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No precise amount can be defined as a significant part of the cost of production or of the tools, equipment and livestock. One-third or more of the total value of the tools, equipment and livestock used in producing the commodity or one-third or more of the total cost of producing the commodity would usually be considered a significant part. Whether less than one-third is a significant part depends on individual circumstances.
Last Revised: March, 2001
Social Security Handbook | <urn:uuid:07d36bbf-1bc7-4503-8c59-c20b5997c5df> | {
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High Strength Lignin Polymer Fiber
Engineering Technologies for Licensing
Researchers at the University of Tennessee have discovered a method to produce lignin-based polymer fibers with high strength. Lignin manufactured by this novel method has improved the quality and the mechanical properties of lignin-based fibers to such a great extent that the inventors believe it can displace polypropylene in geotechnical textile, construction and agricultural uses. Lignin is biodegradable and is often generated as waste during biofuels production, paper manufacturing, and chemical pulping processes, making it a low cost source of high quality material.
Lignin-based polymer fiber exhibits typical tensile strength of around 400 GPa with moduli in excess of 5 GPa; both are values found in higher-end commercial polypropylene fibers. The inventors have produced commercial grade material with diameters as low as 8µm, strengths as high as 800 MPa, and moduli in excess of 30 GPa. In fact, lignin polymer fiber produced by this methodology exhibits a wide range of textile strengths from weak natural fiber to strong polypropylene and medium polyesters, with moduli greater than synthetic fiber of 4GPa, but maintain congruent extensibilities to those of natural fibers. In addition to these excellent properties, the lignin polymer fiber is biodegradable; the rate of which is tunable.
- Create value-added products from what is currently a biorefinery waste stream.
Low cost, renewable lignin-based polymer fiber.
- Proprietary method produces high strength/modulus general grade polymer fiber with medium extensibility.
- No patent applications filed | <urn:uuid:5f8537a0-dd17-4f60-9e4d-a8b26ba0514e> | {
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"url": "http://utrf.tennessee.edu/techtransfer/technologies/technology-engineering-11023.shtml"
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To model surface tension, we use the dynamic temperature-dependent surface tension model by Han, shown below.
The surface tension equation can be described by the following equation: where:
- is the surface tension,
- and are data-fitted coefficients, and
- is temperature.
The equilibrium contact angle can be described by the following equation: where
- is the equilibrium contact angle, and
- , and are data-fitted coefficients.
The time dependence of the viscosity can be represented by:where:
- is the contact angle at time,
- is the viscosity
- , the contact angle at time zero, is a data-fitted coefficient, and
- is a data-fitted coefficient. | <urn:uuid:15bbb7f7-db92-4385-86f8-0539fea3e817> | {
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Signatures of resonant and non-resonant scattering mechanisms on radar images of internal waves
Authors: Churyumov A.N.; Kravtsov Y.A.; Lavrova O.Y.; Litovchenko K.T.; Mityagina M.I.; Sabinin K.D.
Source: International Journal of Remote Sensing, Volume 23, Number 20, 2002 , pp. 4341-4355(15)
Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd
Abstract:The results of two polarization airborne radar imagery tests of the ocean surface obtained during the JUSREX'92 experiment are presented. It is shown that the traditional composite surface model with small-scale 'Bragg' waves superposed over larger gravity waves can not explain either the contrasts of internal wave surface manifestations in conditions of a stable atmospheric boundary layer at low grazing angles (LGA), or the apparent difference between the images obtained at different polarizations in unstable atmospheric conditions. We attribute this discrepancy to the presence of mesoscale steep waves, which produce non-resonant scattering and make different relative contributions to the total cross sections for the two polarizations. The possibility of distinguishing between surface manifestations of atmospheric and oceanic origin is also discussed.
Document Type: Research article
Publication date: 2002-10-20 | <urn:uuid:0dd44e1d-61fe-423b-9f01-e6ce1964a782> | {
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||BUILD-IT is a planning tool based on computer vision technology, supporting complex planning and composition tasks. A group of people, seated around a table, interact with objects in a virtual scene using real bricks. A plan view of the scene is projected onto the table, where object manipulation takes place. A perspective view is projected on the wall. The views are set by virtual cameras, having spatial attributes like shift, rotation and zoom. However, planar interaction with bricks provides only position and rotation information. This paper explores two alternative methods to bridge the gap between planar interaction and three-dimensional navigation. | <urn:uuid:542eae08-f86f-4037-88f9-3d67e9de5331> | {
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Silvia Breban and Julita Vassileva
Recently coalition formation has been explored in the area of electronic marketplace as temporary buying groups. We extend this concept to long-term coalitions that are formed of both customer and vendor agents after evaluating their relationships with other agents in the system. We propose a coalition formation mechanism designed at microscopic (agent) level as a decision problem and we analyze the effect of this mechanism at both microscopic and macroscopic (system) levels. Our results show that forming coalitions is beneficial for both the system (it reaches an equilibrium state) and for the agents (they have high gain increase over time). | <urn:uuid:a0a568df-e6a4-4c2b-acb2-303ff4c7258f> | {
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An anonymous reader writes "A hybrid fission-fusion process has been developed that can be used in some traditional fission reactors to process radioactive waste and reduce the amount of waste produced by 99%. This process uses magnetic bottle techniques developed from fusion research. This seems like the first viable solution to the radioactive waste problem of traditional nuclear reactors. This could be a big breakthrough in the search for environmentally friendly energy sources. Lots of work remains to take the concept to an engineering prototype and then to a production reactor." | <urn:uuid:d6e4680f-c84a-45dc-b20b-295f2ca6866f> | {
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We present the first use of a Parylene-based electrochemical-MEMS (EC-MEMS) sensor array for instrumentation of ceramic-based neural electrode probes. The sensor array consists of a liquid-filled Parylene-based microchannel and an array of enclosed electrodes that monitor local variations in impedance during mechanical deformation of the channel. The array provides real time measurement of out-of-plane interfacial forces produced directly on the electrode shank surface (<;5 mm2) during insertion of the probe. We demonstrate the ability to examine the relative force distribution of interfacial forces produced on the shank surface during insertion, thereby providing a clearer understanding of probe insertion mechanics. Our approach enables, for the first time, robust mechanical instrumentation of electrode shanks providing a means for assessing the poorly understood interfacial mechanics between neural probes and tissue.
Date of Conference: Jan. 29 2012-Feb. 2 2012 | <urn:uuid:f323b3c0-bae9-4796-a02b-e1a82f503f7b> | {
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Skip to Main Content
A novel direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method is proposed for coherent wideband linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals in multipath environment. In this method, the wideband LFM signals are first transformed into fractional Fourier (FRF) domain to construct the array model, in which time-variant steering vector is changed into time-invariant one and wideband LFM signals are converted to narrowband stationary ones. Afterwards, the coherent wideband LFM signals are resolved separately by performing a Toeplitz decorrelation scheme on the covariance matrix. Then, the DOAs of coherent wideband LFM signals are estimated by the signal parameters via rotation invariance technique (ESPRIT). The proposed method can resolve more coherent wideband LFM signals without reducing the array aperture, and can obtain more accurate DOA estimation at low SNR with a low computation complexity. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Date of Conference: 24-28 Oct. 2010 | <urn:uuid:ea888a07-4f0a-4da9-ab6e-348d124631ff> | {
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A microelectrochemical actinometer for scanning electrochemical microscopy studies of photochemical processes
UNSPECIFIED. (2003) A microelectrochemical actinometer for scanning electrochemical microscopy studies of photochemical processes. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2 (2). pp. 98-103. ISSN 1474-905XFull text not available from this repository.
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b209986a
A new in situ electrochemical actinometry method has been developed and used to determine the light flux through a quartz fibre, employed in a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) system developed to study the kinetics of interfacial photochemical processes. In this system an ultramicroelectrode (UME) probe is positioned with high precision at a known distance close to the end of the fibre, through which light is guided, and used to detect reactants or products of the ongoing photochemical process. The microelectrochemical actinometer was developed using the well-known liquid phase potassium ferrioxalate actinometer. The approach involved recording the steady-state current for Fe(III) reduction at a 25 mum diameter disc-shaped ultramicroelectrode (UME) positioned close to the fibre. A step function in the light flux through the fibre (off-on) was then applied which led to a depletion in the local Fe(III) concentration. The resulting chronoamperometric behaviour at the UME, as a consequence of the solution photochemical process, was measured. A theoretical model has been developed to simulate experimental current-time profiles, which enabled measurements of the light flux initiating the photoprocess.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QD Chemistry
Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology
|Journal or Publication Title:||PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES|
|Publisher:||ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY|
|Number of Pages:||6|
|Page Range:||pp. 98-103|
Actions (login required) | <urn:uuid:14f49ed6-bed2-43ff-a17b-59a64943a6d0> | {
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StatusThe thesis was presented on the 23 June, 2006
Approved by NCAA on the 28 September, 2006
Abstract– 1.08 Mb / in romanian
ThesisCZU 661.183.2 + 541.183.5: 628.515 + 615.246.2 + 613
13.11 Mb /
The thesis includes physicochemical research dealing with synthesis and efficiency of carbons usage, especially emphasizing the study of surface peculiarities, including the catalytic ones of carbonaceous adsorbents, for the purpose of correlating surface chemistry with catalytic abilities of carbonaceous adsorbents to oxidize the species of hydrogen sulfide from underground waters. Detailed studies regarding technique improvement and the procedure of modification of ion exchangers and catalysts obtained from vegetable raw materials such as fruit stones, grape seeds and nutshells have been performed. Chemical and physicochemical methods have been applied, and different agents for activation and oxidation of carbons, procedures for modification of surface chemistry of oxidized carbons due to impregnation with metals have been tested. Surface chemistry of carbons has been investigated using electrometric titration techniques in order to establish the acid-basic properties of adsorbents, and spectral methods using UV-VIS spectra and the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) to detail the chemistry of functional groups have been utilized. The role of the surface functional groups of carbonaceous adsorbents, their acid-basic properties, surface pH of adsorbents in suspension, and the influence of the type of impregnated metals on removal of hydrogen sulfide species have been researched. The peculiarities of mechanisms and the effects of surface modification of carbonaceous adsorbents towards the catalytic processes of hydrogen sulfide species oxidation were pointed out. The efficiency of the catalyst obtained from peach stones by impregnation with Cu2+ ions of oxidized active carbon was established, being recommended for practical purposes to remove the hydrogen sulfide species from the sulfurous underground waters.
Under consideration : | <urn:uuid:24ce27a6-7a11-4608-b2d0-5110fa3535eb> | {
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The POLAR Cutting System L-R-P-(137)-T is tailored to the operating sequences of print shops and bookbinderies, for label production and finishing. It is ideal for diverse production requirements and different quantities, but continuous use of production capacity. Total flexibility as far as jobs and quantities are concerned, an optimum workflow, buffering of material between preparation and cutting, accommodation of different cycles and spare capacities to handle short turnarounds are the advantages of this space-saving system.
The typical production program comprises folded sheets, leaflets, supplements, brochures for non-selective advertising, forms, but also labels, banderoles, postcards and similar products.
On the POLAR Cutting System L-R-P-(137)-T, jogging is performed at the high-speed cutter. However, in this system, a buffer is provided between the preparation of cutting material and cutting in order to compensate for different cycles and, consequently, idle/waiting times. Medium-size and large quantities are processed in two-person operation.
Preparation of cutting material is done with a stacklift and an automatic jogger (also precise quantities). A pile shelf supports buffering and cutting takes place with the POLAR high-speed cutter loaded from a gripper transport system. Unloading is performed automatically by Transomat E. | <urn:uuid:7f5d84bc-1331-4e30-a33c-a77f8ae04807> | {
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Nearly full-dense and fine-grained AZO:Y ceramics sintered from the corresponding nanoparticles
1 Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 519, Zhuangshi Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo, 315201, People’s Republic of China
2 School of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, No. 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, People’s Republic of China
Nanoscale Research Letters 2012, 7:481 doi:10.1186/1556-276X-7-481Published: 29 August 2012
Aluminum-doped zinc oxide ceramics with yttria doping (AZO:Y) ranging from 0 to 0.2 wt.% were fabricated by pressureless sintering yttria-modified nanoparticles in air at 1,300°C. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, a physical property measurement system, and a densimeter were employed to characterize the precursor nanoparticles and the sintered AZO ceramics. It was shown that a small amount of yttria doping can remarkably retard the growth of the as-received precursor nanoparticles, further improve the microstructure, refine the grain size, and enhance the density for the sintered ceramic. Increasing the yttria doping to 0.2 wt.%, the AZO:Y nanoparticles synthetized by a coprecipitation process have a nearly sphere-shaped morphology and a mean particle diameter of 15.1 nm. Using the same amount of yttria, a fully dense AZO ceramic (99.98% of theoretical density) with a grain size of 2.2 μm and a bulk resistivity of 4.6 × 10−3 Ω·cm can be achieved. This kind of AZO:Y ceramic has a potential to be used as a high-quality sputtering target to deposit ZnO-based transparent conductive films with better optical and electrical properties. | <urn:uuid:3df2375c-e5ca-41fe-ada2-bda4f2e7db65> | {
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We experimentally demonstrate linear bandgap guidance of optical vortices as high-gap defect modes (DMs) in two-dimensional induced photonic lattices. We show that donut-shaped vortex beams can be guided in a tunable negative (lower-index) defect, provided that the defect strength is set at an appropriate level. Such vortex DMs have fine features in the “tails” associated with the lattice anisotropy and can be considered as a superposition of dipole DMs. Our numerical results find good agreement with experimental observations.
© 2010 Optical Society of America
Diffraction and Gratings
Original Manuscript: March 12, 2010
Revised Manuscript: May 28, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: June 1, 2010
Published: June 14, 2010
Daohong Song, Xiaosheng Wang, Daniel Shuldman, Jiandong Wang, Liqin Tang, Cibo Lou, Jingjun Xu, Jianke Yang, and Zhigang Chen, "Observation of bandgap guidance of optical vortices in a tunable negative defect," Opt. Lett. 35, 2106-2108 (2010) | <urn:uuid:8b73d4fe-2644-4cda-881a-5665d0ac1a0b> | {
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Innovative Approaches to the Automated Simulation of Aircraft Structural Joints in Structural Analysis Models
Agency / Branch:
DOD / NAVY
ACTA Incorporated and Sandia National Laboratories propose a seven month STTR Phase I project to demonstrate the feasibility of developing an automated simulation of aircraft structural joints in structural analysis models. The technical approach includes an expert system executive to create detailed models of abstracted joint components including interfacing structural components, fasteners and nonlinear interface constitutive models. Optional tasks are proposed with a three month performance period to implement a selected joint model in an existing finite element structural modeling code to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating the proposed joint model within conventional finite element modeling software.
Small Business Information at Submission:
Timothy K. Hasselman
Director Engineering Mechanics Div.
Research Institution Information:
2790 Skypark Drive, Suite 310 Torrance, CA 90505
Number of Employees:
SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES
PO Bos 5800
Mail Stop 0557
Albuquerque, NM 87185
Federally funded R&D center (FFRDC) | <urn:uuid:4359bb32-86ee-4349-9ce0-2a35e58cbfd0> | {
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Donet-Vod: A Hybrid Overlay Solution for Efficient Peer-to-Peer Video on Demand Services
The existing DONet-based approach uses successfully a random gossip algorithm for scalable live video streaming. This pure mesh overlay network-based solution may lead to unacceptable latency or even failure of VCR operations in Video-on-Demand (VoD) services where nodes usually have different playing offsets, across a wide range. This paper proposes DONet-VoD which enhances DONet in order to address issues related to VoD delivery and VCR operations. In DONet-VoD, DONet principle is employed for the video distribution over the overlay network and a novel algorithm which uses a multi-way tree structure and extra prefetching buffers at the nodes is proposed to support efficient VoD operations. | <urn:uuid:adef1591-acd1-4967-9d59-9aa74125f809> | {
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The Relationship Between Bankruptcy Risk And Growth For Non-Listed Firms
Source: Norges Bank
The authors investigate the relationship between bankruptcy risks and expected future sales growth for Norwegian non-listed firms for the period 1988-2007. They find that firms with high bankruptcy risk also have high expected future growth. Financial ratios characterizing firms with high bankruptcy risk also characterize firms with high future expected growth. Small firms, firms with low levels of equity and retained earnings, firms with low profitability and low levels of sales per unit of capital, have all higher expected future growth rates than other firms. These findings suggest a tradeoff between the upside potential of high growth and the downside risk of bankruptcy. | <urn:uuid:457008a2-aa4f-4776-97b4-4fb2293ac08e> | {
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This paper presents a novel algorithm for online structure and motion estimation. The algorithm works for general camera models and minimizes object space error, it does not rely on gradient-based optimization, and it is provably globally convergent. In comparison to previous work, which reports cubic complexity in the number of frames, our major contribution is a significant reduction of complexity. The new algorithm requires constant time per frame and can thus be used in online applications. Experimental results show high reconstruction accuracy with respect to simulated ground truth data. We also present two applications in artificial marker reconstruction and handheld augmented reality.
