text stringlengths 49 10.4k | source dict |
|---|---|
machine-learning, computer-vision
Right now, whilst you are still learning, you can perform this search manually by editing your script, keeping notes on changes that seem to improve performance.
I would be concerned that 1000 training examples is not many for an image prediction task trained from scratch. Multiply b... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "machine-learning, computer-vision",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, charge, leptons
Title: Would it be consistent with QED to have leptons of different charges? A recent question, Equality of electric charges of all leptons, made me wonder about a specific aspect of why exactly the charges of the different (free) fundamental particles are all the same. Specifical... | {
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"id": 11828,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-field-theory, charge, leptons",
"url": null
} |
transfer-function, control-systems
Title: (How to ask a Homework Question): Define poles by using proportional controller Given is a process with the transfer function
$$G(s) = \frac{s - 1}{s^2 + 3s + 2}$$
I want to create a controller so that the poles of the controlled system are
$$p_{1,2} = -4 \pm i$$
Is it possibl... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "transfer-function, control-systems",
"url": null
} |
neural-network, deep-learning, tensorflow
Title: Which GUI library to use with Deep Learning I have completed basics Deep Learning course from coursera using Tensorflow and Keras.
Now I want to apply GUI to it.
So which library should i learn:
1.PyQt
2.Kivy
3.Tkinter
Are there libraries which can help to easily create... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "neural-network, deep-learning, tensorflow",
"url": null
} |
javascript, jquery, event-handling
$(document).ready( function() {
$('.compliance-guide :file').on('fileselect', function(event, label) {
var log = label;
if( log.length > 14 ) {
$('.compliance-guide-name').html(log.substring(0,14)+'...');
} else {
$('.co... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, jquery, event-handling",
"url": null
} |
fluid-dynamics
are there other forces that start to dominate - cohesive forces, adhesive forces, gravity and mass etc
The assumption is that the fluid at the bucket wall is moving at the rotational speed of the bucket i.e. adhesion of the liquid to the buckets is assumed large enough that neglect any slip at the wall... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "fluid-dynamics",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, friction, free-body-diagram
So $F_T$ = 170.0 N $\pm$ 59.4 N = 229.4 N or 110.6 N. How do you know which one to pick? Is there some sort of law that says the tension is always minimized?
This isn't even accounting for the fact that the real definition of static friction is $F_{fr} \le \mu F_N$, ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, friction, free-body-diagram",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, reference-frames, causality
Title: How is causality preserved between observers in a cosmological setting? Suppose that 2 observers are sending light signals to each other.If each of them are stationary in relation to a nearby galaxy, but each of these are separated by so great distance, they will ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, reference-frames, causality",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, operators, wavefunction, probability, complex-numbers
$$\langle A\rangle_\psi=\int\psi^*(x)A\psi(x)dx$$
where as the probability of being in the configuration $\psi(x)$ is
$$P=\int\psi^*(x)\psi(x)dx$$ | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, operators, wavefunction, probability, complex-numbers",
"url"... |
soft-question, de-sitter-spacetime
Caption: $\uparrow$ Click image to enlarge it.
For example, the equation in the upper left starts with
$T_{ds} \sim 1/R$
For extra credit - where is the blackboard / who wrote on it / etc?
(Note that I am also interested in the other blackboards, and suggest separate questions here... | {
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"tags": "soft-question, de-sitter-spacetime",
"url": null
} |
functional-programming, scala
object TicTacToe2 {
type Player = Char
type Coord = (Int, Int)
type Move = (Coord, Player)
val winCases: Set[Set[Coord]] = Set(
Set((1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3)),
Set((2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3)),
Set((3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)),
Set((1, 1), (2, 1), (3, 1)),
Set((1, 2), (2,... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "functional-programming, scala",
"url": null
} |
python, performance, primes
Title: Fast nth prime in Python using trial division I'm trying to speed this code up for larger values of N. Any suggestions?
I'd like to stick to this implementation and not move on to something more complex like numpy or sieves.
Is there any low hanging performance I'm missing?
import ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, performance, primes",
"url": null
} |
pcl, rosmake, pcl-ros
CMakeFiles/temp3.dir/src/temp3.cpp.o:(.rodata._ZTVN3pcl6search17OrganizedNeighborINS_8PointXYZEEE[vtable for pcl::search::OrganizedNeighborpcl::PointXYZ]+0x30): undefined reference to pcl::search::OrganizedNeighbor<pcl::PointXYZ>::radiusSearch(pcl::PointXYZ const&, double, std::vector<int, std::a... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 15352,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "pcl, rosmake, pcl-ros",
"url": null
} |
algorithm, strings, interview-questions, functional-programming, scala
I do think that we can just do with Priority Queue (and get rid of map), but could not come up with very clean code with that. Using just a priority queue
Yes, it's possible, although you would need a special implementation of priority queue, which... | {
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"tags": "algorithm, strings, interview-questions, functional-programming, scala",
"url... |
industrial-robot, calibration
Title: Re-Calibration of an articulated industrial robot We are planning to recalibrate ABB IRB 1410 robot and conduct series of accuracy & repeatability tests using FaroArm.
