text stringlengths 49 10.4k | source dict |
|---|---|
python, web-scraping, beautifulsoup, selenium, scrapy
Output
Result(caption='出土文献研究与保护中心2020年报', when=datetime.date(2021, 4, 9), path='info/1041/2615.htm')
Result(caption='《战国秦汉文字与文献论稿》出版', when=datetime.date(2020, 7, 17), path='info/1012/1289.htm')
Result(caption='【光明日报】清华简十年：古书重现与古史新探', when=datetime.date(2018, 12, ... | {
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"tags": "python, web-scraping, beautifulsoup, selenium, scrapy",
"url": null
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thermodynamics, soft-question
Title: More temperature after boil the water can cook more faster the food? I have a dispute with my girlfriend about this we are both systems engineers (just for the records), i want to cook more efficient wasting less ( gas or electricty ) and she want to cook faster.
Nice. my logic her... | {
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-
What's with the downvote? – Pedro Tamaroff Oct 8 '12 at 21:56
Maybe the downvoter thought you were overgeneralizing. Personally, I didn't. – 000 Oct 8 '12 at 21:57
"overgeneralizing"? In what sense? – Pedro Tamaroff Oct 8 '12 at 21:58
You started with the geometric sequence in its general form and manipulated it a... | {
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$$\displaystyle \sqrt{3}-i = 2 \left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}- i \frac{1}{2} \right) = 2 \text{cis}\left( \frac{-\pi}{6}\right)$$
#### nacho
##### Active member
$\cos\theta = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$
Therefore
$\theta = \frac{\pi}{4}$
and $\sin\theta=\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2}}$
therefore
$\theta = \frac{\pi}{4} + \pi = \frac{5\pi}{4}$... | {
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"... |
plt.show()
The next graph shows two different y variables (shown in blue and orange). Again, it’s fairly obvious that the blue points are better explained by the blue line than the orange is by the orange line.
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (10,5))
sns.regplot(x='lcarat',y='lprice',ax=ax,
data=diamonds2.sample(75... | {
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# Bound third moment and Fourth moment
1) I have seen it mentioned that if X is a zero mean random variable then $\frac{E[X^4]}{\sigma^4} \geq \left\{\frac{E[X^3]}{\sigma^3}\right\}^2 + 1$ , where $E[X^2]=\sigma^2$ .
Is this true, if yes ,what is the proof for this? (I am able to prove that $\frac{E[X^4]}{\sigma^4} \... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.999272882938385,
"tags... |
algorithms, streaming-algorithm, simulation, lower-bounds
Turing machine, flat input
RAM, input as array
RAM, input as linked list For streaming algorithms to be meaningful, they have to work with significantly smaller amount of work space than the input itself. For example, if you allow the same amount of work space... | {
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"tags": "algorithms, streaming-algorithm, simulation, lower-bounds",
"url": null
} |
noise, wave
If $f_1$ is really close to $f_2$, it can be difficult to resolve them as two separate sinusoidal components. If you were trying to do so digitally using short-time Fourier analysis, for example, you need a longer observation time in order to properly separate the two frequencies in your spectral estimate.... | {
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"tags": "noise, wave",
"url": null
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# Math Help - relations
1. ## relations
without using a graphing calculator
---------------------------------
How would you find the coordinates of all points(x,y) of the tangent lines of a relation such as (x^2)*y - y^3 = 8 (btw this graph looks like 3 parabolas oppening, one to the right, left and one downwards) wh... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.6911994218826294,
... |
# Defining Unitary Matrices
I have got a question and I would appreciate if one could help.
I start with an example to explain what I am looking for. Assume a scaled unitary matrix like
$U_2 = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$.
For this $2 \times 2$ matrix, I know $U_2 U_2^H = 2 I$ where $I$ is identit... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8315647840499878,
"ta... |
energy, waves
Title: Calculating Energy of a Wave So my physics examinations are coming up and I was going through my notes on waves, but I realized that there were some discrepancies.
In my notes, the energy of a wave is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude, ie. $E \propto A^2$
However, I recalled th... | {
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ros-melodic, pointcloud
Originally posted by ia on ROS Answers with karma: 23 on 2021-02-12
Post score: 0
I think what you need to do here is to transform your data into the same frame of reference. You need to have a tf tree created (using either a urdf description or using static transform publisher). Then, in you ... | {
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biochemistry
Alright so this is the oxidation of one mole of glucose equation (Without the ATPs) but till now I don't exactly know the correct answer for this question, but to not create any confusion this question is related to the Aerobic respiration (Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and Electron transport chain).