Date of Conference: 7-9 Jan. 2008 | <urn:uuid:1551dcdc-1f8a-4db2-85b0-2eecde3b93c0> | {
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- Phosphoreszenz (1) (remove)
- Designing novel host materials for blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2009)
- The overall efficiency of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is always limited to the efficiency of its individual components. The most important component is the emission layer, where excitons are formed and light is generated. This thesis deals with the improvement of one class of OLED component, namely host materials for blue phosphorescent emitters. Three generations of 1,3,5-triazine-based materials with varying donor-substituents are presented in this work. In the first generation carbazole units are bound to the triazine core. The second generation consists of triazines with diarylamino substituents. The third generation compounds are a combination of disubtituted triazines from the first two generations and a phenoxy-carbazole unit. While the first and second generation comprise substituents that are directly bound to the triazine core, in the third generation triazines the phenylcarbazole-donor is attached via a nonconjugated ether bond. Within each generation various properties are tailored to fulfill the complex profile of requirements for host materials. Known nucleophilic substitution reactions were further improved to enable the efficient synthesis of novel host materials in very high purity and high yields. The sequential replacement of the chlorines of cyanuric chloride is dependent on temperature, actual ring substitution and the nature of the nucleophile. Effective methods were developed to yield asymmetrically substituted triazines in a controlled manner. The thermal properties, including the thermal stability to enable the processing by vapor deposition and the glass forming properties to result in a morphological stability of prepared thin emission layers, were controlled by systematic investigation of different substitution patterns. Thus, glass transition temperatures up to 170 °C are presented. Studies of the long term stability of amorphous host films, carried out for several materials, revealed its importance for long term efficient devices. The electrochemical properties of the novel compounds were investigated by cyclic voltammetry to study the energetic position of the HOMO and the LUMO as well as the stability of the material upon oxidation and reduction. Using this method the injection properties of the materials were determined. The blocking of activated positions resulted in reversible redox behavior. Furthermore the ionization potential was decreased for the third generation triazines to yield an improved hole injection into these materials. Additionally computational calculations were carried out to understand and further improve the energy levels by substituent exchange. This led directly to the development of bipolar host materials with separated hole and electron transport units within one molecule. Furthermore single carrier devices were fabricated to demonstrate the benefits of the transport bipolar characteristics. For the efficient operation of a device the triplet energy of the host material has to be higher compared to the emitter. First generation triazines exhibit triplet energies up to 2.96 eV and therefore enable the use of light and middle blue phosphorescent emitters. Second generation triazines comprise exceptionally high triplet energies up to 3.24 eV. These are amongst the highest values reported in the literature and facilitate the use of deep blue phosphorescent emitters. For hosts of the third generation the triplet energy depends on the choice of the triazine moiety. They are therefore suited for light and deep blue emitter. Extensive photo physical characterizations of all materials have been carried out in solutions, neat films and doped films. Energy transfer experiments with several emitters additionally gained valuable information about the compatibility of host and guest molecules All generations of triazines are tested as host material in OLEDs. The optimization of the device configurations was carried out by combinatorial evaporation. The sequential adaption of layer thickness and composition helped to improve the device performance. The stepwise optimization of the host material properties resulted in an enduring progression concerning the luminance and efficiency. For the third generation triazines 11.5 % external quantum efficiency and a high brightness of 33000 cd/m2 were achieved. | <urn:uuid:7f10c395-bae6-43fa-9170-0c23d9d6ae23> | {
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} |
Y. Gao and J. Culberson
In this paper, we study the possibility of designing non-trivial random CSP models by exploiting the intrinsic connection between structures and typical-case hardness. We show that constraint consistency, a notion that has been developed to improve the efficiency of CSP algorithms, is in fact the key to the design of random CSP models that have interesting phase transition behavior and guaranteed exponential resolution complexity without putting much restriction on the parameter of constraint tightness or the domain size of the problem. We propose a very flexible framework for constructing problem instances withinteresting behavior and develop a variety of concrete methods to construct specific random CSP models that enforce different levels of constraint consistency.
A series of experimental studies with interesting observations are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of introducing structural elements in random instances, to verify the robustness of our proposal, and to investigate features of some specific models based on our framework that are highly related to the behavior of backtracking search algorithms. | <urn:uuid:dcb22b7e-e08f-4f7b-afc2-09e29e63817e> | {
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Geiger Engineers has achieved international recognition for its innovative engineering of tensile structures, long-span roof structures, and sports facilities. The firm has successfully completed a wide variety of membrane tensile structure projects both nationally and internationally. The firm was established in 1988 by David Geiger and a group of former associates in Geiger Berger, a firm instrumental in the development of a number of permanent structural fabric and membrane materials, including TEFLON™ coated fiberglass®.
Geiger Engineers has unparalleled expertise in tensile membrane structures of all sizes, with a significant concentration of the firm's practice in long-span roof structures, both conventional and tensile membrane. In the specialized field of tensile structures, the firm provides membrane patterning for fabrication; erection and stressing engineering for construction; as well as design. The firm has invented and developed a number of long-span structural systems renowned for their economy and has demonstrated its ability to optimize more conventional structural systems. With in-depth experience engineering and detailing a vast array of materials, Geiger Engineers has earned a reputation for finding cost-effective, creative and technologically appropriate solutions to a wide variety of engineering problems. | <urn:uuid:d0b5ce20-28d6-46df-95b5-c3e97375e3ee> | {
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The atmosphere is strongly affected by exchanges of heat, moisture and momentum with the underlying land or sea surface and these exchanges largely determine the variations of wind, temperature and humidity close to the surface.
Representing surface processes in a numerical forecasting model involves linking the model's atmospheric boundary layer scheme with its surface schemes and determining the structure of the very lowest part of the boundary layer, known as the surface layer. A prerequisite for improving the representation of these processes in models is building a good physical picture of behaviour at the surface. Observational studies play a prominent role in this research, but detailed process models, such as the Large Eddy Model, are also used.
Development of land surface modelling within the Met Office is now centred on the JULES, a community land surface model, with applications in both weather forecasting and climate modelling. The coupling between the atmosphere and the sea surface has been less intensively developed within the context of weather prediction models, but is currently receiving renewed attention.
Better representations of surface processes contribute directly to improvements in the forecasting of near surface variables, such as wind and temperature, while an accurate representation of the surface fluxes is important for the accurate long-term evolution of forecasts. In addition, weather and surface data are necessary inputs to a range of other environmental forecasting models.
To obtain a better understanding of physical processes operating at the surface and in the lowest few metres of the atmosphere.
To improve the forecasting of near-surface weather (notably winds and temperatures) and to provide better driving data to downstream models that depend on weather and surface data
Improving the treatment of marine boundary layers in the operational forecasting system by developing the representation of surface exchanges at the ocean's surface and investigating the possible benefits of enhanced coupling with the Ocean Forecasting.
Using detailed in situ observations of the surface and surface layer to identify deficiencies in current forecasting models.
Using retrievals of land surface temperatures from satellite observations to assess the current representation of the surface in forecasting models and to inform decisions about their possible use in data assimilation. | <urn:uuid:e98d8429-0f46-4c8f-b22e-4e84a0e541f6> | {
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This paper analyzes the classification of hyperspectral remote sensing images with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in the presence of a small ratio between the number of training samples and the number of spectral features. In these particular ill-posed problems, a reliable LDA requires one to introduce regularization for problem solving. Nonetheless, in such a challenging scenario, the resulting regularized LDA (RLDA) is highly sensitive to the tuning of the regularization parameter. In this context, we introduce in the remote sensing community an efficient version of the RLDA recently presented by Ye to cope with critical ill-posed problems. In addition, several LDA-based classifiers (i.e., penalized LDA, orthogonal LDA, and uncorrelated LDA) are compared theoretically and experimentally with the standard LDA and the RLDA. Method differences are highlighted through toy examples and are exhaustively tested on several ill-posed problems related to the classification of hyperspectral remote sensing images. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the presented RLDA technique and point out the main properties of other analyzed LDA techniques in critical ill-posed hyperspectral image classification problems.
Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on (Volume:47 , Issue: 3 )
Date of Publication: March 2009 | <urn:uuid:ca3a1a25-a46d-436c-83f9-779954697078> | {
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Publikation: Forskning - peer-review › Tidskriftsartikel
- Innovation och Design
- Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle
- Produkt- och produktionsutveckling
- Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik
In the design of high temperature components, design evaluation often requires an iterative procedure between thermal fluid and thermal structural simulations An integrated computer system providing an iterative environment for the multidisciplinary simulations re quired has been developed. The system supports iterations between thermal fluid and thermal structural simulations using two different commercial simulation packages. Traditionally, fluid and structural analysis have been simulated separately and analysis of coupled prob lems has required special, multidisciplinary simulation packages which are seldom used in early stages of design. Improving the infrastruc ture for data exchange between separate computer applications is one way to significantly reduce the lead time for design iterations. This reduction in lead-time allows multidisciplinary effects to be accounted for in early stages of design. The design system is demonstrated on an exhaust manifold, where the thermal interaction between fluid and structure is of significant importance.
The commercial simulation tools have been integrated to demonstrate the effect of automised data flow on design methodology, i.e , de sign iterations. This integration method makes use of existing features in the simulation packages and uses an export file format as the neu tral exchange format. In this way, the integrated system is simple and fast to develop which is preferred in small prototype systems and de velopment project Database integration supports a tighter integration, but requires more development effort. For design systems, where several design tools need to communicate, standardised information management procedures are preferable, following the ideas of the STEP framework.
|Tidskrift||Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications| | <urn:uuid:5cbf5497-cc3f-475b-a3d1-1c04da18be04> | {
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} |
We report the fabrication and analysis of optical waveguides in Yb:YAG crystals using either proton or carbon ion implantation. Planar waveguides were obtained by implanting the whole surface of the crystals. Channel waveguides were defined using an electroformed mask with apertures of 10, 15, and 20 micrometers in width. The waveguiding properties of the structures were analyzed, showing good light confinement based on the transversal mode distribution and optical transmission measurements. The spectroscopic properties of the Yb ions in the YAG host are preserved after the implantation process, which demonstrates the potential of this technique for tailoring microcomponents for integrated optics applications. In particular, the Yb:YAG waveguides have the potential to operate as miniature lasers.
© 2012 Optical Society of America
Original Manuscript: April 2, 2012
Revised Manuscript: June 13, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: June 20, 2012
Published: July 31, 2012
G. V. Vázquez, D. Ramírez, H. Márquez, E. Flores-Romero, J. Rickards, and R. Trejo-Luna, "Waveguiding properties in Yb:YAG crystals implanted with protons and carbon ions," Appl. Opt. 51, 5573-5578 (2012) | <urn:uuid:eebd4d9c-4288-4658-a0e9-42ad9ec319fa> | {
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Zhang, Lei (2006) Real-time digital signal processing system for normal probe diffraction technique. Masters thesis, Durham University.
Ultrasonic systems are widely used in many fields of non-destructive testing. The increasing requirement for high quality steel product stirs the improvement of both ultrasonic instruments and testing methods. The thesis indicates the basics of ultrasonic testing and Digital Signal Processing (DSP) technology for the development of an ultrasonic system. The aim of this project was to apply a new ultrasonic testing method - the Normal Probe Diffraction method to course grained steel in real-time and investigate whether the potential of probability of detection (POD) has been improved. The theories and corresponding experiment set-up of pulse-echo method, TOFD and NPD method are explained and demonstrated separately. A comparison of these methods shows different contributions made by these methods using different types of algorithms and signals. Non-real-time experiments were carried out on a VI calibration block using an USPC 3100 ultrasonic testing card to implement pulse-echo and NPD method respectively. The experiments and algorithm were simulated and demonstrated in Matlab. A low frequency Single-transmitter-multi-receiver ultrasonic system was designed and built with a digital development board and an analogue daughter card to transmit or receive signals asynchronously. A high frequency high voltage amplifier was designed to drive the ultrasonic probes. A Matlab simulation system built with Simulink indicates that the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) can be improved with an increment of up to 3dB theoretically based on the simulation results using DSP techniques. The DSP system hardware and software was investigated and a real-time DSP hardware system was supposed to be built to implement the high frequency system using a rapid code generated system based on Matlab Simulink model and the method was presented. However, extra effort needs to be taken to program the hardware using a low-level computer language to make the system work stably and efficiently.
|Item Type:||Thesis (Masters)|
|Award:||Master of Arts|
|Copyright:||Copyright of this thesis is held by the author|
|Deposited On:||09 Sep 2011 09:55| | <urn:uuid:3d2fb236-f927-4771-9ba2-4e2202094dc7> | {
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In this paper one generalizes the classical probability and imprecise probability to
the notion of "neutrosophic probability" in order to be able to model Heisenberg's
Uncertainty Principle of a particle's behavior, Schrödinger's Cat Theory, and the
state of bosons which do not obey Pauli's Exclusion Principle (in quantum physics).
Neutrosophic probability is close related to neutrosophic logic and neutrosophic set,
and etymologically derived from "neutrosophy".
Category: Quantum Physics | <urn:uuid:78001aaa-2466-4e6e-807e-3986aee2d303> | {
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Oñate, E., Rossi, R. and Idelsohn, S.R., 2008. Prediction of Melt Flow and Spread of Thermoplastic Objects with the Particle Finite Element Method. Fire Safety Science 9: 291-302. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-291
A new computational procedure for analysis of the melting and spread of polymers under fire conditions is presented. The method, termed Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), combines concepts from particlebased techniques with those of the standard finite element method (FEM). The key feature of the PFEM is the use of an updated Lagrangian description to model the motion of nodes (particles) in the thermoplastic material. Nodes are viewed as material points which can freely move and even separate from the main analysis domain representing, for instance, the effect of melting and dripping of polymer particles. A mesh connects the nodes defining the discretized domain where the governing equations are solved as in the standard FEM. An incremental iterative scheme for the solution of the non linear transient coupled thermal-flow problem is used. Examples of the possibilities of the PFEM for the modelling and simulation of the melting and spread of polymers under different fire conditions are described. Numerical results are compared with experimental data provided by NIST. | <urn:uuid:f66ce544-13df-4ff6-89eb-08ec356936b5> | {
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P. Wang and G. Vachtsevanos
Large manufacturing companies are considering to deliver to their customer base "guaranteed uptime" instead of the conventional service contracts. Modern industry is concerned about extending the lifetime of its critical processes and maintaining them only when required. Significant aspects of these trends include the ability to diagnose impending failures, prognose the remaining useful lifetime of the process and schedule maintenance operations so that uptime is maximized. Prognosis is probably the most difficult of the three issues leading to conditionbased maintenance. This paper attempts to address this challenging problem with intelligence-oriented techniques, specifically dynamic wavelet neural networks. Dynamic wavelet neural networks incorporate temporal information and storage capacity into their functionality so that they can predict into the future, carrying out fault prognostic tasks. An example is presented in which a trained dynamic wavelet neural network successfully prognoses a defective bearing with a crack in its inner race. | <urn:uuid:57e28f39-703a-4ba7-bb3f-1ca935fd0ae3> | {
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"url": "http://aaai.org/Library/Symposia/Spring/1999/ss99-04-018.php"
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Analysis of a commercial wind farm in Taiwan : Part I: Measurement results and simulations
Publikation: Forskning - peer review › Tidsskriftartikel
This paper presents both steady-state performance and dynamic simulations of a commercial wind farm (WF) in Taiwan through field measurement results and computer simulations. The companion paper in Part II discusses the dynamic and transient analyzed results of using current-limit reactors (CLRs) and load tap changers on power-quality improvement of the studied WF. With 23 2-MW DFIG-type wind turbine generators, this WF is connected to the 161-kV extra high-voltage substation of Taiwan Power System through a 23/161-kV 60-MVA step-up main transformer from six feeders with CLRs. Through comparing field measured results, this paper establishes a simulation model to simulate and analyze the steady-state and dynamic characteristics of the studied WF which is subject to disturbance conditions under different wind-speed conditions. | <urn:uuid:44c15671-c46e-4875-9bbf-87a3ca522f0f> | {
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} |
|Type of Publication:||Article|
|Journal:||Journal of Physical Chemistry B||Volume:||110|
|Month:||JUN 15 2006|
PT: J; TC: 42; UT: WOS:000238102800009
This paper explores the possibility of using arrays of metallic carbon nanotubes as sensors. Unlike their semiconducting counterparts, single-walled carbon nanotube arrays or networks that are dominated by metallic conduction pathways have not been investigated for their environmental sensitivity. In this work, we demonstrate transduction of molecular adsorption via charge transfer through predominantly metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes. Raman spectroscopy and electric field dependent transport confirm that signal transduction takes place through primarily large diameter metallic nanotubes. This unique signal transduction mechanism might have implications for novel sensors. The scaling of the signal with array impedance is well described using an irreversible binding model developed previously. The arrays have several advantages including a simple, two-electrode fabrication, rapid regeneration, and a responsivity that scales predictably and linearly with the number of adsorption sites. An array-assisted hydrolysis of reactive analytes is found to regenerate the nanotube surface from hydrolyzable species which include important organophosphate nerve agents.
