23} \cdot 1u = 1$g,
$$\frac{18.015u \cdot 6.022 \cdot 10^{23}}{mol} \cdot \frac{1g}{6.022 \cdot 10^{23}u} = \frac{18.015g}{mol}$$
So my question is, can I add the "unit" ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "stoichiometry",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, forces
Title: A double-sided lever and multiple forces Assume a double-sided lever where the left arm has a length of a and the right arm has a length of b + c. Please refer to this link for a picture.
a, b, c and F are known and F1, F2 and F3 are not. How do I find the F1, F2 and F3 forces?
ED... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, forces",
"url": null
} |
java, console
return true;
}
/**
* Handles the command starting with "new".
* @param words the token array.
*/
private void handleNew(String[] words) {
if (words.length < 3) {
error("Cannot parse 'new' command.");
return;
}
if (words.length >... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, console",
"url": null
} |
memory-access, performance, matrix-multiplication
Title: Are there absolute reasons to prefer row/column-major memory ordering? I've heard it said that "fortran uses column-major ordering because it's faster" but I'm not sure that's true. Certainly, matching column-major data to a column-major implementation will outp... | {
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"tags": "memory-access, performance, matrix-multiplication",
"url": null
} |
The surface $S$ is not the entire boundary of $V$. To use the divergence theorem, you have to close up $S$ by adding the top and bottom disks. Let \begin{align*} S_1 &= \left\{(x,y,1)\mid x^2 + y^2 \leq 1 \right\} \\ S_0 &= \left\{(x,y,0)\mid x^2 + y^2 \leq 1 \right\} \\ \end{align*} So as surfaces, $$\partial V = S \c... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9869795114181106,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.820321161357824,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8311430499496096,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 194.34783291717503,
"openwebmath_score": 1.000003695487976,
"tags... |
javascript, performance, sqlite
/// <summary>
/// Open a Specific SqLite Database
/// </summary>
/// <parameters>
/// Database Model Object (define in app)
/// </parameters>
///<observation>
/// Init Handler for Begining transactions
///</observation>
... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, performance, sqlite",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, waves, electric-fields, notation
Notice that both these sections discuss an "electric field with only an $\hat{x}$ component" and "uniform in $x$ and $y$." This is written as $E_x$. But, beyond just being written as $E_x$, what precisely is this (mathematically)? Is this just an electric field with o... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electromagnetism, waves, electric-fields, notation",
"url": null
} |
quantum-algorithms, mathematics, shors-algorithm
powers of $2$ agree: if they are all $1$, then $r$ is $1$, then $r$ is odd and $\frac{r}{2}$ does not exist; if they are all equal and larger than $1$, then $x^{\frac{r}{2}} \equiv -1 \pmod n$ since $x^{\frac{r}{2}} \equiv -1 \pmod {p_i^{a_i}}$ for every $i$. | {
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"tags": "quantum-algorithms, mathematics, shors-algorithm",
"url": null
} |
equilibrium
Title: Why is equilibrium achieved at different stages of a reaction? In other words, I want to know why some reactions attain equilibrium early in the reaction while some reactions obtain equilibrium at the end of the reaction.