Here's how... | {
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# Prove that $\frac{a_1^2}{a_1+a_2}+\frac{a_2^2}{a_2+a_3}+ \cdots \frac{a_n^2}{a_n+a_1} \geq \frac12$
Let $$a_1, a_2, a_3, \dots , a_n$$ be positive real numbers whose sum is $$1$$. Prove that $$\frac{a_1^2}{a_1+a_2}+\frac{a_2^2}{a_2+a_3}+ \ldots +\frac{a_n^2}{a_n+a_1} \geq \frac12\,.$$
I thought maybe the Cauchy and... | {
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c#, beginner
parse a number
parse an operator
parse a number
continue with step 2
This is a high-level view on the whole topic of parsing an expression. That's how your code should look. The method should be called TryParseExpr. The current name InputToList is too unspecific.
static int PerformCalculation(string[] In... | {
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Is this approach okay?
Math Expert
Joined: 02 Aug 2009
Posts: 7334
Re: A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles [#permalink]
### Show Tags
23 Jan 2019, 22:46
1
blitzkriegxX wrote:
anilnandyala wrote:
A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles and r red marbles. If one marble is ... | {
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"tags": n... |
gravity, earth
This is not enough to send iMerchant into space. However, a component $g_\mathrm{spin} \sin\theta = 4.9\,\mathrm{m}\,\mathrm{s}^{-2}$, or roughly half a G, would point horizontally toward South, enough to send him tumbling down the street, or at least walk awkwardly. | {
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slam, g2o, macos, rgbd-slam, macos-lion
make[2]: *** [../lib/libg2o_solver_pcg.dylib] Error 1
make[1]: *** [g2o/solvers/pcg/CMakeFiles/solver_pcg.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2 | {
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"tags": "slam, g2o, macos, rgbd-slam, macos-lion",
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} |
quantum-mechanics, hilbert-space, wavefunction, differentiation, quantum-chemistry
Note that I have changed the way the $q$'s appear to make the operator a more general kernel function. Now we can apply the functional derivative:
$$ \frac{\delta}{\delta\psi(q_0)} \langle\psi|\hat{O}|\psi\rangle
= \int \psi^*(q)O(q,q... | {
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land heads up? Answer: Pn 3) If Freddy. Most coins have probabilities that are nearly equal to 1/2. Number of trials n is fixed in advance. What is the probability it will come up heads 25 or fewer times? GET DISCOUNT 10% DURING COVID-19 - YOUR DISCOUT CODE: "GET10"". Wendy Testaburger and Sally Turner play a game with ... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9838471647042428,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8261698812271594,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8397339656668287,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 409.0145639306824,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7566685676574707,
"tags": ... |
matlab, digital-communications, gaussian
Title: Need assistance from MATLAB point of view In my work there are three entities i.e, Tag , reader and RF source. In which for a single bit (0 or 1) from tag towards reader there are 40 consecutive complex gaussian signals at reader . How to model this in MATLAB so as to ge... | {
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ros
Title: Having a Master to control two separate system with ROS-Hydro
Hi,
I am newbie in ROS. I wonder if we can create a master control to interact with two separate systems which has ROS hydro installed. Or to be appropriate, Can I control two separate ROS Hydro using another computer which acts like a master?
... | {
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thermodynamics, complex-systems
Title: Thermodynamic System, link between state variable, state function, property and characteristics Until now I imagine the whole thing like this:
The set of necessary independent state variables spans the state space, i.e. my thermodynamic system.
However, a state function can also... | {
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ros
Originally posted by Wolf with karma: 7555 on 2014-03-10
This answer was ACCEPTED on the original site
Post score: 1
Original comments
Comment by akash on 2014-03-10:
Proceeding further, "roslaunch export.launch" gives the error
process[rosbag-1]: started with pid [5274]
[FATAL] [1394450389.001846739]: Error ... | {
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ros, fovis, fovis-ros
Originally posted by Miquel Massot with karma: 1471 on 2015-03-25
This answer was ACCEPTED on the original site
Post score: 1
Original comments
Comment by Athria on 2015-03-27:
Thank you! I was doing it wrong, now it compiles perfectly.
Comment by Sai Anirudh Kondaveeti on 2015-05-26:
I am stil... | {
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geography, mantle, crust, mining, cavern
6.Record absolute depth under sea level a person has reached "on foot".