© Strano Research Group | <urn:uuid:777f30df-6d94-4093-bae0-3fd280d123db> | {
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Juan Flores and Arthur M. Farley
In this paper, we present a framework for performing incremental design in the domain of linear circuits. By incremental design, we mean the modification of an existing design to meet additional design goals while not denying certain design constraints. We start with a given circuit and want to modify aspects of its behavior while not changing others. Through means-ends search, we add components to the circuit to achieve the desired behavior without violating given constraints. The means-ends solution is based on a constraint-based model derived from circuit theory. A given design problem is first solved in terms of a qualitative model of the circuit. The framework we present is also capable of determining numerical values of parameters associated with the components added by the design process. This is accomplished by using the operating conditions of the circuit as input and the values of the parameters as output and running our constraint propagation system to determine the output values. This feature allows us to complete the design process, combining qualitative and quantitative reasoning. | <urn:uuid:f0c701e3-35bb-45a5-a434-6143eccb90e5> | {
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We demonstrate accurate two-dimensional mapping of the phase retardation induced by the electro-optic effect in lithium niobate crystals. Off-axis digital holography is used to investigate congruent z-cut crystals. The spatially resolved optical path difference is interferometrically measured while a linearly rising voltage ramp is applied to the crystal. This procedure provides information on the uniformity of crystals' electro-optic properties and offers the ability to detect the presence of defects that is of fundamental importance for reliable processing of photonic devices.
© 2005 Optical Society of America
M. de Angelis, S. De Nicola, A. Finizio, G. Pierattini, P. Ferraro, S. Grilli, M. Paturzo, L. Sansone, D. Alfieri, and P. De Natale, "Two-dimensional mapping of electro-optic phase retardation in lithium niobate crystals by digital holography," Opt. Lett. 30, 1671-1673 (2005) | <urn:uuid:0c21f970-abc5-4a46-94c8-eba3222f4d6e> | {
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Pressurized fuel cell power plant with air bypass
Pressurized fuel cell power plant with single reactant gas stream
Process for preparing a metal electrode
Fuel cell power plant and method for operating the same
Generating electricity from coal in situ
ApplicationNo. 06/375110 filed on 05/05/1982
US Classes:429/17, Generating, regenerating or recycling reactant429/19, Having means for active material generation or regeneration429/8, HAVING DISPARATE NONELECTRICAL FUNCTION48/197FMFuel mixtures
ExaminersPrimary: Hearn, Brian E.
Assistant: Kalafut, Stephen
Attorney, Agent or Firm
International ClassesC10K 3/00 (20060101)
H01M 8/06 (20060101)
Foreign Application Priority Data1981-05-08 DE
AbstractFuel gas mixtures of different composition containing hydrogen may be the main products or by-products of chemical conversion processes such as, without limitation, processes for the conversion of solid or liquid fuels. Such gas mixtures are, however, normally not fit for public gas supplies, as their heating value and their density and other properties would normally not conform to the standards and the codes of practice for gas properties. Methanation is a known process for the conversion of hydrogen-rich fuel gas mixtures into gases conforming to standard specifications. During the exothermal reaction of methanation, more than 15% of the enthalphy of the reactants may be lost.The invention allows the increase of the heating value of hydrogen-rich fuel gas mixtures, said increase being achieved at a high efficiency and maximizing the recovery of useful energy in the form of gas conforming to standards and electric power.The invention employs a fuel cell unit to which the complete gas mixture is supplied and in which part or all of the hydrogen contained in said gas mixture is oxidized by an electrochemical reaction and from which the constituents not so oxidized are removed inclusive of any hydrogen which may not have been so oxidized. | <urn:uuid:b3a08cbc-32e0-4dce-b49a-a416252523ba> | {
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cooperation; multiagent coordination; path planning; trajectory generation; unmanned air vehicles
This paper presents an end-to-end solution to the cooperative control problem represented by the scenario where unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) are assigned to transition through known target locations in the presence of dynamic threats. The problem is decomposed into the subproblems of: 1) cooperative target assignment; 2) coordinated UAV intercept; 3) path planning; 4) feasible trajectory generation; and 5) asymptotic trajectory following. The design technique is based on a hierarchical approach to coordinated control. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. | <urn:uuid:218c1d7e-a8fc-4537-a164-a87efb42113b> | {
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Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
A new, highly efficient, all-solid-phase synthesis of argifin, a natural product cyclic pentapeptide chitinase inhibitor, is reported. The synthesis features attachment of an orthogonally protected Asp residue to the solid support and assembly of the linear peptide chain by Fmoc SPPS prior to cyclisation and side-chain manipulation on-resin. Introduction of the key N-methyl carbamoyl-substituted Arg side chain is achieved via derivatisation of a selectively protected Orn residue, prior to cleavage from the resin and side-chain deprotection. A severe aspartimide side-reaction observed upon final deprotection is circumvented by the use of a novel aqueous acidolysis procedure. The. exibility of the synthesis is demonstrated by the preparation of a series of argifin analogues designed from the X-ray structure of the natural product in complex with a representative family 18 chitinase. | <urn:uuid:7057609f-9c6a-4143-babe-9708c0486d59> | {
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Thermionic emission from surface-terminated nanocrystalline diamond
Date of this VersionOctober 2006
Diamond & Related Materials 15 (2006) 1601-1608; DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.01.017
This document has been peer-reviewed.
Thermionic electron emission forms the basis of both electron sources for a variety of applications and a direct energy conversion process that is compact and scalable. The present study characterizes thermionic emission from boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond films with hydrogen and nitrophenyl surface termination layers. A hemispherical energy analyzer was used to measure electron energy distributions from the emitters at elevated temperatures. Thermionic emission energy distributions, acquired at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1100°C, reveal that emission occurs from regions of differing work functions. The relative peak intensities, representing each work function, change with temperature indicating instability in the emitter's surface chemistry. Corresponding partial pressure measurements of pertinent gases present in the chamber during the experiment were collected by a residual gas analyzer and support the hypothesis of unstable surface chemistry. The lowest work functions measured for the hydrogen- and nitrophenyl-terminated films were 3.95 and 3.88eV, respectively. After the initial heating cycle, the hydrogenterminated sample's surface was regenerated by exposure to hydrogen plasma. The lower work function was restored by this process, and the resulting thermionic electron energy distributions again were indicative of surface desorption. | <urn:uuid:bc96cf55-2c76-424f-8cf6-9496814bbebd> | {
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US 4091166 A
Plastic surfaces can be improved physically and optically by treating them with a plasma of boron trifluoride. The trifluoride can be the sole reactant or be part of a mixture also containing an organic monomeric substance such as perfluorobutene-2 or an organosilane. The boron trifluoride-containing coating can also serve as an intermediate coating between the plasticl surface and a plasma deposited organic polymer.
1. A method for depositing a single layer coating on a plastic substrate, comprising the step of subjecting the substrate to bombardment by boron trifluoride in plasma form.
2. A method of claim 1 wherein the boron trifluoride is employed at a pressure within the range of 9.3 to 20 N/m.sup.2 and the plasma is maintained by a radio frequency voltage within the range of about 30 to 75 watts.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the boron trifluoride plasma comprises a nitrogen-containing gas.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the boron trifluoride plasma comprises an organic monomeric substance.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the single layer coating obtained is further subjected to a plasma of an organic monomeric substance.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the organic monomeric substance is selected from the group consisting of organosilanes and perfluorobutene-2.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the coated substrate is further treated in a nitrogen plasma.
8. A plastic surface coated with a layer of plasma deposited boron trifluoride.
9. The boron trifluoride coated plastic surface of claim 8 which carries an outer layer of a plasma polymerized organic monomeric compound.
10. The plastic surface of claim 9 wherein the outer layer consists of a plasma polymerized mixture of an organic monomeric compound and boron trifluoride.
11. The plastic surface of claim 9 which has been subjected to a further treatment by a nitrogen plasma.
The coating processes that constitute the present invention may be carried out in any of the plasma reactors described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,847,652. The configuration actually employed for the preparations disclosed in the present specification involved an internal electrode parallel plate arrangement deposition system, with the deposition taking place within the plasma between the electrodes. The reactor, 25.4 cm in diameter and 30.5 cm long, was connected to a liquid nitrogen trap in train with a vacuum pump. Except as shall be otherwise noted, the reactor and its accessory equipment were set up and operated substantially in the manner described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,847,652.
The plastic material to be coated, e.g., polished cast sheet stock of a bisphenol A-phosgene polycarbonate resin, can be cleaned before coating, although this was found not to be necessary in the case of boron trifluoride coating due to the high adhesion of that substance to the plastic substrate. In any event, the cleaning, when done, generally consisted in (1) dipping the plastic pieces in Freon solvent T-WD 602, a water dispersion of trichlorotrifluoroethane having an initial boiling point of 47 e.g., trichlorotrifluoroethane; and (3) degreasing them in vapors of the latter liquid. Other established techniques such as pretreatment of the plastic surfaces with water, ammonia, oxygen and the like can also be advantageously employed to enhance the properties of some of the films that can be produced by the process of the invention.
The coating process is initiated by positioning the plastic substrate near the center of the reactor in an aluminum frame supported by Teflon legs. The reactor is evacuated to a background pressure 0.67 N/m.sup.2 of mercury and the coating agent allowed to flow in at a suitable rate and pressure. Radio frequency power, e.g., at 13.56 MH.sub.z, is then applied either continuously or, if desired, in a pulsed mode, for example in an on-off cycle of 1.5 millisecond. Although a large number of power settings and pressure combinations can be employed to achieve some coating of BF.sub.3 on plastic substrates, preferred pressures and power settings range between about 9.3 to 20 N/m.sup.2 and 30 to 75 W, respectively.
The boron trifluoride coating obtained in this manner can serve as the sole protection of the plastic surface or, alternately, it may serve as a base upon which organic polymeric coatings are deposited to augment the protection afforded to the plastic surface and to increase the adhesion of said organic polymeric coatings to the plastic surface. These organic coatings may be applied in any conventional manner but plasma deposition is preferred for the obtention of thin transparent uniform films of controlled thickness. Among the materials that can be used to overcoat the boron trifluoride film are: perfluorobutene-2; organosilanes such as vinyltrichlorosilane, tetraethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, hexamethyldisilazane, tetramethylsilane, vinyldimethylethoxysilane, vinyltrimethyoxysilane, tetravinylsilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, and methyltrimethoxysilane; ethylene-nitrogen gas mixtures, and the like. These materials may be employed singly or in any combination desired.
A further alternative to employment of the boron trifluoride coating as an intermediate film between the plastic surface and the outer organic polymeric coating, is to combine the boron trifluoride with the organic monomer gas and carry out the deposition of a film with that mixture.
Finally, any coating thus obtained can be further treated in a plasma of inorganic gas or vapors, including nitrogen, oxygen, ammonia and the like, to convert as much of the coating substance as possible to oxides, nitrides and other appropriate resistant linkages.
Examples will now be provided to illustrate specific non-limiting embodiments of the processes just described.
A piece of optically clear polymethylmethacrylate was placed in a boron trifluoride plasma in an apparatus of the type already described. The pressure of boron trifluoride, the lone reactant, was set at 9.3 N/m.sup.2 and the power, at 50 W. Under these conditions, a clear film was deposited onto the substrate at a rate in the order of about 0.25 to 0.50 Angstrom per second. The film, even at thicknesses as small as 600 A for example, exhibited a strong blue color, indicating an index of refraction smaller than that of the polymethylmethacrylate (1.492 N.sub.B) with good uniformity. Adhesion of the film to the substrate was excellent as determined by tape pull test in accordance with MIL-SPEC C675A. The film however lacked durability in that on wiping with lens cleaning tissue, severe scratching and smearing occurred. This latter shortcoming as well as the low deposition rate achieved can be improved by varying the pressure and the power employed. The film obtained is advantageously used as an intermediate layer to increase the adherence of polymerized organic films such as polyperfluorobutene-2 to the plastic surface.
In this preparation, boron trifluoride was mixed with nitrogen gas in a ratio of 2 to 1. The total pressure was about 20 N/m.sup.2 and the power at 35-75 W. A blue film was obtained and, again, at a very low deposition rate. Infrared spectrum data showed absorption at the B-N bond wavelength. Adhesion of the film to the substrate was very good while durability was poor. The thickness of the film was measured by interferometry. It was thus determined that at 35 watts of power, the deposition rate was 0.62 A per second. The coating showed signs of incipient opacity at power settings greater than 60 watts.
In this preparation, boron trifluoride was deposited in combination with perfluorobutene-2. The total pressure of the gas mixture was 20 N/m.sup.2 and their ratio, 2 to 1 respectively. The power used was 50 W. Under these conditions, the rate of deposition increased to about 2 A/second and the film obtained showed good adhesion and moderate durability. The coating however did not pass a hand cleaning test with lens tissue.
A comparison of infrared spectra taken from the present film and from one prepared with perfluorobutene-2 as the sole reactant indicated that while both coatings showed one absorption peak at 9 μ (C-F), that obtained from the film of the present example was considerably larger. Incorporation of boron was also evident.
The plasma coated plastic substrate of Example 3 was given a nitrogen post-treatment which consisted in evacuating the apparatus to the background pressure and creating a nitrogen plasma for 500-700 seconds at a pressure of 13.3 N/m.sup.2 and a power of 50 W. The durability of the treated film was markedly improved. The product successfully passed the tape pull test for adhesion. It was also free of degradation after having been subjected to 20 and 40 rubs with an eraser under 2.2 psi pressure, as specified by MIL SPEC-C-675A. This data, according to the standard procedure, was obtained by visual inspection of the coating, as the specification requires. Further, inspection under 40 magnification and white-light illumination failed to detect any degradation. Also, immersion for up to 24 hours in distilled water or in Freon TF (trichlorotrifluoroethane) and acetone showed the coating to be insoluble.
Although the present invention has been disclosed generally in terms of its preferred parameters and embodiments, it will be understood that many variations in compositions and processes can be carried out by the man skilled in the art without departing from its spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.
Synthetic plastic optical components are generally made from organic resins such as acrylics, polystyrenes, polycarbonates and the like. Although they possess several advantages over the more traditional glass and crystalline materials in terms of weight, resistance to thermal shock and mechanical stresses, cost, etc., they are particularly vulnerable to abrasion, scratching and environmental conditions. This vulnerability often results in impairment, if not complete destruction of their optical capabilities.
