text stringlengths 49 10.4k | source dict |
|---|---|
physical-chemistry, quantum-chemistry
Title: Why is C a matrix and not a vector in Roothaan Equations? I'm trying to figure out why $C$ is a matrix and not a vector in the Roothaan Equations. Below, I have a derivation which I have taken from this PDF in which, to me, $C$ appears to be a vector. But when I look at oth... | {
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"tags": "physical-chemistry, quantum-chemistry",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, lagrangian-formalism, symmetry, renormalization
Title: Making the most general lagrangian of triplet scalar fields under $SU(3)$ symmetry I need to write the most general renormalized lagrangian under those conditions:
The symmetry is global $SU(3)_G$
There is 3 triplets of scalar field $\phi(3)... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, lagrangian-formalism, symmetry, renormalization",
"url": n... |
c, parsing, linux, status-monitoring, x11
free(account_number_struct.data);
curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
curl_global_cleanup();
return 0;
}
static int
parse_token_json(char *raw_json)
{
cJSON *parsed_json = cJSON_Parse(raw_json);
cJSON *token = cJSON_GetObjectItem(parsed_json, "token");
if (!token... | {
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"tags": "c, parsing, linux, status-monitoring, x11",
"url": null
} |
c++, hash-map
The first note I want to make is the name. A searchX() function usually return a reference to something. I would name it checkX().
In this case rather than using a for loop you can use one of the standard function. In this case we can use find(). You are looking for a failure (but that's a thing).
au... | {
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"tags": "c++, hash-map",
"url": null
} |
electrostatics, electric-fields, capacitance, dielectric
What I'm missing is how to obtain the equilibrium charge distribution. I think it might be an energy minimization problem on the $E$ field, but I'm unsure of both how to set that up or how to solve it. This result follows from a standard problem in the method of... | {
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"tags": "electrostatics, electric-fields, capacitance, dielectric",
"url": null
} |
mechanical-engineering, thermodynamics, heat-transfer
My problem is how to model the system and get model calculations for the transfers between each step, so, for example, solving the equation so I know if I use a given cumulative wattage of Peltier tile, it'll reduce the temperature of the system by a given amount i... | {
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"tags": "mechanical-engineering, thermodynamics, heat-transfer",
"url": null
} |
regression, optimization, game
The trick is in generating good candidate points (step 2) in order to speed up convergence to the maximum. I have a few basic ideas that can help:
pick a random position by drawing from a random distribution (say gaussian) with mean equal to the current position and standard deviation s... | {
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"tags": "regression, optimization, game",
"url": null
} |
black-holes, event-horizon
Title: Destroying a black hole Is there any (known? theoretical?) way to destroy a black-hole?
"Destroy" means forcing it to disappear - before it evaporates through Hawking radiation.
"Disappear" means that it stops being a black-hole: no more event horizon, no more impossibility for light... | {
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"tags": "black-holes, event-horizon",
"url": null
} |
everyday-life, friction, air
Another question, kind of opposite to the original one, would be why the wheels are not just made out of metals. Well, that would be an uneasy ride and the metal would be damaged very quickly, too. One needs some "spare room" so that the tires' thickness may change by a few centimeters if ... | {
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"tags": "everyday-life, friction, air",
"url": null
} |
slam, navigation, rviz, slam-gmapping, gmapping
ERROR The following nodes should be connected but aren't:
* /robot_state_publisher->/robot_pose_ekf (/tf)
* /robot_pose_ekf->/base_laser_self_filter (/tf)
* /gazebo->/slam_gmapping (/base_scan/scan)
* /gazebo->/slam_gmapping (/clock)
* /robot_state_publisher->/base_... | {
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"tags": "slam, navigation, rviz, slam-gmapping, gmapping",
"url": null
} |
Find the left- and right-side limits of the signum function sgn(x)\text{sgn}(x)sgn(x) as x→0:x \to 0:x→0: sgn(x)={∣x∣xx≠00x=0.\text{sgn}(x)= x→1−lim∣x−1∣2x(x−1). Already have an account? So the function increases without bound on the right side and decreases without bound on the left side. As shown, it is continuous... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9770226260757067,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8098919775555254,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388146603365,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1618.428281974271,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9772645235061646,
"tags": null,... |
organic-chemistry, aromatic-compounds, reactivity, heterocyclic-compounds
Title: Why does selenophene not undergo aromatic substitution? Other derivatives like thiophene, pyrrole give electrophilic substitution but why not selenophene? Is it because selenophene does not have enough electron donating effect and not hav... | {
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"tags": "organic-chemistry, aromatic-compounds, reactivity, heterocyclic-compounds",
"ur... |
digital-communications, acoustics
Title: Acoustic waves propagation distance relation with carrier frequency? In electromagnetic waves, the energy formula is $E=hf$, that means frequency increasing will increase energy and so on the propagation distance.
