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Context: Food is chewed evenly during mastication Moisten and lubricate the lining of the mouth and pharynx. Question: Food chewed evenly during mastication moisten and lubricate the lining of the mouth and this? Options: - pharynx - esophagus - trachea - larynx Answer:	[ "pharynx" ]
Context: Every split second that sunlight hits that leaf, photosynthesis is initiated, bringing energy into the ecosystem. It could be said that this is one of the most important - if not the absolutely most important - biochemical reactions. And it all starts with the leaf. Question: Photosynthesis is initiated by wha...	[ "sunlight" ]
Context: Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing general conclusions based on many pieces of evidence. This type of reasoning is the basis of the scientific method. Question: What is the process of drawing general conclusions based on many pieces of evidence? Options: - inductive reasoning - quantum reasoning - p...	[ "inductive reasoning" ]
Context: Syndesmosis A syndesmosis (“fastened with a band”) is a type of fibrous joint in which two parallel bones are united to each other by fibrous connective tissue. The gap between the bones may be narrow, with the bones joined by ligaments, or the gap may be wide and filled in by a broad sheet of connective tissu...	[ "syndesmosis" ]
Context: The water supply can be harmed in two major ways. The water can be polluted, and it can be overused. Protecting the water supply must address both problems. We need to reduce how much pollution ends up in the water supply—keeping water from being polluted is easier and cheaper than cleaning it. We need to trea...	[ "use less" ]
Context: Electrical Synapse While electrical synapses are fewer in number than chemical synapses, they are found in all nervous systems and play important and unique roles. The mode of neurotransmission in electrical synapses is quite different from that in chemical synapses. In an electrical synapse, the presynaptic a...	[ "electrical synapses" ]
Context: An amine consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to some combination of carbons and hydrogens. Question: What consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to some combination of carbons and hydrogens? Options: - an amine - an alkali - a metalloid - a chloride Answer:	[ "an amine" ]
Context: Figure 29.11 Hammerhead sharks tend to school during the day and hunt prey at night. (credit: Masashi Sugawara). Question: When do hammerhead sharks usually hunt? Options: - at night - summer - in the day - winter Answer:	[ "at night" ]
Context: Two traits are used to define the mammal class. They are fur or hair and mammary glands in females. Question: What types of glands do only female mammals have? Options: - mammary - pituitary - thyroid - respiratory Answer:	[ "mammary" ]
Context: The weather map pictured below ( Figure above ) shows air pressure. The lines on the map connect places that have the same air pressure. Air pressure is measured in a unit called the millibar. Isobars are the lines that connect the points with the same air pressure. The map also shows low- and high-pressure ce...	[ "millibar" ]
Context: In prophase II, once again the nucleolus disappears and the nucleus breaks down. The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The spindle begins to reform as the centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell. Question: In which stage does the chromatin condense into chromosomes? Options: - prophase ii - Metaphase...	[ "prophase ii" ]
Context: The atmosphere is a big part of the water cycle. What do you think would happen to Earth’s water without it?. Question: What is the upper-most atmosphere known as? Options: - thermosphere - xerosphere - exosphere - ionosphere Answer:	[ "thermosphere" ]
Context: Agamogenesis is any form of reproduction that does not involve a male gamete. These include are parthenogenesis and apomixis. Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction where growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in aphids, rotifers, nematodes an...	[ "agamogenesis" ]
Context: An integrated circuit (microchip) is an electronic component that consists of many other electronic components such as transistors. Integrated circuits are used in virtually all modern electronic devices to carry out specific tasks. Question: What is the term for an electronic component that consists of many o...	[ "integrated circuit" ]
Context: Life science is the study of life and living organisms. Life science is also called biology. Question: What is another term for life science? Options: - biology - geology - ecology - meteorology Answer:	[ "biology" ]
Context: - Question: What type of cartilage contains no collagen? Options: - lamprey cartilage - fetal cartilage - shark cartilage - joint cartilage Answer:	[ "lamprey cartilage" ]
Context: For a bacteria, many aspects of gene regulation are due to the presence or absence of certain nutrients. In prokaryotes, repressors bind to regions called operators that are generally located immediately downstream from the promoter. Activators bind to the upstream portion of the promoter. Question: In prokary...	[ "operators" ]
