id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56d3e0852ccc5a1400d82f0f | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | Diane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the Birmingham civil rights campaign, asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality. This feeling cau... | According to Diane McWhorter, every child in the South had to face what? | {
"text": [
"the harsh reality of inequality"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
56d3e0852ccc5a1400d82f10 | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | Diane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the Birmingham civil rights campaign, asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality. This feeling cau... | McWhorter wrote that the existance of the book was what? | {
"text": [
"an act of protest"
],
"answer_start": [
579
]
} |
56d3f1872ccc5a1400d82f75 | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | According to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because "she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame". To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes na... | How do the citizens of Monroeville quote lines of the book? | {
"text": [
"like Scripture"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
56d3f1872ccc5a1400d82f77 | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | According to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because "she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame". To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes na... | What do the Monroeville townspeople call tourists to their town? | {
"text": [
"Mockingbird groupies"
],
"answer_start": [
779
]
} |
56ce55feaab44d1400b886ce | Solar_energy | Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis. | Where does solar energy come from? | {
"text": [
"the Sun"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
56ce55feaab44d1400b886cf | Solar_energy | Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis. | What kind of energy consists of the light and heat provided by the Sun? | {
"text": [
"Solar energy"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56ce9034aab44d1400b88890 | Solar_energy | Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis. | What is solar energy? | {
"text": [
"radiant light and heat from the Sun"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
56ce59c8aab44d1400b886dc | Solar_energy | The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ... | How many terawatts of solar radiation does the Earth receive? | {
"text": [
"174,000"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
56ce59c8aab44d1400b886dd | Solar_energy | The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ... | What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back by the atmosphere? | {
"text": [
"30%"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
56ce59c8aab44d1400b886de | Solar_energy | The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ... | The areas that people live in typically receive what range of kWh/m2 per day? | {
"text": [
"3.5 to 7.0"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
56cfb6bb234ae51400d9becf | Solar_energy | The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ... | How many terrawatts of radiation does the earth receive? | {
"text": [
"174,000"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
56cfb6bb234ae51400d9bed0 | Solar_energy | The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ... | How much of the solar radiation is reflected back into space? | {
"text": [
"Approximately 30%"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
56cfb6bb234ae51400d9bed2 | Solar_energy | The Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ... | Where is the solar radiation not reflected back to space absorbed? | {
"text": [
"clouds, oceans and land masses"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
56ce5a8faab44d1400b886e2 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | The Earth's oceans cover what percentage of the globe? | {
"text": [
"71"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
56ce5a8faab44d1400b886e3 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | What is the average temperature of the Earth's surface in Celsius? | {
"text": [
"14"
],
"answer_start": [
623
]
} |
56ce5a8faab44d1400b886e4 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | What is the process by which green plants convert solar energy to stored energy? | {
"text": [
"photosynthesis"
],
"answer_start": [
633
]
} |
56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef5 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | How much of the earth is covered by oceans? | {
"text": [
"about 71%"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef6 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | What is the cause of atmospheric circulation? | {
"text": [
"Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef8 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | What creates wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones? | {
"text": [
"The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef9 | Solar_energy | Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into... | What is the process in which plants convert solar energy into stored energy called? | {
"text": [
"photosynthesis"
],
"answer_start": [
633
]
} |
56ce5b66aab44d1400b886e8 | Solar_energy | The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface... | Each year the Earth absorbs how much solar energy in exajoules? | {
"text": [
"3,850,000"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
56ce5b66aab44d1400b886e9 | Solar_energy | The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface... | In 2002, the Sun provided more energy in one hour than humans used in what span of time? | {
"text": [
"one year"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
56ce5b66aab44d1400b886ea | Solar_energy | The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface... | How much energy in exajoules does photosynthesis capture each year? | {
"text": [
"3,000"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
56ce5b66aab44d1400b886eb | Solar_energy | The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface... | Twice the amount of energy obtainable by all the non-renewable sources on Earth can be provided by the Sun in what span of time? | {
"text": [
"one year"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
56cfb9bf234ae51400d9bf07 | Solar_energy | The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface... | What is the amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth? | {
"text": [
"approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
56cfb9bf234ae51400d9bf08 | Solar_energy | The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface... | How much solar energy is captured by photosynthesis? | {
"text": [
"approximately 3,000 EJ per year"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
56cfb9bf234ae51400d9bf09 | Solar_energy | The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface... | The amount of solar energy per year is twice as much as the energy that will ever be produced from what resources? | {
"text": [
"coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
56ce5ce6aab44d1400b886f5 | Solar_energy | Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of so... | Where do the majority of renewable energies derive their energy from? | {
"text": [
"the Sun"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
56cfc773234ae51400d9bf53 | Solar_energy | Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of so... | How are solar technologies defined? | {
"text": [
"passive or active"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
56cfc773234ae51400d9bf54 | Solar_energy | Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of so... | What is one way that characterizes solar technologies as passive or active? | {
"text": [
"depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
56cfc773234ae51400d9bf55 | Solar_energy | Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of so... | Which renewable energies do not acquire their energy from the sun? | {
"text": [
"geothermal and tidal"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
56cfc773234ae51400d9bf56 | Solar_energy | Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of so... | How do renewable energies acquire energy from the sun? | {
"text": [
"direct or indirect"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
56ce5d70aab44d1400b886f7 | Solar_energy | Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a... | Are supply side solar technologies generally active or passive? | {
"text": [
"Active"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56ce5d70aab44d1400b886f8 | Solar_energy | Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a... | Are demand side solar technologies generally active or passive? | {
"text": [
"Passive"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
56cfdf65234ae51400d9bfce | Solar_energy | Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a... | What is an active solar technique used to generate energy? | {
"text": [
"designing spaces that naturally circulate air"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
56cfdf65234ae51400d9bfcf | Solar_energy | Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a... | What does an active solar technique do? | {
"text": [
"increase the supply of energy"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
56cfdf65234ae51400d9bfd0 | Solar_energy | Active solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a... | What does a passive solar technique do? | {
"text": [
"reduce the need for alternate resources"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
56ce5df9aab44d1400b886fd | Solar_energy | In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In ... | What was the name of the inventor who built a solar engine in 1897? | {
"text": [
"Frank Shuman"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
56ce5df9aab44d1400b886fe | Solar_energy | In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In ... | In what year was the Sun Power Company formed? | {
"text": [
"1908"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
56ce5df9aab44d1400b886ff | Solar_energy | In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In ... | Shuman patented his solar engine system in what year? | {
"text": [
"1912"
],
"answer_start": [
833
]
} |
56cfe67b234ae51400d9c031 | Solar_energy | In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In ... | Who is Frank Shuman? | {
"text": [
"a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
56cfe67b234ae51400d9c032 | Solar_energy | In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In ... | In what year did solar engine build his solar engine? | {
"text": [
"1897"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56cfe67b234ae51400d9c033 | Solar_energy | In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In ... | What was the solar engine used to power? | {
"text": [
"steam engine"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
56cfe67b234ae51400d9c034 | Solar_energy | In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In ... | In what year was the Sun Power Company established? | {
"text": [
"1908"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
56cfe67b234ae51400d9c035 | Solar_energy | In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In ... | In what year did Frank Shuman patent his solar engine? | {
"text": [
"1912"
],
"answer_start": [
833
]
} |
56ce5e5baab44d1400b88703 | Solar_energy | Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Altho... | Where did Shuman build the world's first solar thermal power station? | {
"text": [
"Maadi, Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
56ce5e5baab44d1400b88704 | Solar_energy | Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Altho... | How many liters of water per minute did Shuman's engine pump in litres? | {
"text": [
"22,000"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
56ce5e5baab44d1400b88705 | Solar_energy | Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Altho... | In what decade were Shuman's ideas about solar energy revived? | {
"text": [
"the 1970s"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
56cfe88d234ae51400d9c073 | Solar_energy | Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Altho... | Where was the first solar thermal power plant built? | {
"text": [
"Maadi, Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
56cfe88d234ae51400d9c074 | Solar_energy | Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Altho... | What was used to power the plants engine? | {
"text": [
"parabolic troughs"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
56cfe88d234ae51400d9c075 | Solar_energy | Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Altho... | From what river did the engine pump water? | {
"text": [
"Nile River"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
56cfe88d234ae51400d9c077 | Solar_energy | Shuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields. Altho... | When was the interest in solar energy restored? | {
"text": [
"the 1970s"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
56ce5e92aab44d1400b88709 | Solar_energy | Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate... | According to Shuman, up to what percentage of domestic hot water can be provided by solar heating systems? | {