My questions are
i) Is there any physical identification marker on the robot which can be used to identify the loc... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 281,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "industrial-robot, calibration",
"url": null
} |
the-moon
Title: How can an area be on the day side 90% of the time? In the magazine "Ciel & Espace", it is stated that crater ridge next to Shackleton crater is an interesting landing site for future missions because it is lit up 90% of the time.
I get how an area can be in the shade 90% of the time, but how can an ar... | {
"domain": "astronomy.stackexchange",
"id": 5804,
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"tags": "the-moon",
"url": null
} |
table algorithms for constructing such a matrix are discussed. While the eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix are always real, this need not be the case for a non{symmetric matrix. Thanks for your response. They are all real; however, they are not necessarily all positive. This algorithm also supports solving the eigenval... | {
"domain": "sisaqua.pt",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9736446509776295,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8155441909315378,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8376199572530448,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 274.58852491214896,
"openwebmath_score": 0.85335773229599,
"tags": ... |
waves, acoustics
Title: Speakers and Changes in Temperature Let's say that there is a speaker that oscillates the same way. Now, let's say there is a sudden drop in temperature.
I know the speed of sound would drop. But, what will drop, the wavelength or the frequency?
In my head, the frequency should stay the same as... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 16957,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "waves, acoustics",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, gauge-theory, gauge
Title: What is the physical meaning of Lorenz gauge condition? What is the physical meaning of Lorenz gauge condition?
And what part of the solutions we throw? Although I think this is a good question - the finding of meaning and relationships between physics notions is always wor... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 32240,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electromagnetism, gauge-theory, gauge",
"url": null
} |
kinematics, projectile, curvature
As you can see, the sides of the parabola are pretty flat, whereas its vertex and the surrounding region (i.e.: at $x=0$) have a relatively sharp corner.
So the question is how to mathematically describe this property?
Well, one way to do it is to use circles. The part of the curve th... | {
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"id": 23126,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "kinematics, projectile, curvature",
"url": null
} |
spacetime, time
Title: Resources for current thought on time/spacetime? Are any of the big-name physicists associated with the time in the same way that Hawking and Penrose are associated with black holes? I'm interested in some good books that focus on the topic. Hawking has his Brief History of Time, which also deal... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 1872,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "spacetime, time",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, condensed-matter, operators, second-quantization, tight-binding
Title: How does the Hubbard hamiltonian change when considering a Peierls distortion (bipartite lattice)? The following is the Hubbard contribution to the hamiltonian in the Hubbard-Tight Binding model.
$$H_{hubbard}=U \sum_i n_{i \upar... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, condensed-matter, operators, second-quantization, tight-binding... |
java, parsing, generics, library
.
public interface TypeParser<T>{
T parse(String input, ParseHelper helper);
} | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, parsing, generics, library",
"url": null
} |
ros, ros-melodic, static-transform-publisher, turtlebot3
<!-- move_base -->
<node pkg="move_base" type="move_base" respawn="false" name="$(arg namespace)_move_base" output="screen">
<param name="base_local_planner" value="dwa_local_planner/DWAPlannerROS" />
<param name="DWAPlannerROS/min_vel_x" value="0.0" i... | {
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"id": 37123,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, ros-melodic, static-transform-publisher, turtlebot3",
"url": null
} |
performance, r
aa<-c('Jul','Jul','Jul','Oct','Oct','Oct')
bb<-c('MA1','MA2','MA3','MA1','MA2','MA3')
a<-c(NA,100:104) #when loaded, the data has both NA's and 0's
b<-seq(1,12,2)
c<-seq(0,35,6)
d<-c(NA,NA,2000,NA,200,0)
e<-c(1:6)
Chiro.1<-data.frame(aa,bb,a,b,c,d,e)
colnames(Chiro.1)<-c('Chironomidae','Habitat','0','0.... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "performance, r",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, operators, wick-theorem
Title: Demonstration Wick's theorem I read a lot about Wick's theorem, on the internet and on this site, but I'm unable to find the answer to my question.
I have a problem trying to demonstrate Wick's theorem: I know it is done by induction, so I had some issues with $k=2$... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, operators, wick-theorem",
"url": null
} |
Average area of a random circle inside a triangle
Pick a random point inside a triangle $(0,0)(1,0)(0,1)$ (with uniform distribution) and draw a largest circle around it, which fully lies inside the triangle. What is the expected value of the circle area?