Numerous attempts have been made to correct these defects. These attempts have often consisted in applying some scratch resistant layer of material on the components by conventional methods which have included dip coating, electronic beam coating, ultraviolet polymerization and varnishing of the components' surface with a solution of the coating material followed by evaporation of the solvent. While some progress has been accomplished in these manners, the compositions and processes employed have tended to create additional problems with respect to cost, uniformity, adhesion, orientation and directionality requirements between the substrate and the coating composition. To illustrate the shortcomings of the methods of the art, one can consider the dip coating process which consists in immersing a substrate into a coating liquid, removing it from the liquid and drying it. One problem with this process is that the thickness of the resulting film is virtually beyond control. Furthermore, not only do films so prepared not show any durability at thicknesses under about 1 micron, but also they are generally too thick and not sufficiently uniform for use as optical coatings on a substrate having the complex geometry of a lens. Thick coatings (> 2 microns) in fact never exhibit both abrasion resistance and anti-reflective properties over the entire range of the visible spectrum (˜ 4000 to 7000 A).
Recent developments in the art of coating plastic substrates have involved the utilization of plasma or glow discharge polymerization of various organic monomers which include organo-silanes and perfluorobutene-2. These processes have yielded thin uniform optically clear coatings which may possess, depending on the monomer selected and the conditions employed, various desirable properties such as abrasion resistance and antireflectivity.
Thin inorganic coatings have also been applied to thermoplastic elements to achieve increased scratch or abrasion resistance. Thus, Cormia (U.S. Pat. No. 3,458,342), Onoki (U.S. Pat. No. 3,811,753) and Chang et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,991,234) all disclose applying a vitreous coating on plastic lenses by simple evaporation, preferably in a vacuum. Dobler (U.S. Pat. No. 3,984,581) and Addis (U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,652), on the other hand, suggest coating a plastic lens under vacuum conditions, using electron bombardment to vaporize a material which is glass in the Addis process and silicon oxide in the Dobler process. The use of elevated temperatures is avoided.
An object of the present invention is to provide a new type of inorganic coating for optical or other thermoplastic substrates. Another object is to provide an intermediate coating which will enhance the adherence of certain organic polymeric materials to said substrates. A further object is to provide a material which can be plasma coated simultaneously with suitable organic monomeric substances to improve the properties of the resulting polymeric coating.
It has now been discovered that these and other objects which will become apparent as the process of the invention is described, can be accomplished by subjecting a plastic substrate to a boron trifluoride low temperature plasma. The process may be used to form a single inorganic coating of the material on the plastic surface or to form a coating which combines the boron trifluoride with an organic polymeric coating substance. Alternately, the coating obtained by exposure to a boron trifluoride plasma may serve as an intermediate binding layer between the plastic and an outer organic polymeric coating.
The invention described herein was made in the performance of work under a NASA contract and is subject to the provisions of Section 305 of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, Public Law 85-568 (72 Stat. 435; 42 U.S.C. 2457). | <urn:uuid:3ebc288d-8f9f-47f4-9e51-96b32bef29dd> | {
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PEP Review 98-01
Ethylenediamine Via The Amination of Monoethanolamine
Published: September 2000
US Patent 5952529 pertains to the composition of a catalyst and its use in a process for producing ethyleneamines from monoethanolamine (MEA) and ammonia-more specifically, for producing ethylenediamine (EDA). The objective is to produce EDA under practical operating conditions in significantly higher yield than can be obtained using commercial methodology that practices the same chemistry. The other products made by this chemistry include cyclic polyamines, acyclic polyamines, and hydroxylated acyclic polyamines.
The patent discloses a catalyst composition comprising nickel-cobalt-copperrhenium-boron supported on silica that is purported to result in a significantly higher EDA selectivity per reactor pass (+90 mol% based on MEA) compared to current practice (~70 mol%) under similar operating conditions and MEA conversion levels (~35%). | <urn:uuid:d953f6a2-0b29-4084-80f3-70d4db7c9f30> | {
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Plastic Deformation at Moderate Temperatures of 6XXX-series Aluminium Alloys
Abstract (Summary)The present work has been carried out in order to investigate Al-Mg-Si alloys that are deformed at moderate temperatures. These temperatures are in the range between 200 C and 300 C. Also some experiments are performed at room temperatures. Two deformation models have been applied in the experiments: material deformation by compression testing and by forward extrusion. The investigated alloys are AA6063, AA6082 and an alloy that is named “Alloy R” in this work. The latter alloy is the industrial alloy AA6082 without the Mn-addition (0.56wt%Mn in the AA6082). The “R” denotes the recrystallized microstructure in the material after hot forming operations.The investigations show the effect of changing the temperature in the given temperature interval on the stress-strain relationship for each alloy. From the compression testing, it is found that none of the alloys AA6063 or Alloy “R” reaches a steady state condition as true strain approaches 0.8 for deformation temperatures between 200 C and 250 C. At compression testing performance at 300 C, the alloy “R” reaches a steady state condition at a true strain equal to 0.4.As true stress-true strain relationship has been investigated for the “Alloy R” and the AA6063 at comparable deformation parameters, it is shown that the alloy “R”, with the highest Si-content, requires the highest true stress for a given true strain value (AA6063: 0.45wt%Si, Alloy “R”: 0.87wt%Si).From the compression testing, the effect of Mn on the material properties in the AA6082-alloy has been determined. For the Alloy “R” and the AA6082, the true stress reached the same value after a certain amount of deformation. As deformation temperature increases, this common value of true stress corresponds to a decrease in true strain.The AA6082 and Alloy “R” are also compared in experiments performed in forward extrusion. One observes that for the same deformation temperature and at identical die diameters, the ram force is identical. It is worth noticing that these alloys did not show the same relationship during the compression testing at low values of true strain (<0.8). On a microscopic scale, one concludes that Mn has no significant effect on the stress-strain relationship for the applied deformation parameters in the forward extrusion equipment.Hardness measurements indicate that the age hardening potential in the extruded test specimen decreases as the deformation temperature increases. The hardness data is similar for both the AA6082 and the Alloy R, thus indicating that the Mn content has no significant effect on the strength of the material.The deformed material has been annealed in order to investigate the recrystallization process in the AA6082 and the Alloy “R”. The recrystallization grain size in the Alloy “R” is significantly larger than in the AA6082 at comparable deformation parameters after annealing at 530 C for 15 minutes. This result is due to the effect of Mn-containing dispersoids in the AA6082. The recrystallization grain size in the Alloy “R” seems to be unaffected by the deformation temperature after annealing for 15 minutes. The observation of the AA6082 is quite different. A small increase in grain size is observed for both reduction ratios as the deformation temperature is elevated from 20C to 200 C and further to 250 C. At extrusion temperatures of 300 C the recrystallization grains are significantly larger.Annealing experiments performed at 430 C on the AA6082 indicates that a change in the deformation temperature from 200 C to 250 C does not affect the amount of stored energy in the material significantly.The Forge2 programme has been used to perform numeric simulations of the forward extrusion experiment. From this the temperature distribution, strain rate variation and true strain development in the test piece had been investigated. As the simulated true strain values are compared to the grain size in the annealed material, the recrystallization grain size is related to the amount of stored energy in the material in a very convincing way. It is also shown that the recrystallization grain diameter is related to the amount stored energy as the grain diameter is investigated in the radial and the extrusion direction separately.
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Date of Publication:01/01/2002 | <urn:uuid:bd2bd2b3-5748-4914-9f4d-c66795c4af21> | {
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Optical nonlinearities of five new organophosphorus fullerene derivatives with similar structures were determined by the Z-scan method by use of a nanosecond-pulse laser at 532 nm. The experimental results demonstrate that the five derivatives have much larger excited-state absorption and nonlinear refraction than C60. The excited-state absorption cross sections are nearly two to three times that of C60. Using a five-level model to fit the experimental data, we obtained some parameters such as excited-state absorption and refraction cross sections. A simple analysis of correlations between molecular structure and nonlinear properties is given. Optical nonlinearities of the five new organophosphorus fullerene derivatives were compared with those of some other kinds of fullerene derivatives, and the results show that the nonlinearities of the new derivatives are the larger.
© 2003 Optical Society of America
(160.4330) Materials : Nonlinear optical materials
(190.0190) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics
(190.4710) Nonlinear optics : Optical nonlinearities in organic materials
(190.5330) Nonlinear optics : Photorefractive optics
Zhi-Bo Liu, Jian-Guo Tian, Wei-Ping Zang, Wen-Yuan Zhou, Chun-Ping Zhang, Jian-Yu Zheng, Ying-Chun Zhou, and Hua Xu, "Large Optical Nonlinearities of New Organophosphorus Fullerene Derivatives," Appl. Opt. 42, 7072-7076 (2003) | <urn:uuid:14f70346-23fa-4c02-9d2a-a231c38b18e4> | {
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Characterising wireless sensor motes for space applications
Vladimirova, T, Bridges, CP, Prassinos, G, Wu, XF, Sidibeh, K, Barnhart, DJ, Jallad, AH, Paul, JR, Lappas, V, Baker, A, Maynard, K and Magness, R (2007) Characterising wireless sensor motes for space applications In: 2nd NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems, 2007-08-05 - 2007-08-08, Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, SCOTLAND.
This paper is concerned with application of standard wireless COTS protocols to space. Suitability of commercially available wireless sensor mote kits for communication inside and between satellites is investigated Spacecraft applications of motes are being considered and a set of requirements are identified Selected mote kits are tested under various scenarios complying with spacecraft testing procedures. The paper details the results of the carried out functional, EMC/I, vibration, thermal and radiation tests.
|Item Type:||Conference or Workshop Item (UNSPECIFIED)|
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||wireless sensor nodes, mote kits, satellites, wireless COTS prolocols, distributed space systems|
|Divisions:||Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences > Electronic Engineering > Surrey Space Centre|
|Deposited By:||Mr Adam Field|
|Deposited On:||27 May 2010 15:47|
|Last Modified:||25 Apr 2013 14:33|
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This paper proposes a low bit-rate fractal image coding algorithm for wireless communication. The fractal image coding is well known for its high compression performance. This performance is useful for future wireless communications with narrow-band. However, in order to become a powerful image coding technique for wireless communications, its reconstructed image quality must be improved. Therefore, to achieve further quality improvement, a novel fractal image coding algorithm is proposed. Some simulation results verify that the proposed method can reconstruct images with 1.4 dB higher quality than JPEG at low bit-rates below 0.12 bits pixel and also higher quality than JPEG2000 at very low bit-rates below 0.035-0.05 bits pixel.
Date of Conference: 18-20 Sept. 2003 | <urn:uuid:225760b8-1b63-4d41-b29b-2deb3a42a269> | {
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Dynamic power saving in fat-tree interconnection networks using on/off links
|Research Area:||Routing Algorithms||Year:||2006|
|Type of Publication:||In Proceedings||Keywords:||dynamic power saving; fat-tree interconnection networks; high-performance parallel computers; network power consumption reduction; on-off links; routing algorithm; energy conservation; multiprocessor interconnection networks; parallel processing;|
|Book title:||Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, 2006. IPDPS 2006. 20th International|
Current trends in high-performance parallel computers show that fat-tree interconnection networks are one of the most popular topologies. The particular characteristics of this topology, that provide multiple alternative paths for each source/destination pair, make it an excellent candidate for applying power consumption reduction techniques. Such techniques are being increasingly applied in computer systems and the interconnection network is not an exception, since its contribution to the system power budget is not negligible. In this paper, we present a mechanism that dynamically switches on and off network links as a function of traffic. The mechanism is designed to guarantee network connectivity, according to the underlying routing algorithm. In this way, the default routing algorithm can be used regardless of the power saving actions taken, thus simplifying router design. Our simulation results show that significant network power consumption reductions can be obtained at no cost. Latency remains the same although the number of operating network links is dynamically adjusted. | <urn:uuid:450ea806-4c7e-40f8-a116-5a32af55a67a> | {
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American Nuclear Society (ANS)
Standards for nuclear facility design, engineering, operations, research and regulation from the ANS.
The American Nuclear Society (ANS) has written and approved nearly 150 standards that address design, analysis, and operation of components, systems and facilities involved in or utilizing nuclear technology.
Who Uses ANS standards:
- Regulatory authorities
ANS standards cover topics such as:
- Design criteria for nuclear power stations
- Criticality control of fuel mixtures
- Radioactive dosage criteria
- Concrete radiation shield design
- Accident alarm systems for nuclear plants
- Safety guide for the performance of critical experiments | <urn:uuid:4ee98dfe-f746-406e-be88-8d41dc4b6a17> | {
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An Atomistic Simulation Study of Carbon Nanostructure Growth in the Porosity of Different Zeolites
T. Roussel, C. Bichara and R.J.-M. Pellenq
Centre de Recherche en Matière Condensée et Nanosciences, CNRS, FR
carbon nanostructures, hydrogen storage, grand canonical Monte-Carlo
In this work, we present Grand Canonical Monte-Carlo simulation results for the adsorption of carbon vapour in the pores of various zeolites: AlPO4-5, silicalite and Faujasite (both in its sodium and siliceous form). The carbon-carbon interactions are described within the frame of a Tight Binding approach (fourth momentum’s method) while the carbon-zeolite interactions are modelled using a PN-TrAZ physisorption potential. In the case of AlPO4-5, we demonstrate the possibility of producing the smallest single wall carbon nanotubes (0.4 nm in diameter) in agreement with experiment [Wang N., Tang Z. K., Li G.D., J.S. Li, ’Single-walled 4 Å nanotube arrays’, Nature, 408, 50-51 (2000)]. By contrast, the adsorption of carbon in the porosity of silicalite zeolite allows just the formation of a network of intercrossing carbon chains. The intrinsic stability of such carbon nanostructures was also investigated after removal of the inorganic phase by performing Molecular Dynamics relaxations using a bond order carbon-carbon potential (see for instance. The adsorption isotherm of molecular hydrogen was subsequently calculated at room temperature for each relaxed structure.
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Nanotech 2005 Conference Program Abstract | <urn:uuid:28ded061-bb88-43de-af3e-db6f886d9ce0> | {
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Continuous Coating Process for Magnet Wire Insulation
Agency / Branch:
DOD / OSD
In recent decades, advancements in electronic components have led to devices that generate significantly more heat per unit area. The processes by which waste heat is removed are less efficient, and the system must operate at higher temperatures. Magnet wire is a key component in many of these devices, and the durability of the insulating coating is critical to operation at elevated temperatures. Additional stresses on the wire insulation also come from the use of high-frequency, pulse-width-modulation control schemes. The integrity and lifetime of the magnet wire coating is therefore directly related to system performance and reliability. In previous work, Ultramet developed a rapid, low-cost method of applying oxide, nitride, and carbide interface coatings to carbon and silicon carbide fibers at low temperatures (as low as 100 degrees C) through ultraviolet-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (UVCVD). Ultraviolet energy is used to decompose coating precursor gases at much lower temperatures than when thermal energy is used alone. The low temperature process has clear advantages over alternative coating methods because it is not line-of-sight and therefore can uniformly coat intricate shapes such as individual fine fibers. In this project, Ultramet will extend the current technology by applying BN coatings as insulation on magnet wire. The UVCVD process will also be transitioned from batch to continuous deposition, which will further reduce the cost of the coating process. The continuous process will also have increased manufacturing capabilities because it is not limited by downtime between batches or by reactor size.
Small Business Information at Submission:
12173 Montague Street Pacoima, CA 91331
Number of Employees: | <urn:uuid:87a28f20-6e6f-4936-b079-96fe99cde869> | {
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A high-precision deformable mirror for spectral phase control
The 1 × 140 actuator Linear Array Deformable Mirror (DM) was developed for use in laser pulse shaping applications in which the DM is used to modify the phase of the spectral components of the laser pulse to achieve a desired temporal pulse characteristic. The device design is a based on BMC’s heritage deformable mirror technology that uses hysteresis-free electrostatic actuators to deform a continuous or segmented mirror facesheet. The prototype deformable mirror device has both a continuous and segmented mirror facesheet version as shown below, with an active area of 1.2 mm × 41.7 mm and 1.5 mm × 42 mm respectively. Each active mirror area is supported by an array of electrostatic actuators, spaced at a pitch of 300 μm. | <urn:uuid:7305287a-31ae-4243-aa68-780e0e5374dd> | {
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Results achieved by ERTS-Atmospheric Experiment PR303, whose objective is to establish a radiometric calibration technique, are reported. This technique, which determines and removes solar and atmospheric parameters that degrade the radiometric fidelity of ERTS data, transforms the ERTS sensor radiance measurements to absolute target reflectance signatures. A Radiant Power Measuring Instrument (RPMI) and its use in determining atmospheric parameters needed for ground truth are discussed. The procedures used and results achieved in machine processing ERTS computer- compatible tapes and atmospheric parameters to' obtain target reflectance are reviewed.