Context: Use an electron microscope. This instrument has a resolution many times greater than a light microscope, and can be used to see the details on the outside of a cell. Some electron microscopes can also be used to see the details inside a cell. Question: What instrument has a resolution many times greater than a...	[ "electron microscope" ]
Context: The Relationship between Lattice Energies and Physical Properties The magnitude of the forces that hold an ionic substance together has a dramatic effect on many of its properties. The melting point, for example, is the temperature at which the individual ions have enough kinetic energy to overcome the attract...	[ "melting point" ]
Context: Lipids play several important roles in the body. Triglycerides are stored in fat cells until the body needs to break them down for chemical energy. These stored triglycerides also help insulate the body against extreme temperatures and cushion organs against physical jostling. Phospholipids and cholesterol are...	[ "lipids" ]
Context: Force is a vector, or a measure that has both size and direction. For example, Colton pushes on the ground in the opposite direction that the scooter moves, so that’s the direction of the force he is applies. He can give the scooter a strong push or a weak push. That’s the size of the force. Like other vectors...	[ "vector" ]
Context: Hydrogen bonds also explain why water’s boiling point (100°C) is higher than the boiling points of similar substances without hydrogen bonds. Because of water’s relatively high boiling point, most water exists in a liquid state on Earth. Liquid water is needed by all living organisms. Therefore, the availabili...	[ "hydrogen bonds" ]
Context: Some unstable acids decompose to produce nonmetal oxides and water. Carbonic acid decomposes easily at room temperature into carbon dioxide and water. Question: Carbonic acid decomposes easily at room temperature into carbon dioxide and what else? Options: - water - gas - oxygen - helium Answer:	[ "water" ]
Context: Monatomic ions form when a single atom gains or loses electrons. For the main group elements, cations are generally formed by removing all of the valence electrons from the atom. Since the numbers of valence electrons for the representative elements are constant within a particular group, all we need is the gr...	[ "monatomic ions" ]
Context: - Question: In earthworms, the skin serves as what type of organ? Options: - respiratory - kidney - reproductive - excretory Answer:	[ "respiratory" ]
Context: Catalytic converters are used on motor vehicles. They break down pollutants in exhaust to non-toxic compounds. For example, they change nitrogen oxides to harmless nitrogen and oxygen gases. Question: Catalytic converters used on motor vehicles break down pollutants in what, yielding non-toxic compounds? Optio...	[ "exhaust" ]
Context: - Question: Processing of filtrate in the proximal tubule helps maintain what level in body fluid? Options: - ph - homeostasis - temperature - metabolic level Answer:	[ "ph" ]
Context: The age-sex structure of a population is the number of individuals of each sex and age in the population. Age-sex structure influences population growth. It is represented by a population pyramid. The number of survivors at each age is plotted on a survivorship curve. Question: What helps represent age-sex str...	[ "population pyramid" ]
Context: Large viruses were once parasitic cells inside bigger host cells. Over time, genes needed to survive and reproduce outside host cells were lost. Question: Large viruses began as what type of cells inside bigger host cells? Options: - parasitic - symbiotic - static - simple Answer:	[ "parasitic" ]
Context: The density of matter can be calculated by dividing its mass by its volume. Question: How can you calculate the density of matter? Options: - by dividing its mass by its volume - by subtracting mass from volume - by multiplying its mass by its volume - by dividing its volume by its mass Answer:	[ "by dividing its mass by its volume" ]
Context: Frogs The frog order also includes toads. Unlike other amphibians, frogs and toads lack a tail by adulthood. Their back legs are also longer because they are specialized for jumping. Frogs can jump as far as 20 times their body length. That’s like you jumping more than the length of a basketball court! red-eye...	[ "jumping" ]
Context: Different regions of the cerebral cortex can be associated with particular functions, a concept known as localization of function. In the early 1900s, a German neuroscientist named Korbinian Brodmann performed an extensive study of the microscopic anatomy—the cytoarchitecture—of the cerebral cortex and divided...	[ "localization of function" ]
Context: Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection. Evolution is a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time. Natural selection is the process by which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring, so their traits become more common over time. Question: What is the term for...	[ "evolution" ]