Why is this the case? If you define early or end of reaction by the how much t... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "equilibrium",
"url": null
} |
ros, action-server
self._feedback.feedback.header.seq = 1
self._as.publish_feedback(self._feedback.feedback)
if success:
self._result.header = self._feedback.header
rospy.loginfo('%s: Succeeded' % self._action_name)
self._as.set_succeed... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, action-server",
"url": null
} |
c++, strings, template, stl, casting
And now for the last case. For raw pointer types we can just wrap it into an appropriate string type and call one of our above string functions. We have to overload string_cast here because our base form accepts a reference type. Since reference types to arrays do not decay into a ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, strings, template, stl, casting",
"url": null
} |
javascript, jquery
$('span.defensive').text(total_def);
$('span.spent').text(spent_points);
}
console.log(this.i);
} else if (
$(this).is($(':nth-child(9)'))
|| $(this).is($(':nth-child(10)'))
|| $(this).is($(':nth-child(11)'))
... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, jquery",
"url": null
} |
comparison, terminology, papers, variational-autoencoder, aevb-algorithm
The AEVB algorithm stochastically estimates the gradient of the objective function, i.e. the Evidence Lower BOund (ELBO) (equation 3). They propose 2 estimators (equations 6 and 7), of the ELBO (not its gradient, which is computed automatically b... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "comparison, terminology, papers, variational-autoencoder, aevb-algorithm",
"url": null... |
python, unit-testing
A = ListArray(a)
B = ListArray(b)
Res1 = ListArray(res1)
Res2 = ListArray(res2)
assert(A*A == Res1)
assert(A*B == Res2)
def test_arra_length(self):
A = ListArray(self.a)
assert A.size[0] == len(A)
assert A.size[0] == 4
a... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, unit-testing",
"url": null
} |
ros-melodic
add_message_files(
DIRECTORY msg
FILES
InBoundingBox.msg
WindowSize.msg)
generate_messages(DEPENDENCIES std_msgs)
catkin_package(
CATKIN_DEPENDS
message_runtime
roscpp
pcl_ros
autoware_msgs
tf
)
include_directories(
${autoware_msgs_INCLUDE_DIRS}
${catkin... | {
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"tags": "ros-melodic",
"url": null
} |
filter-design, frequency-response, linear-phase, symmetry
You can always come arbitrarily close with a symmetric filter using FIR filter synthesis. However, you will never get spot-on with a finite-length filter, and the closer you get, in general, the longer your filter will need to be. | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
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"tags": "filter-design, frequency-response, linear-phase, symmetry",
"url": null
} |
data-mining
Title: What kind of research can be done with an email data set? I found a data set called Enron Email Dataset. It is possibly the only substantial collection of "real" email that is public. I found some prior analysis of this work:
A paper describing the Enron data was presented at the 2004 CEAS conferen... | {
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"id": 2286,
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"tags": "data-mining",
"url": null
} |
722 722 889 778 778 778 778 667 667 667 778 778 500 722 722 611 833 278 500 833 833 667 611 611 611 500 444 667 556 611 333 444 556 556 667 500 500 667 667 500 611 444 500 667 611 556 444 444 333 278 1000 667 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250... | {
"domain": "seops.net",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9822877038891777,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8120688341696254,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117983401363,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 423.0310035213328,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8840489387512207,
"tags": ... |
ros2
Title: Selecting log level in ROS2 launch file
Nodes defined in launch file have the INFO log level as a default value
I would like to know how to change it so that it also logs DEBUG level strings or other types of logging.
launch_ros.actions.Node(package='demo_nodes_cpp', node_executable='talker', output='scre... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros2",
"url": null
} |
c++
class float3 {
public:
float x,y,z;
};
class float4 {
public:
float a,b,c,d;
float norm() const{
return sqrt(a*a+b*b+c*c);
}
};
typedef float4 plane;
class sphere {
public:
float3 posi... | {
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"tags": "c++",
"url": null
} |
Each column and row corresponds to one state. After $n$ trials, the entries of $M^{n}$ give the probability of getting from state $j$ (column) to state $i$ (row) in $n$ trials. The rightmost column corresponds to the state $I$ and the only entry is $1$ in the right lower corner. This means that once we are in state $I$... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9766692352660528,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8339903154092709,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8539127529517043,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 423.35976557385357,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6699210405349731,
"ta... |
ds.data-structures
To find an element, recurse in both halves, using binary search
when the array is full. (This should be efficient since there are
at most $O(\log(n))$ ascending fragments).
The structure can be thought as a static version of mergesort.
It's not clear what one should do to erase an element.
Edit: aft... | {
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"tags": "ds.data-structures",
"url": null
} |
lambda-calculus
Title: Lambda calculus :difficulty in getting hang of induction and conversion I am going through the book on lambda calculus by Hindley and Seldin .
They introduce the syntactic equivalence of expressions and proving them by a technique named "induction" , which has not been directly defined in the bo... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "lambda-calculus",
"url": null
} |
rotational-dynamics, rotation
Title: Is angular acceleration same about all points of a rotating ball? Suppose a ball is rotating due to force $F$ applied at its top (on a rough ground).There is pure rolling.
In one case we write the equation w.r.t COM i.e $F.R=I(\alpha_1)$ and $F-f=ma$ and $a=R\alpha$.