In underwater acoustic waves, low frequencies can travel larger ... | {
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"tags": "digital-communications, acoustics",
"url": null
} |
c, macros, c11
}
void InputTest(void) {
int number;
input("Enter a number: ", number);
print(number);
}
int main() {
PrintTest();
InputTest();
return 0;
}
I'm specifically tagging C11 because I need to use _Generic to distinguish the types passed to the macros.
If you want to run this c... | {
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"tags": "c, macros, c11",
"url": null
} |
go, cryptography
Title: RC4 implementation in Go I'm new to Go, and as a learning project I've been implementing RC4, attempting to follow pseudo-code in the Wikipedia links (and trying not to look at the far-superior version in the crypto package).
Some questions:
Wikipedia suggests computing new array indexes using... | {
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"tags": "go, cryptography",
"url": null
} |
fft, averaging
This was with the default configuration settings for using the Welch function, which is using a 256 sample Hann window. This particular window increases the RBW by 1.5, so the RBW that created this spectrum would have been $1.5f_s/256 = 5.86 $ KHz. The Welch function normalizes this result to be in uni... | {
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"tags": "fft, averaging",
"url": null
} |
ros, rviz, transform-broadcaster, timer
}//end of while
return 0;
}//end of main
My launch file:
<launch>
<!-- RVIZ -->
<node name="rviz" pkg="rviz" type="rviz" args="-d $(find agv)/urdf.rviz" />
<arg name="gui" default="False" />
<param name="robot_description" textfile="$(find agv)/urdf/agv_.ur... | {
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"tags": "ros, rviz, transform-broadcaster, timer",
"url": null
} |
algorithm, c, random, sorting
The key difference here is that after each success where it increments b, it reshuffles the deck to prevent point #1 above from happening.. With this change, I get output like this:
% ./a.out 6
bogosort shuffled 1044 cards in 0.000013 seconds.
bogobogosort shuffled 544645... | {
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"url": null
} |
We prove that it iteratively eliminates very weakly dominated. The mission of the Python Software Foundation is to promote, protect, and advance the Python programming language, and to support and facilitate the growth of a diverse and international community of Python programmers. The 3rd and final problem in Hidden M... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9766692277960746,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8117518326123543,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8311430415844385,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1282.145413049841,
"openwebmath_score": 0.23353199660778046,
"tags": nu... |
gravity
Title: Is the gravity on Kepler 39b higher than on the Sun? According to the formula for gravitational acceleration $a = GM/r^2$ where $G=6.674 \times 10^{-11}$, Jupiter with mass 1.89813 × 10^27 kg and radius 69,911,000 m gives a gravity around 25m/s^2. The Sun with mass 1.989 × 10^30 kg and radius 695,510,00... | {
"domain": "astronomy.stackexchange",
"id": 3677,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "gravity",
"url": null
} |
electrostatics, potential, voltage, gauss-law, conductors
Title: Why does the graph of the electric potential of a conducting sphere look like this?
The graph of the electric potential of a conducting sphere with radius $R$ is curved when $r > R.$ Since the electric potential outside the sphere is $k\frac{Q}{r},$ sho... | {
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"tags": "electrostatics, potential, voltage, gauss-law, conductors",
"url": null
} |
python, beginner, python-3.x, number-guessing-game
def guess_game():
replay = 1
#Replay allows a user to replay the game without having to call the function again.
#The values are: 1 = Replay, any other character = End program
while (replay == 1):
#lives = Number of chances you have ... | {
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"url": null
} |
fluid-dynamics, pressure, navier-stokes
Now let's back to my original question:
Based on these calculations I would say that pressure in the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation is just a dummy variable, which does not have any physical meaning! I appreciate if someone could explain this to me! There are two pressure... | {
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"tags": "fluid-dynamics, pressure, navier-stokes",
"url": null
} |
cc.complexity-theory, circuit-complexity, big-picture, circuit-families
Title: Why are mod_m gates interesting? Ryan Williams just posted his lower bound on ACC, the class of problems that have constant depth circuits with unbounded fan-in and gates AND, OR, NOT and MOD_m for all possible m's.