Context: Viruses are not affected by antibiotics. Several viral diseases can be treated with antiviral drugs or prevented with vaccines. Question: What type of diseases do antibiotics not affect? Options: - viruses - autoimmune diseases - cancer - animal stings Answer:	[ "viruses" ]
Context: - Question: Which system carries out long-distance transport of materials between the root and shoot systems? Options: - vascular tissue system - circulatory tissue system - reproductive tissue system - perceptual tissue system Answer:	[ "vascular tissue system" ]
Context: Reptiles typically reproduce sexually and lay eggs. Question: How do reptiles typically reproduce? Options: - sexually - cloning - live birth - asexually Answer:	[ "sexually" ]
Context: All organisms must adapt to their environment in order to survive. This is true whether they live in water or on land. Most environments are not as extreme as the deep ocean where tube worms live. But they all have conditions that require adaptations. In this chapter, you will read about a wide variety of envi...	[ "environment" ]
Context: Carbohydrates are biochemical compounds that include sugars, starches, and cellulose. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they are used mainly for energy by living things. Question: Biochemical compounds that include sugars, starches, and cellulose are examples of what? Options: - carbohydrates - el...	[ "carbohydrates" ]
Context: When an insect egg hatches, a larva emerges. The larva eats and grows and then enters the pupa stage. The pupa is immobile and may be encased in a cocoon . During the pupa stage, the insect goes through metamorphosis . Tissues and appendages of the larva break down and reorganize into the adult form. How did s...	[ "larva" ]
Context: Today, scientists think that electrons truly are fundamental particles that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler particles. They are a type of fundamental particles called leptons. Protons and neutrons, on the other hand, are no longer thought to be fundamental particles. Instead, they are now thought t...	[ "quarks" ]
Context: Puberty is the stage of life when a child becomes sexually mature. Puberty lasts from about 10 to 16 years of age in girls and from about 12 to 18 years of age in boys. In both girls and boys, puberty begins when the pituitary gland signals the gonads (ovaries or testes) to start secreting sex hormones (estrog...	[ "puberty" ]
Context: The cerebrum is divided down the middle from the front to the back of the head. The two halves of the cerebrum are called the right and left hemispheres. The two hemispheres are very similar but not identical. They are connected to each other by a thick bundle of axons deep within the brain. These axons allow ...	[ "cerebrum" ]
Context: http://zonalandeducation. com/mstm/physics/mechanics/vectors/introduction/introductionVectors. html. Question: Because their cells are arranged in bundles, the appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscles is described as what? Options: - striated - quadrant - cylindrical - incised Answer:	[ "striated" ]
Context: Although renewable, soil takes a very long to form—up to hundreds of millions of years. So, for human purposes, soil is a nonrenewable resource. It is also constantly depleted of nutrients through careless use and eroded by wind and water. For example, misuse of soil caused a huge amount of it to simply blow a...	[ "soil" ]
Context: Some solutions have special properties because they are acids. Orange juice is an example. It contains an acid called citric acid. It makes orange juice taste sour. Some solutions are bases rather than acids. Question: What in orange juice makes it taste sour? Options: - citric acid - amino acid - acetic acid ...	[ "citric acid" ]
Context: Linnaeus published his classification system in the 1700s. Since then, many new species have been discovered. The biochemistry of many organisms has also become known. Eventually, scientists realized that Linnaeus’s system of classification needed revision. Question: What scientist created the modern system fo...	[ "linnaeus" ]
Context: All of the organ systems of the body work together to maintain homeostasis of the organism. If homeostasis fails, death or disease may result. Question: What will be the effect to an organism if its homeostasis is not maintained? Options: - death or disease - slow aging - weight regulation - healthy mental sta...	[ "death or disease" ]
Context: The density of air varies from place to place. Air density depends on several factors. One is temperature. Like other materials, warm air is less dense than cool air. Since warmer molecules have more energy, they are more active. The molecules bounce off each other and spread apart. Another factor that affects...	[ "active" ]