Now if we writ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "rotational-dynamics, rotation",
"url": null
} |
formal-languages, pumping-lemma
$$ uv^iwx^iy = 0^{2h + |v|(i-1)} 1 0^{5h + |x|(i-1)} = 0^{m} 1 0^{2m+k} \in L $$
The equation has solution iff has solution the system
$$ \begin{cases} 2h + |v|(i-1) = m, m \text{ prime} \\ 5h + |x|(i-1) = 2m + k \\ \end{cases} $$
For $i = h + 1$ we have $$ 2h + h|v| = h(|v| + 2) ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "formal-languages, pumping-lemma",
"url": null
} |
• When you run re = ImplicitRegion[((1.2 x)^2 + (1.4 y)^2 - 1)^3 - (1.3 x)^2 y^3 == 0, {x, y}]; soln = FindMaximum[{EuclideanDistance[{x1, y1}, {y1, y2}], {{x1, y1} \[Element] re, {x2, y2} \[Element] re}}, {{x1, 0.33}, {y1, 0.82}, {x2, -0.9}, {y2, 0.3}}] ContourPlot[((1.2 x)^2 + (1.4 y)^2 - 1)^3 - (1.3 x)^2 y^3 == 0, {... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8003788982861249,
"lm_q2_score": 0.849971181358171,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 3141.7556138410387,
"openwebmath_score": 0.1797262728214264,
"tags... |
ros
Now you are able to use rosserial like in the rosserial_arduino examples.
Comment by DreamHigh on 2017-05-11:
OK,but I have had buy a board-STM32F429ZI nucleo. This board support mbed. So ,I will use rosserial_mbed. Thank you again. Can you give me some data which can help me finish my project about ROS communicat... | {
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quantum-field-theory, hamiltonian, perturbation-theory, many-body
$$
$$=-2\sum_{\mathbf p\mathbf p' \mathbf q'}\frac{\Theta(|\mathbf p-\mathbf q'|-1)\Theta(|\mathbf p'+\mathbf q'|-1)\Theta(1- p)\Theta(1-p')}{(q')^2+\mathbf{q}'\cdot(\mathbf p'-\mathbf p)}\\
\times\left[
\frac{3}{q'^4}-\frac{2}{q'^2|\mathbf q'+\mathbf ... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, hamiltonian, perturbation-theory, many-body",
"url": null
... |
This does not happens with 1d because the points are in a straight line and is not possible to swap two points without crash. To choose function $$B_i$$ with a dependence by the data $$x_j$$ allows to avoid the implication of Haar theorem and this is the door for the branch of scattered data approximation.
UPDATE
As ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7478628158569336,
"tag... |
algorithms, search-algorithms, binary-trees
Some of the rules are obvious like distributing multiplication over addition, or additive or multiplicative cancellation; and usually go in one direction (like automatic differentiation). But there will be other times where you will need to do a more clever search (like a c... | {
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"tags": "algorithms, search-algorithms, binary-trees",
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optimization, np-complete, dynamic-programming, greedy-algorithms
Client 1: arrival at 1, duration of 9
Client 2: arrival at 2, duration of 13
Client 3: arrival at 15, duration of $\epsilon$
The above example hints at choosing the smallest $a_i+d_i$ first, but I seem to be unable to prove this on an exchange argument... | {
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quantum-mechanics, atomic-physics, probability, time-evolution, orbitals
\langle L_z\rangle = \sum_{n,l,m}\hbar m|\langle n,l,m|\psi_o\rangle|^2$$
No time dependence of the expectations, hence no time dependence of observation probability; all is well. If $[H,\Omega]\neq 0$, then all of those cross terms do not drop o... | {
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Where. contact elements), Material. To calculate the deflection of cantilever beam you can use the below equation, where W is the force at the end point, L is the length of the cantilever beam, E = Young's Modulus and I = Moment of Inertia. "Area Moment of Inertia" is a property of shape that is used to predict deflect... | {
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$$\int_{-1}^1 \int_{y^4}^1 (4-2y)dxdy =\frac{32}5$$
That solid is located above the plane $$z=0$$ and below the plane $$z=4-2y$$. The possible values for $$x$$ belong to the $$[0,1]$$ interval (the condition $$x=y^4$$ prevents $$x$$ from being negative). So, you should compute$$\int_0^1\int_{-\sqrt[4]x}^{\sqrt[4]x}\in... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9743010997772217,
"ta... |
You can display the LTI model by typing `sys_mimo`.