I solved the problem, but I don't have an answer to check my s... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9744347860767304,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8077468144752884,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388125473628,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 195.37093433020186,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9033203721046448,
"ta... |
php, form
I might then build on top of this:
function array_get_string(array $array, $key, $default = '')
{
$val = array_get($array, $key);
return (is_string($val)) ? $val : $default;
}
Or, if you wanted to bake in the trim functionality:
function array_get_string(array $array, $key, $default = '', $trim = tr... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, form",
"url": null
} |
Assuming that individual systems do have rational Z-transforms, then we have the following expression for the composite (cascade) system Z-transfom:
\begin{align} H(z) &=\frac{ \sum_{k=0}^{M} B[k]z^{-k} } {\sum_{k=0}^{N} A[k]z^{-k}} = H_1(z) H_2(z) \\ \\ &= \left( \frac{ \sum_{k=0}^{M_1} b_1[k]z^{-k} } {\sum_{k=0}^{N_1... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8723473779969194,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1647.3619329906733,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9335691928863525,
"tag... |
# How to show that $\sum_{n,m = 1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{\left(n+m\right)!}$ converges absolutely
I am working with the series
$$\sum_{n,m = 1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{\left(n+m\right)!}$$
and I would like to show that it converges absolutely. It is easy to see that it actually converges to $1$ as
$$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \sum_... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9799765616345254,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8269974286764769,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8438951104066293,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 139.53769249070436,
"openwebmath_score": 0.95768803358078,
"tags... |
java, android, casting
Title: Can casting to fragment be more efficient than using a variable? I'm new to using fragments in Android. I'm working on an app using a sliding panel layout and I just came up with an idea for changing my fragments. I decided to create the following method:
private void changeFrag(Objec... | {
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"tags": "java, android, casting",
"url": null
} |
Step 5: Pick which order the 2 and 1 appear in. Since the 2 must come before the 1 according to our rules, there is only one choice. $\underline{5}\underline{8}\underline{7}\underline{9}\underline{2}\underline{1}$
As a result, we have picked all of the needed information to completely classify a given sequence followi... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9817357211137667,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8094037174706245,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8244619199068831,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 296.0854893725429,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7360175848007202,
"tag... |
diffusion
$$
\langle \vec{x}^2\rangle = \frac{2dT}{m\eta_D}\, t.
$$
Comparing to the mean square deviation from the diffusion equation $\partial_0n-D\nabla^2 n=0$ I get
$$
D =\frac{T}{m\eta_D}
$$
independent of $d$. This is the Einstein relation.
The second ingredient is to use the drag force predicted by Stokes dr... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "diffusion",
"url": null
} |
php, object-oriented, design-patterns, classes
Notice I take out the false check, if it's an array, it won't be false.
$result = $this->fetch_details($e_mail,$p_word);
if (!is_array($result)) {
throw new Exception('Invalid Username or Password');
}
$this->email = $result['u_email'];
$this->hash = $resul... | {
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"id": 8389,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, object-oriented, design-patterns, classes",
"url": null
} |
java, linked-list
Title: Singly linked list implementation in Java without help of java.util.linkedlist I am learning Java and as a first exercise I tried to implement singly linked list without the help of java.util. I tested my program for basic operations and it seems to work fine. But I still want to know if there... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, linked-list",
"url": null
} |
roslaunch, rosjava
Title: how to create a .launch file with a node developed with ROSJava
I would like to create a .launch file to use the command:
roslaunch robot.launch
But, I don't know how to translate the following shell call into a .launchfile:
rosrun rosjava_bootstrap run.py bumperCar
org.lejos.ros.nodes.bum... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "roslaunch, rosjava",
"url": null
} |
algorithms, sorting, recurrence-relation, recursion, quicksort
$$
T(n+1) = T(0) + T(n) + n+1 = \frac{n(n+1)}{2} + n+1 = \frac{(n+1)(n+2)}{2}.
$$
Instead of arguing using convexity, we can also argue directly:
$$
T(k) + T(n-k) = \frac{k(k+1) + (n-k)(n-k+1)}{2} =
\frac{n(n+1)}{2}-k(n-k),
$$
which is clearly maximized (u... | {
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"tags": "algorithms, sorting, recurrence-relation, recursion, quicksort",
"url": null
} |
I solved it this way, any suggestions always welcome
c/b > 3/80 ( from question)
5/b > 3 / 80
(80 x 5 / 3) > b
This reduces to
133.3333 > b
So the number of burgers have to be less than 133.33 & as u dont get 0.33 burger in Mc Donalds Max burgers is 133
Give me a Big Kudoos Meal Combo if this helps
______________... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.49755859375,
"tags": null,
"url": "... |
parameter \twocolumn to the document class statement. \alpha \theta o o ˝ \tau \beta # \vartheta ˇ \pi ˛ \upsilon \gamma \iota$ \varpi ˚ \phi \delta \kappa ˆ \rho ’ \varphi \epsilon \lambda % \varrho ˜ \chi. How to Typeset Formulas in LaTeX. Only Professional WritersAcademic writing is a tough chore, and that is why yo... | {
"domain": "puntoopera.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9504109728022221,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8402006294041525,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8840392771633078,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1388.7920082618878,
"openwebmath_score": 0.952876627445221,
"tag... |
homework-and-exercises, quantum-field-theory, mathematical-physics, second-quantization
$\newcommand{\ket}[1]{\vert #1 \rangle}$
In the position basis $\hat{p}^2$ acts as
$$ -\nabla^2 \psi(x) = \bra{x}\hat{p}^2\ket{\psi}$$
From
\begin{align}
\bra{\psi}\hat{p}^2\ket{\psi}&=\int\mathrm{dr}\,\bra{\psi}\ket{r}\bra{r}\hat... | {
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"id": 20804,
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, quantum-field-theory, mathematical-physics, second-quantiz... |
c, algorithm, project-euler
Title: Function to find sum of digits in the number a^b where a, b are positive integers I was solving Project Euler problem 16, which asks to find the sum of digits of the number 2 raised to the power 1000. Using Python, it can be solved in one line of code:
sum(map(int, list(str(2**1000))... | {
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"tags": "c, algorithm, project-euler",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, momentum, conservation-laws, collision
my isolated system ... of which $M$ is fixed to the floor of the system.
