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4. See, for example, Eryk Krasucki, Historia i współczesność (nie)chcianego monumentu. O drawskim pomniku wdzięczności Armii Czerwonej, in Drawsko Pomorskie o okolice poprez wieki. Studia I szkice. Odsłona druga, edited by Eryk Krasucki, Drawsko Pomorskie: Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Drawska “Meander”, 2017. pp. 228–22... |
5. Dominika Czarnecka, 'Pomniki Wdzięczności Armii Czerwonej w Polsce Ludowej i w III Rzeczypospolitej, Warsaw: IPN, 2015, pp. 245–269. |
6. For pictures see the facebook page of "Potorachpamieci”, Projekt historyczny mający na celu rozpowszechnianie wiadomości o miejscach represji komunistycznych. [“On the track of memory”, project aiming to spread information about places of communist repression]. The page is a project of students and their teacher R... |
7. Krasucki, 2017. |
8. Edward Rymar, Bronimy ul. 2 marca w Pyrzycach, Kurier Szczeciński (12 April 2017). |
9. Robert Traba, (Nicht-)Rückkehr. Polen 1945: Ereignis und Erinnerung, OSTEUROPA 67, no. 5 (2017): 3–23. |
Recommended citation: |
Nancy Waldmann: Local memories dismantled: reactions to de-communization in northern and western Poland. In: Cultures of History Forum (23.03.2018), DOI: 10.25626/0082. |
Copyright (c) 2018 by Imre Kertész Kolleg, all rights reserved. This work may be copied and redistributed for non-commercial, educational purposes, if permission is granted by the copyright holders. For permission please contact the edit |
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Monument of Gratitude for the Red Army in Szczecin in summer 2017 |
The monument to the Red Army in Drawsko-Pomorskie featuring two T34 tanks |
The original inscription on the monument in Drawsko-Pomorskie: 'to the soldiers of the Red Army fallen in the battles for liberation of the Drawsko land.' It was removed in late 2017 |
Demonstration at the monument in Drawsko to 'defend' the Soviet tanks, in October 2017. |
The monument of a Soviet soldier in Kęszyca Leśna, June 2017 |
The Soviet soldier in Kęszyca Leśna secretly turned into a Polish soldier as a white-red flag is painted on his arm and a Polish eagle on his helmet, October 2017. |
Monument to Polish-Soviet ‘brotherhood in arms’ in Legnica. Dismantled in March 2018. |
One of many streets dedicated to important dates of local history, here the 30th of January Street in Gorzów, formerly Landsberg |
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Ride for Roswell Saturday to close off-ramps on I-990 |
Hundreds of bicyclists will be wheeling through Amherst Saturday as part of Ride for Roswell, which will force the closing of the both the north and south I-990 exit ramps to John James Audubon Parkway. |
State Department of Transportation officials said those exits will be closed to traffic intermittently throughout the day to accommodate the community event, an annual fundraiser for Roswell Park Cancer Institute. Motorists who plan to travel on the I-990 are being advised to seek alternate routes. They also are being ... |
Meanwhile, the on-ramps from John James Audubon Parkway to the I-990 are scheduled to remain open during the Ride for Roswell event. |
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If you find that the tick/checkmark icon is unresponsive when trying to save locally in VideoScribe it may be because of a problem with the soundtrack on your scribe. If you remove the soundtrack you should be able to save the scribe. Once you have saved it, try adding the music back and try saving again. |
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The most important buildings in London – those with the greatest social significance for the mass of its people and those which have made the greatest visual impact on the capital – are council houses. In 1981, at peak, there were 769,996 council homes in the capital and they housed near 31 percent of its population. |
It’s partly this ubiquity and familiarity – and the fact, of course, that most council housing is happily ‘ordinary’ – that explains why few council estates make it into Open House London, the annual celebration of built heritage taking place this year on the weekend of the 21-22 September. |
Housing protest |
Open House itself has, to put it kindly, an ambivalent relationship to social housing. It features, as we will see, genuine celebrations of council housing’s past and present but too often controversial regeneration schemes are showcased with no reference to the disruption of established communities and the loss of soc... |