Context: The color of light that strikes an object may also affect the color that the object appears. For example, if only blue light strikes green leaves, the blue light is absorbed and no light is reflected. Question: If only blue light strikes green leaves what happens to it? Options: - it is absorbed - it causes he...	[ "it is absorbed" ]
Context: Insects produce useful substances, such as honey, wax, lacquer, and silk. Question: Which type of animal creates useful substances such as honey, wax, lacquer, and silk? Options: - insects - fungus - bacteria - spiders Answer:	[ "insects" ]
Context: f 2 = v w / λ 2 = v w / 2L = 2 f 1 . Similarly, f 3 = 3 f 1 , and so on. All of these frequencies can be changed by adjusting the tension in the string. The greater the tension, the greater v w is and the higher the frequencies. This observation is familiar to anyone who has ever observed a string instrument b...	[ "frequencies" ]
Context: There are 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes in the human genome, for a total of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Sex chromosomes specify an organism's genetic sex. Humans can have two different sex chromosomes, one called X and the other Y. Normal females possess two X chromosomes and normal males one X and one Y. ...	[ "temperature" ]
Context: Convex lenses are thicker in the middle than at the edges. They cause rays of light to converge, or meet, at a point called the focus (F). Convex lenses form either real or virtual images. It depends on how close an object is to the lens relative to the focus. Figure below shows how a convex lens works. You ca...	[ "focus" ]
Context: Magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate are commonly used as antacids. Give the empirical formulas and determine the molar masses of these compounds. Based on their formulas, suggest another compound that might be an effective antacid. ♦ Nickel(II) acetate, lead(II) phosphate, zinc nitr...	[ "antacids" ]
Context: Bases often have a bitter taste and are found in foods less frequently than acids. Many bases, like soaps, are slippery to the touch. Question: What type of taste do bases normally have? Options: - bitter - sour - salty - sweet Answer:	[ "bitter" ]
Context: Roundworms have a tough covering of cuticle on the surface of their body. It prevents their body from expanding. This allows the buildup of fluid pressure in their partial body cavity. The fluid pressure adds stiffness to the body. This provides a counterforce for the contraction of muscles, allowing roundworm...	[ "tough cuticle covering" ]
Context: Homeostasis, or the maintenance of constant conditions in the body, is a fundamental property of all living things. In the human body, the substances that participate in chemical reactions must remain within narrows ranges of concentration. Too much or too little of a single substance can disrupt your bodily f...	[ "homeostasis" ]
Context: Ligaments are made of tough protein fibers and connect bones to each other. Your bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up your skeletal system . Question: What is the term for tough protein fibers that connects bones to each other? Options: - ligaments - tetons - cords - muscles Answer:	[ "ligaments" ]
Context: Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems. A physical chemist may study such things as the rates of chemical reactions, the energy transfers that occur in reactions, or the physical structure of materials at the molecular level. Question: Wh...	[ "physical chemistry" ]
Context: The skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. The skeletal system has many important functions in your body. What bones protect the heart and lungs? What protects the brain?. Question: Bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up what anatomical system? Options: - skeletal system - Integumentar...	[ "skeletal system" ]
Context: Cecum The first part of the large intestine is the cecum, a sac-like structure that is suspended inferior to the ileocecal valve. It is about 6 cm (2.4 in) long, receives the contents of the ileum, and continues the absorption of water and salts. The appendix (or vermiform appendix) is a winding tube that atta...	[ "cecum" ]
Context: Forest and Kim Starr (Flickr:Starr Environmental). Secondary succession occurs when nature reclaims areas formerly occupied by life . CC BY 2.0. Question: What occurs when nature reclaims areas formerly occupied by life? Options: - secondary succession - typical succession - tertiary succession - primary succe...	[ "secondary succession" ]
Context: A related mechanism allows us to absorb and digest the fats in buttered popcorn and French fries. To solubilize the fats so that they can be absorbed, the gall bladder secretes a fluid called bile into the small intestine. Bile contains a variety of bile salts, detergent-like molecules that emulsify the fats. ...	[ "gall bladder" ]
Context: The structure of heme (Figure 19.29), the iron-containing complex in hemoglobin, is very similar to that in chlorophyll. In hemoglobin, the red heme complex is bonded to a large protein molecule (globin) by the attachment of the protein to the heme ligand. Oxygen molecules are transported by hemoglobin in the ...	[ "bluish red" ]