What's so special about ... | {
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"tags": "cc.complexity-theory, circuit-complexity, big-picture, circuit-families",
"url": ... |
c#, performance, beginner, console, simulation
Attempt Number: 5
Total Attempts: 19214
Attempt Number: 6
Total Attempts: 4573
Attempt Number: 7
Total Attempts: 8161
Attempt Number: 8
Total Attempts: 99553
Attempt Number: 9
Total Attempts: 41036
Attempt Number: 10
Total Attempts: 84431
Average Attempts: 61947 | {
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"tags": "c#, performance, beginner, console, simulation",
"url": null
} |
sql, sql-server
Title: Read uncommited rows and lock row on update I have 5 (or more) instances of an application running on same or different machines. Each of these application will pass a comma separated string of UserIDs and the app should pick up a unique unused record (UserID) from a DB table, matching the user ... | {
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"tags": "sql, sql-server",
"url": null
} |
the centroid (in4, mm4, m4) Ic moment of inertia about the centroid (in 4, mm4, m4) Imin minimum moment of inertia of Ix and Iy (in 4, mm4, m4) Ix moment of inertia with respect to an x-axis (in 4, mm4, m4) Iy moment of inertia with respect to a y-axis (in 4, mm4, m4) J, Jo polar. An easy way to look at KD is to assume... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9850429147241161,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.809891579729708,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891327004132,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 971.1632840136223,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6123436093330383,
"tags": null... |
java, performance, image
/**
* Recreates the image using only unique pixels, starting from the left of the image.
*
* @param image
* @return
*/
private static BufferedImage createNewImage(final BufferedImage image) {
System.out.println("Generating points");
final List<Point... | {
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} |
machine-learning, neural-network, classification, deep-learning, keras
a = np.array(a)
x = a[:, 0: a.shape[1] - 1]
y = a[:, a.shape[1] - 1:]
mean_of_x = np.mean(x, axis = 0, keepdims = True)
std_of_x = np.std(np.float64(x), axis = 0, keepdims = True)
x = (x - mean_of_x) / std_of_x
n_classes = 2
y = keras.utils.to_c... | {
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"tags": "machine-learning, neural-network, classification, deep-learning, keras",
"url... |
php, codeigniter
if ($user_status == 1)
{
echo json_encode(array('error' => 'yes', 'message' => 'Sorry you must verify your account before logging in!'));
}
elseif ($user_status == 3)
{
echo json_encode(array('error' =>... | {
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3-4. Your drawing I think indicates where you are getting confused. In math, vectors are typically "column" vectors that is if $\mathbf{x}$ is a vector (or $p$-vector) I mean
$$\mathbf{x} = \begin{pmatrix} x_1 \\ \vdots \\ x_p \end{pmatrix}$$
which is contrary to your illustration. The author goes through this defini... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7873895764350891,
"tag... |
and logarithmic functions, Of exponential function jj ii derivative of, 11 exponential and logarithmic functions work, Exponential functions Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions. Derivative Of Exponential Function. The natural logarithm, or logarithm to base e, is the inverse function to the natural exp... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9914225140794154,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8151368105112866,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891261650248,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 304.00894128496043,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8396673202514648,
"ta... |
javascript, performance
Title: Build list of prefixes, including the whole string There is a string "abcdebfkj", we need to transform this string to the below array:
expected o/p:
["a", "a.b", "a.b.c", "a.b.c.d", "a.b.c.d.e", "a.b.c.d.e.b", "a.b.c.d.e.b.f", "a.b.c.d.e.b.f.k", "a.b.c.d.e.b.f.k.j"]
I am able to do th... | {
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"tags": "javascript, performance",
"url": null
} |
organic-chemistry, physical-chemistry, home-experiment
Love chemistry.
Learn in an organized matter. (For example, do not jump from studying about covalent bonds' basics to reaction mechanism.
Take notes of the most important points of what you learn.
Look for open-source online tutorials and not only the books.
Some ... | {
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"tags": "organic-chemistry, physical-chemistry, home-experiment",
"url": null
} |
machine-learning, classification, scikit-learn
Title: ValueError: Found input variables with inconsistent numbers of samples [43,19] So, I've been trying to split my dataset into a 70-30 ratio using train_test_split in order to work things out with sklearn's PLS. However, I encountered an error that says:
# Read data
... | {
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"tags": "machine-learning, classification, scikit-learn",
"url": null
} |
c++, library, arduino
Comments of the source file:
It is better to define the include path in the Makefile instead of the
source file. So the Makefile would have something like
-I $(PROJECT)/BrushCommon/
as a part of the compilation rule.
Some of the code is hard to read because of a lack of spacing around
operat... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, library, arduino",
"url": null
} |
biochemistry, temperature, carbohydrates
Abstract
'Resistant starch' (RS) is defined as starch and starch degradation products that resist the action of amylolytic enzymes. The effect of multiple heating/cooling treatments on the RS content of legumes, cereals and tubers was studied. The mean RS contents of the fres... | {
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"tags": "biochemistry, temperature, carbohydrates",
"url": null
} |
## Plagiarism Checker
Submit your documents and get free Plagiarism report
Free Plagiarism Checker
## Recent Questions in Math
Looking for Something Else? Ask a Similar Question | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.45836108922958374,
"tags"... |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics
Title: Finding speed in the system This a quite simple question, unfortunately I can't get why my solution and the correct solution don't match.