```sys_mimo ```
``` a = beta yaw roll phi beta -0.0558 -0.9968 0.0802 0.0415 yaw 0.598 -0.115 -0.0318 0 roll -3.05 0.388 -0.465 0 phi 0 0.0805 1 0 b = rudder aileron beta 0.0073 0 yaw -0.475 0.0077 roll 0.153 0.143 phi 0 0 c = beta yaw roll phi yaw rate 0 1 0 0 bank ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9153844714164734,
"tags":... |
discrete-signals, frequency, analog
This, in essence, is Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) -- the available spectrum is divided into frequency bands and each signal is combined with a "carrier" frequency to occupy the appropriate frequency band. (The original signal, before multiplexing, is referred to as a "base... | {
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ros, catkin, message-generation, ros-package-path, roslisp
Originally posted by Georg Bartels with karma: 157 on 2013-06-25
This answer was ACCEPTED on the original site
Post score: 0 | {
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c#, integer
Title: Method that returns an integer chosen by user
Can I make this:
if (oneFour == 1 || oneFour == 2 || oneFour == 3 || oneFour == 4)
shorter, especially if I'm gonna need a wider range of integers?
Do I need to use a string _warning twice like I did?
static string _warning = "Please, enter a number f... | {
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Let $r$ be the row number, and $U$ be the unshown number between $B$ and $C$ and directly below $A$, i.e.
\begin{align} &A &&\leftarrow\text {row}\; r\\ B \quad [&U]\quad C &&\leftarrow\text {row}\; r+1 \end{align}
Note that the difference between two vertically adjacent numbers (both shown and unshown) is $(r+1)^2-r... | {
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"ta... |
tex
\ExplSyntaxOn
\NewDocumentCommand { \printvigeneretabular } { O{} }
{
\vigenere_tabular:n { #1 }
}
% keys
\keys_define:nn { vigenere }
{
font .code:n = { \cs_set_eq:NN \__vigenere_font: #1 },
font .initial:n = { \small },
tabcolsep .dim_set:N = \l__vigenere_tabcolsep_dim,
tabcol... | {
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complexity-theory, space-complexity
Title: What is the relationship between the complexity class $L^n$ and $NL^m$? The space hierarchy theorem shows that
$$\mathrm{\mathbf{L}}^{1} \subsetneq \mathrm{\mathbf{L}}^{2} \subsetneq \cdots \subsetneq \mathrm{\mathbf{L}}^{m} \subsetneq \cdots \subsetneq \mathrm{\mathbf{PSPAC... | {
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ros
ros::spin ();
return 0;
}
Thank you very much :)
Originally posted by Waterplant on ROS Answers with karma: 90 on 2013-04-16
Post score: 1
I am assuming you are using rosmake and not catkin to build your node. In your CMakeLists.txt file add the following lines:
rosbuild_add_boost_directories ()
rosbuild_li... | {
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beginner, c, hangman
system("cls");
//If they won
if(attempts > 0)
{
print_blanks();
printf("You Won! Play again?\n");
}
//If they lost
else
{
draw_platform();
printf("You Lost! The word was %s, Play again?\n", wor... | {
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(! Minimally k -edge-connected if it has at least$ n-k $be number! Valid mail exchanger as evidence therefore, total number of edges among the. Following concept: Def commemorative £2 coin [ 20 ], and this is that every connected n-vertex has. Fewer than n 1 edges Noel Jun 25 '17 at 16:53 Home Browse by Title Discrete!... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9728307708274402,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8399339254567376,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8633916099737806,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 705.4726990497503,
"openwebmath_score": 0.35139915347099304,
"tags"... |
# Make a load of 'random' vectors.
vs = [rand_vec0() for i in range(10000)]
plot_3d_vecs(vs)
There's a problem here; this method biases towards diagonal vectors. In the central plot, it seems like vectors near the axes are around 2/3rds as likely to be chosen as their diagonal counterparts. The difference is due to h... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9796676430955553,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8333245953120233,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2973.407537197864,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7242738604545593,
"tags": null,... |
classical-mechanics, kinematics
Title: Is a heavier skier faster? Is it true that a heavier skier goes faster? If it is, why is that?