This post offers a chronological tour of the Open House London venues which do mark council housing’s progressive history and present necessity. This year, the Open House locations will be picked out in bold with the relevant link to the venue’s webpage and I’ll add links (in bold blue), where possible, to past blog p... |
We’ll begin, however, with a brief reference to some of the early garden suburbs which, while overwhelmingly middle-class in character, did provide a model for later council schemes. |
Fowlers Walk, Brentham Garden Suburb |
Brentham Garden Suburb |
The bohemian Bedford Park Estate, begun in 1875, might be described as the first cottage suburb. Gidea Park, promoted by several Liberal MPs (including Sir Tudor Walters of the famous wartime report on post-war housing) from 1897, is notable for the architectural contribution of a number of architects who would go on ... |
Hampstead Garden Suburb, founded in 1906 by Henrietta Barnett, was intended as a mixed community though it rapidly – given the quality of its design and build and relatively high rents – became a rather select middle-class enclave. Unwin and Parker were again key figures and the guided walk offered focuses on the Subur... |
P1000827 |
Tower Gardens Estate |
Turning to council housing proper, it’s good to see Tower Gardens (or the White Hart Lane Estate) featured – designed and built by the London County Council (LCC) before the First World War: a cottage estate for working people inspired by the Garden City and Arts and Crafts movements of the day. Just under 1000 homes ... |
Cottage Flats in Roe Lane |
Roe Green Village |
Roe Green Village wasn’t a council scheme – it was designed by Frank Baines in 1916, chief architect of the Office of Works, as housing for workers engaged in First World War armaments production. He had earlier designed the exemplary Well Hall Estate in Eltham for the same purpose. Both provided important inspiration... |
Becontree Estate (8) |
The Becontree Estate |
In terms of size and ambition, there was no more important such estate than Becontree in east London. The LCC built 89,049 council homes in the capital between the wars; some 26,000 of these in the Becontree Estate in Dagenham, first mooted in 1919. It was the largest of the LCC’s interwar estates, housing by 1939 a p... |
Front elevation of the original Fellowship |
An early photograph of the Fellowship Inn |
The Bellingham Estate in south London was another large interwar LCC estate with over 2000 homes and a population of 12,000, largely complete by 1923. The Fellowship Inn, now repurposed as a community venue including bar, cinema and café by Phoenix Community Housing, is an interesting example of the ‘improved public h... |
Eastbury Manor SN |
Eastbury Manor and estate |
It’s a stretch to include 16th century Eastbury Manor House in this listing but I’m fond of it and it has a rich municipal history amongst other things. It’s incongruously but delightfully situated plumb in the middle of another interwar council estate. |
Gascoyne Estate SN |
Cass House, the Gascoyne Estate |
The guided walk I’m leading which starts at the 1948 Gascoyne Estate (yet another LCC scheme in inception) takes in other similar interwar tenement blocks as well as some representative modernist high-rise. Vaine House and Granard House on Gascoyne II were inspired by Le Corbusier’s Unité d’Habitation and would provide... |
Acton Gardens and South Acton |
Acton Gardens Estate |
The Acton Gardens Estate was formerly known as the South Acton Estate or even (as a reference to a local laundry industry) ‘Soapsud Island’. Begun under a post-war slum clearance and redevelopment programme in 1949 and built over 30 years, South Acton became, with almost 2100 homes, one of the largest council estates ... |
golden_lane-(c) Paul Lincoln Walking London |
Golden Lane Estate |
The Golden Lane Estate, inaugurated in 1950 and designed for the City of London by Powell, Chamberlin and Bon (who went on to design the neighbouring Barbican), is rightly celebrated for the innovative thinking and architecture which provided a model for the best of post-war council housing, particularly in the facilit... |
© Stephen Richards and licensed for reuse under a Creative Commons Licence |
Balfron Tower |