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Padmarajaiah, SK and Ramaswamy, Ananth (2004) Flexural strength predictions of steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete in fully/partially prestressed beam specimens. In: Cement and Concrete Composites, 26 (4). pp. 275-290.
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This study presents results from an experimental program for eight fully prestressed beams and seven partially prestressed beams made with high strength fiber-reinforced concrete (plain concrete strength of 65 MPa). These studies mainly attempted to determine the influence of trough-shaped steel fibers in altering the flexural strength at first crack and ultimate, the load–deflection and moment–curvature characteristics, ductility and energy absorption capacity of the beams. The magnitude of the prestress, volume fraction of the fibers ranging from 0% to 1.5% and the location of fibers were the variables in the test program. Analytical models to determine the load–deflection and moment–curvature relationships as a function of the fiber volume fraction have been formulated. Empirical relationships for the ultimate strength, first crack load level, load versus deflection and moment versus curvature as a function of fiber content have been proposed by making use of force equilibrium and compatibility considerations. A primary finding emerging from the experimental program was that the placement of fibers over a partial depth in the tensile side of the prestressed flexural structural members provided equivalent flexural capacity as in a beam having the same amount of fiber over the full cross-section. In large scale precast concrete applications it is expected that this would be economical and lead to considerable cost saving in the design without sacrificing on the desired structural performance. The analytical models proposed in this study predicts the test results closely.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Additional Information:||Copyright of this article belongs to Elsevier.|
|Keywords:||Flexural strength; Partial depth fibers; Load–deflection response; Moment–curvature relationship; Fully/partially prestressed beams; High-strength fiber concrete; Analytical models|
|Department/Centre:||Division of Mechanical Sciences > Civil Engineering|
|Date Deposited:||16 Mar 2007|
|Last Modified:||19 Sep 2010 04:36|
Actions (login required) | <urn:uuid:04b7516d-00b8-454d-b323-d6fc98b123bf> | {
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Paper recovery and investment behaviour in the European pulp and paper industry
Abstract (Summary)This thesis consists of an introductory part followed by two self-contained papers both analysing the effect recovered paper has on the locational choice for investments in the European pulp and paper industry. In the first paper we develop a continuous Cobb-Douglas investment model with the purpose of finding and estimating the investment determinants for the European pulp and paper industry, with special focus on the impact of recovered paper. The analysis is carried out within a neo-classical locational framework in which firms minimise the production and transportation costs for both input factors and for output products. We use a panel of data consisting of ten European countries over the period 1978 to 1995. The results suggests that both short and long run aspects of wastepaper recovery tend not to be important determinants of investment activities in the pulp and paper industry, whereas the price of wood pulp and electricity together with existing capacity seem to be more important. In the second paper we employ a different approach to the same problem. In this paper we develop a conditional logit model and compile the number of investment projects that were scheduled to be finished in 16 European countries between 1985 and 1995. In contrast to the first paper, which used continuous data, this model employs discrete data for the dependent variable. A discrete variable counts the actual number of times a certain event has taken place, i.e., the number of investment projects. The same set of determinants as in the first paper is used to ease comparing the two papers. We further break down the investment projects into four paper grades, which allow us to analyse the effects of wastepaper in greater detail. The results suggest that factor input prices in general and the price for wastepaper in particular are neither statistically nor economically significant location determinants for a paper manufacturer. Furthermore, the results suggest that market size and agglomeration effects are more important than the price of raw materials for location. On the basis of the results from the two papers, we can conclude that the price of wastepaper is not an important determinant for the European pulp and paper industry when choosing investment sites. Price driven policies aimed at stimulating paper recovery may therefore fail to achieve increased investments in the industry. At the same time, both papers suggests that agglomeration effects, i.e., existing productive capacity, is an important determinant. The economic significance of the agglomeration coefficients suggests that the power of sunk costs is important. Investments are largely diverted to existing capacity and the ability to attract new establishments is limited.
School:Luleå tekniska universitet
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Date of Publication:01/01/2000 | <urn:uuid:0ba3c12b-7625-4d46-9995-4488aa0e518e> | {
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This review is concerned with a discussion of numerical methods for the solution of the equations of special relativistic hydrodynamics (SRHD). Particular emphasis is put on a comprehensive review of the application of high-resolution shock-capturing methods in SRHD. Results of a set of demanding test bench simulations obtained with different numerical SRHD methods are compared. Three applications (astrophysical jets, gamma-ray bursts and heavy ion collisions) of relativistic flows are discussed. An evaluation of various SRHD methods is presented, and future developments in SRHD are analyzed involving extension to general relativistic hydrodynamics and relativistic magneto-hydrodynamics. The review further provides FORTRAN programs to compute the exact solution of a 1D relativistic Riemann problem with zero and nonzero tangential velocities, and to simulate 1D relativistic flows in Cartesian Eulerian coordinates using the exact SRHD Riemann solver and PPM reconstruction. | <urn:uuid:97f44562-6d1e-48ff-8b38-b8aa77122dce> | {
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Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Professor M.A. Elbestawi
A new approach for automated tool condition monitoring in machining by using fuzzy neural networks is proposed. The Multiple Principal Component (MPC) fuzzy neural networks are built based on three major components of soft computation, namely fuzzy logic, neural networks, and probability reasoning.
The system architecture is a partially connected neural network with fuzzy classification at neurons and fuzzy membership grades for interconnections. Principal component analyses in multiple directions are implemented tor the feature extraction and the "maximum partition". The partitions of the learning samples are based on the distributions of the monitoring indices in the principal component directions. A fuzzy membership function is used to measure uncertainties in the sampled data and to form "soft boundaries" between the classes. A processing clement in the network is connected to others through the fuzzy membership grades and other information available. The partial connections make short training times and short routines in classifications.
Three major issues in developing the MPC fuzzy neural networks are supervised classification, unsupervised classification and knowledge updating. The system obtains the knowledge about classifications by learning. The learning samples are obtained from cutting tests performed through a reasonable range of cutting conditions.
Several sensors are used for monitoring feature extraction. The signals from different types of sensors at different locations insure that the most significant information about the changes in tool conditions is collected. Metal cutting mechanics are first considered for the sensor selection and the sensor allocation. The measured signals are further analyzed and the monitoring features are extracted. These indices are the inputs for the fuzzy neural networks. The tool conditions considered include sharp tool, tool breakage, and a few selected stages of tool wear. The experimental results in turning and drilling have shown good performance of the proposed monitoring system in these tests.
Li, Shengmu, "Automated Tool Condition Monitoring in Machining Using Fuzzy Neural Networks" (1995). Open Access Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2240. | <urn:uuid:72570124-b8a7-46a8-a0c2-cb8772f2b522> | {
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Queue computation model is a novel alternative for high performance architectures. Compiling for queue machines requires a different approach than compiling for traditional architectures. We have solved the problem of generating correct code with the queue compiler infrastructure. In this paper we introduce some problems encountered when optimizing code for queue machines. Common-subexpression elimination (CSE) is a widely used optimization to improve execution time. This paper makes a quantitative evaluation of how this optimization affects the characteristics of queue programs. We have found that in average, 28% of instructions are eliminated, and 15% of the critical path is reduced. We determine how enlarging the scope of compilation from expressions to basic blocks affects the distribution of offsetted instructions.
Date of Conference: 7-9 May 2008 | <urn:uuid:b0b97fad-5528-4cea-b130-2c01468e0082> | {
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Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Professor J. Tlusty
One important field of "Structural Dynamics" is "Modal Analysis Testing". This field, concerns the modes of vibration which constitute the link between experimental and analytical methods, like Finite Elements.
The present work deals with the use of the experimental data obtained from Modal Analysis Testing in building a mathematical model of the structure, identifying its parameters and predicting the effects of possible design changes on its dynamics. It also deals with the use of these experimental data in predicting the behaviour of the structure according to a certain criterion. In this work, in particular, machine tool structures are considered.
A systematic formulation of identifying the structural parameters from the Modal Analysis Testing is presented. It depends basically on the accessibility of the relevant coordinates for measurement. If all these coordinates are accessible then the formulation based on the equation of motion of the system and on the orthogonality relationships leads to linear equations. On the other hand if some of the relevant coordinates are missing, like coordinates on the bearings inside a headstock, then nonlinear optimization is used to minimize the errors between experimental and estimated modal parameters. These identification formulations are applied here to theoretical structures as well as actual machine tools.
As a special exercise a procedure is suggested to be used in predicting the dynamics of a lathe with different workpieces using the modal data measured on a single workpiece. Such a procedure can help estimate the limit of stability against machining chatter beforehand and consequently could be implemented in the postprocessors of Numerically Controlled Turning Centers.
The thesis deals also with further development of the theory of machining chatter. For the first time digital simulation in the time domain of the cutting process including chatter is carried out using mathematical models of machine tools established through Modal Analysis Testing. Cutting tests carried out in this work have shown that the digital simulation approach to machining chatter represents the reality very closely. Thus it could be used in formulating acceptance test procedures of machine tools as well as in designing the cutters to achieve higher metal removal rates.
Ismail, Fathy Mohamed M., "Identification, Modelling and Modification of Mechanical Structures from Modal Analysis Testing" (1982). Open Access Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1511. | <urn:uuid:461fa502-b671-40b6-b7ba-cdf7d0a2a358> | {
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Lindsay, J. Martin and Skalski, Adam G. (2008) Quantum stochastic convolution cocycles II. Communications in Mathematical Physics, 280 (no. 3). pp. 575-610. ISSN 0010-3616
Schurmann's theory of quantum Levy processes, and more generally the theory of quantum stochastic convolution cocycles, is extended to the topological context of compact quantum groups and operator space coalgebras. Quantum stochastic convolution cocycles on a C*-hyperbialgebra, which are Markov-regular, completely positive and contractive, are shown to satisfy coalgebraic quantum stochastic differential equations with completely bounded coefficients, and the structure of their stochastic generators is obtained. Automatic complete boundedness of a class of derivations is established, leading to a characterisation of the stochastic generators of *-homomorphic convolution cocycles on a C*-bialgebra. Two tentative definitions of quantum Levy process on a compact quantum group are given and, with respect to both of these, it is shown that an equivalent process on Fock space may be reconstructed from the generator of the quantum Levy process. In the examples presented, connection to the algebraic theory is emphasised by a focus on full compact quantum groups.
Actions (login required) | <urn:uuid:728afcf7-8eb4-413e-9a50-bb44949cb9aa> | {
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Today' s broad coverage of mobile networks allows for large-scale environmental monitoring systems capable of warning citizens prior to an incident. In this paper, we present an embedded prototype system which collects environmental data and distributes them either using Web service protocols or using the JXTA Peer-to-Peer protocol stack. The complete system was implemented based on both protocol stacks in order to prove their applicability for a middleware solution in the field of sensor networks. The performance of both stacks is analyzed, utilizing an embedded sensor gateway node with a wireless GPRS connection. In case of the Web service approach standard XML-based SOAP messages as well as WAP binary XML (WBXML) based SOAP messages are examined and compared against the JXTA peer-to-peer protocol. Both the processing power of the embedded sensor gateway node and the throughput of the GPRS-based wireless communication channel are the major bottlenecks focused in this performance evaluation. In our scenario WBXML is the favorable approach for small sets of data being transmitted over the wireless link whereas JXTA is the favorable approach for large sets of data.
Date of Conference: 16-16 Sept. 2008 | <urn:uuid:aa8aec6b-c090-4de7-9250-9580fcc5a85d> | {
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Reordering of data is becoming more and more significant in order to achieve a higher performance in memory data access and, particularly, in program runtime. This fact becomes specially important in parallel applications that are executed in shared memory systems. This work presents a new parallelizing, run time strategy for irregular structures associated to N-Body problem simulation algorithms. Such strategy, so-called STPCLS (Step Classification), is based on the inspector-executor paradigm. It has been tested in a shared memory system using a significant set of irregular loops. The outcomes show that the efficiency of our solution is high, and the benefits overcome the overheads imposed by our algorithm.
Date of Conference: 5-8 July 2007 | <urn:uuid:d734ff64-1832-43ca-9e50-95927a57f751> | {
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Exploration of main framework of post-emergency rotor angel control and its realisation in real power system
Xue, F., Chen, Z., Wang, H. F. and Dunn, R., 2007. Exploration of main framework of post-emergency rotor angel control and its realisation in real power system. Unkown Publisher. (2007 42nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference, Vols 1-3)
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The concept of power system Post-Emergency Rotor Angel Control (PERAC) based on the framework of the third-category control and multi-agents system is proposed in this paper. It has been implemented in the control scheme with On-line Pre-decision System (OPS) to retain the power system's angel stability when the system meets the unexpected cascading contingencies during one fixed updating cycle of on-line emergency control system. The strategy of on-line decision table establishment by using the quantitative power system stability analysis method Extended Equal Area Criteria (EEAC) under this situation is further studied. The simulation results of the real power system of Guangdong district in China are presented in this paper to demonstrate and prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the control scheme.
|Creators||Xue, F., Chen, Z., Wang, H. F. and Dunn, R.|
|Departments||Faculty of Engineering & Design > Electronic & Electrical Engineering|
|Additional Information||ID number: ISIP:000255998700192|
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Refractory mineral resources are abundant in China, and can be utilized to fabricate advanced refractory products. It not only can improve the value of refractory minerals, but can boost the energy efficiency and reduce mineral wastes. In this paper, with the aim of reducing the increasingly serious energy shortage burden with the rapid economic development, some of our investigations on study on the high-performance utilization of refractory mineral resources were introduced, such as refractory clay, magnesite, bauxite, dolomite and quartz. Spinel-Sialon, Spinel/CA, and light-weight anorthite/mullite refractory composites were synthesized by various routes from those raw materials. Besides, a view of synthesizing Sialon powders from minerals and ores was also illustrated, based on the chemical composition analysis and structure feature of mineralogy characters. These might serve as new technical approaches for efficient utilization of mineral resources. | <urn:uuid:99300efe-c14d-4cf5-8744-268ed3569345> | {
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In this paper, the large sample properties of the separable nonlinear least squares algorithm are investigated. Unlike the previous results in the literature, the data are assumed to be complex valued, and the whiteness assumption on the measurement noise sequence has been relaxed. Convergence properties of the parameter estimates are established. Asymptotic accuracy analysis has been carried out, in which the assumptions used are relatively weaker than the assumptions in the previous related works. It is shown under quite general conditions that the parameter estimates are asymptotically circular. Conditions for asymptotic complex normality are also established. Next, a bound on the deviation of the asymptotic covariance matrix from the Crame´r-Rao bound (CRB) is derived. Finally, a sufficient condition for the nonlinear least squares estimate to achieve the Crame´r-Rao lower bound is established. The results presented in this paper are general and can be applied to any specific application where separable nonlinear least squares is employed.
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Object reacquisition or reidentification is the process of matching objects between images taken from separate cameras. In this paper, we present our work on feature based object reidentification performed on autonomous embedded smart cameras and applied to traffic scenarios. We present a novel approach based on PCA-SIFT features and a vocabulary tree. By building unique object signatures from visual features, reidentification can be done efficiently coevally minimizing the communication overhead between separate camera nodes. Applied to large-scale traffic scenarios, important parameters including travel time, travel time variability, section density, and partial dynamic origin/destination demands can be obtained. The proposed approach works on spatially separated, un-calibrated, non-overlapping cameras, is highly scalable and solely based on appearance-based optical features. The entire system is implemented and evaluated with regard to a typical embedded smart camera platform featuring one single Texas Instruments trade fixed-point DSP.