My intuition would be that the speed gained by a skier should be independent from its mass, since both its acceleration and the friction are proportional to its mass. Am I overlooking s... | {
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"tags": "classical-mechanics, kinematics",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, momentum, space, conservation-laws, inertia
Title: Would a sneeze by a cosmonaut in a spacesuit affect his movement? Naive question; feel free to shoot me down
It is a truism that any motion in space would continue indefinitely unless it is opposed by an external force. If a cosmonaut were to snee... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, momentum, space, conservation-laws, inertia",
"url": null
} |
python
@_add_platform
def kill_flag(self):
# kill_*.txt
return "*kill_*.flag"
@_add_platform
def restart(self):
# start_*.txt
return "*start_*.flag"
Ditch the class
Realistically, you don't need the class here. You can identify this by looking at how your functions are uti... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python",
"url": null
} |
nuclear-physics, radioactivity
Title: Is the half-life of Primordial Nuclide determine only by the age of the earth? Is the half-life of Primordial Nuclide determined only by the age of the earth? Or are their other age defining considerations? The point of the question is to know that the only reason that we have a d... | {
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"tags": "nuclear-physics, radioactivity",
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} |
python, python-3.x
if __name__ == "__main__":
ctb = apiGetList("civil_twilight_begin")
cte = apiGetList("civil_twilight_end")
print("".join(convertUtcToMet(convert12To24(ctb))))
print("".join(convertUtcToMet(convert12To24(cte)))) Welcome to CodeReview! This is a great first question.
Do not do your ow... | {
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"tags": "python, python-3.x",
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c++, c++11, file-system, c++14, boost
// ...or n times if n > 0.
if (0 < n) ++n;
while (first != last && --n) {
// Advance to the next occurence of value
first = std::find(first, last, value);
// Not yet end of range...
if (first != last) {
// ...so store last occurr... | {
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"tags": "c++, c++11, file-system, c++14, boost",
"url": null
} |
ros, pyqt, rqt
Title: Segmentation fault with graphic object in Rqt plugin
I am building my own rqt plugin.
I found this attitude indicator widget and I managed to include it in my rqt plugin. As creators said, it "uses a lot of CPU power", but I managed to have it working after the pression of a key
these lines of c... | {
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newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, rocket-science, escape-velocity
$$
And Don't forget that Fuel mass is decreasing (When Engine is powered) So That means that acceleration is changing (It's just Newton's second law that says this: $a=\frac{F}{m(t)}$ or full equation looks like this: $a=\frac{F}{m_{rocket}+m_{fue... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, rocket-science, escape-velocity",
"url":... |
general-relativity, gravity, weight
So, what is the weight equation through general relativity? Start with the Schwarzschild metric $$ds^2 = (1-\frac{r_S}{r})c^2dt^2-(1-\frac{r_S}{r})^{-1}dr^2-r^2d\Omega^2 $$ where $$r_S=\frac{2GM}{c^2} $$ A particle at rest at radius $r$ and angular parameters zero from the centre of... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, gravity, weight",
"url": null
} |
planet, exoplanet, orbital-mechanics
Title: Have any co-orbital exoplanet pairs been discovered (and not subsequently retracted)? For this question, I think a good working definition of co-orbital configuration would be two bodies orbiting around a third much larger body in a 1:1 resonance and where neither mass is ne... | {
"domain": "astronomy.stackexchange",
"id": 1898,
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"tags": "planet, exoplanet, orbital-mechanics",
"url": null
} |
astronomy, astrophysics, measurements, observational-astronomy, astrophotography
Title: If the observable universe keeps expanding would we eventualy see light 24/7.... clouds permiting? If we can see more observable universe could there be a time when day and night looked the same? No, due to the Redshift the light o... | {
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"tags": "astronomy, astrophysics, measurements, observational-astronomy, astrophotography",
... |
ruby
Title: Better way to count the number of occurrences of a maximum number in the array in Ruby I am trying to write a program to get the count of the maximum number in an array of integers. The below code is what I have written. Is there any better way to write this code in Ruby?
def max_number_count(my_array)
... | {
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# What is the probability that an unfair coin's head appears less than 50 after 100 tosses?
I met a question about probability, it seems easy but I got stuck. The question is:
Suppose there is an unfair coin, the HEAD probability is $$p=0.7$$.
(Q1) If we toss the coin for 100 times, what is the expectation and the va... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9011016488075256,
"tag... |
c#, winforms
Why do you need to specify the whole namespace in TMDbLib.Objects.Movies.Movie aMovie? And why is your variable named aMovie -- why not just name it movie?
justMovieName is a bad method name, since it lacks a verb or verb phrase.