You have to pick. Either the system is isolated, or the mass $M$ is interacting with the "floor". You can't have both. Therefore you should not be surprised that starting from this cont... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, momentum, conservation-laws, collision",
"url": null
} |
c#, unity3d, snake-game
}
} Just a few remarks. Reviewing bottom-up.
public class MultipleValuesDictionary<key, value>
Don't name classes dictionary if they aren't one (implementing the IDictionary<,> interface). It's confusing.
You can derive a type from the dictionary instead of implementing only parts of it and i... | {
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"tags": "c#, unity3d, snake-game",
"url": null
} |
c++, matrix, c++20
// return a matrix subset
Matrix2D sub_matrix(size_t row_start, size_t col_start, size_t row_count, size_t col_count) const
{
Matrix2D ret(row_count, col_count);
if (row_start + row_count > rows || col_start + col_count > cols)
throw std::range... | {
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"url": null
} |
To just get started, consider the fact that if $(a,b,c,d)$ is a solution, then so is $(\lambda a, \lambda b, \lambda c, \lambda d)$ for every $\lambda \in \mathbb{F}_{q^{2}}$. Use this to consider two cases: first, $x = 0$ (this is rather easy; I will leave this part to you). Second, if $x \neq 0$, then you can assume ... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 105.6230375550463,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9110234379768372,
"tag... |
particle-physics, charge, standard-model, antimatter, mesons
Title: How can charm mesons conserve charge? If a charm meson can change from particle to antiparticle. Then how can charge be conserved if they have different charges. what am i missing? Only the neutral charm mesons (${ { D }^{ 0 } }$ and $\overline { { D ... | {
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"tags": "particle-physics, charge, standard-model, antimatter, mesons",
"url": null
} |
conventions
for the Lagrangian $L(q,\dot{q},t)$.
In Hamiltonian mechanics, the generalized momenta $p = (p_1,\dots,p_n)$ are used instead of the velocities, and the equations of motion are $2n$ first-order differential equations
$$ \dot{p} - \frac{\partial H}{\partial q} \quad \wedge \quad \dot{q} = \frac{\partial H}{... | {
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"tags": "conventions",
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} |
python, performance, mathematics
First of all, let us do some short-circuiting. You're doing a lot of logic to see if it is a nice geometric progression, and after all the hard work, you check some very easy conditions. Turn that around!
def check(obj):
if len(obj) <= 2 or not int_check(obj):
return False
... | {
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"url": null
} |
Provided that both $m$ and $n$ are big enough, $(m+n)!\geq (mn)^2$ holds$^{(*)}$, hence absolute convergence is granted and we may rearrange the double sum as we like. For instance: $$\sum_{m,n=1}^{+\infty}\frac{1}{(m+n)!}=\sum_{s=2}^{+\infty}\sum_{n=1}^{s-1}\frac{1}{s!}=\sum_{s\geq 2}\frac{s-1}{s!}=\sum_{s\geq 1}\frac... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9825575137315161,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8230097866332436,
"lm_q2_score": 0.837619961306541,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 264.2973518691047,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8697252869606018,
"tags... |
python, json, stack, depth-first-search
Title: Python script to convert hierarchical JSON to LaTeX itemize I have the following JSON:
{
"items": [
{
"item": "abc",
"status": "ready"
},
{
"item": "def",
"status": "ready"
},
{
"item": "ghi",
"status": "done",
... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, json, stack, depth-first-search",
"url": null
} |
entomology, ethology, habitat
Title: Preferred criteria for new bee colony location As a human I want a house with a roof, indoor plumbing, bug free, and make my wife happy. I don't want to drive too far to work, and it has to be well-suited for offspring.