A particle P of mass $0.2$ kg rests on a rough plane inclined at $30$ degrees to the horizontal. The coefficient of
friction be... | {
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"url": null
} |
you can check your answer using discs (washers) of thickness dy, but you have to split the region into two parts because the left boundary changes where the curves intersect at (0,4). You also have to express x as a function of y.
v = ∫[4/e,4] π(R^2-r^2) dy + ∫[4,4e] π(R^2-r^2) dy
where R=1 and r changes from -ln(y/4) ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.828938806208442,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1745.2616653366454,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9373719096183777,
"tags": nul... |
electrostatics, charge
Note that Griffiths is here discussing what happens when you double the total charge $Q$ on a conductor - not any medium - and let the charge distribute itself freely. The proof he refers to in Chapter 3 is the Second uniqueness theorem:
In a volume $\mathcal{V}$ surrounded by conductors and co... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electrostatics, charge",
"url": null
} |
java, beginner, android
private final void turnOnFlashlight()
{
FlashlightState = true;
Lamp.setImageResource(R.drawable.lamp_on);
if (Flashlight.hasFlashlight)
{
FLASHLIGHT.On();
}
else
{
WindowManager.LayoutParams Layout = getWindow... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 9587,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, beginner, android",
"url": null
} |
ros-melodic, roslaunch, ssh
Jan 09 15:12:29 seven-robot-2 test_ru_launch-start[3297]: The traceback for the exception was written to the log file
Jan 09 15:12:29 seven-robot-2 test_ru_launch-start[3297]: ... logging to /tmp/edd14b60-9001-11ed-8c81-7c8334b0242e/roslaunch-seven-robot-2-3358.log
Jan 09 15:12:29 s... | {
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"id": 38215,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros-melodic, roslaunch, ssh",
"url": null
} |
c#, matrix
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
private static float[,] ExtractLower(float[,] matrix)
{
// lower part of a Doolittle decomposition (1.0s on diagonal, 0.0s in upper)
int rows = matrix.GetLength(0); int c... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, matrix",
"url": null
} |
c#
client.Send(mailMsg);
MailMethods.UpdateMessageState(item.Mail_ID, 3, "OK");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
HandleFailure (item, ex);
}
}
private int ProcessAddressList (string addresses, MailAddressCollection addressCol)
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace (addresses))
return 0;
... | {
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"id": 1982,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#",
"url": null
} |
c#, sql, .net, asp.net, .net-2.0
if (f.readOnly == true)
sw.Write(fieldName + "=@" + f.name);
}
sw.WriteLine(";\";");
sw.WriteLine("\t\tList<SqlParameter> parms = new List<SqlParameter>();");
sw.WriteLine("");
foreach (TableFieldInfo f in fields)
{
... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, sql, .net, asp.net, .net-2.0",
"url": null
} |
noise, linear-algebra
Title: What traces can be estimated in DQC1 (One clean qubit model), and how? In particular I'm hoping to understand what is written in this paper better: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9802037 (On the Power of One Bit of Quantum Information, Knill and Laflamme 1998)
In the section titled "Determ... | {
"domain": "quantumcomputing.stackexchange",
"id": 3793,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "noise, linear-algebra",
"url": null
} |
cross-validation
K-fold CV selection and evaluation
1. tr = 80% of data, ts = 20% of data (or some other ratio)
2. For k = [1,..,K]
1. tr2 = (K-1)/K of tr, v = 1/K of tr
2. m[k] = model trained using tr2 (can be further split into tr3 + v2)
3. score[k] = score of m[k] on v
3. M = best of m[1],...,m[K]
4. Test sc... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "cross-validation",
"url": null
} |
quantum-chemistry, computational-chemistry
Title: What is the meaning of "no Hessian Eigenvalue "? When running GAMESS for finding Hessian Eigenvalues and frequencies ( using Optimization with hessian calculation at the end ) , I have seen there are times that it comes out "without any frequencies".
I think even a non... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-chemistry, computational-chemistry",
"url": null
} |
constellations
Title: Polynesian wayfinding techniques - how does this work? In Disney's "Moana", we get a hint of a Polynesian wayfinding technique of holding your hand to "measure the stars" (note, you're not giving the sky a high-five). We get to see two different constellations measured: Crux (the Southern Cross),... | {
"domain": "astronomy.stackexchange",
"id": 2339,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "constellations",
"url": null
} |
javascript
Title: Simple to-do application This particular snippet is a simple to-do app that allows the user to add new items to the list, mark them as done, delete a single item, or delete all items.
What I would be looking for advice on are my use of a function constructor. It may be overkill for something like thi... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript",
"url": null
} |
c++, parsing, json
Title: How can this C++ json library be improved I need a class to generate json content from data retrieved from a database. This gave me an excuse to play at creating a json library. This is my first attempt so it could probably be improved in many ways.