Parameters should be camelcase: addToMyVideos(string Name, string Year, stri... | {
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We claim that each $\mathcal{O}_{n,m}$ is a discrete collection of sets in the space $X \times Y$. Let $(a,b) \in X \times Y$. Since $\mathcal{B}_m$ is discrete, there exists some open subset $H_b$ of $Y$ with $b \in H_b$ such that $H_b$ can intersect at most one $\overline{W}$ where $W \in \mathcal{B}_m$. Then $X \tim... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9871787868650146,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8047802154199303,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8152324848629215,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 107.99715693191011,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9666374921798706,
"tags":... |
correlation, kendalls-tau-coefficient
Title: Kendall rank correlation coefficient's p-value I'm trying to compute a p-value for a two tailed test following Wikipedia formula which indicates that:
one computes Z, and finds the cumulative probability for a standard
normal distribution at -|Z|. For a 2-tailed test, mult... | {
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"tags": "correlation, kendalls-tau-coefficient",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, thermal-conductivity
Title: Regular vs differential form of Fourier's law? I was watching some of Michel Van Bizen's lectures on youtube, (Heat Transfer, video 16-18) and the guy mentioned that if a pipe or rather a bar was connecting a heat source and a cold source, we could use Fourier's law in this ... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, thermal-conductivity",
"url": null
} |
rviz, ros-kinetic
[ WARN] [1549745353.033772348, 94.964000000]: OGRE EXCEPTION(6:FileNotFoundException): Cannot locate resource package://evarobot_description/meshes/xtion_pro_camera.dae in resource group Autodetect or any other group. in ResourceGroupManager::openResource at /build/ogre-1.9-mqY1wq/ogre-1.9-1.9.0+dfsg... | {
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"id": 32441,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "rviz, ros-kinetic",
"url": null
} |
c#, beginner, outlook
Title: Microsoft Outlook add-in to automatically save generated report This is my first C# project, so feel free to be brutal. :)
I have an automated external process on another machine generate and email a budget report to me every Sunday. This program is a Microsoft Outlook add-in that auto... | {
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} |
entomology, invertebrates
Title: Selection for less efficient egg transfer in Human Botfly life cycle I have heard that the Human Botfly transfers its eggs through other invertebrates, and it strikes my curiosity that if an insect could simply land on its host directly to deposit its eggs, then why have intermediate h... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 6845,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "entomology, invertebrates",
"url": null
} |
particle-physics, charge, vacuum
Title: Can there be charges in free space without it being on some particle? We see leptons and quarks possessing charges. Can there be charge in free space devoid of matter(neither leptons nor quarks or anything else)? While gravity is a curvature of spacetime, electromagnetism can ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 55383,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "particle-physics, charge, vacuum",
"url": null
} |
c++, game, c++11, wordle
std::string checkWord(std::string text, std::string correct, int len) {
std::string out;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
char text_character = text[i];
char correct_character = correct[i];
if (text_character == correct_character) {
out += LETTERVAL... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 44050,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, game, c++11, wordle",
"url": null
} |
amateur-observing
Title: Can you see Pleiades and Sirius at the same time on the sky, from Greece? I would like to know if you can see the Pleiades and Sirius in the sky at the same time, from Greece?
What time of the year would that be?
And I would be very greatful if someone knows an interactive starmap where I coul... | {
"domain": "astronomy.stackexchange",
"id": 2077,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "amateur-observing",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, rotational-dynamics
Am trying to prove the law in frame S' from the law in S:
$$\dfrac{d}{dt} \sum_i \mathbf{\vec{L}}'_i = \dfrac{d}{dt} \sum_i \mathbf{\vec{L}}_i - \dfrac{d}{dt} \sum_i (\mathbf{\vec{r}}_i \times m_i\mathbf{\vec{v}}) - \dfrac{d}{dt} \sum_i (\mathbf{\vec{v}}... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 47331,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, rotational-dynamics",
"url": null
} |
fft, discrete-signals, matlab
Title: How can I implement a binary chirp signal containing zeros and ones? I build a signal, $x$, which is linear in the frequency domain as (in MATLAB syntax)
x = 1:0.1:1e3;
Then I do:
y = (ifft(x));
and I would like to build a binary signal (zeros and ones) from $y$, but I can't defi... | {
"domain": "dsp.stackexchange",
"id": 120,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "fft, discrete-signals, matlab",
"url": null
} |
We show the probability $$p_m(k,n)$$ to randomly place $$n$$ balls into $$k$$ bins with no bin containing more than one ball, so that at least $$m$$ consecutive bins are empty is \begin{align*} \color{blue}{p_m(k,n)=\binom{k}{n}^{-1}\sum_{j=1}^{\lfloor k/m\rfloor}\binom{k-mj}{n}\binom{n+1}{j}(-1)^{j+1}}\tag{0} \end{ali... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9938070102089896,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8345335017902894,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8397339656668287,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 383.9495505833439,
"openwebmath_score": 0.95208340883255,
"tags"... |
vacuum
Title: Protect contents of a safe with a (partial) vacuum UPDATE: This was tagged as off-topic with it being more of an engineering issue. I disagree in that I don't want to know how to pull a vacuum on a safe but instead from a physics point of view what would happen. I've accepted the answer from @akhmete... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 45112,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "vacuum",
"url": null
} |
Doing this for our $C = 3$ dataset in this case we end up learning 3 linear classifiers - here we use logistic regression for each subproblem, solving each using Newton's method.