What are the criteria that define a "good spot" for a new loc... | {
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"id": 5440,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "entomology, ethology, habitat",
"url": null
} |
probability-theory, information-theory
Title: what is the relationship between entropy and variance? Consider a simple Bernoulli variable X
X = 1 with probability p
X = 0 with probability (1-p)
The variance is simply p(1-p). The entropy is -p*ln(p)-(1-p)*ln(1-p) Both are measures of uncertainty. What is the advantage... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "probability-theory, information-theory",
"url": null
} |
gas-giants, orbital-migration
Title: Is there any evidence that the Gas Giant planets in our solar system are experiencing orbital migration? Planetary migration is defined by Lubow and Ida (2010) in their article Planet Migration as
the process by which a planet’s orbital radius changes in time. The
main agent fo... | {
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"id": 92,
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"tags": "gas-giants, orbital-migration",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, lagrangian-formalism, gauge-theory, noethers-theorem, gauge-invariance
$$J^\mu=\frac{\partial\mathscr{L}}{\partial(\partial_\mu\psi)}\delta\psi+\frac{\partial\mathscr{L}}{\partial(\partial_\mu\bar\psi)}\delta\bar\psi+\frac{\partial\mathscr{L}}{\partial(\partial_\mu A_\rho)}\delta A_\rho-\left[\frac{\... | {
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"id": 87787,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electromagnetism, lagrangian-formalism, gauge-theory, noethers-theorem, gauge-inva... |
statistical-mechanics
Title: ${1 \over T} e^{-i/T}$ for Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution There is a book from Tom Carter on entropy. In the Economics I application (page 111), he ingeniously computes that the distribution of fixed amount of M money over N individual tends to
$$p_i = {1 \over T}\, e^{-i/T}$$
The temperatu... | {
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"tags": "statistical-mechanics",
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} |
# Line up equations
I want to line up my two equations by the two first equal signals so I wrote this
\begin{align}
\left\
\begin{matrix}
\Delta l &= \Delta l_1 + \Delta l_2\\
N &= N_1(\Delta l_1)=N_2(\Delta_2)\\
\end{matrix}\right.
\end{align}
But I'm getting this:
• Welcome to TeX.SE. While code snippets are use... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9997114539146423,
"ta... |
c++, array, template, sfml
The first is the template definition that will be used when the template specialization (the second definition above) doesn't match, i.e. when there's no (more) content: SetsContainer<>.
The specialization inherits from the previously defined wrapper (and thus gets a member of type std::set<... | {
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"tags": "c++, array, template, sfml",
"url": null
} |
symmetry, group-theory
Interestingly, H&S does not list chiral forms of these point groups, probably because they are so rarely encountered, however researchers have come up with molecules that obligately satisfy $T$, $I$ and $O$ symmetry2 (I have not yet read the paper). | {
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"id": 115,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "symmetry, group-theory",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, everyday-chemistry, energy, heat, reactivity
Title: If aliens lived in a hydrogen (or any flammable gas) based atmosphere, would they perceive oxygen to be flammable? Energy, fuel, and oxygen are needed for a fire to burn. In a hydrogen chamber, if there was a pipe spewing small amounts of oxygen, coul... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, everyday-chemistry, energy, heat, reactivity",
"url": null
} |
classical-mechanics, mathematical-physics, hamiltonian-formalism, linear-algebra, eigenvalue
In my opinion, it will be difficult to deal with these question with the knowledge in this book. 1.Since $[,]$ is non-degenerate, there should be such an eigenvector $\eta$ corresponding to the eigenvalue $\lambda'$ for the e... | {
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"tags": "classical-mechanics, mathematical-physics, hamiltonian-formalism, linear-algebra, ... |
evolution, neuroscience
Several types of molecules are used as neurotransmitters; their evolutionary deployment in different synapse types across animals is fascinating and still poorly understood. Many are used widely in eukaryotes for intercellular communication, but some of the biogenic amines may be present in ani... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 10621,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "evolution, neuroscience",
"url": null
} |
fluid-dynamics, tensor-calculus, notation, flow, navier-stokes
Once I figure this out I assume the rest is just a trivial application of the divergence-free condition and from there we recover Poisson's equation.
Note that I have already read the following posts:
Index notation with Navier-Stokes equations and Questio... | {
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"tags": "fluid-dynamics, tensor-calculus, notation, flow, navier-stokes",
"url": null
} |
Can we define an inner product in terms of the norm induced by it?
I know that not all norms are induced by any inner product.
But if we have an inner product, $$\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle$$ we can define a norm $$||v||=\sqrt{\langle v,v\rangle}$$.
My question is, can we somehow reconstruct the inner product from thi... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9915543738075946,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8333245994514084,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 102.91766717503877,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9722070693969727,
"ta... |
image-processing, lowpass-filter, opencv, bandpass, highpass-filter
Title: How can I construct a Band-pass filter from a low and a high-pass filter? Suppose, I need to construct a Band-pass filter in OpenCV. But, I know, there are no functions in OpenCV for Band-pass filters.