Features are:
feed in json from stdin to... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, parsing, json",
"url": null
} |
electric-circuits, electric-current, voltage, power
Title: Understanding voltage and power in the fluid analogy for DC circuits I am trying to understand electric circuits (ie voltage, current, power, and resistance). For the most part, everything makes perfect sense, but for some reason I do not feel as if I underst... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electric-circuits, electric-current, voltage, power",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, gauge-theory, notation, gauge-invariance, gauge
Is it supposed to be $\partial^\mu A_\mu=0$ or $\partial^\mu A_\mu^\prime=0$ (in the latter case then $\partial^2\alpha=-\partial^\mu A_\mu$)? If it's the first one, then how could we choose $\alpha$ or what $\alpha$ do we choose s.t. we get the Lorenz ... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetism, gauge-theory, notation, gauge-invariance, gauge",
"url": null
... |
Conversely, since $b$ is the least power of $2$ not less than $a$, it follows that $\frac12 b < a$. Thus, equivalently, $2b < 4a < 5a$, so there must be at least two powers of $2$ ($b$ and $2b$) between $a$ and $5a$.
BTW, if you look closely at the proof above, you may note that it doesn't actually use the assumption ... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9881308768564867,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8841690955833602,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8947894618940992,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 84.0521815525579,
"openwebmath_score": 0.974236249923706,
"tags"... |
cherenkov-radiation
A Couple of Asides
Cerenkov radiation occurs whenever a charged particle passes through a medium at speeds faster than the $c/n$. There is nothing special about electron, water or nuclear reactors in that regard; those are just one of the very few situations in which you can see the light with the ... | {
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"id": 29156,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "cherenkov-radiation",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, optics, waves, scattering, refraction
Title: EM wavelength in different medium Considering a light wave traveling from the vacuum to air, I am trying to find what will happen to its wavelength.
At first, using optics, we know that:
$$n=\frac{c}{v}$$
where $n$ represents the refractive index. As $n_{v... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electromagnetism, optics, waves, scattering, refraction",
"url": null
} |
r
With the help of this table and mathematical/logical operators, you can create the values:
transform(df, newgrade = (sat | act) *
(conversion$SAT[match(df$act, conversion$ACT)] ^
as.logical(act) * !sat) + sat)
The result:
student sat act newgrade
1 1 365 28 365
2 2... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "r",
"url": null
} |
machine-learning, python, text-mining, topic-model
Title: Resume Parsing - extracting skills from resume using Machine Learning I am trying to extract a skill set of an employee from his/her resume. I have resumes stored as plain text in Database. I do not have predefined skills in this case. How should I approach thi... | {
"domain": "datascience.stackexchange",
"id": 3561,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "machine-learning, python, text-mining, topic-model",
"url": null
} |
haskell, interpreter, brainfuck
memR' | instruc == incB = (MemCell (cell + 1)) : tMemR
| instruc == decB = (MemCell (cell - 1)) : tMemR
| instruc == rd = (MemCell inpt) : tMemR
| instruc == incP = tMemR
| instruc == decP = (head memL) : memR
| other... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 27201,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "haskell, interpreter, brainfuck",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, dirac-equation, dirac-matrices
Title: Why must $\gamma^\mu$ matrices in Dirac equation be linearly independent? In Ashok Das' Lecture on Quantum Field Theory, pg 20, it was said that the Dirac equation is derived by considering the Einstein relation $$p^\mu p_\mu=m$$
as a matrix relation, namely an ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, dirac-equation, dirac-matrices",
"url": null
} |
virus, life, philosophy-of-science
Title: Is there any definition of life which makes viruses undeterminable? There are many different definitions of life (RNA, something that comes through evolution) but not one I have seen which could not determine wheter viruses are living things (even though there are many definit... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 4697,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "virus, life, philosophy-of-science",
"url": null
} |
nlp, feature-extraction, transformer, audio-recognition
Title: How to extract embeddings from an audio file using wav2vec along with context I am trying to use wav2vec embeddings from the XLSR model for emotion recognition on the EMODB dataset. How can I extract embeddings using wav2vec?
I want to use the XLSR model p... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "nlp, feature-extraction, transformer, audio-recognition",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, photons, energy-conservation, mass-energy, perpetual-motion
Title: A question about infinite energy I know the conservation of energy doesn't allow that, and i saw a question on this forum about infinite energy: Why can't I do this to get infinite energy?, it says we can convert matter into energy ... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity, photons, energy-conservation, mass-energy, perpetual-motion",
... |
## Problem N2:
We claim the answer is $$\dfrac{p^2(p-1)}{2}$$.
Lemma: $$i^p+(p-i)^p\equiv 0\pmod{p^2}$$, and $$r_i+r_{p-i}=p^2$$.