With our classifiers trained we can now illustrate our learned decision boundaries - each learned to distinguish a single class from the rem... | {
"domain": "github.io",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9814534398277177,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8113791319416667,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117919359419,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 422.61698127164203,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5828137397766113,
"tags": nul... |
condensed-matter, topological-phase, spin-models, spin-chains
Here I provide my attempt to obtain the continuum-case expression for a square lattice, which obviously has a flaw and leads to an incorrect answer. However, I don't see where the problem is.
First, I substitute an integral instead of the sum: $\sum_{<ij>} ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 44007,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "condensed-matter, topological-phase, spin-models, spin-chains",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, classical-mechanics
Title: Pseudo force in rotating frames A bug of mass $m$ crawls out along a radial scratch of a phonographic disc rotating at $\omega$ angular velocity. It travels with constant velocity $v$ with respect to the disc.
What are the forces (and their direc... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 6768,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, classical-mechanics",
"url": null
} |
temperature, radiation, thermal-radiation, sun
Temperature [K] | Ratio | Ratio
| [10^(11) Hz] | [10^(13) Hz]
------------------------------------------------------
1.0000000 | 2.2 x 10^(8) | 5.1 x 10^(833)
10.000000 | 16.2 | 2.3 x 10^(83)
100.0000... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 30326,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "temperature, radiation, thermal-radiation, sun",
"url": null
} |
programming, qiskit, ibm-q-experience
Title: Drawing the circuit in Qiskit - how to set same style as in Composer? A quantum circuit can be visualized in Qiskit with circuit.draw. A drawing style can be set with parameter output which can have values mpl, text or latex (e.g circuit.draw(output='mpl')).
I am wondering ... | {
"domain": "quantumcomputing.stackexchange",
"id": 4347,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "programming, qiskit, ibm-q-experience",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, gravity, metric-tensor, approximations, linearized-theory
Write out the linearized metric equation in terms of time & space derivatives of the components of the fields. Assume that all time derivatives vanish. If your modified gravity theory is not too avant-garde, the resulting system of equatio... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 49244,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, gravity, metric-tensor, approximations, linearized-theory",
... |
trusted our Professional-Cloud. Recent Posts. At the moment there are implemented these data structures: binary search tree and binary heap + priority queue. With over 6,900 answers to frequently asked Bible questions published online, approximately 85% of the questions we are asked already have answers available to yo... | {
"domain": "templateperapp.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9626731105140616,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8275751818913745,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8596637559030338,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2014.2897150435817,
"openwebmath_score": 0.2648802101612091,
... |
c
shiftOut(DAT,CLK,MSBFIRST,leds3);
shiftOut(DAT,CLK,MSBFIRST,leds3>>8);
shiftOut(DAT,CLK,MSBFIRST,leds4);
shiftOut(DAT,CLK,MSBFIRST,leds4>>8);
shiftOut(DAT,CLK,MSBFIRST,leds5);
//! output_bit(LAT, HIGH);
//! output_bit(LAT, LOW);
LATA2 = 1; //FASTER THAN OUTPUT_BIT
LATA2 = 0; //FASTER THAN ... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 24863,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c",