If you consider Vescoso to have been "on foot", he wins again. If not, and you consider miners going to their jobs as being "on foot", then it would be the Canadian miners (2.65 km below see level). If you ... | {
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c++, parsing, configuration
return found != sections.end() ? &*found : NULL;
}
std::list<section>& config::get_sections() {
return sections;
}
std::string config::get_value(const std::string& sectionname, const std::string&keyname) {
section* sect = get_section(sectionname);
if (sect != NULL) {
s... | {
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definition, conformal-field-theory, representation-theory, lie-algebra
What is the physical interpretation of the singular vector? Does it corresponding to a gauge freedom that should be subtracted? Or does this corresponding to the procedure of "choosing the physical states"?
What does the Verma module generated by t... | {
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Python:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.pyplot import figure
np.random.seed(42)
x_length = 60
y_length = 45
N = int(1e6)
def get_estimate(N, x_length, y_length):
x_values = np.random.rand(N)*x_length
y_values = np.random.rand(N)*y_length
colors = ["RED" if y_values[n]<= -y_length/... | {
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&= \frac{\sqrt{2\pi}}{4}\cdot\dfrac{\Gamma\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)}{\Gamma\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)}\notag\\ &= \frac{\sqrt{2\pi}}{4}\cdot\dfrac{\Gamma^{2}\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)}{\Gamma\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)\Gamma\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)}\notag\\ &= \frac{\sqrt{2\pi}}{4}\cdot\dfrac{\Gamma^{2}\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8152324826183822,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 536.8295533283593,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9616298675537109,
"tag... |
digital-communications
Title: systematic way to determine best bit mapping policy So in class, we've been asked to find the best bit mapping policy for QAM modulation schemes (4-QAM, 8-QAM, 128-QAM, etc). Best meaning the one that will provide the lowest bit error Probability ($P_{be}$). I think I understand the conce... | {
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signal-analysis, decomposition
2) Duration:
"that are at least as far as the duration of phasic response" : your assumption seems to me to related to a time-delay, yet i cannot interpret it precisely so far.
3) High-order derivatives:
"A third approach would be to work on first or second derivative space and characte... | {
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biochemistry, periodic-table, isotope, astrochemistry
A consequence of this is that relative atomic masses of elements
mined—those with two or more stable isotopes—will no longer be
faithful to our current periodic table.
But this is already happening. $\ce{^235U}$ constitutes 0.72% of uranium found on earth and... | {
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Question Papers Class 12 Maths, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Maths, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Maths. The vertical distance between the two given parallel lines is from the point (0,3) to the point (0,-3) [the two y-intercepts], which is 6. joh... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.6739588975906372,
"tag... |
the polygon has sides. Yes, if both pairs of opposite sides are congruent. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent (CPCTC), so ∠IFS and ∠ HSF are congruent. A square could be called a _____ since it has four congruent sides. opposite sides of equal lengths $A B=D C \text{ and } A D= B C$ two equal diag... | {
"domain": "hitay.sg",
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9787126482065489,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7607899904251099,
"tags": null,... |
the two numbers preceding the n-th in the sequence. Learn how to use dynamic programming to solve complex recursive problems. No spam ever. The main idea is to break down complex problems (with many recursive calls) into smaller subproblems and then save them into memory so that we don't have to recalculate them each t... | {
"domain": "lowermyhumidity.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9669140235181256,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.821849041980182,
"lm_q2_score": 0.84997116805678,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.5243867039680481,
"tags... |
gravity, hydrostatic-equilibrium
That's called hydrostatic equilibrium. That's one of the main factors that distinguish a dwarf planet from a smaller random piece of rock out there.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet
"A dwarf planet is an object the size of a planet (a planetary-mass object) but that is neithe... | {
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center of gravity, load center, and the stability triangle. For many objects, these two points are in exactly the same place. y = 3 − e − x. The formula used in the illustration is typical. (In other words, if you made the triangle out of cardboard, and put its centroid on your finger, it would balance. The center of m... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8418256512199033,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 304.50342906770857,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5220875144004822,
"tags":... |
cell-biology, mitochondria, mitosis
Title: Are cells guaranteed to get at least one mitochondrion when they divide? If mitochondria exist at random within a cell, isn't there a possibility that cell division will result in a daughter cell with no mitochondria? If not, what is the process for guaranteeing at least one... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