Proof: By the binomial theorem, \begin{align} i^p+(p-i)^p&\equiv i^p+p^p-\dbinom{p}{1}p^{p-1}i+\cdots-\dbinom{p}{p-2}p^2i^{p-2}+\dbinom{p}{p-1}pi^{p-1}-i^p\pmod{p^2} \\ &\equiv i^p+0-0+\c... | {
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"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9845754497285467,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8426500297359818,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8558511488056151,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 258.7676098075675,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9953523874282837,
"tag... |
electrons, radiation, particle-detectors, gamma-rays
Title: Why did scientists use a zinc-sulfide coated screen to detect the alpha, beta, and gamma radiation? How does a zinc-sulfide coated screen work, and how does it manage to detect high-frequency radiation, electrons, and helium? Could it be possible that a delta... | {
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"tags": "electrons, radiation, particle-detectors, gamma-rays",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, particle-physics, momentum
As you stated, a photon has a momentum too, although it has no (rest) mass. The definition here is $p=h/\lambda$, with $h$ the constant of Planck, and $\lambda$ the wavelength of the photon. To explain the correlation between these two definitions, is intuitively a little ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, particle-physics, momentum",
"url": null
} |
performance, comparative-review, lisp, scheme, sicp
Title: SICP exercise 1.3 - sum of squares of two largest of three numbers From SICP
Exercise 1.3: Define a procedure that takes three numbers as arguments and returns the sum of the squares of the two larger numbers.
Square is:
(define (square x) (* x x))
I know ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "performance, comparative-review, lisp, scheme, sicp",
"url": null
} |
java, beginner, tic-tac-toe
validInput = true;
if (input.equals("top left") && a1 == ' ') {
a1 = 'o';
} else if (input.equals("top middle") && b1 == ' ') {
b1 = 'o';
} else if (input.equals("top right") && c1 == ' ') {
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, beginner, tic-tac-toe",
"url": null
} |
ros, ros2, git, bloom-release
I Googled it and I found this question that says regarding having having main as branch :
works OK for regular releases (as
master will just be another branch to
git and Github, and Bloom is able to
find everything it needs just fine)
But I doesn't seem to work for me. What is it that ... | {
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"tags": "ros, ros2, git, bloom-release",
"url": null
} |
java, optimization, homework, tree
In this case the else block is not necessary, and it could simply be:
if (this.hasNum(...)) {
.....
return returner.key;
}
return Double.NaN;
Otherwise, the style is good.
Logic
You actually loop through the tree three times. I presume hasNum(...) also walks the tree.
With p... | {
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"tags": "java, optimization, homework, tree",
"url": null
} |
where v is no of vertices. Parsing JSON data from a text column in Postgres, Renaming multiple layers in the legend from an attribute in each layer in QGIS. Adding these running times together, we have O(|E|log|V|) for all priority value updates and O(|V|log|V|) for removing all vertices (there are also some other O(|E... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.899121379297294,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 979.0421805705263,
"openwebmath_score": 0.3389943540096283,
"tags": null,
... |
algorithms, data-structures, search-algorithms
Title: Data structure for equivalence classes Let $E$ be an equivalence relation defined over a set $S$. The access to $E$ is only via queries of the form $M(s_1,s_2) = 1$ if $s_1$ and $s_2$ are in the same class and $0$ otherwise. Computing $M$ is expensive (say, $O(n^2)... | {
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"id": 15623,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "algorithms, data-structures, search-algorithms",
"url": null
} |
redox, home-experiment
Title: Required temperature for the reduction of iron oxide using carbon When reducing iron oxide with carbon, must the substances be set alight or do they only need to be heated. Also, when the iron is formed will it immediately oxidise in the air? The direct reduction with carbon is only possi... | {
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"id": 5348,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "redox, home-experiment",
"url": null
} |
performance, vba
Application.ScreenUpdating = True
MsgBox ("Data has been transferred.")
End Sub
'This function brings up a window for the user to pick an excel file they want to update
Private Function BrowseForFile(Optional strTitle As String) As String
Dim fDialog As FileDialog
On Error GoTo Err_handler
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "performance, vba",
"url": null
} |
aerodynamics, propulsion, thrust, drag
Title: RC drone rotor air access I am attempting to design a "flying saucer." The saucer is an ellipsoidal-ish body with a RC drone inside. I plan to allow for air access to the rotors as shown in the rudimentary diagram below:
I am pretty sure that the drag on the air flowing t... | {
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"id": 2257,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "aerodynamics, propulsion, thrust, drag",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, quantum-information, quantum-entanglement, density-operator
How do I prove this? Of course I expect (know) this is true on physical grounds; we expect the reduced density matrix of an entangled system to be impure since the entire notion of entanglement is to suggest that, since the system is entang... | {
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"id": 93888,
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, quantum-information, quantum-entanglement, density-operator",
... |
ros, catkin, catkin-workspace
Title: node outside catkin workspace
Hi everybody,
I have a complex application in which I would like to integrate ROS, so as to make a ros node out of it an be able to send messages, call services...