"text": [
"70"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
56cfe96c234ae51400d9c091 | Solar_energy | Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate... | What do Solar hot water systems use to heat water? | {
"text": [
"sunlight"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
56cfe96c234ae51400d9c092 | Solar_energy | Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate... | How much hot water can be produced by solar heating systems in low geographical latitudes? | {
"text": [
"60 to 70% of the domestic hot water"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
56cfe96c234ae51400d9c093 | Solar_energy | Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate... | What is a common type of solar water heater? | {
"text": [
"evacuated tube collectors"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
56cfe96c234ae51400d9c094 | Solar_energy | Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate... | What type of solar water heater is used to heat pools? | {
"text": [
"unglazed plastic collectors"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
56ce5f4aaab44d1400b8870b | Solar_energy | As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems w... | What was the total capacity of solar hot water systems in 2007 in gigawatts? | {
"text": [
"154"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
56ce5f4aaab44d1400b8870c | Solar_energy | As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems w... | Over 90% of homes use solar hot water systems in which two countries? | {
"text": [
"Israel and Cyprus"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
56cfea9a234ae51400d9c0ab | Solar_energy | As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems w... | What is the capacity of a solar hot water system? | {
"text": [
"approximately 154 thermal gigawatt"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
56cfea9a234ae51400d9c0ac | Solar_energy | As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems w... | What country is the leader in the implementation of solar powered hot water systems? | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
56cfea9a234ae51400d9c0ad | Solar_energy | As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems w... | What percentage of households use solar hot water systems in Israel and Cyprus? | {
"text": [
"over 90%"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
56cfea9a234ae51400d9c0ae | Solar_energy | As of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems w... | In what countries is the use to solar hot water used mainly for w=swimming pools? | {
"text": [
"United States, Canada and Australia"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
56ce5f72aab44d1400b8870f | Solar_energy | In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this ener... | What percentage of energy in commercial buildings comes from HVAC systems? | {
"text": [
"50"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
56cfebbd234ae51400d9c0c7 | Solar_energy | In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this ener... | How much energy does an HVAC system use in commercial locations? | {
"text": [
"30% (4.65 EJ/yr)"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
56cfebbd234ae51400d9c0c8 | Solar_energy | In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this ener... | How much energy does an HVAC system use in residential locations? | {
"text": [
"50% (10.1 EJ/yr)"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
56cfebbd234ae51400d9c0c9 | Solar_energy | In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this ener... | What can be used to balance out a portion of the energy used by HVAC systems? | {
"text": [
"Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
56ce5ff2aab44d1400b88711 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiat... | Materials that can be used to store heat are known as what kind of mass? | {
"text": [
"Thermal"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56cfee97234ae51400d9c103 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiat... | What is thermal mass? | {
"text": [
"any material that can be used to store heat"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
56cfee97234ae51400d9c104 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiat... | What are typical thermal mass material? | {
"text": [
"stone, cement and water"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
56cfee97234ae51400d9c106 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiat... | What is a something that determines the size of thermal mass? | {
"text": [
"climates"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
56cfee97234ae51400d9c107 | Solar_energy | Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiat... | What does thermal mass reduce the need for? | {
"text": [
"auxiliary heating and cooling equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
685
]
} |
56ce602faab44d1400b88713 | Solar_energy | A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing... | What kind of system is a solar chimney? | {
"text": [
"passive solar ventilation"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
56cff05a234ae51400d9c11d | Solar_energy | A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing... | What is a solar chimney? | {
"text": [
"a passive solar ventilation system"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
56ce60e4aab44d1400b88715 | Solar_energy | Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the... | The placement of deciduous trees on the Equator facing side of a building can have a negative effect on solar availability in which season? | {
"text": [
"winter"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
56cff48f234ae51400d9c159 | Solar_energy | Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the... | What is something that is used to control solar heating and cooling? | {
"text": [
"trees and plants"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
56cff48f234ae51400d9c15a | Solar_energy | Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the... | How much solar radiation is blocked by leafless trees? | {
"text": [
"1/3 to 1/2"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
56cff48f234ae51400d9c15b | Solar_energy | Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the... | Why should trees not be planted on the side of a building facing the equator? | {
"text": [
"they will interfere with winter solar availability"
],
"answer_start": [
637
]
} |
56cff48f234ae51400d9c15c | Solar_energy | Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the... | What side of a building should trees be planted without greatly affecting solar gain in the winter? | {