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"tags": "cell-biology, mitochondria, mitosis",
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} |
c++, simulation, physics
//kinematics simulator
#include "vectors.cpp" // vector manager file included
struct body //structure for velocity and position of a rigid circular body
{
vec pos,vel; // position of centre of circle and velocity vector
float r,m; //radius of cir... | {
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"url": null
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homework-and-exercises, gravity, newtonian-gravity, potential-energy
Title: Simplified formula of potential energy giving different expected value of mass I am trying to calculate the mass of a planet by the following image
I have the mass of the object, $2$ kg, and the radius of the planet, $5000$ km (also the gravi... | {
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"url": nu... |
navigation, ros-kinetic, hector, husky, navsat-transform
# --------------------------------------
# imu configure:
imu0: /imu/data
imu0_config: [false, false, false,
true, true, false,
false, false, false,
true, true, true,
true, true, true]
... | {
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} |
= $\frac{2\sqrt{39}}{39}$ = $\frac{2}{\sqrt{39}}$. It is to be noted that: Non-intersecting lines can never meet. The equation for both the planes is thus given as: $\overrightarrow{r}$.$\overrightarrow{n_{1}}$ = $d_{1}$, $\overrightarrow{r}$.$\overrightarrow{n_{2}}$ = $d_{2}$. =) 1 0. To find the symmetric equations t... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.49194785952568054,
... |
machine-learning, python, keras, lstm
This will throw ValueError: Input 0 is incompatible with layer lstm_2: expected ndim=3, found ndim=2
Any tips help! Sorry not a lot of Wisdom here but learning :) CTry to change
model.add(LSTM(50, activation='relu'))
to
model.add(LSTM(50, activation='relu', return_sequences=Tru... | {
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"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x, game, playing-cards
Testing
I recommend looking into the unittest framework for Python. Unit testing allows you to isolate functionally independent parts of a program and to test them separately from the rest to ensure that they function as intended.
You can of course also test the game manually by... | {
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"tags": "python, python-3.x, game, playing-cards",
"url": null
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thermodynamics, fluid-dynamics, energy-conservation, conservation-laws, steady-state
Title: General Definition of Steady State According to many sources (including Wikipedia, Stephani&Kluge, D.J. Acheson) a steady state ist:
In systems theory, a system in a steady state has numerous properties that are unchanging in ... | {
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c++, object-oriented, matrix, template
*/
template <typename T>
Matrix<T> Matrix<T>::stack(const Matrix<T> & rhs) const {
if(cols != rhs.cols)
return Matrix<T>(*this);
std::vector<T> vec;
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
vec.push_back(data[i]);
}
for(unsigned int... | {
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"tags": "c++, object-oriented, matrix, template",
"url": null
} |
kotlin
Title: Word = smallWord1 + smallWord2
Look for all six letter words which are composed of two concatenated smaller words.
Please give me feedback regarding good coding standards.
import java.io.File
class KataExercise(val wordLength: Int) {
fun concatenatedWords(): List<String> {
val searchWords =... | {
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electrical-engineering, power-electronics, marine-engineering
Circuit protection is designed to protect the insulation of wires to prevent fires.
So ground faults are dangerous and must be cleared as soon as possible. Circuits must have circuit protection (fuses or breakers) on all power lines because ground faults ... | {
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"tags": "electrical-engineering, power-electronics, marine-engineering",
"url": null
} |
java, error-handling
Title: Refactoring code to throw a single exception per function One of my functions must throws 2 exceptions, but I understand 1 exception per function is preferred (at least according to my client's Sonar ruleset). Can you suggest how I might refactor the following code to enable 1 or no except... | {
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In order to obtain the appropriate substitutions, one has to work backwards -- take a given polynomial function $f(x)$, apply a horizontal transformation $f(x-h)$ to it; then, in the transformed polynomial function, equate the unwanted coefficient to zero and solve for $h$ -- if possible. Now if $x$ in $f(x)$ is replac... | {
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"tags"... |
A function is \"increasing\" when the y-value increases as the x-value increases, like this:It is easy to see that y=f(x) tends to go up as it goes along. *See complete details for Better Score Guarantee. ′ The numeric value of δ is approximately 4.6692. Keywords: definition; parent function; constant function ; Backgr... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7542380094528198,
"ta... |
java, object-oriented, game
An alternative design
This is based on my experience writing a go program in C#. It focuses on clean design, sacrificing some performance. But features that need extreme performance, mainly bots, need specialized data-structures anyways, so I don't see that as a problem.