"url": null
} |
# How to prove that $\sum_{n \, \text{odd}} \frac{n^2}{(4-n^2)^2} = \pi^2/16$?
The series:
$$\sum_{n \, \text{odd}}^{\infty} \frac{n^2}{(4-n^2)^2} = \pi^2/16$$
showed up in my quantum mechanics homework. The problem was solved using a method that avoids evaluating the series and then by equivalence the value of the ... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9895109081214212,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8666007814264871,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8757869916479466,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1325.4002394424197,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8995524048805237,
"ta... |
rviz, ros-melodic, ubuntu, camera, frame-id
Title: Camera feed frame_id
Very new to ROS but I have set up a CSI camera with ROS melodic, running on ubuntu 18.04 (On jetson nano). And I am trying to overlay a pointcloud on it in rviz, however the camera visualization doesn't work as I'd expect. I am getting a For fram... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 35852,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "rviz, ros-melodic, ubuntu, camera, frame-id",
"url": null
} |
c#, design-patterns, .net, fluent-interface
// Act
// Assert
account.Username.Should().Be(expectedUsername);
account.Password.Should().Be(expectedPassword);
}
} Account
Depending on the requirements it would make sense to make the class immutable by using init instead of set for the prope... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 43908,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, design-patterns, .net, fluent-interface",
"url": null
} |
deep-learning, notation, activation-function
Title: Why is an activation function notated as "g"? In many cases an activation function is notated as g (e.g. Andrew Ng's Course courses), especially if it doesn't refer to any specific activation function such as sigmoid.
However, where does this convention come from? An... | {
"domain": "datascience.stackexchange",
"id": 2155,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "deep-learning, notation, activation-function",
"url": null
} |
particle-physics, conservation-laws, standard-model, quantum-chromodynamics, chirality
Title: Conservation of left-handed quark current I'm reading about the Operator Product Expansion in Gelis's A Stroll Through Quantum Fields section 7.4.2. As an example, he's using the product of currents
$$A_1^\mu = \overline{d}_L... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 68006,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "particle-physics, conservation-laws, standard-model, quantum-chromodynamics, chira... |
With four points, you have the problem of which of the two "extra" points to use in order to determine your ellipse. Either choice will give the same values of $h,$ $k,$ $A,$ and $a,$ since those depend only on the two endpoints of the ellipse's axis. But if the positions of the other two points are not exactly on the ... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9884918526308095,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.842148399855979,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8519527982093666,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 120.46776564703842,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8620388507843018,
"tag... |
python, performance, game
The (quasi static) class function to capture pieces:
def capture_pieces(self, black_board, white_board):
"""Remove all pieces from the board that have
no liberties. This function modifies the input variables in place.
black_board is a 19x19 np.array with value 1.0 if a black sto... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 30058,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, performance, game",
"url": null
} |
performance, php, object-oriented, security, logging
public function OutputWb($var, $retrive = false)
{
$indents = $this->GetIndent($var);
$string = $this->GetString($var, $indents);
$string = $this->HighlightCode($string);
$string = $this->ApplyCss($string);
$this->Reset... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 40732,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "performance, php, object-oriented, security, logging",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, universe
Title: What would happen to an object if one was to drop it in intergalactic space? This might be a dumb question but i was confused as to what would happen if one was to somehow drop an object in intergalactic space. For example when something is dropped on earth it fa... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 63671,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, universe",
"url": null
} |
javascript, react.js, react-native
Title: Clean up and Refactor react code to increase performance I am new in coding in React and I have just joined a new organization where I need to send my code for review .The functionality is working fine but it seems to me that code in my component has become very lengthy ,also ... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 38880,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, react.js, react-native",
"url": null
} |
digital-communications, modulation, homework, snr
$$P_E=\sum_{i=1}^MP[s_i]P[E|s_i]\tag{1}$$
where $P[s_i]$ is the probability that symbol $s_i$ was sent, $P[E|s_i]$ is the error probability given that $s_i$ was sent, and $M$ is the number of symbols. If all symbols are equally likely, $(1)$ simplifies to
$$P_E=\frac{1... | {
"domain": "dsp.stackexchange",
"id": 5832,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "digital-communications, modulation, homework, snr",
"url": null
} |
beginner, bash, linux, shell, installer
# redirect all errors to a file #### MUNA setja þetta í sshd_config="#HISTAMIN98"
if [ -w /tmp/svaka ]
then
exec 2>debianConfigVersion5.3__ERRORS__.txt
else
echo "can't write error file!"
exit 127
fi
... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 34363,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "beginner, bash, linux, shell, installer",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, geodesics
There's a bunch of other terms that don't seem to arise in textbooks, but I never saw the expression (5) derived, only stated.
Is there a conceptual mistake in my thinking, or I miscalculated something? Here's an answer that I argued for myself and am pretty satisfied with it. The caveat ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 72569,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, geodesics",
"url": null
} |
data-download, sratoolkit
The reason why there is this strange 003 will probably be that it's quite recent submission and it has not been properly categorized yet (other accessions I tried were on "expected" urls).
However, the problem still persist. Is there a way how to fetch data of new submissions using accessions... | {
"domain": "bioinformatics.stackexchange",
"id": 555,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "data-download, sratoolkit",
"url": null
} |
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