Context: Weather refers to conditions of the atmosphere at a given time and place. It occurs because of unequal heating of the atmosphere. Humidity, clouds, and precipitation are important weather factors. Question: How are weather patterns formed? Options: - uneven heating of the atmosphere - carbon dioxide - pollutio...	[ "uneven heating of the atmosphere" ]
Context: in a one-liter container (Figure 22.15). In this case, the force exerted by the movement of the gas molecules against the walls of the two-liter container is lower than the force exerted by the gas molecules in the one-liter container. Therefore, the pressure is lower in the two-liter container and higher in t...	[ "pressure" ]
Context: Scientists have built machines called particle accelerators. These amazing tools smash particles that are smaller than atoms into each other head-on. This creates new particles. Scientists use particle accelerators to learn about nuclear fusion in stars. They can also learn about how atoms came together in the...	[ "particle accelerators" ]
Context: The abiotic factors, such as the amount of rainfall and the temperature, are going to influence other abiotic factors, such as the quality of the soil. This, in turn, is going to influence the plants that migrate into the ecosystem and thrive in that biome. Recall that migration is the movement of an organism ...	[ "abiotic and biotic" ]
Context: Currents also flow deep below the surface of the ocean. Deep currents are caused by differences in density at the top and bottom. More dense water takes up less space than less dense water. It has the same mass but less volume. Water that is more dense sinks. Less dense water rises. What can make water more de...	[ "deep currents" ]
Context: Mollusks have a hard outer shell. There is a layer of tissue called the mantle between the shell and the body. Question: What is the layer of tissue between the body and shell called? Options: - mantle - collagen - cuticle - epidermis Answer:	[ "mantle" ]
Context: Roots are covered with thin-walled dermal cells and tiny root hairs. These features are well suited to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. Question: Well suited to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil, thin-walled dermal cells and tiny hairs cover what basic plant structures? Option...	[ "roots" ]
Context: The Heart The heart is a complex muscle that consists of two pumps: one that pumps blood through pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the other that pumps blood through systemic circulation to the rest of the body’s tissues (and the heart itself). The heart is asymmetrical, with the left side being larger t...	[ "aorta" ]
Context: Lung cancer is a disease in which the cells found in the lungs grow out of control. The growing mass of cells can form a tumor that pushes into nearby tissues. The tumor will affect how these tissues work. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in men, and the second most common in women....	[ "tumor" ]
Context: Potassium Potassium is the major intracellular cation. It helps establish the resting membrane potential in neurons and muscle fibers after membrane depolarization and action potentials. In contrast to sodium, potassium has very little effect on osmotic. Question: What is the major intracellular cation? Option...	[ "potassium" ]
Context: Protein A large part of protein digestion takes place in the stomach. The enzyme pepsin plays an important role in the digestion of proteins by breaking down the intact protein to peptides, which are short chains of four to nine amino acids. In the duodenum, other enzymes— trypsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin—a...	[ "peptides" ]
Context: The rate of decay of a radioactive substance is constant over time. Question: What remains a constant of radioactive substance over time? Options: - rate of decay - temperature - volatility - acidity Answer:	[ "rate of decay" ]
Context: Terrestrial ecosystems, also known for their diversity, are grouped into large categories called biomes. A biome is a largescale community of organisms, primarily defined on land by the dominant plant types that exist in geographic regions of the planet with similar climatic conditions. Examples of biomes incl...	[ "biomes" ]
Context: The modern day formulation of gun powder is called black powder. It is still commonly used today. Its formulation is still quite similar to what was used in 9 th century China. Black powder is considered a low explosive. It is a mixture that burns quickly, but the resulting shock wave travels at subsonic speed...	[ "supersonic" ]
Context: An organ is a structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to do a specific task. Most modern plants have several organs that help them survive and reproduce in a variety of habitats. Major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and leaves. These and other plant organs generally c...	[ "organ" ]

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