Date of Conference: 25-28 Sept. 2007 | <urn:uuid:f89eef82-4065-4e76-b646-9d2c4222d92c> | {
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The problem of distributed detection and estimation in a sensor network over a multiaccess fading channel is considered. A communication scheme known as the type-based random access (TBRA) is employed and its performance is characterized with respect to the mean transmission rate and the channel coherence index. For extreme values of channel coherence index i.e., 0 and infin, we give an optimal TBRA scheme which is essentially a sensor activation strategy that achieves the optimal allocation of transmission energy to spatial and temporal domains. For channels with zero coherence index, it is shown that there exists a finite optimal mean transmission rate maximizing performance. This optimal rate can be calculated numerically or estimated using the Gaussian approximation. On the other hand, for channels with infinite coherence index (i.e., no fading) the optimal strategy is to allocate all the energy to the spatial domain. Numerical examples and simulations confirm our theory.
Date of Conference: 22-24 March 2006 | <urn:uuid:b608ac94-fea5-450c-8f24-c5f6f7476d40> | {
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A direct algorithm to estimate continuous-time ARMA (CARMA) models is proposed in this paper. In this approach, we first pass the observed data through an input-to-state filter and compute the state covariance matrix. The properties of the state covariance matrix are then exploited to estimate the half-spectrum of the observed data at a set of user-defined points on the right-half plane. Finally, the continuous-time parameters are obtained from the half-spectrum estimates by solving an analytic interpolation problem with a positive real constraint. As shown by simulations, the proposed algorithm delivers much more reliable estimates than indirect modeling approaches, which rely on estimating an intermediate discrete-time model. | <urn:uuid:1e9a09f7-2b7e-4361-ad7b-d9bd664365ad> | {
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Silicon carbideSilicon carbide (SiC) or moissanite is a ceramic compound of silicon and carbon.
Most SiC is man-made for use as an abrasive (when it is often known by the trade name carborundum), or more recently as a semiconductor. The simplest manufacturing process is to combine sand and carbon at a high temperature, between 1600°C and 2500°C. Purer product can be made by the more expensive process of continuous vapour deposition. Its high melting point (above 1600°C) makes it useful for bearings and furnace parts. It is also highly inert. There is currently much interest in its use in electronics, where its high thermal conductivity, high electric field breakdown strength and high maximum current density make it more promising than silicon for high-powered devices.
Some SiC was found in a meteorite in Arizona by Dr. Ferdinand Henri Moissan, after whom the material was named moissanite. Naturally occurring moissanite is rare, having an appearance similar to that of diamond and a tetrahedral crystalline structure.
Gem quality Moissanite is manufactured exclusively by Charles and Colvard and is sold as a lower cost alternative to diamonds. In its gem form, Moissanite has an index of refraction between 2.65 and 2.69, somewhat higher than a diamond. | <urn:uuid:b184741e-f2bf-41ac-9766-869e5cde126e> | {
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Mitsuru Shiozaki, Toru Mukai, Masahiro Ono, Mamoru Sasaki, and Atsushi Iwata
Intelligent robot control using multiprocessors, sensors, and actuators requires real-time flexible networks for communicating various types of real-time data, e.g., sensing data and interrupt signals. Furthermore, serial data transfer is required for implementing the network using a few wiring lines. To meet these requirements, we propose a CDMA serial communication interface utilizing novel two-step synchronization. The transmitter and receiver chip fabricated with 0.25¦Ìm digital CMOS technology achieved 2.7Gcps (chips per second) and 7-multiplex communication. The experimental interface board was developed for demonstrating flexible transfer of multiimage data by installing CDMA chips in addition to an FPGA.
Keywords: CDMA, serial communication, real-time, synchronization technique | <urn:uuid:1e203cb5-3bb1-434d-b4c1-8a74674f0780> | {
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Malec, J. (1994). On Implementing Behaviours Using a three-layered Architecture. Technical Report LiTH-IDA-R-94-21, Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, Sweden. Accepted to Intelligent Robotic Systems'94, Grenoble, France, 11-15 July 1994. (bibtex),
Abstract: The problem of designing reactive autonomous systems has been the subject of much attention in recent years. The research has focused on designing systems which would possess the following attributes: 1. reactivity, in order to allow the system to cope with unpredictable changes in the dynamic environment while performing its mission; 2. robustness, meaning the ability to function in a variety of situations, including failure of some of its subsystems; 3. selectivity of attention, in order to effectively use existing resources of the system, such as computing power, or sensory equipment; 4. ability to pursue goals either defined by the designer, or by the system itself. One can distinguish several approaches to this problem. One of them is called ``behaviour-based'', because behaviour is the basic structure used for specifying control for an autonomous system. Another one is based on layered control architecture, where usually each layer has its own, well-defined task(s) to perform, often some software tools supporting implementation of those tasks, and some appropriate mechanism for passing control between the layers (or distributing it among them). Those two approaches are usually opposed to each other: ``Behaviourists'' claim that a rigid architecture requires excessive computational power and enforce too many constraints on the actual design and implementation. The other group claims that behaviour-based approach is unsuitable for applications requiring either sophisticated control algorithms, or symbolic reasoning (as e.g. planning) procedures, or both. Both criticisms are to some extent justified. In this paper we present an approach to implementing behaviour-based control using a three-layered architecture. In this way we intend to combine the advantages of both approaches.
CS Dept TR Overview | <urn:uuid:8484fcfc-c609-498f-8da4-36f26f5184fa> | {
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When an electron is an incident particle and it is diffracted in the Coulomb potential of atoms and molecules, the elastic scattering process is called Rutherford scattering. In many electron diffraction techniques like reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), transmission electron diffraction (TED), and gas electron diffraction (GED), where the incident electrons have sufficiently high energy (>10 keV), the elastic electron scattering becomes the main component of the scattering process and the scattering intensity is expressed as a function of the momentum transfer defined as the difference between the momentum vector of the incident electron and that of the scattered electron.
When a photon penetrates into a medium composed of particles whose sizes are much smaller than the wavelength of the incident photon, the scattering process, also known as Rayleigh scattering, is also elastic. In this scattering process, the energy (and therefore the wavelength) of the incident photon is conserved and only its direction is changed. In this case, the scattering intensity is proportional to the fourth power of the reciprocal wavelength of the incident photon. Other types of scattering may occur such as Raman scattering where the scattered photon either gives energy to or takes energy from the medium.
An introduction to the passage of energetic particles through matter. (CD-ROM included).(Brief Article)(Book Review)
Mar 01, 2007; 9780750309356 An introduction to the passage of energetic particles through matter. (CD-ROM included) Carron, N.J. Taylor &... | <urn:uuid:a9713cf9-a07a-4410-b412-35061f41943b> | {
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This paper considers the joint estimation of the bearing and strength parameters of a noise source, by a uniformly spaced array of sensors in the presence of self‐noise, assumed to be independent between any pair of sensors. Contrary to the analogue systems of processing (i.e., correlation and beamforming), the present scheme, which is based on the maximum‐likelihood (ML) principle, operates on a set of time samples representing the bandlimited output of the array’s elements. The system, as a result, does not require the assumption of long observation time normally used in other schemes and is easily implemented on a digital computer. The resulting ML estimator is not in theory a sufficient one. Nevertheless, when the estimator’s variance is compared with the Cramer–Rao lower bound, the estimator virtually attains its asymptotic sufficiency as the number of array elements exceeds a ’’threshold’’ which is a decreasing function of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and the length of the observation time. Except when the SNR is very poor and the observation time is quite short, the ’’threshold’’ is found to be surprisingly small. It is also demonstrated, at least when the error in the bearing estimate is small, that the ML estimator is unbiased. | <urn:uuid:8341a968-6032-4686-9dd4-af26f024747f> | {
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In this paper, an adaptive backstepping control (ABC) method for a plane-type 3-DOF (X,Y,θz) precision positioning table is proposed. First, according to the dynamics of a mechanical mass-spring system, we establish mathematical equations that contain linear viscous frictions and varied elasticities with cross-coupling effects due to mechanical bending. In system identification, the real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA) method is employed to find the optimized parameters, and the dynamic responses of numerical simulations and experimental results are compared. On the basis of the state-space model, the ABC is proposed to track trajectories and impose on the dynamic performance, robustness of parameter variations, and trajectory-tracking errors. The comparisons between numerical simulations and experimental results illustrate the validity of the proposed ABC method for practical applications in contour tracking and also show the performances in reducing the cross-coupling effects.
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Summary form only given.Topics covered with CMOS quick scaling down, more and more components are integrated into a SOC chip. The economic incentive is strong in pursuing single-chip, CMOS integration of wireless communication transceivers. Spearheaded by the proliferation of digital processing techniques, the mainstream CMOS technology has recently evolved into the nanometer regime. Albeit the majority of digital circuits benefits from small device dimensions and low supply voltages, the design of high dynamic-range A/D interface circuits for wireless applications has become increasingly difficult in scaled technologies. In this tutorial, fundamentals of A/D converters for wireless communication are reviewed, followed by a presentation on challenges and techniques of the design of these converters in nanometer CMOS.
ASIC, 2007. ASICON '07. 7th International Conference on
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Liepmann, Hans W Fila, Gertrude H
The laminar boundary layer and the position of the transition point were investigated on a heated flat plate. It was found that the Reynolds number of transition decreased as the temperature of the plate is increased. It is shown from simple qualitative analytical considerations that the effect of variable viscosity in the boundary layer due to the temperature difference produces a velocity profile with an inflection point if the wall temperature is higher than the free-stream temperature. This profile is confirmed by measurements. The instability of inflection-point profiles is discussed. Studies of the flow in the wake of large, two-dimensional roughness elements are presented. It is shown that a boundary-layer can separate and reattach itself to the wall without having transition take place.
An Adobe Acrobat (PDF) file of the entire report: | <urn:uuid:acee2d10-f3dc-4f18-9c24-7ed43d29628a> | {
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Organic materials (multi-carbon compounds) are amenable to almost Lego©-like tinkering with their structure and composition, and can exhibit a wide range of properties that might make possible electronic devices far more capable than today’s state of the art. A few to tens of nanometers across, polymers and other organic molecules are easy to make as stand-alone units, but the next step--fabricating organic molecules into devices and circuits—is extremely challenging. A major goal of this project is to develop device-fabrication and circuit-assembly techniques optimized for organic materials, yet compatible with silicon-based electronics manufacturing. We are investigating three fabrication strategies and measuring how variations in the properties of the materials associated with each strategy affects device performance.
After five decades, the unabated miniaturization of silicon-based integrated circuits is approaching fundamental physical limits. One promising technology that offers a way forward is hybrid electronics, which combines organic chemistry approaches with established device fabrication and patterning techniques. This strategy entails integrating molecular switches, typically made from polymers as well as other organic molecules or chemically engineered inorganic clusters, with technologies made from inorganic materials, including silicon-based devices optimized for certain tasks.
Eventually, it may even be possible—and practical—to turn nanoscale switches on or off by using changes in the shape or spatial location of heavy particles (ions, atoms or molecules) or other non-electronic features rather than the movement of electrons. In addition, the huge variety of organic compounds offers the possibility that the nanodevices made with these materials will diversify into applications well beyond computing, from environmental monitoring to smart packaging.
A key step toward realizing this hybrid technology is to develop affordable and reliable processing methods that, in effect, combine the new with the old. Now, for example, chemical synthesis of organic thin films and nanoscale objects such as quantum dots is incompatible with photolithography or other standard patterning techniques used to make today’s computer chips. Conversely, those patterning processes can significantly alter the electronic properties of devices incorporating organic materials.
With this suite of techniques, we are examining fabrication-related issues that influence the electrical properties and behaviors of the resulting molecular devices. Results indicate that the atomic precision in the placement of all relevant device constituents is hard to achieve. At the junction between organic molecule and metal electrode, defects are common, the type and number varying with the particular combinations of metal and organic compound involved. Electronic and structural material transformations at the interfaces often have a greater impact on the movement of electrons than do the electronic properties of molecules that form the device.
However, imperfections in the positions of individual molecules or defects created during fabrication may not matter if a large number of functional sites also are present in the devices. For example, in a switch controlled by the movement of ions, we have observed that the total number of ions in the nanoscale device was large enough to give reproducible switching performance, despite variability in position or motion among individual ions. Moreover, the process of systematically modifying ions attached to polymers that make up a molecular switch is rather straightforward and, often, reversible. This process enables us to examine how switching behavior is modified by chemical variations within a given device.
For devices built from the combinations of dissimilar materials that we have studied thus far, switching behavior depends on the movement of heavy particles over distances ranging from elementary cells of the crystal structure to entire devices. The relative slowness of heavier particles makes their usage completely impractical in larger, previous-generation devices. However, the very same property would enable the building of switches at the smallest of scales, where electrons cannot be reliably confined and retained inside a device. The ability to reliably create nanoscale switching devices in this way could lead to new hybrid logic circuits with novel architectures, perhaps even mimicking the connectivity of the human brain.
Additional Technical Details:
Lead Organizational Unit:cnst
University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Nikolai Zhitenev, Phone 301-975-6039 | <urn:uuid:9e057ffa-4f05-4ce3-9c4a-8293de73509d> | {
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Precision of wear measurement using the shadowgraph technique
Cunningham, J. L., Bisbinas, I., Greenwood, R. and Learmonth, I. D., 2007. Precision of wear measurement using the shadowgraph technique. Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 221, pp. 899-902.
Related documents:This repository does not currently have the full-text of this item.
You may be able to access a copy if URLs are provided below.
The shadowgraph technique is a relatively easy-to-use and inexpensive method of wear measurement from explanted acetabular cups. In this technique, from a mould of the internal surface of the cup, measurements of linear wear and wear angle can be obtained, from which volumetric wear can be calculated. In this study the measurement precision of this technique was assessed and the influence of different observers and multiple moulds was also determined. It was found that linear wear coefficient of variation (CV)=1.49 per cent) can be more precisely determined than wear angle (CV=8.18 per cent) and that both the observer and the mould can significantly influence the results obtained, although the influence of the mould is considerably less than that of the observer.
|Creators||Cunningham, J. L., Bisbinas, I., Greenwood, R. and Learmonth, I. D.|
|Departments||Faculty of Engineering & Design > Mechanical Engineering|
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Date of Original Version
Abstract or Table of Contents
In this paper, we present the dynamic Hungarian algorithm, applicable to optimally solving the assignment problem in situations with changing edge costs or weights. This problem is relevant, for example, in a transportation domain where the unexpected closing of a road translates to changed transportation costs. When such cost changes occur after an initial assignment has been made, the new problem, like the original problem, may be solved from scratch using the well-known Hungarian algorithm. However, the dynamic version of the algorithm which we present solves the new problem more efficiently by repairing the initial solution obtained before the cost changes. We present proofs of the correctness and efficiency of our algorithm and present simulation results illustrating its efficiency. | <urn:uuid:cf2158b5-cc07-447e-9f96-d8f5a855b194> | {
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Search Swinburne Research Bank
Home List of Titles Influence of process parameters on the nitriding of steels by plasma immersion ion implantation
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/231746
- Influence of process parameters on the nitriding of steels by plasma immersion ion implantation
- Blawert, C.; Mordike, B. L.; Collins, G. A.; Short, K. T.; Tendys, J.
- Nitriding of steels by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PI3) allows access to a large process parameter space. Although the parameters associated with the high-energy ion bombardment (implantation energy, high-voltage pulse length and frequency, ion current density and time-averaged dose rate) are important, the treatment temperature and plasma parameters such as ion density, excited neutral density and plasma potential also play a vital role. Previous investigations have been hampered by the use of the high-energy ion bombardment to heat the workpiece. In this paper, we present the results of a study in which the treatment temperature and the ion bombardment were decoupled by radiatively heating. The effect of varying high-voltage pulse length, repetition rate, total implanted dose, plasma density and potential on the nitrogen uptake during PI3 treatment depends strongly on whether nitrides are formed in the surface (e.g. Ck45 mild steel) or nitrogen is incorporated in solid solution (e.g. X6CrNiTi 1810 austenitic stainless steel). In the first case, nitride formation can be suppressed by increasing the high-voltage pulse frequency or can be enhanced by treating at a high pressure or plasma potential. In the second case, the thickness of the modified layer can be increased by increasing the ion current density or time-averaged dose rate. In both cases, nitrogen uptake by direct thermochemical absorption from the plasma is significant.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 103-104 (May 1998), pp. 240-247
- Publication year
- FOR Code(s)
- 0204 Condensed Matter Physics; 0306 Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural); 0912 Materials Engineering
- Absorption; Austenitic stainless steels; Ion bombardment; Ion density; Ion implantation; Nitriding; Nitrogen; Plasma immersion ion implantation; Plasma nitriding; Plasma sources; Process optimisation; Stainless steel; Thermochemical absorption
- Publisher URL
- Copyright © 1998 Elsevier Science S.A.