Now, what I need to do is to have a low-p... | {
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"tags": "image-processing, lowpass-filter, opencv, bandpass, highpass-filter",
"url": null
} |
c
int main(void) {
char buf[100];
int test[] = {123, 456, 0, -42, INT_MAX, INT_MIN};
int n = sizeof test / sizeof *test;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// char *s = itoa_recursive_alt(test[i], sizeof buf, buf);
char *s = itoa_recursive_alt(test[i], sizeof buf, buf);
if (s == NULL)
s = "NULL";
... | {
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"tags": "c",
"url": null
} |
evolution, homework
Title: Which mountain range was formed first (historically) and which the pedigree is correct? Source 1:
Source 1 shows a map of a particular area. In this map you will find the mountain ranges 1 and 2, the species P, Q and R. Two possible pedigrees of the ancestral history of the species P, Q ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "evolution, homework",
"url": null
} |
python, tkinter, turtle-graphics
screen.setup(500, 600)
screen.title("Symmetries of an Equilateral Triangle")
screen.bgcolor("blue")
label1 = Label([-85, -55])
label2 = Label([0, 75])
label3 = Label([85, -55])
triangle = turtle.Turtle("triangle")
triangle.shapesize(120 / 20)
triangle.color("hotpink")
triangle.right(... | {
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"tags": "python, tkinter, turtle-graphics",
"url": null
} |
the null hypothesis Ho: Bf = Bm, where Bf is the regression coefficient for females, and Bm is the regression coefficient for males. And, if so, how can it be done? Calculating maximum power transfer for given circuit. Re: st: RE: comparing regression coefficients across models. This might not be a particularly interes... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.984336348990826,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8286395841024478,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8418256472515684,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1024.9227892529823,
"openwebmath_score": 0.40591081976890564,
"t... |
rust, library, vectors
You can clone, build and test it any time from my GitHub repository. My first recommendation is to use std::ops. Try writing implementations of ops::Add for addition, ops::Mul<Vec3<T>> for cross product, and ops::Mul<T> for scaler-vector multiplication. Not only does implementing these standard... | {
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"tags": "rust, library, vectors",
"url": null
} |
machine-learning, python, scikit-learn, feature-selection, feature-importances
I am getting a similar output like the below(I forgot to include Over18, but it is just to give an idea of the output):
Although I have difficulties in interpreting the results, especially circles and negative values, I would like to under... | {
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"tags": "machine-learning, python, scikit-learn, feature-selection, feature-importances"... |
general-relativity, differential-geometry, curvature, differentiation, notation
&=& Y^\alpha \left[\partial_\alpha X^\mu e_\mu + X^\mu (\omega_\mu^\nu)_\sigma e_\nu \delta^\sigma_\alpha\right]\\
&=& Y^\alpha \left[\partial_\alpha X^\mu e_\mu + X^\mu (\omega_\mu^\nu)_\alpha e_\nu \right]
\end{eqnarray}
You will recogni... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, differential-geometry, curvature, differentiation, notation",
... |
# constructing a symmetric matrix for finite difference
I come across the following operator in a paper
$$\mathcal{I}\psi = \psi_{xxxx} + (r~\psi_x)_x$$,
where $$\psi=\psi(x)$$ and $$r=r(x)$$. Periodic boundary condition is employed. It claims that the operator $$\mathcal{I}$$ is symmetric. Suppose I use finite diff... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 494.23952605752584,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9512563943862915,
"tag... |
machine-learning, python, keras, batch-normalization
Title: Batch Normalization and Dropout together causing incorrect segmentation results So, I've been running a test to see how well a number of networks can perform road segmentation on a particular customer's dataset. I am testing UNET, RDRCNN, and Tiramisu agains... | {
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"id": 5883,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "machine-learning, python, keras, batch-normalization",
"url": null
} |
c#, performance, algorithm, chess
private static void Izvejdane()
{
Console.WriteLine("Nachalna Poziciq : {0},{1}", redoveBukvi[nachalenRed], nachalnaKolona + 1);
var naiDobriRedove = new List<List<int>>();
var naiDobriKoloni = new List<List<int>>();
var skipRedove = new List<int>()... | {
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"id": 19141,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, performance, algorithm, chess",
"url": null
} |
distributed-systems
Title: Soft question: program result verification Let's say there's a cloud computing service that allows people to run arbitrary programs and get the results. The idea being that your machine is too slow, and you don't want to overwhelm it. If your program is something like "factorize 156729653572... | {
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"id": 10978,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "distributed-systems",
"url": null
} |
filters, filter-design, lowpass-filter, filtering, bandpass
My question is, how is the bandpass transformation designed, in terms of either combining lowpass filters or by pole placement?