Go game logic only ... | {
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python, performance, python-3.x
Title: Initial Mass Function for young star clusters and disk field stars I hope you can help with improving my code. I am defining a function which draws out elements of a certain mass, one by one, from a distribution constrained by the function imf(), until I have used up all the mass... | {
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-
This also gives $$\prod_{n\ge2}\left(1-\frac{1}{n^2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.$$ (Though it is telescoping and thus easier..) – anon Jul 10 '12 at 23:09
$$\frac{1}{2}=(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)\prod_{k=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{2}{e^{2^{-(k+1)}}+1} \right)$$ | {
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"tags"... |
gravity, pressure, dark-energy
Dark energy is rather different. I started by pointing out that by compressing the gas and increasing the pressure we are doing work on the gas/star and this contributes to its gravity. If you take some region of vacuum containing just dark energy and compress it the dark energy does wor... | {
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$n \times n$:
with Jordan blocks along the diagonal and $0$'s elsewhere.
Note: Jordan blocks of sizes = multiplicites of the eigenvalues.
Exercise:
• 1.
• Consider $\chi_A(A)$. What is it?
• Prove $\chi_A(A)=0$. (Hamilton-Caley theorem)
• 2.
• Consider $V^{**}$. What is it?
• Prove $V^{**} \simeq V$ (even for infin... | {
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observational-astronomy, telescope, radio-astronomy, radio-telescope
Title: If the visibility function is the Fourier transform of the sky brightness distribution, why do you need the dirty beam and dirty image to find it? In radio astronomy, the dirty image is equal to the inverse Fourier transform of the uv-plane co... | {
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"url": n... |
c++, object-oriented, memory-management, graphics
Title: Drawing superellipses Here is a piece of code that draws superellipses:
#include "std_lib_facilities.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "Simple_window.h"
#define PI 3.14159265359
template <typename T>
int sgn(T val);
vector<Point> generateSuperEllipse(double Co... | {
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"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, electrostatics, entropy, conductors
He has also compared the energy of a spherical conductor(with surface charge) to solid sphere(with volume charge) and found out that the conductor has lesser energy for the same charge $Q$.
But considering the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the system should try to... | {
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Hint: $7\equiv1\mod3$, and $7\equiv-1\mod8$, and $24=3\cdot8$.
• How do I use $24 = 3 \cdot 8$? Is there a fact about modular arithmetic that I'm unaware of here? – Newb Mar 7 '14 at 18:03
• The Chinese remainder theorem! – Álvaro Lozano-Robledo Mar 7 '14 at 18:07
• @Newb: What number in between $0$ and $23$ gives the... | {
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"tag... |
fluid-dynamics, computational-physics, drag, aerodynamics
Title: Most aerodynamic shape What are the theoretical condition for a shape to be more aerodynamic?
How can you design an aerodynamic shape without any experiment,just with equations? There are no first principles that I can think of that lead to simple analyt... | {
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"tags": "fluid-dynamics, computational-physics, drag, aerodynamics",
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} |
symmetry, group-theory
To determine where an $xy$ function goes, look at a $d_{xy}$ orbital shape and subject it to each of the symmetry operations in turn,$E, C_{2}, i$ etc depending on point group. (Assume z is the principal axis). Count +1 if the orbital (or function) is unchanged and -1 if not. So in C$_{2h}$, a... | {
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"tags": "symmetry, group-theory",
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} |
neuroscience, neurophysiology, pain, peripheral-nervous-system
Title: Is it possible to feel pain in some part of a body, but the pain "feeling" is introduced somewhere else? Is it possible to feel pain in some part of a body, but that the cause of the pain is situated elsewhere in the body? For example, somebody feel... | {
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"url": null
} |
It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. by Prof. Steven S. Skiena. More simply put, an the sum of the maximum of the solutions of its children. Computing one entry of the arrays is Tree DP Example Problem: given a tree, color nodes black as many as possible without coloring two adjacent nodes Subproblems: – First, we arb... | {
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Since $bt=c-as$, we have that $-ab\lt bt\lt ab$. Since $(10)$ does not have a non-negative solution, we must have $-ab\lt bt\lt 0$. Thus, we have the non-negative solution $a(b-s)+b(-t)=ab-c$.
Therefore, we have shown that at least one of $(10)$ and $(11)$ must have a non-negative solution.