- Peer reviewed | <urn:uuid:3edd7ee3-b552-4eda-bafb-5856774e63cd> | {
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Useful Cycles in Probabilistic Roadmap Graphs
Dennis Nieuwenhuisen, Mark H. Overmars
Over the last decade, the probabilistic road map
method (PRM) has become one of the dominant motion planning
techniques. Due to its random nature, the resulting paths tend to
be much longer than the optimal path despite the development of
numerous smoothing techniques. Also, the path length varies a lot
every time the algorithm is executed. In this paper we present
a new technique that results in higher quality (shorter) paths
with much less variation between the executions. The technique
is based on adding useful cycles to the roadmap graph.
Download this deliverable. | <urn:uuid:c92a32b9-9207-4f2c-abcc-4ea9a9d169a1> | {
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Thermal Management of High Power Devices
J. Laskar, S. Nuttinck, and S. Pinel
Email: firstname.lastname@example.org – Tel: 404 385 6009
Keywords: power devices, thermal effects, micro-channels
We report in this paper the thermal effects onto the performances of high power microwave transistors. Also, thermal simulation results along with means to optimize the heat dissipation on a wafer level are discussed. Finally we present a novel active thermal management technique using micro-fluidic channels. The simple fabrication process is presented. | <urn:uuid:93df37ab-fc89-445f-b377-873a5a7a5f87> | {
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Block-based Against Segmentation-based Texture Image Retrieval
Mohammad Faizal Ahmad Fauzi (Multimedia University, Malaysia)
Paul H. Lewis (University of Southampton, United Kingdom)
Abstract: This paper concerns the best approach to the capture of local texture features for use in content-based image retrieval (CBIR) applications. From our previous work, two approaches have been suggested, the multiscale block-based approach and the automatic texture segmentation approach. Performance comparison as well as advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are presented in this paper. The databases used are the Brodatz and VisTex databases, as well as three museum image collections of various sizes and contents, with each collection presenting different challenges to the CBIR systems. Experimental observations suggest that the two approaches both perform well, with the multiscale technique having the edge in retrieval performance and scale invariance, while the segmentation technique has the edge in lighter computational complexity as well as having the shape information for later purposes. The choice between the two approaches thus depends on application.
Keywords: content-based image retrieval, discrete wavelet frames, multiscale technique, texture, texture segmentation
Categories: H.3.1, H.3.3 | <urn:uuid:ed8f1f80-8479-445f-906d-f6390cc069c3> | {
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No. 142 Plant
A Guide to the Kawasaki Production System
The Kawasaki Production System, KPS, is an evaluation of manufacturing engineering and production control methodology based on the Just-in-Time (JIT) concept.
The system and package of techniques were developed and proven by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. at its various manufacturing sites.
KPS is applicable to a variety of manufacturing strategies, from mass-production to make-to-order.
—Explicatory— K.T.R. No.142 | <urn:uuid:a67f095e-84ba-4e1a-94e1-996460465847> | {
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Firms in the past have mainly focused on improving the material flow in a supply chain using various innovative methods like cross docking, Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI), Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) etc. Firms have also used IT solutions to automate the material flow. Today, they have also begun to focus on improving the financial flow in the supply chain. Many firms have adopted best practices of cash flow management to improve the financial flow. One of the key elements which helps in efficient financial flow in a supply chain is the use of IT solutions in the purchase-to-pay and order-to-cash processes. By automating these processes firms can minimize inefficiencies and improve the effectiveness of the supply chain.Many firms have automated the same or all of the elements of the financial flow in a supply chain through implementing ERP systems and cash flow management solutions. However, most firms have not focused much on integrating the material and the financial flow in a supply chain. By integrating material and financial flows, firms can remove the inefficiencies in the supply chain. Integration of these two flows can be done in three different ways.
- Linking of functional systems with financial systems. For example, by linking the procurement system with the accounts payable system or the ERP system, the physical order information can be matched with the financial information, thus reducing the errors arising due to improper information flow between the two systems. This linking can also be extended to the supply chain partners thus enabling the physical order information flow to closely match with the payment information flow. This enables increased collaboration between supply chain partners.
- Linking supply chain partner’s or customer’s preferences and behavior with the financial elements. Firms can track and analyze the behavior of supply chain partners and customers. Based upon the needs and requirements, firms can provide financial options to the customers and supply chain partners. Suppose, a firm orders a large consignment from a supplier. Then, the firm can provide the option of paying the amount through traditional means like checks or through electronic means. The supplier can decide upon the payment option. If the supplier wants a faster payment, he may opt for the electronic payment means.
- Linking financial and physical flows based on business intelligence. Firms can set the pricing of the product and payment options based on the customer’s requirements and the existing market conditions. This may help the firm in maximizing its revenue. This policy is well utilized by airline companies where flight ticket prices are changed depending on supply and demand conditions.
In order to align financial and physical supply chains, firms need to re-engineer the physical flow processes so as to integrate them with the financial processes. Automation of financial processes is an area in which firms have to focus. Integrating the financial flow with the material flow provides many benefits to the members of the supply chain. Members can obtain the products as per their requirement and pay the supplier using a suitable payment mode. With such integration, members share a common and full view of all their transactions, increasing efficiency in the supply chain. Specific benefits for the members of the supply chain are:
- Suppliers can make accurate forecasts about working capital requirements and also product demand. Thus inventory levels and working capital can be reduced as they have a better view about the situation. They can resolve disputes easily as both the supplier and the customer share the same information about the transaction Payment processing can become faster. The processing costs due to personnel and paperwork are reduced. Errors are minimized, thus helping the supplier to obtain correct payment.
- Buyers can benefit from perfect order delivery. This helps the buyer to forecast and plan effectively. Thus the buyer can reduce working capital requirements to deal with the payables. With the automation of the processes, buyers can reduce the time and costs in processing the invoices like routing for approval, matching the invoices and payments.
- Trade terms can be negotiated more effectively between the buyer and the supplier because of the availability of precise information about a transaction. Buyers and suppliers have an accurate view about the risk involved. Hence, the buyer and the seller can negotiate financing options like insurance, supplier credit etc., more optimally.
Credit: Strategic Financial Management-MGU | <urn:uuid:0e6758e5-ba15-48d6-b1c5-4009e17dd4d1> | {
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OLED Materials Characterized with TG, DSC and MS
8 Nov 2011
In this application note thermogravimetry (TG) is used to investigate the evaporation and decomposition behavior of materials used in OLEDs. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to measure caloric effects, such as glass transition or melting, as well as the specific heat capacity. Detection of the evolved gases was performed using mass spectroscopy (MS) or Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) which allowed the chemical analysis of the sample. | <urn:uuid:11500a27-0e39-4c1d-b7ad-b76d74732a89> | {
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|Description:||engaged in the field of motor control, energy saving.|
Experienced in vector control frequency inverters (variable speed drives). . .
Experienced in energy saving, process control in different industries, including metallurgy, crane, oil, chemicals, machine tools, metal processing, stone, wood processing, air compressor, washing machine, water supply, air conditioning, municipal engineering, textile, printing, mining, etc. | <urn:uuid:f37692bc-5543-47a5-95ea-a531055c8b6b> | {
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"url": "http://www.startupnation.com/community/ecodrivecn"
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Philip K. Chan and Salvatore J. Stolfo
Much of the research in inductive learning concentrates on problems with relatively small amounts of data. With the coming age of very large network computing, it is likely that orders of magnitude more data in databases will be available for various learning problems of real world irnponance. Learning techniques are central to knowledge discovery and the approach proposed in this paper may substantially increase the amount of data a knowledge discovery system can handle effectively. Metalearning is proposed as a general technique to integrating a number of distinct learning processes. This paper details several meta-leaming strategies for integrating independently learned classifiers by the same leamer in a parallel and distributed computing environment. Our strategies are particularly suited for massive amounts of data that main-memorybased learning algorithms cannot efficiently handle. The strategies are also independent of the particular learning algorithm used and the underlying parallel and distributed platform. Preliminary experiments using different data sets and algorithms demonstrate encouraging results: parallel learning by meta-learning can achieve comparable prediction accuracy in less space and time than purely serial learning. | <urn:uuid:cb99536f-638f-4b5b-853f-7ee8c137f20a> | {
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Tagged with "patent"
A passive magnetic bearing which has an exceptionally low friction couple. Radial and axial restraint ...READ MORE
2006 WIPO Patent Application for Steorn’s Low Energy Magnetic Actuator. The LEMA – Low Energy ...READ MORE
This 1971 document obtained under FOI shows clear evidence of supression. Devices that were particularly ...READ MORE
magnetic andrea rossi cold fusion sergio focardi e-cat e-catalyzer energy-catalyzer lenr nickel energy catalyser nuclear experiment bologne energy patent magnets viscosity giuseppe levi alloys sean mccarthy irish ireland steorn orbo bianchini levi pons low energy overunity device fleischman specific italy university of blogna physics... lenr-canr.org nuclear fusion coldfusion test university of bologne rossi focardi report ni-h reactor bologna university catalyst specifics journal of nuclear physics heat | <urn:uuid:ff12cb7f-bf1a-4f1d-9706-5abd6d8508bc> | {
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"url": "http://freeenergydocs.com/tag/patent/"
} |
Process modeling of orthogonal cutting with hone radiused tools
Özlü, Emre and Budak, Erhan (2009) Process modeling of orthogonal cutting with hone radiused tools. In: 12th CIRP Conference on Modeling and Machining Operations, San Sebastion, Spain
In this study an analytical approach in order to model the orthogonal cutting process with hone radiused tools is proposed. The model includes the thermomechanical behav-ior due to the high strain rate behavior and the complicated contact situation between the tool and the workpiece. Although the model is under development for further out-puts, the comparison with the experimental results is promising.
Repository Staff Only: item control page | <urn:uuid:6ae668b8-407d-4159-a578-408803386602> | {
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} |
M. H. L. van den Briel, T. Vossen, and S. Kambhampati
We represent planning as a set of loosely coupled network flow problems, where each network corresponds to one of the state variables in the planning domain. The network nodes correspond to the state variable values and the network arcs correspond to the value transitions. The planning problem is to find a path (a sequence of actions) in each network such that, when merged, they constitute a feasible plan. In this paper we present a number of integer programming formulations that model these loosely coupled networks with varying degrees of flexibility. Since merging may introduce exponentially many ordering constraints we implement a so-called branch-and-cut algorithm, in which these constraints are dynamically generated and added to the formulation when needed. Our results are very promising, they improve upon previous planning as integer programming approaches and lay the foundation for integer programming approaches for cost optimal planning. | <urn:uuid:ea82e246-1a96-4dd0-9cc0-dca95990b643> | {
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Investigating optimal capacity scalability scheduling in a reconfigurable manufacturing system
Source: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Volume 32, Numbers 5-6, March 2007 , pp. 557-562(6)
Abstract:Responsiveness to dynamic market changes in a cost-effective manner is becoming a key success factor for any manufacturing system in today's global economy. Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs) have been introduced to react quickly and effectively to such competitive market demands through modular and scalable design of the manufacturing system on the system level, as well as on the machine components' level. This paper investigates how RMSs can manage their capacity scalability on the system level in a cost-effective manner. An approach for modeling capacity scalability is proposed, which, unlike earlier approaches, does not assume that the capacity scalability is simply a function of fixed increments of capacity units. Based on the model, a computer tool that utilizes a genetic algorithm optimization technique is developed. The tool aids the systems' designers in deciding when to reconfigure the system in order to scale the capacity and by how much to scale it in order to meet the market demand in a cost-effective way. The results showed that, in terms of cost, the optimal capacity scalability schedules in an RMS are superior to both the exact demand capacity scalability approach and the approach of supplying all required capacity at the beginning of the planning period, which is adopted by flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). The results also suggest that the cost-effective implementation of an RMS can be realized through decreasing the cost of reconfiguration of these new systems.
Document Type: Research article
Publication date: 2007-03-01 | <urn:uuid:5528027b-58be-4bb1-88df-50dda1198e00> | {
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SA Journal of Industrial Psychology
On-line version ISSN 0030-2465
TREMBLAY, Maxime A. and MESSERVEY, Deanna. The Job Demands-Resources model: further evidence for the buffering effect of personal resources. SA j. ind. Psychol. [online]. 2011, vol.37, n.2, pp. 10-19. ISSN 0030-2465.
ORIENTATION: In work and organisational psychology, the adverse effects of job demands have often been demonstrated empirically for various indicators of job strain. RESEARCH PURPOSE: Using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical framework, the present study examined the role of compassion satisfaction, conceptualised as a personal resource, in buffering the relationship between job demands and job strain. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Accordingly, four demanding aspects of the job (i.e. role overload, insufficiency, ambiguity and conflict) and one personal resource (i.e. compassion satisfaction) were used to test the central hypothesis that the interaction between (high) job demands and (low) personal resources produces the highest levels of anxiety and depression as indicators of job strain. RESEARCH DESIGN, APPROACH AND METHOD: Hypotheses were tested amongst 122 military chaplains. MAIN FINDINGS: Results showed that compassion satisfaction partially moderated the relationship between job demands and job strain. More specifically, when compassion satisfaction was high, the effect of role overload on job strain was significantly reduced. However, the relationships between the other three role stressors and job strain were not offset by compassion satisfaction. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The theoretical and practical implications of these findings for the JD-R model are discussed. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: Despite the limitations of this study, the present findings still have important implications for future research and practice. Our findings highlight the fact that the empowerment of employees' personal resources, as outlined in the JD-R model, may not only be of value for employees to thrive, but may also be particularly beneficial in terms of compassion satisfaction being viewed as a protective factor to adverse working conditions. | <urn:uuid:b814ff1a-11ea-4af7-b129-334db03d0fbe> | {
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|WHAT IS A THERMAL TROUGH (RIDGE)?
METEOROLOGIST JEFF HABY
A thermal trough is a region of synoptic scale cooler temperatures while a thermal ridge is a region of synoptic
scale warmer temperatures. The word thermal is a descriptor of temperature, trough a descriptor of "lower values",
and ridge a descriptor of "higher values". Thermal troughs and ridges are closely related to the
trough and ridge
height contour patterns. Thermal troughs tend to be located underneath height contour troughs (behind cold front)
and thermal ridges tend to be located underneath height contour ridges. Thermal ridges are common in the warm sector
of a mid-latitude cyclone. This region often experiences
WAA. A synoptic region of strong CAA will
create a thermal trough
while WAA a thermal ridge. The
jet stream and mid-latitude cyclones propagate the thermal field.
forecasting: (1) regions under thermal troughs tend to be cooler than normal, ridges warmer than normal, (2)
thermal ridges often are indicators of higher
instability regions especially if WAA and
moisture advection are associated with the thermal ridge. | <urn:uuid:d96e01dd-7b2a-4121-bec9-48168ec35d13> | {
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Slow (low-rate) reactive deposition of a metal onto a Si substrate can result in direct formation of a metal disilicide, thereby skipping the metal-rich phases in the formation sequence. These observations have been explained thermodynamically by using the effective heat of formation model. As a result of this concentration-controlled phase selection, it is possible to form disilicides, such as CoSi2, NiSi2, or β-FeSi2 at much lower growth temperatures than possible in conventional solid-phase reaction of a metal layer deposited onto Si at room temperature (i.e., lower than the nucleation temperature). Moreover, epitaxial growth of CoSi2/Si(100), which is not possible by solid-phase reaction, becomes achievable when depositing Co atoms sufficiently slowly onto a heated Si substrate. © 1999 American Institute of Physics. | <urn:uuid:b0afee82-ffb6-40ff-85ad-4ae40510d0f2> | {
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} |
Skip to Main Content
As for a new type of joint of steel structures, cast steel joints are used for large and complicated steel structures. Combined with the analysis of Y-type cast steel joints for the New Railway Station of Guangzhou, the performance of this type cast steel is discussed. With the help of ANSYS software, the distribution of the stress, the process of plasticity spreading and the failure mechanism of Y-type cast steel joints are analyzed. In order to further investigate the stress concentration, a parametric study of Y-type cast steel joint was conducted considering the influence of factors, such as corner fillet radius of different branch members, branch member thickness, and stiffener thickness. The results show that the Y-type cast steel joint of Guangzhou New Railway Station is safe. And the corner fillet and stiffer can reduce the stress concentration of joints. But the thickness of branch members has small relation with stress concentration.