This application is complex and heavy and would not fit well in a catkin workspace (a s... | {
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"id": 22646,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, catkin, catkin-workspace",
"url": null
} |
javascript
change_object_using_path_string("example_object",example_path,"new content instead"); Yes, it's fairly straightforward to do this without using eval. For example, a statement like obj['a']['b']['c']['d'] = 'value'; can be rewritten as a series of smaller steps:
var temp = obj;
temp = temp['a']; // memb... | {
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"id": 29091,
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"tags": "javascript",
"url": null
} |
c++, generics, template, c++14, polymorphism
// Access data by frame and index (for channels with multiple items).
// Channels should have a consistent number of items per frame, and
// no duplicate frame numbers (preferably, in increasing order as well).
c1.datum(2, 0, [](auto datum) { std::cout << datum << " =... | {
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"tags": "c++, generics, template, c++14, polymorphism",
"url": null
} |
java, object-oriented, classes, random
} Your code does have its share of C-isms, but we will be able to fix that.
But first, if you are learning Java in order to understand Object Oriented Programming, pick a better language. Java's OO primitives are classes, abstract classes, interfaces and single inheritance. Since... | {
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"tags": "java, object-oriented, classes, random",
"url": null
} |
write it Let's say that I have Algebra also has countless applications in the real world. if we want the area under the curve between Note that this graph looks just like the left hand graph, except that the variable is x instead of t. So you can find the derivativ… over the next delta t. And then, you can imagine, 2. ... | {
"domain": "illanabogados.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9697854103128328,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.810239746825765,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835391516133,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 883.4986824672854,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7846773862838745,
"tags... |
Let $f(z) = e^{-z^2}$ and $\Gamma$ be the rectangular contour with verticles at $0,R,R+i\tfrac{b}{2}, i\tfrac{b}{2}$.
Since the function $f$ is entire it means $\oint_{\Gamma} f(z) dz = 0$.
Writing the integral by definition we get,
$\int_0^R e^{-x^2} dx - \int_0^R e^{-(x+ib/2)^2} dx+ \int_0^{b/2} e^{-(R+it)^2} i dt - ... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9643214460461698,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8253156191892721,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8558511506439707,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 323.2056088570082,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9201202988624573,
"tag... |
rospy, roscpp, rosrun
Title: Difference between rosrun and directly launching an executable
What are the differences between :
rosrun mynode program
And :
cd /path/to/mynode
./program
Why is the first (I assume) preferred, and when is it required ?
Originally posted by victorp on ROS Answers with karma: 50 on 2013... | {
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"tags": "rospy, roscpp, rosrun",
"url": null
} |
robotic-arm, inverse-kinematics
\text{s.t.} \quad \mathbf{q}_l<\mathbf{q}<\mathbf{q}_u
$$
where $\mathbf{q}$ is the vector of the $n$ independent joint angles, $\mathbf{x}_d$ is the desired Cartesian pose comprising target position and orientation of the end-effector, and $K\left(\cdot\right)$ is the forward kinematic... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "robotic-arm, inverse-kinematics",
"url": null
} |
group-theory
Title: Can you form a group with assembly instructions under the MIPS-32 architecture? Would it be possible to form such a group using the ADD instruction and the NOT instruction? Sure. The integers modulo $2^{32}$ form a group. The group operation is addition modulo $2^{32}$, which can be implemented b... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "group-theory",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, operators, wavefunction, hilbert-space, eigenvalue
Title: Imaginary Eigenvalue Of A Hermitian Operator The eigenfunctions of a Hermitian operator are real. But consider a function $\psi(x)=e^{-\kappa x}$, $x\in\mathbb{R}$, where $\kappa$ is a real constant. Then, $$\hat p \psi(x)=-i\hbar \frac{d}{dx... | {
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"id": 33944,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, operators, wavefunction, hilbert-space, eigenvalue",
"url": n... |
c++, game, console, windows, snake-game
void Snake::difficulty()
{
char selection;
system("cls");
while(true)
{
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << " CURRENT DIFFICULTY" << std::endl;
if(diff==1) std::cout << " Easy" << std::endl << std::endl;
else if(diff==0.5) std... | {
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"id": 11850,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, game, console, windows, snake-game",
"url": null
} |
particle-physics, particle-detectors, particle-accelerators
Title: Why are there fixed target experiments? Collider experiments put all their energy into $ \sqrt{s} = 2E $ while target experiments only provide $ \sqrt{s} = \sqrt{2Em+m^²} $.