QED
- | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9378148317337036,
"ta... |
thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, entropy, phase-space
I'm not sure why you are formulating this problem in terms of impulses. This doesn't make physical sense to me. If instead you say that the system consists of two particles each of which can have energy $E=0,\epsilon,2\epsilon,3\epsilon,\ldots$ then we woul... | {
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java
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Enter integers between 0 and " + BellTriangle.LIMIT
+ " inclusive, any other inputs to exit.");
try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in)) {
int input = -1;
while (scanner.hasNextInt() && (inpu... | {
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electric-circuits, electrical-resistance
where $R_0$ is the resistance of a single resistor.
The author goes on to talk about the specific case of $d = 3$, where in eq. 35 it is shown that
$$ R(l_1, l_2, l_3) = R_0 \int_{-\pi}^\pi \frac{\mathrm{d}x_1}{2\pi} \int_{-\pi}^\pi \frac{\mathrm{d}x_2}{2\pi} \int_{-\pi}^\pi \f... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electric-circuits, electrical-resistance",
"url": null
} |
collision
Title: Can we find coefficient of restituion using Young's Modulus Suppose a moving body collides with another body and we are given the Young's Moduli of the two bodies. Is there any method to find their final velocities?
Suppose a moving body collides with another body and we are given the
Young's Modul... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "collision",
"url": null
} |
# Proving that Euclidean Space is a complete metric space
I start my proof with supposing that I have a Cauchy sequence $x^\Bbb{R^n}_k$ in $\Bbb{R^n}$- that is, $x^\Bbb{R^n}_k=(x_1, x_2,...,x_N,...,x_m,..,x_n...)$ ,where $x_i=(x^i_1,x^i_2,x^i_3,...,x^i_n)$ e.g. $x^i_2$ denotes the second element of the $i$th entry in ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9926683306694031,
"tag... |
So far, we have used the simplest possible quadrilaterals (that is, rectangles) to estimate areas. It is natural, however, to wonder if other familiar shapes might serve us even better.
An alternative to $L_n\text{,}$ $R_n\text{,}$ and $M_n$ is called the Trapezoid Rule. Rather than using a rectangle to estimate the (... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9895109084307415,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8615382094310355,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 333.4462961604561,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9525200128555298,
"tags": null,
... |
general-relativity, black-holes, orbital-motion, history, singularities
Title: Why was Einstein wrong about black holes? In 1939, Albert Einstein published a paper entitled "On a Stationary System with Spherical Symmetry Consisting of Many Gravitating Masses." In it, he considers the problem of whether it is possible... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity, black-holes, orbital-motion, history, singularities",
"url":... |
The localization map $\varphi:A/(f_i)\to A_{(f_i)}/f_iA_{(f_i)}$ is injective as the prime ideal $(f_i)$ is the inverse image of the maximal ideal $f_iA_{(f_i)}$. By dévissage, we deduce that $\varphi_n: A/(f_i^n)\to A_{(f_i)}/f_i^nA_{(f_i)}$ is also injective. Since $\varphi_{a_i}(I)=0$, we have $I\subset (f_i^{a_i})$... | {
"domain": "columbia.edu",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.981735718709073,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8137988429764124,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388146603364,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 61.82143144094096,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9720055460929871,
"tags": nu... |
c#, beginner, .net, authentication
any suggestions on how to slim this down or streamline? I personally think this is fine if the concept of creating a UserContact, User is directly tied to creating a UserAccount, i.e. one cannot live without the other.