"text": [
"east and west"
],
"answer_start": [
723
]
} |
56ce61a4aab44d1400b88718 | Solar_energy | Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transp... | Horace de Saussure built the first box cooker in what year? | {
"text": [
"1767"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
56ce61a4aab44d1400b88719 | Solar_energy | Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transp... | Reflector cookers can reach temperatures in Celsius of up to what? | {
"text": [
"315"
],
"answer_start": [
749
]
} |
56cff5ff234ae51400d9c175 | Solar_energy | Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transp... | What are solar cookers used for? | {
"text": [
"cooking, drying and pasteurization"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
56cff5ff234ae51400d9c176 | Solar_energy | Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transp... | What are the 3 main categories of solar cookers? | {
"text": [
"box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
56cff5ff234ae51400d9c177 | Solar_energy | Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transp... | Who created the box cooker? | {
"text": [
"Horace de Saussure"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
56cff5ff234ae51400d9c178 | Solar_energy | Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transp... | What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker? | {
"text": [
"90–150 °C (194–302 °F)"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
56cff5ff234ae51400d9c179 | Solar_energy | Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transp... | What do reflector cookers require to function? | {
"text": [
"direct light"
],
"answer_start": [
787
]
} |
56ce6232aab44d1400b8871d | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | The Solar Total Energy Project had a field of how many parabolic dishes? | {
"text": [
"114"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
56ce6232aab44d1400b8871e | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | Are transpired collectors more or less cost-effective than glazed collection systems? | {
"text": [
"more"
],
"answer_start": [
1444
]
} |
56cff819234ae51400d9c1a9 | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | What are some examples of solar concentrating technologies? | {
"text": [
"parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
56cff819234ae51400d9c1aa | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | What was the first commercial solar concentrating system? | {
"text": [
"Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
56cff819234ae51400d9c1ab | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | What is one of the oldest uses of solar energy? | {
"text": [
"use of evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water"
],
"answer_start": [
686
]
} |
56cff819234ae51400d9c1ac | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | What are some items used to dry clothes without the use of electricity? | {
"text": [
"Clothes lines, clotheshorses, and clothes racks"
],
"answer_start": [
913
]
} |
56cff819234ae51400d9c1ad | Solar_energy | Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the proces... | What are Unglazed transpired collectors? | {
"text": [
"perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air"
],
"answer_start": [
1178
]
} |
56ce6382aab44d1400b88732 | Solar_energy | Solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable. The first recorded instance of this was by 16th-century Arab alchemists. A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas. The plant, which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 (51,0... | In what year was a large scale solar distillation project constructed in Las Salinas? | {
"text": [
"1872"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
56d0007f234ae51400d9c243 | Solar_energy | Solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable. The first recorded instance of this was by 16th-century Arab alchemists. A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas. The plant, which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 (51,0... | What is used to make saline or brackish water drinkable? | {
"text": [
"Solar distillation"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56d0007f234ae51400d9c244 | Solar_energy | Solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable. The first recorded instance of this was by 16th-century Arab alchemists. A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas. The plant, which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 (51,0... | By who was the first record of solar distillation done by? | {
"text": [
"16th-century Arab alchemists"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
56d0007f234ae51400d9c245 | Solar_energy | Solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable. The first recorded instance of this was by 16th-century Arab alchemists. A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas. The plant, which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 (51,0... | When was the first large solar distillation plant created? | {
"text": [
"1872"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
56d0007f234ae51400d9c246 | Solar_energy | Solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable. The first recorded instance of this was by 16th-century Arab alchemists. A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas. The plant, which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 (51,0... | How much water was produced by the plant? | {
"text": [
"22,700 L (5,000 imp gal; 6,000 US gal) per day"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
56d0007f234ae51400d9c247 | Solar_energy | Solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable. The first recorded instance of this was by 16th-century Arab alchemists. A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas. The plant, which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 (51,0... | What is an example of a solar distillation design? | {
"text": [
"single-slope"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
56ce64a8aab44d1400b88745 | Solar_energy | Solar water disinfection (SODIS) involves exposing water-filled plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to sunlight for several hours. Exposure times vary depending on weather and climate from a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions. It is recommended by the World Health Organizatio... | Solar water disinfection is recommended by which organization? | {
"text": [
"the World Health Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
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