Date of Conference: 8-11 Aug. 2009 | <urn:uuid:c27509c5-928e-4a4c-a4a9-a6731274f05f> | {
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} |
BEACON eSpace at Jet Propulsion Laboratory >
JPL Technical Report Server >
JPL TRS 1992+ >
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title: ||Continuum modeling of the dynamics of externally injection-locked coupled oscillator arrays|
|Authors: ||Pogorzelski, Ronald J.|
Maccarini, Paolo F.
York, Robert A.
|Keywords: ||beam steering|
|Issue Date: ||Apr-1999 |
|Citation: ||IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 47, No. 4, April 1999, p. 471-478.|
|Abstract: ||Mutually injection-locked arrays of electronic oscillators provide a novel means of controlling the aperture phase of a phased-array antenna, thus achieving the advantages of spatial power combining while retaining the ability to steer the
radiated beam. In a number of design concepts, one or more of the oscillators are injection locked to a signal from an external master
oscillator. The behavior of such a system has been analyzed by numerical solution of a system of nonlinear differential equations which, due to its complexity, yields limited insight into the relationship between the injection signals and the aperture phase. In this paper, we develop a continuum model, which results in a single partial differential equation for the aperture phase as a function of time. Solution of the equation is effected by means of the Laplace transformation and yields detailed information concerning the dynamics of the array under the influence of the external injection signals.|
|Appears in Collections:||JPL TRS 1992+|
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. | <urn:uuid:a9fbfa83-2169-4bcb-ba52-a6bdcc4400f7> | {
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"url": "http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/handle/2014/40979"
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LAYER CONTROLLED GROWTH OF OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS
UNSPECIFIED (1994) LAYER CONTROLLED GROWTH OF OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS. In: 3rd International Symposium on Atomic Layer Epitaxy and Related Surface Processes (ALE-3), MAY 25-27, 1994, SENDAI, JAPAN.Full text not available from this repository.
Atomic layer growth control of SrCuO2-based artificial lattices is demonstrated on a SrTiO3(001) surface. Precise control of atomic layer growth has been successfully carried out by in situ monitoring of the RHEED intensities. It was found that the interface layer between the substrate surface and the material to be grown must be carefully constructed and that the introduction of two layers of Sr-O was necessary for the epitaxial growth of tetragonal SrCuO2.
|Item Type:||Conference Item (UNSPECIFIED)|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QD Chemistry
T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Q Science > QC Physics
|Journal or Publication Title:||Surface Science|
|Publisher:||ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV|
|Number of Pages:||7|
|Page Range:||pp. 487-493|
|Title of Event:||3rd International Symposium on Atomic Layer Epitaxy and Related Surface Processes (ALE-3)|
|Location of Event:||SENDAI, JAPAN|
|Date(s) of Event:||MAY 25-27, 1994|
Actions (login required) | <urn:uuid:b32bdc2f-066b-4ef1-bcab-3cd19e328237> | {
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Award for Academic Papers on Physics
The selection committee has chosen the following five papers for the award in 2012 out of 17 nominations made by the editors of the two journals and representatives of the 19 divisions of the society.
|Title||Causal Relationship between Zonal Flow and Turbulence in a Toroidal Plasma|
|Journal||J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Vol.76, 033501, (2007)|
|Authors||Akihide Fujisawa, Akihiro Shimizu, Haruhisa Nakano, Shinsuke Ohshima, Kimitaka Itoh, Yoshihiko Nagashima, Sanae-I. Itoh, Harukazu Iguchi, Yasuo Yoshimura, Takashi Minami, Keiichi Nagaoka, Chihiro Takahashi, Mamoru Kojima, Shin Nishimura, Mitsutaka Isobe, Chihiro Suzuki, Tsuyoshi Akiyama, Takeshi Ido, Keisuke Matsuoka, Shoichi Okamura, Patrick H. Diamond:|
In this paper, the authors reported their experimental identification of the role of microscopic turbulence in generating a meso-scale electric field and flow (zonal flow) in nonequilibrium toroidal plasmas. Theories have predicted that microscopic turbulence in confined plasmas induce the transport and zonal flows, which are constant on a magnetic surface (but change signs in radius). In this paper, the first experimental identification of the process was reported, stating that zonal flows are driven by microscopic turbulence and suppress the turbulent transport. This paper has given a firm experimental foundation for the understanding of the process by which a large-scale structure in the vector field is generated by an inhomogeneous global scalar field. This article has given a scientific basis for the realization of controlled fusion and for the understanding of turbulent structures (including dynamos) in nature. This is a distinguished paper that has opened a new arena in experimental plasma physics.
|Title||Ferroelectricity Induced by Proper-Screw Type Magnetic Order|
|Journal||J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Vol. 76, 073702 (2007)|
|Marks||Generally it is believed that electricity and magnetism are independent to each other. However, in multiferroic materials, they are closely related to each other and sometimes ferroelectricity is induced accompanied with a magnetic order. There will be several mechanisms for the origin of multiferroics, and a theory by Katsura et al has been considered to explain ferroelectricity due to cycloid-type magnetic ordering. However, it turns out that there are many other materials which are not explained by this theory. For example, the magnetic-field-induced ferroelectricity in CuFeO2, which is realized in a proper-screw type ordering, cannot be explained. The present paper succeeded to solve this problem clearly. In this paper, the author took account of the p-d mixing mechanism with spin-orbit interaction and showed that ferroelectricity appears even in the proper-screw type ordering in crystals with low symmetry. Using this result, the author succeeded to explain CuFeO2. Furthermore, the mechanism proposed in this paper is quite general and it can be applied to many other materials. This paper contributes greatly to the succeeding material researches and to the understanding of the phenomena coupled with electricity and magnetism.|
|Title||A Periodic Structure in a Mixture of D2O/3-Methylpyridine/NaBPh4induced by Solvation Effect|
|Journal||J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Vol. 76, 113602 (2007)|
|Authors||Koichiro Sadakane, Hideki Seto, Hitoshi Endo, Mitsuhiro Shibayama|
The authors found that when salt is added to a phase separating solution (water/3-methylpyridine), the transparent solution starts to have a color which changes from blue to green, yellow and red as the temperature is raised. They hypothesized that this is due to the formation of a large periodical structure in the solution. In this paper, they proved the existence of such a structure by small angle neutron scattering. Onuki et al theoretically predicted that when ions are added to a phase separating solution, the scattering intensity will have a peak, but there was no experimental proof. The authors hypothesized that the coloring phenomena they found is due to this effect and they confirmed their conjecture by neutron scattering. Their finding that ions create a periodical structure of wavelength 10-100 nm in solution was a surprise, and gave an impact in soft matter and statistical physics. This paper is the first of their series of works.
|Title||Rattling-Induced Superconductivity in the β -Pyrochlore Oxides AOs2O6|
|Journal||J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., Vol. 78, 064702 (2009)|
|Authors||Yohei Nagao, Jun-ichi Yamaura, Hiroki Ogusu, Yoshihiko Okamoto, Zenji Hiroi|
The authors' group discovered the β-pyrochlore oxide superconductors AOs2O6 (A= Cs, Rb and K). In this paper, the authors provided systematic studies of the physical properties in the superconducting and normal states by using high quality single crystals they had grown themselves. In the series of papers that appeared before the publication of the present one (which were mainly published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn) the authors' group had reported that these materials have cage structure and the anharmonic oscillation of alkai ions, which is called rattling motion, strongly influence many physical properties. These intriguing materials are, in particular, quite unique in that they undergo the superconducting transition. In this paper, using detailed analysis of the specific heat in high quality single crystals, the authors showed a strong coupling superconductivity in these systems, in which pairing interaction is very strong. In addition they suggested the possibility that this strong interaction may arise from the rattling motion. This suggestion made by the authors is very important for the researchers in this field. The discovery of new materials and measurements by using high quality single crystals is requisite for the progress of material science; therefore, the authors' achievement in this paper has made a high impact in the condensed matter community.
|Title||Theoretical Foundation of the Nuclear Force in QCD and its applications to Central and Tensor Forces in Quenched Lattice QCD Simulations|
|Journal||Prog. Theor. Phys. 123 (2010), 89-128|
|Authors||Sinya Aoki, Tetsuo Hatsuda, Noriyoshi Ishii|
The authors (HAL collaboration) developed a novel method to extract a nuclear force from lattice QCD (quantum chromodynamics) calculations; they successfully converted the inner part of nucleon-nucleon Bethe-Salpeter amplitude to a non-local nuclear potential, which is further reduced to a sum of local potentials by derivative expansion. The present paper gives a detailed foundation of the novel method for extracting local potentials for composite particles from lattice QCD. They clarify the advantages of the method; in particular, they show that any singular behavior in the quark-mass dependence of the potential will not appear, which is in contrast to the conventional method utilizing scattering length.In short, this paper is a seminal paper which developed a novel and effective method to extract nuclear forces from quantum chromodynamics as a field theory, and thus deserves the JPS Award for Academic Papers on Physics. | <urn:uuid:4ba02e5c-8ef5-48f9-833e-c8779ff0a170> | {
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MuProD Project is funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Programme in the NMP Priority.
The specific call in which this project is being developed is:
TOWARDS ZERO-DEFECT MANUFACTURING
This call expects the following impact:
"The development of innovative solutions for zero defect manufacturing is of strategic relevance for Europe, especially in the domains of parts manufacturing with conventional technologies such as machining, cutting, forming, coating and others.
The reduction of losses by extensive quality control and the increase of efficiency in manufacturing are expected in many industries, in particular in the traditional sectors." | <urn:uuid:0ed0d8ee-11aa-438a-8d1f-8e3969a2ac9d> | {
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Foutch, Douglas Allen (1976) A study of the vibrational characteristics of two multistory buildings. California Institute of Technology . (Unpublished) http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL:1976.EERL-76-03
PDF (Adobe PDF (15 MB))
See Usage Policy.
Use this Persistent URL to link to this item: http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEERL:1976.EERL-76-03
Forced vibration tests and associated analysis of two multistory buildings are described. In one case, the dynamic properties of the building measured during the tests are compared to those predicted by simple analytical models. A three-dimensional finite element model of the second building was constructed for the purpose of evaluating the accuracy of this type of analysis for predicting the observed dynamic properties of the structure. Forced vibration tests were performed on Millikan Library, a nine-story reinforced concrete shear wall building. Measurements of three-dimensional motions of approximately 50 points on each of six floors (including the basement) were taken for excitation in the N-S and E-W directions. The results revealed a complex interaction between lateral and vertical load carrying systems in both directions The results also suggest that a significant change in the foundation response of the structure occurred in the stiffer N-S direction during the San Fernando earthquake. This phenomenon was investigated through the use of two analytical models of the building which included the effects of soil-structure interaction. The Ralph M. Parsons World Headquarters building, a twelvestory steel frame structure, was also tested. The natural frequencies, three-dimensional mode shapes, and damping coefficients of nine modes of vibration were determined. Other features of this investigation included the study of nonlinearities associated with increasing levels of response and the measurement of strain in one of the columns of the structure during forced excitation. The dynamic characteristics of the building determined by these tests are compared to those predicted by a finite element model of the structure. The properties of primarily translational modes are predicted reasonably well; but adequate predictions of torsional motions were not obtained. The comparison between measured and predicted strains suggests that estimates of stress obtained from finite element analyses of buildings should be within 25 percent of those experienced by the structure for a known excitation.
|Item Type:||Report or Paper (Technical Report)|
|Additional Information:||PhD, 1977|
|Group:||Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory|
|Usage Policy:||You are granted permission for individual, educational, research and non-commercial reproduction, distribution, display and performance of this work in any format.|
|Deposited By:||Imported from CaltechEERL|
|Deposited On:||04 Dec 2001|
|Last Modified:||26 Dec 2012 13:57|
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Cheung et al. (2004) use a vector error correction model that allows different speeds of convergence for nominal exchange rates and relative prices toward PPP. With the current float monthly data for five countries, they argue that the sluggish PPP reversion is primarily driven by nominal exchange rate adjustment rather than price adjustment, which is at odds with the conventional sticky-price models. Major findings of this paper are twofold. First, we show that it may be inappropriate to use short-horizon high frequency data in vector error correction models, even when both the nominal exchange rate and the relative price are not weakly exogenous. Second, using a long-horizon annual data set for 11 countries vis-?vis the US, we find a significantly important role of relative prices in real exchange rate dynamics. | <urn:uuid:851a48f0-0228-40e4-9afe-0afd577f39b3> | {
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Lonardelli, Ivan (2010) Deformation mechanisms in bulk nanostructured aluminum obtained after cryomilling and consolidation by spark plasma sintering. PhD thesis, University of Trento.
|PDF - Doctoral Thesis|
Bimodal bulk nanocristalline (nc)/ultrafine (UF) aluminum was produced after cryomilling and spark plasma sintering consolidation process. The samples obtainedwere plastically deformed in uniaxial compression. We show that there is a significant fraction of plastic strain (11%) that can be recovered after unloading. High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments revealed that, there is a correlation between plastic strain recovery and microstructural evolution detected during in-situ loading-unloading experiments. Using a deconvolution approach, the nanostructured volume fraction (grain size below 100 nm) and the UF counterpart (grain size above 100-150 nm)were separated in terms of lattice strain, microstrain, crystallite size and crystallographic texture. During loading-unloading cycles we observe a lattice strain splitting between nc and UF volume fractions, a complete recovery of the peak broadening and a recovery of texture. These intriguing phenomena were explained to be strictly correlated with the lattice strain splitting behavior which act as the driving force for dislocation recombination.
|Item Type:||Doctoral Thesis (PhD)|
|Doctoral School:||Materials Engineering (till the a.y. 2009-10, 25th cycle)|
|Subjects:||Area 09 - Ingegneria industriale e dell'informazione > ING-IND/21 METALLURGIA|
|Repository Staff approval on:||07 Jun 2010 09:18|
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PublicaHier finden Sie wissenschaftliche Publikationen aus den Fraunhofer-Instituten.
Control of self-writing processes in photopolymerizable resins for the fabrication of micro-optical structures
|Consortini, A. ; Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers -SPIE-, Bellingham/Wash.; International Commission for Optics -ICO-:|
ICO-19, 19th Congress of the International Commission for Optics. Technical digest. Part I : Optics for the Quality of Life, Firenze, Italy, 25-30 August 2002
Bellingham/Wash.: SPIE, 2003 (SPIE Proceedings Series 4829)
|International Commission for Optics (Congress) (ICO) <19, 2002, Firenze>|
| Conference Paper|
|Fraunhofer IOF ()|
| self-writing; photopolymerization; self-organization; self-focusing; 3D microfabrication|
We present the investigation of 3D micro-optical structure formation in photopolymerizable polymers due to controlled self-writing processes. A locally deposited amount of energy during the material exposure leads to a local non-linear change of the refractive index. This results in self-focusing and self-guiding effects. The influence from a set of process parameters (chemical parameters, exposure conditions) on the structure formation is investigated theoretically by an iterative beam propagation method (BPM) to investigate the opportunities for a well directed usage of the selforganizing material character. The basis for this is a theoretical and experimental study of the material response towards the absorbed energy, which is presented in this paper. The experimental realization is exemplarily shown by the fabrication of high aspect ratio conic structures in ORMOCEIC polymers. | <urn:uuid:7c74091a-b9aa-4ecc-93aa-96b0e3663d16> | {
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"token_count": 389,
"url": "http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-16007.html"
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