That is because the abstraction of the method CreateAccount() h... | {
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"id": 8365,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, beginner, .net, authentication",
"url": null
} |
While the previous answer was very instructive, the correct answer for Stata is that xtreg y x, nocons will result in error r(198) option noconstant not allowed. I don't know why Stata programmers did not allow noconstant option for random effects model, but that's a different question. | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9706877675527112,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8191586550528165,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8438951045175643,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1363.8521732306942,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9906454682350159,
"ta... |
lambda-calculus, functional-programming, combinatory-logic
Title: Y combinator, function composition I am trying to understand Y combinators. Could you please explain why the following are equivalent
(Y (f ∘ g))
(f (Y (g ∘ f))) | {
"domain": "cs.stackexchange",
"id": 10270,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "lambda-calculus, functional-programming, combinatory-logic",
"url": null
} |
java, android, comparative-review
Title: Simplified if return suggestion from Android Studio I have this very simple method:
private boolean isTheParticipantTalking(ParticipantID participantId){
if(mCurrentParticipant != null) {
return participantId.equals(mCurrentParticipant.getId());
}
return fal... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 30816,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, android, comparative-review",
"url": null
} |
quantum-chromodynamics, matrix-elements, hadron-dynamics
Title: Relation of vector and scalar matrix elements for hadronic transitions Consider a matrix element
$$
F_{\mu}(p_{h'}, p_{h}, \dots) = \langle h'(p_{h'})|\bar{q}_{i}\gamma_{\mu}q_{j}|p_{h}\rangle,
$$
describing transition of some initial hadron $h$ that con... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 53349,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-chromodynamics, matrix-elements, hadron-dynamics",
"url": null
} |
beginner, c
void calc_bag(double total_ingredient, struct Bags* bag_sizes, struct Bags* type){
while (total_ingredient > 0){
if (total_ingredient > bag_sizes->big_bag) {
type->big_bag++;
total_ingredient -= bag_sizes->big_bag;
}
else if (total_ingredient > bag_sizes-... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 26355,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "beginner, c",
"url": null
} |
mathematical-physics, fourier-transform, coulombs-law, regularization
Fourier transform of distributions (generalized functions)
It is in this sense that the Fourier transform of Coulomb potential holds. The Coulomb potential, although not an $L^1$ or $L^2$ function, is a distribution. So we need to use the definitio... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 79471,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "mathematical-physics, fourier-transform, coulombs-law, regularization",
"url": n... |
biochemistry
Specific Force Deficit in Skeletal Muscles of Old Rats Is Partially
Explained by the Existence of Denervated Muscle Fibers
Association of adiponectin and resistin with adipose tissue
compartments, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia
Shifts in the Distribution of Mass Densities Is a Signature of
Caloric R... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 3459,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "biochemistry",
"url": null
} |
geophysics, plate-tectonics, geography, mountains, geomorphology
You will see that 416 Ma ago and before there was an active subduction boundary there inside the red polygon. So mountains were getting formed, the ocean in front of that boundary closed-up and disappear about ~240 Ma ago, giving the final push for the f... | {
"domain": "earthscience.stackexchange",
"id": 1349,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "geophysics, plate-tectonics, geography, mountains, geomorphology",
"url": nu... |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, orbital-motion
Title: Orbital velocity of a star I am supposed to show that the orbital speed of a star is proportional with $\sqrt{r}$, where $r$ is the distance from the center of a galaxy. Suppose the galaxy's mass is equally distributed like in a disc... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 89461,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, orbital-motion",
... |
homework-and-exercises, general-relativity, black-holes, differential-geometry, metric-tensor
Title: Christoffel symbols for Schwarzschild metric So, I am doing coursework for maths, and I'm trying to find out how I could calculate the Christoffel symbols for the Schwarzschild metric; however, I have realized that cal... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 91272,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, general-relativity, black-holes, differential-geometry, me... |
please follow this Copyright Infringement Notice procedure n't, fix so. Another function the domain to which results in the second section so that it does x 2 graphed is... Helps in computing the inverse value of any function that is also a function using Horizontal. Fix it so that it does Next question Transcribed Ima... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9702399034724604,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.820767112485837,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8459424411924673,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 497.20810804489844,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5982497334480286,
"... |
java, combinatorics
Title: Expected value (and distribution) of sum of six balls labeled 1-49, no replacement This code finds expectation and standard deviation of sum(x) of 6 digited base-49 numbers with all digits distinct.