Related question, but using a different derivation technique, and reference is made to the lowpass/highpass derivation, but it is ... | {
"domain": "dsp.stackexchange",
"id": 9603,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "filters, filter-design, lowpass-filter, filtering, bandpass",
"url": null
} |
differential-geometry, topology, anti-de-sitter-spacetime
This is not very physically reasonable (or useful), so it's not what we usually call anti-de Sitter spacetime, and it's not what the image in the link shows. To get something a bit more realistic, we take the universal cover of this spacetime. You can look up t... | {
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"id": 70464,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "differential-geometry, topology, anti-de-sitter-spacetime",
"url": null
} |
sql, sql-server
FROM
Keys SK
WHERE
SK.rn > ((@PageNumber-1) * @PageSize)
ORDER BY
SK.JobNumber DESC)
SELECT SK.rn,J.JobNumber,J.OwnerID,J.Description,J.Client,SK.CustID,OrderNumber, CAST(DateAdd(d, -2, CAST(isnull(SK.DateIn,0) AS DateTime)) AS nvarchar) AS DateIn, CAST(DateAdd(d, -2, C... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 522,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "sql, sql-server",
"url": null
} |
Let $$u(r,\theta)=r\cos \theta$$. Since it is a real part of the analytic function $$z=r e^{i\theta}$$, we find that $$\triangle u=0,\ \ \ \lim\limits_{r\to 1^-}u(r,\theta)=\cos \theta.$$ By $$\text{(*)}$$ it follows that $$r\cos \theta =\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi} \frac{\cos t(1-r^2)}{1-2r\cos (t-\theta)+r^2}\mathrm{d... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.981735725388777,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8284819783670943,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8438951104066293,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 586.2961594415943,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9999160766601562,
"tags... |
stim, defect-diagram
Q2: As seen in Figure 15, what types of questions can be answered / what is the workflow for this defect diagram?
This figure is intended to be an overview of the various simulations that were done in the paper. It's not really supposed to surprise you with new answers, but rather to present an i... | {
"domain": "quantumcomputing.stackexchange",
"id": 5375,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "stim, defect-diagram",
"url": null
} |
machine-learning, generative-adversarial-networks, regularization, r1-regularization
Title: Can someone explain R1 regularization function in simple terms? I'm trying to understand the R1 regularization function, both the abstract concept and every symbol in the formula.
According to the article, the definition of R1 ... | {
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"id": 3979,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "machine-learning, generative-adversarial-networks, regularization, r1-regularization",
... |
quantum-mechanics, homework-and-exercises, quantum-information, quantum-measurements
Title: How to determine the measurement operators of a two qubit system? I'm reviewing material for my quantum information module and I came across the following question:
"A projective measurement in the standard computational basis ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 67564,
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, homework-and-exercises, quantum-information, quantum-measuremen... |
inorganic-chemistry, electron-affinity, alkaline-earth-metals
$\Delta H_{eg1}$ is positive for Be and Mg
Where $\Delta H_{eg1}$ is the first electron gain enthalpy.
It seemed quite reasonable as Be and Mg have fully filled $\ce{ns^2}$ configuration and also that the incoming electron would enter the higher energy p o... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 15642,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "inorganic-chemistry, electron-affinity, alkaline-earth-metals",
"url": null
} |
python, classes, library, python-2.x
def createEnemy(enemy):
#enemy = character()
enemy.LVL = hero.LVL
enemyClass = random.randint(1, 5)
enemy.curClass = enemyClass
enemy.statPoints += (enemy.LVL - 1) * 3
if enemy.curClass == 1:
enemy.STR += int(enemy.statPoints * 0.50)
enemy.... | {
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"tags": "python, classes, library, python-2.x",
"url": null
} |
Thought I would post my results of the suggestion above by Bram to determine how often each square is visited starting at (1,1): I wrote a recursive Mathematica routine (code below) which begins counting at (1,1) then branching to all the other squares according to the neighbors of each square. So as above, (1,1)=1 at ... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9706877675527112,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8002951004666345,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8244619199068831,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 509.7238014077482,
"openwebmath_score": 0.44133034348487854,
"ta... |
bash
saver comes with NO WARRANTY. This program is completely free and you
can redistribute it under the GNU General Public License conditions.
See https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt for more information
saver was made to simplify the process of backuping using rsync.
This program will automaticly exclude th... | {
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"id": 38712,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "bash",
"url": null
} |
kinematics, acceleration, mathematics, displacement
You get a similar series if you consider the displacement, after 1 second, of an object starting at position = 1 m, with v = 1 m/s and subjected to acceleration = 1 m/s^2 and to successive derivatives of position with respect to time (jerk, snap, crackle, pop... and ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 71843,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "kinematics, acceleration, mathematics, displacement",
"url": null
} |
# Thread: Proof of two similar matrices have same eigenvalue and a question
1. ## Proof of two similar matrices have same eigenvalue and a question
Theorem:
I've a question regarding the proof of a theorem.