Yet, there are fixed target experiments. Why? The target density is much great... | {
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"tags": "particle-physics, particle-detectors, particle-accelerators",
"url": null
} |
Demo 9.7.4
We compare direct truncation in $$x$$ to the double exponential method of Function 9.7.3 for $$f(x)=1/(1+x^2)$$.
f = x -> 1/(1+x^2)
tol = [1/10^d for d in 5:0.5:14]
err = zeros(length(tol),2)
len = zeros(Int,length(tol),2)
for (i,tol) in enumerate(tol)
I2,x2 = FNC.intinf(f,tol)
@. err[i,:] = abs(π-[I1,I2])... | {
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"id": null,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 1524.5353086398386,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8797466158866882,
"tag... |
machine-learning, pattern-recognition
How well will this work? I don't know. It will probably depend a lot on the parameters of the problem instances you run into in practice. I would suggest you try it on your data sets, with several different optimization methods and fiddling with the parameters a bit. If it doe... | {
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"tags": "machine-learning, pattern-recognition",
"url": null
} |
Calculating the $$2^{nd}$$ $$4$$-cycle:
$$\quad 3^5 \equiv 43 \pmod{100}$$
$$\quad 3^6 \equiv 29 \pmod{100}$$
$$\quad 3^7 \equiv 87 \pmod{100}$$
$$\quad 3^8 \equiv 61 \pmod{100}$$
$$\quad\text{-------------------------}$$
Calculating the $$3^{rd}$$ $$4$$-cycle:
$$\quad 3^9 \equiv 83 \pmod{100}$$
$$\quad 3^{10} \equi... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9763105238756898,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8278798426604972,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8479677545357569,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 263.0720776085214,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8239704966545105,
"tag... |
ros, collision-object, planning-scene, arm-navigation
Originally posted by mrath on ROS Answers with karma: 100 on 2012-09-11
Post score: 0
Original comments
Comment by bit-pirate on 2012-09-11:
Maybe a refresh of the planning scene is needed?
Comment by mrath on 2012-09-12:
Can you elaborate? I tried getting the cur... | {
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"url": null
} |
Don't forget to sort the input data sample for computing its hinges!!
We are confident that the program is correct. But we need independent confirmation.
Also I would appreciate any revisions which will make the above code more compact.
TBD: fivenum will be incorporated in the next version of hinges.py. Done! But the... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9766692277960745,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.81388248496406,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8333245911726382,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 3961.3001398361507,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6318469643592834,
"tags": nu... |
python, random
def won_total():
return won_2 + won_3 + won_4 + won_5 + won_6
# save stats, called when program gets quitted correctly and when money is not enough
# to play again
def save():
file = open("./save.txt", "w")
file.write(str(money) + "\n")
file.write(str(money_won) + "\n")
file.write(s... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, random",
"url": null
} |
ros, bumblebee2, camera1394, ros-diamondback
Title: Bumblebee2 (640x480) under Diamondback
I want to ask anyone who have managed to make Bumblebee2 (my version is BB2-03S3C a.k.a. bumblebee2 640x480) working under ROS Diamondback how to do it.
More specifically:
What is your ubuntu version?
What is your default conf... | {
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"tags": "ros, bumblebee2, camera1394, ros-diamondback",
"url": null
} |
knowrob
Originally posted by Po-Jen Lai on ROS Answers with karma: 1371 on 2012-10-23
Post score: 2
The probably easiest way to get a valid OWL file is to use the SemanticMapToOWL ROS service described here: http://ias.in.tum.de/kb/wiki/index.php/Mod_semantic_map#SemanticMapToOWL If you do not want to use the service... | {
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"id": 11484,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "knowrob",
"url": null
} |
ros, ros-kinetic, catkin-tools
Failed << cvg_sim_gazebo_plugins:make [ Exited with code 2 ]
Failed <<< cvg_sim_gazebo_plugins [ 13.8 seconds ]
Originally pos... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, ros-kinetic, catkin-tools",
"url": null
} |
StoneTemplePython
Gold Member
2019 Award
Thanks. So can I say that the chance to throw between 49%-51% heads increases as ##n## increases? Putting it in mathematical terms:
$$\sum_{k=0.49n}^{0.51n} \frac{n!}{k!\cdot (n-k)!} \cdot \frac{1}{2^n}$$
The value coming out of this formula will approach 1 as ##n## increases?
Y... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9773707986486796,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8420422912926377,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8615382129861583,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 834.9612808555636,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8907472491264343,
... |
energy, electromagnetic-radiation, photons, frequency, discrete
Energy is not quantized - that simply isn't a principle of physics. One thing that is quantized is photon number. This means that if you know that the light you're looking at has a certain frequency $f$ and you measure its energy, you will get $nhf$ with ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "energy, electromagnetic-radiation, photons, frequency, discrete",
"url": null
} |
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