The fight to save Balfron Tower is already lost. Designed by Ernő Goldfinger for the Greater London Council in 1968, Balfron is famous (or infamous according to taste) as one of the most imposing Brutalist designs of its time but it was, first and foremost, housing for working-class people being moved from local slums.... |
Trellick 2 |
Trellick Tower |
Fortunately, Balfron’s younger sister, Trellick Tower, opened in 1972, remains – despite the depredations of Right to Buy – in council ownership. |
941-F |
The World’s End Estate |
Another landmark estate, this one created by the Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in happier times is the World’s End Estate. It’s an estate set on the banks of the Thames, completed in 1977 when the working class were still permitted river views. Designed by Eric Lyons and HT (‘Jim’) Cadbury-Brown, in plain terms Wo... |
IMG_0085 (a) |
Cressingham Gardens |
In some respects, World’s End marked the end of an era of large, high-rise construction. As Chief Architect for the new (post-65) Borough of Lambeth, Ted Hollamby had concluded that ‘people do not desperately desire to be housed in large estates, no matter how imaginative the design and convenient the dwellings’. Holl... |
Cressingham Gardens was described in 1981 by Lord Esher, president of RIBA, as ‘warm and informal…one of the nicest small schemes in England’. It’s a beautiful estate nestling on the edge of Brockwell Park which manages superbly, in Hollamby’s words again, to ‘create a sense of smallness inside the bigness…and to get t... |
It’s a well-loved estate with a strong sense of community. Unfortunately, as part of Lambeth’s commendable pledge to build new homes at council rent in the borough, it has become another victim of ‘regeneration’; in actual fact, the threat of demolition. |
The principal driver of this policy in London is money or the lack of it – the pressure to sell council real estate and build private housing for sale in order to raise capital for social housing at best or so-called ‘affordable’ housing at worst. A second is ‘densification’ – a belief that working-class homes must be... |
Central Hill snip |
Central Hill |
A second signature Hollamby estate, also featured in Open House this year, is Central Hill in Upper Norwood, completed in 1973. It’s a stepped development designed to make best use of its attractive site but it reflects Lambeth and Hollamby’s signature style in its intimacy and human scale. It too is threatened with de... |
Image result for west ken and gibbs green |
West Kensington and Gibbs Green |
West Ken and Gibbs Green are two neighbouring estates of 760 homes in total in Hammersmith (built in 1974 and 1961 respectively) which have been fighting against demolition as part of a massive commercially-led redevelopment scheme since 2009. Residents are now campaigning to form a community-owned housing association ... |
HP19-07 |
An early photograph of Thamesmead |
Thamesmead on the south bank of the Thames Estuary represented planning and construction in an earlier era of high ambition. A gleam in the eye of the LCC from the fifties and then, from 1966, the Greater London Council’s ‘Woolwich-Erith Project’, it was envisaged as a ‘town of the 21st Century’ with a population of be... |
Image result for brunswick centre |
The Brunswick Centre |
From the late 1960s, a new era began in council housing design as discredited tower blocks were replaced by new forms of low-rise, high density housing. The Brunswick Centre, completed in 1972, was originally planned as a private development. Due to financial difficulties, the residential section was leased to the Lon... |
Sn Whittington Estate Stoneleigh Terrace (2) |
Stoneleigh Terrace, the Whittington Estate |
Though not a Camden scheme as such, the Centre fits well with what became the celebrated signature style of Camden Borough Council into the 1970s. This can be seen firstly in the Whittington Estate, begun in 1969, designed by Peter Tábori, a young architect then in his mid-twenties. It’s a scheme in typical Camden styl... |
P1010155 |
Alexandra Road |
Another Camden scheme is widely judged to be one of the most attractive and architecturally accomplished council estates in the country, Alexandra Road, listed Grade II* in 1993. The Alexandra and Ainsworth Estate was the work of Neave Brown, awarded the Royal Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects in... |
Page High & gardens |
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