There is a theorem in my linear algebra book that states:
"If $A$ and $B$ are similar $n$ x $n$ matrices, th... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9830850882200038,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8014429037144243,
"lm_q2_score": 0.815232489352,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 431.9328534171815,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9996789693832397,
"tag... |
genetics, immunology, population-genetics, medicine, human-evolution
Gundorova, Polina, Rena A. Zinchenko, Irina A. Kuznetsova, Elena A. Bliznetz, Anna A. Stepanova, and Aleksander V. Polyakov. “Molecular-Genetic Causes for the High Frequency of Phenylketonuria in the Population from the North Caucasus.” PLoS ONE 13, ... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 11957,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "genetics, immunology, population-genetics, medicine, human-evolution",
"url": nu... |
where $P_k(x)$ is a polynomial of degree $n$, then
$$y=c_ne^{r_nx}+c_{n-1}e^{r_{n-1}x}+\dots+c_1e^{r_1x}+Q_k(x)$$
where $Q_k(x)$ is some polynomial of degree $n$ and $r_p$ are the roots to the auxiliary equation
$$a_nr^n+a_{n-1}r^{n-1}+\dots+a_0=0$$
If we have repeated roots, see here.
Notice that the coefficients... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9790357610169274,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9993475079536438,
"ta... |
Now let me rearrange my two equations by putting the term which contains $$\frac 98$$ on the left hand side.
$$T-6g-6\frac g8 = T-6(g+\frac g8) = 6b$$ and $$T-7g-7\frac g8 = T-7(g+\frac g8) = 7(-b)$$
Now these two equations are Newton's second law applied in the accelerating frame of the lift with two fictitious/pseu... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9658995723244552,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8006716363589583,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388040954684,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 127.26211447869551,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8100247979164124,
"ta... |
python, programming-challenge, higher-order-functions
Title: Application of higher-order function in Python
If \$f\$ is a numerical function and \$n\$ is a positive integer, then
we can form the \$n\$th repeated application of \$f\$, which is
defined to be the function whose value at \$x\$ is
\$f(f(...(f(x))...... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, programming-challenge, higher-order-functions",
"url": null
} |
python, datetime, validation, error-handling
def week_init():
return [init_week(), init_before_day()]
# alternatively (without the helpers): return [read_date(), read_date(dtt.date.today())]
For the second part, I suggest factoring out the mapping logic from inputting the date (or at least, the date should al... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, datetime, validation, error-handling",
"url": null
} |
c#, parsing, type-safety, framework
Title: Type converter framework (v2) This is the second version of my type converter framework.
The the previous one can be found here: Type creator service & framework
In this version I mostly implemented what @Dmitry Nogin suggested in his great reviews
I also extended it so that ... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 20400,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, parsing, type-safety, framework",
"url": null
} |
optics, waves, laser, calculus
Title: Two-level laser rate equation I am stuck on what I assume is a very basic rearranging of terms in Siegman's Lasers, Page 204. Here, the saturation of a laser medium is introduced. The change of the populations of two energy levels are given as
$$\frac{\text{d}N_1}{\text{d}t}=-\fra... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 52895,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "optics, waves, laser, calculus",
"url": null
} |
image-processing, convolution, gaussian, sift
Title: Why Does the Odd Multiple of $ \frac{\pi}{4} $ on Gaussian Cause Loss in Repeatability Under Image Rotations? I couldn't figure out below paragraph on SURF paper and hope that someone can help me to understand it. Why image rotations around odd multiples of $\frac{\... | {
"domain": "dsp.stackexchange",
"id": 1880,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "image-processing, convolution, gaussian, sift",
"url": null
} |
entomology, habitat
Title: Do hornets return to the same nest after winter each year? I have what I think is a hornet nest on the soffit of my house.
The nest has been removed, however, the hornets keep rebuilding. Also, they have started to swarm the sewer vent pipe (not shown in photo).
If fail to get rid of the ho... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 9008,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "entomology, habitat",
"url": null
} |
python, pygame
def tick(self, dt):
self.offset = max(0.0, self.offset - dt * REFILL_SPEED)
class Board(object):
"""
A rectangular board of cells, with properties:
`w` -- width in cells.
`h` -- height in cells.
`size` -- total number of cells.
`board` -- list of cells.
`matches` -- ... | {
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"tags": "python, pygame",
"url": null
} |
Conversely, every example has this form. Indeed, if $R$ is not local and has exactly two prime ideals, both prime ideals must be maximal. It follows that $\operatorname{Spec}(R)$ is a discrete space with two points $\mathfrak p$ and $\mathfrak q$. From the fact that the structure sheaf on $\operatorname{Spec}(R)$ is a ... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.973240718366854,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8402878724333068,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8633916117313211,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 63.939015577941085,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9401620626449585,
"tag... |
frequency-spectrum, demodulation, fsk, synchronization
Title: Spectral effects of multiplying a signal by itself? This has to do with creating the synchronization circuit for MSK in a DSP as described in "Minimum Shift Keying" by Subbarayan Pasupathy published in IEEE Communications Magazine.
At the beginning of the c... | {
"domain": "dsp.stackexchange",
"id": 2158,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "frequency-spectrum, demodulation, fsk, synchronization",
"url": null
} |
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