The expectation is: \$\mu={\rm E[X]}=\frac1n\sum_{k=0}^{n}x_i=\frac{x_1+x_2+\ldots+x_n}{n}\... | {
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"id": 12958,
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"tags": "java, combinatorics",
"url": null
} |
I am afraid there is a pitfall. If you try to prove that there are 6 games with 12 distinct players amongst those who have played exactly 1 game you will fail. Here's an example:
$$1-2\\ 3-4\\ 5-6\\ 7-8\\ 9-10\\ 11-12\\ 12-13 \\ 13-14\\ 14-15\\ 15-16\\ 16-17\\ 17-18\\ 18-19\\ 19-20$$
While there are 6 games with 12 d... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9697854103128328,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8408386417374486,
"lm_q2_score": 0.867035771827307,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 348.67896451540287,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6010059118270874,
"tag... |
algorithms, complexity-theory, reference-request, dynamic-programming, strings
Title: Reductions between LIS and LCS Given an oracle that returns both the length and the subsequence for the Longest Increasing Subsequence of a given input $A$ of $n$ elements $\text{LIS}(A,n)$, can one use a polynomial number of calls t... | {
"domain": "cs.stackexchange",
"id": 13920,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "algorithms, complexity-theory, reference-request, dynamic-programming, strings",
"url... |
thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, temperature, physical-chemistry, molecular-dynamics
Title: When I put my hand on a hot solid why don't the particles transfering heat to my hand exert a force on it? When I put my hand on a hot metal (say) solid, I can feel my hand heating up. I suspect this is caused mostly by p... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 78953,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, temperature, physical-chemistry, molecular-... |
quantum-information, quantum-computer, algorithms
Title: Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm for Non-Balanced+Non-Constant Functions? Note: I'd imagine this will be a simple yes/no question for people better versed in this topic than myself, but nevertheless I'll provide a bit of background first for the edification of anyone who... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 34956,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-information, quantum-computer, algorithms",
"url": null
} |
java, parsing, android
EV_ABS ABS_MT_POSITION_Y 0000039b
EV_SYN SYN_MT_REPORT 00000000
EV_ABS ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR 00000015
EV_ABS ABS_MT_TRACKING_ID 00000002
EV_ABS ABS_MT_POSITION_X 00000242
EV_ABS ABS_MT_P... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 13654,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, parsing, android",
"url": null
} |
planet, earth, gas-giants
Title: Why don't storms on gas giants move to the poles, like hurricanes on Earth do? On Earth, hurricanes usually move from the equator to the poles. But if you look at a picture of Jupiter, you'd see that the Great Red Spot isn't anywhere near the poles. So the question is: why don't storms... | {
"domain": "astronomy.stackexchange",
"id": 1343,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "planet, earth, gas-giants",
"url": null
} |
integration, signal-energy
Title: Absolute and Square Summability & Integration of sinc function Is the sinc function both absolutely summable (L1 norm for Continuous time signals and l1 norm for Discrete time signals) and square summable (L2 norm for Continuous time signals and l2 norm for Discrete time signals) ?
Ca... | {
"domain": "dsp.stackexchange",
"id": 7473,
"lm_label": null,
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"tags": "integration, signal-energy",
"url": null
} |
Oh well, if all I'm missing is a tacit assumption, then I guess I'm satisfied that I understood the material. Thanks for the responses.
Bacle2
If you reverse the limits of integration,you will basically be seeking to
maximize ∫ (x2-x)dx, instead of ∫ x-x2dx .
This seems a different problem, tho maybe I misunderstood... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9626731105140616,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8346720118156784,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8670357598021707,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 408.1144864246268,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9089406132698059,
... |
determinism
Possible conclusions:
$A$ cannot definitively predict the future state of systems which it can strongly influence.
$A$ cannot definitively predict its own state in the future. Only some external machine $A'$, which does not interact much with $A$ (directly or indirectly), is able to do that. The other ans... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 97917,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "determinism",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, vectors
Title: When the vector sum of 3 co-planar forces, A, B, and C, is parallel to A, we can conclude that B and C: Option 1) must be equal and opposite
Option 2) must have equal and opposite components perpendicular to A
Option 3) must have equal and opposite components parallel to A
Opt... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 79632,
"lm_label": null,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, vectors",
"url": null
} |
differential equations (DDEs) differ from ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are considered. Depending upon the domain of the functions involved we have ordinary diï¬er-ential equations, or shortly ODE, when only one variable appears (as in equations (1.1)-(1.6)) or partial diï¬erential equations, shortly PDE, (a... | {
"domain": "janachladkova.cz",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9850429169195593,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8007091915985288,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8128673155708976,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 579.8513475887443,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6568361520767212,
"... |
# Understanding Sequence of Partial Sum notation
1. May 22, 2013
### Lebombo
{Edit: as of 3:55 eastern time, made corrections to tex and itex mistakes}
Is this all kosher in terms of demonstrating accuracy and comprehension of the notation $${a_{1} + a_{2}...} = \lim_{n\rightarrow ∞ } \sum_{n=1}^{n} a_{n}$$
So the... | {
"domain": "physicsforums.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9715639653084244,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8032033929626013,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117983401363,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 673.9324522193549,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8328919410705566,
"tag... |
virology, mutations, coronavirus
Title: Viral mutation rates and replication TL;DR
What's the relationship between the following?
Mutation rates (expressed as "mutations per year" for a virus like e.g. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). E.g. this article mentions "The rate looks to be about 24 mutations per year"
Actual virion r... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 10398,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "virology, mutations, coronavirus",
"url": null
} |
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